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terminivõistlus\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E!\u003C/small\u003E\u003C/span\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E";}}());</script></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sait"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Sisukord" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Sisukord</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">vii külgpaanile</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">peida</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Algus</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Tähe_sünd" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tähe_sünd"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Tähe sünd</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Tähe_sünd-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Lülita ümber alaosa "Tähe sünd"</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Tähe_sünd-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Prototäht" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prototäht"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Prototäht</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prototäht-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pruunid_kääbused_ja_substellaarsed_kehad" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pruunid_kääbused_ja_substellaarsed_kehad"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Pruunid kääbused ja substellaarsed kehad</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pruunid_kääbused_ja_substellaarsed_kehad-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Peajada" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Peajada"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Peajada</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Peajada-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vanemad_tähed" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vanemad_tähed"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Vanemad tähed</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Vanemad_tähed-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Lülita ümber alaosa "Vanemad tähed"</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Vanemad_tähed-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Madala_massiga_tähed" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Madala_massiga_tähed"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Madala massiga tähed</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Madala_massiga_tähed-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Keskmise_suurusega_tähed" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Keskmise_suurusega_tähed"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Keskmise suurusega tähed</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Keskmise_suurusega_tähed-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alamhiiu_faas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alamhiiu_faas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Alamhiiu faas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alamhiiu_faas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Asümptootilise_hiiu_haru_faas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asümptootilise_hiiu_haru_faas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Asümptootilise hiiu haru faas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asümptootilise_hiiu_haru_faas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pärast_AHH_(asümptootilise_hiiu_haru)_faasi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pärast_AHH_(asümptootilise_hiiu_haru)_faasi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Pärast AHH (asümptootilise hiiu haru) faasi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pärast_AHH_(asümptootilise_hiiu_haru)_faasi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vaata_ka" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vaata_ka"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Vaata ka</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vaata_ka-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Viited" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Viited"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Viited</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Viited-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sisukord" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Lülita sisukord ümber" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Lülita sisukord ümber</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Täheareng</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Mine teises keeles artiklisse. Saadaval 56 keeles" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-56" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">56 keelt</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sterevolusie" title="Sterevolusie – afrikaani" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Sterevolusie" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%85" title="تطور النجوم – araabia" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تطور النجوم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="araabia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evoluci%C3%B3n_estelar" title="Evolución estelar – aragoni" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Evolución estelar" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragoni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evoluci%C3%B3n_estelar" title="Evolución estelar – astuuria" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Evolución estelar" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="astuuria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolusi_bintang" title="Evolusi bintang – indoneesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Evolusi bintang" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indoneesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolusi_najam" title="Evolusi najam – malai" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Evolusi najam" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%A8" title="তারার বিবর্তন – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="তারার বিবর্তন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Эвалюцыя зорак – valgevene" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Эвалюцыя зорак" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="valgevene" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zvjezdana_evolucija" title="Zvjezdana evolucija – bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Zvjezdana evolucija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Звездна еволюция – bulgaaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Звездна еволюция" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgaaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evoluci%C3%B3_estel%C2%B7lar" title="Evolució estel·lar – katalaani" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Evolució estel·lar" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87%C4%83%D0%BB%D1%82%C4%83%D1%80_%D1%8D%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B9%C4%95" title="Çăлтăр эволюцийĕ – tšuvaši" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Çăлтăр эволюцийĕ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tšuvaši" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%BDvoj_hv%C4%9Bzd" title="Vývoj hvězd – tšehhi" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Vývoj hvězd" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tšehhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stjerner_fra_f%C3%B8dsel_til_genf%C3%B8dsel" title="Stjerner fra fødsel til genfødsel – taani" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Stjerner fra fødsel til genfødsel" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="taani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%83%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B5%CE%BE%CE%AD%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BE%CE%B7" title="Αστρική εξέλιξη – kreeka" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αστρική εξέλιξη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="kreeka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stellar_evolution" title="Stellar evolution – inglise" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Stellar evolution" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglise" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evoluci%C3%B3n_estelar" title="Evolución estelar – hispaania" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Evolución estelar" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="hispaania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stela_evoluo" title="Stela evoluo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Stela evoluo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izar_eboluzio" title="Izar eboluzio – baski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Izar eboluzio" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84_%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86" title="تکامل ستارگان – pärsia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تکامل ستارگان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="pärsia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89volution_stellaire" title="Évolution stellaire – prantsuse" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Évolution stellaire" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="prantsuse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89abhl%C3%B3id_r%C3%A9altach" title="Éabhlóid réaltach – iiri" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Éabhlóid réaltach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="iiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evoluci%C3%B3n_estelar" title="Evolución estelar – galeegi" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Evolución estelar" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galeegi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%95%AD%EC%84%B1%EC%A7%84%ED%99%94" title="항성진화 – korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="항성진화" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%82_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8" title="तारों का विकास – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="तारों का