CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html > <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/open_search.xml" title="Academia.edu"> <meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" name="viewport"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="bKJMBZA7E43xhDOopFZkssMMkBRjvYERV-NaN4R6mrs"> <meta name="csrf-param" content="authenticity_token" /> <meta name="csrf-token" content="2CdRiptK2b4n7Pmw2y697gSICqsKXstT0MS7Eu6CYK3a4eJ0gyGKP/Qfsbh/tXmW0Msd/YCJnSbkwdb81K7XlQ==" /> <meta name="citation_title" content="Rapid and sensitive detection of Citrus Bacterial Canker by loop-mediated isothermal amplification combined with simple visual evaluation methods" /> <meta name="citation_publication_date" content="2010" /> <meta name="citation_journal_title" content="BMC Microbiology" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Luciano A Rigano" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="María R Marano" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Atilio P Castagnaro" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Alexandre Morais Do Amaral" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Adrian A Vojnov" /> <meta name="citation_volume" content="10" /> <meta name="citation_issue" content="1" /> <meta name="citation_firstpage" content="176" /> <meta name="citation_issn" content="1471-2180" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /> <meta name="twitter:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/9641536/Rapid_and_sensitive_detection_of_Citrus_Bacterial_Canker_by_loop_mediated_isothermal_amplification_combined_with_simple_visual_evaluation_methods" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Rapid and sensitive detection of Citrus Bacterial Canker by loop-mediated isothermal amplification combined with simple visual evaluation methods" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Background Citrus Bacterial Canker (CBC) is a major, highly contagious disease of citrus plants present in many countries in Asia, Africa and America, but not in the Mediterranean area. There are three types of Citrus Bacterial Canker, named A, B," /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="http://a.academia-assets.com/images/twitter-card.jpeg" /> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="2369844204" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/9641536/Rapid_and_sensitive_detection_of_Citrus_Bacterial_Canker_by_loop_mediated_isothermal_amplification_combined_with_simple_visual_evaluation_methods" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Rapid and sensitive detection of Citrus Bacterial Canker by loop-mediated isothermal amplification combined with simple visual evaluation methods" /> <meta property="og:image" content="http://a.academia-assets.com/images/open-graph-icons/fb-paper.gif" /> <meta property="og:description" content="Background Citrus Bacterial Canker (CBC) is a major, highly contagious disease of citrus plants present in many countries in Asia, Africa and America, but not in the Mediterranean area. There are three types of Citrus Bacterial Canker, named A, B," /> <meta property="article:author" content="https://dfsg.academia.edu/AlexandrFG" /> <meta name="description" content="Background Citrus Bacterial Canker (CBC) is a major, highly contagious disease of citrus plants present in many countries in Asia, Africa and America, but not in the Mediterranean area. There are three types of Citrus Bacterial Canker, named A, B," /> <title>(PDF) Rapid and sensitive detection of Citrus Bacterial Canker by loop-mediated isothermal amplification combined with simple visual evaluation methods | Alexandr FG - Academia.edu</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/9641536/Rapid_and_sensitive_detection_of_Citrus_Bacterial_Canker_by_loop_mediated_isothermal_amplification_combined_with_simple_visual_evaluation_methods" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "single_work", 'action': "show", 'controller_action': 'single_work#show', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script> var $controller_name = 'single_work'; var $action_name = "show"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = '49879c2402910372f4abc62630a427bbe033d190'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.require = { config: function() { return function() {} } } </script> <script> window.Aedu = window.Aedu || {}; window.Aedu.hit_data = null; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1732390948000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1732390948000; </script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ScholarlyArticle","abstract":"Background Citrus Bacterial Canker (CBC) is a major, highly contagious disease of citrus plants present in many countries in Asia, Africa and America, but not in the Mediterranean area. There are three types of Citrus Bacterial Canker, named A, B, and C that have different genotypes and posses variation in host range within citrus species. The causative agent for type A CBC is Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri, while Xanthomonas fuscans subsp. aurantifolii, strain B causes type B CBC and Xanthomonas fuscans subsp. aurantifolii strain C causes CBC type C. The early and accurate identification of those bacteria is essential for the protection of the citrus industry. Detection methods based on bacterial isolation, antibodies or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) have been developed previously; however, these approaches may be time consuming, laborious and, in the case of PCR, it requires expensive laboratory equipment. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), which is a novel isothermal DNA amplification technique, is sensitive, specific, fast and requires no specialized laboratory equipment. Results A loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for the diagnosis of Citrus Bacterial Canker (CBC-LAMP) was developed and evaluated. DNA samples were obtained from infected plants or cultured bacteria. A typical ladder-like pattern on gel electrophoresis was observed in all positive samples in contrast to the negative controls. In addition, amplification products were detected by visual inspection using SYBRGreen and using a lateral flow dipstick, eliminating the need for gel electrophoresis. The sensitivity and specificity of the assay were evaluated in different conditions and using several sample sources which included purified DNA, bacterium culture and infected plant tissue. The sensitivity of the CBC-LAMP was 10 fg of pure Xcc DNA, 5 CFU in culture samples and 18 CFU in samples of infected plant tissue. No cross reaction was observed with DNA of other phytopathogenic bacteria. The assay was capable of detecting CBC-causing strains from several geographical origins and pathotypes. Conclusions The CBC-LAMP technique is a simple, fast, sensitive and specific method for the diagnosis of Citrus Bacterial Canker. This method can be useful in the phytosanitary programs of the citrus industry worldwide.","author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Alexandr FG"}],"contributor":[],"dateCreated":"2014-12-05","dateModified":"2021-07-11","datePublished":"2010-01-01","headline":"Rapid and sensitive detection of Citrus Bacterial Canker by loop-mediated isothermal amplification combined with simple visual evaluation methods","inLanguage":"en","keywords":[],"locationCreated":null,"publication":"BMC Microbiology","publisher":{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Organization","name":"Springer Nature"},"image":null,"thumbnailUrl":null,"url":"https://www.academia.edu/9641536/Rapid_and_sensitive_detection_of_Citrus_Bacterial_Canker_by_loop_mediated_isothermal_amplification_combined_with_simple_visual_evaluation_methods","sourceOrganization":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"EducationalOrganization","name":"dfsg"}]}</script><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_page/loswp-352e32ba4e89304dc0b4fa5b3952eef2198174c54cdb79066bc62e91c68a1a91.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/body-8d679e925718b5e8e4b18e9a4fab37f7eaa99e43386459376559080ac8f2856a.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/button-3cea6e0ad4715ed965c49bfb15dedfc632787b32ff6d8c3a474182b231146ab7.