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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Gene and protein structure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gene_and_protein_structure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sites_and_regulation_of_production" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sites_and_regulation_of_production"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Sites and regulation of production</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sites_and_regulation_of_production-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Interactions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interactions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Interactions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Interactions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cellular_actions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cellular_actions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Cellular actions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cellular_actions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Role_in_cancer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Role_in_cancer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Role in cancer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Role_in_cancer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Table:_IGFBP-3_binding_partners" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Table:_IGFBP-3_binding_partners"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Table: IGFBP-3 binding partners</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Table:_IGFBP-3_binding_partners-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" 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Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="IGFBP3" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B9%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B3%E6%A7%98%E6%88%90%E9%95%B7%E5%9B%A0%E5%AD%90%E7%B5%90%E5%90%88%E3%82%BF%E3%83%B3%E3%83%91%E3%82%AF%E8%B3%AA3" title="インスリン様成長因子結合タンパク質3 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="インスリン様成長因子結合タンパク質3" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/IGFBP3" title="IGFBP3 – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="IGFBP3" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link 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id="mw-indicator-Journal_Icon.svg" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/J.GENE.2015.06.028" title="This article was updated by an external expert under a dual publication model. The corresponding peer-reviewed article was published in the journal Gene. Click to view." rel="nofollow"><img alt="This article was updated by an external expert under a dual publication model. The corresponding peer-reviewed article was published in the journal Gene. Click to view." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Journal_Icon.svg/20px-Journal_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Journal_Icon.svg/30px-Journal_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Journal_Icon.svg/40px-Journal_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="479" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens</div> <table class="infobox" style="width:26.4em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold">IGFBP3</th></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ddd">Identifiers</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><span class="plainlinks"><a href="/wiki/Gene_nomenclature" title="Gene nomenclature">Aliases</a></span></th><td colspan="3" style="background:#eee"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.genenames.org/data/gene-symbol-report/#!/hgnc_id/5472">IGFBP3</a></span>, BP-53, IBP3, insulin like growth factor binding protein 3</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8">External IDs</th><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks"><a href="/wiki/Mendelian_Inheritance_in_Man" class="mw-redirect" title="Mendelian Inheritance in Man">OMIM</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://omim.org/entry/146732">146732</a>; <a href="/wiki/Mouse_Genome_Informatics" title="Mouse Genome Informatics">MGI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.informatics.jax.org/marker/MGI:96438">96438</a>; <a href="/wiki/HomoloGene" title="HomoloGene">HomoloGene</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=homologene&dopt=HomoloGene&list_uids=500">500</a>; <a href="/wiki/GeneCards" title="GeneCards">GeneCards</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl?gene=IGFBP3">IGFBP3</a>; <a href="/wiki/Orthologous_MAtrix" title="Orthologous MAtrix">OMA</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://omabrowser.org/oma/vps/ENSG00000146674">IGFBP3 - orthologs</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ddd">Gene location (<a href="/wiki/Human_genome" title="Human genome">Human</a>)</th></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ideogram_human_chromosome_7.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chromosome 7 (human)"><img alt="Chromosome 7 (human)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Ideogram_human_chromosome_7.svg/300px-Ideogram_human_chromosome_7.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Ideogram_human_chromosome_7.svg/450px-Ideogram_human_chromosome_7.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Ideogram_human_chromosome_7.svg/600px-Ideogram_human_chromosome_7.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="474" data-file-height="189" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" width="15%" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a href="/wiki/Chromosome" title="Chromosome">Chr.</a></th><td colspan="3" width="85%" style="background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks"><a href="/wiki/Chromosome_7_(human)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chromosome 7 (human)">Chromosome 7 (human)</a><sup id="cite_ref-refGRCh38Ensembl_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-refGRCh38Ensembl-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><div align="center"><div style="position: relative; width: 300px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Human_chromosome_7_ideogram.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chromosome 7 (human)"><img alt="Chromosome 7 (human)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Human_chromosome_7_ideogram.svg/300px-Human_chromosome_7_ideogram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="58" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Human_chromosome_7_ideogram.svg/450px-Human_chromosome_7_ideogram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Human_chromosome_7_ideogram.svg/600px-Human_chromosome_7_ideogram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1125" data-file-height="216" /></a></span><div style="position: absolute; left: 79.357282478205px; top: 2px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Genomic location for IGFBP3"><img alt="Genomic location for IGFBP3" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg/14px-HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg/21px-HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg/28px-HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="142" data-file-height="142" /></a></span></div><div style="position: absolute; left: 85.4px; top: 19px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Red_rectangle_2x18.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Genomic location for IGFBP3"><img alt="Genomic location for IGFBP3" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/Red_rectangle_2x18.png" decoding="async" width="2" height="18" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2" data-file-height="18" /></a></span></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" rowspan="2" width="15%" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a href="/wiki/Locus_(genetics)" title="Locus (genetics)">Band</a></th><td rowspan="2" width="35%" style="background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks">7p12.3</span></td><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8">Start</th><td style="background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks">45,912,245 <a href="/wiki/Base_pair" title="Base pair">bp</a><sup id="cite_ref-refGRCh38Ensembl_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-refGRCh38Ensembl-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8">End</th><td style="background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks">45,921,874 <a href="/wiki/Base_pair" title="Base pair">bp</a><sup id="cite_ref-refGRCh38Ensembl_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-refGRCh38Ensembl-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ddd">Gene location (<a href="/wiki/Laboratory_mouse" title="Laboratory mouse">Mouse</a>)</th></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ideogram_house_mouse_chromosome_11.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chromosome 11 (mouse)"><img alt="Chromosome 11 (mouse)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Ideogram_house_mouse_chromosome_11.svg/260px-Ideogram_house_mouse_chromosome_11.svg.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Ideogram_house_mouse_chromosome_11.svg/390px-Ideogram_house_mouse_chromosome_11.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Ideogram_house_mouse_chromosome_11.svg/520px-Ideogram_house_mouse_chromosome_11.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="470" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" width="15%" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a href="/wiki/Chromosome" title="Chromosome">Chr.</a></th><td colspan="3" width="85%" style="background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks">Chromosome 11 (mouse)<sup id="cite_ref-refGRCm38Ensembl_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-refGRCm38Ensembl-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><div align="center"><div style="position: relative; width: 300px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ideogram_of_house_mouse_chromosome_11.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chromosome 11 (mouse)"><img alt="Chromosome 11 (mouse)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Ideogram_of_house_mouse_chromosome_11.svg/300px-Ideogram_of_house_mouse_chromosome_11.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="58" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Ideogram_of_house_mouse_chromosome_11.svg/450px-Ideogram_of_house_mouse_chromosome_11.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Ideogram_of_house_mouse_chromosome_11.svg/600px-Ideogram_of_house_mouse_chromosome_11.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="231" /></a></span><div style="position: absolute; left: 11.850582956807px; top: 2px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Genomic location for IGFBP3"><img alt="Genomic location for IGFBP3" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg/14px-HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg/21px-HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg/28px-HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="142" data-file-height="142" /></a></span></div><div style="position: absolute; left: 17.9px; top: 19px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Red_rectangle_2x18.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Genomic location for IGFBP3"><img alt="Genomic location for IGFBP3" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/Red_rectangle_2x18.png" decoding="async" width="2" height="18" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2" data-file-height="18" /></a></span></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" rowspan="2" width="15%" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a href="/wiki/Locus_(genetics)" title="Locus (genetics)">Band</a></th><td rowspan="2" width="35%" style="background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks">11 A1|11 4.75 cM</span></td><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8">Start</th><td style="background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks">7,156,086 <a href="/wiki/Base_pair" title="Base pair">bp</a><sup id="cite_ref-refGRCm38Ensembl_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-refGRCm38Ensembl-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8">End</th><td style="background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks">7,163,923 <a href="/wiki/Base_pair" title="Base pair">bp</a><sup id="cite_ref-refGRCm38Ensembl_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-refGRCm38Ensembl-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ddd"><a href="/wiki/Gene_expression" title="Gene expression">RNA expression</a> pattern</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bgee.org/">Bgee</a></th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th><b><a href="/wiki/Human_genome" title="Human genome">Human</a></b></th><th><b><a href="/wiki/Laboratory_mouse" title="Laboratory mouse">Mouse</a> (ortholog)</b></th></tr><tr><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:center"><tbody><tr><td colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks" style="margin:-3px"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bgee.org/gene/ENSG00000146674">Top expressed in</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><div class="plainlinks" style="margin:-12px 0px -10px 0px"><ul style="line-height:15%;margin:9px"><li style="line-height: 137%;">decidua</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">palpebral conjunctiva</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">cartilage tissue</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">Descending thoracic aorta</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">mucosa of urinary bladder</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">vulva</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">pericardium</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">skin of thigh</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">skin of hip</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">right lobe of liver</li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:center"><tbody><tr><td colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks" style="margin:-3px"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bgee.org/gene/ENSMUSG00000020427">Top expressed in</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><div class="plainlinks" style="margin:-12px 0px -10px 0px"><ul style="line-height:15%;margin:9px"><li style="line-height: 137%;">Gonadal ridge</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">gastrula</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">molar</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">vestibular sensory epithelium</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">skin of external ear</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">external carotid artery</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">efferent ductule</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">right kidney</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">lip</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">human kidney</li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bgee.org/gene/ENSG00000146674">More reference expression data</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://biogps.org/">BioGPS</a></th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PBB_GE_IGFBP3_212143_s_at_fs.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/PBB_GE_IGFBP3_212143_s_at_fs.png/250px-PBB_GE_IGFBP3_212143_s_at_fs.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/PBB_GE_IGFBP3_212143_s_at_fs.png/375px-PBB_GE_IGFBP3_212143_s_at_fs.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/PBB_GE_IGFBP3_212143_s_at_fs.png/500px-PBB_GE_IGFBP3_212143_s_at_fs.png 2x" data-file-width="732" data-file-height="530" /></a></span><br /><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PBB_GE_IGFBP3_210095_s_at_fs.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/PBB_GE_IGFBP3_210095_s_at_fs.png/250px-PBB_GE_IGFBP3_210095_s_at_fs.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/PBB_GE_IGFBP3_210095_s_at_fs.png/375px-PBB_GE_IGFBP3_210095_s_at_fs.