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id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Upper house of the Parliament of Ireland that existed until 1800</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 125%; background-color: #ededed"><div style="display:inline" class="fn org">Irish House of Lords</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arms_of_Ireland_(historical).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Coat of arms or logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Arms_of_Ireland_%28historical%29.svg/250px-Arms_of_Ireland_%28historical%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Arms_of_Ireland_%28historical%29.svg/330px-Arms_of_Ireland_%28historical%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="452" data-file-height="537" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ededed">Type</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.3em;"><div style="display:inline" class="category"><a href="/wiki/Upper_house" title="Upper house">Upper house</a></div> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ededed">History</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Established</th><td class="infobox-data">1297</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Disbanded</th><td class="infobox-data">1 January 1801<span style="display: none;"> (<span class="dtend itvend">1801-1-1</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Lords" title="House of Lords">House of Lords of the United Kingdom</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ededed">Leadership</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Lord_Chancellor_of_Ireland" title="Lord Chancellor of Ireland">Lord Chancellor</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em"><a href="/wiki/John_FitzGibbon,_1st_Earl_of_Clare" title="John FitzGibbon, 1st Earl of Clare">The Earl of Clare</a><sup>1</sup> (1789–1800) </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ededed">Structure</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Seats</th><td class="infobox-data">typically 122–147<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Length of term</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Lifetime</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Salary</th><td class="infobox-data">nil</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ededed">Elections</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Electoral_system" title="Electoral system">Voting system</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ennoblement" title="Ennoblement">Ennoblement</a> by <a href="/wiki/List_of_Irish_monarchs" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Irish monarchs">the monarch</a> or inheritance of a <a href="/wiki/Peerage_of_Ireland" title="Peerage of Ireland">peerage</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ededed">Meeting place</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Irish_House_of_Lords_chamber_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Irish_House_of_Lords_chamber_1.jpg/250px-Irish_House_of_Lords_chamber_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ec/Irish_House_of_Lords_chamber_1.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="330" data-file-height="247" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data label">Lords Chamber, <a href="/wiki/Parliament_House,_Dublin" title="Parliament House, Dublin">Parliament House, Dublin</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ededed">Footnotes</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><sup>1</sup>In 1800<hr />See also:<br /><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Great_Britain" title="Parliament of Great Britain">Parliament of Great Britain</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hoflentrance.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Hoflentrance.jpg/250px-Hoflentrance.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Hoflentrance.jpg/330px-Hoflentrance.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Hoflentrance.jpg/500px-Hoflentrance.jpg 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="384" /></a><figcaption>The House of Lords entrance to the Parliament House (east view). The entrance, which was part of an extension to the original building, was designed by renowned architect <a href="/wiki/James_Gandon" title="James Gandon">James Gandon</a> by 1789.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Irish House of Lords</b> was the <a href="/wiki/Upper_house" title="Upper house">upper house</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Ireland" title="Parliament of Ireland">Parliament of Ireland</a> that existed from medieval times until the end of 1800. It was also the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_court" title="Supreme court">final court of appeal</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Ireland" title="Kingdom of Ireland">Kingdom of Ireland</a>. </p><p>It was modelled on the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Lords_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Lords of England">House of Lords of England</a>, with members of the <a href="/wiki/Peerage_of_Ireland" title="Peerage of Ireland">Peerage of Ireland</a> sitting in the Irish Lords, just as members of the <a href="/wiki/Peerage_of_England" title="Peerage of England">Peerage of England</a> did at Westminster. When the <a href="/wiki/Act_of_Union_1800" class="mw-redirect" title="Act of Union 1800">Act of Union 1800</a> abolished the Irish parliament, a subset of Irish peers sat as <a href="/wiki/List_of_Irish_representative_peers" title="List of Irish representative peers">Irish representative peers</a> in the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Lords" title="House of Lords">House of Lords</a> of the merged <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Parliament of the United Kingdom">Parliament of the United Kingdom</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irish_House_of_Lords&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Lords started as a group of barons in the <a href="/wiki/Lordship_of_Ireland" title="Lordship of Ireland">Lordship of Ireland</a> that was generally limited to the <a href="/wiki/The_Pale" title="The Pale">Pale</a>, a variable area around Dublin where English law was in effect, but did extend to the rest of Ireland. They sat as a group, not as a separate House, from the first meeting of the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Ireland" title="Parliament of Ireland">Parliament of Ireland</a> in 1297. From the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Ireland" title="Kingdom of Ireland">Kingdom of Ireland</a> in 1542 the Lords included a large number of new Gaelic and Norman lords under the