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/text_button-73590134e40cdb49f9abdc8e796cc00dc362693f3f0f6137d6cf9bb78c318ce7.css" /><link crossorigin="" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com/" rel="preconnect" /><link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=DM+Sans:ital,opsz,wght@0,9..40,100..1000;1,9..40,100..1000&family=Gupter:wght@400;500;700&family=IBM+Plex+Mono:wght@300;400&family=Material+Symbols+Outlined:opsz,wght,FILL,GRAD@20,400,0,0&display=swap" rel="stylesheet" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/common-10fa40af19d25203774df2d4a03b9b5771b45109c2304968038e88a81d1215c5.css" /> </head> <body> <div id='react-modal'></div> <div class="js-upgrade-ie-banner" style="display: none; text-align: center; padding: 8px 0; background-color: #ebe480;"><p style="color: #000; font-size: 12px; margin: 0 0 4px;">Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer.</p><p style="color: #000; font-size: 12px; margin: 0;">To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to <a href="https://www.academia.edu/upgrade-browser">upgrade your browser</a>.</p></div><script>// Show this banner for all versions of IE if (!!window.MSInputMethodContext || /(MSIE)/.test(navigator.userAgent)) { document.querySelector('.js-upgrade-ie-banner').style.display = 'block'; }</script> <div class="bootstrap login"><div class="modal fade login-modal" id="login-modal"><div class="login-modal-dialog modal-dialog"><div class="modal-content"><div class="modal-header"><button class="close close" data-dismiss="modal" type="button"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span><span class="sr-only">Close</span></button><h4 class="modal-title text-center"><strong>Log In</strong></h4></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><button class="btn btn-fb btn-lg btn-block btn-v-center-content" id="login-facebook-oauth-button"><svg style="float: left; width: 19px; line-height: 1em; margin-right: .3em;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="facebook-square" class="svg-inline--fa fa-facebook-square fa-w-14" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M400 32H48A48 48 0 0 0 0 80v352a48 48 0 0 0 48 48h137.25V327.69h-63V256h63v-54.64c0-62.15 37-96.48 93.67-96.48 27.14 0 55.52 4.84 55.52 4.84v61h-31.27c-30.81 0-40.42 19.12-40.42 38.73V256h68.78l-11 71.69h-57.78V480H400a48 48 0 0 0 48-48V80a48 48 0 0 0-48-48z"></path></svg><small><strong>Log in</strong> with <strong>Facebook</strong></small></button><br /><button class="btn btn-google btn-lg btn-block btn-v-center-content" id="login-google-oauth-button"><svg style="float: left; width: 22px; line-height: 1em; margin-right: .3em;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="google-plus" class="svg-inline--fa fa-google-plus fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256,8C119.1,8,8,119.1,8,256S119.1,504,256,504,504,392.9,504,256,392.9,8,256,8ZM185.3,380a124,124,0,0,1,0-248c31.3,0,60.1,11,83,32.3l-33.6,32.6c-13.2-12.9-31.3-19.1-49.4-19.1-42.9,0-77.2,35.5-77.2,78.1S142.3,334,185.3,334c32.6,0,64.9-19.1,70.1-53.3H185.3V238.1H302.2a109.2,109.2,0,0,1,1.9,20.7c0,70.8-47.5,121.2-118.8,121.2ZM415.5,273.8v35.5H380V273.8H344.5V238.3H380V202.8h35.5v35.5h35.2v35.5Z"></path></svg><small><strong>Log in</strong> with <strong>Google</strong></small></button><br /><style type="text/css">.sign-in-with-apple-button { width: 100%; height: 52px; border-radius: 3px; border: 1px solid black; cursor: pointer; }</style><script src="https://appleid.cdn-apple.com/appleauth/static/jsapi/appleid/1/en_US/appleid.auth.js" type="text/javascript"></script><div class="sign-in-with-apple-button" data-border="false" data-color="white" id="appleid-signin"><span   ="Sign Up with Apple" class="u-fs11"></span></div><script>AppleID.auth.init({ clientId: 'edu.academia.applesignon', scope: 'name email', redirectURI: 'https://www.academia.edu/sessions', state: "6080051e6b6857afb5f1e43f33debce3711be10ba99fec598cd232c28fa347a8", });</script><script>// Hacky way of checking if on fast loswp if (window.loswp == null) { (function() { const Google = window?.Aedu?.Auth?.OauthButton?.Login?.Google; const Facebook = window?.Aedu?.Auth?.OauthButton?.Login?.Facebook; if (Google) { new Google({ el: '#login-google-oauth-button', rememberMeCheckboxId: 'remember_me', track: null }); } if (Facebook) { new Facebook({ el: '#login-facebook-oauth-button', rememberMeCheckboxId: 'remember_me', track: null }); } })(); }</script></div></div></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><div class="hr-heading login-hr-heading"><span class="hr-heading-text">or</span></div></div></div></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><form class="js-login-form" action="https://www.academia.edu/sessions" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="✓" autocomplete="off" /><input type="hidden" name="authenticity_token" value="opuHWFp3kTE8S3NTjVdk+/7DKHFk+m4xPL9U+xE6thqgXTSmQhzCsO+4O1spzKCDKoA/J+4tOEQIujkVKxYBIg==" autocomplete="off" /><div class="form-group"><label class="control-label" for="login-modal-email-input" style="font-size: 14px;">Email</label><input class="form-control" id="login-modal-email-input" name="login" type="email" /></div><div class="form-group"><label class="control-label" for="login-modal-password-input" style="font-size: 14px;">Password</label><input class="form-control" id="login-modal-password-input" name="password" type="password" /></div><input type="hidden" name="post_login_redirect_url" id="post_login_redirect_url" value="https://www.academia.edu/9641536/Rapid_and_sensitive_detection_of_Citrus_Bacterial_Canker_by_loop_mediated_isothermal_amplification_combined_with_simple_visual_evaluation_methods" autocomplete="off" /><div class="checkbox"><label><input type="checkbox" name="remember_me" id="remember_me" value="1" checked="checked" /><small style="font-size: 12px; margin-top: 2px; display: inline-block;">Remember me on this computer</small></label></div><br><input type="submit" name="commit" value="Log In" class="btn btn-primary btn-block btn-lg js-login-submit" data-disable-with="Log In" /></br></form><script>typeof window?.Aedu?.recaptchaManagedForm === 'function' && window.Aedu.recaptchaManagedForm( document.querySelector('.js-login-form'), document.querySelector('.js-login-submit') );</script><small style="font-size: 12px;"><br />or <a data-target="#login-modal-reset-password-container" data-toggle="collapse" href="javascript:void(0)">reset password</a></small><div class="collapse" id="login-modal-reset-password-container"><br /><div class="well margin-0x"><form class="js-password-reset-form" action="https://www.academia.edu/reset_password" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="✓" autocomplete="off" /><input type="hidden" name="authenticity_token" value="z/Vx8cpAKjb7W6XMxk4bTIYMeyafxvaUMrKYxe9uLX/NM8IP0it5tyio7cRi1d80Uk9scBURoOEGt/Ur1UKaRw==" autocomplete="off" /><p>Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link.</p><div class="form-group"><input class="form-control" name="email" type="email" /></div><input class="btn btn-primary btn-block g-recaptcha js-password-reset-submit" data-sitekey="6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj" type="submit" value="Email me a link" /></form></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/collapse-45805421cf446ca5adf7aaa1935b08a3a8d1d9a6cc5d91a62a2a3a00b20b3e6a.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb $("#login-modal-reset-password-container").on("shown.bs.collapse", function() { $(this).find("input[type=email]").focus(); }); }); </script> </div></div></div><div class="modal-footer"><div class="text-center"><small style="font-size: 12px;">Need an account? <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup">Click here to sign up</a></small></div></div></div></div></div></div><script>// If we are on subdomain or non-bootstrapped page, redirect to login page instead of showing modal (function(){ if (typeof $ === 'undefined') return; var host = window.location.hostname; if ((host === $domain || host === "www."