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<li id="toc-Royal_Museum_of_the_University" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Royal_Museum_of_the_University"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Royal Museum of the University</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Royal_Museum_of_the_University-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chambers_Street_Museum" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chambers_Street_Museum"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Chambers Street Museum</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chambers_Street_Museum-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Industrial_Museum_of_Scotland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Industrial_Museum_of_Scotland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1</span> <span>Industrial Museum of Scotland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Industrial_Museum_of_Scotland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Edinburgh_Museum_of_Science_and_Art" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Edinburgh_Museum_of_Science_and_Art"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.2</span> <span>Edinburgh Museum of Science and Art</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Edinburgh_Museum_of_Science_and_Art-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Royal_Scottish_Museum" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Royal_Scottish_Museum"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.3</span> <span>Royal Scottish Museum</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Royal_Scottish_Museum-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Royal_Museum_of_Scotland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Royal_Museum_of_Scotland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.4</span> <span>Royal Museum of Scotland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Royal_Museum_of_Scotland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-National_Museum_of_Antiquities_of_Scotland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_Museum_of_Antiquities_of_Scotland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>National Museum of Antiquities of Scotland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_Museum_of_Antiquities_of_Scotland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Museum_of_Scotland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Museum_of_Scotland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.1</span> <span>Museum of Scotland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Museum_of_Scotland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Merger_–_present_day" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Merger_–_present_day"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Merger – present day</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Merger_–_present_day-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Architecture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Architecture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Architecture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Royal_Scottish_Museum_building" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Royal_Scottish_Museum_building"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Royal Scottish Museum building</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Royal_Scottish_Museum_building-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Museum_of_Scotland_(Scottish_History_and_Archaeology)_building" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Museum_of_Scotland_(Scottish_History_and_Archaeology)_building"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Museum of Scotland (Scottish History and Archaeology) building</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Museum_of_Scotland_(Scottish_History_and_Archaeology)_building-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Collections</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">National Museum of Scotland</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 28 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-28" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">28 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eotlandiya_Milli_Muzeyi" title="Şotlandiya Milli Muzeyi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Şotlandiya Milli Muzeyi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%96" title="Нацыянальны музей Шатландыі – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Нацыянальны музей Шатландыі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Museu_Nacional_d%27Esc%C3%B2cia" title="Museu Nacional d'Escòcia – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Museu Nacional d'Escòcia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amgueddfa_Genedlaethol_yr_Alban" title="Amgueddfa Genedlaethol yr Alban – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Amgueddfa Genedlaethol yr Alban" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Museum_of_Scotland" title="National Museum of Scotland – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="National Museum of Scotland" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Museum_of_Scotland" title="National Museum of Scotland – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="National Museum of Scotland" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Museo_Nacional_de_Escocia" title="Museo Nacional de Escocia – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Museo Nacional de Escocia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nacia_Muzeo_de_Skotlando" title="Nacia Muzeo de Skotlando – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Nacia Muzeo de Skotlando" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eskoziako_Museo_Nazionala" title="Eskoziako Museo Nazionala – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Eskoziako Museo Nazionala" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%87_%D9%85%D9%84%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D8%B3%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF" title="موزه ملی اسکاتلند – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="موزه ملی اسکاتلند" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_national_d%27%C3%89cosse" title="Musée national d'Écosse – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Musée national d'Écosse" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%87%D5%B8%D5%BF%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB_%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%A3%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%A9%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A3%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Շոտլանդիայի ազգային թանգարան – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Շոտլանդիայի ազգային թանգարան" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Museum_Nasional_Skotlandia" title="Museum Nasional Skotlandia – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Museum Nasional Skotlandia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Museum_of_Scotland" title="National Museum of Scotland – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="National Museum of Scotland" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A8%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%95%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A3%E1%83%96%E1%83%94%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="შოტლანდიის ეროვნული მუზეუმი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="შოტლანდიის ეროვნული მუზეუმი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%81_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B7%D9%86%D9%89" title="متحف اسكتلندا الوطنى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="متحف اسكتلندا الوطنى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B9%E3%82%B3%E3%83%83%E3%83%88%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A4%A8" title="スコットランド博物館 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="スコットランド博物館" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skottlands_nasjonalmuseum" title="Skottlands nasjonalmuseum – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Skottlands nasjonalmuseum" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Museum_of_Scotland" title="National Museum of Scotland – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="National Museum of Scotland" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Museu_Nacional_da_Esc%C3%B3cia" title="Museu Nacional da Escócia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Museu Nacional da Escócia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%A8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Национальный музей Шотландии – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Национальный музей Шотландии" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naitional_Museum_o_Scotland" title="Naitional Museum o Scotland – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Naitional Museum o Scotland" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Museum_of_Scotland" title="National Museum of Scotland – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="National Museum of Scotland" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narodni_muzej_%C5%A0kotske" title="Narodni muzej Škotske – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Narodni muzej Škotske" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%98_%D0%A8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5" title="Национални музеј Шкотске – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Национални музеј Шкотске" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="இசுக்காட்லாந்து தேசிய அருங்காட்சியகம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இசுக்காட்லாந்து தேசிய அருங்காட்சியகம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0sko%C3%A7ya_Ulusal_M%C3%BCzesi" title="İskoçya Ulusal Müzesi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İskoçya Ulusal 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=National_Museum_of_Scotland&params=55_56_49_N_3_11_24_W_type:landmark_region:GB-SCT"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">55°56′49″N</span> <span class="longitude">3°11′24″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">55.94694°N 3.19000°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">55.94694; -3.19000</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Museum in Edinburgh, Scotland</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Royal Museum" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Royal_Museum_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Royal Museum (disambiguation)">Royal Museum (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org">National Museum of Scotland</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Museum_of_Scotland.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Museum_of_Scotland.jpg/250px-Museum_of_Scotland.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Museum_of_Scotland.jpg/375px-Museum_of_Scotland.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Museum_of_Scotland.jpg/500px-Museum_of_Scotland.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2288" data-file-height="1712" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="text-align: center">Scottish History and Archaeology department, opened in 1998 with collections from the National Museum of Antiquities of Scotland</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align: center"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:240px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:240px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:240px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Location_map_United_Kingdom_Edinburgh_Central.png" class="mw-file-description" title="National Museum of Scotland is located in Edinburgh city centre"><img alt="National Museum of Scotland is located in Edinburgh city centre" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Location_map_United_Kingdom_Edinburgh_Central.png/240px-Location_map_United_Kingdom_Edinburgh_Central.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="216" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Location_map_United_Kingdom_Edinburgh_Central.png/360px-Location_map_United_Kingdom_Edinburgh_Central.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Location_map_United_Kingdom_Edinburgh_Central.png/480px-Location_map_United_Kingdom_Edinburgh_Central.png 2x" data-file-width="806" data-file-height="724" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:51.811%;left:44.773%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="National Museum of Scotland"><img alt="National Museum of Scotland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#ededed">General information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Architectural style</th><td class="infobox-data category">Victorian Venetian Renaissance and modern</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Town or city</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data">Scotland</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=National_Museum_of_Scotland&params=55_56_49_N_3_11_24_W_type:landmark_region:GB-SCT"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">55°56′49″N</span> <span class="longitude">3°11′24″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">55.94694°N 3.19000°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">55.94694; -3.19000</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Construction started</th><td class="infobox-data">1861</td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Completed</th><td class="infobox-data">1866 and 1998</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Inaugurated</th><td class="infobox-data">1866</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Renovated</th><td class="infobox-data">2011</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#ededed">Design and construction</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Architect(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Benson_%26_Forsyth" title="Benson & Forsyth">Benson & Forsyth</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Structural engineer</th><td class="infobox-data">Anthony Hunt Associates</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#ededed">Website</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nms.ac.uk/national-museum-of-scotland/">www<wbr />.nms<wbr />.ac<wbr />.uk<wbr />/national-museum-of-scotland<wbr />/</a></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1633842#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Animals_(5986846359).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Animals_%285986846359%29.jpg/220px-Animals_%285986846359%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Animals_%285986846359%29.jpg/330px-Animals_%285986846359%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Animals_%285986846359%29.jpg/440px-Animals_%285986846359%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>Natural Sciences department, the room opened in 1866 with <a href="/wiki/Natural_history" title="Natural history">natural history</a> collections transferred from the adjacent <a href="/wiki/University_of_Edinburgh" title="University of Edinburgh">University of Edinburgh</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>National Museum of Scotland</b> in <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a>, Scotland is a museum of Scottish history and culture. </p><p>It was formed in 2006 with the merger of the new <b>Museum of Scotland</b>, with collections relating to Scottish <a href="/wiki/Antiquities" title="Antiquities">antiquities</a>, <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Scotland" title="Culture of Scotland">culture</a> and <a href="/wiki/History_of_Scotland" title="History of Scotland">history</a>, and the adjacent <b>Royal Scottish Museum</b> (opened in 1866 as the Edinburgh Museum of Science and Art, renamed in 1904, and for the period between 1985 and the merger named the Royal Museum of Scotland or simply the Royal Museum), with international collections covering science and technology, <a href="/wiki/Natural_history" title="Natural history">natural history</a>, and world cultures.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The two connected buildings stand beside each other on <a href="/wiki/Chambers_Street_(Edinburgh)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chambers Street (Edinburgh)">Chambers Street</a>, by the junction with the <a href="/wiki/George_IV_Bridge" title="George IV Bridge">George IV Bridge</a>, in central Edinburgh. The museum is part of <a href="/wiki/National_Museums_Scotland" title="National Museums Scotland">National Museums Scotland</a> and admission is free.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The two buildings retain distinctive characters: the Museum of Scotland is housed in a modern building opened in 1998, while the former Royal Museum building was begun in 1861 and partially opened in 1866, with a Victorian <a href="/wiki/Venetian_Renaissance" title="Venetian Renaissance">Venetian Renaissance</a> façade and a grand central hall of <a href="/wiki/Cast_iron" title="Cast iron">cast iron</a> construction that rises the full height of the building, design by <a href="/wiki/Francis_Fowke" title="Francis Fowke">Francis Fowke</a> and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Matheson_(architect)" title="Robert Matheson (architect)">Robert Matheson</a>. This building underwent a major refurbishment and reopened on 29 July 2011 after a three-year, £47 million project to restore and extend the building led by <a href="/wiki/Gareth_Hoskins_Architects" class="mw-redirect" title="Gareth Hoskins Architects">Gareth Hoskins Architects</a> along with the concurrent redesign of the exhibitions by <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Appelbaum_Associates" title="Ralph Appelbaum Associates">Ralph Appelbaum Associates</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The National Museum incorporates the collections of the former National Museum of Antiquities of Scotland. As well as the national collections of Scottish archaeological finds and medieval objects, the museum contains artefacts from around the world, encompassing geology, archaeology, natural history, science, technology, art, and world cultures. The sixteen new galleries reopened in 2011 include 8,000 objects, 80% of which were not previously on display.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of the more notable exhibits is the stuffed body of <a href="/wiki/Dolly_(sheep)" title="Dolly (sheep)">Dolly the sheep</a>, the first successful <a href="/wiki/Cloning" title="Cloning">cloning</a> of a mammal from an adult cell. Other highlights include <a href="/wiki/History_of_Ancient_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Ancient Egypt">Ancient Egyptian</a> exhibitions, one of <a href="/wiki/Sir_Elton_John" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Elton John">Sir Elton John</a>'s extravagant suits, the <a href="/wiki/Jean_Muir" title="Jean Muir">Jean Muir Collection</a> of costume and a large kinetic sculpture named the <a href="/wiki/Millennium" title="Millennium">Millennium</a> Clock. A Scottish invention that is a perennial favourite with children visiting as part of school trips is the <a href="/wiki/Maiden_(guillotine)" title="Maiden (guillotine)">Scottish Maiden</a>, an early beheading machine predating the French <a href="/wiki/Guillotine" title="Guillotine">guillotine</a>. </p><p>In 2019, the museum received 2,210,024 visitors, making it Scotland's most popular visitor attraction that year.<sup id="cite_ref-ALVA_2019_visitor_numbers_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ALVA_2019_visitor_numbers-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Museum_of_Scotland&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Royal_Museum_of_the_University">Royal Museum of the University</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Museum_of_Scotland&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Royal Museum of the University"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1697 <a href="/wiki/Robert_Sibbald" title="Robert Sibbald">Robert Sibbald</a> presented the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Edinburgh" title="University of Edinburgh">University of Edinburgh</a> <a href="/wiki/University_of_Edinburgh_College_of_Medicine_and_Veterinary_Medicine" title="University of Edinburgh College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine">College of Medicine</a> with a <a href="/wiki/Natural_history" title="Natural history">natural history</a> collection he had put together with his friend <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Balfour_(botanist)" title="Andrew Balfour (botanist)">Andrew Balfour</a>, who had recently died. The wide range of specimens was put on permanent display in the university, as one of the first museums in the UK. <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Defoe" title="Daniel Defoe">Daniel Defoe</a>, in <i><a href="/wiki/A_Tour_thro%27_the_Whole_Island_of_Great_Britain" title="A Tour thro' the Whole Island of Great Britain">A Tour thro' the Whole Island of Great Britain</a></i> published in 1737, called it "a fine Musæum, or Chamber of Rarities, which are worth seeing, and which, in some things, is not to be match'd in Europe". Later editions of the book said it had rarities not to be found in the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">Royal Society</a> or the <a href="/wiki/Ashmolean_Museum" title="Ashmolean Museum">Ashmolean Museum</a>. In 1767 the museum became the responsibility of the first <a href="/wiki/Regius_Professor" title="Regius Professor">Regius Professor</a> of natural history, Robert Ramsey, then in 1779 his successor <a href="/wiki/John_Walker_(natural_historian)" title="John Walker (natural historian)">John Walker</a> recorded that he had found the collection was in poor condition.<sup id="cite_ref-Uni_Collections_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Uni_Collections-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Defoe1727_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Defoe1727-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Regius Professorship, and the museum, was taken over in 1804 by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Jameson" title="Robert Jameson">Robert Jameson</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Mineralogy" title="Mineralogy">mineralogist</a> whose course covered <a href="/wiki/Zoology" title="Zoology">zoology</a> and <a href="/wiki/Geology" title="Geology">geology</a>, who built it up "not a private department of the university but as a public department connected in some degree with the country of Scotland". In 1812 it was renamed the "Royal Museum of the University". An enormous number of specimens were acquired, by buying from other collections and by encouraging travellers abroad to collect and preserve their finds. Packages were delivered duty-free, and half of the specimens collected by Royal Navy survey ships went to the museum (the other half going to the <a href="/wiki/British_Museum" title="British Museum">British Museum</a> in London). Jameson's natural history course held practical classes three times a week in "the great museum he had collected for illustrating his teaching", including description of exhibits and identification of mineral specimens. With support from the University Authorities, Edinburgh Town Council and the Commissioners for the College Buildings, a new museum was built in 1820 as part of <a href="/wiki/Old_College,_University_of_Edinburgh" title="Old College, University of Edinburgh">new university buildings</a> (the museum is now occupied by the <a href="/wiki/Talbot_Rice_Gallery" title="Talbot Rice Gallery">Talbot Rice Gallery</a>, its main features still in place).