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/PBB_GE_IGFBP3_210095_s_at_fs.png/500px-PBB_GE_IGFBP3_210095_s_at_fs.png 2x" data-file-width="732" data-file-height="530" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://biogps.org/gene/3486/">More reference expression data</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ddd"><a href="/wiki/Gene_ontology" class="mw-redirect" title="Gene ontology">Gene ontology</a></th></tr><tr><td style="background-color:#c3fdb8;font-weight:bold">Molecular function</td><td style="background-color:#eee"><div class="plainlinks"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0001968">fibronectin binding</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0005520">insulin-like growth factor binding</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0008160">protein tyrosine phosphatase activator activity</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0019838">growth factor binding</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0031994">insulin-like growth factor I binding</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0046872">metal ion binding</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0031995">insulin-like growth factor II binding</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0005515">protein binding</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color:#c3fdb8;font-weight:bold">Cellular component</td><td style="background-color:#eee"><div class="plainlinks"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0042567">insulin-like growth factor ternary complex</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0005576">extracellular region</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0016942">insulin-like growth factor binding protein complex</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0005634">nucleus</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0005615">extracellular space</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0005788">endoplasmic reticulum lumen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color:#c3fdb8;font-weight:bold">Biological process</td><td style="background-color:#eee"><div class="plainlinks"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0001933">negative regulation of protein phosphorylation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0048662">negative regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0014912">negative regulation of smooth muscle cell migration</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0006468">protein phosphorylation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0043567">regulation of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0010906">regulation of glucose metabolic process</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0043568">positive regulation of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0045663">positive regulation of myoblast differentiation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0001558">regulation of cell growth</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0001649">osteoblast differentiation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0043065">positive regulation of apoptotic process</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0040008">regulation of growth</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0009968">negative regulation of signal transduction</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0044342">type B pancreatic cell proliferation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0043410">positive regulation of MAPK cascade</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0008285">negative regulation of cell population proliferation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0006915">apoptotic process</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0042981">regulation of apoptotic process</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0043687">post-translational protein modification</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0043666">regulation of phosphoprotein phosphatase activity</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="background-color:#eee;text-align:center">Sources:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/">Amigo</a> / <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/">QuickGO</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><table class="collapsible" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ddd"><a href="/wiki/Orthologs" class="mw-redirect" title="Orthologs">Orthologs</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8">Species</th><td><b>Human</b></td><td><b>Mouse</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a href="/wiki/Entrez" title="Entrez">Entrez</a></th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks"></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=gene&cmd=retrieve&dopt=default&list_uids=3486&rn=1">3486</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks"></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=gene&cmd=retrieve&dopt=default&list_uids=16009&rn=1">16009</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a href="/wiki/Ensembl" class="mw-redirect" title="Ensembl">Ensembl</a></th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks"></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ensembl.org/Homo_sapiens/geneview?gene=ENSG00000146674;db=core">ENSG00000146674</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks"></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ensembl.org/Mus_musculus/geneview?gene=ENSMUSG00000020427;db=core">ENSMUSG00000020427</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a href="/wiki/UniProt" title="UniProt">UniProt</a></th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks"></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P17936">P17936</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks"></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P47878">P47878</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8">RefSeq (mRNA)</th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1" class="plainlinks"></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_001013398">NM_001013398</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_000598">NM_000598</a></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1" class="plainlinks"></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_008343">NM_008343</a></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8">RefSeq (protein)</th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1" class="plainlinks"></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_000589">NP_000589</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_001013416">NP_001013416</a></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1" class="plainlinks"></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_032369">NP_032369</a></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8">Location (UCSC)</th><td><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgTracks?org=Human&db=hg38&position=chr7:45912245-45921874">Chr 7: 45.91 – 45.92 Mb</a></span></td><td><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgTracks?org=Mouse&db=mm0&position=chr11:7156086-7163923">Chr 11: 7.16 – 7.16 Mb</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PubMed</a> search</th><td><span class="plainlinks"><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td><td><span class="plainlinks"><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><table style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:center"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#eee;text-align:center"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18027678" class="extiw" title="d:Q18027678">View/Edit Human</a></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#eee;text-align:center"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18251449" class="extiw" title="d:Q18251449">View/Edit Mouse</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3</b>, also known as <b>IGFBP-3</b>, is a <a href="/wiki/Protein" title="Protein">protein</a> that in humans is encoded by the <i>IGFBP3</i> <a href="/wiki/Gene" title="Gene">gene</a>. IGFBP-3 is one of six <a href="/wiki/Insulin-like_growth_factor-binding_protein" title="Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein">IGF binding proteins</a> (<a href="/wiki/IGFBP1" title="IGFBP1">IGFBP-1</a> to <a href="/wiki/IGFBP6" title="IGFBP6">IGFBP-6</a>) that have highly conserved structures and bind the insulin-like growth factors <a href="/wiki/IGF-1" class="mw-redirect" title="IGF-1">IGF-1</a> and <a href="/wiki/IGF-2" class="mw-redirect" title="IGF-2">IGF-2</a> with high affinity. <a href="/wiki/IGFBP7" title="IGFBP7">IGFBP-7</a>, sometimes included in this family, shares neither the conserved structural features nor the high IGF affinity. Instead, <a href="/wiki/IGFBP7" title="IGFBP7">IGFBP-7</a> binds <a href="/wiki/IGF1R" class="mw-redirect" title="IGF1R">IGF1R</a>, which blocks <a href="/wiki/IGF-1" class="mw-redirect" title="IGF-1">IGF-1</a> and <a href="/wiki/IGF-2" class="mw-redirect" title="IGF-2">IGF-2</a> binding, resulting in apoptosis.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Function">Function</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IGFBP3&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Function"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>IGFBP-3 was first isolated, characterized, and quantitated in human plasma, in 1986.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid3722172_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid3722172-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid2431001_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid2431001-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has well-documented functions in the circulation, in the extracellular environment, and inside cells. It is the main IGF transport protein in the bloodstream, where it carries the growth factors predominantly in stable complexes that contain the binding protein, either IGF-1 or IGF-2, and a third protein called the <a href="/wiki/IGFALS" title="IGFALS">acid-labile subunit</a> or ALS. </p><p>For IGFs to reach the tissues from the bloodstream, the circulating complexes are believed to partly dissociate, possibly enhanced by limited proteolysis of IGFBP-3. The IGF-1/IGFBP-3 ratio has sometimes been used as an index of IGF bioavailability in the human circulation, but this ignores IGF-1 binding to other IGFBPs (so the ratio is affected by the concentrations of all six IGFBPs), and the fact that IGF-2, which is three times more abundant than IGF-1 in the bloodstream of adults, occupies the majority of binding sites on circulating IGFBP-3. </p><p>Within tissues, IGFBP-3 can bind IGF-1 and IGF-2 released by many cell types, and block their access to the IGF-1 receptor (<a href="/wiki/IGF1R" class="mw-redirect" title="IGF1R">IGF1R</a>), which is activated by both IGFs. IGFBP-3 also interacts with cell-surface proteins, affecting cell signaling from outside the cell or after internalization, and also enters the cell nucleus where it binds to nuclear hormone receptors and other ligands. High levels of IGFBP-3 within tumors are associated with increased cancer severity (or worse outcome) for some cancers, but decreased severity or better outcome for others. No cases of IGFBP3 gene deletion in humans have been reported, but mice lacking the gene show near-normal growth. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gene_and_protein_structure">Gene and protein structure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IGFBP3&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Gene and protein structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The IGFBP3 gene (or IBP3), on human chromosome 7, is organized into four protein-coding <a href="/wiki/Exon" title="Exon">exons</a> with a 5th exon in the 3' untranslated region.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid1695633_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid1695633-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is located adjacent to the <a href="/wiki/IGFBP1" title="IGFBP1">IGFBP1</a> gene in tail-to-tail orientation, separated by 20 kb.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid1373120_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid1373120-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The encoded protein includes a 27-residue <a href="/wiki/Signal_peptide" title="Signal peptide">signal peptide</a> followed by the 264-residue mature protein. IGFBP-3 shares with the other five high-affinity IGFBPs and a 3-domain structure:<sup id="cite_ref-Jogie-Brahim_2009_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jogie-Brahim_2009-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li>A conserved <a href="/wiki/N-terminal_domain" class="mw-redirect" title="N-terminal domain">N-terminal domain</a> containing a cysteine rich region (12 cysteine residues) with multiple intra-domain <a href="/wiki/Disulfide_bond" class="mw-redirect" title="Disulfide bond">disulfide bonds</a>, an IGFBP motif (GCGCCXXC), the primary site of IGF binding.</li> <li>A highly variable central or linker domain (only 15% conservation between IGFBPs).</li> <li>A conserved <a href="/wiki/C-terminal_domain" class="mw-redirect" title="C-terminal domain">C-terminal domain</a> containing secondary IGF binding residues, a cysteine rich region (6 cysteine residues), an 18 residue basic motif that binds <a href="/wiki/Heparin" title="Heparin">heparin</a>, the acid labile subunit (ALS), and a <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_localization_sequence" title="Nuclear localization sequence">nuclear localization sequence</a>.</li></ol> <p>The linker domain is the site of most <a href="/wiki/Post-translational_modification" title="Post-translational modification">post-translational modification</a>, which include <a href="/wiki/Glycosylation" title="Glycosylation">glycosylation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phosphorylation" title="Phosphorylation">phosphorylation</a>, and limited <a href="/wiki/Proteolysis" title="Proteolysis">proteolysis</a>. By electrophoretic analysis IGFBP-3 appears as a doublet, owing to the occupancy of either two or three of its <a href="/wiki/N-glycosylation" class="mw-redirect" title="N-glycosylation">N-glycosylation</a> sites by carbohydrate. Hypoglycosylated IGFBP-3 may be seen after extended glucose starvation. </p><p>Many <a href="/wiki/Protease" title="Protease">proteases</a> are known to cleave IGFBP-3 at single linker-domain sites, and in the circulation of pregnant women, IGFBP-3 is entirely proteolyzed, yet still capable of carrying normal amounts of IGF-1 and IGF-2. Binding capacity appears to be retained after proteolysis because of a cooperative interaction between the two proteolyzed fragments, that together maintain an active IGF-binding site.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid19734278_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid19734278-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sites_and_regulation_of_production">Sites and regulation of production</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IGFBP3&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Sites and regulation of production"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>IGFBP-3 mRNA is expressed in all tissue examined, with kidney, stomach, placenta, uterus and liver showing highest expression in rat tissues.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid1370153_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid1370153-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rat liver IGFBP-3 mRNA is found in nonparenchymal cells including sinusoidal endothelium, but not in <a href="/wiki/Hepatocyte" title="Hepatocyte">hepatocytes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid7515002_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid7515002-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In contrast, human hepatocytes do express IGFBP-3.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid8655960_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid8655960-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>IGFBP-3 levels in human serum are, like IGF-1, dependent on <a href="/wiki/Growth_hormone" title="Growth hormone">growth hormone</a> (GH); for example, serum IGFBP-3 is increased in acromegaly and low in GH-deficient children. However, IGFBP-3 gene expression in human liver is GH-independent.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid2431001_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid2431001-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid10022415_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid10022415-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because it is stabilized in human serum by forming complexes with IGF-1 and ALS, which are both GH-dependent, serum IGFBP-3 also appears regulated by GH. Its production by some non-hepatic tissues may also be directly GH-regulated. <a href="/wiki/Immunoassay" title="Immunoassay">Immunoassays</a> for serum IGFBP-3 are often used as part of the diagnosis of childhood GH-deficiency. </p><p>The most widely studied IGFBP3 <a href="/wiki/Polymorphism_(biology)" title="Polymorphism (biology)">polymorphism</a>, at nucleotide-202 in the promoter region, is significantly associated with circulating IGFBP-3 levels, although the mechanism is unclear.