policy of <a href="/wiki/Surrender_and_regrant" title="Surrender and regrant">surrender and regrant</a>. </p><p>Religious division was reflected in the House, but as late as the 1689 "<a href="/wiki/Patriot_Parliament" title="Patriot Parliament">Patriot Parliament</a>" a majority of Lords had remained <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholics</a>, while the administration and a slight majority in the Commons were <a href="/wiki/Anglican_Communion" title="Anglican Communion">Anglicans</a>, adherents of the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Ireland" title="Church of Ireland">Church of Ireland</a>. In 1634 the campaign to secure <a href="/wiki/The_Graces_(Ireland)" title="The Graces (Ireland)">"The Graces"</a> came to a head. Most of these Catholic lords lost their titles in the ensuing <a href="/wiki/Irish_Rebellion_of_1641" title="Irish Rebellion of 1641">1641 rebellion</a>, notably during the 1652 <a href="/wiki/Act_for_the_Settlement_of_Ireland_1652" title="Act for the Settlement of Ireland 1652">Cromwellian Settlement</a>. These dispossessed lords were regranted their titles (if not always their lands) after the <a href="/wiki/Restoration_(Ireland)" title="Restoration (Ireland)">Restoration of 1660</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Act_of_Settlement_1662" title="Act of Settlement 1662">Act of Settlement 1662</a>. Others took the losing side in the <a href="/wiki/Williamite_War_in_Ireland" title="Williamite War in Ireland">Williamite War in Ireland</a> (1689–91), and a much smaller number of them were re-granted their lands in the 18th century. </p><p>By the 1790s most of the Lords personified and wanted to protect the "<a href="/wiki/Protestant_Ascendancy" title="Protestant Ascendancy">Protestant Ascendancy</a>". By the time of the abolition of the Irish House of Lords in 1800 some of the peerages were very ancient, such as the <a href="/wiki/Baron_Kingsale" title="Baron Kingsale">lords Kingsale</a>, created in 1397, and the <a href="/wiki/Viscount_Gormanston" title="Viscount Gormanston">viscounts Gormanston</a> from 1478. The first <a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Kildare" class="mw-redirect" title="Earl of Kildare">Earl of Kildare</a> had been created in 1316. </p><p>Following the <a href="/wiki/Acts_of_Union_1800" title="Acts of Union 1800">Act of Union in 1800</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Peerage_of_Ireland" title="Peerage of Ireland">peerage of Ireland</a> elected just 28 of their number to sit in the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Lords" title="House of Lords">United Kingdom House of Lords</a>, described as the "<a href="/wiki/List_of_Irish_representative_peers" title="List of Irish representative peers">Irish representative peers</a>". This practice ended in 1922 with the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Free_State" title="Irish Free State">Irish Free State</a>. Other newly created Irish peers, such as <a href="/wiki/Robert_Clive" title="Robert Clive">Clive of India</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Carysfort" title="Earl of Carysfort">Earl of Carysfort</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lord_Curzon" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Curzon">Lord Curzon</a>, were still able to stand for election to the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="House of Commons of the United Kingdom">House of Commons of the United Kingdom</a> (not being <a href="/wiki/Peerage_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Peerage of the United Kingdom">UK peers</a>) if they were not a representative peer. This was a convenient way of giving a title for reasons of prestige to someone who expected to sit in the British House of Commons.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Today the 18th-century <a href="/wiki/Irish_Houses_of_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish Houses of Parliament">Irish Parliament building</a> on <a href="/wiki/College_Green,_Dublin" title="College Green, Dublin">College Green</a> in <a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a> is an office of the commercial <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Ireland" title="Bank of Ireland">Bank of Ireland</a>, and visitors can view the Irish House of Lords chamber within the building. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Function">Function</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irish_House_of_Lords&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Function"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Parliament of Ireland was a <a href="/wiki/Bicameral" class="mw-redirect" title="Bicameral">bicameral</a> <a href="/wiki/Legislature" title="Legislature">legislature</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bill_(law)" title="Bill (law)">bills</a> could originate in either the Commons or the Lords; both had to pass a bill for it to stand a chance of becoming law. Either house could amend or reject the others' proposals. Under <a href="/wiki/Poynings%27_Law_(on_certification_of_acts)" title="Poynings' Law (on certification of acts)">Poynings' Law</a>, matters passed by the Irish parliament had to be approved and could be amended by the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Privy_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish Privy Council">Irish Privy Council</a> and <a href="/wiki/English_Privy_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="English Privy Council">English Privy Council</a>; main debates before this stage were thus technically on "heads of bills". Following approval the Parliament of Ireland voted on the formal finalised "bill" (which could only be rejected or passed unamended). </p><p>The Lords was the highest <a href="/wiki/Court_of_appeal" class="mw-redirect" title="Court of appeal">court of appeal</a> in Ireland, same as the <a href="/wiki/Judicial_functions_of_the_House_of_Lords" title="Judicial functions of the House of Lords">Lords were in England</a>. However, the controversial British <a href="/wiki/Declaratory_Act_1719" title="Declaratory Act 1719">Declaratory Act 1719</a> asserted the right of the Lords in Westminster to overrule the Irish Lords. The <a href="/wiki/Irish_Patriot_Party" title="Irish Patriot Party">Irish Patriot Party</a> secured the repeal of the Declaratory Act as part of the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_1782" title="Constitution of 1782">Constitution of 1782</a>. </p><p>The House of Lords was presided over by the <a href="/wiki/Lord_Chancellor_of_Ireland" title="Lord Chancellor of Ireland">Lord Chancellor</a>, who sat on the <a href="/wiki/Woolsack" title="Woolsack">woolsack</a>, a large seat stuffed with wool from each of the