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mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jorge_%C3%81lvares" title="Jorge Álvares – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Jorge Álvares" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jorge_%C3%81lvares" title="Jorge Álvares – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Jorge Álvares" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jorge_%C3%81lvares_(Seefahrer_in_China)" title="Jorge Álvares (Seefahrer in China) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Jorge Álvares (Seefahrer in China)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jorge_%C3%81lvares" title="Jorge Álvares – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Jorge Álvares" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jorge_%C3%81lvares" title="Jorge Álvares – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Jorge Álvares" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%AC_%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B2" title="جرج آلوارز – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جرج آلوارز" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jorge_%C3%81lvares" title="Jorge Álvares – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Jorge Álvares" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A1%B0%EB%A5%B4%EC%A6%88_%EC%95%8C%EB%B0%94%EB%A5%B4%EC%8A%A4" title="조르즈 알바르스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="조르즈 알바르스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jorge_%C3%81lvares" title="Jorge Álvares – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Jorge Álvares" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jorge_%C3%81lvares" title="Jorge Álvares – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Jorge Álvares" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A7%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B8%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AB%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A1%E3%83%AC%E3%82%B9" title="ジョルジ・アルヴァレス – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ジョルジ・アルヴァレス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jorge_%C3%81lvares" title="Jorge Álvares – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Jorge Álvares" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jorge_%C3%81lvares" title="Jorge Álvares – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Jorge Álvares" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%88,_%D0%96%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B5" title="Алвареш, Жорже – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Алвареш, Жорже" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jorge_%C3%81lvares" title="Jorge Álvares – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Jorge Álvares" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B8_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%88" title="Жоржи Алвареш – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Жоржи Алвареш" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jorge_%C3%81lvares" title="Jorge Álvares – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Jorge Álvares" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Portuguese explorer</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Jorge Álvares</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Est%C3%A1tua_de_Jorge_%C3%81lvares.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Est%C3%A1tua_de_Jorge_%C3%81lvares.jpg/220px-Est%C3%A1tua_de_Jorge_%C3%81lvares.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="294" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Est%C3%A1tua_de_Jorge_%C3%81lvares.jpg/330px-Est%C3%A1tua_de_Jorge_%C3%81lvares.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Est%C3%A1tua_de_Jorge_%C3%81lvares.jpg/440px-Est%C3%A1tua_de_Jorge_%C3%81lvares.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2992" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Jorge Álvares statue in <a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">Late 15th century<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Freixo_de_Espada_%C3%A0_Cinta" title="Freixo de Espada à Cinta">Freixo de Espada à Cinta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Portugal" title="Kingdom of Portugal">Kingdom of Portugal</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">8 July 1521<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Tam%C3%A3o" title="Tamão">Tamão</a> (present day <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_people" title="Portuguese people">Portuguese</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role">Explorer</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data">First European explorer to reach China by sea during the <a href="/wiki/Age_of_Discovery" title="Age of Discovery">Age of Discovery</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Jorge Álvares</b> (died 8 July 1521) was a <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_discoveries" class="mw-redirect" title="Portuguese discoveries">Portuguese explorer</a>. He is credited as the first European to have reached China by sea during the <a href="/wiki/Age_of_Discovery" title="Age of Discovery">Age of Discovery</a>. His starting of settlements on an island in what is now <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a> is still considered a significant achievement, "for establishing commercial agreements with the Chinese [and for] maintaining the peace".