<sup id="cite_ref-Royal_Museum_of_Uni_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Royal_Museum_of_Uni-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Desmond_Moore_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Desmond_Moore-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Taxidermy" title="Taxidermy">taxidermist</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Edmonstone" title="John Edmonstone">John Edmonstone</a> undertook work for the museum, and in 1826 gave private lessons to <a href="/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin">Charles Darwin</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Edmonstone_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Edmonstone-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who later studied in the museum and befriended its curator, the <a href="/wiki/Ornithology" title="Ornithology">ornithologist</a> <a href="/wiki/William_MacGillivray" title="William MacGillivray">William MacGillivray</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Desmond_Moore_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Desmond_Moore-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The collections, noted as "second only to those of the British Museum", overfilled the available space. In 1852 Jameson suggested proposals, which were put forward by the university <a href="/wiki/Academic_senate" title="Academic senate">Senatus</a>, that the natural history collections be taken over by the government to form a new National Museum adjacent to the university, and integrated into it.<sup id="cite_ref-Royal_Museum_of_Uni_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Royal_Museum_of_Uni-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Grant1884_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grant1884-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jameson was seriously ill during this time, and died on 19 April 1854, shortly after the negotiated agreement was formalised.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chambers_Street_Museum">Chambers Street Museum</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Museum_of_Scotland&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Chambers Street Museum"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>For a few years after the museum first opened, its frontage looked on to a narrow lane. In the 1870s this lane was widened in forming <a href="/wiki/Chambers_Street,_Edinburgh" title="Chambers Street, Edinburgh">Chambers Street</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-OS_town_plans_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OS_town_plans-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-(publisher.)1881_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-(publisher.)1881-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over the following century, though there were official names, it became popularly known as the "Chambers Street Museum".<sup id="cite_ref-Archer_obit_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Archer_obit-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-McKean2000_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McKean2000-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Industrial_Museum_of_Scotland">Industrial Museum of Scotland</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Museum_of_Scotland&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Industrial Museum of Scotland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The site for building, bought earlier to ensure unobstructed light to the university buildings, had been occupied by two properties west of Jameson's museum; an Independent Chapel with seats for 1,000 fronting West College Street, and the <a href="/wiki/The_Mary_Erskine_School" title="The Mary Erskine School">Trades' Maiden Hospital</a> girls' school beside Argyle Square. The grounds of these buildings were bounded on the north by a narrow lane connecting North College Street to the square, and on the south by the <a href="/wiki/Flodden_Wall" class="mw-redirect" title="Flodden Wall">Flodden Wall</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Grant1884_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grant1884-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-OS_town_plans_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OS_town_plans-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><span class="anchor" id="Industrial_Museum_(Scotland)_Act_1860"></span> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">United Kingdom legislation</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox vevent mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="font-size:100%"><span style="font-size:125%">Industrial Museum (Scotland) Act 1860</span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-weight: bold;">Act of Parliament</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28variant_1%2C_1952-2022%29.svg/140px-Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28variant_1%2C_1952-2022%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28variant_1%2C_1952-2022%29.svg/210px-Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28variant_1%2C_1952-2022%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28variant_1%2C_1952-2022%29.svg/280px-Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28variant_1%2C_1952-2022%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1550" data-file-height="1550" /></span></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Parliament of the United Kingdom">Parliament of the United Kingdom</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Short_and_long_titles" title="Short and long titles">Long title</a></th><td class="infobox-data description">An Act to confer Powers on the Commissioners of Her Majesty's Works and Public Buildings to acquire certain Property in Edinburgh, for the Erection of an Industrial Museum for Scotland.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Citation_of_United_Kingdom_legislation" title="Citation of United Kingdom legislation">Citation</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/23_%26_24_Vict." class="mw-redirect" title="23 & 24 Vict.">23 & 24 Vict.</a> c. 117</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">Territorial extent </span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 1px solid #aaa;">Dates</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Royal_assent" title="Royal assent">Royal assent</a></th><td class="infobox-data">28 August 1860</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 1px solid #aaa;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cGFFAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA993">Text of statute as originally enacted</a></th></tr></tbody></table> <p>In 1854, the government chose to transfer the university's collection into an enlarged natural history museum combined with a new institution educating the public about commerce and industrial arts. It established the Industrial Museum of Scotland under the direction of the <a href="/wiki/Board_of_Trade" title="Board of Trade">Board of Trade</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Science_and_Art_Department" title="Science and Art Department">Science and Art Department</a> in London, and approved purchase of the site. The brief was to emulate <a href="/wiki/Geological_Museum" title="Geological Museum">The Museum of Practical Geology</a> of "London, but embracing, in addition, the economic products of the animal and vegetable kingdoms". The general director of the museum would be responsible to the Board. The university's Regius Professor of natural history continued as Keeper of its collection, with access to specimens to illustrate lectures, and also reported directly to the Board. In 1855 <a href="/wiki/George_Wilson_(chemist)" title="George Wilson (chemist)">George Wilson</a> was appointed as the museum's first director, he pressed ahead with preparations while the Board of Works organised designs, but died in 1859.<sup id="cite_ref-Catalogue_1869_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Catalogue_1869-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-S&A_report_1871_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-S&A_report_1871-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Croxen_Archer" title="Thomas Croxen Archer">Thomas Croxen Archer</a> was appointed director on 10 May 1860, and the Industrial Museum (Scotland) Act 1860 was passed on 28 August.<sup id="cite_ref-Haydn1861_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Haydn1861-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-RS_Edinburgh_1888_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RS_Edinburgh_1888-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Design work was carried out by Captain <a href="/wiki/Francis_Fowke" title="Francis Fowke">Francis Fowke</a>, Engineer and Artist of the Science and Art Department, and architect <a href="/wiki/Robert_Matheson_(architect)" title="Robert Matheson (architect)">Robert Matheson</a> of the Office of Works in Edinburgh. Contract documents were signed in May 1861, and construction began. In ceremonies on 23 October 1861, <a href="/wiki/Albert,_Prince_Consort" class="mw-redirect" title="Albert, Prince Consort">Prince Albert</a> laid the foundation stone of the <a href="/wiki/General_Post_Office" title="General Post Office">General Post Office</a> on Waterloo Place, then the foundation stone of the museum. This was his last public appearance before his death six weeks later.<sup id="cite_ref-Tate_2011_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tate_2011-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Edinburgh_Museum_of_Science_and_Art">Edinburgh Museum of Science and Art</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Museum_of_Scotland&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Edinburgh Museum of Science and Art"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The institution became the Edinburgh Museum of Science and Art in 1864,<sup id="cite_ref-EdwardsLien2016_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EdwardsLien2016-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with two divisions; Natural History, and Industrial Arts. The natural history collection was transferred from the university in 1865–1866. <a href="/wiki/Alfred,_Duke_of_Saxe-Coburg_and_Gotha" title="Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha">Prince Alfred</a> formally opened the first phase on 19 May 1866,<sup id="cite_ref-Catalogue_1869_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Catalogue_1869-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Mechanic_mag_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mechanic_mag-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with public access to the east wing and about a third of the Great Hall (now the Grand Gallery). A temporary wall formed the west gable of this space, displays in it included models and machinery of architecture, military and civil engineering, including <a href="/wiki/Lighthouse" title="Lighthouse">lighthouses</a>. A small hall (now Living Lands) accommodated manufactures. The natural history collection took up the large hall in the east wing (now Animal World),<sup id="cite_ref-Mechanic_mag_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mechanic_mag-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-National_Museums_history_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-National_Museums_history-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a corridor link to the university formed a "<a href="/wiki/Bridge_of_Sighs" title="Bridge of Sighs">Bridge of Sighs</a>" over West College Street. On the western half of the site, "old buildings" which had formed Argyll Square were in temporary use for agricultural and educational exhibits.<sup id="cite_ref-Mechanic_mag_29-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mechanic_mag-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Uni_Bridge_of_Sighs_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Uni_Bridge_of_Sighs-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:West_College_Street_Bridge,_Edinburgh.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/West_College_Street_Bridge%2C_Edinburgh.jpg/220px-West_College_Street_Bridge%2C_Edinburgh.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/West_College_Street_Bridge%2C_Edinburgh.jpg/330px-West_College_Street_Bridge%2C_Edinburgh.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/West_College_Street_Bridge%2C_Edinburgh.jpg/440px-West_College_Street_Bridge%2C_Edinburgh.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3476" data-file-height="5214" /></a><figcaption>Corridor connecting the museum to the university</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/George_Allman_(natural_historian)" title="George Allman (natural historian)">George Allman</a> became Regius Professor and Keeper of the natural history collection in 1855. Issues developed over access to specimens for teaching, particularly when some were lost, and he apparently neglected curation. <a href="/wiki/Charles_Wyville_Thomson" title="Charles Wyville Thomson">Wyville Thomson</a> took over in 1870, and the Board of Trade redefined duties, but curation was not his priority. For a reception in the Spring of 1871, the museum stored refreshments in the "Bridge of Sighs" corridor, but students found this and no drinks were left for the Edinburgh worthies, so a door restricted access from the university. Wyville Thomson went on the <a href="/wiki/Challenger_expedition" title="Challenger expedition"><i>Challenger</i> expedition</a> for four years.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-S&A_report_1871_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-S&A_report_1871-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Uni_Bridge_of_Sighs_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Uni_Bridge_of_Sighs-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The museum severed ties with the university in 1873, and appointed <a href="/wiki/Ramsay_Traquair" title="Ramsay Traquair">Ramsay Traquair</a> as its Keeper of the Natural History Collections.<sup id="cite_ref-Traquair_1883_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Traquair_1883-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The bridge was closed (at some time later it was reopened and for a while prior to the museum's temporary closure during World War II it provided limited access between the museum and University).<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The university had lost use of the museum specimens, so started a replacement teaching collection in its old museum space.<sup id="cite_ref-3rd_Natural_History_Collection_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3rd_Natural_History_Collection-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This became intolerably cramped, eventually <a href="/wiki/James_Hartley_Ashworth" title="James Hartley Ashworth">James Hartley Ashworth</a> raised funds and a new teaching laboratory and museum was opened in 1929 at the <a href="/wiki/King%27s_Buildings" title="King's Buildings">King's Buildings</a> campus.<sup id="cite_ref-Department_of_Zoology_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Department_of_Zoology-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1871 work began on widening the street to the north of the university and museum to form Chambers Street, linked to <a href="/wiki/George_IV_Bridge" title="George IV Bridge">George IV Bridge</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-(publisher.)1881_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-(publisher.)1881-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The central section of the Museum of Science and Art building, including the rest of the Great Hall, was completed in 1874 and formally opened to the public on 14 January 1875. The west wing was completed in 1888, rooms were opened to the public when they were fitted out, until the last one opened on 14 October 1890.<sup id="cite_ref-Art1895_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Art1895-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Oxford_Hist_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oxford_Hist-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Royal_Scottish_Museum">Royal Scottish Museum</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Museum_of_Scotland&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Royal Scottish Museum"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:National_Museum_of_Scotland_(42719086411).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/National_Museum_of_Scotland_%2842719086411%29.jpg/220px-National_Museum_of_Scotland_%2842719086411%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/National_Museum_of_Scotland_%2842719086411%29.jpg/330px-National_Museum_of_Scotland_%2842719086411%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/National_Museum_of_Scotland_%2842719086411%29.jpg/440px-National_Museum_of_Scotland_%2842719086411%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1368" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Percy_Pilcher" title="Percy Pilcher">Percy Pilcher</a>'s <i>Hawk</i> glider, restored after his fatal crash of 1899, and on display in the Royal Scottish Museum from 1909.<sup id="cite_ref-Thorns_2016_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thorns_2016-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Administration of the museum was transferred in 1901 from the <a href="/wiki/Science_and_Art_Department" title="Science and Art Department">Science and Art Department</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Education_Directorates#History" title="Education Directorates">Scottish Education Department</a>, and in 1904 the institution was renamed the Royal Scottish Museum.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-US_Museum1905_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-US_Museum1905-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Electricity was introduced, replacing the original gas lighting, and powering the first interactive displays in the museum: push-button working models, starting with a <a href="/wiki/Marine_steam_engine" title="Marine steam engine">marine steam engine</a> and a sectioned <a href="/wiki/Steam_locomotive" title="Steam locomotive">steam locomotive</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Herald_06_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Herald_06-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-National_Museums_history_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-National_Museums_history-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the period 1871-1911 much of the day-to-day running of the museum was undertaken not by the director, but by the curator.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Royal Scottish Museum has displayed practical joke exhibits on <a href="/wiki/April_Fool%27s_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="April Fool's Day">April Fool's Day</a> on at least one occasion. In 1975, a fictitious bird called the <a href="/wiki/Bare-fronted_Hoodwink" title="Bare-fronted Hoodwink">Bare-fronted Hoodwink</a> (known for its innate ability to fly away from observers before they could accurately identify it) was put on display. The exhibit included blurred photographs of birds flying away. To make the exhibit more convincing, a mount of the pretend bird was sewn together by a <a href="/wiki/Taxidermist" class="mw-redirect" title="Taxidermist">taxidermist</a> from various scraps of real birds, including the head of a <a href="/wiki/Carrion_crow" title="Carrion crow">carrion crow</a>, the body of a <a href="/wiki/Plover" title="Plover">plover</a>, and the feet of an unknown <a href="/wiki/Waterfowl" class="mw-redirect" title="Waterfowl">waterfowl</a>. The bare front was composed of <a href="/wiki/Wax" title="Wax">wax</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Royal_Museum_of_Scotland">Royal Museum of Scotland</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Museum_of_Scotland&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Royal Museum of Scotland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1985 the museum was renamed the Royal Museum of Scotland, and its administration came under the newly formed <a href="/wiki/National_Museums_Scotland" title="National Museums Scotland">National Museums Scotland</a>, along with the Museum of Antiquities which in 1998 moved to a new building constructed as an extension to the Royal Museum at the west end of Chambers Street.<sup id="cite_ref-Hourihane2012_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hourihane2012-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National_Museum_of_Antiquities_of_Scotland">National Museum of Antiquities of Scotland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Museum_of_Scotland&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: National Museum of Antiquities of Scotland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Society_of_Antiquaries_of_Scotland" title="Society of Antiquaries of Scotland">Society of Antiquaries of Scotland</a> was founded in 1780. It still continues, but in 1858 its collection of archaeological and other finds was transferred to the government as the <b>National Museum of Antiquities of Scotland</b>, and from 1891 it occupied half of a new building in Queen Street in the <a href="/wiki/New_Town,_Edinburgh" title="New Town, Edinburgh">New Town</a>, with its entrance hall shared with the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_National_Portrait_Gallery" title="Scottish National Portrait Gallery">Scottish National Portrait Gallery</a> which occupied the other half.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Museum_of_Scotland">Museum of Scotland</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Museum_of_Scotland&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Museum of Scotland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The organisational merger of the National Museum of Antiquities of Scotland and the Royal Scottish Museum took place in 1985, but the two collections retained separate buildings until 1995 when the Queen Street building closed, to reopen later occupied solely by the Scottish National Portrait Gallery. In 1998 the new Museum of Scotland building opened, adjacent to the Royal Museum of Scotland building, and connected to it. The masterplan to redevelop the Victorian building and further integrate the architecture and collections was launched in 2004. The split naming caused confusion to visitors, and in 2006 permission was granted to remove "Royal" to achieve a unified brand.