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Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jack_and_Jill_(nursery_rhyme)&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Jack and Jill (nursery rhyme)">Jack and Jill (nursery rhyme)</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">English nursery rhyme</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Jack_and_Jill_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Jack and Jill (disambiguation)">Jack and Jill (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jack_%26_Jill_(Wheeler).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Jack_%26_Jill_%28Wheeler%29.jpg/240px-Jack_%26_Jill_%28Wheeler%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="367" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Jack_%26_Jill_%28Wheeler%29.jpg/360px-Jack_%26_Jill_%28Wheeler%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Jack_%26_Jill_%28Wheeler%29.jpg/480px-Jack_%26_Jill_%28Wheeler%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1011" data-file-height="1544" /></a><figcaption>A postcard of the rhyme using <a href="/wiki/Dorothy_M._Wheeler" title="Dorothy M. Wheeler">Dorothy M. Wheeler</a>'s 1916 illustration <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/7\/79\/201008241206184375_M.mid\/201008241206184375_M.mid.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"Play"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"201008241206184375 M.mid"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/79/201008241206184375_M.mid/201008241206184375_M.mid.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">Play</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:201008241206184375_M.mid" title="File:201008241206184375 M.mid">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span></figcaption></figure> <p>"<b>Jack and Jill</b>" (sometimes "<b>Jack and Gill</b>", particularly in earlier versions) is a traditional English <a href="/wiki/Nursery_rhyme" title="Nursery rhyme">nursery rhyme</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Roud_Folk_Song_Index" title="Roud Folk Song Index">Roud Folk Song Index</a> classifies the commonest tune and its variations as number 10266,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although it has been set to several others. The original rhyme dates back to the 18th century and different numbers of verses were later added, each with variations in the wording. Throughout the 19th century new versions of the story were written featuring different incidents. A number of theories continue to be advanced to explain the rhyme's historical origin. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Text">Text</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jack_and_Jill&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Text"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jack_and_Jill_(1791).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Jack_and_Jill_%281791%29.png/230px-Jack_and_Jill_%281791%29.png" decoding="async" width="230" height="340" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Jack_and_Jill_%281791%29.png/345px-Jack_and_Jill_%281791%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Jack_and_Jill_%281791%29.png/460px-Jack_and_Jill_%281791%29.png 2x" data-file-width="786" data-file-height="1162" /></a><figcaption>From <i>Mother Goose's Melody</i> (1791 edition)</figcaption></figure> <p>The earliest version of the rhyme was in a reprint of <a href="/wiki/John_Newbery" title="John Newbery">John Newbery</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Mother_Goose#"Old_Mother_Goose"" title="Mother Goose">Mother Goose's Melody</a></i>, thought to have been first published in London around 1765.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The rhyming of "water" with "after" was taken by <a href="/wiki/Iona_Opie" class="mw-redirect" title="Iona Opie">Iona</a> and <a href="/wiki/Peter_Opie" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter Opie">Peter Opie</a> to suggest that the first verse might date from the 17th century.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jill was originally spelled Gill in the earliest version of the rhyme and the accompanying <a href="/wiki/Woodcut" title="Woodcut">woodcut</a> showed two boys at the foot of the hill. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><div class="poem"> <p>Jack and Gill went up the hill<br /> To fetch a pail of water;<br /> Jack fell down and broke his crown<br /> And Gill came tumbling after. </p> </div></blockquote> <p>Later the spelling was changed to Jill and more verses were added to carry the story further, of which the commonest are: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><div class="poem"> <p>Up Jack got and home did trot,<br /> As fast as he could caper;<br /> Went to bed to mend his head<br /> With vinegar and brown paper.<br /> <br /> Jill came in and she did grin<br /> To see his paper plaster;<br /> Mother, vex’d, did whip her next<br /> For causing Jack's disaster.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </div></blockquote> <p>As presented over the following century, the rhyming scheme of the six-line stanzas is <i>AABCCB</i> and they are <a href="/wiki/Trochaic" class="mw-redirect" title="Trochaic">trochaic</a> in rhythm. Alternatively, when given the form of internally rhymed quatrains, this would be an example of the <a href="/wiki/Ballad" title="Ballad">ballad</a> form commonly used for nursery rhymes.