<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Exploration">Exploration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jorge_%C3%81lvares&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Exploration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In May 1513, Álvares sailed under the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Malacca" title="Portuguese Malacca">Portuguese Malacca</a> captain Rui de Brito Patalim in a <a href="/wiki/Junk_(ship)" title="Junk (ship)">junk</a> from <a href="/wiki/Pegu" class="mw-redirect" title="Pegu">Pegu</a>. The expedition was accompanied by five other junks. Álvares himself was accompanied by two other Portuguese mariners.<sup id="cite_ref-Porter,_Jonathan_1996_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Porter,_Jonathan_1996-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Álvares made first contact on Chinese soil on an island near the historic city of <a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a> in southern China in May 1513.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The location of the island, which the Portuguese called <a href="/wiki/Tam%C3%A3o" title="Tamão">Tamão</a>, is not exactly known except that it is in the <a href="/wiki/Pearl_River_Delta" title="Pearl River Delta">Pearl River Delta</a>, and scholarship has suggested islands such as <a href="/wiki/Lantau_Island" title="Lantau Island">Lantau Island</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lintin_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Lintin Island">Lintin Island</a> as potential candidates.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Upon landing on Tamão, Álvares raised a <i><a href="/wiki/Padr%C3%A3o" title="Padrão">padrão</a></i> from the king of <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Porter,_Jonathan_1996_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Porter,_Jonathan_1996-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Based on information from their captain, they hoped to find a trade. Soon after this, <a href="/wiki/Afonso_de_Albuquerque" title="Afonso de Albuquerque">Afonso de Albuquerque</a>, the Viceroy of the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_India" title="Portuguese India">Estado da Índia</a> dispatched <a href="/wiki/Rafael_Perestrello" title="Rafael Perestrello">Rafael Perestrello</a>—a cousin of <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Columbus" title="Christopher Columbus">Christopher Columbus</a><sup id="cite_ref-brook_124_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brook_124-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>—to seek trade relations with the Chinese. In a ship from Malacca, Rafael Perestrello landed on the southern shores of <a href="/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong">Guangdong</a> later that year in 1513.<sup id="cite_ref-brook_124_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brook_124-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to a 1955 book by J.M. Braga, Álvares "learned about China’s culture, religion, finances, and military, valuable information for King Manuel I".<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>  </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death_and_legacy">Death and legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jorge_%C3%81lvares&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Death and legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Álvares died on 8 July 1521 in Tamão in the arms of his friend <a href="/wiki/Duarte_Coelho" title="Duarte Coelho">Duarte Coelho</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aside from questions as to the location of the place, historians also have no evidence as to the cause of death.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although the manner of his death was not recorded, Tamão was attacked in 1521 by the Chinese navy; it was abandoned and the Portuguese fled to <a href="/wiki/Malacca" title="Malacca">Malacca</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>. Over the subsequent years, the memories of the significance of his explorations and settlement faded. "Álvares’ role was reduced to a footnote."<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to <a href="/wiki/National_Geographic" title="National Geographic">National Geographic</a>, "Macau may never have existed if not for Tamão" where the Portuguese learned "how China, the Pearl River Delta, and the South China Sea worked". The settlement and Jorge Álvares "kickstarted a chain of events that ultimately spawned Macau".