three lands of England, Ireland and Scotland. At the state opening of the Irish parliament Members of Parliament were summoned to the House of Lords from the House of Commons chamber by <a href="/wiki/Black_Rod" title="Black Rod">Black Rod</a>, a royal official who would "command the members on behalf of His Excellency to attend him in the chamber of peers". Sessions were formally opened by the <a href="/wiki/Speech_from_the_Throne" class="mw-redirect" title="Speech from the Throne">Speech from the Throne</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Lord_Lieutenant_of_Ireland" title="Lord Lieutenant of Ireland">Lord Lieutenant</a>, who sat on the throne beneath a canopy of crimson velvet. </p><p>Sessions were generally held at <a href="/wiki/Dublin_Castle" title="Dublin Castle">Dublin Castle</a> in the 16th and 17th centuries, until the opening of the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Houses_of_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish Houses of Parliament">Irish Houses of Parliament</a> in the 1730s. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lords_Chamber_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A sectional engraving of the House of Lords chamber (by Peter Mazell 1767 based on the drawing by Rowland Omer)"><img alt="A sectional engraving of the House of Lords chamber (by Peter Mazell 1767 based on the drawing by Rowland Omer)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Lords_Chamber_2.jpg/120px-Lords_Chamber_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Lords_Chamber_2.jpg/250px-Lords_Chamber_2.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1387" data-file-height="947" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A sectional engraving of the House of Lords chamber (by Peter Mazell 1767 based on the drawing by Rowland Omer)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Woolsack_(Irish_House_of_Lords).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Woolsack was used by the Lord Chancellor when chairing the house"><img alt="The Woolsack was used by the Lord Chancellor when chairing the house" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Woolsack_%28Irish_House_of_Lords%29.jpg/120px-Woolsack_%28Irish_House_of_Lords%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Woolsack_%28Irish_House_of_Lords%29.jpg/250px-Woolsack_%28Irish_House_of_Lords%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1760" data-file-height="1168" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Woolsack" title="Woolsack">Woolsack</a> was used by the <a href="/wiki/Lord_Chancellor_of_Ireland" title="Lord Chancellor of Ireland">Lord Chancellor</a> when chairing the house</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Battle_of_Boyne_tapestry_Irish_HOL.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="William III's victory over James II/VII The Battle of the Boyne tapestry that hangs in the Lords chamber"><img alt="William III's victory over James II/VII The Battle of the Boyne tapestry that hangs in the Lords chamber" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Battle_of_Boyne_tapestry_Irish_HOL.jpg/120px-Battle_of_Boyne_tapestry_Irish_HOL.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Battle_of_Boyne_tapestry_Irish_HOL.jpg/180px-Battle_of_Boyne_tapestry_Irish_HOL.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Battle_of_Boyne_tapestry_Irish_HOL.jpg/240px-Battle_of_Boyne_tapestry_Irish_HOL.jpg 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="384" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>William III's victory over James II/VII</i><br />The <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Boyne" title="Battle of the Boyne">Battle of the Boyne</a> tapestry that hangs in the Lords chamber</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:GILBERT(1896)_p145_PRESENTATION_OF_THE_BODY_OF_..._THE_LATE_DUKE_OF_RUTLAND.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Charles Manners, 4th Duke of Rutland lying in state in the Irish House of Lords chamber after his death in 1787"><img alt="Charles Manners, 4th Duke of Rutland lying in state in the Irish House of Lords chamber after his death in 1787" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/GILBERT%281896%29_p145_PRESENTATION_OF_THE_BODY_OF_..._THE_LATE_DUKE_OF_RUTLAND.jpg/120px-GILBERT%281896%29_p145_PRESENTATION_OF_THE_BODY_OF_..._THE_LATE_DUKE_OF_RUTLAND.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/GILBERT%281896%29_p145_PRESENTATION_OF_THE_BODY_OF_..._THE_LATE_DUKE_OF_RUTLAND.jpg/250px-GILBERT%281896%29_p145_PRESENTATION_OF_THE_BODY_OF_..._THE_LATE_DUKE_OF_RUTLAND.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1079" data-file-height="895" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Manners,_4th_Duke_of_Rutland" title="Charles Manners, 4th Duke of Rutland">Charles Manners, 4th Duke of Rutland</a> lying in state in the Irish House of Lords chamber after his death in 1787 </div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irish_House_of_Lords&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Ireland" title="Kingdom of Ireland">Kingdom of Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Irish_representative_peers" title="List of Irish representative peers">List of Irish representative peers</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irish_House_of_Lords&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFJames1979" class="citation journal cs1">James, F. G. (23 May 1979). "The Active Irish Peers in the Early Eighteenth Century". <i>Journal of British Studies</i>. <b>18</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">52–</span>69. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F385737">10.1086/385737</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/175512">175512</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+British+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Active+Irish+Peers+in+the+Early+Eighteenth+Century&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E52-%3C%2Fspan%3E69&rft.date=1979-05-23&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F385737&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F175512%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=James&rft.aufirst=F.+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrish+House+of+Lords" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">E.M. Johnson-Liik <i>History of the Irish parliament</i> in 6 vols. (Belfast, 2002).