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The phrase "Jack and Jill" existed earlier in England to indicate a boy and girl as a generic pair. It is so used, for example, in the proverb "Every Jack (shall/must) have his Jill",<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to which there are references in two plays by <a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">William Shakespeare</a> dating from the 1590s.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Compress_(medical)" class="mw-redirect" title="Compress (medical)">compress</a> of vinegar and brown paper to which Jack resorted after his fall was a common home cure used to heal bruises.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="New_versions">New versions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jack_and_Jill&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: New versions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Though approximately the words above are what have survived of the nursery rhyme to the present, their sense is preserved at the start of a 15-stanza <a href="/wiki/Chapbook" title="Chapbook">chapbook</a>, <i>Jack & Jill and Old Dame Gill</i>, published in 1806. The work dates from the period when children's literature was beginning to shift from instruction to fun in the wake of the success of <i><a href="/wiki/Old_Mother_Hubbard" title="Old Mother Hubbard">Old Mother Hubbard</a></i> and kindred works.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This change of emphasis was signalled by the book's coloured illustrations and introductory epigraph: "Read it who will, They’ll laugh their fill". In this version the trio of Jack, Jill, and their mother Dame Gill experience further mishaps involving the dog Ball, an attack from a goat, falls from a see-saw, a swing and a pig, followed by a parental whipping for getting dirty.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many pirated editions of the work followed from both London and provincial presses, accompanied by black and white as well as coloured woodcuts. Sometimes there were several different editions from the same press, such as, for example, the Banbury editions of John Golby Rusher (1784–1877) between 1835 and 1845. The wording also varied in these, and there were multiplications of the creatures involved in the adventures of the three protagonists – a donkey, a reindeer, a bull, a goose and a camel.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jack_%26_Jill_(Greenaway).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Jack_%26_Jill_%28Greenaway%29.jpg/220px-Jack_%26_Jill_%28Greenaway%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="327" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Jack_%26_Jill_%28Greenaway%29.jpg/330px-Jack_%26_Jill_%28Greenaway%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Jack_%26_Jill_%28Greenaway%29.jpg/440px-Jack_%26_Jill_%28Greenaway%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="539" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>An advertising card based on <a href="/wiki/Kate_Greenaway" title="Kate Greenaway">Kate Greenaway</a>'s 1881 illustration of the rhyme</figcaption></figure> <p>As the decades advanced there were changes in form as well as wording. An 1840s edition from <a href="/wiki/Otley" title="Otley">Otley</a>, titled <i>The adventures of Jack & Jill and old Dame Jill</i>, was written in longer and more circumstantial quatrains of between ten and twelve syllables, rhymed AABB.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among other changes in the poem, Jack's injuries are treated, not with vinegar and brown paper, but "spread all over with sugar and rum". </p><p>There were also radical changes in the telling of the story in America. Among the <i>Juvenile Songs</i> rewritten and set to music by Fanny E. Lacy (Boston 1852) was a six-stanza version of Jack and Jill. Having related their climb and fall from the hill, the rest of the poem is devoted to a warning against social climbing: "By this we see that folks should be/ Contented with their station,/ And never try to look so high/ Above their situation."<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is a similar tendency to moral instruction in the three "chapters" of <i>Jack and Jill, for old and young</i> by Lawrence Augustus Gobright (1816–1879), published in Philadelphia in 1873. There the pair have grown up to be a devoted and industrious married couple; the fall is circumstantially explained and the cure afterwards drawn out over many, many quatrains.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the introduction to his work, Gobright makes the claim that the two-stanza version of the original nursery rhyme was, in earlier editions, followed by two more: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><div class="poem"> <p>Little Jane ran up the lane<br /> To hang her clothes a-drying;<br /> She called for Nell to ring the bell,<br /> For Jack and Jill were dying.<br /> Nimble Dick ran up so quick,<br /> He tumbled over a timber,<br /> And bent his bow to shoot a crow,<br /> And killed a cat in the window. </p> </div></blockquote> <p>No such verses are found in English editions, although they do appear in a later American edition of <i>Mother Goose's nursery rhymes, tales and jingles</i> (New York 1902).