<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>  </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jorge_%C3%81lvares&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chronology_of_European_exploration_of_Asia" title="Chronology of European exploration of Asia">Chronology of European exploration of Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europeans_in_Medieval_China" title="Europeans in Medieval China">Europeans in Medieval China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fern%C3%A3o_Pires_de_Andrade" title="Fernão Pires de Andrade">Fernão Pires de Andrade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafael_Perestrello" title="Rafael Perestrello">Rafael Perestrello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luso-Chinese_agreement_(1554)" class="mw-redirect" title="Luso-Chinese agreement (1554)">Luso-Chinese agreement (1554)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jorge_%C3%81lvares&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFO’Connell2021" class="citation web cs1">O’Connell, Ronan (March 15, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210315175412/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/article/long-lost-city-tamao-hiding-in-plain-sight">"The long lost city of Tamão is hiding in plain sight"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/National_Geographic" title="National Geographic">National Geographic</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/article/long-lost-city-tamao-hiding-in-plain-sight">the original</a> on March 15, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Geographic&rft.atitle=The+long+lost+city+of+Tam%C3%A3o+is+hiding+in+plain+sight&rft.date=2021-03-15&rft.aulast=O%E2%80%99Connell&rft.aufirst=Ronan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalgeographic.com%2Ftravel%2Farticle%2Flong-lost-city-tamao-hiding-in-plain-sight&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJorge+%C3%81lvares" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Porter,_Jonathan_1996-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Porter,_Jonathan_1996_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Porter,_Jonathan_1996_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Porter, Jonathan. [1996] (1996). Macau, the Imaginary City: Culture and Society, 1557 to the Present. Westview Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8133-3749-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-8133-3749-6">0-8133-3749-6</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Edmonds. [2002] (2002) China and Europe Since 1978: A European Perspective. Cambridge University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-52403-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-52403-2">0-521-52403-2</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-brook_124-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-brook_124_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-brook_124_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Brook, 124.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBraga1939" class="citation journal cs1">Braga, J. M. (May 1939). "The "Tamao" of the Portuguese Pioneers". <i>Tien Hsia Monthly</i>. <b>VIII</b> (5): 423.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tien+Hsia+Monthly&rft.atitle=The+%22Tamao%22+of+the+Portuguese+Pioneers&rft.volume=VIII&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=423&rft.date=1939-05&rft.aulast=Braga&rft.aufirst=J.+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJorge+%C3%81lvares" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jorge_%C3%81lvares&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:The_Wikipedia_Library" title="Wikipedia:The Wikipedia Library">Library resources</a> about <br /> <b>Jorge Álvares</b> <hr /></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=viaf&su=99772679">Resources in your library</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=viaf&su=99772679&library=0CHOOSE0">Resources in other libraries</a></li> </ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Brook_(historian)" class="mw-redirect" title="Timothy Brook (historian)">Brook, Timothy</a>. (1998). <i><a href="/wiki/The_Confusions_of_Pleasure:_Commerce_and_Culture_in_Ming_China" class="mw-redirect" title="The Confusions of Pleasure: Commerce and Culture in Ming China">The Confusions of Pleasure: Commerce and Culture in Ming China</a></i>. Berkeley: University of California Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-520-22154-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-520-22154-0">0-520-22154-0</a> (Paperback).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jorge_%C3%81lvares&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130202134043/http://english.sohu.com/20050203/n224228767.shtml">https://web.archive.org/web/20130202134043/http://english.sohu.com/20050203/n224228767.shtml</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090522023805/http://jorgealvares.com/index.asp?LANG=2">The Jorge Álvares Foundation</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Maritime</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="In_service_of_Prince_Henry" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="wrap">In service of <a href="/wiki/Prince_Henry_the_Navigator" title="Prince Henry the Navigator">Prince Henry</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afonso_Gon%C3%A7alves_Baldaia" title="Afonso Gonçalves Baldaia">Afonso Gonçalves Baldaia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%81lvaro_Fernandes" title="Álvaro Fernandes">Álvaro Fernandes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alvise_Cadamosto" title="Alvise Cadamosto">Alvise Cadamosto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%A3o_Gon%C3%A7alves" title="Antão Gonçalves">Antão Gonçalves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_de_Noli" title="António de Noli">António de Noli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoniotto_Usodimare" title="Antoniotto Usodimare">Antoniotto