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100819055054/https://www.burkespeerage.com/articles/ireland/page93.aspx">"The Irish Peers and the House of Lords - The final chapter"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Burke%27s_Peerage" title="Burke's Peerage">Burke's Peerage</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.burkespeerage.com/articles/ireland/page93.aspx">the original</a> on 19 August 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Irish+Peers+and+the+House+of+Lords+-+The+final+chapter&rft.pub=Burke%27s+Peerage&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.burkespeerage.com%2Farticles%2Fireland%2Fpage93.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrish+House+of+Lords" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irish_House_of_Lords&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Journals of the House of Lords</dt> <dd><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.oireachtas.ie/Data/Library7/Library1/DC900086.pdf">Vol 1</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.oireachtas.ie/Data/Library7/Library1/DC900087.pdf">Vol 2</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.oireachtas.ie/Data/Library7/Library1/DC900088.pdf">Vol 3</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.oireachtas.ie/Data/Library7/Library1/DC900085.pdf">Vol 4</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.oireachtas.ie/Data/Library7/Library1/DC900084.pdf">Vol 5</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.oireachtas.ie/Data/Library7/Library1/DC900083.pdf">Vol 6</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.oireachtas.ie/Data/Library7/Library1/DC900090.pdf">Vol 7</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.oireachtas.ie/Data/Library7/Library1/DC900089.pdf">Vol 8</a> Proceedings 1634–1800; printed 1779–1800; large (~1 GB) <a href="/wiki/PDF" title="PDF">PDF</a> files from the <a href="/wiki/Oireachtas" title="Oireachtas">Oireachtas</a> library</dd></dl> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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title="History of Irish legislatures">Irish legislatures</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;">Pre-Union</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Parliament_of_Ireland_(1297–1800)39" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:23em"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Ireland" title="Parliament of Ireland">Parliament of Ireland</a> (1297–1800)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irish_House_of_Commons" title="Irish House of Commons">House of Commons</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">House of Lords</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;">War of Independence</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1il_%C3%89ireann_(Irish_Republic)" title="Dáil Éireann (Irish Republic)">Dáil Éireann</a> (1919–1922)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;">Home rule</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Parliament_of_Southern_Ireland_(1921–1922)48" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:23em"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Southern_Ireland" title="Parliament of Southern Ireland">Parliament of Southern Ireland</a> (1921–1922)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_Southern_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Commons of Southern Ireland">House of Commons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Southern_Ireland" title="Senate of Southern Ireland">Senate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Parliament_of_Northern_Ireland_(1921–1972)48" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:23em"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Parliament of Northern Ireland">Parliament of Northern Ireland</a> (1921–1972)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_Northern_Ireland" title="House of Commons of Northern Ireland">House of Commons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Senate of Northern Ireland">Senate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;">Post-independence</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Oireachtas_(Irish_Free_State)_(1922–1936)47" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:23em"><a href="/wiki/Oireachtas_(Irish_Free_State)" title="Oireachtas (Irish Free State)">Oireachtas (Irish Free State)</a> (1922–1936)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1il_%C3%89ireann_(Irish_Free_State)" title="Dáil Éireann (Irish Free State)">Dáil Éireann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seanad_%C3%89ireann_(Irish_Free_State)" title="Seanad Éireann (Irish Free State)">Seanad Éireann</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Oireachtas_(1937–present)31" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:23em"><a href="/wiki/Oireachtas" title="Oireachtas">Oireachtas</a> (1937–present)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1il_%C3%89ireann" title="Dáil Éireann">Dáil Éireann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seanad_%C3%89ireann" title="Seanad Éireann">Seanad Éireann</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;">Northern Ireland post-1972</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_Assembly_(1973)" title="Northern Ireland Assembly (1973)">Northern Ireland Assembly (1973)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_Assembly_(1982)" title="Northern Ireland Assembly (1982)">Northern Ireland Assembly (1982)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_Forum" title="Northern Ireland Forum">Northern Ireland Forum</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_Assembly" title="Northern Ireland Assembly">Northern Ireland Assembly</a> (post-1998)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Upper_houses_of_national_legislatures473" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:National_upper_houses" title="Template:National upper houses"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:National_upper_houses" title="Template talk:National upper houses"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:National_upper_houses" title="Special:EditPage/Template:National upper houses"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Upper_houses_of_national_legislatures473" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Upper_house" title="Upper house">Upper houses</a> of national <a href="/wiki/Legislature" title="Legislature">legislatures</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Federation" title="Federation">Federal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_Senate" title="Argentine Senate">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Senate" title="Australian Senate">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Council_(Austria)" title="Federal Council (Austria)">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_(Belgium)" title="Senate (Belgium)">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Peoples_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="House of Peoples