<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Yet another American variation on the story appeared in the <i><a href="/wiki/Saint_Nicholas_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Nicholas Magazine">Saint Nicholas Magazine</a></i>. This was Margaret Johnson's "A New Jack and Jill", in which the brother and sister constantly return with an empty bucket because they have not noticed that there is a hole in it.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Clifton Bingham (1859–1913) followed it with "The New Jack and Jill", which appeared in the children's album <i>Fun and Frolic</i> (London and New York, 1900), illustrated by <a href="/wiki/Louis_Wain" title="Louis Wain">Louis Wain</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Here there is a return to the six-line stanza form: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><div class="poem"> <p>Jack and Jill <br /> Went up the hill <br /> To fetch a pail of milk, oh!<br /> Jack was drest <br /> In his Sunday best, <br /> And Jill in her gown of silk, oh! </p> </div></blockquote> <p>But the cow objects and chases them down again. The exclamatory style used in all three stanzas replicates that used only in the sixth stanza of the popular <i>Jack and Jill and Old Dame Gill</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Musical_settings">Musical settings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jack_and_Jill&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Musical settings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Burney,_Jack_and_Jill.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Burney%2C_Jack_and_Jill.png/220px-Burney%2C_Jack_and_Jill.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Burney%2C_Jack_and_Jill.png/330px-Burney%2C_Jack_and_Jill.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Burney%2C_Jack_and_Jill.png/440px-Burney%2C_Jack_and_Jill.png 2x" data-file-width="2622" data-file-height="1458" /></a><figcaption>Musical setting by Charles Burney (1777)</figcaption></figure> <p>A musical arrangement of the rhyme as a <a href="/wiki/Catch_(music)" title="Catch (music)">catch</a> by <a href="/wiki/Charles_Burney" title="Charles Burney">Charles Burney</a> was published in 1777, at a date earlier than any still existing copy of <i>Mother Goose's Melody</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But the melody commonly associated with the rhyme was first recorded with the three stanza version by the composer and nursery lore collector <a href="/wiki/James_William_Elliott" title="James William Elliott">James William Elliott</a> in his <i>National Nursery Rhymes and Nursery Songs</i> (1870),<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which was published in America as <i>Mother Goose Set to Music</i> the following year.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> And in 1877 the single-stanza version illustrated by <a href="/wiki/Walter_Crane" title="Walter Crane">Walter Crane</a> appeared in <i>The Baby's Opera</i> (London 1877), which described itself as "a book of old rhymes in new dresses, the music by the earliest masters".<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Victorian composer <a href="/wiki/Alfred_James_Caldicott" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfred James Caldicott">Alfred James Caldicott</a>, who distinguished himself by setting several nursery rhymes as ingenious <a href="/wiki/Part_song" title="Part song">part songs</a>, adapted "Jack and Jill" as one in 1878. These works were described by the <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Dictionary of National Biography</a></i> as a "humorous admixture of childish words and very complicated music…with full use of contrast and the opportunities afforded by individual words".<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among American adaptations of his work for female voices, there were settings by E. M. Bowman (New York, 1883)<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Charles R. Ford (Boston, 1885).<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Canada, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Gould_(Canadian_cultural_figure)" title="Joseph Gould (Canadian cultural figure)">Spencer Percival</a> was responsible for a part-song of his own for four voices, first performed in 1882.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Sigmund_Spaeth" title="Sigmund Spaeth">Sigmund Spaeth</a> was eventually to have fun with the rhyme by adapting it to a number of bygone musical styles as <i>The musical adventures of Jack & Jill in Words & Music: A Book of Burlesques</i>, (Simon and Schuster, 1926). These included a Handel aria, Italian operatic and Wagnerian versions.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later on the English composer Geoffrey Hartley (1906–1992) set the original as a chamber piece for horn and two bassoons, or for wind trio (1975), and later reset it as a bassoon trio.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Interpretations">Interpretations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jack_and_Jill&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Interpretations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jack_and_Jill_Plaque_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1406047.