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid11238520_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid11238520-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In some studies circulating IGFBP-3 also appears to be nutritionally regulated, although this may not be seen at the mRNA level. IGFBP-3 has been identified in human lymph, nipple aspirate, milk, amniotic fluid, follicular fluid, seminal plasma, urine, peritoneal dialysate, <a href="/wiki/Synovial_fluid" title="Synovial fluid">synovial fluid</a>, tear fluid, and cerebrospinal fluid, in addition to serum. </p><p>Many factors increase IGFBP-3 production by cells, including <a href="/wiki/Transforming_growth_factor-%CE%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="Transforming growth factor-β">transforming growth factor-β</a> (TGFβ), tumor necrosis factor-α, vitamin D, retinoic acid, IGF-1, and stimuli such as chemotherapy that activate the tumor suppressor p53.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid7566179_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid7566179-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Estrogen inhibits IGFBP-3 production, and its tissue levels are lower in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancers than in ER-negative cancers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Interactions">Interactions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IGFBP3&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Interactions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The main IGFBP-3 ligands in the circulation are IGF-1 and IGF-2, and the acid-labile subunit (ALS).<sup id="cite_ref-pmid2473065_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid2473065-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The serum proteins <a href="/wiki/Transferrin" title="Transferrin">transferrin</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-pmid11297622_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid11297622-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Fibronectin" title="Fibronectin">fibronectin</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-pmid11344214_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid11344214-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Plasminogen" class="mw-redirect" title="Plasminogen">plasminogen</a><sup id="cite_ref-pmid9688635_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid9688635-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are also known to bind IGFBP-3. In the cell and tissue environment many other interactions have been described (see Table). Two unrelated cell-surface proteins have been designated as IGFBP-3 receptors: low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (<a href="/wiki/LRP1" title="LRP1">LRP1</a>), also known as alpha-2-macroglobulin receptor or type V TGFβ receptor<sup id="cite_ref-pmid14597676_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid14597676-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the transmembrane protein <a href="/wiki/TMEM219" title="TMEM219">TMEM219</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid20353938_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid20353938-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both are believed to mediate antiproliferative effects. Functional interactions with the <a href="/wiki/EGF_receptor" class="mw-redirect" title="EGF receptor">EGF receptor</a> and the type I/type II <a href="/wiki/TGF_beta_receptors" class="mw-redirect" title="TGF beta receptors">TGFβ receptor</a> system have also been reported, and other cell-surface proteins such as proteoglycans also bind IGFBP-3. IGFBP-3 can enter cells by both clathrin-mediated and caveolin-mediated endocytosis.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid21520041_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid21520041-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> possibly involving the transferrin receptor.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid14576164_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid14576164-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>IGFBP-3 enters the cell nucleus by a mechanism that is incompletely understood, but involves its binding to <a href="/wiki/Importin" title="Importin">importin-β</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid10811646_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid10811646-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Within the nucleus, it can modulate <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_hormone_receptor" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear hormone receptor">nuclear hormone receptor</a> activity by direct binding to <a href="/wiki/Retinoid_X_receptor" title="Retinoid X receptor">retinoid X receptor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Retinoic_acid_receptor" title="Retinoic acid receptor">retinoic acid receptor</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-pmid10874028_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid10874028-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Vitamin_D_receptor" title="Vitamin D receptor">vitamin D receptor</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-pmid15026318_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid15026318-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/PPAR%CE%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="PPARγ">PPARγ</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-pmid19141684_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid19141684-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Nur77" class="mw-redirect" title="Nur77">nur77</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-pmid17434920_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid17434920-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> IGFBP-3 also interacts with DNA-dependent protein kinase within the nucleus to promote the repair of DNA damage.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid23178489_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid23178489-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cellular_actions">Cellular actions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IGFBP3&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Cellular actions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>IGFBP-3 exerts <a href="/wiki/Antiproliferative" class="mw-redirect" title="Antiproliferative">antiproliferative</a> effects in many cell types by blocking the ability of <a href="/wiki/IGF-1" class="mw-redirect" title="IGF-1">IGF-1</a> and <a href="/wiki/IGF-2" class="mw-redirect" title="IGF-2">IGF-2</a> to activate the <a href="/wiki/IGF1R" class="mw-redirect" title="IGF1R">IGF1R</a> (which stimulates cell proliferation). For example, in <a href="/wiki/Esophagus" title="Esophagus">esophageal</a> <a href="/wiki/Epithelial" class="mw-redirect" title="Epithelial">epithelial</a> cells, responsiveness to IGF-1 stimulation is suppressed by secreted IGFBP-3 and restored when IGFBP-3 is downregulated by <a href="/wiki/Epidermal_growth_factor" title="Epidermal growth factor">epidermal growth factor</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid16210470_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid16210470-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> IGFBP-3 can also inhibit cell function by mechanisms that are independent of effects on IGF1R signaling, even in cells that entirely lack IGF1R.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid7539889_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid7539889-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> IGF (or IGF1R) independent effects are commonly studied using mutant forms of IGFBP-3 with decreased IGF binding affinity. Thus, IGFBP-3-induced apoptosis in differentiating <a href="/wiki/Chondrocyte" title="Chondrocyte">chondrocyte</a> precursor cells is seen equally with a non-IGF binding IGFBP-3 mutant, demonstrating that the mechanism does not involve IGF binding.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid12697673_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid12697673-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> IGF1R-independent growth inhibition by IGFBP-3 may involve the induction of pro-apoptotic proteins such as <a href="/wiki/Bcl-2-associated_X_protein" class="mw-redirect" title="Bcl-2-associated X protein">Bax</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bcl-2-associated_death_promoter" title="Bcl-2-associated death promoter">Bad</a><sup id="cite_ref-pmid10998426_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid10998426-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and may be mediated by ceramides (pro-<a href="/wiki/Apoptotic" class="mw-redirect" title="Apoptotic">apoptotic</a> lipids),<sup id="cite_ref-pmid15247143_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid15247143-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or potentiate <a href="/wiki/Ceramide" title="Ceramide">ceramide</a> action<sup id="cite_ref-pmid9325280_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid9325280-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> IGFBP-3 interaction with nuclear hormone receptors may also lead to inhibition of cell proliferation. </p><p>Contrasting with the typical growth-inhibitory effects of IGFBP-3, stimulation of cell proliferation by IGFBP-3 has also been observed. This can occur either by enhancing IGF-stimulated proliferation<sup id="cite_ref-pmid8641177_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid8641177-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or in the absence of IGF-1. In endothelial cells and mammary epithelial cells, the stimulatory effect of IGFBP-3 has been shown to involve activation of the enzyme <a href="/wiki/Sphingosine_kinase" title="Sphingosine kinase">sphingosine kinase</a>, and generation of the bioactive lipid, <a href="/wiki/Sphingosine-1-phosphate" title="Sphingosine-1-phosphate">sphingosine-1-phosphate</a>, which promotes growth by transactivating the EGFR receptor.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid15247143_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid15247143-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid19633297_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid19633297-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Role_in_cancer">Role in cancer</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IGFBP3&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Role in cancer"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Based on cell growth experiments, animal cancer models, and <a href="/wiki/Epidemiological_studies" class="mw-redirect" title="Epidemiological studies">epidemiological studies</a>, it appears that IGFBP-3 functions as a low-<a href="/wiki/Penetrance" title="Penetrance">penetrance</a> <a href="/wiki/Tumor_suppressor" class="mw-redirect" title="Tumor suppressor">tumor suppressor</a> gene.<sup id="cite_ref-Jogie-Brahim_2009_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jogie-Brahim_2009-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dysregulation of IGFBP-3 has been implicated in many cancers.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid24722429_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid24722429-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Downregulation of its tissue expression by promoter <a href="/wiki/Hypermethylation" class="mw-redirect" title="Hypermethylation">hypermethylation</a> in some cancers, such as <a href="/wiki/Hepatoma" class="mw-redirect" title="Hepatoma">hepatoma</a><sup id="cite_ref-pmid11804742_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid11804742-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Non-small_cell_lung_cancer" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-small cell lung cancer">non-small cell lung cancer</a><sup id="cite_ref-pmid12473575_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid12473575-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> may be associated with poor patient outcome. However, consistent with the dual inhibitory and stimulatory roles of IGFBP-3 seen in cell culture, there are other cancer types, such as breast cancer,<sup id="cite_ref-pmid9842972_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid9842972-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid19414355_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid19414355-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> pancreatic cancer,<sup id="cite_ref-pmid18376307_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid18376307-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and clear cell <a href="/wiki/Renal_cell_cancer" class="mw-redirect" title="Renal cell cancer">renal cell cancer</a><sup id="cite_ref-pmid15753986_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid15753986-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in which high tissue IGFBP-3 expression has been linked to poor prognostic features or patient outcome. The mechanisms regulating these contrasting effects of IGFBP-3 in vivo are not well understood. </p><p>Since IGFBP-3 is abundant in the bloodstream of healthy adults (typically 2–4 mg/L), and is largely stabilized by its complex formation with IGFs and ALS, it is unlikely that tumor-derived IGFBP-3 has a large influence on circulating levels. There have been many studies linking circulating IGFBP-3 levels to the presence, or risk, of various cancers, or to patient outcomes.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid24722429_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid24722429-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but unequivocal conclusions have often been lacking. For example, high plasma IGFBP-3 levels were associated with a reduced prospective risk of colorectal cancer in women.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid10794477_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid10794477-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but in a study including men and women, colon cancer risk was positively associated with plasma IGFBP-3, while there was no significant association for rectal cancer.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid11950809_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid11950809-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A large systematic review concluded that circulating IGFBP-3 levels showed a modest association with increased risk for a number of cancers, but the results vary among sites.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid15110491_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid15110491-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>IGFBP-3 protein levels decrease during the progression of <a href="/wiki/Prostate_cancer" title="Prostate cancer">prostate cancer</a> from benign to metastatic disease<sup id="cite_ref-pmid10850457_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid10850457-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although production of the protein does not cease completely. IGFBP-3 is still made (at a lower level) by prostate cancer cells and secreted into the surrounding environment. However, instead of the full length, functional protein, IGFBP-3 is found to be cleaved.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid7520932_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid7520932-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This decreases the affinity of IGF binding to IGFBP-3, making the growth factors more likely to bind the IGF1R and promote cell survival. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Table:_IGFBP-3_binding_partners">Table: IGFBP-3 binding partners</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IGFBP3&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Table: IGFBP-3 binding partners"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>IGFBP3 has been shown to <a href="/wiki/Protein-protein_interaction" class="mw-redirect" title="Protein-protein interaction">interact</a> with: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ADAM12" title="ADAM12">ADAM12</a><sup id="cite_ref-pmid10849447_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid10849447-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid11095942_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid11095942-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ADAM28" title="ADAM28">ADAM28</a><sup id="cite_ref-pmid15013428_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid15013428-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collagen,_type_I,_alpha_1" title="Collagen, type I, alpha 1">COL1A1</a><sup id="cite_ref-pmid12735930_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid12735930-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fibronectin" title="Fibronectin">FN1</a><sup id="cite_ref-pmid11344214_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid11344214-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid12127836_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid12127836-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acid-labile_subunit_(ALS)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Acid-labile subunit (ALS) (page does not exist)">IGFALS</a><sup id="cite_ref-pmid2473065_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid2473065-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insulin-like_growth_factor_1" title="Insulin-like growth factor 1">IGF1</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-pmid3722172_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid3722172-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid11600567_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid11600567-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid1383255_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid1383255-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insulin-like_growth_factor_2" title="Insulin-like growth factor 2">IGF2</a><sup id="cite_ref-pmid3722172_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid3722172-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid11600567_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid11600567-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GRP78" class="mw-redirect" title="GRP78">HSPA5</a><sup id="cite_ref-pmid22751133_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid22751133-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanin" title="Humanin">Humanin</a><sup id="cite_ref-Ikonen2003_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ikonen2003-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plasmin" title="Plasmin">PLG</a><sup id="cite_ref-pmid9688635_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid9688635-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retinoid_X_receptor_alpha" title="Retinoid X receptor alpha">RXRA</a><sup id="cite_ref-pmid10874028_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid10874028-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transferrin" title="Transferrin">TF</a><sup id="cite_ref-pmid11297622_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid11297622-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid11749962_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid11749962-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Importin-beta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Importin-beta (page does not exist)">KPNB1</a><sup id="cite_ref-pmid10811646_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid10811646-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DNA-PKcs" title="DNA-PKcs">PRKDC</a><sup id="cite_ref-pmid23178489_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid23178489-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EGF_receptor" class="mw-redirect" title="EGF receptor">EGFR</a><sup id="cite_ref-pmid23178489_31-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid23178489-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LTBP1" class="mw-redirect" title="LTBP1">LTBP1</a><sup id="cite_ref-pmid12962157_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid12962157-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IGFBP3&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mecasermin_rinfabate" title="Mecasermin rinfabate">Mecasermin rinfabate</a>, Recombinant IGF-1 with IGFBP-3 used for a variety of indications.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IGFBP3&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice" role="presentation" style="margin: 0 10%; border: 1px solid #aaa; border-left: 10px solid #1e90ff; background: #fbfbfb;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/J.GENE.2015.06.028" title="Journal" rel="nofollow"><img alt="Journal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Journal_Icon.svg/48px-Journal_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="48" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Journal_Icon.svg/72px-Journal_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Journal_Icon.svg/96px-Journal_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="479" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">The 2014 version of this article was updated by an external expert under a dual publication model. The corresponding <a href="/wiki/Scholarly_peer_review" title="Scholarly peer review">academic peer reviewed</a> article was published in <i><b>Gene </b></i> and can be cited as:<br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation journal cs1">Baxter RC (10 September 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4496269">"Nuclear actions of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Gene_(journal)" title="Gene (journal)">Gene</a></i>. <b>569</b> (1): 7–13. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FJ.GENE.2015.06.028">10.1016/J.GENE.2015.06.028</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4496269">4496269</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26074086">26074086</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gene&rft.atitle=Nuclear+actions+of+insulin-like+growth+factor+binding+protein-3&rft.volume=569&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=7-13&rft.date=2015-09-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4496269%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F26074086&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FJ.GENE.2015.06.028&rft.aulast=Baxter&rft.aufirst=RC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4496269&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIGFBP3" class="Z3988"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IGFBP3&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 35em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-refGRCh38Ensembl-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-refGRCh38Ensembl_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-refGRCh38Ensembl_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-refGRCh38Ensembl_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://May2017.archive.ensembl.org/Homo_sapiens/Gene/Summary?db=core;g=ENSG00000146674">GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000146674</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ensembl_genome_database_project" title="Ensembl genome database project">Ensembl</a>, May 2017</span> 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"Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, IGF binding protein-3, and cancer risk: systematic review and meta-regression analysis". <i>Lancet</i>. <b>363</b> (9418): 1346–1353. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fs0140-6736%2804%2916044-3">10.1016/s0140-6736(04)16044-3</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15110491">15110491</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:25549626">25549626</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lancet&rft.atitle=Insulin-like+growth+factor+%28IGF%29-I%2C+IGF+binding+protein-3%2C+and+cancer+risk%3A+systematic+review+and+meta-regression+analysis&rft.volume=363&rft.issue=9418&rft.pages=1346-1353&rft.date=2004-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A25549626%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15110491&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fs0140-6736%2804%2916044-3&rft.aulast=Renehan&rft.aufirst=AG&rft.au=Zwahlen%2C+M&rft.au=Minder%2C+C&rft.au=O%27Dwyer%2C+ST&rft.au=Shalet%2C+SM&rft.au=Egger%2C+M&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIGFBP3" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid10850457-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pmid10850457_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiyakePollakGleave2000" class="citation journal cs1">Miyake H, Pollak M, Gleave ME (June 2000). "Castration-induced up-regulation of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-5 potentiates insulin-like growth factor-I activity and accelerates progression to androgen independence in prostate cancer models". <i>Cancer Research</i>. <b>60</b> (11): 3058–3064. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10850457">10850457</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+Research&rft.atitle=Castration-induced+up-regulation+of+insulin-like+growth+factor+binding+protein-5+potentiates+insulin-like+growth+factor-I+activity+and+accelerates+progression+to+androgen+independence+in+prostate+cancer+models&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=3058-3064&rft.date=2000-06&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F10850457&rft.aulast=Miyake&rft.aufirst=H&rft.au=Pollak%2C+M&rft.au=Gleave%2C+ME&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIGFBP3" class="Z3988"></span> For IGFBP-3 it refers to <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFigueroaDe_RaadTadlockSpeights1998" class="citation journal cs1">Figueroa JA, De Raad S, Tadlock L, Speights VO, Rinehart JJ (April 1998). "Differential expression of insulin-like growth factor binding proteins in high versus low Gleason score prostate cancer". <i>The Journal of Urology</i>. <b>159</b> (4): 1379–1383. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0022-5347%2801%2963620-6">10.1016/S0022-5347(01)63620-6</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9507888">9507888</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Urology&rft.atitle=Differential+expression+of+insulin-like+growth+factor+binding+proteins+in+high+versus+low+Gleason+score+prostate+cancer&rft.volume=159&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=1379-1383&rft.date=1998-04&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0022-5347%2801%2963620-6&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F9507888&rft.aulast=Figueroa&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.au=De+Raad%2C+S&rft.au=Tadlock%2C+L&rft.au=Speights%2C+VO&rft.au=Rinehart%2C+JJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIGFBP3" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid7520932-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pmid7520932_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBirnbaumWarePlymate1994" class="citation journal cs1">Birnbaum RS, Ware JL, Plymate SR (June 1994). "Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 expression and secretion by cultures of human prostate epithelial cells and stromal fibroblasts". <i>The Journal of Endocrinology</i>. <b>141</b> (3): 535–540. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1677%2Fjoe.0.1410535">10.1677/joe.0.1410535</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7520932">7520932</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Endocrinology&rft.atitle=Insulin-like+growth+factor-binding+protein-3+expression+and+secretion+by+cultures+of+human+prostate+epithelial+cells+and+stromal+fibroblasts&rft.volume=141&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=535-540&rft.date=1994-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1677%2Fjoe.0.1410535&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F7520932&rft.aulast=Birnbaum&rft.aufirst=RS&rft.au=Ware%2C+JL&rft.au=Plymate%2C+SR&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIGFBP3" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid10849447-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pmid10849447_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShiXuLoechelWewer2000" class="citation journal cs1">Shi Z, Xu W, Loechel F, Wewer UM, Murphy LJ (June 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.M002172200">"ADAM 12, a disintegrin metalloprotease, interacts with insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3"</a>. <i>The Journal of Biological Chemistry</i>. <b>275</b> (24): 18574–18580. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.M002172200">10.1074/jbc.M002172200</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10849447">10849447</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Biological+Chemistry&rft.atitle=ADAM+12%2C+a+disintegrin+metalloprotease%2C+interacts+with+insulin-like+growth+factor-binding+protein-3&rft.volume=275&rft.issue=24&rft.pages=18574-18580&rft.date=2000-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1074%2Fjbc.M002172200&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F10849447&rft.aulast=Shi&rft.aufirst=Z&rft.au=Xu%2C+W&rft.au=Loechel%2C+F&rft.au=Wewer%2C+UM&rft.au=Murphy%2C+LJ&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1074%252Fjbc.M002172200&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIGFBP3" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid11095942-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pmid11095942_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLoechelFoxMurphyAlbrechtsen2000" class="citation journal cs1">Loechel F, Fox JW, Murphy G, Albrechtsen R, Wewer UM (November 2000). "ADAM 12-S cleaves IGFBP-3 and IGFBP-5 and is inhibited by TIMP-3". <i>Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications</i>. <b>278</b> (3): 511–515. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1006%2Fbbrc.2000.3835">10.1006/bbrc.2000.3835</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11095942">11095942</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochemical+and+Biophysical+Research+Communications&rft.atitle=ADAM+12-S+cleaves+IGFBP-3+and+IGFBP-5+and+is+inhibited+by+TIMP-3&rft.volume=278&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=511-515&rft.date=2000-11&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1006%2Fbbrc.2000.3835&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11095942&rft.aulast=Loechel&rft.aufirst=F&rft.au=Fox%2C+JW&rft.au=Murphy%2C+G&rft.au=Albrechtsen%2C+R&rft.au=Wewer%2C+UM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIGFBP3" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid15013428-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pmid15013428_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMochizukiShimodaShiomiFujii2004" class="citation journal cs1">Mochizuki S, Shimoda M, Shiomi T, Fujii Y, Okada Y (February 2004). "ADAM28 is activated by MMP-7 (matrilysin-1) and cleaves insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3". <i>Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications</i>. <b>315</b> (1): 79–84. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.bbrc.2004.01.022">10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.01.022</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15013428">15013428</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochemical+and+Biophysical+Research+Communications&rft.atitle=ADAM28+is+activated+by+MMP-7+%28matrilysin-1%29+and+cleaves+insulin-like+growth+factor+binding+protein-3&rft.volume=315&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=79-84&rft.date=2004-02&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.bbrc.2004.01.022&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15013428&rft.aulast=Mochizuki&rft.aufirst=S&rft.au=Shimoda%2C+M&rft.au=Shiomi%2C+T&rft.au=Fujii%2C+Y&rft.au=Okada%2C+Y&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIGFBP3" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid12735930-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pmid12735930_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLiuWeinzimerGibsonMascarenhas2003" class="citation journal cs1">Liu B, Weinzimer SA, Gibson TB, Mascarenhas D, Cohen P (2003). "Type Ialpha collagen is an IGFBP-3 binding protein". <i>Growth Hormone & IGF Research</i>. <b>13</b> (2–3): 89–97. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS1096-6374%2803%2900007-8">10.1016/S1096-6374(03)00007-8</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12735930">12735930</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Growth+Hormone+%26+IGF+Research&rft.atitle=Type+Ialpha+collagen+is+an+IGFBP-3+binding+protein&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=2%E2%80%933&rft.pages=89-97&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS1096-6374%2803%2900007-8&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12735930&rft.aulast=Liu&rft.aufirst=B&rft.au=Weinzimer%2C+SA&rft.au=Gibson%2C+TB&rft.au=Mascarenhas%2C+D&rft.au=Cohen%2C+P&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIGFBP3" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid12127836-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pmid12127836_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartinMillerScherbLembke2002" class="citation journal cs1">Martin JA, Miller BA, Scherb MB, Lembke LA, Buckwalter JA (July 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1053%2Fjoca.2002.0791">"Co-localization of insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 and fibronectin in human articular cartilage"</a>. <i>Osteoarthritis and Cartilage</i>. <b>10</b> (7): 556–563. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1053%2Fjoca.2002.0791">10.1053/joca.2002.0791</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12127836">12127836</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Osteoarthritis+and+Cartilage&rft.atitle=Co-localization+of+insulin-like+growth+factor+binding+protein+3+and+fibronectin+in+human+articular+cartilage&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=556-563&rft.date=2002-07&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1053%2Fjoca.2002.0791&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12127836&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.au=Miller%2C+BA&rft.au=Scherb%2C+MB&rft.au=Lembke%2C+LA&rft.au=Buckwalter%2C+JA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1053%252Fjoca.2002.0791&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIGFBP3" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid11600567-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pmid11600567_57-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pmid11600567_57-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hormone+Research&rft.atitle=Insulin-like+growth+factor+binding+proteins%3A+new+proteins%2C+new+functions&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=53-67&rft.date=1999&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A2710234%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F10352394&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1159%2F000023315&rft.aulast=Ferry&rft.aufirst=RJ&rft.au=Cerri%2C+RW&rft.au=Cohen%2C+P&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIGFBP3" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchedlichGraham2002" class="citation journal cs1">Schedlich LJ, Graham LD (October 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fjemt.10173">"Role of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 in breast cancer cell growth"</a>. <i>Microscopy Research and Technique</i>. <b>59</b> (1): 12–22. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fjemt.10173">10.1002/jemt.10173</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12242693">12242693</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:25082403">25082403</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Microscopy+Research+and+Technique&rft.atitle=Role+of+insulin-like+growth+factor+binding+protein-3+in+breast+cancer+cell+growth&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=12-22&rft.date=2002-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A25082403%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12242693&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fjemt.10173&rft.aulast=Schedlich&rft.aufirst=LJ&rft.au=Graham%2C+LD&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.10173&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIGFBP3" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Template:Carrier_proteins" title="Template:Carrier proteins"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Carrier_proteins" title="Template talk:Carrier proteins"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Carrier_proteins" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Carrier proteins"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Proteins:_carrier_proteins" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Protein" title="Protein">Proteins</a>: <a href="/wiki/Carrier_protein" class="mw-redirect" title="Carrier protein">carrier proteins</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite"><a href="/wiki/Fatty_acid-binding_protein" title="Fatty acid-binding protein">Fatty acid</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/FABP1" title="FABP1">FABP1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FABP2" title="FABP2">FABP2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heart-type_fatty_acid_binding_protein" title="Heart-type fatty acid binding protein">FABP3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adipocyte_protein_2" title="Adipocyte protein 2">FABP4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FABP5" title="FABP5">FABP5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FABP6" title="FABP6">FABP6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FABP7" title="FABP7">FABP7</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite">Hormone</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peptide_hormone" title="Peptide hormone">peptide hormone</a>: <a href="/wiki/Follistatin" title="Follistatin">Follistatin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Growth_hormone-binding_protein" title="Growth hormone-binding protein">Growth hormone binding protein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insulin-like_growth_factor-binding_protein" title="Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein">Insulin-like growth factor binding protein</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IGFBP1" title="IGFBP1">IGFBP1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IGFBP2" title="IGFBP2">IGFBP2</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">IGFBP3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IGFBP4" title="IGFBP4">IGFBP4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IGFBP5" title="IGFBP5">IGFBP5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IGFBP6" title="IGFBP6">IGFBP6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IGFBP7" title="IGFBP7">IGFBP7</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neurophysins" title="Neurophysins">Neurophysins</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neurophysin_I" title="Neurophysin I">Neurophysin I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neurophysin_II" title="Neurophysin II">II</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Steroid_hormone" title="Steroid hormone">steroid hormone</a>: <a href="/wiki/Sex_hormone-binding_globulin" title="Sex hormone-binding globulin">Sex hormone binding globulin</a>/<a href="/wiki/Androgen-binding_protein" class="mw-redirect" title="Androgen-binding protein">Androgen binding protein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transcortin" title="Transcortin">Transcortin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thyroxine-binding_globulin" title="Thyroxine-binding globulin">Thyroxine-binding globulin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transthyretin" title="Transthyretin">Transthyretin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite">Metal/element</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>calcium</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calcium-binding_protein" title="Calcium-binding protein">Calcium-binding protein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calmodulin-binding_proteins" title="Calmodulin-binding proteins">Calmodulin-binding proteins</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>copper</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ceruloplasmin" title="Ceruloplasmin">Ceruloplasmin</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>iron</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iron-binding_proteins" title="Iron-binding proteins">Iron-binding proteins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transferrin_receptor" title="Transferrin receptor">Transferrin receptor</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite">Vitamin</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Retinol_binding_protein" class="mw-redirect" title="Retinol binding protein">Retinol binding protein</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RBP1" title="RBP1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RBP2" title="RBP2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RBP3" title="RBP3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retinol_binding_protein_4" title="Retinol binding protein 4">4</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transcobalamin" title="Transcobalamin">Transcobalamin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite"><a href="/wiki/Biological_pigment" title="Biological pigment">Pigment</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Light-harvesting_complexes_of_green_plants" title="Light-harvesting complexes of green plants">Plant Light-Harvesting Complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_carotenoid_N-terminal_domain" title="Orange carotenoid N-terminal domain">Orange Carotenoid Protein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phycobiliprotein" title="Phycobiliprotein">Phycobiliprotein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photosynthetic_reaction_centre_protein_family" title="Photosynthetic reaction centre protein family">Photosynthetic Reaction Centers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phytochrome" title="Phytochrome">Phytochrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhodopsin" title="Rhodopsin">Rhodopsin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acyl_carrier_protein" title="Acyl carrier protein">Acyl carrier protein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Signal_transducing_adaptor_protein" title="Signal transducing adaptor protein">Adaptor protein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cholesterylester_transfer_protein" class="mw-redirect" title="Cholesterylester transfer protein">Cholesterylester transfer protein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F-box_protein" title="F-box protein">F-box protein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G_protein" title="G protein">GTP-binding protein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latent_TGF-beta_binding_protein" title="Latent TGF-beta binding protein">Latent TGF-beta binding protein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_urinary_proteins" title="Major urinary proteins">Major urinary proteins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Membrane_transport_protein" title="Membrane transport protein">Membrane transport protein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odorant_binding_protein" class="mw-redirect" title="Odorant binding protein">Odorant binding protein</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Growth_factor_receptor_modulators" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Growth_factor_receptor_modulators" title="Template:Growth factor receptor modulators"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Growth_factor_receptor_modulators" title="Template talk:Growth factor receptor modulators"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Growth_factor_receptor_modulators" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Growth factor receptor modulators"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Growth_factor_receptor_modulators" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Growth_factor_receptor" title="Growth factor receptor">Growth factor receptor</a> <a href="/wiki/Receptor_modulator" title="Receptor modulator">modulators</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Angiopoietin_receptor" title="Angiopoietin receptor">Angiopoietin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/Angiopoietin_1" title="Angiopoietin 1">Angiopoietin 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angiopoietin_4" class="mw-redirect" title="Angiopoietin 4">Angiopoietin 4</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antagonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/Angiopoietin_2" class="mw-redirect" title="Angiopoietin 2">Angiopoietin 2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angiopoietin_3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Angiopoietin 3 (page does not exist)">Angiopoietin 3</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Kinase inhibitors:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Altiratinib&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Altiratinib (page does not exist)">Altiratinib</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CE-245677&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CE-245677 (page does not exist)">CE-245677</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebastinib" class="mw-redirect" title="Rebastinib">Rebastinib</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antibodies:</i> <a href="/wiki/Evinacumab" title="Evinacumab">Evinacumab</a> (against angiopoietin 3)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nesvacumab" title="Nesvacumab">Nesvacumab</a> (against angiopoietin 2)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Ciliary_neurotrophic_factor_receptor" title="Ciliary neurotrophic factor receptor">CNTF</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/Axokine" class="mw-redirect" title="Axokine">Axokine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciliary_neurotrophic_factor_receptor" title="Ciliary neurotrophic factor receptor">CNTF</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dapiclermin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dapiclermin (page does not exist)">Dapiclermin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Epidermal_growth_factor_receptor" title="Epidermal growth factor receptor">EGF (ErbB)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Epidermal_growth_factor_receptor" title="Epidermal growth factor receptor">EGF<br /><small>(ErbB1/HER1)</small></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists</i>: <a href="/wiki/Amphiregulin" title="Amphiregulin">Amphiregulin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betacellulin" title="Betacellulin">Betacellulin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epidermal_growth_factor" title="Epidermal growth factor">EGF (urogastrone)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epigen" title="Epigen">Epigen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epiregulin" title="Epiregulin">Epiregulin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heparin-binding_EGF-like_growth_factor" title="Heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor">Heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murodermin" title="Murodermin">Murodermin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepidermin" title="Nepidermin">Nepidermin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transforming_growth_factor_alpha" class="mw-redirect" title="Transforming growth factor alpha">Transforming growth factor alpha (TGFα)</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Kinase inhibitors:</i> <a href="/wiki/Afatinib" title="Afatinib">Afatinib</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agerafenib&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agerafenib (page does not exist)">Agerafenib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brigatinib" title="Brigatinib">Brigatinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canertinib" title="Canertinib">Canertinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dacomitinib" title="Dacomitinib">Dacomitinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erlotinib" title="Erlotinib">Erlotinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gefitinib" title="Gefitinib">Gefitinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grandinin" title="Grandinin">Grandinin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icotinib" title="Icotinib">Icotinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lapatinib" title="Lapatinib">Lapatinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neratinib" title="Neratinib">Neratinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osimertinib" title="Osimertinib">Osimertinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vandetanib" title="Vandetanib">Vandetanib</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHI-P_154&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="WHI-P 154 (page does not exist)">WHI-P 154</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antibodies:</i> <a href="/wiki/Cetuximab" title="Cetuximab">Cetuximab</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Depatuxizumab&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Depatuxizumab (page does not exist)">Depatuxizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Depatuxizumab_mafodotin" title="Depatuxizumab mafodotin">Depatuxizumab