CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9133a521fa54406a',cH: 'GRB2QTD4R.UjdNMivXljse7o7r7bkBXddFej4wu7cMU-1739772948-1.2.1.1-UzbG1xAXfbRxOmwgsyitLkliIOVV2kPUsCo0PToXdMnY7h5hblZpeIt1uF3kwMMV',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=perceptions&__cf_chl_tk=TdJHYqShfy6u5.kwqhixOyebowLDQowGDZrTuGs9sio-1739772948-1.0.1.1-BZJjg.rkD0wUEkLH1goOi.yOrcsabpHQoPl3az7PhYU",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739772948',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=perceptions&__cf_chl_f_tk=TdJHYqShfy6u5.kwqhixOyebowLDQowGDZrTuGs9sio-1739772948-1.0.1.1-BZJjg.rkD0wUEkLH1goOi.yOrcsabpHQoPl3az7PhYU",md: "6Wn2MFkKaMwjP9HqbES873FnKWGdwi95Ag9PAnewzNs-1739772948-1.2.1.1-Ke70hSusgEKMGX6lITyjU_oT_E3twDvldG0bFPChfzambjTDuYOIJILoGylsFx6GhI1z39bjM7bNjkU3MpxuzMpfQSzI0BU4PIjWLyKJzfy.E55Odg1zijK.cpSdjmTnQxtsaox9Z_Dbx5LB.DtNaLxx4HcXmIFwsLpIJCn98S8EqqOMm7INBoUAU9JvrMwV6iZhbq0Ou.0TJ8jbsczITkd85ZOGavgW_7c7WFfYjdUwdlJnldGPqG9DevOsrN1KawFfgKDy1sMdahH7OtH6e49pCBfVVC8Z4Zqo9gDIzlFDfcCTQtcg7X3ZAOIaxzeOvczh7Wink_0D3xCJqoPk5861URy1cZIm.8_C_2JmnffDMjLEdZz1Ev5gG8ZVvwMuT5OWlZ1S1EbQFTn3Cy1nAoHvD8QOVbUQWq1pcHqVNg6nZJ.Dsbr0.fliX5enuzzObPjasRbrH1mJryeUFAFW0U3C3p6mkLpC8iztZSAFeHU26x7TNnJzdiZKSDtXll1mrUM64TZfL0paV0Log7AZX1vG8ey1Gi1QqkwgxzB.IzXXbvxfgLy28fWqOWlgVyhi7LCtLq2EGXfT5KwdD9MBhrQbfUUD6cdUTtjM7GD3X545ms4vvY5w4ugfIjVWMW3GJ1KCIR6rxi49FsR_XffSXDMUuDxn6dUaKxyOpsCsbJucmYjCrg3Fq_Vqs_hnrlqj4Y7IIiLIAOWPcriu14lBy5mQIbB8j5YE0CvkBH9R6sqiAcz57eELykAC6ue5qdrrA2RBsUW0oGc2jut_bGdEyC7Ak7MMWUQayT14nwKX6LwV5FbLp6uh3yVSWlg88iZgXFDWMogC8ZAeeTJ1APK1E9wHfC9.pxJ2AONdCZpKZ90AuzJ3W5PtxqZmwtT_eDSU3FgQnYzu6pZ_XvuqRdMX18LV2FOOQxU6pNWECIFNhOcH9WbE2QNEXeIA7PmrHOGBYFCMtiO06i8BU7ZyIiSTmXG754KRWL8x4u7x8o9aOvOM6iG4itI_BAs7EhfIfvS0uusBR1jX1bkHJj0h87qhH_Ksf2Ztvb5YPYxYOo.msCj3yKGlvftR3DD7agV6u8doLWIjis4iTr91cDxF7Ob3jLF_XR4JcysfMJwdNi55YkVmKOQp.BY0ol8W9yEPgaV2h6BqkEcs7.GmUiUK.BrdtSuRFV5t.qDibaLFDj4Nra.J6dNT9MfiwFfAVNNv2.WNS8AMasZaXEnT_Y_xLOVtgdnCKbB0UFMxJgH6tiatB5K8mTj_zTwNjKxFtQDB_X.U0ERsLVQNG2OXjBPTEKUN8pmNNqtNFZeg8a3X0i8OYisfujA4vT1X_hTOtC.5S1BNBzO2KWUqnJXqaHYji958jNj.LzKy0vrSTU76eiKGlLp0wRUeeZVC3JkM7I4NHqqb3CyVw59skNuS8V1XKh3teQEw973byN.CWxt.Z9BgWMEi3kaaXmWxRB4gHTdYCxUbxvGUp.V3q5Xa7LqfNAf5EiJJXoHrABp_FUbI_Btrxm8masevUIHDewoRbDmKlqNEPTpZ1z0AbNJjQRb.1mmc47dx0F6OAzu5k1qr0SnKARYueE8mlJMs8Kj6FpvgqZdblNIJHweXPhgnZpaWx1.EaGqDZbv9uw_9ofOASPzBdJDvRiM51we0m.BcrFubH4zXfKJbljPz7g_pPpLzXPPypq_9Kk_R4v.NzxFizBOlUbOpR8fVm39m6rVQ7rK0GHmClOKMzLo.5i8aPDo5sXp3ERj8kb9eAV1mhiMoWDjgdYhz2tH1vvChjVZuDMPpcanTusbmzcwQlgJ0RXm1FGgNhimr114SPKR4fB6Y8.Ba9_MarBaILpbFI3s3qL70Ao6uEvvWGr4BxyM4YKNh2uPmmI2LqLc84CF9qMP9UrTShbvENrWtcokkBZdka5nZykQiA9jymyC2qKy7c6Rcx0W3Ww",mdrd: "U7gZhyrs_M57T2N_BiLFeX6WV0R48D09UkMRIGRlQEc-1739772948-1.2.1.1-4IHd4EQ.8Wm2v8UKotDFXumOZUJlfLzXVw_KOkaHaq3gIV8qasw9dfnUezuiVXR92kGiTfmGvxPDQmD4BRJLtbPiQBxaFm_59k2gsp0AKNExpLis6XU1EtjVbfv43a43HuiUwOQmOHtIyB68GxLh.hzFksqWuM.WH5RwR2mlf1KNjd0XC_Fcpn6B9TpN2oXC47RgsinPBP0ckF2eEnOsVXq_9mXlFyZzlYNLSpDvCRI_fw3i1X1Ce0BHhm43m2gJ8pthE48DG3QJ3.q9GHaIy0AFwv63FB_.zjB6_t8UlYtgn0wKnxipmlQiAqrcPu0i4UMNHl7fy06ygD3.ACiF1VJ.j0O8b6RU95F0w3AADjhI6fqVgItRwIDBzGEEA0bj0GUkatV0Lst5cr4CWN5r56DTYxjYlj_8W8lGmqlGKrffxe6pY856S_kSIlQZwUg2Rq38LpJoOYJtxUMBAd9y3Kt6ZmLKmvuHtEqUFYyIp9PevAp6_A91LGHDUSFdUq0y_UdxMzB29k_Gh4nzM.8tTUCxWIveWmn6x680l8elI8UJSwBQBeh5KZJ98vXf.cGtd7O9CZNWBhI39h4BDYYREOopy2OHfjzyUdvhC210IQnOq_DV8O3NdadGIV0Bi2TC9ppIJ_8as1LVmCKc22B0n7zleDEsHAkStwJxWBAugU7NmjndfKHWDdqiX.RAxEENy0Hsu6vbJSSMP8bGOPA2RFVnLeWEp9pQIqTE47o5TpQraDQ40ueiEj1V._CVo6huFXLCtNy_2L9aDW8Wr7XVJ_TSdH.A5HtVD.2v0fTs.D5g0g7JpVJ0Ta52Ssy9yPPFTWJLLuk4TiI4SWi2y1pO3DW5AUQtLIao8ZIhL.2kL2v8Kzz9nTsILs0CmEwqHClwIkmFqQLR0RH26aw4LgQ16ZEZvU7b5T2G5jbWjmQUalIVeNynatFmSbO_sAdidLn8OY8_zlyVN14ytWS5f1PZcY2XvZHaAUx9FdDsRPsAZA2o7MlaDXNwzJf7tKPGRx35gAELI9uD5OMm8ruTPJUs4hBrU85X_Sgi8lG1WeRthlInw5tRW7wE_diHMqdix.Z4_mmMU_fWzJkkjraSqT3wNB1oG6EZ.Fx7FV9NNuXJqQDCCzuc3Zndzln.tvFiolFaH3bLHRcxcXk4IcpLfNEnzoi.cXBVlaOZU_CKc3m8oqpTrn4iA4RQw6NXMpPzaN.m1SxIebLUQ6UvLyLkCZH3uWOlal5UO5rNmzL7cq3Eexer6sRTqcRaR31KQoXirPXMjuk7DF0TsBfZAFZN4YA_7xhs4MNCnzc4.yy3JqB3nftYt31hIHeguUhAtyetZ8wSNbLCIPMjP4puS.TpOAyiCHH.VhRdGVtOhz2l.Xm5EBYODTWCp4CGELfSr9w6iWJVehNVrv8le.CxsYbWB5ZtVJ.YHLbRnc9F6GGTHCI39BIeJ0klAniHw4ZILB.GPQ6_pvooQYu.exXNC4vO0xuOVgSnOFoF46Tf08bpm74ruT3nr0Ijeys4wuivudaNeL2RbLUw_C1.1HyZ02TJ56yVO1aKq26Rs9Yweahey7Hk1KDkTY_Q_K9.VKD0LLf6XpVs.7eYDMcfhiVKotmnewom1WI6Hlz_CwTRBknXGWzr2dSfYd63hGQ3.1K_puC3T_WHY0HyX0k39b0RHYlp5I.aoj99IjCZTY3kmA.NFb7VZHJfDEbz_xwytSMlFLiEU81BnVGjVrabJ6XAGF3Pp9EHaJp3wynvcI2CWpo5JpIr5J6f6pi4SgpxgwHde0_wXoKXjWgnMMOxgL4.wd36QzbKp38E33_Tfjp08NF4B1gwbf9wJc7M.QWHTSy4Wo9eEgisRZv2f007sWzshsvZHmCtasI6MVL7Yf3mt9yg88fYsx0RQ4HPmTMEo2vtslmVOiGa1jtcPqfo5rO2IQ8j_DXrj4jOAQ7LrSPztGwMTHSKuspDPzbGygK0o.t3qh7r1G5w"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9133a521fa54406a';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=perceptions&__cf_chl_rt_tk=TdJHYqShfy6u5.kwqhixOyebowLDQowGDZrTuGs9sio-1739772948-1.0.1.1-BZJjg.rkD0wUEkLH1goOi.yOrcsabpHQoPl3az7PhYU" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>