<sup id="cite_ref-Herald_06_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Herald_06-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Merger_–_present_day"><span id="Merger_.E2.80.93_present_day"></span>Merger – present day</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Museum_of_Scotland&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Merger – present day"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 2006 the two museums were formally merged as the National Museum of Scotland. The naming had been changed for practical reasons, including strategy and marketing.<sup id="cite_ref-Herald_06_43-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Herald_06-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The old Chambers Street Museum building closed for redevelopment in 2008, before reopening in July 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Staff at the museum took several days of strike action at points during 2015 and 2016, called by the <a href="/wiki/Public_and_Commercial_Services_Union" title="Public and Commercial Services Union">Public and Commercial Services Union</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In August 2023, the museum began preparing for the return of the <a href="/wiki/Ni%27isjoohl_totem_pole" title="Ni'isjoohl totem pole">Ni'isjoohl totem pole</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Nisga%27a" title="Nisga'a">Nisga'a</a> people of <a href="/wiki/British_Columbia" title="British Columbia">British Columbia</a>, Canada. The 36 feet (11 m) pole was carved in 1855, and arrived in Scotland in 1929 after being stolen from the Nisga'a. It was sold to the museum by Canadian anthropologist <a href="/wiki/Marius_Barbeau" title="Marius Barbeau">Marius Barbeau</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Architecture">Architecture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Museum_of_Scotland&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NMoS_Opening_day_view_into_the_Grand_Gallery_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/NMoS_Opening_day_view_into_the_Grand_Gallery_02.jpg/170px-NMoS_Opening_day_view_into_the_Grand_Gallery_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/NMoS_Opening_day_view_into_the_Grand_Gallery_02.jpg/255px-NMoS_Opening_day_view_into_the_Grand_Gallery_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/NMoS_Opening_day_view_into_the_Grand_Gallery_02.jpg/340px-NMoS_Opening_day_view_into_the_Grand_Gallery_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>The Grand Gallery of the former Chambers Street Museum building on reopening day, 29 July 2011</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Royal_Scottish_Museum_building">Royal Scottish Museum building</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Museum_of_Scotland&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Royal Scottish Museum building"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Construction was started in 1861 and proceeded in phases, the eastern sections opened in 1866 before others had even begun construction. The full extent of the original design was completed in 1888.<sup id="cite_ref-Herald_06_43-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Herald_06-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was designed by civil engineer <a href="/wiki/Captain_Francis_Fowke" class="mw-redirect" title="Captain Francis Fowke">Captain Francis Fowke</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Engineers" title="Royal Engineers">Royal Engineers</a>, Engineer and Artist of the Science and Art Department in London who was also responsible for the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Albert_Hall" title="Royal Albert Hall">Royal Albert Hall</a>, and architect <a href="/wiki/Robert_Matheson_(architect)" title="Robert Matheson (architect)">Robert Matheson</a> of the Office of Works in Edinburgh.<sup id="cite_ref-Tate_2011_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tate_2011-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The exterior, designed in a <a href="/wiki/Venetian_Renaissance" title="Venetian Renaissance">Venetian Renaissance</a> style, contrasts sharply with the light-flooded main hall or Grand Gallery, inspired by <a href="/wiki/The_Crystal_Palace" title="The Crystal Palace">The Crystal Palace</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/40px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/60px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/80px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikinews has related news: <div><ul><li><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/National_Museum_of_Scotland_reopens_after_three-year_redevelopment" class="extiw" title="wikinews:National Museum of Scotland reopens after three-year redevelopment"> National Museum of Scotland reopens after three-year redevelopment</a></li></ul></div></div></div> </div> <p>Numerous extensions at the rear of the building, particularly in the 1930s, extended the museum greatly. 1998 saw the opening of the Museum of Scotland (now the Scottish History and Archaeology department), linked internally to the main building. The major redevelopment completed in 2011 by <a href="/wiki/Gareth_Hoskins" title="Gareth Hoskins">Gareth Hoskins</a> Architects uses former storage areas to form a vaulted Entrance Hall of 1,400 m<sup>2</sup> (15,000 sq ft) at street level with visitor facilities. This involved lowering the floor level by 1.2 metres (4 ft). Despite being a Class A listed building, it was possible to add lifts and escalators. The <a href="/wiki/Accessibility" title="Accessibility">accessible entrance</a> is at the corner tower of the Scottish History and Archaeology building.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Museum_of_Scotland_(Scottish_History_and_Archaeology)_building"><span id="Museum_of_Scotland_.28Scottish_History_and_Archaeology.29_building"></span>Museum of Scotland (Scottish History and Archaeology) building</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Museum_of_Scotland&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Museum of Scotland (Scottish History and Archaeology) building"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The building is designed by <a href="/wiki/Benson_%26_Forsyth" title="Benson & Forsyth">Benson & Forsyth</a>. Made up of geometric, <a href="/wiki/Le_Corbusier" title="Le Corbusier">Corbusian</a> forms, it has numerous references to Scotland, such as <a href="/wiki/Broch" title="Broch">brochs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Castle" title="Castle">castellated</a> defensive architecture.<sup id="cite_ref-:55_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:55-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:56_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:56-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is clad in golden <a href="/wiki/Moray" title="Moray">Moray</a> <a href="/wiki/Sandstone" title="Sandstone">sandstone</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-:55_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:55-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:56_56-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:56-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which one of its architects, Gordon Benson, has called "the oldest exhibit in the building", a reference to <a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Scotland" title="Geology of Scotland">Scottish geology</a>. There is a roof garden with Scottish species and panoramic views of the city. The building was a 1999 <a href="/wiki/Stirling_Prize" title="Stirling Prize">Stirling Prize</a> nominee.<sup id="cite_ref-:55_55-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:55-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collections">Collections</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Museum_of_Scotland&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Collections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The galleries in the newer building present Scottish history in an essentially chronological arrangement, beginning at the lowest level with prehistory to the early medieval period, with later periods on the higher levels. The Victorian building, as reopened in 2011, contains four zones (each with numerous galleries), covering natural history, world cultures (including galleries on the <a href="/wiki/Oceania" title="Oceania">South Pacific</a>, East Asia, and Ancient Egypt), European art and design, and science & technology. The Grand Gallery contains a variety of large objects from the collections, with a display called the "Window on the World" rising through four storeys, or about 20 metres (66 ft), containing over 800 objects reflecting the breadth of the collections. Beyond the Grand Gallery at ground level is the "Discoveries" gallery, with objects connected to "remarkable Scots ... in the fields of invention, exploration and adventure".<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Notable artifacts include: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_relief" class="mw-redirect" title="Assyrian relief">Assyrian relief</a> of <a href="/wiki/King_Ashurnasirpal_II" class="mw-redirect" title="King Ashurnasirpal II">King Ashurnasirpal II</a> and a court official</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monymusk_Reliquary" title="Monymusk Reliquary">Monymusk Reliquary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Ninian%27s_Isle_Treasure" title="St Ninian's Isle Treasure">St Ninian's Isle Treasure</a></li> <li>11 of the <a href="/wiki/Lewis_chessmen" title="Lewis chessmen">Lewis chessmen</a>. (The rest are owned by the <a href="/wiki/British_Museum" title="British Museum">British Museum</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_brooch" title="Celtic brooch">Celtic brooches</a>, including the <a href="/wiki/Hunterston_Brooch" title="Hunterston Brooch">Hunterston Brooch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torrs_Pony-cap_and_Horns" title="Torrs Pony-cap and Horns">Torrs Pony-cap and Horns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pictish_stones" class="mw-redirect" title="Pictish stones">Pictish stones</a>, such as the <a href="/wiki/Hilton_of_Cadboll_Stone" title="Hilton of Cadboll Stone">Hilton of Cadboll Stone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Woodwrae_Stone" title="Woodwrae Stone">Woodwrae Stone</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Monifieth_Sculptured_Stones" class="mw-redirect" title="Monifieth Sculptured Stones">Monifieth Sculptured Stones</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Cramond_Lioness" title="Cramond Lioness">Cramond Lioness</a>, <a href="/wiki/Newstead_Helmet" title="Newstead Helmet">Newstead Helmet</a> and other items from the Roman frontier</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Lunnasting_stone" title="Lunnasting stone">Lunnasting stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitecleuch_Chain" title="Whitecleuch Chain">Whitecleuch Chain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Migdale_Hoard" title="Migdale Hoard">Migdale Hoard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bute_mazer" title="Bute mazer">Bute mazer</a></li> <li>Sculptures by Sir <a href="/wiki/Eduardo_Paolozzi" title="Eduardo Paolozzi">Eduardo Paolozzi</a>, housing prehistoric <a href="/wiki/Jewellery" title="Jewellery">jewellery</a></li> <li>A <a href="/wiki/Union_Flag" class="mw-redirect" title="Union Flag">Union Flag</a> and <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Scotland" title="Flag of Scotland">Scottish Flag</a> raised by the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Hanover" title="House of Hanover">Hanoverians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jacobitism" title="Jacobitism">Jacobites</a> respectively at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Culloden" title="Battle of Culloden">Battle of Culloden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maiden_(beheading)" class="mw-redirect" title="Maiden (beheading)">The Maiden</a>, an early form of <a href="/wiki/Guillotine" title="Guillotine">guillotine</a></li> <li>The stuffed remains of <a href="/wiki/Dolly_(sheep)" title="Dolly (sheep)">Dolly the sheep</a><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Paintings by <a href="/wiki/Margaret_MacDonald_(artist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Margaret MacDonald (artist)">Margaret MacDonald</a></li> <li>Sculptures by <a href="/wiki/Andy_Goldsworthy" title="Andy Goldsworthy">Andy Goldsworthy</a>, inspired by the work of Scottish geologist <a href="/wiki/James_Hutton" title="James Hutton">James Hutton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballachulish_figure" title="Ballachulish figure">Ballachulish figure</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Galloway_Hoard" title="Galloway Hoard">Galloway Hoard</a></li> <li>The Darien chest, used to store money and documents as part of the <a href="/wiki/Darien_scheme" title="Darien scheme">Darien scheme</a></li> <li>A silver girdle gifted to tenant farmer <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Hardie" title="Margaret Hardie">Margaret Hardie</a> by the Earl of Lauderdale.</li> <li>16th century BC Egyptian coffin and mummy known as the <a href="/wiki/Qurna_Queen" title="Qurna Queen">Qurna Queen</a>.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Museum_of_Scotland&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional" style="max-width: 892px;"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Museum_of_ScotlandDSCF6322.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Deskford carnyx & modern reconstruction, c. 80–200 AD"><img alt="Deskford carnyx & modern reconstruction, c. 80–200 AD" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Museum_of_ScotlandDSCF6322.jpg/99px-Museum_of_ScotlandDSCF6322.jpg" decoding="async" width="99" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Museum_of_ScotlandDSCF6322.jpg/149px-Museum_of_ScotlandDSCF6322.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Museum_of_ScotlandDSCF6322.jpg/199px-Museum_of_ScotlandDSCF6322.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1720" data-file-height="2767" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Deskford <a href="/wiki/Carnyx" title="Carnyx">carnyx</a> & modern reconstruction, c. 80–200 AD</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Whitecleuch_chain.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Whitecleuch Chain; a penannular ring with Pictish symbols, dated to 400–800 AD"><img alt="The Whitecleuch Chain; a penannular ring with Pictish symbols, dated to 400–800 AD" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Whitecleuch_chain.jpg/180px-Whitecleuch_chain.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Whitecleuch_chain.jpg/270px-Whitecleuch_chain.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Whitecleuch_chain.jpg/360px-Whitecleuch_chain.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2292" data-file-height="1804" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Whitecleuch_Chain" title="Whitecleuch Chain">Whitecleuch Chain</a>; a penannular ring with <a href="/wiki/Pictish_symbol" class="mw-redirect" title="Pictish symbol">Pictish symbols</a>, dated to 400–800 AD</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Norrie%27s_Law_hoard_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hacksilver artifacts from Norrie's Law hoard, 6th century"><img alt="Hacksilver artifacts from Norrie's Law hoard, 6th century" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Norrie%27s_Law_hoard_3.jpg/106px-Norrie%27s_Law_hoard_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="106" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Norrie%27s_Law_hoard_3.jpg/160px-Norrie%27s_Law_hoard_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Norrie%27s_Law_hoard_3.jpg/213px-Norrie%27s_Law_hoard_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="5184" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Hacksilver artifacts from <a href="/wiki/Norrie%27s_Law_hoard" title="Norrie's Law hoard">Norrie's Law hoard</a>, 6th century</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Pictish_penannular_silver_brooches_in_the_hoard_from_St_Ninian%27s_Isle,_Shetland.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Brooches from St Ninian's Isle Treasure, Pictish horde, mid-8th century"><img alt="Brooches from St Ninian's Isle Treasure, Pictish horde, mid-8th century" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/The_Pictish_penannular_silver_brooches_in_the_hoard_from_St_Ninian%27s_Isle%2C_Shetland.jpg/123px-The_Pictish_penannular_silver_brooches_in_the_hoard_from_St_Ninian%27s_Isle%2C_Shetland.jpg" decoding="async" width="123" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/The_Pictish_penannular_silver_brooches_in_the_hoard_from_St_Ninian%27s_Isle%2C_Shetland.jpg/184px-The_Pictish_penannular_silver_brooches_in_the_hoard_from_St_Ninian%27s_Isle%2C_Shetland.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/The_Pictish_penannular_silver_brooches_in_the_hoard_from_St_Ninian%27s_Isle%2C_Shetland.jpg/245px-The_Pictish_penannular_silver_brooches_in_the_hoard_from_St_Ninian%27s_Isle%2C_Shetland.jpg 2x" data-file-width="690" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Brooches from <a href="/wiki/St_Ninian%27s_Isle_Treasure" title="St Ninian's Isle Treasure">St Ninian's Isle Treasure</a>, Pictish horde, mid-8th century</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:St_Ninian%27s_Isle_TreasureDSCF6209det.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chape from the St Ninian's Isle Treasure, c. 750–825 AD"><img alt="Chape from the St Ninian's Isle Treasure, c. 750–825 AD" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/St_Ninian%27s_Isle_TreasureDSCF6209det.jpg/180px-St_Ninian%27s_Isle_TreasureDSCF6209det.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="76" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/St_Ninian%27s_Isle_TreasureDSCF6209det.jpg/270px-St_Ninian%27s_Isle_TreasureDSCF6209det.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/St_Ninian%27s_Isle_TreasureDSCF6209det.jpg/360px-St_Ninian%27s_Isle_TreasureDSCF6209det.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2402" data-file-height="1012" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Chape" title="Chape">Chape</a> from the <a href="/wiki/St_Ninian%27s_Isle_Treasure" title="St Ninian's Isle Treasure">St Ninian's Isle Treasure</a>, c. 750–825 AD</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NMSMonymuskReliquary1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Monymusk Reliquary, 8th century"><img alt="The Monymusk Reliquary, 8th century" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/NMSMonymuskReliquary1.jpg/149px-NMSMonymuskReliquary1.jpg" decoding="async" width="149" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/NMSMonymuskReliquary1.jpg/224px-NMSMonymuskReliquary1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/NMSMonymuskReliquary1.jpg/298px-NMSMonymuskReliquary1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1863" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Monymusk_Reliquary" title="Monymusk Reliquary">Monymusk Reliquary</a>, 8th century</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NMSHunterstonBrooch1_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Hunterston Brooch, c. 700 AD"><img alt="The Hunterston Brooch, c. 700 AD" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/NMSHunterstonBrooch1_%28cropped%29.jpg/155px-NMSHunterstonBrooch1_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="155" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/NMSHunterstonBrooch1_%28cropped%29.jpg/232px-NMSHunterstonBrooch1_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/NMSHunterstonBrooch1_%28cropped%29.jpg/310px-NMSHunterstonBrooch1_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1652" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Hunterston_Brooch" title="Hunterston Brooch">Hunterston Brooch</a>, c. 700 AD</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:St%C3%A8leRocheCelte.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Daniel Stone (fragment), 7th century?"><img alt="Daniel Stone (fragment), 7th century?" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/St%C3%A8leRocheCelte.jpg/180px-St%C3%A8leRocheCelte.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/St%C3%A8leRocheCelte.jpg/270px-St%C3%A8leRocheCelte.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/St%C3%A8leRocheCelte.jpg/360px-St%C3%A8leRocheCelte.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Daniel Stone (fragment), 7th century? </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Silver-gilt_Pennanular_Brooch_(7816199762).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Rogart Brooch, 8th century"><img alt="The Rogart Brooch, 8th century" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Silver-gilt_Pennanular_Brooch_%287816199762%29.jpg/180px-Silver-gilt_Pennanular_Brooch_%287816199762%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Silver-gilt_Pennanular_Brooch_%287816199762%29.jpg/270px-Silver-gilt_Pennanular_Brooch_%287816199762%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Silver-gilt_Pennanular_Brooch_%287816199762%29.jpg/360px-Silver-gilt_Pennanular_Brooch_%287816199762%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="852" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Rogart_Brooch" title="Rogart Brooch">Rogart Brooch</a>, 8th century</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Galloway_Hoard_-_Brooch.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Brooch from the Galloway Hoard, 9th century"><img alt="Brooch from the Galloway Hoard, 9th century" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Galloway_Hoard_-_Brooch.jpg/159px-Galloway_Hoard_-_Brooch.jpg" decoding="async" width="159" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Galloway_Hoard_-_Brooch.jpg/238px-Galloway_Hoard_-_Brooch.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Galloway_Hoard_-_Brooch.jpg/318px-Galloway_Hoard_-_Brooch.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3021" data-file-height="3042" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Brooch from the <a href="/wiki/Galloway_Hoard" title="Galloway Hoard">Galloway Hoard</a>, 9th century</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chess01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Some of the 11 Lewis chessmen, 12th century"><img alt="Some of the 11 Lewis chessmen, 12th century" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Chess01.jpg/180px-Chess01.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Chess01.jpg/270px-Chess01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Chess01.jpg/360px-Chess01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="1728" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Some of the 11 <a href="/wiki/Lewis_chessmen" title="Lewis chessmen">Lewis chessmen</a>, 12th century</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:National_Museum_of_Scotland_(27850493227).