Usodimare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bartolomeu_Perestrelo" class="mw-redirect" title="Bartolomeu Perestrelo">Bartolomeu Perestrelo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinis_Dias" title="Dinis Dias">Dinis Dias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diogo_Afonso" title="Diogo Afonso">Diogo Afonso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diogo_de_Melo_Coutinho_(15th_century)" title="Diogo de Melo Coutinho (15th century)">Diogo de Melo Coutinho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diogo_de_Silves" title="Diogo de Silves">Diogo de Silves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diogo_de_Teive" title="Diogo de Teive">Diogo de Teive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diogo_Gomes" title="Diogo Gomes">Diogo Gomes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernando_de_Castro" title="Fernando de Castro">Fernando de Castro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gil_Eanes" title="Gil Eanes">Gil Eanes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gon%C3%A7alo_de_Sintra" title="Gonçalo de Sintra">Gonçalo de Sintra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gon%C3%A7alo_Velho_Cabral" title="Gonçalo Velho Cabral">Gonçalo Velho Cabral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_de_Trasto" title="João de Trasto">João de Trasto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_Fernandes_(explorer)" title="João Fernandes (explorer)">João Fernandes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_Gon%C3%A7alves_Zarco" title="João Gonçalves Zarco">João Gonçalves Zarco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lan%C3%A7arote_de_Freitas" title="Lançarote de Freitas">Lançarote de Freitas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuno_Trist%C3%A3o" title="Nuno Tristão">Nuno Tristão</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_de_Sintra" title="Pedro de Sintra">Pedro de Sintra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trist%C3%A3o_Vaz_Teixeira" title="Tristão Vaz Teixeira">Tristão Vaz Teixeira</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afonso_de_Albuquerque" title="Afonso de Albuquerque">Afonso de Albuquerque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%81lvaro_Martins" title="Álvaro Martins">Álvaro Martins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Gon%C3%A7alves_(explorer)" title="André Gonçalves (explorer)">André Gonçalves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_de_Abreu" title="António de Abreu">António de Abreu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_de_Faria" title="António de Faria">António de Faria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_de_Saldanha" title="António de Saldanha">António de Saldanha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_Galv%C3%A3o" title="António Galvão">António Galvão</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_Mota" title="António Mota">António Mota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bartolomeu_Dias" title="Bartolomeu Dias">Bartolomeu Dias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crist%C3%B3v%C3%A3o_de_Mendon%C3%A7a" title="Cristóvão de Mendonça">Cristóvão de Mendonça</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crist%C3%B3v%C3%A3o_Jacques" title="Cristóvão Jacques">Cristóvão Jacques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diogo_C%C3%A3o" title="Diogo Cão">Diogo Cão</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diogo_da_Rocha" title="Diogo da Rocha">Diogo da Rocha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diogo_de_Azambuja" title="Diogo de Azambuja">Diogo de Azambuja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diogo_Dias" title="Diogo Dias">Diogo Dias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diogo_Fernandes_Pereira" title="Diogo Fernandes Pereira">Diogo Fernandes Pereira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diogo_Lopes_de_Sequeira" title="Diogo Lopes de Sequeira">Diogo Lopes de Sequeira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diogo_Rodrigues" title="Diogo Rodrigues">Diogo Rodrigues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diogo_Soares" title="Diogo Soares">Diogo Soares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duarte_Fernandes" title="Duarte Fernandes">Duarte Fernandes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duarte_Pacheco_Pereira" title="Duarte Pacheco Pereira">Duarte Pacheco Pereira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Est%C3%AAv%C3%A3o_da_Gama_(c._1470)" title="Estêvão da Gama (c. 1470)">Estêvão da Gama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fern%C3%A3o_de_Loronha" title="Fernão de Loronha">Fernão de Loronha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fern%C3%A3o_do_P%C3%B3" title="Fernão do Pó">Fernão do Pó</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fern%C3%A3o_Gomes" title="Fernão Gomes">Fernão Gomes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fern%C3%A3o_Mendes_Pinto" title="Fernão Mendes Pinto">Fernão Mendes Pinto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fern%C3%A3o_Pires_de_Andrade" title="Fernão Pires de Andrade">Fernão Pires de Andrade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Serr%C3%A3o" title="Francisco Serrão">Francisco Serrão</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaspar_Corte-Real" title="Gaspar