of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Senate_(Brazil)" title="Federal Senate (Brazil)">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Canada" title="Senate of Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Federation" title="House of Federation">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Bundesrat" title="German Bundesrat">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajya_Sabha" title="Rajya Sabha">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dewan_Negara" title="Dewan Negara">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_the_Republic_(Mexico)" title="Senate of the Republic (Mexico)">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Nepal)" title="National Assembly (Nepal)">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Nigeria" title="Senate of Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Pakistan" title="Senate of Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation_Council_(Russia)" title="Federation Council (Russia)">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Somalia" title="Senate of Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_States_(South_Sudan)" title="Council of States (South Sudan)">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_States_(Sudan)" title="Council of States (Sudan)">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_States_(Switzerland)" title="Council of States (Switzerland)">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Unitary_state" title="Unitary state">Unitary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_the_Nation" title="Council of the Nation">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_(Antigua_and_Barbuda)" title="Senate (Antigua and Barbuda)">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_Bahamas#Senate" title="Parliament of the Bahamas">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consultative_Council_(Bahrain)" title="Consultative Council (Bahrain)">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Barbados" title="Senate of Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_the_Republic_(Belarus)" title="Council of the Republic (Belarus)">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_(Belize)" title="Senate (Belize)">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Council_(Bhutan)" title="National Council (Bhutan)">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Senators_(Bolivia)" title="Chamber of Senators (Bolivia)">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_(Burundi)" title="Senate (Burundi)">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_(Cambodia)" title="Senate (Cambodia)">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_(Cameroon)" title="Senate (Cameroon)">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_(Chad)" class="mw-redirect" title="Senate (Chad)">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Chile" title="Senate of Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Colombia" title="Senate of Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_(Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo)" title="Senate (Democratic Republic of the Congo)">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_(Republic_of_the_Congo)" title="Senate (Republic of the Congo)">Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="Senate of the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Senate of the Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_(Egypt)" title="Senate (Egypt)">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_(Equatorial_Guinea)" title="Senate (Equatorial Guinea)">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Eswatini" title="Senate of Eswatini">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_(France)" title="Senate (France)">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Gabon" title="Senate of Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_(Grenada)" title="Senate (Grenada)">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_(Haiti)" title="Senate (Haiti)">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_Representative_Council" title="Regional Representative Council">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seanad_%C3%89ireann" title="Seanad Éireann">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_the_Republic_(Italy)" title="Senate of the Republic (Italy)">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_(Ivory_Coast)" title="Senate (Ivory Coast)">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Jamaica#Senate" title="Parliament of Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Councillors" title="House of Councillors">Japan (post-1947)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_(Jordan)" title="Senate (Jordan)">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Kazakhstan" title="Senate of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Kenya" title="Senate of Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Lesotho" title="Senate of Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Liberia" title="Senate of Liberia">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_(Madagascar)" title="Senate (Madagascar)">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Councillors_(Morocco)" title="House of Councillors (Morocco)">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amyotha_Hluttaw" title="Amyotha Hluttaw">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Council_(Namibia)" title="National Council (Namibia)">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Nepal)" title="National Assembly (Nepal)">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_(Netherlands)" title="Senate (Netherlands)">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_State_(Oman)" title="Council of State (Oman)">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Palau" title="Senate of Palau">Palau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Paraguay" title="Senate of Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_the_Philippines" title="Senate of the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Poland" title="Senate of Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Romania" title="Senate of Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_(Rwanda)" title="Senate (Rwanda)">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Saint_Lucia" title="Senate of Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Council_(Slovenia)" title="National Council (Slovenia)">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Council_of_Provinces" title="National Council of Provinces">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Spain" title="Senate of Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_Tajikistan" title="National Assembly of Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Thailand" title="Senate of Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_(Trinidad_and_Tobago)" title="Senate (Trinidad and Tobago)">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Council_of_Regions_and_Districts" title="National Council of Regions and Districts">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Lords" title="House of Lords">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Uruguay" title="Senate of Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Uzbekistan" title="Senate of Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shura_Council_(Yemen)" title="Shura Council (Yemen)">Yemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Zimbabwe" title="Senate of Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependent and<br />other territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Samoa_Senate" title="American Samoa Senate">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Bermuda" title="Senate of Bermuda">Bermuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legislative_Council_of_the_Isle_of_Man" title="Legislative Council of the Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands_Senate" title="Northern Mariana Islands Senate">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Senate of Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">Non-UN states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Elders_(Somaliland)" title="House of Elders (Somaliland)">Somaliland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_abolished_upper_houses" title="List of abolished upper houses">Defunct</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Elders_(Afghanistan)" title="House of Elders (Afghanistan)">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Lords_(Austria)" title="House of Lords (Austria)">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_(British_Guiana)" title="Senate (British Guiana)">British Guiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Princes" title="Chamber of Princes">British Raj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Representatives_of_Burkina_Faso" title="Chamber of Representatives of Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Nationalities" title="Chamber of Nationalities">Burma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Ceylon" title="Senate of Ceylon">Ceylon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Control_Yuan" title="Control Yuan">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Costa_Rican_legislature#Senate_of_Costa_Rica" title="History of the Costa Rican legislature">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Parliament#Chamber_of_Counties" title="Croatian Parliament">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Cuba" title="Congress of Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Assembly_(Czechoslovakia)" title="Federal Assembly (Czechoslovakia)">Czechoslovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landstinget" class="mw-redirect" title="Landstinget">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Council" title="Conservative Council">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_States" title="Chamber of States">East Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Senate_of_Ecuador&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Senate of Ecuador (page does not exist)">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_(Egypt)" title="Senate (Egypt)">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Senate_of_El_Salvador&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Senate of El Salvador (page does not exist)">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Parliament_of_Ethiopia" title="Imperial Parliament of Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Fiji" title="Senate of Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Senate" title="Greek Senate">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Magnates" title="House of Magnates">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Iran" title="Senate of Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Iraq" title="Senate of Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kingdom of Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seanad_%C3%89ireann_(Irish_Free_State)" title="Seanad Éireann (Irish Free State)">Irish Free State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Peers_(Japan)" title="House of Peers (Japan)">Japan (pre-1947)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_Kingdom_of_Libya#Senate" title="Parliament of the Kingdom of Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_the_Maldives" title="Senate of the Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Malta" title="Senate of Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Mauritania" title="Senate of Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Legislative_Council" title="New Zealand Legislative Council">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Congress_of_Nicaragua" title="National Congress of Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Senate of Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_Republic_of_Peru#Senate" title="Congress of the Republic of Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_(Portugal)" title="Senate (Portugal)">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prussian_House_of_Lords" title="Prussian House of Lords">Prussia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Rhodesia#Senate" title="Parliament of Rhodesia">Rhodesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Council_(Russian_Empire)" title="State Council (Russian Empire)">Russian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_(Senegal)" title="Senate (Senegal)">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Senate_of_the_Kingdom_of_Serbia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Senate of the Kingdom of Serbia (page does not exist)">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_South_Africa" title="Senate of South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Councillors_(South_Korea)" title="House of Councillors (South Korea)">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_of_Nationalities" title="Soviet of Nationalities">Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%B6rsta_kammaren" title="Första kammaren">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_the_Republic_(Turkey)" title="Senate of the Republic (Turkey)">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Venezuela" title="Senate of Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reichsrat_(Germany)" title="Reichsrat (Germany)">Weimar