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="St Fillan’s Crozier and The Coigreach, (both:) 11th and 15th centuries"><img alt="St Fillan’s Crozier and The Coigreach, (both:) 11th and 15th centuries" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/National_Museum_of_Scotland_%2827850493227%29.jpg/180px-National_Museum_of_Scotland_%2827850493227%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/National_Museum_of_Scotland_%2827850493227%29.jpg/270px-National_Museum_of_Scotland_%2827850493227%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/National_Museum_of_Scotland_%2827850493227%29.jpg/360px-National_Museum_of_Scotland_%2827850493227%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1365" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/St._Fillan%E2%80%99s_Crozier" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Fillan’s Crozier">St Fillan’s Crozier and The Coigreach</a>, (both:) 11th and 15th centuries</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Maiden,_National_Museum_of_Scotland.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="'The Maiden' 17th and 18th centuries"><img alt="'The Maiden' 17th and 18th centuries" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/The_Maiden%2C_National_Museum_of_Scotland.jpg/120px-The_Maiden%2C_National_Museum_of_Scotland.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/The_Maiden%2C_National_Museum_of_Scotland.jpg/180px-The_Maiden%2C_National_Museum_of_Scotland.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/The_Maiden%2C_National_Museum_of_Scotland.jpg/240px-The_Maiden%2C_National_Museum_of_Scotland.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="2560" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">'<a href="/wiki/Maiden_(guillotine)" title="Maiden (guillotine)">The Maiden</a>' 17th and 18th centuries</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Carved_ivory_horn,_National_Museum_of_Scotland,_Edinburgh.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Carved elephant tusk (11th/12th c.) from Sicily or Southern Italy"><img alt="Carved elephant tusk (11th/12th c.) from Sicily or Southern Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Carved_ivory_horn%2C_National_Museum_of_Scotland%2C_Edinburgh.jpg/180px-Carved_ivory_horn%2C_National_Museum_of_Scotland%2C_Edinburgh.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Carved_ivory_horn%2C_National_Museum_of_Scotland%2C_Edinburgh.jpg/270px-Carved_ivory_horn%2C_National_Museum_of_Scotland%2C_Edinburgh.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Carved_ivory_horn%2C_National_Museum_of_Scotland%2C_Edinburgh.jpg/360px-Carved_ivory_horn%2C_National_Museum_of_Scotland%2C_Edinburgh.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2712" data-file-height="1323" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Carved elephant tusk (11th/12th c.) from Sicily or Southern Italy</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dolly_the_Sheep_National_Museum_of_Scotland.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Taxidermy of Dolly the sheep"><img alt="Taxidermy of Dolly the sheep" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Dolly_the_Sheep_National_Museum_of_Scotland.jpg/180px-Dolly_the_Sheep_National_Museum_of_Scotland.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Dolly_the_Sheep_National_Museum_of_Scotland.jpg/270px-Dolly_the_Sheep_National_Museum_of_Scotland.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Dolly_the_Sheep_National_Museum_of_Scotland.jpg/360px-Dolly_the_Sheep_National_Museum_of_Scotland.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4592" data-file-height="3064" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Taxidermy of <a href="/wiki/Dolly_(sheep)" title="Dolly (sheep)">Dolly the sheep</a> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Inchkeith_lighthouse_Fresnel_lens.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Inchkeith lighthouse lens and drive mechanism"><img alt="Inchkeith lighthouse lens and drive mechanism" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Inchkeith_lighthouse_Fresnel_lens.JPG/55px-Inchkeith_lighthouse_Fresnel_lens.JPG" decoding="async" width="55" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Inchkeith_lighthouse_Fresnel_lens.JPG/83px-Inchkeith_lighthouse_Fresnel_lens.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Inchkeith_lighthouse_Fresnel_lens.JPG/110px-Inchkeith_lighthouse_Fresnel_lens.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1648" data-file-height="4761" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Inchkeith" title="Inchkeith">Inchkeith</a> lighthouse lens and drive mechanism</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Museum_of_Scotland&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSwinney2013" class="citation journal cs1">Swinney, Geoffrey (July 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://era.ed.ac.uk/handle/1842/8109">"PhD thesis:Towards an Historical Geography of a 'National' Museum: The Industrial Museum of Scotland, the Edinburgh Museum of Science and Art and the Royal Scottish Museum, 1854 - 1939"</a>. <i>Edinburgh Research Archive</i>. University of Edinburgh.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Edinburgh+Research+Archive&rft.atitle=PhD+thesis%3ATowards+an+Historical+Geography+of+a+%27National%27+Museum%3A+The+Industrial+Museum+of+Scotland%2C+the+Edinburgh+Museum+of+Science+and+Art+and+the+Royal+Scottish+Museum%2C+1854+-+1939.&rft.date=2013-07&rft.aulast=Swinney&rft.aufirst=Geoffrey&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fera.ed.ac.uk%2Fhandle%2F1842%2F8109&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Museum+of+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSwinney2014" class="citation journal cs1">Swinney, Geoffrey. N (2014). "Collecting Legacies: National Identity and the World-wide Collections of National Museums Scotland". <i>Review of Scottish Culture</i>. <b>26</b>: 132–147.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Review+of+Scottish+Culture&rft.atitle=Collecting+Legacies%3A+National+Identity+and+the+World-wide+Collections+of+National+Museums+Scotland&rft.volume=26&rft.pages=132-147&rft.date=2014&rft.aulast=Swinney&rft.aufirst=Geoffrey.+N&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Museum+of+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSwinney2006" class="citation journal cs1">Swinney, Geoffrey N. (2006). "Reconstructed Visions: The Philosophies that Shaped Part of the Scottish National Collections". <i>Museum Management and Curatorship</i>. <b>21</b> (2): 128 142. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F09647770600502102">10.1080/09647770600502102</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:220353761">220353761</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Museum+Management+and+Curatorship&rft.atitle=Reconstructed+Visions%3A+The+Philosophies+that+Shaped+Part+of+the+Scottish+National+Collections&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=128+142&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F09647770600502102&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A220353761%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Swinney&rft.aufirst=Geoffrey+N.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Museum+of+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAllan1954" class="citation book cs1">Allan, Douglas A. (1954). <i>The Royal Scottish Museum: Art & Ethnography, Natural History, Technology, Geology, 1854 to 1954</i>. Edinburgh: Oliver and Boyd.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Royal+Scottish+Museum%3A+Art+%26+Ethnography%2C+Natural+History%2C+Technology%2C+Geology%2C+1854+to+1954&rft.place=Edinburgh&rft.pub=Oliver+and+Boyd&rft.date=1954&rft.aulast=Allan&rft.aufirst=Douglas+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Museum+of+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSwinneyHeppell1997" class="citation journal cs1">Swinney, Geoffrey N.; Heppell, David (1997). "Public and Privileged Access: A Historical Survey of Admission Charges and Visitor Figures for Part of the Scottish National Collections". <i>Book of the Old Edinburgh Club</i>. New Series. <b>4</b>: 69 84.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Book+of+the+Old+Edinburgh+Club&rft.atitle=Public+and+Privileged+Access%3A+A+Historical+Survey+of+Admission+Charges+and+Visitor+Figures+for+Part+of+the+Scottish+National+Collections&rft.volume=4&rft.pages=69+84&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=Swinney&rft.aufirst=Geoffrey+N.&rft.au=Heppell%2C+David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Museum+of+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-edinburgh-east-fife-14313739">"National Museum of Scotland to reopen after £47m refit"</a>. BBC News. 27 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 December</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National+Museum+of+Scotland+to+reopen+after+%C2%A347m+refit&rft.pub=BBC+News&rft.date=2011-07-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-scotland-edinburgh-east-fife-14313739&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Museum+of+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated1-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">NMS press release for the reopening</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ALVA_2019_visitor_numbers-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ALVA_2019_visitor_numbers_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.alva.org.uk/details.cfm?p=423">"ALVA - Association of Leading Visitor Attractions"</a>. <i>alva.org.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=alva.org.uk&rft.atitle=ALVA+-+Association+of+Leading+Visitor+Attractions&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.alva.org.uk%2Fdetails.cfm%3Fp%3D423&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Museum+of+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Uni_Collections-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Uni_Collections_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nhc.ed.ac.uk/index.php?page=4.6">"Natural History Collections: First and Second Collections"</a>. University of Edinburgh<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Natural+History+Collections%3A+First+and+Second+Collections&rft.pub=University+of+Edinburgh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nhc.ed.ac.uk%2Findex.php%3Fpage%3D4.6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Museum+of+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Defoe1727-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Defoe1727_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaniel_Defoe1727" class="citation book cs1">Daniel Defoe (1727). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gG9bAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA1-PA36"><i>A Tour Thro' the Whole Island of Great Britain</i></a>. printed, and sold by G. Strahan. W. Mears. R. Francklin. S. Chapman. R. Stagg, and J. Graves. p. 36.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Tour+Thro%27+the+Whole+Island+of+Great+Britain&rft.pages=36&rft.pub=printed%2C+and+sold+by+G.+Strahan.+W.+Mears.+R.+Francklin.+S.+Chapman.+R.+Stagg%2C+and+J.+Graves&rft.date=1727&rft.au=Daniel+Defoe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgG9bAAAAQAAJ%26pg%3DRA1-PA36&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Museum+of+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Royal_Museum_of_Uni-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Royal_Museum_of_Uni_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Royal_Museum_of_Uni_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nhc.ed.ac.uk/index.php?page=4.7">"Natural History Collections: The Royal Museum of the University"</a>. University of Edinburgh<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Natural+History+Collections%3A+The+Royal+Museum+of+the+University&rft.pub=University+of+Edinburgh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nhc.ed.ac.uk%2Findex.php%3Fpage%3D4.7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Museum+of+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Desmond_Moore-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Desmond_Moore_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Desmond_Moore_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdrian_DesmondJames_R_Moore1992" class="citation book cs1">Adrian Desmond; James R Moore (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZHph8qFZq8wC&pg=PT43"><i>Darwin</i></a>. Penguin Books Limited. pp. 43–44. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-193556-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-193556-0"><bdi>978-0-14-193556-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Darwin&rft.pages=43-44&rft.pub=Penguin+Books+Limited&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-14-193556-0&rft.au=Adrian+Desmond&rft.au=James+R+Moore&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZHph8qFZq8wC%26pg%3DPT43&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Museum+of+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Edmonstone-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Edmonstone_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcNish2020" class="citation web cs1">McNish, James (16 October 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nhm.ac.uk/discover/john-edmonstone-the-man-who-taught-darwin-taxidermy.html">"John Edmonstone: the man who taught Darwin taxidermy"</a>. Natural History Museum<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=John+Edmonstone%3A+the+man+who+taught+Darwin+taxidermy&rft.pub=Natural+History+Museum&rft.date=2020-10-16&rft.aulast=McNish&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nhm.ac.uk%2Fdiscover%2Fjohn-edmonstone-the-man-who-taught-darwin-taxidermy.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Museum+of+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDarwin1958" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin">Darwin, Charles</a> (1958). <a href="/wiki/Nora_Barlow" title="Nora Barlow">Barlow, Nora</a> (ed.). <i>The autobiography of Charles Darwin 1809–1882. With the original omissions restored. Edited and with appendix and notes by his granddaughter</i>. London: Collins. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?pageseq=55&itemID=F1497&viewtype=text">53</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+autobiography+of+Charles+Darwin+1809%E2%80%931882.+With+the+original+omissions+restored.+Edited+and+with+appendix+and+notes+by+his+granddaughter&rft.place=London&rft.pages=53&rft.pub=Collins&rft.date=1958&rft.aulast=Darwin&rft.aufirst=Charles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Museum+of+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Grant1884-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Grant1884_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Grant1884_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrant1884" class="citation book cs1">Grant (1884). "The Chair of Technology". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xJAKAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA354"><i>The Story of the University of Edinburgh During Its First Three Hundred Years</i></a>. Longmans, Green, and Company. pp. 354–361.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Chair+of+Technology&rft.btitle=The+Story+of+the+University+of+Edinburgh+During+Its+First+Three+Hundred+Years&rft.pages=354-361&rft.pub=Longmans%2C+Green%2C+and+Company&rft.date=1884&rft.au=Grant&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxJAKAAAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA354&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Museum+of+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VVJTAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA3"><i>The Edinburgh Philosophical Journal</i></a>. Constable. 1854. p. 3.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Edinburgh+Philosophical+Journal&rft.pages=3&rft.pub=Constable&rft.date=1854&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVVJTAAAAcAAJ%26pg%3DPA3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Museum+of+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OS_town_plans-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-OS_town_plans_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OS_town_plans_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://maps.nls.uk/geo/explore/side-by-side/#zoom=17&lat=55.94772&lon=-3.18838&layers=71&right=72">Side-by-Side</a> Museum site on OS Town Plans of Edinburgh, 1849 and 1876, <a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Scotland" title="National Library of Scotland">National Library of Scotland</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-(publisher.)1881-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-(publisher.)1881_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-(publisher.)1881_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliam_Paterson1881" class="citation book cs1">William Paterson (1881). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2LgHAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA1-PA13"><i>The tourists' shilling handy guide to Scotland</i></a>. p. 13.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+tourists%27+shilling+handy+guide+to+Scotland&rft.pages=13&rft.date=1881&rft.au=William+Paterson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2LgHAAAAQAAJ%26pg%3DRA1-PA13&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Museum+of+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Archer_obit-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Archer_obit_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">"Obituary. The Late Professor Archer". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DQVEAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA467"><i>Forestry; a journal of forest and estate management</i></a>. Vol. X. Edinburgh: C&R Anderson. 1885. p. 467. <q>The Chambers Street Museum is perhaps the best monument of its late energetic and laborious chief. Edinburgh men who remember the modest beginnings in the old Argyle Square under the genial inspiration of the late Professor George Wilson ....</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Obituary.+The+Late+Professor+Archer&rft.btitle=Forestry%3B+a+journal+of+forest+and+estate+management&rft.place=Edinburgh&rft.pages=467&rft.pub=C%26R+Anderson&rft.date=1885&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDQVEAAAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA467&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Museum+of+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McKean2000-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-McKean2000_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCharles_McKean2000" class="citation book cs1">Charles McKean (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YTlUAAAAMAAJ"><i>The Making of the Museum of Scotland</i></a>. National Museums of Scotland Pub. p. 2. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-901663-11-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-901663-11-2"><bdi>978-1-901663-11-2</bdi></a>. <q>Founded in 1854, the new museum (popularly known as the Chambers Street Museum) was formed from the merging of Edinburgh University's Museum of Natural History with the Industrial Museum; and it was completed in 1864 as the Edinburgh Museum of Science and Art.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Making+of+the+Museum+of+Scotland&rft.pages=2&rft.pub=National+Museums+of+Scotland+Pub.&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-1-901663-11-2&rft.au=Charles+McKean&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYTlUAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Museum+of+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Catalogue_1869-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Catalogue_1869_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Catalogue_1869_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdinburgh_Museum_of_Science_and_Art1869" class="citation book cs1">Edinburgh Museum of Science and Art (1869). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=H7NYAAAAcAAJ&pg=PR3"><i>Catalogue of Industrial Department, second edition</i></a>. Edinburgh: Science and Art Department. pp. iii–v.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Catalogue+of+Industrial+Department%2C+second+edition&rft.place=Edinburgh&rft.pages=iii-v&rft.pub=Science+and+Art+Department&rft.date=1869&rft.au=Edinburgh+Museum+of+Science+and+Art&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DH7NYAAAAcAAJ%26pg%3DPR3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Museum+of+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-S&A_report_1871-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-S&A_report_1871_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-S&A_report_1871_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDepartment_of_Science_and_Art1871" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Science_and_Art_Department" title="Science and Art Department">Department of Science and Art</a> (1871). "Appendix A. (4.) Edinburgh Museum of Science and Art". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Kc2mLt0JxskC&pg=PA46"><i>18th Report</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/HMSO" class="mw-redirect" title="HMSO">HMSO</a>. pp. 46–47.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Appendix+A.+%284.%29+Edinburgh+Museum+of+Science+and+Art&rft.btitle=18th+Report&rft.pages=46-47&rft.pub=HMSO&rft.date=1871&rft.au=Department+of+Science+and+Art&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKc2mLt0JxskC%26pg%3DPA46&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Museum+of+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSwinney2016" class="citation journal cs1">Swinney, Geoffrey N. (2016). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Victorian+Web&rft.atitle=The+Royal+Scottish+Museum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.victorianweb.org%2Fart%2Farchitecture%2Ffowke%2F1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Museum+of+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:55-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:55_55-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:55_55-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:55_55-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFForsyth" class="citation web cs1">Forsyth, Benson &. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dome.mit.edu/handle/1721.3/140422">"Museum of Scotland Building [1998]"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Museum+of+Scotland+Building+%5B1998%5D&rft.aulast=Forsyth&rft.aufirst=Benson+%26.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdome.mit.edu%2Fhandle%2F1721.3%2F140422&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Museum+of+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:56-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:56_56-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:56_56-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.royalacademy.org.uk/art-artists/work-of-art/museum-of-scotland-edinburgh-section">"Museum of Scotland, Edinburgh: section, 1998"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Museum+of+Scotland%2C+Edinburgh%3A+section%2C+1998&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.royalacademy.org.uk%2Fart-artists%2Fwork-of-art%2Fmuseum-of-scotland-edinburgh-section&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Museum+of+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.architectsjournal.co.uk/buildings/twenty-years-of-the-riba-stirling-prize/8690200.article">"Twenty years of the RIBA Stirling Prize"</a>. <i>Architects' Journal</i>. 