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Jack_and_Jill_Plaque_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1406047.jpg/170px-Jack_and_Jill_Plaque_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1406047.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="232" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Jack_and_Jill_Plaque_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1406047.jpg/255px-Jack_and_Jill_Plaque_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1406047.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Jack_and_Jill_Plaque_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1406047.jpg/340px-Jack_and_Jill_Plaque_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1406047.jpg 2x" data-file-width="435" data-file-height="594" /></a><figcaption>The plaque erected in 2000 at <a href="/wiki/Kilmersdon" title="Kilmersdon">Kilmersdon</a> to commemorate the village's association with the rhyme</figcaption></figure> <p>There are several theories concerning the origin of the rhyme. Most such explanations postdate the first publication of the rhyme and have no corroborating evidence. <a href="/wiki/S._Baring-Gould" class="mw-redirect" title="S. Baring-Gould">S. Baring-Gould</a> suggested that the rhyme is related to a story in the 13th-century Icelandic <i><a href="/wiki/Gylfaginning" title="Gylfaginning">Gylfaginning</a></i> in which the brother and sister Hjuki and Bil were stolen by the Moon while drawing water from a well, to be seen there to this day.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other suggestions rooted in history include a reference to the executions of <a href="/wiki/Richard_Empson" title="Richard Empson">Richard Empson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Dudley" title="Edmund Dudley">Edmund Dudley</a> in 1510,<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or to a marriage negotiation conducted by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Wolsey" title="Thomas Wolsey">Thomas Wolsey</a> in 1514.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alternatively it has been taken to satirise the attempt by King <a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_England" title="Charles I of England">Charles I of England</a> to raise extra revenue by ordering that the volume of a Jack (1/8 pint) be reduced, while the tax remained the same. In consequence of this, the Gill (a quarter pint in liquid measure) "came tumbling after".<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There is also a belief in Somerset that the rhyme records events in the village of <a href="/wiki/Kilmersdon" title="Kilmersdon">Kilmersdon</a> when a local girl became pregnant; the putative father is said to have died from a rockfall and the woman afterwards died in childbirth. The local surname of Gilson is therefore taken to derive from Gill's son.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A more prosaic origin of the rhyme is suggested by historian Edward A. Martin, who notes that pails of water may readily have been collected from <a href="/wiki/Dew_pond" title="Dew pond">dew ponds</a>, which were located on the tops of hills.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jack_and_Jill&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_nursery_rhymes" title="List of nursery rhymes">List of nursery rhymes</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jack_and_Jill&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://library.efdss.org/cgi-bin/query.cgi?index_roud=on&cross=off&type=Song&access=off&op_9=or&field_9=&op_12=or&field_12=&op_13=or&field_13=&op_14=or&field_14=&op_15=or&field_15=&op_47=or&field_47=&op_16=or&field_16=&op_0=or&field_0=&op_17=or&field_17=&op_10=or&field_10=&op_11=or&field_11=&op_18=or&field_18=&op_19=or&field_19=&op_20=or&field_20=&op_21=or&field_21=&op_22=or&field_22=&op_23=or&field_23=&op_24=or&field_24=&op_5=or&field_5=&op_25=or&field_25=&op_26=or&field_26=&fieldshow=single&op=precise&query=%22jack+and+jill%22&field=9&output=Record&length=5&submit=Submit+query">"Searchable database"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140111110458/http://library.efdss.org/cgi-bin/query.cgi?index_roud=on&cross=off&type=Song&access=off&op_9=or&field_9=&op_12=or&field_12=&op_13=or&field_13=&op_14=or&field_14=&op_15=or&field_15=&op_47=or&field_47=&op_16=or&field_16=&op_0=or&field_0=&op_17=or&field_17=&op_10=or&field_10=&op_11=or&field_11=&op_18=or&field_18=&op_19=or&field_19=&op_20=or&field_20=&op_21=or&field_21=&op_22=or&field_22=&op_23=or&field_23=&op_24=or&field_24=&op_5=or&field_5=&op_25=or&field_25=&op_26=or&field_26=&fieldshow=single&op=precise&query=%22jack+and+jill%22&field=9&output=Record&length=5&submit=Submit+query">Archived</a> 11 January 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>English Folk Song and Dance Society</i>, retrieved 18 March 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">B. Cullinan and D. G. Person, <i>The Continuum Encyclopedia of Children's Literature</i> (London: Continuum, 2003), <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8264-1778-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-8264-1778-7">0-8264-1778-7</a>, p. 561.