Germany</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bicameralism" title="Bicameralism">Bicameralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unicameralism" title="Unicameralism">Unicameralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tricameralism" title="Tricameralism">Tricameralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multicameralism" title="Multicameralism">Multicameralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_abolished_upper_houses" title="List of abolished upper houses">List of abolished upper houses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_legislatures_by_country" title="List of legislatures by country">List of legislatures by country</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:National_bicameral_legislatures" title="Template:National bicameral legislatures">National bicameral legislatures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:National_unicameral_legislatures" title="Template:National unicameral legislatures">National unicameral legislatures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:National_lower_houses" title="Template:National lower houses">National lower houses</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Kingdom_of_Ireland716" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Kingdom_of_Ireland" title="Template:Kingdom of Ireland"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Kingdom_of_Ireland" title="Template talk:Kingdom of Ireland"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Kingdom_of_Ireland" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Kingdom of Ireland"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Kingdom_of_Ireland716" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Ireland" title="Kingdom of Ireland">Kingdom of Ireland</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Irish_history" title="Timeline of Irish history">Timeline of Irish history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Ireland_(1536%E2%80%931691)" title="History of Ireland (1536–1691)">History of Ireland (1536–1691)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Ireland_(1691%E2%80%931800)" title="History of Ireland (1691–1800)">History of Ireland (1691–1800)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General<br />and events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lordship_of_Ireland" title="Lordship of Ireland">Lordship of Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tudor_conquest_of_Ireland" title="Tudor conquest of Ireland">Tudor conquest of Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Irish_people" title="Anglo-Irish people">New English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surrender_and_regrant" title="Surrender and regrant">Surrender and regrant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformation_in_Ireland" title="Reformation in Ireland">Reformation in Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desmond_Rebellions" title="Desmond Rebellions">Desmond Rebellions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plantations_of_Ireland" title="Plantations of Ireland">Plantations of Ireland</a> (<a href="/wiki/Plantation_of_Ulster" title="Plantation of Ulster">Ulster</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nine_Years%27_War_(Ireland)" title="Nine Years' War (Ireland)">Nine Years' War</a> (<a href="/wiki/Flight_of_the_Earls" title="Flight of the Earls">Flight of the Earls</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Rebellion_of_1641" title="Irish Rebellion of 1641">Irish Rebellion of 1641</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Confederate_Wars" title="Irish Confederate Wars">Irish Confederate Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wars_of_the_Three_Kingdoms" title="Wars of the Three Kingdoms">Wars of the Three Kingdoms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cromwellian_conquest_of_Ireland" title="Cromwellian conquest of Ireland">Cromwellian conquest of Ireland</a> (<a href="/wiki/Irish_indentured_servants" title="Irish indentured servants">Barbadosed</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Williamite_War_in_Ireland" title="Williamite War in Ireland">Williamite–Jacobite War</a> (<a href="/wiki/Flight_of_the_Wild_Geese" title="Flight of the Wild Geese">Wild Geese</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Rebellion_of_1798" title="Irish Rebellion of 1798">Irish Rebellion of 1798</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Acts of <br />Parliament</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Poynings%27_Law_(on_certification_of_acts)" title="Poynings' Law (on certification of acts)">Poynings' Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Ireland_Act_1542" title="Crown of Ireland Act 1542">Crown of Ireland Act 1542</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Meath_and_Westmeath_Act_1543" title="Counties of Meath and Westmeath Act 1543">Counties of Meath and Westmeath Act 1543</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Settlement_of_Laois_and_Offaly_1556" class="mw-redirect" title="Settlement of Laois and Offaly 1556">Settlement of Laois and Offaly 1556</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Act_for_the_Settlement_of_Ireland_1652" title="Act for the Settlement of Ireland 1652">Act for the Settlement of Ireland 1652</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Act_of_Settlement_1662" title="Act of Settlement 1662">Act of Settlement 1662</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penal_laws_(Ireland)" title="Penal laws (Ireland)">Penal Laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popery_Act" title="Popery Act">Popery Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_1782" title="Constitution of 1782">Constitution of 1782</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acts_of_Union_1800" title="Acts of Union 1800">Acts of Union 1800</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Gaelic<br />conquests</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomond" title="Thomond">Tuadhmhumhain</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1543)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iveagh" title="Iveagh">Uí Echach</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1543)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lo%C3%ADgis" title="Loígis">Loígis</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1543)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clanricarde" title="Clanricarde">Clanricarde</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1544)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_U%C3%AD_Failghe" title="Kingdom of Uí Failghe">Uí Failghe</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1550)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U%C3%AD_D%C3%ADarmata" title="Uí Díarmata">Uí Díarmata</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1574)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clandeboye" title="Clandeboye">Clann