Corte-Real">Gaspar Corte-Real</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaspar_de_Lemos" title="Gaspar de Lemos">Gaspar de Lemos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gomes_de_Sequeira" title="Gomes de Sequeira">Gomes de Sequeira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gon%C3%A7alo_%C3%81lvares" title="Gonçalo Álvares">Gonçalo Álvares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gon%C3%A7alo_Coelho" title="Gonçalo Coelho">Gonçalo Coelho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_Afonso_do_Estreito" title="João Afonso do Estreito">João Afonso do Estreito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_%C3%81lvares_Fagundes" title="João Álvares Fagundes">João Álvares Fagundes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_da_Gama" title="João da Gama">João da Gama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_da_Nova" title="João da Nova">João da Nova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_de_Santar%C3%A9m" title="João de Santarém">João de Santarém</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_Fernandes_Lavrador" title="João Fernandes Lavrador">João Fernandes Lavrador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_Grego" title="João Grego">João Grego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_Infante" title="João Infante">João Infante</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_Serr%C3%A3o" title="João Serrão">João Serrão</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_Vaz_Corte-Real" title="João Vaz Corte-Real">João Vaz Corte-Real</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jorge Álvares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jorge_de_Menezes" title="Jorge de Menezes">Jorge de Menezes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lopes_Gon%C3%A7alves" title="Lopes Gonçalves">Lopes Gonçalves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louren%C3%A7o_de_Almeida" title="Lourenço de Almeida">Lourenço de Almeida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miguel_Corte-Real" title="Miguel Corte-Real">Miguel Corte-Real</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolau_Coelho" title="Nicolau Coelho">Nicolau Coelho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paulo_da_Gama" title="Paulo da Gama">Paulo da Gama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_%C3%81lvares_Cabral" title="Pedro Álvares Cabral">Pedro Álvares Cabral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Mascarenhas" title="Pedro Mascarenhas">Pedro Mascarenhas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pero_Dias" title="Pero Dias">Pero Dias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pero_Escobar" title="Pero Escobar">Pero Escobar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama" title="Vasco da Gama">Vasco da Gama</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Overland</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afonso_de_Paiva" title="Afonso de Paiva">Afonso de Paiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_de_Serpa_Pinto" title="Alexandre de Serpa Pinto">Alexandre de Serpa Pinto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_%C3%81lvares_de_Almada" title="André Álvares de Almada">André Álvares de Almada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_%C3%81lvares" title="Francisco Álvares">Francisco Álvares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Barreto" title="Francisco Barreto">Francisco Barreto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_de_Lacerda" title="Francisco de Lacerda">Francisco de Lacerda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gon%C3%A7alo_da_Silveira" title="Gonçalo da Silveira">Gonçalo da Silveira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermenegildo_Capelo" title="Hermenegildo Capelo">Hermenegildo Capelo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jer%C3%B3nimo_Lobo" title="Jerónimo Lobo">Jerónimo Lobo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Alberto_de_Oliveira_Anchieta" title="José Alberto de Oliveira Anchieta">José Alberto de Oliveira Anchieta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Sapateiro" title="José Sapateiro">José Sapateiro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louren%C3%A7o_Marques_(explorer)" title="Lourenço Marques (explorer)">Lourenço Marques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paulo_Dias_de_Novais" title="Paulo Dias de Novais">Paulo Dias de Novais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pero_da_Covilh%C3%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="Pero da Covilhã">Pero da Covilhã</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberto_Ivens" title="Roberto Ivens">Roberto Ivens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sancho_de_Tovar" title="Sancho de Tovar">Sancho de Tovar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silva_Porto_(explorer)" title="Silva Porto (explorer)">Silva Porto</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Rodrigues_Ferreira" title="Alexandre Rodrigues Ferreira">Alexandre Rodrigues Ferreira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_Raposo_Tavares" title="António Raposo Tavares">António Raposo Tavares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltasar_Fernandes" title="Baltasar Fernandes">Baltasar Fernandes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borba_Gato" title="Borba