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Oxford Dictionary of Nursery Rhymes</i>, OUP 1997, pp.265-7</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>National Nursery Rhymes and Nursery Songs</i>, London 1871, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=x5ZS5gf8AYIC&q=Jack+and+Jill">pp.2-3</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">L. Turco, <i>The Book of Forms: a Handbook of Poetics</i> (Lebanon, NH: University Press of New England, 3rd edn., 2000), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-58465-022-2" title="Special:BookSources/1-58465-022-2">1-58465-022-2</a>, pp. 28–30.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">William George Smith, <i>The Oxford Dictionary of English Proverbs</i>, (OUP 1935) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.227228/page/n121/mode/2up/search/Every+Jack">p.95</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In <i>A Midsummer Night's Dream</i> (III:ii:460-2, "Jack shall have Jill") and in <i>Love's Labour's Lost</i> (V:ii:874–5, "Jack hath not Jill")</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gabrielle Hatfield, <i>Encyclopedia of Folk Medicine</i>, ABC Clio 2004, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2GGz6708nqgC&dq=%22vinegar+and+brown+paper%22&pg=PA187">p.187</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Delaney, Lesley Jane: "'Making amusement the vehicle of instruction': Key Developments in the Nursery Reading Market 1783-1900", UCL PhD thesis, 2012, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1370657/1/Delaney_lo_res_thesis_online_use.pdf">p.105 - 120</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Reproduced in the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://publicdomainreview.org/collection/jack-and-jill-and-old-dame-gill-1806"><i>Public Domain Review</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digitalcollections.lib.washington.edu/digital/collection/childrens/id/3920">University of Washington</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">An example preserved in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/McGillLibrary-PN970_W35_A9_1840z-2041/mode/2up">McGill Library</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A copy at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://levysheetmusic.mse.jhu.edu/collection/106/002">Johns Hopkins University</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See the digitized Library of Congress copy at the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/jackjillforoldyo00gobr/page/n11/mode/2up">Internet Archive</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Edited by W. Gannon, copy available at the Internet Archive, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/mothergoosesnurs00ganniala/page/376/mode/2up/search/%22Nell+to+ring%22">pp.374-6</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>St Nicholas Magazine' for young folks</i>, January 1884, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=pst.000056588170&view=1up&seq=256">pp.238-9</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The University of Michigan’s digitized version, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015011394437&view=1up&seq=58">pp.50-51</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArnold1777" class="citation book cs1">Arnold, John, ed. (1777). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/imslp-essex-harmony-arnold-john/PMLP140462-Arnold_Essex_Harmony_vol_2_1777#page/n133/mode/2up"><i>The Essex Harmony</i></a>. Vol. ii (second ed.). London: J. Buckland and S. Crowder. p. 130.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Essex+Harmony&rft.place=London&rft.pages=130&rft.edition=second&rft.pub=J.+Buckland+and+S.+Crowder&rft.date=1777&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fimslp-essex-harmony-arnold-john%2FPMLP140462-Arnold_Essex_Harmony_vol_2_1777%23page%2Fn133%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+and+Jill" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">University of Florida, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ufdc.ufl.edu/UF00026640/00001/14x">pp.2-3</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lIkvAAAAYAAJ">Google Books</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Available at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/25418/25418-h/25418-h.htm">Gutenberg, pp.52-3</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavey1901" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Davey, Henry (1901). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Dictionary of National Biography, 1901 supplement/Caldicott, Alfred James"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography,_1901_supplement/Caldicott,_Alfred_James">"Caldicott, Alfred James" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Dictionary of National Biography</a> (1st supplement)</i>. Vol. 1. pp. 374–375.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Caldicott%2C+Alfred+James&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+National+Biography+%281st+supplement%29&rft.pages=374-375&rft.date=1901&rft.aulast=Davey&rft.aufirst=Henry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+and+Jill" class="Z3988"></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/resource/sm1883.08048.0/?sp=1">Library of Congress</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/resource/sm1885.08402.0/?sp=2">Library of Congress</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210410181546/http://hypatia.music.mcgill.ca/1/e-scores/MMC/Jack_and_Jill.pdf">"McGill University"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hypatia.music.mcgill.ca/1/e-scores/MMC/Jack_and_Jill.