IETF | EDHOC - A new lightweight authenticated key exchange protocol provides improved security with less overhead for Internet-of-Things devices

<!doctype html><html lang="en" class="no-js"><head> <meta charset="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>IETF | EDHOC - A new lightweight authenticated key exchange protocol provides improved security with less overhead for Internet-of-Things devices</title><meta name="description" content="Ephemeral Diffie-Hellman Over COSE (EDHOC) described in the recently-published RFC 9528 and RFC 9529 is a very compact, lightweight authenticated key exchange protocol, providing state-of-the-art security including mutual authentication, forward secrecy and identity protection."/><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:site" content="@ietf"/><meta name="twitter:title" content="EDHOC - A new lightweight authenticated key exchange protocol provides improved security with less overhead for Internet-of-Things devices"/><meta name="twitter:description" content="Ephemeral Diffie-Hellman Over COSE (EDHOC) described in the recently-published RFC 9528 and RFC 9529 is a very compact, lightweight authenticated key exchange protocol, providing state-of-the-art security including mutual authentication, forward secrecy and identity protection."><meta name="twitter:image" content="/media/images/ietflogotrans.original.png"><meta property="fb:app_id" content="159756941186350"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="/blog/edhoc/"/><meta property="og:title" content="EDHOC - A new lightweight authenticated key exchange protocol provides improved security with less overhead for Internet-of-Things devices"/><meta property="og:image" content="/media/images/ietflogotrans.original.png"/><meta property="og:description" content="Ephemeral Diffie-Hellman Over COSE (EDHOC) described in the recently-published RFC 9528 and RFC 9529 is a very compact, lightweight authenticated key exchange protocol, providing state-of-the-art security 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mb-4" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#filters-mobile" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="collapseExample" > Show filters <i class="bi bi-chevron-down"></i> </button> <form method="GET" action="/blog/" id="filters-mobile" class="form-row mx-0 mb-4 d-md-none collapse"> <h2 class="h6">Filter by topic and date</h2> <div class="col-12 form-group p-0 flex-shrink-1"> <label class="form-label" for="topic-input">Topic</label> <select aria-label="Topic" class="form-control bg-light" name="topic" id="topic-input"> <option value="">All</option> <option value="6" > General Area </option> <option value="12" > Transport Area (tsv) </option> <option value="4" > Operations and Management Area </option> <option value="26" > Internet Architecture Board </option> <option value="25" > News </option> <option value="8" > Internet of Things </option> <option value="14" > Security & Privacy </option> <option value="27" > IRTF </option> <option value="5" > Applications and Real-Time Area </option> <option value="24" > IETF-LLC </option> <option value="3" > Security Area (sec) </option> </select> </div> <div class="col-6 form-group flex-shrink-1 p-0 pe-1"> <label class="form-label" for="date_from-input" id="date_from-label">Date from</label> <div class="input-group"> <input class="form-control" placeholder="dd/mm/yyyy" name="date_from" id="date_from-input" type="text" autocomplete="off" aria-autocomplete="none" /> </div> </div> <div class="col-6 form-group flex-shrink-1 p-0"> <label class="form-label" for="date_to-input" id="date_to-label">Date to</label> <div class="input-group me-md-"> <input class="form-control" placeholder="dd/mm/yyyy" name="date_to" id="date_to-input" type="text" autocomplete="off" aria-autocomplete="none" /> </div> </div> <button class="col-12 btn btn-outline-primary d-md-none" type="submit">Filter</button> </form> <h2 class="h6 d-none d-md-block">Filter by topic and date</h2> <form method="GET" action="/blog/" class="form-row mx-0 mb-5 flex-md-nowrap d-none d-md-flex"> <div class="col-auto form-group p-0 flex-shrink-1"> <label class="form-label" for="topic-desktop-input">Topic</label> <select aria-label="Topic" class="form-control bg-light" name="topic" id="topic-desktop-input"> <option value="">All</option> <option value="6" > General Area </option> <option value="12" > Transport Area (tsv) </option> <option value="4" > Operations and Management Area </option> <option value="26" > Internet Architecture Board </option> <option value="25" > News </option> <option value="8" > Internet of Things </option> <option value="14" > Security & Privacy </option> <option value="27" > IRTF </option> <option value="5" > Applications and Real-Time Area </option> <option value="24" > IETF-LLC </option> <option value="3" > Security Area (sec) </option> </select> </div> <div class="col-auto form-group flex-shrink-1 p-0 px-1"> <label class="form-label" for="date_from-desktop-input" id="date_from-desktop-label">Date from</label> <div class="input-group"> <input class="form-control" placeholder="dd/mm/yyyy" name="date_from" id="date_from-desktop-input" type="text" autocomplete="off" aria-autocomplete="none" /> </div> </div> <div class="col-auto form-group flex-shrink-1 p-0"> <label class="form-label" for="date_to-desktop-input" id="date_to-desktop-label">Date to</label> <div class="d-flex"> <div class="input-group me-md-1"> <input class="form-control" placeholder="dd/mm/yyyy" name="date_to" id="date_to-desktop-input" type="text" autocomplete="off" aria-autocomplete="none" /> </div> <div class="d-none d-md-block"> <button class="btn btn-outline-primary" type="submit">Filter</button> </div> </div> </div> </form> <h1>EDHOC - A new lightweight authenticated key exchange protocol provides improved security with less overhead for Internet-of-Things devices</h1> <ul class="list-unstyled" aria-label="Authors"> <li class="mb-3"> <span class="d-inline-block"> <a href="/blog/author/malisa-vucinic/"> Mali拧a Vu膷ini膰 </a> </span> <span class="ms-3 ps-3 d-inline-block border-start">LAKE Working Group Co-chair</span> </li> <li class="mb-3"> <span class="d-inline-block"> <a href="/blog/author/stephen-farrell/"> Stephen Farrell </a> </span> <span class="ms-3 ps-3 d-inline-block border-start">LAKE Working Group Co-chair</span> </li> </ul> <p>5 Jun 2024</p> <p class="lead">Ephemeral Diffie-Hellman Over COSE (EDHOC) is a very compact, lightweight authenticated key exchange protocol, providing state-of-the-art security including mutual authentication, forward secrecy and identity protection.