6 October 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Architects%27+Journal&rft.atitle=Twenty+years+of+the+RIBA+Stirling+Prize&rft.date=2015-10-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.architectsjournal.co.uk%2Fbuildings%2Ftwenty-years-of-the-riba-stirling-prize%2F8690200.article&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Museum+of+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">NMS press release on reopening</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/2930537.stm">"UK | Scotland | Dolly goes on display"</a>. BBC News. 9 April 2003<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UK+%26%23124%3B+Scotland+%26%23124%3B+Dolly+goes+on+display&rft.pub=BBC+News&rft.date=2003-04-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fscotland%2F2930537.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Museum+of+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Museum_of_Scotland&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:National_Museum_of_Scotland" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:National Museum of Scotland">National Museum of Scotland</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nms.ac.uk/national-museum-of-scotland/">Official website</a></span></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1633842#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nms.ac.uk/explore-our-collections/stories/scottish-history-and-archaeology/history-of-the-national-museum-of-scotland/">History of the National Museum of Scotland</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110720105902/http://www.hughpearman.com/articles/cwa35.htm">Review of the building</a> by <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Pearman_(architecture_critic)" title="Hugh Pearman (architecture critic)">Hugh Pearman</a> (archived)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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.navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Culture_and_leisure_facilities_in_Edinburgh" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:#FFD700; color:;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Culture_and_leisure_facilities_in_Edinburgh" title="Template:Culture and leisure facilities in Edinburgh"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Culture_and_leisure_facilities_in_Edinburgh" title="Template talk:Culture and leisure facilities in Edinburgh"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Culture_and_leisure_facilities_in_Edinburgh" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Culture and leisure facilities in Edinburgh"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Culture_and_leisure_facilities_in_Edinburgh" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="color: black">Culture and leisure facilities in </span><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh"><span style="color: black">Edinburgh</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFD700; color:;;width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFD700; color:;;width:8em">Entertainment<br />venues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bedlam_Theatre" title="Bedlam Theatre">Bedlam Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_Hill_Theatre" title="Church Hill Theatre">Church Hill Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominion_Cinema" title="Dominion Cinema">Dominion Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Arena" title="Edinburgh Arena">Edinburgh Arena</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(proposed)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Corn_Exchange" title="Edinburgh Corn Exchange">Edinburgh Corn Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Festival_Theatre" title="Edinburgh Festival Theatre">Edinburgh Festival Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_International_Conference_Centre" title="Edinburgh International Conference Centre">Edinburgh International Conference Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Playhouse" title="Edinburgh Playhouse">Edinburgh Playhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Theatre,_Edinburgh" title="King's Theatre, Edinburgh">King's Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Hall,_Edinburgh" title="Queen's Hall, Edinburgh">Queen's Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omni_Centre,_Edinburgh" title="Omni Centre, Edinburgh">Omni Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reid_Concert_Hall" title="Reid Concert Hall">Reid Concert Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_Theatre,_Edinburgh" title="Rose Theatre, Edinburgh">Rose Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Lyceum_Theatre" title="Royal Lyceum Theatre">Royal Lyceum Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Cecilia%27s_Hall" title="St Cecilia's Hall">St Cecilia's Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Cameo,_Edinburgh" title="The Cameo, Edinburgh">The Cameo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hub,_Edinburgh" title="The Hub, Edinburgh">The Hub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Pleasance" title="The Pleasance">The Pleasance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Khalid_Building" title="King Khalid Building">Symposium Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Summerhall" title="Summerhall">Summerhall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traverse_Theatre" title="Traverse Theatre">Traverse Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underbelly_(venue)" class="mw-redirect" title="Underbelly (venue)">Underbelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usher_Hall" title="Usher Hall">Usher Hall</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFD700; color:;;width:8em">Libraries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advocates_Library" title="Advocates Library">Advocates Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Library,_Edinburgh" title="Central Library, Edinburgh">Central Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_University_Library" title="Edinburgh University Library">Edinburgh University Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leith_Library" title="Leith Library">Leith Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonald_Road_Library" title="McDonald Road Library">McDonald Road Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Scotland" title="National Library of Scotland">National Library of Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portobello_Library,_Edinburgh" title="Portobello Library, Edinburgh">Portobello Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Poetry_Library" title="Scottish Poetry Library">Scottish Poetry Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stockbridge_Public_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="Stockbridge Public Library">Stockbridge Public Library</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFD700; color:;;width:8em">Museums and<br />galleries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Camera_Obscura,_Edinburgh" title="Camera Obscura, Edinburgh">Camera Obscura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_Observatory" title="City Observatory">City Observatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_Two" title="Modern Two">Dean Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fruitmarket_Gallery" title="Fruitmarket Gallery">Fruitmarket Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Georgian_House,_Edinburgh" title="The Georgian House, Edinburgh">Georgian House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Childhood_(Edinburgh)" title="Museum of Childhood (Edinburgh)">Museum of Childhood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Edinburgh" title="Museum of Edinburgh">Museum of Edinburgh</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">National Museum of Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_War_Museum" title="National War Museum">National War Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynamic_Earth_(Edinburgh)" title="Dynamic Earth (Edinburgh)">Our Dynamic Earth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_People%27s_Story_Museum" title="The People's Story Museum">People's Story Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Scottish_Academy_Building" title="Royal Scottish Academy Building">Royal Scottish Academy Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_National_Gallery" title="Scottish National Gallery">Scottish National Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_National_Gallery_of_Modern_Art" title="Scottish National Gallery of Modern Art">Scottish National Gallery of Modern Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_National_Portrait_Gallery" title="Scottish National Portrait Gallery">Scottish National Portrait Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Storytelling_Centre" title="Scottish Storytelling Centre">Scottish Storytelling Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surgeons%27_Hall" title="Surgeons' Hall">Surgeons' Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Writers%27_Museum" title="Writers' Museum">Writers' Museum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFD700; color:;;width:8em">Sport</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ainslie_Park" title="Ainslie Park">Ainslie Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archers%27_Hall" title="Archers' Hall">Archers' Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_Road" title="Easter Road">Easter Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_International_Climbing_Arena" title="Edinburgh International Climbing Arena">Edinburgh International Climbing Arena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Rugby_Stadium" title="Edinburgh Rugby Stadium">Edinburgh Rugby Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goldenacre_Sports_Ground" title="Goldenacre Sports Ground">Goldenacre Sports Ground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inverleith_Sports_Ground" title="Inverleith Sports Ground">Inverleith Sports Ground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meadowbank_Stadium" title="Meadowbank Stadium">Meadowbank Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meggetland_Sports_Complex" title="Meggetland Sports Complex">Meggetland Sports Complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murrayfield_Ice_Rink" title="Murrayfield Ice Rink">Murrayfield Ice Rink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murrayfield_Stadium" title="Murrayfield Stadium">Murrayfield Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myreside_Stadium" title="Myreside Stadium">Myreside Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oriam" title="Oriam">Oriam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Commonwealth_Pool" title="Royal Commonwealth Pool">Royal Commonwealth Pool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Grange_Club" title="The Grange Club">The Grange Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tynecastle_Park" title="Tynecastle Park">Tynecastle Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warrender_Baths" title="Warrender Baths">Warrender Baths</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Scottish_National_Portrait_Gallery_(8852189552).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Scottish_National_Portrait_Gallery_%288852189552%29.jpg/150px-Scottish_National_Portrait_Gallery_%288852189552%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Scottish_National_Portrait_Gallery_%288852189552%29.jpg/225px-Scottish_National_Portrait_Gallery_%288852189552%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Scottish_National_Portrait_Gallery_%288852189552%29.jpg/300px-Scottish_National_Portrait_Gallery_%288852189552%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1027" data-file-height="1454" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFD700; color:;;width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFD700; color:;;width:8em">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Filmhouse" title="Edinburgh Filmhouse">Edinburgh Filmhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Paul%27s_Parish_Church,_Edinburgh" title="St Paul's Parish Church, Edinburgh">Cygnet Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gateway_Theatre_(Edinburgh)" title="Gateway Theatre (Edinburgh)">Gateway Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Cinema,_Portobello" title="George Cinema, Portobello">The George Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leith_Theatre" title="Leith Theatre">Leith Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_Royal,_Edinburgh" title="Theatre Royal, Edinburgh">Theatre Royal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFD700; color:;;width:8em">Sport</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beechwood_Park,_Leith" title="Beechwood Park, Leith">Beechwood Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chancelot_Park" title="Chancelot Park">Chancelot Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_Park,_Edinburgh" title="City Park, Edinburgh">City Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawkhill" title="Hawkhill">Hawkhill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hibernian_Park" title="Hibernian Park">Hibernian Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Logie_Green" title="New Logie Green">New Logie Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Meadowbank" title="New Meadowbank">New Meadowbank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Logie_Green" title="Old Logie Green">Old Logie Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Meadowbank" title="Old Meadowbank">Old Meadowbank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Powderhall_Stadium" title="Powderhall Stadium">Powderhall Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Gymnasium_Ground" title="Royal Gymnasium Ground">Royal Gymnasium Ground</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Buildings_and_structures_in_Edinburgh" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Buildings_and_structures_in_Edinburgh" title="Template:Buildings and structures in Edinburgh"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Buildings_and_structures_in_Edinburgh" title="Template talk:Buildings and structures in Edinburgh"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Buildings_and_structures_in_Edinburgh" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Buildings and structures in Edinburgh"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Buildings_and_structures_in_Edinburgh" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Buildings and structures in <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_listed_buildings_in_Edinburgh" title="List of listed buildings in Edinburgh">Listed buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_and_structures_in_Edinburgh" title="List of tallest buildings and structures in Edinburgh">Tallest buildings and structures</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Government</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bute_House" title="Bute House">Bute House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_City_Chambers" title="Edinburgh City Chambers">Edinburgh City Chambers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Register_House" title="General Register House">General Register House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_House,_Edinburgh" title="Parliament House, Edinburgh">Parliament House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Parliament_Building" title="Scottish Parliament Building">Scottish Parliament Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Andrew%27s_House" title="St Andrew's House">St Andrew's House</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Libraries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Library,_Edinburgh" title="Central Library, Edinburgh">Central Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Scotland" title="National Library of Scotland">National Library of Scotland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Museums and<br />galleries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">National Museum of Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Scottish_Academy_Building" title="Royal Scottish Academy Building">Royal Scottish Academy Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_National_Gallery" title="Scottish National Gallery">Scottish National Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_National_Gallery_of_Modern_Art" title="Scottish National Gallery of Modern Art">Scottish National Gallery of Modern Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_National_Portrait_Gallery" title="Scottish National Portrait Gallery">Scottish National Portrait Gallery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Monuments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Melville_Monument" title="Melville Monument">Melville Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Monument_of_Scotland" title="National Monument of Scotland">National Monument of Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Monument" title="Scott Monument">Scott Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_National_War_Memorial" title="Scottish National War Memorial">Scottish National War Memorial</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current hospitals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Infirmary_of_Edinburgh" title="Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh">Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_General_Hospital" title="Western General Hospital">Western General</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Churches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greyfriars_Kirk" title="Greyfriars Kirk">Greyfriars Kirk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canongate_Kirk" title="Canongate Kirk">Canongate Kirk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Giles%27_Cathedral" title="St Giles' Cathedral">St Giles' Cathedral</a> (<a href="/wiki/Thistle_Chapel" title="Thistle Chapel">Thistle Chapel</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Mary%27s_Cathedral,_Edinburgh_(Episcopal)" title="St Mary's Cathedral, Edinburgh (Episcopal)">St Mary's Episcopal Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Mary%27s_Cathedral,_Edinburgh_(Catholic)" title="St Mary's Cathedral, Edinburgh (Catholic)">St Mary's Roman Catholic Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Margaret%27s_Chapel,_Edinburgh" title="St Margaret's Chapel, Edinburgh">St Margaret's Chapel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former churches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holyrood_Abbey" title="Holyrood Abbey">Holyrood Abbey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tron_Kirk" title="Tron Kirk">Tron Kirk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Houses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colony_houses" title="Colony houses">Colony houses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holyrood_Palace" title="Holyrood Palace">Holyrood Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Knox_House" title="John Knox House">John Knox House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramsay_Garden" title="Ramsay Garden">Ramsay Garden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hospitality</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balmoral_Hotel" title="Balmoral Hotel">Balmoral Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waldorf_Astoria_Edinburgh_-_The_Caledonian" class="mw-redirect" title="Waldorf Astoria Edinburgh - The Caledonian">The Caledonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Club,_Edinburgh" title="New Club, Edinburgh">New Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Scotsman_Hotel" title="The Scotsman Hotel">The Scotsman Hotel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sport</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Easter_Road" title="Easter Road">Easter Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murrayfield_Stadium" title="Murrayfield Stadium">Murrayfield Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tynecastle_Park" title="Tynecastle Park">Tynecastle Park</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Entertainment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Festival_Theatre" title="Edinburgh Festival Theatre">Edinburgh Festival Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_International_Conference_Centre" title="Edinburgh International Conference Centre">Edinburgh International Conference Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Theatre,_Edinburgh" title="King's Theatre, Edinburgh">King's Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Lyceum_Theatre" title="Royal Lyceum Theatre">Royal Lyceum Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usher_Hall" title="Usher Hall">Usher Hall</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Transport</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dean_Bridge" title="Dean Bridge">Dean Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Waverley_railway_station" title="Edinburgh Waverley railway station">Edinburgh Waverley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forth_Bridge" title="Forth Bridge">Forth Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forth_Road_Bridge" title="Forth Road Bridge">Forth Road Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_IV_Bridge" title="George IV Bridge">George IV Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haymarket_railway_station" title="Haymarket railway station">Haymarket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Bridge,_Edinburgh" title="North Bridge, Edinburgh">North Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Bridge,_Edinburgh" title="South Bridge, Edinburgh">South Bridge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defence</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Craigmillar_Castle" title="Craigmillar Castle">Craigmillar Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Castle" title="Edinburgh Castle">Edinburgh Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redford_Barracks" title="Redford Barracks">Redford Barracks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Buildings_and_structures_in_Edinburgh" title="Category:Buildings and structures in Edinburgh">Category</a></b> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Buildings_in_Edinburgh" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Buildings in Edinburgh"><b>Commons</b></a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Insular_art" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background: #e0d3bc"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Insular_art" title="Template:Insular art"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Insular_art" title="Template talk:Insular art"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Insular_art" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Insular art"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Insular_art" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Insular_art" title="Insular art">Insular art</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #e0d3bc;width:1%;background: #f3e9d4">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bell_shrine" title="Bell shrine">Bell shrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_brooch" title="Celtic brooch">Celtic brooch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_plaque" title="Crucifixion plaque">Crucifixion plaque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumdach" title="Cumdach">Cumdach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illuminated_manuscript" title="Illuminated manuscript">Illuminated manuscript</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insular_crozier" title="Insular crozier">Insular crozier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_cross" title="High cross">High cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House-shaped_shrine" title="House-shaped shrine">House-shaped shrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pictish_stone" title="Pictish stone">Pictish stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Processional_cross" title="Processional cross">Processional cross</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:LindisfarneFol27rIncipitMatt.