+$domain) && (typeof $().modal === 'function')) { $("#nav_log_in").click(function(e) { // Don't follow the link and open the modal e.preventDefault(); $("#login-modal").on('shown.bs.modal', function() { $(this).find("#login-modal-email-input").focus() }).modal('show'); }); } })()</script> <div id="fb-root"></div><script>window.fbAsyncInit = function() { FB.init({ appId: "2369844204", version: "v8.0", status: true, cookie: true, xfbml: true }); // Additional initialization code. if (window.InitFacebook) { // facebook.ts already loaded, set it up. window.InitFacebook(); } else { // Set a flag for facebook.ts to find when it loads. window.academiaAuthReadyFacebook = true; } };</script> <div id="google-root"></div><script>window.loadGoogle = function() { if (window.InitGoogle) { // google.ts already loaded, set it up. window.InitGoogle("331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b"); } else { // Set a flag for google.ts to use when it loads. window.GoogleClientID = "331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b"; } };</script> <div class="header--container" id="main-header-container"><div class="header--inner-container header--inner-container-ds2"><div class="header-ds2--left-wrapper"><div class="header-ds2--left-wrapper-inner"><a data-main-header-link-target="logo_home" href="https://www.academia.edu/"><img class="hide-on-desktop-redesign" style="height: 24px; width: 24px;" alt="Academia.edu" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-redesign-2015-A.svg" width="24" height="24" /><img width="145.2" height="18" class="hide-on-mobile-redesign" style="height: 24px;" alt="Academia.edu" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-redesign-2015.svg" /></a><div class="header--search-container header--search-container-ds2"><form class="js-SiteSearch-form select2-no-default-pills" action="https://www.academia.edu/search" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="get"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="✓" autocomplete="off" /><svg style="width: 14px; height: 14px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="search" class="header--search-icon svg-inline--fa fa-search fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M505 442.7L405.3 343c-4.5-4.5-10.6-7-17-7H372c27.6-35.3 44-79.7 44-128C416 93.1 322.9 0 208 0S0 93.1 0 208s93.1 208 208 208c48.3 0 92.7-16.4 128-44v16.3c0 6.4 2.5 12.5 7 17l99.7 99.7c9.4 9.4 24.6 9.4 33.9 0l28.3-28.3c9.4-9.4 9.4-24.6.1-34zM208 336c-70.7 0-128-57.2-128-128 0-70.7 57.2-128 128-128 70.7 0 128 57.2 128 128 0 70.7-57.2 128-128 128z"></path></svg><input class="header--search-input header--search-input-ds2 js-SiteSearch-form-input" data-main-header-click-target="search_input" name="q" placeholder="Search" type="text" /></form></div></div></div><nav class="header--nav-buttons header--nav-buttons-ds2 js-main-nav"><a class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-header-login-url header-button-ds2 header-login-ds2 hide-on-mobile-redesign" href="https://www.academia.edu/login" rel="nofollow">Log In</a><a class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary header-button-ds2 hide-on-mobile-redesign" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup" rel="nofollow">Sign Up</a><button class="header--hamburger-button header--hamburger-button-ds2 hide-on-desktop-redesign js-header-hamburger-button"><div class="icon-bar"></div><div class="icon-bar" style="margin-top: 4px;"></div><div class="icon-bar" style="margin-top: 4px;"></div></button></nav></div><ul class="header--dropdown-container js-header-dropdown"><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/login" rel="nofollow">Log In</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup" rel="nofollow">Sign Up</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row js-header-dropdown-expand-button"><button class="header--dropdown-button">more<svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="caret-down" class="header--dropdown-button-icon svg-inline--fa fa-caret-down fa-w-10" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M31.3 192h257.3c17.8 0 26.7 21.5 14.1 34.1L174.1 354.8c-7.8 7.8-20.5 7.8-28.3 0L17.2 226.1C4.6 213.5 13.5 192 31.3 192z"></path></svg></button></li><li><ul class="header--expanded-dropdown-container"><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/about">About</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/press">Press</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://medium.com/@academia">Blog</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/documents">Papers</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/terms">Terms</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/privacy">Privacy</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/copyright">Copyright</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/hiring"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="briefcase" class="header--dropdown-row-icon svg-inline--fa fa-briefcase fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M320 336c0 8.84-7.16 16-16 16h-96c-8.84 0-16-7.16-16-16v-48H0v144c0 25.6 22.4 48 48 48h416c25.6 0 48-22.4 48-48V288H320v48zm144-208h-80V80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48H176c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v48H48c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v80h512v-80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48zm-144 0H192V96h128v32z"></path></svg>We're Hiring!</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://support.academia.edu/"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="question-circle" class="header--dropdown-row-icon svg-inline--fa fa-question-circle fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M504 256c0 136.997-111.043 248-248 248S8 392.997 8 256C8 119.083 119.043 8 256 8s248 111.083 248 248zM262.655 90c-54.497 0-89.255 22.957-116.549 63.758-3.536 5.286-2.353 12.415 2.715 16.258l34.699 26.31c5.205 3.947 12.621 3.008 16.665-2.122 17.864-22.658 30.113-35.797 57.303-35.797 20.429 0 45.698 13.148 45.698 32.958 0 14.976-12.363 22.667-32.534 33.976C247.128 238.528 216 254.941 216 296v4c0 6.627 5.373 12 12 12h56c6.627 0 12-5.373 12-12v-1.333c0-28.462 83.186-29.647 83.186-106.667 0-58.002-60.165-102-116.531-102zM256 338c-25.365 0-46 20.635-46 46 0 25.364 20.635 46 46 46s46-20.636 46-46c0-25.365-20.635-46-46-46z"></path></svg>Help Center</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row js-header-dropdown-collapse-button"><button class="header--dropdown-button">less<svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="caret-up" class="header--dropdown-button-icon svg-inline--fa fa-caret-up fa-w-10" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M288.662 352H31.338c-17.818 0-26.741-21.543-14.142-34.142l128.662-128.662c7.81-7.81 20.474-7.81 28.284 0l128.662 128.662c12.6 12.599 3.676 34.142-14.142 34.142z"></path></svg></button></li></ul></li></ul></div> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/fast_loswp-bundle-bf3d831cde46cd0e142f29f81a3fc4ce5ab45a404c10c12a480e83de68aff851.js" defer="defer"></script><script>window.loswp = {}; window.loswp.author = 22978851; window.loswp.bulkDownloadFilterCounts = {}; window.loswp.hasDownloadableAttachment = true; window.loswp.hasViewableAttachments = true; // TODO: just use routes for this window.loswp.loginUrl = "https://www.academia.edu/login?post_login_redirect_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F9641536%2FRapid_and_sensitive_detection_of_Citrus_Bacterial_Canker_by_loop_mediated_isothermal_amplification_combined_with_simple_visual_evaluation_methods%3Fauto%3Ddownload"; window.loswp.translateUrl = "https://www.academia.edu/login?post_login_redirect_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F9641536%2FRapid_and_sensitive_detection_of_Citrus_Bacterial_Canker_by_loop_mediated_isothermal_amplification_combined_with_simple_visual_evaluation_methods%3Fshow_translation%3Dtrue"; window.loswp.previewableAttachments = [{"id":47694119,"identifier":"Attachment_47694119","shouldShowBulkDownload":false}]; window.loswp.shouldDetectTimezone = true; window.loswp.shouldShowBulkDownload = true; window.loswp.showSignupCaptcha = false window.loswp.willEdgeCache = false; window.loswp.work = {"work":{"id":9641536,"created_at":"2014-12-05T16:59:28.030-08:00","from_world_paper_id":128609548,"updated_at":"2021-01-17T12:43:19.457-08:00","_data":{"abstract":"Background Citrus Bacterial Canker (CBC) is a major, highly contagious disease of citrus plants present in many countries in Asia, Africa and America, but not in the Mediterranean area. There are three types of Citrus Bacterial Canker, named A, B, and C that have different genotypes and posses variation in host range within citrus species. The causative agent for type A CBC is Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri, while Xanthomonas fuscans subsp. aurantifolii, strain B causes type B CBC and Xanthomonas fuscans subsp. aurantifolii strain C causes CBC type C. The early and accurate identification of those bacteria is essential for the protection of the citrus industry. Detection methods based on bacterial isolation, antibodies or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) have been developed previously; however, these approaches may be time consuming, laborious and, in the case of PCR, it requires expensive laboratory equipment. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), which is a novel isothermal DNA amplification technique, is sensitive, specific, fast and requires no specialized laboratory equipment. Results A loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for the diagnosis of Citrus Bacterial Canker (CBC-LAMP) was developed and evaluated. DNA samples were obtained from infected plants or cultured bacteria. A typical ladder-like pattern on gel electrophoresis was observed in all positive samples in contrast to the negative controls. In addition, amplification products were detected by visual inspection using SYBRGreen and using a lateral flow dipstick, eliminating the need for gel electrophoresis. The sensitivity and specificity of the assay were evaluated in different conditions and using several sample sources which included purified DNA, bacterium culture and infected plant tissue. The sensitivity of the CBC-LAMP was 10 fg of pure Xcc DNA, 5 CFU in culture samples and 18 CFU in samples of infected plant tissue. No cross reaction was observed with DNA of other phytopathogenic bacteria. The assay was capable of detecting CBC-causing strains from several geographical origins and pathotypes. Conclusions The CBC-LAMP technique is a simple, fast, sensitive and specific method for the diagnosis of Citrus Bacterial Canker. This method can be useful in the phytosanitary programs of the citrus industry worldwide.","publication_date":"2010,,","publication_name":"BMC Microbiology"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Rapid and sensitive detection of Citrus Bacterial Canker by loop-mediated isothermal amplification combined with simple visual evaluation methods","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [22978851]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "control"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loswp.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":47694119,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Rapid and sensitive detection of Citrus Bacterial Canker by loop-mediated isothermal amplification combined with simple visual evaluation methods”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/47694119/mini_magick20190206-12407-1en203h.png?1549444653" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_splash/adobe.icon-574afd46eb6b03a77a153a647fb47e30546f9215c0ee6a25df597a779717f9ef.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Rapid and sensitive detection of Citrus Bacterial Canker by loop-mediated isothermal amplification combined with simple visual evaluation methods</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="22978851" href="https://dfsg.academia.edu/AlexandrFG"><img alt="Profile image of Alexandr FG" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/s65_no_pic.png" />Alexandr FG</a></div><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2010, BMC Microbiology</p><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">Background Citrus Bacterial Canker (CBC) is a major, highly contagious disease of citrus plants present in many countries in Asia, Africa and America, but not in the Mediterranean area. There are three types of Citrus Bacterial Canker, named A, B, and C that have different genotypes and posses variation in host range within citrus species. The causative agent for type A CBC is Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri, while Xanthomonas fuscans subsp. aurantifolii, strain B causes type B CBC and Xanthomonas fuscans subsp. aurantifolii strain C causes CBC type C. The early and accurate identification of those bacteria is essential for the protection of the citrus industry. Detection methods based on bacterial isolation, antibodies or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) have been developed previously; however, these approaches may be time consuming, laborious and, in the case of PCR, it requires expensive laboratory equipment. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), which is a novel isothermal DNA amplification technique, is sensitive, specific, fast and requires no specialized laboratory equipment. Results A loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for the diagnosis of Citrus Bacterial Canker (CBC-LAMP) was developed and evaluated. DNA samples were obtained from infected plants or cultured bacteria. A typical ladder-like pattern on gel electrophoresis was observed in all positive samples in contrast to the negative controls. In addition, amplification products were detected by visual inspection using SYBRGreen and using a lateral flow dipstick, eliminating the need for gel electrophoresis. The sensitivity and specificity of the assay were evaluated in different conditions and using several sample sources which included purified DNA, bacterium culture and infected plant tissue. The sensitivity of the CBC-LAMP was 10 fg of pure Xcc DNA, 5 CFU in culture samples and 18 CFU in samples of infected plant tissue. No cross reaction was observed with DNA of other phytopathogenic bacteria. The assay was capable of detecting CBC-causing strains from several geographical origins and pathotypes. Conclusions The CBC-LAMP technique is a simple, fast, sensitive and specific method for the diagnosis of Citrus Bacterial Canker. This method can be useful in the phytosanitary programs of the citrus industry worldwide.</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":47694119,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/9641536/Rapid_and_sensitive_detection_of_Citrus_Bacterial_Canker_by_loop_mediated_isothermal_amplification_combined_with_simple_visual_evaluation_methods"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":47694119,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/9641536/Rapid_and_sensitive_detection_of_Citrus_Bacterial_Canker_by_loop_mediated_isothermal_amplification_combined_with_simple_visual_evaluation_methods"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div></div><div data-auto_select="false" data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" data-doc_id="47694119" data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/9641536/Rapid_and_sensitive_detection_of_Citrus_Bacterial_Canker_by_loop_mediated_isothermal_amplification_combined_with_simple_visual_evaluation_methods" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><div class="ds-top-related-works--grid-container"><div class="ds-related-content--container ds-top-related-works--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="34499546" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/34499546/Assessment_and_molecular_characterization_of_citrus_canker_causing_pathotypes">Assessment and molecular characterization of citrus canker causing pathotypes</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="67989177" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SumyiaIqbal">Sumyia Iqbal</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Citrus is one of the most popular and significant commercial fruit of Pakistan. Outbreak of Citrus Canker diseased in different varieties causes enormous economic loss. The present research work was conducted to identify and characterize citrus canker causing Pathotypes in citrus varieties from the orchards of Khanpur, district Haripur and Islamabad (National Agriculture Research Council). The survey was conducted in orchards of Khanpur and Islamabad during March, 2015 to find out the incidence, prevalence, severity and disease index as well as for sampling from selected orchards. Varieties encountered during the survey included Grapefruit, Malta (musambi), Red Blood, Ruby Blood and Lemon. Causal organisms were isolated and grown on nutrient agar (NA) and Potato dextrose agar (PDA) for morphological studies. Firstly, Pathogens were identified on the basis of morphological characters.The incidence of Khanpur and National Agriculture Research Council, Islamabad orchards observed were about 10% and 95% respectively. Complete description of macro and microscopic characters was prepared. The purified cultures of bacterial pathogen was then identified and characterized. The identified microbial pathogens include Xanthomonas citri. DNA was successfully extracted and amplified by using TaKaRa Ex taq TM version kit with primers 9F and 15-10R, to confirm the identification by gene sequence. Identified Strains were stored for further study. It is recommended on basis of present study to carry out further experimentation on pathogenicity of these pathotypesforfinding out the citrus varieties resistance against this disease. There is also need to control this pathogen using different biological/chemical agents and genetic engineering techniques.