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 10 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=McGill+University&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhypatia.music.mcgill.ca%2F1%2Fe-scores%2FMMC%2FJack_and_Jill.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+and+Jill" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A modern performance on <i>Good Night, Good Night, Beloved! and other Victorian part songs</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.prestomusic.com/classical/products/8024022--good-night-good-night-beloved#tracklist">Atma Classique 2012</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=paVQAQAAMAAJ&q=music+%22Jack+and+Jill%22">Google Books, pp.15-34</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.trevcomusic.com/products/cam-17-hartley-geoffrey-jack-jill-sc-pts-3bsn">Trevco Varner Music</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Elizabeth Knowles, <i>The Oxford Dictionary of Phrase and Fable</i> (OUP 2000), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Urg3hNc4tu0C&q=Jack+and+Jill">"Jack and Jill"</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Elizabeth Knowles, <i>The Oxford Dictionary of Phrase and Fable</i> (OUP 2000), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Urg3hNc4tu0C&q=Jack+and+Jill">"Jack and Jill"</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">W. S. Baring-Gould and C. Baring Gould, <i>The Annotated Mother Goose</i> (Bramhall House, 1962), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-517-02959-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-517-02959-6">0-517-02959-6</a>, pp. 60–62.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Albert Jack, <i>Pop Goes the Weasel: The Secret Meanings of Nursery Rhymes</i>, Penguin 2008, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QahV2m-rsL8C&q=Jack+and+Jill">"Jack and Jill"</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Laura Lee, <i>The Name's Familiar</i>, Pelican 1999, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=C-tNsbAhFiIC&q=Jack+and+Jill">pp.139-40</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartin1930" class="citation journal cs1">Martin, Edward A. (September 1930). "Dew-Ponds". <i><a href="/wiki/Antiquity_(journal)" title="Antiquity (journal)">Antiquity</a></i>. <b>4</b> (15): 347–351. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0003598X00004932">10.1017/S0003598X00004932</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antiquity&rft.atitle=Dew-Ponds&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=15&rft.pages=347-351&rft.date=1930-09&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0003598X00004932&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=Edward+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+and+Jill" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jack_and_Jill&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External 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.navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Jack" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Jack" title="Template:Jack"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Jack" title="Template talk:Jack"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Jack" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Jack"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Jack" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Jack_(hero)" title="Jack (hero)">Jack</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jack_and_the_Beanstalk" title="Jack and the Beanstalk">Jack and the Beanstalk</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Film</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jack_and_the_Beanstalk_(1902_film)" title="Jack and the Beanstalk (1902 film)"><i>Jack and the Beanstalk</i></a> (1902)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_and_the_Beanstalk_(1952_film)" title="Jack and the Beanstalk (1952 film)"><i>Jack and the Beanstalk</i></a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_and_the_Beanstalk_(2009_film)" title="Jack and the Beanstalk (2009 film)"><i>Jack and the Beanstalk</i></a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_the_Giant_Slayer" title="Jack the Giant Slayer">Jack the Giant Slayer</a>(2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puss_in_Boots_(2011_film)" title="Puss in Boots (2011 film)"><i>Puss in Boots</i></a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Into_the_Woods_(film)" title="Into the Woods (film)"><i>Into the Woods</i></a> (2014)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cartoons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Jack_and_the_Beanstalk_(1931_film)" title="Jack and the Beanstalk (1931 film)">Jack and the Beanstalk</a></i> (1931)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Giantland" title="Giantland">Giantland</a></i> (1933)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jack-Wabbit_and_the_Beanstalk" title="Jack-Wabbit and the Beanstalk">Jack-Wabbit and the Beanstalk</a></i> (1943)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mickey_and_the_Beanstalk" class="mw-redirect" title="Mickey and the Beanstalk">Mickey and the