Aodha Buidhe</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1574)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kings_of_Magh_Luirg" title="Kings of Magh Luirg">Magh Luirg</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1585)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airg%C3%ADalla" title="Airgíalla">Airgíalla</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1585)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iar_Connacht" title="Iar Connacht">Iar Connacht</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1589)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umhaill" title="Umhaill">Umhaill</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1593)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Desmond" title="Kingdom of Desmond">Deasmhumhain</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1596)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_William_%C3%8Dochtar" title="Mac William Íochtar">Mac William Íochtar</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1602)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Leinster" title="Kingdom of Leinster">Laigin</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1603)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Breifne" title="West Breifne">Bréifne Uí Ruairc</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1605)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbery_(barony)" title="Carbery (barony)">Cairbrigh</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1606)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyrconnell" title="Tyrconnell">Tír Chonaill</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1607)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%ADr_Eoghain" title="Tír Eoghain">Tír Eoghain</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1607)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fermanagh" title="Fermanagh">Fear Manach</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1607)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O%27Cahan" title="O'Cahan">Uí Catháin</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1607)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Breifne" title="East Breifne">Bréifne Uí Raghallaigh</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1607)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U%C3%AD_Mh%C3%A1ine" title="Uí Mháine">Uí Mháine</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1611)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Politics<br />and society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dublin_Castle_administration" title="Dublin Castle administration">Dublin Castle administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Ireland" title="Parliament of Ireland">Parliament of Ireland</a> (<a class="mw-selflink selflink">Irish House of Lords</a> and <a href="/wiki/Irish_House_of_Commons" title="Irish House of Commons">Irish House of Commons</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Privy_Council_of_Ireland" title="Privy Council of Ireland">Privy Council of Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Courts" title="Four Courts">Four Courts</a> (<a href="/wiki/Court_of_King%27s_Bench_(Ireland)" title="Court of King's Bench (Ireland)">King's Bench</a>, <a href="/wiki/Court_of_Exchequer_(Ireland)" title="Court of Exchequer (Ireland)">Exchequer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Court_of_Chancery_(Ireland)" title="Court of Chancery (Ireland)">Chancery</a> and <a href="/wiki/Court_of_Common_Pleas_(Ireland)" title="Court of Common Pleas (Ireland)">Common Pleas</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_of_Castle_Chamber" title="Court of Castle Chamber">Court of Castle Chamber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peerage_of_Ireland" title="Peerage of Ireland">Peerage of Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Army_(1661%E2%80%931801)" title="Irish Army (1661–1801)">Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Ireland" title="Church of Ireland">Church of Ireland</a> (<a href="/wiki/Protestant_Ascendancy" title="Protestant Ascendancy">Ascendancy</a> & <a href="/wiki/Recusancy_in_Ireland" title="Recusancy in Ireland">Recusancy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Lodge_of_Ireland" title="Grand Lodge of Ireland">Grand Lodge of Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinity_College_Dublin" title="Trinity College Dublin">Trinity College Dublin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_St_Patrick" title="Order of St Patrick">Order of St Patrick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacobitism" title="Jacobitism">Jacobites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whigs_(British_political_party)" title="Whigs (British political party)">Whigs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tories_(British_political_party)" title="Tories (British political party)">Tories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Patriot_Party" title="Irish Patriot Party">Irish Patriots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defenders_(Ireland)" title="Defenders (Ireland)">Defenders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Committee_(Ireland)" title="Catholic Committee (Ireland)">Catholic Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_Order" title="Orange Order">Orange Order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_United_Irishmen" title="Society of United Irishmen">United Irishmen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Ireland" title="Monarchy of Ireland">Monarchs</a><br /> and rulers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_VIII" title="Henry VIII">Henry VIII</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1542–1547)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_VI" title="Edward VI">Edward VI</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1547–1553)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Jane_Grey" title="Lady Jane Grey">Lady Jane Grey</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1553; disputed)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_I_of_England" title="Mary I of England">Mary I</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1553–1558)</span> & <a href="/wiki/Philip_II_of_Spain" title="Philip II of Spain">Philip</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;"><i><a href="/wiki/Jure_uxoris" title="Jure uxoris">jure uxoris</a></i> (1554–1558)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_I" title="Elizabeth I">Elizabeth I</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1558–1603)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_VI_and_I" title="James VI and I">James I</a> <span style="font-size: 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