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/LindisfarneFol27rIncipitMatt.jpg/120px-LindisfarneFol27rIncipitMatt.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/LindisfarneFol27rIncipitMatt.jpg/180px-LindisfarneFol27rIncipitMatt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/LindisfarneFol27rIncipitMatt.jpg/240px-LindisfarneFol27rIncipitMatt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1266" data-file-height="1797" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #e0d3bc;width:1%;background: #f3e9d4">Techniques</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background: #fefcf6"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carpet_page" title="Carpet page">Carpet page</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_knot" title="Celtic knot">Celtic knot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insular_illumination" title="Insular illumination">Insular illumination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interlace_(art)" title="Interlace (art)">Interlace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triskelion" title="Triskelion">Triple spiral</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #e0d3bc;width:1%;background: #f3e9d4">Examples</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ballinderry_Brooch" title="Ballinderry Brooch">Ballinderry Brooch</a> (late 6th or early 7th c)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rinnegan_Crucifixion_Plaque" title="Rinnegan Crucifixion Plaque">Rinnegan Crucifixion Plaque</a> (late 7th or early 8th century)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunterston_Brooch" title="Hunterston Brooch">Hunterston Brooch</a> (c. 700)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Durrow" title="Book of Durrow">Book of Durrow</a> (c. 700)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tara_Brooch" title="Tara Brooch">Tara Brooch</a> (c. 710-750)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lichfield_Gospels" title="Lichfield Gospels">Lichfield Gospels</a> (c. 730)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lindisfarne_Gospels" title="Lindisfarne Gospels">Lindisfarne Gospels</a> (c. 730)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ardagh_Hoard" title="Ardagh Hoard">Ardagh Chalice</a> (c. 750)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rogart_Brooch" title="Rogart Brooch">Rogart Brooch</a> (8th c.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moylough_Belt-Shrine" title="Moylough Belt-Shrine">Moylough Belt-Shrine</a> (8th c.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Fillan%27s_Crozier" title="St. Fillan's Crozier">St. Fillan's Crozier</a> (8th c.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Dimma" title="Book of Dimma">Book of Dimma</a> (8th c.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruthwell_Cross" title="Ruthwell Cross">Ruthwell Cross</a> (8th c.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breadalbane_Brooch" title="Breadalbane Brooch">Breadalbane Brooch</a> (8th c.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monymusk_Reliquary" title="Monymusk Reliquary">Monymusk Reliquary</a> (8th c.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stowe_Missal" title="Stowe Missal">Stowe Missal</a> (after 792)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tully_Lough_Cross" title="Tully Lough Cross">Tully Lough Cross</a> (8th or 9th c.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Londesborough_Brooch" title="Londesborough Brooch">Londesborough Brooch</a> (8th or 9th c.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derrynaflan_Chalice" title="Derrynaflan Chalice">Derrynaflan Chalice</a> (8th or 9th c.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domnach_Airgid" title="Domnach Airgid">Domnach Airgid</a> (8th or 9th & 14 c.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kilmainham_Brooch" title="Kilmainham Brooch">Kilmainham Brooch</a> (late 8th or early 9th c.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Kells" title="Book of Kells">Book of Kells</a> (9th c.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Armagh" title="Book of Armagh">Book of Armagh</a> (9th c.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prosperous_Crozier" title="Prosperous Crozier">Prosperous Crozier</a>, (late 9th or early 10th c.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muiredach%27s_High_Cross" title="Muiredach's High Cross">Muiredach's High Cross</a> (9th or 10th c.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kells_Crozier" title="Kells Crozier">Kells Crozier</a> (c. 9–11th c.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ardboe_High_Cross" title="Ardboe High Cross">Ardboe High Cross</a> (10th c.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corp_Naomh" title="Corp Naomh">Corp Naomh</a> (10th and 15th c.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soisc%C3%A9l_Molaisse" title="Soiscél Molaisse">Soiscél Molaisse</a> (c. 1001–1011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clonmacnoise_Crucifixion_Plaque" title="Clonmacnoise Crucifixion Plaque">Clonmacnoise Crucifixion Plaque</a> (late 10th or early 11th c.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell_Shrine_of_St._Mura" title="Bell Shrine of St. Mura">Bell Shrine of St. Mura</a> (11th c.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breac_Maodh%C3%B3g" title="Breac Maodhóg">Breac Maodhóg</a> (c. 11th c.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrine_of_Miosach" title="Shrine of Miosach">Shrine of Miosach</a> (11th c.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathach_of_St._Columba" title="Cathach of St. Columba">Cathach of St. Columba</a> (late 11th c.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clonmacnoise_Crozier" title="Clonmacnoise Crozier">Clonmacnoise Crozier</a> (late 11th c.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Laune_Crozier" title="River Laune Crozier">River Laune Crozier</a> (late 11th c.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrine_of_St._Patrick%27s_Bell" title="Shrine of St. Patrick's Bell">Shrine of St. Patrick's Bell</a> (c. 1094–1105)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lismore_Crozier" title="Lismore Crozier">Lismore Crozier</a> (c. 1100)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tynan_Crucifixion_Plaque" title="Tynan Crucifixion Plaque">Tynan Crucifixion Plaque</a> (c. 1100)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrine_of_Saint_Lachtin%27s_Arm" title="Shrine of Saint Lachtin's Arm">Shrine of Saint Lachtin's Arm</a> (c. 1120)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell_Shrine_of_St._Cuile%C3%A1in" title="Bell Shrine of St. Cuileáin">Bell Shrine of St. Cuileáin</a> (late-11th c.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross_of_Cong" title="Cross of Cong">Cross of Cong</a> (early 12th c.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrine_of_St_Patrick%27s_Tooth" title="Shrine of St Patrick's Tooth">Shrine of St Patrick's Tooth</a> (12th & late 14th c.)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #e0d3bc;width:1%;background: #f3e9d4">Collections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background: #fefcf6"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Museum" title="British Museum">British Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Trinity_College_Dublin" title="Library of Trinity College Dublin">Library of Trinity College Dublin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Ireland_%E2%80%93_Archaeology" title="National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology">National Museum of Ireland</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">National Museum of Scotland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #e0d3bc;width:1%;background: #f3e9d4">Notable art historians</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cormac_Bourke" title="Cormac Bourke">Cormac Bourke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raghnall_%C3%93_Floinn" title="Raghnall Ó Floinn">Raghnall Ó Floinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Harbison" title="Peter Harbison">Peter Harbison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachel_Moss_(art_historian)" title="Rachel Moss (art historian)">Rachel Moss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Griffin_Murray" title="Griffin Murray">Griffin Murray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1ire_de_Paor" title="Máire de Paor">Máire de Paor</a> (d. 1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Petrie_(antiquarian)" title="George Petrie (antiquarian)">George Petrie</a> (d. 1866)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Stokes" title="Margaret Stokes">Margaret Stokes</a> (d. 1900)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #e0d3bc;width:1%;background: #f3e9d4">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background: #fefcf6"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abbey_of_Kells" title="Abbey of Kells">Abbey of Kells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_art" title="Anglo-Saxon art">Anglo-Saxon art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_art" title="Celtic art">Celtic art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Christianity" title="Celtic Christianity">Celtic Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clonmacnoise" title="Clonmacnoise">Clonmacnoise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_art" title="English art">English art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iona" title="Iona">Iona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_art" title="Irish art">Irish art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picts#Art" title="Picts">Pictish art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_art" title="Scottish art">Scottish art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viking_art" title="Viking art">Viking art</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Museums_and_art_galleries_of_Scotland" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#BFD7FF;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Museums_and_art_galleries_in_Scotland" title="Template:Museums and art galleries in Scotland"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Museums_and_art_galleries_in_Scotland" title="Template talk:Museums and art galleries in Scotland"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Museums_and_art_galleries_in_Scotland" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Museums and art galleries in Scotland"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Museums_and_art_galleries_of_Scotland" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_Scotland" title="List of museums in Scotland">Museums</a> and <a href="/wiki/National_Galleries_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="National Galleries Scotland">art galleries</a> of <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_Museums_Scotland" title="National Museums Scotland">National Museums Scotland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">National Museum of Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Flight" title="National Museum of Flight">National Museum of Flight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Rural_Life" title="National Museum of Rural Life">National Museum of Rural Life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Museums_Collection_Centre" class="mw-redirect" title="National Museums Collection Centre">National Museums Collection Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_War_Museum" title="National War Museum">National War Museum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_Galleries_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="National Galleries Scotland">National Galleries Scotland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Modern_Two" title="Modern Two">Modern Two</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Scottish_Academy_Building" title="Royal Scottish Academy Building">Royal Scottish Academy Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_National_Gallery" title="Scottish National Gallery">Scottish National Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_National_Gallery_of_Modern_Art" title="Scottish National Gallery of Modern Art">Scottish National Gallery of Modern Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_National_Portrait_Gallery" title="Scottish National Portrait Gallery">Scottish National Portrait Gallery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Art_museums_and_galleries_in_Scotland" title="Category:Art museums and galleries in Scotland">Art galleries and collections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aberdeen_Art_Gallery" title="Aberdeen Art Gallery">Aberdeen Art Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broughton_Gallery" class="mw-redirect" title="Broughton Gallery">Broughton Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burrell_Collection" title="Burrell Collection">Burrell Collection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_Art_Centre" title="City Art Centre">City Art Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Institute" title="Dick Institute">Dick Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dundee_Contemporary_Arts" title="Dundee Contemporary Arts">Dundee Contemporary Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fruitmarket_Gallery" title="Fruitmarket Gallery">Fruitmarket Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallery_of_Modern_Art,_Glasgow" title="Gallery of Modern Art, Glasgow">Gallery of Modern Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Georgian_House,_Edinburgh" title="The Georgian House, Edinburgh">Georgian House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gracefield_Arts_Centre" title="Gracefield Arts Centre">Gracefield Arts Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groam_House_Museum" title="Groam House Museum">Groam House Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunterian_Museum_and_Art_Gallery" title="Hunterian Museum and Art Gallery">Hunterian Museum and Art Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inverness_Museum_and_Art_Gallery" title="Inverness Museum and Art Gallery">Inverness Museum and Art Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelvingrove_Art_Gallery_and_Museum" title="Kelvingrove Art Gallery and Museum">Kelvingrove Art Gallery and Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirkcaldy_Galleries" title="Kirkcaldy Galleries">Kirkcaldy Galleries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meffan_Institute" title="Meffan Institute">Meffan Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McLean_Museum" title="McLean Museum">McLean Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McLellan_Galleries" title="McLellan Galleries">McLellan Galleries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McManus_Galleries" class="mw-redirect" title="McManus Galleries">McManus Galleries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meigle_Sculptured_Stone_Museum" title="Meigle Sculptured Stone Museum">Meigle Sculptured Stone Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montrose_Museum" title="Montrose Museum">Montrose Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perth_Art_Gallery" title="Perth Art Gallery">Perth Art Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pier_Arts_Centre" title="Pier Arts Centre">Pier Arts Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stirling_Smith_Art_Gallery_and_Museum" title="Stirling Smith Art Gallery and Museum">Stirling Smith Art Gallery and Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Gallery,_Edinburgh" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen's Gallery, Edinburgh">Queen's Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talbot_Rice_Gallery" title="Talbot Rice Gallery">Talbot Rice Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tramway_(arts_centre)" title="Tramway (arts centre)">Tramway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%26A_Dundee" title="V&A Dundee">V&A Dundee</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alloa_Tower" title="Alloa Tower">Alloa Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broughty_Castle" title="Broughty Castle">Broughty Castle Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Livingstone_Centre" class="mw-redirect" title="David Livingstone Centre">David Livingstone Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Childhood_(Edinburgh)" title="Museum of Childhood (Edinburgh)">Museum of Childhood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provand%27s_Lordship" title="Provand's Lordship">Provand's Lordship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surgeons%27_Hall" title="Surgeons' Hall">Surgeons' Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Writers%27_Museum" title="Writers' Museum">Writers' Museum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Local_museums_in_Scotland" title="Category:Local museums in Scotland">Local history</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aden_Country_Park#Aberdeenshire_Farming_Museum" title="Aden Country Park">Aberdeenshire Farming Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Carnegie_Birthplace_Museum" title="Andrew Carnegie Birthplace Museum">Andrew Carnegie Birthplace Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angus_Folk_Museum" title="Angus Folk Museum">Angus Folk Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biggar_Museum_Trust" title="Biggar Museum Trust">Biggar Museum Trust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campbeltown_Heritage_Centre" title="Campbeltown Heritage Centre">Campbeltown Heritage Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clydebank_Museum" title="Clydebank Museum">Clydebank Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dumfries_Museum" title="Dumfries Museum">Dumfries Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceres,_Fife#Folk_Museum" title="Ceres, Fife">Fife Folk Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gairloch_Museum" title="Gairloch Museum">Gairloch Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gladstone%27s_Land" title="Gladstone's Land">Gladstone's Land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenesk_Folk_Museum" title="Glenesk Folk Museum">Glenesk Folk Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highland_Folk_Museum" title="Highland Folk Museum">Highland Folk Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highland_Museum_of_Childhood" class="mw-redirect" title="Highland Museum of Childhood">Highland Museum of Childhood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inveraray_Jail" title="Inveraray Jail">Inveraray Jail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Knox_House" title="John Knox House">John Knox House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Museum" title="King's Museum">King's Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meffan_Institute" title="Meffan Institute">Meffan Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montrose_Museum" title="Montrose Museum">Montrose Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalgarven_Mill_%E2%80%93_Museum_of_Ayrshire_Country_Life_and_Costume" title="Dalgarven Mill – Museum of Ayrshire Country Life and Costume">Museum of Ayrshire Country Life and Costume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Edinburgh" title="Museum of Edinburgh">Museum of Edinburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_the_University_of_St_Andrews" title="Museum of the University of St Andrews">Museum of the University of St Andrews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Lanark" title="New Lanark">New Lanark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Lanarkshire_Heritage_Centre" title="North Lanarkshire Heritage Centre">North Lanarkshire Heritage Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Haa_Museum" title="Old Haa Museum">Old Haa Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Orkney_Museum" title="The Orkney Museum">The Orkney Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Palace,_Glasgow" title="People's Palace, Glasgow">People's Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_People%27s_Story_Museum" title="The People's Story Museum">People's Story Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pier_House_Museum" title="Pier House Museum">Pier House Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provost_Skene%27s_House" title="Provost Skene's House">Provost Skene's House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scalloway_Museum" title="Scalloway Museum">Scalloway Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotland_Street_School_Museum" title="Scotland Street School Museum">Scotland Street School Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shetland_Museum" title="Shetland Museum">Shetland Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Signal_Tower_Museum" title="Signal Tower Museum">Signal Tower Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skye_Museum_of_Island_Life" title="Skye Museum of Island Life">Skye Museum of Island Life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Andrews_Museum" title="St Andrews Museum">St Andrews Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stewartry_Museum" title="Stewartry Museum">Stewartry Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stonehaven_Tolbooth" title="Stonehaven Tolbooth">Stonehaven Tolbooth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stromness_Museum" title="Stromness Museum">Stromness Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tain_%26_District_Museum" title="Tain & District Museum">Tain & District Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangwick_Haa" title="Tangwick Haa">Tangwick Haa Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Tolbooth,_Aberdeen" title="The