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href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_uz.wikipedia.org&uselang=uz" class=""><span>Loyihaga koʻmak</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Maxsus:CreateAccount&returnto=Jurnalistika" title="Bu majburiyat mavjud boʻlmasa-da, hisob yaratishingiz va tizimga kirishingiz tavsiya etiladi." class=""><span>Hisob yaratish</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Maxsus:UserLogin&returnto=Jurnalistika" title="Bu majburiyat mavjud bo‘lmasa-da, kirishingiz taklif qilinadi. 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href="#Manbalar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Manbalar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Manbalar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Mundarija" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Jurnalistika</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Boshqa tildagi maqolaga oʻting. 125 ta tilda mavjud" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-125" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">125 ta til</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joernalistiek" title="Joernalistiek – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Joernalistiek" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journalismus" title="Journalismus – nemis (Shveytsariya)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Journalismus" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="nemis (Shveytsariya)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodismo" title="Periodismo – aragon" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Periodismo" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A9" title="صحافة – arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="صحافة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE" title="সাংবাদিকতা – assam" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="সাংবাদিকতা" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodismu" title="Periodismu – asturiy" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Periodismu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jurnalistika" title="Jurnalistika – ozarbayjon" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Jurnalistika" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="ozarbayjon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B2%D8%A6%D8%AA%D9%87%E2%80%8C%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="قزئته‌چیلیک – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="قزئته‌چیلیک" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Журналистика – boshqird" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Журналистика" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="boshqird" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journalismus" title="Journalismus – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Journalismus" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Журналістыка – belarus" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Журналістыка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Журналістыка – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Журналістыка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepemberitaan" title="Kepemberitaan – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Kepemberitaan" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Журналистика – bolgar" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Журналистика" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bolgar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="पत्रकारिता – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="पत्रकारिता" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE" title="সাংবাদিকতা – bengal" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সাংবাদিকতা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%91%E0%BC%8D" title="གསར་འགོད། – tibet" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="གསར་འགོད།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibet" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazetennerezh" title="Kazetennerezh – breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kazetennerezh" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novinarstvo" title="Novinarstvo – bosniy" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Novinarstvo" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodisme" title="Periodisme – katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Periodisme" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Журналистика – chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Журналистика" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%95%DB%86%DA%98%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%95%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="ڕۆژنامەوانی – sorani-kurd" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڕۆژنامەوانی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani-kurd" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jurnalistika" title="Jurnalistika – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Jurnalistika" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDurnalistika" title="Žurnalistika – chex" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Žurnalistika" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="chex" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Журналистика – chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Журналистика" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newyddiaduraeth" title="Newyddiaduraeth – valliy" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Newyddiaduraeth" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="valliy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journalistik" title="Journalistik – dan" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Journalistik" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journalismus" title="Journalismus – nemischa" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Journalismus" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="nemischa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%82%DE%AB%DE%90%DE%B0%DE%88%DE%AC%DE%83%DE%A8%DE%82%DE%B0" title="ނޫސްވެރިން – divexi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ނޫސްވެރިން" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="divexi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%B3%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%86%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Δημοσιογραφία – grek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Δημοσιογραφία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journalism" title="Journalism – inglizcha" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Journalism" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglizcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B4urnalismo" title="Ĵurnalismo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ĵurnalismo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodismo" title="Periodismo – ispancha" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Periodismo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="ispancha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajakirjandus" title="Ajakirjandus – estoncha" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ajakirjandus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoncha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazetaritza" title="Kazetaritza – bask" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kazetaritza" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="bask" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pediorismu" title="Pediorismu – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Pediorismu" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="روزنامه‌نگاری – fors" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="روزنامه‌نگاری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="fors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journalismi" title="Journalismi – fincha" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Journalismi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="fincha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aokir%C3%A4nd%C3%BCs" title="Aokirändüs – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Aokirändüs" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journalisme" title="Journalisme – fransuzcha" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Journalisme" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransuzcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iriseoireacht" title="Iriseoireacht – irland" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Iriseoireacht" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journalism" title="Journalism – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Journalism" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xornalismo" title="Xornalismo – galisiy" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Xornalismo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galisiy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marandu%27as%C3%A3i" title="Marandu'asãi – guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Marandu'asãi" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AA%E0%AA%A4%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%95%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%A4%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B5" title="પત્રકારત્વ – gujarot" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="પત્રકારત્વ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gujarot" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journalism" title="Journalism – xausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Journalism" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="xausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%95%D7%AA" title="עיתונאות – ivrit" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="עיתונאות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ivrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="पत्रकारिता – hind" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पत्रकारिता" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hind" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrkarita" title="Patrkarita – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Patrkarita" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novinarstvo" title="Novinarstvo – xorvat" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Novinarstvo" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="xorvat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Ajs%C3%A1g%C3%ADr%C3%A1s" title="Újságírás – venger" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Újságírás" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="venger" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BA%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BC%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%A1" title="Ժուռնալիստիկա – arman" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ժուռնալիստիկա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jornalismo" title="Jornalismo – interlingva" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Jornalismo" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingva" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kewartawanan" title="Kewartawanan – indonez" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kewartawanan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonez" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bla%C3%B0amennska" title="Blaðamennska – island" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Blaðamennska" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="island" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giornalismo" title="Giornalismo – italyan" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Giornalismo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italyan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A0%B1%E9%81%93" title="報道 – yapon" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="報道" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="yapon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joernalizim" title="Joernalizim – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Joernalizim" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jurnalistik" title="Jurnalistik – yavan" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Jurnalistik" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="yavan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ta%C9%A3amsa" title="Taɣamsa – kabil" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Taɣamsa" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Журналистика – qozoqcha" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Журналистика" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="qozoqcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%87%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%88%E1%9E%81%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%90%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%8C%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%93" title="វិជ្ជាជីវៈខាងសារព័ត៌មាន – xmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="វិជ្ជាជីវៈខាងសារព័ត៌មាន" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="xmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%AE" title="ಪತ್ರಿಕೋದ್ಯಮ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಪತ್ರಿಕೋದ್ಯಮ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%80%EB%84%90%EB%A6%AC%EC%A6%98" title="저널리즘 – koreyscha" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="저널리즘" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreyscha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Журналистика – qorachoy-bolqor" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Журналистика" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="qorachoy-bolqor" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rojnameger%C3%AE" title="Rojnamegerî – kurdcha" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Rojnamegerî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jornalieth" title="Jornalieth – korn" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Jornalieth" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="korn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Журналистика – qirgʻizcha" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Журналистика" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="qirgʻizcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diurnariorum_ars" title="Diurnariorum ars – lotincha" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Diurnariorum ars" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="lotincha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journalismus" title="Journalismus – lyuksemburgcha" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Journalismus" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="lyuksemburgcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giornalism" title="Giornalism – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Giornalism" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDurnalistika" title="Žurnalistika – litva" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Žurnalistika" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litva" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDurn%C4%81listika" title="Žurnālistika – latishcha" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Žurnālistika" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latishcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Новинарство – makedon" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Новинарство" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%82" title="പത്രപ്രവർത്തനം – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പത്രപ്രവർത്തനം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%B3%D2%AF%D2%AF%D0%BB_%D0%B7%D2%AF%D0%B9" title="Сэтгүүл зүй – mongol" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Сэтгүүл зүй" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="वृत्तपत्रविद्या – maratxi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="वृत्तपत्रविद्या" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="maratxi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kewartawanan" title="Kewartawanan – malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kewartawanan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%90%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%85%E1%80%AC%E1%80%95%E1%80%8A%E1%80%AC" title="သတင်းစာပညာ – birman" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="သတင်းစာပညာ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="पत्रकारिता – nepal" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="पत्रकारिता" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="पत्रकारिता – nevar" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="पत्रकारिता" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="nevar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journalistiek" title="Journalistiek – niderland" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Journalistiek" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="niderland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journalistikk" title="Journalistikk – norveg-nyunorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Journalistikk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norveg-nyunorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journalistikk" title="Journalistikk – norveg-bokmal" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Journalistikk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norveg-bokmal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jornalisme" title="Jornalisme – oksitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Jornalisme" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80" title="ਪੱਤਰਕਾਰੀ – panjobcha" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪੱਤਰਕਾਰੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="panjobcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dziennikarstwo" title="Dziennikarstwo – polyakcha" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Dziennikarstwo" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polyakcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AA" title="صحافت – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="صحافت" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A" title="خبريالي – pushtu" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="خبريالي" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pushtu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jornalismo" title="Jornalismo – portugalcha" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Jornalismo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willay_kamayuy" title="Willay kamayuy – kechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Willay kamayuy" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="kechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jurnalism" title="Jurnalism – rumincha" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Jurnalism" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumincha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Журналистика – ruscha" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Журналистика" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruscha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Журналістіка – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Журналістіка" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Журналистика – saxa" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Журналистика" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="saxa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jurnalismu" title="Jurnalismu – sitsiliya" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Jurnalismu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sitsiliya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AA" title="صحافت – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="صحافت" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novinarstvo" title="Novinarstvo – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Novinarstvo" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B4%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="පුවත්පත් කලාව – singal" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="පුවත්පත් කලාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journalism" title="Journalism – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Journalism" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDurnalistika" title="Žurnalistika – slovakcha" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Žurnalistika" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novinarstvo" title="Novinarstvo – slovencha" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Novinarstvo" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovencha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warbaahin" title="Warbaahin – somalicha" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Warbaahin" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somalicha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazetaria" title="Gazetaria – alban" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gazetaria" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="alban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Новинарство – serbcha" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Новинарство" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journalistik" title="Journalistik – shved" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Journalistik" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="shved" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uandishi_wa_habari" title="Uandishi wa habari – suaxili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Uandishi wa habari" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suaxili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%8A%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="ஊடகவியல் – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஊடகவியல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%96%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF" title="విలేఖరి – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="విలేఖరి" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D3%AF%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D3%A3" title="Рӯзноманигорӣ – tojik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Рӯзноманигорӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tojik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="วารสารศาสตร์ – tay" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="วารสารศาสตร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pamamahayag" title="Pamamahayag – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Pamamahayag" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazetecilik" title="Gazetecilik – turk" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Gazetecilik" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Журналистика – tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Журналистика" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%DA%86%D9%89%D9%84%D9%89%D9%82" title="ئاخباراتچىلىق – uyg‘ur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئاخباراتچىلىق" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uyg‘ur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Журналістика – ukrain" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Журналістика" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AA" title="صحافت – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="صحافت" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDurnalistik" title="Žurnalistik – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Žurnalistik" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A1o_ch%C3%AD" title="Báo chí – vyetnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Báo chí" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vyetnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peryodismo" title="Peryodismo – varay" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Peryodismo" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="varay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E9%97%BB%E5%AD%A6" title="新闻学 – vu xitoy" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="新闻学" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="vu xitoy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%96%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D" title="זשורנאליזם – idish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="זשורנאליזם" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="idish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E9%97%BB%E5%AD%A6" title="新闻学 – xitoy" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="新闻学" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="xitoy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B2-t%C5%8D" title="Pò-tō – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Pò-tō" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E%E5%AD%B8" title="新聞學 – kanton" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="新聞學" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kanton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q11030#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Tillararo ishoratlarni tahrirlash" class="wbc-editpage">Ishoratlarni tahrirla</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Nomfazolar"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Vikipediya, ochiq ensiklopediya</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="uz" dir="ltr"><p><b>Jurnalistika</b> – ijtimoiy faoliyat turi. Bu faoliyat egalari (jurnalistlar) ijtimoiy dolzarb axborotlarni toʻplash, tahlil qilish va ommaviy axborot vositalari (matbuot, radio, televideniye, axborot agentliklari va boshqalar) orqali tarqatish bilan shugʻullanadi. Jurnalistika – bu „kun yangiliklari“ boʻlgan va jamiyatni hech boʻlmaganda maʼlum darajada aniqlik bilan xabardor qiladigan voqealar, faktlar, gʻoyalar va odamlarning oʻzaro taʼsiri toʻgʻrisidagi xabarlarni tayyorlash va tarqatishdir. Soʻz, kasb, maʼlumot toʻplash usullari va adabiy uslublarni tashkil qilish uchun qoʻllanadi. Jurnalistika ommaviy targʻibot va tashviqot shakllaridan biri. Jurnalistlar oʻzlarining koʻp kuchlarini asosiy manbalar bilan ishlashga bagʻishlaydilar, tadqiqot ishi yoki boshqa badiiy boʻlmagan maqolalar tez-tez ensiklopediya, ilmiy maqola yoki boshqa ikkinchi yoki uchinchi manbalarga murojaat qilishlari mumkin. Jurnalist oʻz hikoyasini tadqiq qilib, yozayotganda, koʻpincha odamlar boshdan kechirgan narsalar haqida tushunchaga ega boʻlish uchun siyosatchilardan tortib oddiy fuqarogacha boʻlgan bir qancha shaxslardan intervyu oladi va jurnalistlar oʻz hikoyalarini ragʻbatlantiradi va shakllantiradi. Jurnalistikaning xususiyati, maqsadi jamiyatning ijtimoiy tabiatiga bogʻliq. Jurnalistika atamasi dastlab jurnallar majmuyiga, keyinchalik barcha davriy nashrlarga nisbatan qoʻllangan. Endilikda jurnalistika iborasi jurnalistika faoliyati mahsulini, shu bilan bogʻliq kasblar majmuini, shuningdek, shu sohaga oid taʼlimni va fan tarmogʻini ham anglatadi. Jurnalistika faoliyati tarkibiga matbuot, radio, televideniye, axborot agentliklari, hujjatli kino va boshqalar kiradi. </p><p>Jurnalistika tizimidagi axborot vositalari ommaning kundalik dolzarb ijtimoiy va maxsus axborotga boʻlgan ehtiyojini krshshrishda asosan publitsistikata tayanadi, shuningdek, muhim ijtimoiy masalalarni talqin qiluvchi ilmiy, badiiy va boshqa asarlardan ham foydalanadi. Jurnalistika tizimidagi axborot vositalari oʻz faoliyatida maʼlum davriylikka va tezkorlikka amal qiladi. </p><p>Internet va smartfonlarning keng tarqalishi 21-asr boshidan buyon media landshaftiga sezilarli oʻzgarishlar olib keldi. Bu bosma ommaviy axborot vositalarini isteʼmol qilishda siljishni yaratdi, chunki odamlar gazetalar, jurnallar yoki televizion yangiliklar kanallarining anʼanaviy formatlaridan farqli oʻlaroq, elektron oʻquvchilar, smartfonlar va boshqa shaxsiy elektron qurilmalar orqali yangiliklarni tobora koʻproq isteʼmol qilmoqdalar. Yangilik tashkilotlari oʻzlarining raqamli qanotlarini toʻliq monetizatsiya qilishlari, shuningdek, bosma nashrlarda nashr etayotgan kontekstni improvizatsiya qilishlari kerak. Gazetalar bosma daromadlar raqamli daromadlarning oʻsish sur’atlariga qaraganda tezroq pasayganini koʻrishdi. </p><p>Axborotni toʻplash, tahlil qilish va tarqatishga yoʻnaltirilgan ijtimoiy faoliyatning dastlabki kurtaklari qadim-qadimda paydo boʻlgan. Odamlarni ijtimoiy turmushda sodir boʻlayotgan voqealardan xabardor qilish, ularga axborot vositasida maʼlum gʻoyaviy-ruhiy taʼsir oʻtkazish turli shakl va usullarda namoyon boʻlgan. Ogʻzaki axborot notiqlar, jarchilar tomonidan yetkazilgan. Yozma maʼlumotlar esa, masalan, Qadimgi Misrda papiruslarga bitilib, tarqatilgan. Qadimgi Rimda eʼlonlardan, qoʻlyozmalardan foydalanilgan. </p><p>Hozirgi davr jurnaistikasi dastlab XVII asr boshidagi ilk davriy bosma nashrlar qiyofasida yuzaga kelgan. XIX asrning 2-yarmi va XX asrda fotografiya hamda kinematografiyannng kashf qilinishi tufayli foto va kinojurnalistika tashkil topdi. XX asrning 20-yillaridan eʼtiboran radiotexnika yutuklari asosida radiojurnalistika taraqqiy qila boshladi, 40-yillarlarda esa telejurnalistika maydonga keldi. </p><p>Ommaviy axborot paydo boʻlishi va rivojlanishi bilan umumiy saviyasi va kasbiy mahorati yuksak jurnalistlarga ehtiyoj kuchaya bordi. Ana shu ehtiyoj taqozosi turli mamlakatlarda maxsus jurnalistik taʼlimini yuzaga keltirdi. Jurnalistikaning siyosiy yoʻnalishi jihatidan birbiridan farq qiluvchi bir nechta turi tarkib topdi, faoliyatning ijtimoiy hayotdagi oʻrni va vazifasiga doyr turlicha qarashlar yuzaga keldi. Chunonchi, kommunistik jurnalistika faoliyatiga partiyaviylik, sinfiylik asos qilib olindi. Bu hol koʻp hollarda umuminsoniy maʼnoda axborot sohasida inson haq-huquqlari va erkinliklarining cheklanishiga, qoʻpol ravishda poymol qilinishiga olib keldi. </p><p>Jurnalistika, gazetalar, jurnallar, kitoblar, bloglar, veb-koʻrsatuvlar, podkastlar, ijtimoiy