Beanstalk</a></i> (1947)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Woody_the_Giant_Killer" class="mw-redirect" title="Woody the Giant Killer">Woody the Giant Killer</a></i> (1947)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Beanstalk_Bunny" title="Beanstalk Bunny">Beanstalk Bunny</a></i> (1955)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tweety_and_the_Beanstalk" title="Tweety and the Beanstalk">Tweety and the Beanstalk</a></i> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_and_the_Beanstalk_(1974_film)" title="Jack and the Beanstalk (1974 film)"><i>Jack and the Beanstalk</i></a> (1974)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tom_and_Jerry%27s_Giant_Adventure" title="Tom and Jerry's Giant Adventure">Tom and Jerry's Giant Adventure</a></i> (2013)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Television</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jack_and_the_Beanstalk_(1967_film)" title="Jack and the Beanstalk (1967 film)"><i>Jack and the Beanstalk</i></a> (1967)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Beanstalks_and_Bad_Eggs" class="mw-redirect" title="Beanstalks and Bad Eggs">Beanstalks and Bad Eggs</a>" (1997 episode)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jack_and_the_Beanstalk:_The_Real_Story" title="Jack and the Beanstalk: The Real Story">Jack and the Beanstalk: The Real Story</a></i> (2001 miniseries)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Once_Upon_a_Time_(TV_series)" title="Once Upon a Time (TV series)">Once Upon a Time</a></i> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Tallahassee_(Once_Upon_a_Time)" title="Tallahassee (Once Upon a Time)">Tallahassee</a>" (2012)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Tiny_(Once_Upon_a_Time)" title="Tiny (Once Upon a Time)">Tiny</a>" (2013)</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Video games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Jumpin%27_Kid:_Jack_to_Mame_no_Ki_Monogatari" title="Jumpin' Kid: Jack to Mame no Ki Monogatari">Jumpin' Kid: Jack to Mame no Ki Monogatari</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Simpsons:_Bart_%26_the_Beanstalk" title="The Simpsons: Bart & the Beanstalk">The Simpsons: Bart & the Beanstalk</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tiny_Toon_Adventures:_Buster_and_the_Beanstalk" title="Tiny Toon Adventures: Buster and the Beanstalk">Tiny Toon Adventures: Buster and the Beanstalk</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tiny_Toon_Adventures:_The_Great_Beanstalk" title="Tiny Toon Adventures: The Great Beanstalk">Tiny Toon Adventures: The Great Beanstalk</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fee-fi-fo-fum" title="Fee-fi-fo-fum">Fee-fi-fo-fum</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Gander_at_Mother_Goose" title="A Gander at Mother Goose">A Gander at Mother Goose</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fun_and_Fancy_Free" title="Fun and Fancy Free">Fun and Fancy Free</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Into_the_Woods" title="Into the Woods">Into the Woods</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Stinky_Cheese_Man_and_Other_Fairly_Stupid_Tales" title="The Stinky Cheese Man and Other Fairly Stupid Tales">The Stinky Cheese Man and Other Fairly Stupid Tales</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Politically_Correct_Bedtime_Stories" title="Politically Correct Bedtime Stories">Politically Correct Bedtime Stories</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Revolting_Rhymes" title="Revolting Rhymes">Revolting Rhymes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hoodwinked_Too!_Hood_vs._Evil" title="Hoodwinked Too! Hood vs. Evil">Hoodwinked Too! Hood vs. Evil</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fe,_Fi,_Fo,_Fum,_and_Phooey" title="Fe, Fi, Fo, Fum, and Phooey">Fe, Fi, Fo, Fum, and Phooey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jack_the_Giant_Killer" title="Jack the Giant Killer">Jack the Giant Killer</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Characters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blunderbore" title="Blunderbore">Blunderbore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cormoran" title="Cormoran">Cormoran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thunderdell" title="Thunderdell">Thunderdell</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Film</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Jack_the_Giant_Killer_(1962_film)" title="Jack the Giant Killer (1962 film)">Jack the Giant Killer</a></i> (1962)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jack_the_Giant_Slayer" title="Jack the Giant Slayer">Jack the Giant Slayer</a></i> (2013)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jack_the_Giant_Killer_(2013_film)" title="Jack the Giant Killer (2013 film)">Jack the Giant Killer</a></i> (2013)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Novel</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Jack,_the_Giant_Killer_(novel)" title="Jack, the Giant Killer (novel)">Jack, the Giant Killer</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Video games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Jack_the_Giantkiller" title="Jack the Giantkiller">Jack the Giantkiller</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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