</p> <div class="block-image"><img alt="pexels-mhafetrey-2416657-4048177" height="423" src="/media/images/pexels-mhafetrey-2416657-4048177.original.jpg" width="1192"/> </div> <div class="block-paragraph"><p data-block-key="y6aan">Running an authenticated key exchange protocol over low-power Internet-of-Things radio technologies is challenging. These technologies often have Maximum Transmission Units (MTUs) on the order of several tens of bytes and very limited data rates, sometimes lower than <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modem#Dial-up">dial-up modems</a> used to access the Internet in the 1990s. What is more, the devices are also constrained in terms of the available memory and processing. EDHOC鈥攄escribed in the recently-published <a href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9528.html">RFC 9528</a> and <a href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9529.html">RFC 9529</a>鈥攅nables state-of-the-art key exchange, for which we have formal security proofs, yet avoids message fragmentation even in the presence of these radio constraints thanks to small message sizes. EDHOC implementations require a minimal amount of code and data memory.</p><p data-block-key="9v079">EDHOC is designed to be a security enabler in the next generation of Internet-of-Things products and can be used for instance in appliances for home and businesses. One example of a company working in this area is ASSA ABLOY, who offer a broad range of access solutions where EDHOC is considered as a suitable authentication component enabling modern standards-based IoT integrations that are power efficient, fast and lightweight.</p><p data-block-key="ehlv4">EDHOC is built on proven technologies. It uses the Concise Binary Object Representation (<a href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8949.html">CBOR</a>) encoding for message compactness, without sacrificing on extensibility. It leverages the CBOR Object Signing and Encryption (<a href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9052.html">COSE</a>) algorithms to provide cryptographic agility and reduce the amount of new code that is required on constrained devices. EDHOC also uses COSE for identification of authentication credentials, including COSE keys, CBOR Web Token (<a href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8392.html">CWT</a>), CWT Claims Set (CCS), X.509, and CBOR-encoded X.509 (C509) certificates. EDHOC鈥檚 authentication credentials, e.g. certificates, need not be transported over the air, a feature that enables significant byte savings. Through this effective usage of Internet technologies standardized for constrained environments, and careful cryptographic design, EDHOC guarantees mutual authentication of the two endpoints and the confidentiality of the established shared secret. This secret can then be used by other protocols such as Object Security for Constrained RESTful Environments (<a href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8613.html">OSCORE</a>) or COSE for data encryption.</p><p data-block-key="e9e6d">Following up on the successful standardization stories of <a href="https://www.ietf.org/blog/tls13-adoption/">TLS 1.3</a> and Messaging Layer Security (<a href="https://www.ietf.org/blog/mls-protocol-published/">MLS</a>), particular attention during the standardization process in the <a href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/group/lake/about/">LAKE working group</a> was given to formal verification of protocol security. The academic community was <a href="https://inria.hal.science/hal-03434293/">invited</a> to study the protocol and responded with more than 5 independent studies. The open process gives assurance that the protocol is sound.</p></div> <div class="block-image"><img alt="Screenshot 2024-06-03 at 16.22.11" height="664" src="/media/images/LAKE_WG_image.original.png" width="1200"/> </div> <div class="block-paragraph"><p data-block-key="c53nb">EDHOC is already widely implemented. Optimized implementations for microcontrollers exist in <a href="https://github.com/openwsn-berkeley/lakers">Rust</a> and in <a href="https://github.com/eriptic/uoscore-uedhoc">C</a>, and in <a href="https://github.com/rikard-sics/californium/tree/edhoc/cf-edhoc">Java</a> for non-constrained systems. Implementations have been interop-tested through several interop events organized by the LAKE working group. More implementation effort is always welcome and any feedback should be communicated to the LAKE working group, which is continuing the maintenance of EDHOC by compiling implementation experience, defining application profiles and adding security applications through the integration point defined by the base protocol.</p></div> <hr> </div> <div class="px-3 px-xl-5 mt-5 mb-5"> <h2 class="h4">Share this page</h2> <a class="me-2 h2" title="Share on Twitter" href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=Ephemeral%20Diffie-Hellman%20Over%20COSE%20%28EDHOC%29%20described%20in%20the%20recently-published%20RFC%209528%20and%20RFC%209529%20is%20a%20very%20compact%2C%20lightweight%20authenticated%20key%20exchange%20protocol%2C%20providing%20state-of-the-art%20security%20including%20mutual%20authentication%2C%20forward%20secrecy%20and%20identity%20protection.&url=http%3A//www.ietf.org/blog/edhoc/&via=ietf" ><i class="bi bi-twitter"></i></a> <a class="me-2 h2" title="Share on LinkedIn" 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IETF | EDHOC - A new lightweight authenticated key exchange protocol provides improved security with less overhead for Internet-of-Things devices