mafodotin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Futuximab" title="Futuximab">Futuximab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imgatuzumab" title="Imgatuzumab">Imgatuzumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matuzumab" title="Matuzumab">Matuzumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Necitumumab" title="Necitumumab">Necitumumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimotuzumab" title="Nimotuzumab">Nimotuzumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panitumumab" title="Panitumumab">Panitumumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zalutumumab" title="Zalutumumab">Zalutumumab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/HER2/neu" class="mw-redirect" title="HER2/neu">ErbB2/HER2</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists</i>: <i>Unknown/none</i></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antibodies:</i> <a href="/wiki/Ertumaxomab" title="Ertumaxomab">Ertumaxomab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pertuzumab" title="Pertuzumab">Pertuzumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trastuzumab" title="Trastuzumab">Trastuzumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trastuzumab_deruxtecan" title="Trastuzumab deruxtecan">Trastuzumab deruxtecan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trastuzumab_duocarmazine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trastuzumab duocarmazine (page does not exist)">Trastuzumab duocarmazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trastuzumab_emtansine" title="Trastuzumab emtansine">Trastuzumab emtansine</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Kinase inhibitors:</i> <a href="/wiki/Afatinib" title="Afatinib">Afatinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lapatinib" title="Lapatinib">Lapatinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mubritinib" title="Mubritinib">Mubritinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neratinib" title="Neratinib">Neratinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tucatinib" title="Tucatinib">Tucatinib</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/HER3" class="mw-redirect" title="HER3">ErbB3/HER3</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/Neuregulin" title="Neuregulin">Neuregulins (heregulins)</a> (<a href="/wiki/Neuregulin-1" class="mw-redirect" title="Neuregulin-1">1</a>, <a href="/wiki/NRG2" class="mw-redirect" title="NRG2">2</a>, <a href="/wiki/CSPG5" title="CSPG5">6 (neuroglycan C)</a>)</li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antibodies:</i> <a href="/wiki/Duligotumab" class="mw-redirect" title="Duligotumab">Duligotumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patritumab" title="Patritumab">Patritumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seribantumab" title="Seribantumab">Seribantumab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/HER4" class="mw-redirect" title="HER4">ErbB4/HER4</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/Betacellulin" title="Betacellulin">Betacellulin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epigen" title="Epigen">Epigen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heparin-binding_EGF-like_growth_factor" title="Heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor">Heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuregulin" title="Neuregulin">Neuregulins (heregulins)</a> (<a href="/wiki/Neuregulin-1" class="mw-redirect" title="Neuregulin-1">1</a>, <a href="/wiki/NRG2" class="mw-redirect" title="NRG2">2</a>, <a href="/wiki/NRG3" class="mw-redirect" title="NRG3">3</a>, <a href="/wiki/NRG4" class="mw-redirect" title="NRG4">4</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tomoregulin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tomoregulin (page does not exist)">5 (tomoregulin, TMEFF)</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Fibroblast_growth_factor_receptor" title="Fibroblast growth factor receptor">FGF</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Fibroblast_growth_factor_receptor_1" title="Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1">FGFR1</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ersofermin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ersofermin (page does not exist)">Ersofermin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fibroblast_growth_factor" title="Fibroblast growth factor">FGF</a> (<a href="/wiki/FGF1" class="mw-redirect" title="FGF1">1</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF2" class="mw-redirect" title="FGF2">2 (bFGF)</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF3" title="FGF3">3</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF4" title="FGF4">4</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF5" title="FGF5">5</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF6" title="FGF6">6</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF8" class="mw-redirect" title="FGF8">8</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF10" title="FGF10">10 (KGF2)</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF20" title="FGF20">20</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Repifermin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Repifermin (page does not exist)">Repifermin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selpercatinib" title="Selpercatinib">Selpercatinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trafermin" title="Trafermin">Trafermin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Velafermin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Velafermin (page does not exist)">Velafermin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Fibroblast_growth_factor_receptor_2" title="Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2">FGFR2</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ersofermin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ersofermin (page does not exist)">Ersofermin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fibroblast_growth_factor" title="Fibroblast growth factor">FGF</a> (<a href="/wiki/FGF1" class="mw-redirect" title="FGF1">1</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF2" class="mw-redirect" title="FGF2">2 (bFGF)</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF3" title="FGF3">3</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF4" title="FGF4">4</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF5" title="FGF5">5</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF6" title="FGF6">6</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF7" title="FGF7">7</a> (<a href="/wiki/Keratinocyte_growth_factor" title="Keratinocyte growth factor">KGF</a>), <a href="/wiki/FGF8" class="mw-redirect" title="FGF8">8</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF9" title="FGF9">9</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF10" title="FGF10">10 (KGF2)</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF17" title="FGF17">17</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF18" title="FGF18">18</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF22" title="FGF22">22</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palifermin" title="Palifermin">Palifermin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Repifermin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Repifermin (page does not exist)">Repifermin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selpercatinib" title="Selpercatinib">Selpercatinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sprifermin" title="Sprifermin">Sprifermin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trafermin" title="Trafermin">Trafermin</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antibodies:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aprutumab&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aprutumab (page does not exist)">Aprutumab</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aprutumab_ixadotin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aprutumab ixadotin (page does not exist)">Aprutumab ixadotin</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Kinase inhibitors:</i> <a href="/wiki/Infigratinib" title="Infigratinib">Infigratinib</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Fibroblast_growth_factor_receptor_3" title="Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3">FGFR3</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ersofermin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ersofermin (page does not exist)">Ersofermin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fibroblast_growth_factor" title="Fibroblast growth factor">FGF</a> (<a href="/wiki/FGF1" class="mw-redirect" title="FGF1">1</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF2" class="mw-redirect" title="FGF2">2 (bFGF)</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF4" title="FGF4">4</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF8" class="mw-redirect" title="FGF8">8</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF9" title="FGF9">9</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF18" title="FGF18">18</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF23" class="mw-redirect" title="FGF23">23</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selpercatinib" title="Selpercatinib">Selpercatinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sprifermin" title="Sprifermin">Sprifermin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trafermin" title="Trafermin">Trafermin</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antibodies:</i> <a href="/wiki/Burosumab" title="Burosumab">Burosumab</a> (against FGF23)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Fibroblast_growth_factor_receptor_4" title="Fibroblast growth factor receptor 4">FGFR4</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ersofermin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ersofermin (page does not exist)">Ersofermin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fibroblast_growth_factor" title="Fibroblast growth factor">FGF</a> (<a href="/wiki/FGF1" class="mw-redirect" title="FGF1">1</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF2" class="mw-redirect" title="FGF2">2 (bFGF)</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF4" title="FGF4">4</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF6" title="FGF6">6</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF8" class="mw-redirect" title="FGF8">8</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF9" title="FGF9">9</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF19" title="FGF19">19</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trafermin" title="Trafermin">Trafermin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Unsorted</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/FGF15/19" title="FGF15/19">FGF15/19</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Hepatocyte_growth_factor_receptor" title="Hepatocyte growth factor receptor">HGF (c-Met)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists</i>: <a href="/wiki/Fosgonimeton" title="Fosgonimeton">Fosgonimeton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hepatocyte_growth_factor" title="Hepatocyte growth factor">Hepatocyte growth factor</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Potentiators:</i> <a href="/wiki/Dihexa" title="Dihexa">Dihexa (PNB-0408)</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Kinase inhibitors:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Altiratinib&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Altiratinib (page does not exist)">Altiratinib</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AM7_(drug)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AM7 (drug) (page does not exist)">AM7</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AMG-458&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AMG-458 (page does not exist)">AMG-458</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amuvatinib&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amuvatinib (page does not exist)">Amuvatinib</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=BMS-777607&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BMS-777607 (page does not exist)">BMS-777607</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabozantinib" title="Cabozantinib">Cabozantinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capmatinib" title="Capmatinib">Capmatinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crizotinib" title="Crizotinib">Crizotinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foretinib" title="Foretinib">Foretinib</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Golvatinib&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Golvatinib (page does not exist)">Golvatinib</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=INCB28060&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="INCB28060 (page does not exist)">INCB28060</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JNJ-38877605&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JNJ-38877605 (page does not exist)">JNJ-38877605</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K252a" title="K252a">K252a</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MK-2461&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MK-2461 (page does not exist)">MK-2461</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=PF-04217903&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PF-04217903 (page does not exist)">PF-04217903</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=PF-2341066&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PF-2341066 (page does not exist)">PF-2341066</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=PHA-665752&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PHA-665752 (page does not exist)">PHA-665752</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SU-11274&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SU-11274 (page does not exist)">SU-11274</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tivantinib" title="Tivantinib">Tivantinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volitinib" class="mw-redirect" title="Volitinib">Volitinib</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antibodies:</i> <a href="/wiki/Emibetuzumab" title="Emibetuzumab">Emibetuzumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ficlatuzumab" title="Ficlatuzumab">Ficlatuzumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flanvotumab" title="Flanvotumab">Flanvotumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onartuzumab" title="Onartuzumab">Onartuzumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rilotumumab" title="Rilotumumab">Rilotumumab</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telisotuzumab&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telisotuzumab (page does not exist)">Telisotuzumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telisotuzumab_vedotin" title="Telisotuzumab vedotin">Telisotuzumab vedotin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Somatomedin_receptor" title="Somatomedin receptor">IGF</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Insulin-like_growth_factor_1_receptor" title="Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor">IGF-1</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists</i>: <a href="/wiki/Des(1-3)IGF-1" title="Des(1-3)IGF-1">des(1-3)IGF-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insulin-like_growth_factor_1" title="Insulin-like growth factor 1">Insulin-like growth factor-1 (somatomedin C)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IGF-1_LR3" title="IGF-1 LR3">IGF-1 LR3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insulin-like_growth_factor_2" title="Insulin-like growth factor 2">Insulin-like growth factor-2 (somatomedin A)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insulin" title="Insulin">Insulin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mecasermin" title="Mecasermin">Mecasermin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mecasermin_rinfabate" title="Mecasermin rinfabate">Mecasermin rinfabate</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Kinase inhibitors:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=BMS-754807&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BMS-754807 (page does not exist)">BMS-754807</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linsitinib" title="Linsitinib">Linsitinib</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=NVP-ADW742&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NVP-ADW742 (page does not exist)">NVP-ADW742</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=NVP-AEW541&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NVP-AEW541 (page does not exist)">NVP-AEW541</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OSl-906&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OSl-906 (page does not exist)">OSl-906</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antibodies:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=AVE-1642&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AVE-1642 (page does not