Gato">Borba Gato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Br%C3%A1s_Cubas" title="Brás Cubas">Brás Cubas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caramuru" title="Caramuru">Diogo Álvares Correia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domingos_Jorge_Velho" title="Domingos Jorge Velho">Domingos Jorge Velho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duarte_Coelho" title="Duarte Coelho">Duarte Coelho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martim_Soares_Moreno" title="Martim Soares Moreno">Martim Soares Moreno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Teixeira" title="Pedro Teixeira">Pedro Teixeira</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_da_Madalena" title="António da Madalena">António da Madalena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_de_Andrade" title="António de Andrade">António de Andrade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bento_de_G%C3%B3is" title="Bento de Góis">Bento de Góis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diogo_Veloso" title="Diogo Veloso">Diogo Veloso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domingo_Paes" title="Domingo Paes">Domingo Paes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Est%C3%AAv%C3%A3o_Cacella" title="Estêvão Cacella">Estêvão Cacella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fern%C3%A3o_Nunes" title="Fernão Nunes">Fernão Nunes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galeote_Pereira" title="Galeote Pereira">Galeote Pereira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_Cabral" title="João Cabral">João Cabral</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="wrap">In foreign service</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alberto_del_Canto" title="Alberto del Canto">Alberto del Canto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleixo_Garcia" title="Aleixo Garcia">Aleixo Garcia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_D%C3%ADaz_de_Cardoso" title="Antonio Díaz de Cardoso">Antonio Díaz de Cardoso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Est%C3%AAv%C3%A3o_Gomes" title="Estêvão Gomes">Estêvão Gomes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Magellan" title="Ferdinand Magellan">Ferdinand Magellan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaspar_Casta%C3%B1o_de_Sosa" title="Gaspar Castaño de Sosa">Gaspar Castaño de Sosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Ura" title="George Ura">George Ura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gin%C3%A9s_de_Mafra" title="Ginés de Mafra">Ginés de Mafra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Alfonse" title="Jean Alfonse">Jean Alfonse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_D%C3%ADaz_de_Sol%C3%ADs" title="Juan Díaz de Solís">Juan Díaz de Solís</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Cabrillo" title="Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo">Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luis_de_Carvajal_y_de_la_Cueva" title="Luis de Carvajal y de la Cueva">Luis de Carvajal y de la Cueva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lu%C3%ADs_Vaz_de_Torres" title="Luís Vaz de Torres">Luís Vaz de Torres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_de_Mederos" title="Manuel de Mederos">Manuel de Mederos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%91u%C3%B1o_Fern%C3%A1ndez_Lobo" title="Ñuño Fernández Lobo">Ñuño Fernández Lobo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Fernandes_de_Queir%C3%B3s" title="Pedro Fernandes de Queirós">Pedro Fernandes de Queirós</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sebasti%C3%A3o_Rodrigues_Soromenho" title="Sebastião Rodrigues Soromenho">Sebastião Rodrigues Soromenho</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_discoveries" class="mw-redirect" title="Portuguese discoveries">Portuguese discoveries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Notable_foreigners_who_visited_pre-Qing_China" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Notable_foreigners_who_visited_China" title="Template:Notable foreigners who visited China"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Notable_foreigners_who_visited_China" title="Template talk:Notable foreigners who visited China"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Notable_foreigners_who_visited_China" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Notable foreigners who visited China"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Notable_foreigners_who_visited_pre-Qing_China" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Notable foreigners who visited pre-Qing China</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Pre-Yuan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kum%C4%81raj%C4%ABva" title="Kumārajīva">Kumārajīva</a> (344–413)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Aubhakarasi%E1%B9%83ha" title="Śubhakarasiṃha">Śubhakarasiṃha</a> (637-735)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vajrabodhi" title="Vajrabodhi">Vajrabodhi</a> (671–741)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peroz_III" title="Peroz III">Peroz III</a> (7th c.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narsieh" title="Narsieh">Narsieh</a> (7th c.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ono_no_Imoko" title="Ono no Imoko">Ono no Imoko</a> (7th c.