Tolbooth, Aberdeen">The Tolbooth, Aberdeen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Maritime_museums_in_Scotland" title="Category:Maritime museums in Scotland">Maritime</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aberdeen_Maritime_Museum" title="Aberdeen Maritime Museum">Aberdeen Maritime Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%B6d_of_Gremista" title="Böd of Gremista">Böd of Gremista</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RRS_Discovery" title="RRS Discovery">Discovery Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Unicorn_(1824)" title="HMS Unicorn (1824)">HMS <i>Unicorn</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMY_Britannia" title="HMY Britannia">HMY <i>Britannia</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mull_of_Galloway_Lighthouse" class="mw-redirect" title="Mull of Galloway Lighthouse">Mull of Galloway Lighthouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Scottish_Lighthouses" class="mw-redirect" title="Museum of Scottish Lighthouses">Museum of Scottish Lighthouses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Fisheries_Museum" title="Scottish Fisheries Museum">Scottish Fisheries Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Maritime_Museum" title="Scottish Maritime Museum">Scottish Maritime Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Signal_Tower_Museum" title="Signal Tower Museum">Signal Tower Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skerryvore" title="Skerryvore">Skerryvore Lighthouse Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenlee_(ship)" title="Glenlee (ship)">The Tall Ship</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_and_war_museums_in_Scotland" title="Category:Military and war museums in Scotland">Military and war</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bannockburn#Bannockburn_Visitor_Centre" title="Battle of Bannockburn">Bannockburn Visitor Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balhousie_Castle" title="Balhousie Castle">Black Watch Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameronians_(Scottish_Rifles)#The_Cameronians_Museum" title="Cameronians (Scottish Rifles)">The Cameronians Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dumfries_and_Galloway_Aviation_Museum" title="Dumfries and Galloway Aviation Museum">Dumfries and Galloway Aviation Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_George,_Highland" title="Fort George, Highland">Fort George & The Highlanders Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Highlanders_Museum" title="Gordon Highlanders Museum">Gordon Highlanders Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Paul_Jones_Cottage_Museum" title="John Paul Jones Cottage Museum">John Paul Jones Cottage Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montrose_Air_Station_Heritage_Centre" title="Montrose Air Station Heritage Centre">Montrose Air Station Heritage Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morayvia" title="Morayvia">Morayvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orkney_Wireless_Museum" title="Orkney Wireless Museum">Orkney Wireless Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scapa_Flow_Museum" title="Scapa Flow Museum">Scapa Flow Museum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Natural_history_museums_in_Scotland" title="Category:Natural history museums in Scotland">Natural history</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/D%27Arcy_Thompson_Zoology_Museum" title="D'Arcy Thompson Zoology Museum">D'Arcy Thompson Zoology Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Institute" title="Dick Institute">Dick Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Waterston_Memorial_Centre_and_Museum" title="George Waterston Memorial Centre and Museum">George Waterston Memorial Centre and Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marischal_Museum" title="Marischal Museum">Marischal Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McManus_Galleries" class="mw-redirect" title="McManus Galleries">McManus Galleries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Religious_museums_in_Scotland" title="Category:Religious museums in Scotland">Religion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blairs_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Blairs Museum">Blairs Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunblane_Museum" title="Dunblane Museum">Dunblane Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scalan" title="Scalan">Scalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Jewish_Heritage_Centre" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish Jewish Heritage Centre">Scottish Jewish Heritage Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Mungo_Museum_of_Religious_Life_and_Art" title="St Mungo Museum of Religious Life and Art">St Mungo Museum of Religious Life and Art</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Science_museums_in_Scotland" title="Category:Science museums in Scotland">Science</a> and <a href="/wiki/Category:Industry_museums_in_Scotland" title="Category:Industry museums in Scotland">industry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Mill" title="Barry Mill">Barry Mill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mills_Observatory" title="Mills Observatory">Mills Observatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_the_University_of_St_Andrews" title="Museum of the University of St Andrews">Museum of the University of St Andrews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_on_the_Mound" title="Museum on the Mound">Museum on the Mound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Lanark" title="New Lanark">New Lanark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prestongrange_Industrial_Heritage_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Prestongrange Industrial Heritage Museum">Prestongrange Industrial Heritage Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Smail%27s_Printing_Works" title="Robert Smail's Printing Works">Robert Smail's Printing Works</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verdant_Works" title="Verdant Works">Scotland’s Jute Museum @ Verdant Works</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Summerlee_Museum_of_Scottish_Industrial_Life" title="Summerlee Museum of Scottish Industrial Life">Summerlee Museum of Scottish Industrial Life</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Sports_museums_in_Scotland" title="Category:Sports museums in Scotland">Sport</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/R%26A_World_Golf_Museum" title="R&A World Golf Museum">R&A World Golf Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Football_Museum" title="Scottish Football Museum">Scottish Football Museum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Transport_museums_in_Scotland" title="Category:Transport museums in Scotland">Transport</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dundee_Museum_of_Transport" title="Dundee Museum of Transport">Dundee Museum of Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grampian_Transport_Museum" title="Grampian Transport Museum">Grampian Transport Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Scottish_Railways" title="Museum of Scottish Railways">Museum of Scottish Railways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myreton_Motor_Museum" title="Myreton Motor Museum">Myreton Motor Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riverside_Museum" title="Riverside Museum">Riverside Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Vintage_Bus_Museum" title="Scottish Vintage Bus Museum">Scottish Vintage Bus Museum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/32px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/48px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/64px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Scotland" title="Portal:Scotland">Scotland portal</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Scottish_art" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="color:black;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Scottish_art" title="Template:Scottish art"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:black">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Scottish_art" title="Template talk:Scottish art"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:black">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Scottish_art" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Scottish art"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:black">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Scottish_art" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Scottish_art" title="Scottish art"><span style="color:black;">Scottish art</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eras</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_art_in_Scotland" title="Prehistoric art in Scotland">Prehistoric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insular_art" title="Insular art">Insular art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_in_Medieval_Scotland" title="Art in Medieval Scotland">Medieval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_in_early_modern_Scotland" title="Art in early modern Scotland">Early modern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_art_in_the_eighteenth_century" title="Scottish art in the eighteenth century">Eighteenth century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_art_in_the_nineteenth_century" title="Scottish art in the nineteenth century">Nineteenth century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_in_modern_Scotland" title="Art in modern Scotland">Modern</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Forms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_brooch" title="Celtic brooch">Celtic brooch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_genre_art" title="Scottish genre art">Genre art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landscape_painting_in_Scotland" title="Landscape painting in Scotland">Landscape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_photography" title="Scottish photography">Photography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portrait_painting_in_Scotland" title="Portrait painting in Scotland">Portraiture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sculpture_in_Scotland" title="Sculpture in Scotland">Sculpture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Movements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Renaissance_in_Scotland" title="Renaissance in Scotland">Renaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Enlightenment" title="Scottish Enlightenment">Enlightenment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanticism_in_Scotland" title="Romanticism in Scotland">Romanticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Raphaelite_Brotherhood" title="Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood">Pre-Raphaelites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arts_and_Crafts_movement" title="Arts and Crafts movement">Arts and Crafts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_art" title="Celtic art">Celtic art</a> and <a href="/wiki/Celtic_Revival" title="Celtic Revival">Celtic Revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glasgow_School" title="Glasgow School">Glasgow School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Colourists" title="Scottish Colourists">Scottish Colourists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Edinburgh_School" title="The Edinburgh School">Edinburgh School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Renaissance" title="Scottish Renaissance">Scottish Renaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Scottish_Group" title="New Scottish Group">New Scottish Group</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By place</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aberdeen_Art" class="mw-redirect" title="Aberdeen Art">Aberdeen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dundee_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Dundee art">Dundee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Edinburgh art">Edinburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glasgow_art" title="Glasgow art">Glasgow</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Galleries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aberdeen_Art_Gallery" title="Aberdeen Art Gallery">Aberdeen Art Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/An_Lanntair" title="An Lanntair">An Lanntair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burrell_Collection" title="Burrell Collection">Burrell Collection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre_for_Contemporary_Arts" title="Centre for Contemporary Arts">Centre for Contemporary Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dean_Gallery" class="mw-redirect" title="Dean Gallery">Dean Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Institute" title="Dick Institute">Dick Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dovecot_Studios" title="Dovecot Studios">Dovecot Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dundee_Contemporary_Arts" title="Dundee Contemporary Arts">Dundee Contemporary Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fruitmarket_Gallery" title="Fruitmarket Gallery">Fruitmarket Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallery_of_Modern_Art,_Glasgow" title="Gallery of Modern Art, Glasgow">Gallery of Modern Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glasgow_Print_Studio" title="Glasgow Print Studio">Glasgow Print Studio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gracefield_Arts_Centre" title="Gracefield Arts Centre">Gracefield Arts Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_for_an_Art_Lover" title="House for an Art Lover">House for an Art Lover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunterian_Museum_and_Art_Gallery" title="Hunterian Museum and Art Gallery">Hunterian Museum and Art Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inverness_Museum_and_Art_Gallery" title="Inverness Museum and Art Gallery">Inverness Museum and Art Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelvingrove_Art_Gallery_and_Museum" title="Kelvingrove Art Gallery and Museum">Kelvingrove Art Gallery and Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_McManus" title="The McManus">The McManus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Galleries_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="National Galleries Scotland">National Galleries Scotland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_National_Gallery" title="Scottish National Gallery">Scottish National Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_National_Gallery_of_Modern_Art" title="Scottish National Gallery of Modern Art">Scottish National Gallery of Modern Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_National_Portrait_Gallery" title="Scottish National Portrait Gallery">Scottish National Portrait Gallery</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">National Museum of Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paisley_Museum_and_Art_Galleries" title="Paisley Museum and Art Galleries">Paisley Museum and Art Galleries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Palace,_Glasgow" title="People's Palace, Glasgow">People's Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perth_Museum_and_Art_Gallery" class="mw-redirect" title="Perth Museum and Art Gallery">Perth Museum and Art Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pier_Arts_Centre" title="Pier Arts Centre">Pier Arts Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Gallery,_Edinburgh" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen's Gallery, Edinburgh">Queen's Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riverside_Museum" title="Riverside Museum">Riverside Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Scottish_Academy" title="Royal Scottish Academy">Royal Scottish Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Mungo_Museum_of_Religious_Life_and_Art" title="St Mungo Museum of Religious Life and Art">St Mungo Museum of Religious Life and Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stirling_Smith_Art_Gallery_and_Museum" title="Stirling Smith Art Gallery and Museum">Stirling Smith Art Gallery and Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Summerhall" title="Summerhall">Summerhall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talbot_Rice_Gallery" title="Talbot Rice Gallery">Talbot Rice Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tramway_(arts_centre)" title="Tramway (arts centre)">Tramway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transmission_Gallery" title="Transmission Gallery">Transmission Gallery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Schools and colleges</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duncan_of_Jordanstone_College_of_Art_%26_Design" title="Duncan of Jordanstone College of Art & Design">Duncan of Jordanstone College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_College_of_Art" title="Edinburgh College of Art">Edinburgh College of Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glasgow_School_of_Art" title="Glasgow School of Art">Glasgow School of Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gray%27s_School_of_Art" title="Gray's School of Art">Gray's School of Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hospitalfield_House" title="Hospitalfield House">Hospitalfield House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leith_School_of_Art" title="Leith School of Art">Leith School of Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stirling_Art_School" title="Stirling Art School">Stirling Art School</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Ladies_Art_Club" title="Edinburgh Ladies Art Club">Edinburgh Ladies Art Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glasgow_Art_Club" title="Glasgow Art Club">Glasgow Art Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glasgow_Society_of_Lady_Artists" title="Glasgow Society of Lady Artists">Glasgow Society of Lady Artists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Glasgow_Institute_of_the_Fine_Arts" title="Royal Glasgow Institute of the Fine Arts">Royal Glasgow Institute of the Fine Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Scottish_Academy" title="Royal Scottish Academy">Royal Scottish Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Scottish_Society_of_Painters_in_Watercolour" title="Royal Scottish Society of Painters in Watercolour">Royal Scottish Society of Painters in Watercolour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Artists_Union" title="Scottish Artists Union">Scottish Artists Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Scottish_Artists" title="Society of Scottish Artists">Society of Scottish Artists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_Arts_Scotland" title="Visual Arts Scotland">Visual Arts Scotland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Festivals and events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Art_Festival" title="Edinburgh Art Festival">Edinburgh Art Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe">Edinburgh Festival Fringe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Mela" title="Edinburgh Mela">Edinburgh Mela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glasgow_International" title="Glasgow International">Glasgow International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leith_Festival" title="Leith Festival">Leith Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merchant_City_Festival" title="Merchant City Festival">Merchant City Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%B2d" title="Mòd">Mòd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_National_M%C3%B2d" title="Royal National Mòd">Royal National Mòd</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_Europe" title="Art of Europe">Art of Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Art of the United Kingdom">Art of the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_art" title="English art">English art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_art" title="Irish art">Irish art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_art" title="Welsh art">Welsh art</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/32px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/48px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/64px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Scotland" title="Portal:Scotland">Scotland portal</a></b> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Scottish_artists" title="List of Scottish artists">List of Scottish artists</a> </p> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Scottish_art" title="Category:Scottish art">Category:Scottish art</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe" title="Template:Edinburgh Festival Fringe"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe" title="Template talk:Edinburgh Festival Fringe"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Edinburgh Festival Fringe"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe">Edinburgh Festival Fringe</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Key articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe">Edinburgh Festival Fringe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_Society" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe Society">Edinburgh Festival Fringe Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Promoters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><b>Big Four</b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_(events_promoter)" title="Assembly (events promoter)">Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilded_Balloon" title="Gilded Balloon">Gilded Balloon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pleasance_Theatre_Trust" title="Pleasance Theatre Trust">Pleasance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underbelly_(events_promoter)" title="Underbelly (events promoter)">Underbelly</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><b>Other Paid</b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>C venues</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenside_Venues&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greenside Venues (page does not exist)">Greenside Venues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Just_the_Tonic" title="Just the Tonic">Just the Tonic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monkey_Barrel" class="mw-redirect" title="Monkey Barrel">Monkey Barrel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paradise_Green_(events_promoter)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paradise Green (events promoter) (page does not exist)">Paradise Green</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=PQA_Venues&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PQA Venues (page does not exist)">PQA Venues</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=TheSpaceUK&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TheSpaceUK (page does not exist)">theSpaceUK</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sweet_Venues&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sweet