exist)">AVE-1642</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cixutumumab" title="Cixutumumab">Cixutumumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalotuzumab" title="Dalotuzumab">Dalotuzumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Figitumumab" title="Figitumumab">Figitumumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganitumab" title="Ganitumab">Ganitumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robatumumab" title="Robatumumab">Robatumumab</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=R1507&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="R1507 (page does not exist)">R1507</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teprotumumab" title="Teprotumumab">Teprotumumab</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xentuzumab&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xentuzumab (page does not exist)">Xentuzumab</a> (against IGF-1 and IGF-2)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Insulin-like_growth_factor_2_receptor" title="Insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor">IGF-2</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists</i>: <a href="/wiki/Insulin-like_growth_factor_2" title="Insulin-like growth factor 2">Insulin-like growth factor-2 (somatomedin A)</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antibodies:</i> <a href="/wiki/Dusigitumab" title="Dusigitumab">Dusigitumab</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xentuzumab&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xentuzumab (page does not exist)">Xentuzumab</a> (against IGF-1 and IGF-2)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Binding proteins:</i> <a href="/wiki/Insulin-like_growth_factor-binding_protein" title="Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein">IGFBP</a> (<a href="/wiki/IGFBP1" title="IGFBP1">1</a>, <a href="/wiki/IGFBP2" title="IGFBP2">2</a>, <a class="mw-selflink selflink">3</a>, <a href="/wiki/IGFBP4" title="IGFBP4">4</a>, <a href="/wiki/IGFBP5" title="IGFBP5">5</a>, <a href="/wiki/IGFBP6" title="IGFBP6">6</a>, <a href="/wiki/IGFBP7" title="IGFBP7">7</a>)</li></ul> <ul><li><i>Cleavage products/derivatives with unknown target:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Glypromate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glypromate (page does not exist)">Glypromate (GPE, (1-3)IGF-1)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trofinetide" title="Trofinetide">Trofinetide</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Low-affinity_nerve_growth_factor_receptor" title="Low-affinity nerve growth factor receptor">LNGF (p75<sup>NTR</sup>)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/Brain-derived_neurotrophic_factor" title="Brain-derived neurotrophic factor">BDNF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BNN-20" title="BNN-20">BNN-20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BNN-27" title="BNN-27">BNN-27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cenegermin" title="Cenegermin">Cenegermin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehydroepiandrosterone" title="Dehydroepiandrosterone">DHEA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehydroepiandrosterone_sulfate" title="Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate">DHEA-S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nerve_growth_factor" title="Nerve growth factor">NGF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neurotrophin-3" title="Neurotrophin-3">NT-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neurotrophin-4" title="Neurotrophin-4">NT-4</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antagonists:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=ALE-0540&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ALE-0540 (page does not exist)">ALE-0540</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dexamethasone" title="Dexamethasone">Dexamethasone</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=EVT-901&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="EVT-901 (page does not exist)">EVT-901 (SAR-127963)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Testosterone" title="Testosterone">Testosterone</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antibodies:</i> <i>Against NGF:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=ABT-110&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ABT-110 (page does not exist)">ABT-110 (PG110)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ASP-6294&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ASP-6294 (page does not exist)">ASP-6294</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fasinumab" title="Fasinumab">Fasinumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frunevetmab" title="Frunevetmab">Frunevetmab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulranumab" title="Fulranumab">Fulranumab</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MEDI-578&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MEDI-578 (page does not exist)">MEDI-578</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ranevetmab&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ranevetmab (page does not exist)">Ranevetmab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanezumab" title="Tanezumab">Tanezumab</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Aptamers:</i> <i>Against NGF:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=RBM-004&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RBM-004 (page does not exist)">RBM-004</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Decoy receptors:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=LEVI-04&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LEVI-04 (page does not exist)">LEVI-04 (p75<sup>NTR</sup>-Fc)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Platelet-derived_growth_factor_receptor" title="Platelet-derived growth factor receptor">PDGF</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/Becaplermin" title="Becaplermin">Becaplermin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platelet-derived_growth_factor" title="Platelet-derived growth factor">Platelet-derived growth factor</a> (<a href="/wiki/PDGFA" title="PDGFA">A</a>, <a href="/wiki/PDGFB" title="PDGFB">B</a>, <a href="/wiki/PDGFC" title="PDGFC">C</a>, <a href="/wiki/PDGFD" title="PDGFD">D</a>)</li></ul> <ul><li><i>Kinase inhibitors:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Agerafenib&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agerafenib (page does not exist)">Agerafenib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avapritinib" title="Avapritinib">Avapritinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axitinib" title="Axitinib">Axitinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crenolanib" title="Crenolanib">Crenolanib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imatinib" title="Imatinib">Imatinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lenvatinib" title="Lenvatinib">Lenvatinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masitinib" title="Masitinib">Masitinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motesanib" title="Motesanib">Motesanib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nintedanib" title="Nintedanib">Nintedanib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pazopanib" title="Pazopanib">Pazopanib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radotinib" title="Radotinib">Radotinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quizartinib" title="Quizartinib">Quizartinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ripretinib" title="Ripretinib">Ripretinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunitinib" title="Sunitinib">Sunitinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorafenib" title="Sorafenib">Sorafenib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toceranib" title="Toceranib">Toceranib</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antibodies:</i> <a href="/wiki/Olaratumab" title="Olaratumab">Olaratumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramucirumab" title="Ramucirumab">Ramucirumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tovetumab" title="Tovetumab">Tovetumab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/RET_proto-oncogene" title="RET proto-oncogene">RET (GFL)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/GFR%CE%B11" class="mw-redirect" title="GFRα1">GFRα1</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/Glial_cell_line-derived_neurotrophic_factor" title="Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor">Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liatermin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liatermin (page does not exist)">Liatermin</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Kinase inhibitors:</i> <a href="/wiki/Vandetanib" title="Vandetanib">Vandetanib</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/GFR%CE%B12" class="mw-redirect" title="GFRα2">GFRα2</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/Neurturin" title="Neurturin">Neurturin (NRTN)</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Kinase inhibitors:</i> <a href="/wiki/Vandetanib" title="Vandetanib">Vandetanib</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/GFR%CE%B13" class="mw-redirect" title="GFRα3">GFRα3</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/Artemin" title="Artemin">Artemin (ARTN)</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Kinase inhibitors:</i> <a href="/wiki/Vandetanib" title="Vandetanib">Vandetanib</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/GFR%CE%B14" class="mw-redirect" title="GFRα4">GFRα4</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/Persephin" title="Persephin">Persephin (PSPN)</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Kinase inhibitors:</i> <a href="/wiki/Vandetanib" title="Vandetanib">Vandetanib</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Unsorted</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Kinase inhibitors:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Agerafenib&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agerafenib (page does not exist)">Agerafenib</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/CD117" class="mw-redirect" title="CD117">SCF (c-Kit)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/Ancestim" title="Ancestim">Ancestim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stem_cell_factor" title="Stem cell factor">Stem cell factor</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Kinase inhibitors:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Agerafenib&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agerafenib (page does not exist)">Agerafenib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axitinib" title="Axitinib">Axitinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dasatinib" title="Dasatinib">Dasatinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imatinib" title="Imatinib">Imatinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masitinib" title="Masitinib">Masitinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nilotinib" title="Nilotinib">Nilotinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pazopanib" title="Pazopanib">Pazopanib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quizartinib" title="Quizartinib">Quizartinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorafenib" title="Sorafenib">Sorafenib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunitinib" title="Sunitinib">Sunitinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toceranib" title="Toceranib">Toceranib</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Transforming_growth_factor_beta_receptor" class="mw-redirect" title="Transforming growth factor beta receptor">TGFβ</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>See <a href="/wiki/Template:TGF%CE%B2_receptor_superfamily_modulators" title="Template:TGFβ receptor superfamily modulators">here</a> instead.</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Trk_receptor" title="Trk receptor">Trk</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/TrkA_receptor" class="mw-redirect" title="TrkA receptor">TrkA</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/Amitriptyline" title="Amitriptyline">Amitriptyline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BNN-20" title="BNN-20">BNN-20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BNN-27" title="BNN-27">BNN-27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cenegermin" title="Cenegermin">Cenegermin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehydroepiandrosterone" title="Dehydroepiandrosterone">DHEA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehydroepiandrosterone_sulfate" title="Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate">DHEA-S</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gambogic_amide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gambogic amide (page does not exist)">Gambogic amide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nerve_growth_factor" title="Nerve growth factor">NGF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tavilermide" title="Tavilermide">Tavilermide</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antagonists:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=ALE-0540&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ALE-0540 (page does not exist)">ALE-0540</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dexamethasone" title="Dexamethasone">Dexamethasone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FX007" class="mw-redirect" title="FX007">FX007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Testosterone" title="Testosterone">Testosterone</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Negative allosteric modulators:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=VM-902A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="VM-902A (page does not exist)">VM-902A</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Kinase inhibitors:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Altiratinib&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Altiratinib (page does not exist)">Altiratinib</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AZD-6918&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AZD-6918 (page does not exist)">AZD-6918</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CE-245677&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CE-245677 (page does not exist)">CE-245677</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CH-7057288&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CH-7057288 (page does not exist)">CH-7057288</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=DS-6051&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DS-6051 (page does not exist)">DS-6051</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entrectinib" title="Entrectinib">Entrectinib</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=GZ-389988&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GZ-389988 (page does not exist)">GZ-389988</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K252a" title="K252a">K252a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larotrectinib" title="Larotrectinib">Larotrectinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lestaurtinib" title="Lestaurtinib">Lestaurtinib</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Milciclib&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Milciclib (page does not exist)">Milciclib</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ONO-4474&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ONO-4474 (page does not exist)">ONO-4474</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ONO-5390556&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ONO-5390556 (page does not exist)">ONO-5390556</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=PLX-7486&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PLX-7486 (page does not exist)">PLX-7486</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebastinib" class="mw-redirect" title="Rebastinib">Rebastinib</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SNA-120&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SNA-120 (page does not exist)">SNA-120 (pegylated K252a)</a>)</li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antibodies:</i> <i>Against TrkA:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=GBR-900&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GBR-900 (page does not exist)">GBR-900</a>; <i>Against NGF:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=ABT-110&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ABT-110 (page does not exist)">ABT-110 (PG110)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ASP-6294&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ASP-6294 (page does not