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Assessment and molecular characterization of citrus canker causing pathotypes","attachmentId":54364956,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/34499546/Assessment_and_molecular_characterization_of_citrus_canker_causing_pathotypes","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/34499546/Assessment_and_molecular_characterization_of_citrus_canker_causing_pathotypes"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="111790725" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/111790725/Detection_of_viable_Xanthomonas_citri_pv_citri_the_causal_agent_of_citrus_canker_in_commercial_fruits_by_isolation_and_PCR_based_methods">Detection of viable Xanthomonas citri pv. citri, the causal agent of citrus canker in commercial fruits by isolation and PCR-based methods</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="7940163" href="https://king-saud.academia.edu/AmgadSaleh">Amgad Saleh</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2015</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Xanthomonas citri pv. citri ( Xcc ), the causal agent of citrus canker, is a quarantine pest in many citrus-growing countries and is strictly regulated by the international phytosanitary programs. Citrus fruits with canker-like symptoms imported from India and Pakistan were collected from Riyadh supermarkets, Saudi Arabia. Different diagnostic detection methods, including culturing, direct PCR, BIO-PCR and bioassays were applied on the sampled citrus fruits. The direct culturing on KCB medium succeeded in detecting living cells of Xcc in 49 out of the 217 lesions observed on the sampled citrus fruits. However, only 5.55 and 24.77% from lesion washates of Pakistani and Indian fruits, respectively, caused citrus canker lesions on the inoculated grapefruit and/or Mexican lime leaves compared with 100% from pure cultures. The application of 3 diagnostic primer sets (2/3, J-pth1/2 and Xac01/Xac02) confirmed the bacterial etiology of 83 out of the 217 lesions. Based on BIO-PCR assay, ...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Detection of viable Xanthomonas citri pv. citri, the causal agent of citrus canker in commercial fruits by isolation and PCR-based methods","attachmentId":109222090,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/111790725/Detection_of_viable_Xanthomonas_citri_pv_citri_the_causal_agent_of_citrus_canker_in_commercial_fruits_by_isolation_and_PCR_based_methods","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/111790725/Detection_of_viable_Xanthomonas_citri_pv_citri_the_causal_agent_of_citrus_canker_in_commercial_fruits_by_isolation_and_PCR_based_methods"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="5882597" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5882597/Diagnosis_of_Xanthomonas_axonopodis_pv_citri_causal_agent_of_citrus_canker_in_commercial_fruits_by_isolation_and_PCR_based_methods">Diagnosis of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri, causal agent of citrus canker, in commercial fruits by isolation and PCR-based methods</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="8694517" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JaimeQuesada">Jaime Quesada</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Applied Microbiology, 2007</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Aims: To show the results of the detection of an EU quarantine organism, Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri (Xac), in citrus fruits imported from countries where this bacterium is present, using an integrated approach that includes isolation, pathogenicity assays and molecular techniques.Methods and Results: Citrus fruits with canker-like symptoms, exported to Spain from South American countries were analysed by several methods. Bacterial isolation, three conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) protocols, and real-time PCR with SYBR Green or a TaqMan probe, were compared. Canker-like lesions were disrupted in PBS buffer, and the extract used for bacterial isolation and DNA extraction followed by PCR amplification. Canker lesions, identified by PCR, showed viable bacteria in eleven of fifteen fruit samples. In 16 out of 130 lesions analysed from these samples, Xac was isolated, and pathogenicity on grapefruit leaves confirmed. By real-time PCR, using SYBR green or a Taqman probe, Xac was detected in 58 and 80 lesions respectively. By conventional PCR the bacterium was detected in 39–52 lesions depending on the protocol employed.Conclusions: An integrated approach for reliable detection of Xac in lesions of fruit samples, employing several techniques and with real-time PCR using a TaqMan probe as the fastest and most sensitive screening method, has been established and validated and is proposed as a useful tool for the analysis of Xac on fresh fruits.Significance and Impact of the Study: This work faces up to the real threat of the importation of citrus fruits that can harbour quarantine bacteria and will be useful in diagnostic laboratories for the analysis of commercial fresh fruits from countries where citrus canker is present.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Diagnosis of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri, causal agent of citrus canker, in commercial fruits by isolation and PCR-based methods","attachmentId":49099606,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/5882597/Diagnosis_of_Xanthomonas_axonopodis_pv_citri_causal_agent_of_citrus_canker_in_commercial_fruits_by_isolation_and_PCR_based_methods","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/5882597/Diagnosis_of_Xanthomonas_axonopodis_pv_citri_causal_agent_of_citrus_canker_in_commercial_fruits_by_isolation_and_PCR_based_methods"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="80633918" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/80633918/Citrus_Canker_Distribution_Taxonomy_Epidemiology_Disease_Cycle_Pathogen_Biology_Detection_and_Management_A_Critical_Review_and_Future_Research_Agenda">Citrus Canker—Distribution, Taxonomy, Epidemiology, Disease Cycle, Pathogen Biology, Detection, and Management: A Critical Review and Future Research Agenda</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="75527335" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MaheenFatima14">Maheen Fatima</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Agronomy</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri, a causative agent of the citrus canker (CC) disease, belongs to one of the essential groups of the bacterial phytopathogen family, Xanthomonadaceae. It has been a potential threat to the globally significant citrus fruit crop, which has remained under investigation for disease management and epidemiology since the 1980s. In Pakistan, the average yield of citrus is 11 t/ha, which is lower than other countries, including China, Brazil, and India, having average productions of 27, 26, and 22 tons/hectare, respectively. Citrus canker is one of the most devastating diseases, posing a significant threat to crop yield and fruit quality. To date, five distinct types (or forms) of the citrus canker have been recognized; the Asiatic (Canker A) form is most destructive and affects most citrus cultivars. Severe infection outcomes include dieback, defoliation, severely blemished fruit, premature fruit drop, and reduced fruit quality. The infection increases under ...