tarmoqlar va ijtimoiy media saytlari, elektron pochta kabi bosma va elektron ommaviy axborot vositalari orqali yangiliklar va tegishli sharhlar va badiiy materiallarni toʻplash, tayyorlash va tarqatish radio, kino va televidenie orqali. Jurnalistika soʻzi dastlab bosma shaklda, xususan, gazetalarda dolzarb voqealarni reportaj qilish uchun qoʻllangan, ammo 20-asrda radio, televidenie va Internet paydo boʻlishi bilan atamaning qoʻllanishi barcha bosma va elektron aloqalarni oʻz ichiga olgan holda kengaytirildi. </p><p>Jurnalistika taraqqiyoti qator omillarga bogʻliq boʻlib, siyosiy erkinliklar, birinchi galda, matbuot erkinligi bu omillar orasida alohida oʻrin egallaydi. Matbuot erkinligi demokratik jamiyat rivojining zaruriy sharti hisoblanadi. Jurnalistika erkin faoliyat sharoitidagina jamiyat aʼzolarini xolis va haqqoniy axborot bilan taʼminlay oladi, davlat va jamiyat oʻrtasida oʻzini vositachi sifatida namoyon etadi. </p><p>Oʻzbekistonda jurnalistika XIX asrning 2-yarmida paydo boʻldi. Uning tarixi Toshkentda chiqarilgan „Turkestanskiye vedomosti“ va „Turkiston viloyatining gazeta“ kabi rasmiy davriy nashrlardan boshlanadi. XX asrning 1- va 2-oʻn yilligida Oʻzbekistonda asosiy eʼtiborni milliy taraqqiyotni taʼminlashga qodir maʼrifatli insonlarni tarbiyalashga yoʻnaltirilgan xususiy milliy gazeta va jurnallar („Taraqqiy“, „Xurshid“, „Sadoi Turkiston“, „Samarqand“, „Oyina“ va boshqalar) ham faoliyat koʻrsatdi. Shoʻro tuzumi davrida Oʻzbekistonda davriy matbuot tarmogʻi respublika, viloyat va tuman miqyosida chiqadigan umumsiyosiy va tarmoq gazetalari, shuningdek, yangi jurnallar hisobiga kengaydi, ayni paytda Oʻzbekistonda radiojurnalistika va telejurnalistika ham tarkib topdi. Lekin bular mustabid tuzum koʻzlagan siyosiy, iqtisodiy va mafkuraviy maqsadlarga xizmat qilishga mahkum edi. </p><p>Oʻzbekiston davlat mustaqilligiga erishgach, respublika jurnalistikasi demokratik bosqichga qadam qoʻydi va jamiyatni demokratik tarzda yangilash, huquqiy demokratik davlat barpo qilishga koʻmaklashayotgan yangi tizim shakllana boshladi. 1997-yilda „Axborot olish kafolatlari va erkinligi toʻgʻrisida“, „Jurnalistik faoliyatni himoya qilish toʻgʻrisida“, „Ommaviy axborot vositalari toʻgʻrisida“ qonunlar qabul qilindi. Shuningdek, Oʻzbekiston Respublikasi Vazirlar Mahkamasining 1999-yilning 26-fevralida „Jurnalist kadrlarni tayyorlash va qayta tayyorlash tizimini takomillashtirish toʻgʻrisida“ gi qarori eʼlon qilindi. Mazkur hujjatlar respublikamizda jurnalist kadrlar tayyorlash va qayta tayyorlash tizimini takomillashtirish hamda dunyo andozalari darajasiga koʻtarish yoʻlida gʻoyat muhim ahamiyatga egadir. Shundan beri oʻtgan vakt mobaynida bu qonunlar va qarorni amalga oshirish yoʻlida ancha ishlar qilindi. Istiklol tufayli respublika jurnalistlarining ijtimoiy hayot voqea va hodisalarini tahlil qilish va yoritishga yondashuvi ham tubdan oʻzgardi. Endilikda jurnalistlar ijtimoiy jarayonlarni tahlil qilish va yoritishda ilmiy bilimlarga, umuminsoniy va milliy qadriyatlarga, xalqaro hamjamiyat eʼtirof etgan umumdemokratik qoidalarga tayanmoqda. </p><p>Jurnalistika tizimining shakllanish jarayonida respublikada jurnalist ixtisosi boʻyicha maxsus oliy taʼlimga ham asos solindi. 1949-yilda Oʻrta Osiyo davlat universiteti (hozirgi OʻzMU)ning filologiya fakulteti qoshida oliy maʼlumotli jurnalistlar tayyorlaydigan maxsus boʻlim tashkil qilindi. Bu boʻlim 1967-yilda mustaqil fakultetga aylantirildi. Oʻzbekiston Respublikasi Oliy Majlisining qarori bilan (1996-yil 26-aprel) „Oʻzbekiston Respublikasida xizmat koʻrsatgan jurnalist“ faxriy unvoni taʼsis etildi. Oliy maʼlumotli jurnalistlar OʻzMUdan tashqari, Nukus davlat universitetida, shuningdek, Oʻzbekiston jahon tillari universiteti hamda Oʻzbekiston jurnalistika va ommaviy kommunikatsiyalar universitetida ham tayyorlanadi. 1997-yildan OʻzR Prezidenti huzuridagi Davlat va jamiyat qurilishi akademiyasida jurnalistlarni qayta tayyorlash Xalqaro ijtimoiy markazi faoliyat koʻrsatadi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Adabiyot">Adabiyot</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jurnalistika&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Adabiyot" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jurnalistika&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Adabiyot"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Cherepaxov M. S, Problemi teorii publitsistiki, M., 1973; Matbuotimiz fidoyilari [3 jildli; tuzuvchi va nashrga tayyorlovchi 3. I. Yesenboyev], 1—2j.lar, T., 1991, 1993; Pidayev T., Matbuot – millat chirogʻi, T., 1999; Sulaymonov I., Men— jurnalistman, T., 2001.</li></ul> <p>Tohir Pidayev.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Manbalar">Manbalar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jurnalistika&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Manbalar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jurnalistika&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Manbalar"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3605845">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/O%CA%BBzME" class="mw-redirect" title="OʻzME">OʻzME</a>. Birinchi jild. Toshkent, 2000-yil</span> </li> </ol></div></div><p>2. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://owl.purdue.edu/">https://owl.purdue.edu/</a> 3. ournals.sagepub.com</p><table class="metadata plainlinks stub" align="center" role="presentation" style="background:transparent"><tbody><tr><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Stub_W.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Stub ikona"><img alt="Stub ikona" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Stub_W.svg/50px-Stub_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Stub_W.svg/75px-Stub_W.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Stub_W.svg/100px-Stub_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td><center><i>Ushbu maqola <a href="/wiki/Vikipediya:Chala_maqolalar" class="mw-redirect" title="Vikipediya:Chala maqolalar">chaladir</a>. 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