exist)">ASP-6294</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fasinumab" title="Fasinumab">Fasinumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frunevetmab" title="Frunevetmab">Frunevetmab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulranumab" title="Fulranumab">Fulranumab</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MEDI-578&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MEDI-578 (page does not exist)">MEDI-578</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ranevetmab&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ranevetmab (page does not exist)">Ranevetmab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanezumab" title="Tanezumab">Tanezumab</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Aptamers:</i> <i>Against NGF:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=RBM-004&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RBM-004 (page does not exist)">RBM-004</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Decoy receptors:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=ReN-1820&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ReN-1820 (page does not exist)">ReN-1820 (TrkAd5)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/TrkB_receptor" class="mw-redirect" title="TrkB receptor">TrkB</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=3,7-Dihydroxyflavone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="3,7-Dihydroxyflavone (page does not exist)">3,7-DHF</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=3,7,8,2%27-Tetrahydroxyflavone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="3,7,8,2'-Tetrahydroxyflavone (page does not exist)">3,7,8,2'-THF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4%27-Dimethylamino-7,8-dihydroxyflavone" class="mw-redirect" title="4'-Dimethylamino-7,8-dihydroxyflavone">4'-DMA-7,8-DHF</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=7,3%E2%80%B2-Dihydroxyflavone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="7,3′-Dihydroxyflavone (page does not exist)">7,3'-DHF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7,8-Dihydroxyflavone" class="mw-redirect" title="7,8-Dihydroxyflavone">7,8-DHF</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=7,8,2%27-Trihydroxyflavone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="7,8,2'-Trihydroxyflavone (page does not exist)">7,8,2'-THF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7,8,3%27-Trihydroxyflavone" title="7,8,3'-Trihydroxyflavone">7,8,3'-THF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amitriptyline" title="Amitriptyline">Amitriptyline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brain-derived_neurotrophic_factor" title="Brain-derived neurotrophic factor">BDNF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BNN-20" title="BNN-20">BNN-20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deoxygedunin" title="Deoxygedunin">Deoxygedunin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deprenyl" title="Deprenyl">Deprenyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diosmetin" title="Diosmetin">Diosmetin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=DMAQ-B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DMAQ-B1 (page does not exist)">DMAQ-B1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIOC" title="HIOC">HIOC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LM22A-4" title="LM22A-4">LM22A-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N-Acetylserotonin" title="N-Acetylserotonin">N-Acetylserotonin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neurotrophin-3" title="Neurotrophin-3">NT-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neurotrophin-4" title="Neurotrophin-4">NT-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwogonin" title="Norwogonin">Norwogonin (5,7,8-THF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R7_(drug)" title="R7 (drug)">R7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R13_(drug)" title="R13 (drug)">R13</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=TDP6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TDP6 (page does not exist)">TDP6</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antagonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/ANA-12" title="ANA-12">ANA-12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclotraxin_B" title="Cyclotraxin B">Cyclotraxin B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gossypetin" title="Gossypetin">Gossypetin (3,5,7,8,3',4'-HHF)</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Ligands:</i> <a href="/wiki/Dehydroepiandrosterone" title="Dehydroepiandrosterone">DHEA</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Kinase inhibitors:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Altiratinib&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Altiratinib (page does not exist)">Altiratinib</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AZD-6918&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AZD-6918 (page does not exist)">AZD-6918</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CE-245677&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CE-245677 (page does not exist)">CE-245677</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CH-7057288&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CH-7057288 (page does not exist)">CH-7057288</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=DS-6051&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DS-6051 (page does not exist)">DS-6051</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entrectinib" title="Entrectinib">Entrectinib</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=GZ-389988&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GZ-389988 (page does not exist)">GZ-389988</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K252a" title="K252a">K252a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larotrectinib" title="Larotrectinib">Larotrectinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lestaurtinib" title="Lestaurtinib">Lestaurtinib</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ONO-4474&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ONO-4474 (page does not exist)">ONO-4474</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ONO-5390556&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ONO-5390556 (page does not exist)">ONO-5390556</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=PLX-7486&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PLX-7486 (page does not exist)">PLX-7486</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/TrkC_receptor" class="mw-redirect" title="TrkC receptor">TrkC</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/BNN-20" title="BNN-20">BNN-20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehydroepiandrosterone" title="Dehydroepiandrosterone">DHEA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neurotrophin-3" title="Neurotrophin-3">NT-3</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Kinase inhibitors:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Altiratinib&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Altiratinib (page does not exist)">Altiratinib</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AZD-6918&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AZD-6918 (page does not exist)">AZD-6918</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CE-245677&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CE-245677 (page does not exist)">CE-245677</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CH-7057288&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CH-7057288 (page does not exist)">CH-7057288</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=DS-6051&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DS-6051 (page does not exist)">DS-6051</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entrectinib" title="Entrectinib">Entrectinib</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=GZ-389988&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GZ-389988 (page does not exist)">GZ-389988</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K252a" title="K252a">K252a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larotrectinib" title="Larotrectinib">Larotrectinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lestaurtinib" title="Lestaurtinib">Lestaurtinib</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ONO-4474&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ONO-4474 (page does not exist)">ONO-4474</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ONO-5390556&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ONO-5390556 (page does not exist)">ONO-5390556</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=PLX-7486&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PLX-7486 (page does not exist)">PLX-7486</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Vascular_endothelial_growth_factor_receptor" class="mw-redirect" title="Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor">VEGF</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/Placental_growth_factor" title="Placental growth factor">Placental growth factor (PGF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ripretinib" title="Ripretinib">Ripretinib</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telbermin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telbermin (page does not exist)">Telbermin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vascular_endothelial_growth_factor" title="Vascular endothelial growth factor">VEGF</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vascular_endothelial_growth_factor_A" title="Vascular endothelial growth factor A">A</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vascular_endothelial_growth_factor_B" title="Vascular endothelial growth factor B">B</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vascular_endothelial_growth_factor_C" title="Vascular endothelial growth factor C">C</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vascular_endothelial_growth_factor_D" class="mw-redirect" title="Vascular endothelial growth factor D">D (FIGF)</a>)</li></ul> <ul><li><i>Allosteric modulators:</i> <a href="/wiki/Cyclotraxin_B" title="Cyclotraxin B">Cyclotraxin B</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Kinase inhibitors:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Agerafenib&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agerafenib (page does not exist)">Agerafenib</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Altiratinib&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Altiratinib (page does not exist)">Altiratinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axitinib" title="Axitinib">Axitinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabozantinib" title="Cabozantinib">Cabozantinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cediranib" title="Cediranib">Cediranib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fruquintinib" title="Fruquintinib">Fruquintinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lapatinib" title="Lapatinib">Lapatinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lenvatinib" title="Lenvatinib">Lenvatinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motesanib" title="Motesanib">Motesanib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nintedanib" title="Nintedanib">Nintedanib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pazopanib" title="Pazopanib">Pazopanib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pegaptanib" title="Pegaptanib">Pegaptanib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebastinib" class="mw-redirect" title="Rebastinib">Rebastinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regorafenib" title="Regorafenib">Regorafenib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semaxanib" title="Semaxanib">Semaxanib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorafenib" title="Sorafenib">Sorafenib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunitinib" title="Sunitinib">Sunitinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toceranib" title="Toceranib">Toceranib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tivozanib" title="Tivozanib">Tivozanib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vandetanib" title="Vandetanib">Vandetanib</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHI-P_154&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="WHI-P 154 (page does not exist)">WHI-P 154</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antibodies:</i> <a href="/wiki/Alacizumab_pegol" title="Alacizumab pegol">Alacizumab pegol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bevacizumab" title="Bevacizumab">Bevacizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icrucumab" title="Icrucumab">Icrucumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramucirumab" title="Ramucirumab">Ramucirumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranibizumab" title="Ranibizumab">Ranibizumab</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Decoy receptors:</i> <a href="/wiki/Aflibercept" title="Aflibercept">Aflibercept</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Additional growth factors:</i> <a href="/wiki/Adrenomedullin" title="Adrenomedullin">Adrenomedullin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colony-stimulating_factor" title="Colony-stimulating factor">Colony-stimulating factors</a> (see <a href="/wiki/Template:Cytokine_receptor_modulators" title="Template:Cytokine receptor modulators">here</a> instead)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connective_tissue_growth_factor" class="mw-redirect" title="Connective tissue growth factor">Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ephrin" title="Ephrin">Ephrins</a> (<a href="/wiki/EFNA1" class="mw-redirect" title="EFNA1">A1</a>, <a href="/wiki/EFNA2" class="mw-redirect" title="EFNA2">A2</a>, <a href="/wiki/EFNA3" class="mw-redirect" title="EFNA3">A3</a>, <a href="/wiki/EFNA4" class="mw-redirect" title="EFNA4">A4</a>, <a href="/wiki/EFNA5" class="mw-redirect" title="EFNA5">A5</a>, <a href="/wiki/EFNB1" class="mw-redirect" title="EFNB1">B1</a>, <a href="/wiki/EFNB2" class="mw-redirect" title="EFNB2">B2</a>, <a href="/wiki/EFNB3" class="mw-redirect" title="EFNB3">B3</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erythropoietin" title="Erythropoietin">Erythropoietin</a> (see <a href="/wiki/Template:Cytokine_receptor_modulators" title="Template:Cytokine receptor modulators">here</a> instead)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glucose-6-phosphate_isomerase" title="Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase">Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI; PGI, PHI, AMF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glia_maturation_factor" title="Glia maturation factor">Glia maturation factor (GMF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hepatoma-derived_growth_factor" title="Hepatoma-derived growth factor">Hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin" title="Interleukin">Interleukins</a>/<a href="/wiki/T-cell_growth_factor" title="T-cell growth factor">T-cell growth factors</a> (see <a href="/wiki/Template:Cytokine_receptor_modulators" title="Template:Cytokine receptor modulators">here</a> instead)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leukemia_inhibitory_factor" title="Leukemia inhibitory factor">Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macrophage-stimulating_protein" class="mw-redirect" title="Macrophage-stimulating protein">Macrophage-stimulating protein (MSP; HLP, HGFLP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midkine" title="Midkine">Midkine (NEGF2)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Migration-stimulating_factor" class="mw-redirect" title="Migration-stimulating factor">Migration-stimulating factor (MSF; PRG4)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oncomodulin" title="Oncomodulin">Oncomodulin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pituitary_adenylate_cyclase-activating_peptide" title="Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide">Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pleiotrophin" title="Pleiotrophin">Pleiotrophin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renalase" title="Renalase">Renalase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrombopoietin" title="Thrombopoietin">Thrombopoietin</a> (see <a href="/wiki/Template:Cytokine_receptor_modulators" title="Template:Cytokine receptor modulators">here</a> instead)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wnt_signaling_pathway" title="Wnt signaling pathway">Wnt signaling proteins</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Additional growth factor receptor modulators:</i> <a href="/wiki/Cerebrolysin" title="Cerebrolysin">Cerebrolysin</a> (neurotrophin mixture)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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