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Citrus Canker—Distribution, Taxonomy, Epidemiology, Disease Cycle, Pathogen Biology, Detection, and Management: A Critical Review and Future Research Agenda","attachmentId":86951006,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/80633918/Citrus_Canker_Distribution_Taxonomy_Epidemiology_Disease_Cycle_Pathogen_Biology_Detection_and_Management_A_Critical_Review_and_Future_Research_Agenda","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/80633918/Citrus_Canker_Distribution_Taxonomy_Epidemiology_Disease_Cycle_Pathogen_Biology_Detection_and_Management_A_Critical_Review_and_Future_Research_Agenda"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="77722499" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/77722499/Primers_based_on_the_rpf_gene_region_provide_improved_detection_of_Xanthomonas_axonopodis_pv_citri_in_naturally_and_artificially_infected_citrus_plants">Primers based on the rpf gene region provide improved detection of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri in naturally and artificially infected citrus plants</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="198777331" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SuzeteDestefano">Suzete Destefano</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Applied Microbiology, 2006</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Primers based on the rpf gene region provide improved detection of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri in naturally and artificially infected citrus plants","attachmentId":85014646,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/77722499/Primers_based_on_the_rpf_gene_region_provide_improved_detection_of_Xanthomonas_axonopodis_pv_citri_in_naturally_and_artificially_infected_citrus_plants","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/77722499/Primers_based_on_the_rpf_gene_region_provide_improved_detection_of_Xanthomonas_axonopodis_pv_citri_in_naturally_and_artificially_infected_citrus_plants"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="117954842" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/117954842/Genetic_Relationship_among_Worldwide_Strains_of_Xanthomonas_Causing_Canker_in_Citrus_Species_and_Design_of_New_Primers_for_Their_Identification_by_PCR">Genetic Relationship among Worldwide Strains of Xanthomonas Causing Canker in Citrus Species and Design of New Primers for Their Identification by PCR</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="33304568" href="https://independent.academia.edu/CuberoJ">J. Cubero</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2002</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Partial sequence analysis of the ribosomal operon in Xanthomonas axonopodis allowed discrimination among strains causing the A, B, and C types of citrus bacterial canker (CBC) and quantification of the relationship of these organisms with other species and pathovars in the same genus. Sets of primers based on sequence differences in the internally transcribed spacer and on a sequence from the plasmid gene pthA involved in virulence were designed for specific identification of xanthomonads causing CBC diseases. The two sets were validated with a collection of Xanthomonas strains associated with citrus species. The primer set based on ribosomal sequences had a high level of specificity for X. axonopodis pv. citri, whereas the set based on the pthA gene was universal for all types of CBC organisms. Moreover, the relationships among worldwide Xanthomonas strains causing CBC were analyzed by amplification of repetitive sequences (enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus and BOX el...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Genetic Relationship among Worldwide Strains of Xanthomonas Causing Canker in Citrus Species and Design of New Primers for Their Identification by PCR","attachmentId":113691574,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/117954842/Genetic_Relationship_among_Worldwide_Strains_of_Xanthomonas_Causing_Canker_in_Citrus_Species_and_Design_of_New_Primers_for_Their_Identification_by_PCR","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/117954842/Genetic_Relationship_among_Worldwide_Strains_of_Xanthomonas_Causing_Canker_in_Citrus_Species_and_Design_of_New_Primers_for_Their_Identification_by_PCR"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="24635233" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/24635233/Detection_and_Characterization_of_a_New_Strain_of_Citrus_Canker_Bacteria_from_Key_Mexican_Lime_and_Alemow_in_South_Florida">Detection and Characterization of a New Strain of Citrus Canker Bacteria from Key/Mexican Lime and Alemow in South Florida</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="47490633" href="https://independent.academia.edu/XiaoanSun">Xiaoan Sun</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Plant Disease, 2004</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Detection and Characterization of a New Strain of Citrus Canker Bacteria from Key/Mexican Lime and Alemow in South Florida","attachmentId":44962465,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/24635233/Detection_and_Characterization_of_a_New_Strain_of_Citrus_Canker_Bacteria_from_Key_Mexican_Lime_and_Alemow_in_South_Florida","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/24635233/Detection_and_Characterization_of_a_New_Strain_of_Citrus_Canker_Bacteria_from_Key_Mexican_Lime_and_Alemow_in_South_Florida"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="68038333" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/68038333/Isolation_and_characterization_of_a_canker_disease_causing_pathogen_from_Citrus_aurantifolia_and_evaluation_of_its_biological_control_measure">Isolation and characterization of a canker disease causing pathogen from Citrus aurantifolia and evaluation of its biological control measure</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="65015591" href="https://independent.academia.edu/firosehossain">firose hossain</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of entomology and zoology studies, 2017</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The present investigation was designed to isolate and characterize of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri bacteria in Citrus aurantifolia canker disease and evaluation of its antibiotic susceptibility, antibacterial sensitivity and antagonistic activity. Isolated bacterium was characterized by different biochemical test method. Isolated bacterium was found to be gram negative, small size, rod shaped, motile and pink in color. The biochemical tests showed catalase positive, glucose fermenting, lactose non-fermenting and urease test negative. The antibiotic susceptibility, antimicrobial sensitivity and antagonistic activity were determined by disc diffusion method. Gentamycin showed highest 21.0±0.0mm diameter of zone of inhibition against the isolated bacteria. Allium sativum extract showed highest 19.9±0.4mm diameter of zone of inhibition against the isolated bacteria. The highest antagonistic activity was found to be 17.4±0.3mm diameter of zone of inhibition by soil borne bacteria X a...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Isolation and characterization of a canker disease causing pathogen from Citrus aurantifolia and evaluation of its biological control measure","attachmentId":78660891,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/68038333/Isolation_and_characterization_of_a_canker_disease_causing_pathogen_from_Citrus_aurantifolia_and_evaluation_of_its_biological_control_measure","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/68038333/Isolation_and_characterization_of_a_canker_disease_causing_pathogen_from_Citrus_aurantifolia_and_evaluation_of_its_biological_control_measure"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="14692561" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14692561/Evaluation_of_DNA_Amplification_Methods_for_Improved_Detection_of_Candidatus_Liberibacter_Species_Associated_with_Citrus_Huanglongbing">Evaluation of DNA Amplification Methods for Improved Detection of ? Candidatus Liberibacter Species? Associated with Citrus Huanglongbing</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="33642603" href="https://independent.academia.edu/WenbinLi1">Wenbin Li</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Plant Disease, 2007</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Evaluation of DNA Amplification Methods for Improved Detection of ? Candidatus Liberibacter Species? Associated with Citrus Huanglongbing","attachmentId":43972471,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/14692561/Evaluation_of_DNA_Amplification_Methods_for_Improved_Detection_of_Candidatus_Liberibacter_Species_Associated_with_Citrus_Huanglongbing","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/14692561/Evaluation_of_DNA_Amplification_Methods_for_Improved_Detection_of_Candidatus_Liberibacter_Species_Associated_with_Citrus_Huanglongbing"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="29517948" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/29517948/Development_of_a_simplified_NASBA_protocol_for_detecting_viable_cells_of_the_citrus_pathogen_Xanthomonas_citri_subsp_citri_under_different_treatments">Development