Venues (page does not exist)">Sweet Venues</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zoo_Venues&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zoo Venues (page does not exist)">Zoo Venues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heroes_of_Fringe" class="mw-redirect" title="Heroes of Fringe">Heroes of Fringe</a> (PWYW)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><b>Free</b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Free_Fringe" title="Free Fringe">Free Fringe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laughing_Horse" title="Laughing Horse">Laughing Horse</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Venues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><b>Current</b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_Society#Premises" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe Society">Fringe Shop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appleton_Tower" title="Appleton Tower">Fringe Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Square,_Edinburgh" title="George Square, Edinburgh">Assembly George Square Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Columba%27s-by-the-Castle" title="St Columba's-by-the-Castle">St Columba's-by-the-Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Stand_Comedy_Club" title="The Stand Comedy Club">The Stand Comedy Club</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Town_Theatre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="New Town Theatre (page does not exist)">New Town Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Square_Theatre" class="mw-redirect" title="George Square Theatre">George Square Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayfield_Salisbury_Church" title="Mayfield Salisbury Church">Mayfield Salisbury Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teviot_Row_House" title="Teviot Row House">Teviot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traverse_Theatre" title="Traverse Theatre">Traverse Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apex_Hotels" title="Apex Hotels">Sweet Grassmarket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Over-Seas_League" title="Royal Over-Seas League">Royal Over-Seas League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_Rooms_(Edinburgh)" title="Assembly Rooms (Edinburgh)">Assembly Rooms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_Base" title="Dance Base">Dance Base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potterrow_Student_Centre" title="Potterrow Student Centre">Pleasance Dome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Summerhall" title="Summerhall">Summerhall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hope_Gateway" class="mw-redirect" title="John Hope Gateway">John Hope Gateway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Knox_House" title="John Knox House">John Knox House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Hall,_Edinburgh" title="King's Hall, Edinburgh">King's Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Storytelling_Centre" title="Scottish Storytelling Centre">Scottish Storytelling Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Cecilia%27s_Hall" title="St Cecilia's Hall">St Cecilia's Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cowgatehead" class="mw-redirect" title="Cowgatehead">Cowgatehead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pleasance_Courtyard" class="mw-redirect" title="Pleasance Courtyard">The Pleasance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_House" title="Adam House">Adam House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Assembly_Hall_of_the_Church_of_Scotland" title="General Assembly Hall of the Church of Scotland">Assembly Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bruntsfield_Evangelical_Church&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bruntsfield Evangelical Church (page does not exist)">Bruntsfield Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quaker_Meeting_House" class="mw-redirect" title="Quaker Meeting House">Quaker Meeting House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hill_Street_Theatre" class="mw-redirect" title="Hill Street Theatre">Hill Street Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symposium_Hall" class="mw-redirect" title="Symposium Hall">Symposium Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bedlam_Theatre" title="Bedlam Theatre">Bedlam Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surgeons%27_Hall" title="Surgeons' Hall">Surgeons' Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Playhouse" title="Edinburgh Playhouse">Edinburgh Playhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canongate_Kirk" title="Canongate Kirk">Canongate Kirk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Mary%27s_Cathedral,_Edinburgh_(Roman_Catholic)#Cafe_Camino" class="mw-redirect" title="St Mary's Cathedral, Edinburgh (Roman Catholic)">Cafe Camino</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voodoo_Rooms&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voodoo Rooms (page does not exist)">Voodoo Rooms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Hall,_Edinburgh" title="Queen's Hall, Edinburgh">Queen's Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_Theatre,_Edinburgh" title="Rose Theatre, Edinburgh">Rose Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Mary%27s_Cathedral,_Edinburgh_(Episcopal)" title="St Mary's Cathedral, Edinburgh (Episcopal)">St Mary's Episcopal Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_St_Michael_and_All_Saints,_Edinburgh" title="Church of St Michael and All Saints, Edinburgh">St Michael and All Saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southside_Community_Centre" title="Southside Community Centre">Southside Community Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Khalid_Building" title="King Khalid Building">Symposium Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Famous_Spiegeltent" class="mw-redirect" title="The Famous Spiegeltent">The Famous Spiegeltent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Vaults" title="Edinburgh Vaults">The Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wee_Red_Bar" class="mw-redirect" title="Wee Red Bar">Wee Red Bar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=St_Bride%27s_Centre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="St Bride's Centre (page does not exist)">St Bride's Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_Roxy" class="mw-redirect" title="Assembly Roxy">Assembly Roxy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><b>Previous</b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dunfermline_Abbey" title="Dunfermline Abbey">Dunfermline Abbey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gateway_Theatre_(Edinburgh)" title="Gateway Theatre (Edinburgh)">Gateway Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meadowbank_Stadium" title="Meadowbank Stadium">Meadowbank Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palladium_Theatre,_Edinburgh" title="Palladium Theatre, Edinburgh">Palladium Theatre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Performers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Theatre Companies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_People%27s_Theatre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh People's Theatre (page does not exist)">Edinburgh People's Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glasgow_Unity_Theatre" title="Glasgow Unity Theatre">Glasgow Unity Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilgrim_Players" class="mw-redirect" title="Pilgrim Players">Pilgrim Players</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Shows</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Black_Watch_(play)" title="Black Watch (play)">Black Watch</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Elvis_Dead" title="The Elvis Dead">The Elvis Dead</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fleabag" title="Fleabag">Fleabag</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Springer:_The_Opera" title="Jerry Springer: The Opera">Jerry Springer: The Opera</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nanette_(show)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanette (show)">Nanette</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Stomp_(theatrical_show)" title="Stomp (theatrical show)">Stomp</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Awards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Comedy_Awards" title="Edinburgh Comedy Awards">Edinburgh Comedy Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/So_You_Think_You%27re_Funny%3F" class="mw-redirect" title="So You Think You're Funny?">So You Think You're Funny?</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Hardee#The_Annual_Malcolm_Hardee_Awards_(2005–present)" title="Malcolm Hardee">Malcolm Hardee Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funniest_Joke_of_the_Fringe" title="Funniest Joke of the Fringe">Funniest Joke of the Fringe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Publications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/British_Comedy_Guide" title="British Comedy Guide">British Comedy Guide</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Broadway_Baby" title="Broadway Baby">Broadway Baby</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chortle" title="Chortle">Chortle</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fest_Magazine" title="Fest Magazine">Fest</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fringe_Review&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fringe Review (page does not exist)">Fringe Review</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Herald_(Glasgow)" title="The Herald (Glasgow)">The Herald</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_List_(magazine)" title="The List (magazine)">The List</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Scotsman" title="The Scotsman">The Scotsman</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Skinny_(magazine)" title="The Skinny (magazine)">The Skinny</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Stage" title="The Stage">The Stage</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/ThreeWeeks" title="ThreeWeeks">ThreeWeeks</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Wee_Review&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Wee Review (page does not exist)">The Wee Review</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Prominent figures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anthony_Alderson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anthony Alderson (page does not exist)">Anthony Alderson</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ed_Bartlam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ed Bartlam (page does not exist)">Ed Bartlam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chortle" title="Chortle">Steve Bennett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Burdett-Coutts_(promoter)" title="William Burdett-Coutts (promoter)">William Burdett-Coutts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kate_Copstick" title="Kate Copstick">Kate Copstick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Demarco" title="Richard Demarco">Richard Demarco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Kemp_(playwright)" title="Robert Kemp (playwright)">Robert Kemp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karen_Koren" class="mw-redirect" title="Karen Koren">Karen Koren</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christopher_Richardson_(theatre_founder)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christopher Richardson (theatre founder) (page does not exist)">Christopher Richardson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tommy_Sheppard_(politician)" title="Tommy Sheppard (politician)">Tommy Sheppard</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charlie_Wood_(events_promoter)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charlie Wood (events promoter) (page does not exist)">Charlie Wood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Slayer" title="Bob Slayer">Bob Slayer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Locations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Square,_Edinburgh" title="George Square, Edinburgh">George Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Town,_Edinburgh" title="New Town, Edinburgh">New Town</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Town,_Edinburgh" title="Old Town, Edinburgh">Old Town</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Mile" title="Royal Mile">Royal Mile</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fringe by year</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_1947" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 1947">1947</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_1948" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 1948">1948</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_1949&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 1949 (page does not exist)">1949</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_1950&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 1950 (page does not exist)">1950</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_1951&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 1951 (page does not exist)">1951</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_1952&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 1952 (page does not exist)">1952</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_1953&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 1953 (page does not exist)">1953</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_1954&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 1954 (page does not exist)">1954</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_1955&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 1955 (page does not exist)">1955</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_1956&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 1956 (page does not exist)">1956</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_1957&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 1957 (page does not exist)">1957</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_1958&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 1958 (page does not exist)">1958</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_1959&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 1959 (page does not exist)">1959</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_1960&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 1960 (page does not exist)">1960</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_1961&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 1961 (page does not exist)">1961</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_1962&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 1962 (page does not exist)">1962</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_1963&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 1963 (page does not exist)">1963</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_1964&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 1964 (page does not exist)">1964</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_1965&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 1965 (page does not exist)">1965</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_1966&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 1966 (page does not exist)">1966</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_1967&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 1967 (page does not exist)">1967</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_1968&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 1968 (page does not exist)">1968</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_1969&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 1969 (page does not exist)">1969</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_1970&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 1970 (page does not exist)">1970</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_1971&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 1971 (page does not exist)">1971</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_1972&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 1972 (page does not exist)">1972</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_1973&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 1973 (page does not exist)">1973</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_1974&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 1974 (page does not exist)">1974</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_1975&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 1975 (page does not exist)">1975</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_1976&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 1976 (page does not exist)">1976</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_1977&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 1977 (page does not exist)">1977</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_1978&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 1978 (page does not exist)">1978</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_1979&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 1979 (page does not exist)">1979</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_1980&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 1980 (page does not exist)">1980</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_1981&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 1981 (page does not exist)">1981</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_1982&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 1982 (page does not exist)">1982</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_1983&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 1983 (page does not exist)">1983</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_1984&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 1984 (page does not exist)">1984</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_1985&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 1985 (page does not exist)">1985</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_1986&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 1986 (page does not exist)">1986</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_1987&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 1987 (page does not exist)">1987</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_1988&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 1988 (page does not exist)">1988</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_1989&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 1989 (page does not exist)">1989</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_1990&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 1990 (page does not exist)">1990</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_1991&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 1991 (page does not exist)">1991</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_1992&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 1992 (page does not exist)">1992</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_1993&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 1993 (page does not exist)">1993</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_1994&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 1994 (page does not exist)">1994</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_1995&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 1995 (page does not exist)">1995</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_1996&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 1996 (page does not exist)">1996</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_1997&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 1997 (page does not exist)">1997</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_1998&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 1998 (page does not exist)">1998</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_1999&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 1999 (page does not exist)">1999</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_2000&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 2000 (page does not exist)">2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_2001" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 2001">2001</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_2002&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 2002 (page does not exist)">2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_2003" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 2003">2003</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_2004&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 2004 (page does not exist)">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_2005&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 2005 (page does not exist)">2005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_2006" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 2006">2006</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_2007&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 2007 (page does not exist)">2007</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_2008&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 2008 (page does not exist)">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_2009&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 2009 (page does not exist)">2009</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_2010&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 2010 (page does not exist)">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_2011&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 2011 (page does not exist)">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_2012&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 2012 (page does not exist)">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_2013&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 2013 (page does not exist)">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_2014&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 2014 (page does not exist)">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_2015&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 2015 (page does not exist)">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_2016&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 2016 (page does not exist)">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_2017&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 2017 (page does not exist)">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_2018&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 2018 (page does not exist)">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_2019&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 2019 (page does not exist)">2019</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" 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