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takamuko_no_Kuromaro" title="Takamuko no Kuromaro">Takamuko no Kuromaro</a> (7th c.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sa%27d_ibn_Abi_Waqqas" title="Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas">Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas</a> (7th c.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodhisena" title="Bodhisena">Bodhisena</a> (704–760)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amoghavajra" title="Amoghavajra">Amoghavajra</a> (705–774)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugawara_no_Kiyotomo" title="Sugawara no Kiyotomo">Sugawara no Kiyotomo</a> (770-842)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abe_no_Nakamaro" title="Abe no Nakamaro">Abe no Nakamaro</a> (8th c.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awata_no_Mahito" title="Awata no Mahito">Awata no Mahito</a> (8th c.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kibi_no_Makibi" title="Kibi no Makibi">Kibi no Makibi</a> (8th c.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamanoue_no_Okura" title="Yamanoue no Okura">Yamanoue no Okura</a> (8th c.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyecho" title="Hyecho">Hyecho</a> (8th c.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou_massacre" title="Guangzhou massacre">Abu Zayd Al-Sirafi</a> (9th c.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%27oe_Ch%27i-w%C5%8Fn" title="Ch'oe Ch'i-wŏn">Ch'oe Ch'i-wŏn</a> (9th c.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egaku" title="Egaku">Egaku</a> (9th c.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulaiman_al-Tajir" title="Sulaiman al-Tajir">Sulaiman al-Tajir</a> (9th c.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vairocanavajra" title="Vairocanavajra">Vairocanavajra</a> (12th c.)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Yuan_dynasty" title="Yuan dynasty">Yuan dynasty</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ajall_Shams_al-Din_Omar" title="Ajall Shams al-Din Omar">Ajall Shams al-Din Omar</a> (1211–1279)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_and_Maffeo_Polo" title="Niccolò and Maffeo Polo">Niccolò and Maffeo Polo</a> (1230–1309)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Fanakati" title="Ahmad Fanakati">Ahmad Fanakati</a> (1242—1282)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_Montecorvino" title="John of Montecorvino">John of Montecorvino</a> (1247–1328)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marco_Polo" title="Marco Polo">Marco Polo</a> (1254–1324)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odoric_of_Pordenone" title="Odoric of Pordenone">Odoric of Pordenone</a> (1286–1331)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhy%C4%81nabhadra" title="Dhyānabhadra">Dhyānabhadra</a> (1289-1363)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_de%27_Marignolli" title="Giovanni de' Marignolli">Giovanni de' Marignolli</a> (1290–1353)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sa%27id_of_Mogadishu" title="Sa'id of Mogadishu">Sa'id of Mogadishu</a> (1301– ? )</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Battuta" title="Ibn Battuta">Ibn Battuta</a> (1304–1369)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming dynasty</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kench%C5%AB_Keimitsu" title="Kenchū Keimitsu">Kenchū Keimitsu</a> (15th c.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghiy%C4%81th_al-d%C4%ABn_Naqq%C4%81sh" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghiyāth al-dīn Naqqāsh">Ghiyāth al-dīn Naqqāsh</a> (fl. 1419-22)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galeote_Pereira" title="Galeote Pereira">Galeote Pereira</a> (1549-1553)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jorge Álvares</a> (16th c.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fern%C3%A3o_Pires_de_Andrade" title="Fernão Pires de Andrade">Fernão Pires de Andrade</a> (16th c.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom%C3%A9_Pires" title="Tomé Pires">Tomé Pires</a> (1465–1540)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonel_de_Sousa" title="Leonel de Sousa">Leonel de Sousa</a> (16th c.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%27Ali_Akbar_Khata%27i" title="'Ali Akbar Khata'i">'Ali Akbar Khata'i</a> (fl. ca. 1500–1516)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matteo_Ricci" title="Matteo Ricci">Matteo Ricci</a> (1552–1610)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Adam_Schall_von_Bell" title="Johann Adam Schall von Bell">Johann Adam Schall von Bell</a> (1591–1666)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Petlin" title="Ivan Petlin">Ivan Petlin</a> (17th c.)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q425897#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" 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href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJgCKkmFtT3jMXpXvDgVG3">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/119015552">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/nr93045600">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb121863534">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb121863534">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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