of a simplified NASBA protocol for detecting viable cells of the citrus pathogen Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri under different treatments</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="55790683" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JaimeCubero">Jaime Cubero</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Plant Pathology, 2010</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Development of a simplified NASBA protocol for detecting viable cells of the citrus pathogen Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri under different treatments","attachmentId":49956699,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/29517948/Development_of_a_simplified_NASBA_protocol_for_detecting_viable_cells_of_the_citrus_pathogen_Xanthomonas_citri_subsp_citri_under_different_treatments","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/29517948/Development_of_a_simplified_NASBA_protocol_for_detecting_viable_cells_of_the_citrus_pathogen_Xanthomonas_citri_subsp_citri_under_different_treatments"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":47694119,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":47694119,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_47694119" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sidebar--container js-work-sidebar"><div class="ds-related-content--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="43911761" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/43911761/Diagnosis_of_Xanthomonas_axonopodis_pv_citri_isolates_the_causal_agent_of_citrus_canker_by_pathogenicity_and_PCR_based_methods">Diagnosis of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv citri isolates, the causal agent of citrus canker by pathogenicity and PCR based methods</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="3564045" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PradeepManyam">Pradeep Manyam</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Diagnosis of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv citri isolates, the causal agent of citrus canker by pathogenicity and PCR based methods","attachmentId":64236242,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/43911761/Diagnosis_of_Xanthomonas_axonopodis_pv_citri_isolates_the_causal_agent_of_citrus_canker_by_pathogenicity_and_PCR_based_methods","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/43911761/Diagnosis_of_Xanthomonas_axonopodis_pv_citri_isolates_the_causal_agent_of_citrus_canker_by_pathogenicity_and_PCR_based_methods"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="97324254" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/97324254/Citrus_Canker_Pathogen_Its_Mechanism_of_Infection_Eradication_and_Impacts">Citrus Canker Pathogen, Its Mechanism of Infection, Eradication, and Impacts</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="153812898" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SadiqSaleha">Saleha Sadiq</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Plants</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Citrus Canker Pathogen, Its Mechanism of Infection, Eradication, and Impacts","attachmentId":98976613,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/97324254/Citrus_Canker_Pathogen_Its_Mechanism_of_Infection_Eradication_and_Impacts","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/97324254/Citrus_Canker_Pathogen_Its_Mechanism_of_Infection_Eradication_and_Impacts"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="79056969" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/79056969/First_record_of_citrus_canker_caused_by_Xanthomonas_citri_subsp_citri_in_Solomon_Islands">First record of citrus canker, caused by Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri in Solomon Islands</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="36565839" href="https://independent.academia.edu/CrispusFanai">Crispus Fanai</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Australasian Plant Disease Notes, 2015</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"First record of citrus canker, caused by Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri in Solomon Islands","attachmentId":85907708,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/79056969/First_record_of_citrus_canker_caused_by_Xanthomonas_citri_subsp_citri_in_Solomon_Islands","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/79056969/First_record_of_citrus_canker_caused_by_Xanthomonas_citri_subsp_citri_in_Solomon_Islands"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="24635244" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/24635244/Bacterial_Citrus_Canker_1">Bacterial Citrus Canker 1</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="47490633" href="https://independent.academia.edu/XiaoanSun">Xiaoan Sun</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Bacterial Citrus Canker 1","attachmentId":44962467,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/24635244/Bacterial_Citrus_Canker_1","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/24635244/Bacterial_Citrus_Canker_1"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="68274927" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/68274927/Etiology_and_Control_of_Citrus_Canker_Disease_in_Kavre">Etiology and Control of Citrus Canker Disease in Kavre</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="122780789" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RegmiChiranjivi">Chiranjivi Regmi</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2014</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Etiology and Control of Citrus Canker Disease in Kavre","attachmentId":78808769,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/68274927/Etiology_and_Control_of_Citrus_Canker_Disease_in_Kavre","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/68274927/Etiology_and_Control_of_Citrus_Canker_Disease_in_Kavre"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="99019994" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/99019994/Surveillance_of_Citrus_Canker_in_Peshawar_Division_and_Its_Management_Through_Host_Resistance">Surveillance of Citrus Canker in Peshawar Division and Its Management Through Host Resistance</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="167908664" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RajaBasharatManhood">Basharat Manhood</a><span>, </span><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="71819272" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SardarTahirYounas">Muhammad Tahir Younas</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Pakistan Journal of Phytopathology, 2019</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Surveillance of Citrus Canker in Peshawar Division and Its Management Through Host Resistance","attachmentId":100217286,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/99019994/Surveillance_of_Citrus_Canker_in_Peshawar_Division_and_Its_Management_Through_Host_Resistance","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/99019994/Surveillance_of_Citrus_Canker_in_Peshawar_Division_and_Its_Management_Through_Host_Resistance"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="24966622" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/24966622/Citrus_Canker_Approaching_Century_A_Review">Citrus Canker Approaching Century: A Review</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="46886295" href="https://independent.academia.edu/GlobalScienceBooks">Global Science Books</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Citrus Canker Approaching Century: A Review","attachmentId":45298232,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/24966622/Citrus_Canker_Approaching_Century_A_Review","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/24966622/Citrus_Canker_Approaching_Century_A_Review"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="95305156" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/95305156/Comparison_of_the_performance_of_the_main_real_time_and_conventional_PCR_detection_tests_for_Candidatus_Liberibacter_spp_plant_pathogenic_bacteria_causing_the_Huanglongbing_disease_in_Citrus_spp">Comparison of the performance of the main real-time and conventional PCR detection tests for ‘Candidatus Liberibacter’ spp., plant pathogenic bacteria causing the Huanglongbing disease in Citrus spp</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="46365472" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MontseRosello">Montserrat Rosello Perez</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">European Journal of Plant Pathology, 2020</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Comparison of the performance of the main real-time and conventional PCR detection tests for ‘Candidatus Liberibacter’ spp., plant pathogenic bacteria causing the Huanglongbing disease in Citrus spp","attachmentId":97523453,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/95305156/Comparison_of_the_performance_of_the_main_real_time_and_conventional_PCR_detection_tests_for_Candidatus_Liberibacter_spp_plant_pathogenic_bacteria_causing_the_Huanglongbing_disease_in_Citrus_spp","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/95305156/Comparison_of_the_performance_of_the_main_real_time_and_conventional_PCR_detection_tests_for_Candidatus_Liberibacter_spp_plant_pathogenic_bacteria_causing_the_Huanglongbing_disease_in_Citrus_spp"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="74490853" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/74490853/Molecular_Diversity_among_the_Isolates_of_Xanthomonas_axonopodis_pv_citri_Causing_Bacterial_Canker_in_Citrus">Molecular Diversity among the Isolates of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri Causing Bacterial Canker in Citrus</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="16669659" href="https://mkuniversity.academia.edu/rutujakharde">rutuja kharde</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Molecular Diversity among the Isolates of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri Causing Bacterial Canker in Citrus","attachmentId":82624965,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/74490853/Molecular_Diversity_among_the_Isolates_of_Xanthomonas_axonopodis_pv_citri_Causing_Bacterial_Canker_in_Citrus","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/74490853/Molecular_Diversity_among_the_Isolates_of_Xanthomonas_axonopodis_pv_citri_Causing_Bacterial_Canker_in_Citrus"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="115319596" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/115319596/Distribution_and_damage_of_bacterial_canker_on_lemon_bushes_in_the_conditions_of_the_Southern_part_of_Azerbaijan">Distribution and damage of bacterial canker on lemon bushes in the conditions of the Southern part of Azerbaijan</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="232400424" href="https://independent.academia.edu/LalaHuseynova11">Lala Huseynova</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Acta agraria Debreceniensis, 2022</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Distribution and damage of bacterial canker on lemon bushes in the conditions of the Southern part of Azerbaijan","attachmentId":111761812,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/115319596/Distribution_and_damage_of_bacterial_canker_on_lemon_bushes_in_the_conditions_of_the_Southern_part_of_Azerbaijan","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/115319596/Distribution_and_damage_of_bacterial_canker_on_lemon_bushes_in_the_conditions_of_the_Southern_part_of_Azerbaijan"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div><div class="ds-related-content--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related topics</h2><div class="ds-research-interests--pills-container"><a class="js-related-research-interest ds-research-interests--pill" data-entity-id="47884" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences">Biological Sciences</a><a class="js-related-research-interest ds-research-interests--pill" data-entity-id="66973" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_diseases">Plant diseases</a><a class="js-related-research-interest ds-research-interests--pill" data-entity-id="118339" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymerase_Chain_Reaction">Polymerase Chain Reaction</a><a class="js-related-research-interest ds-research-interests--pill" data-entity-id="220614" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Citrus">Citrus</a><a class="js-related-research-interest ds-research-interests--pill" data-entity-id="413195" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Time_Factors">Time Factors</a><a class="js-related-research-interest ds-research-interests--pill" data-entity-id="676491" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Xanthomonas">Xanthomonas</a><a class="js-related-research-interest ds-research-interests--pill" data-entity-id="750576" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Host_Range">Host Range</a><a class="js-related-research-interest ds-research-interests--pill" data-entity-id="759403" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gel_electrophoresis">Gel electrophoresis</a><a class="js-related-research-interest ds-research-interests--pill" data-entity-id="901876" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sensitivity_and_Specificity">Sensitivity and Specificity</a><a class="js-related-research-interest ds-research-interests--pill" data-entity-id="2364406" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Visual_Inspection">Visual Inspection</a></div></div></div></div></div><div class="footer--content"><ul class="footer--main-links hide-on-mobile"><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/about">About</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/press">Press</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://medium.com/academia">Blog</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/documents">Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/topics">Topics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/hiring"><svg style="width: 13px; height: 13px; position: relative; bottom: -1px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="briefcase" class="svg-inline--fa fa-briefcase fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M320 336c0 8.84-7.16 16-16 16h-96c-8.84 0-16-7.16-16-16v-48H0v144c0 25.6 22.4 48 48 48h416c25.6 0 48-22.4 48-48V288H320v48zm144-208h-80V80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48H176c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v48H48c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v80h512v-80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48zm-144 0H192V96h128v32z"></path></svg> <strong>We're Hiring!</strong></a></li><li><a href="https://support.academia.edu/"><svg style="width: 12px; height: 12px; position: relative; bottom: -1px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="question-circle" class="svg-inline--fa fa-question-circle fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M504 256c0 136.997-111.043 248-248 248S8 392.997 8 256C8 119.083 119.043 8 256 8s248 111.083 248 248zM262.655 90c-54.497 0-89.255 22.957-116.549 63.758-3.536 5.286-2.353 12.415 2.715 16.258l34.699 26.31c5.205 3.947 12.621 3.008 16.665-2.122 17.864-22.658 30.113-35.797 57.303-35.797 20.429 0 45.698 13.148 45.698 32.958 0 14.976-12.363 22.667-32.534 33.976C247.128 238.528 216 254.941 216 296v4c0 6.627 5.373 12 12 12h56c6.627 0 12-5.373 12-12v-1.333c0-28.462 83.186-29.647 83.186-106.667 0-58.002-60.165-102-116.531-102zM256 338c-25.365 0-46 20.635-46 46 0 25.364 20.635 46 46 46s46-20.636 46-46c0-25.365-20.635-46-46-46z"></path></svg> <strong>Help Center</strong></a></li></ul><ul class="footer--research-interests"><li>Find new research papers in:</li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physics">Physics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry">Chemistry</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology">Biology</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Sciences">Health Sciences</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology">Ecology</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earth_Sciences">Earth Sciences</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematics">Mathematics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science">Computer Science</a></li></ul><ul class="footer--legal-links hide-on-mobile"><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/terms">Terms</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/privacy">Privacy</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/copyright">Copyright</a></li><li>Academia ©2024</li></ul></div> </body> </html>