विकास" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evoluzione_stellare" title="Evoluzione stellare – itaalia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Evoluzione stellare" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="itaalia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%97%D7%96%D7%95%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%97%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%91" title="מחזור החיים של כוכב – heebrea" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מחזור החיים של כוכב" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="heebrea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A1%E1%83%99%E1%83%95%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%94%E1%83%95%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ვარსკვლავური ევოლუცია – gruusia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ვარსკვლავური ევოლუცია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDvaig%C5%BEd%C5%BEi%C5%B3_evoliucija" title="Žvaigždžių evoliucija – leedu" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Žvaigždžių evoliucija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="leedu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Csillagfejl%C5%91d%C3%A9s" title="Csillagfejlődés – ungari" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Csillagfejlődés" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="eeskujulik artikkel"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%85%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%98" title="Ѕвезден развој – makedoonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Ѕвезден развој" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedoonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80" title="तारकीय उत्क्रांती – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="तारकीय उत्क्रांती" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%BC%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B7%E1%81%8F_%E1%80%86%E1%80%84%E1%80%B7%E1%80%BA%E1%80%80%E1%80%B2%E1%80%95%E1%80%BC%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B2%E1%80%99%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AF" title="ကြယ်တို့၏ ဆင့်ကဲပြောင်းလဲမှု – birma" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကြယ်တို့၏ ဆင့်ကဲပြောင်းလဲမှု" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birma" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sterevolutie" title="Sterevolutie – hollandi" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Sterevolutie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="hollandi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%81%92%E6%98%9F%E9%80%B2%E5%8C%96%E8%AB%96" title="恒星進化論 – jaapani" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="恒星進化論" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="jaapani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stjerneutvikling" title="Stjerneutvikling – norra bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Stjerneutvikling" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norra bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%A8%E0%AC%95%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B7%E0%AC%A4%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%B0_%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A4%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A4%E0%AC%A8_%E0%AC%AA%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%95%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%BF%E0%AD%9F%E0%AC%BE" title="ନକ୍ଷତ୍ରର ବିବର୍ତ୍ତନ ପ୍ରକ୍ରିୟା – oria" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ନକ୍ଷତ୍ରର ବିବର୍ତ୍ତନ ପ୍ରକ୍ରିୟା" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="oria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yulduz_evolutsiyasi" title="Yulduz evolutsiyasi – usbeki" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Yulduz evolutsiyasi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbeki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ewolucja_gwiazd" title="Ewolucja gwiazd – poola" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ewolucja gwiazd" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poola" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolu%C3%A7%C3%A3o_estelar" title="Evolução estelar – portugali" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Evolução estelar" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolu%C8%9Bia_stelelor" title="Evoluția stelelor – rumeenia" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Evoluția stelelor" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumeenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="eeskujulik artikkel"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B7%D0%B2%D1%91%D0%B7%D0%B4" title="Эволюция звёзд – vene" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Эволюция звёзд" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="vene" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evoluimi_i_Yjeve" title="Evoluimi i Yjeve – albaania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Evoluimi i Yjeve" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stellar_evolution" title="Stellar evolution – lihtsustatud inglise" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Stellar evolution" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="lihtsustatud inglise" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%BDvoj_hviezdy" title="Vývoj hviezdy – slovaki" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Vývoj hviezdy" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zvezdana_evolucija" title="Zvezdana evolucija – serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Zvezdana evolucija" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A4hden_kehitys" title="Tähden kehitys – soome" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tähden kehitys" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="soome" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF" title="விண்மீன் படிமலர்ச்சி – tamili" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="விண்மீன் படிமலர்ச்சி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%92%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B9%8C" title="วิวัฒนาการของดาวฤกษ์ – tai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="วิวัฒนาการของดาวฤกษ์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFn_h%C3%B3a_sao" title="Tiến hóa sao – vietnami" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tiến hóa sao" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y%C4%B1ld%C4%B1z_evrimi" title="Yıldız evrimi – türgi" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Yıldız evrimi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="türgi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%80" title="Еволюція зір – ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Еволюція зір" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebolusyon_han_bituon" title="Ebolusyon han bituon – varai" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Ebolusyon han bituon" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="varai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%81%92%E6%98%9F%E6%BC%94%E5%8C%96" title="恒星演化 – uu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="恒星演化" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="uu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%81%86%E6%98%9F%E6%BC%94%E5%8C%96" title="恆星演化 – kantoni" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="恆星演化" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantoni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%81%86%E6%98%9F%E6%BC%94%E5%8C%96" title="恆星演化 – hiina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="恆星演化" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="hiina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q6472#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Muuda keelelinke" class="wbc-editpage">Muuda linke</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Nimeruumid"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="et" dir="ltr"><div class="nomobile"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6739384">.mw-parser-output th.mbox-text,.mw-parser-output td.mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.9em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output td.mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output td.mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output td.mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output table.ambox{margin:0 10%;border:1px solid #aaa;border-left:10px solid #1e90ff;background:#fbfbfb}.mw-parser-output table.ambox~table.ambox:not(.mbox-small-left){margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox th.mbox-text,.mw-parser-output .ambox td.mbox-text{padding:0.25em 0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ambox td.mbox-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ambox td.mbox-imageright{padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0}.mw-parser-output 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role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Edit-copy_orange_button.svg/35px-Edit-copy_orange_button.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Edit-copy_orange_button.svg/53px-Edit-copy_orange_button.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Edit-copy_orange_button.svg/70px-Edit-copy_orange_button.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="43" /></span></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><b>See artikkel</b> <b>vajab <a href="/wiki/Vikipeedia:Artiklite_toimetamine" title="Vikipeedia:Artiklite toimetamine">toimetamist</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"></span> <small><i>(Juuli 2012)</i></small><span class="hide-when-compact"> <br /><small>Palun aita <a class="external text" href="https://et.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=T%C3%A4heareng&action=edit">artiklit toimetada</a>.</small> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Juhend:Toimetusm%C3%A4rkuste_eemaldamine" title="Juhend:Toimetusmärkuste eemaldamine">Kuidas ja millal see märkus eemaldada?</a>)</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Representative_lifetimes_of_stars_as_a_function_of_their_masses.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Representative_lifetimes_of_stars_as_a_function_of_their_masses.svg/220px-Representative_lifetimes_of_stars_as_a_function_of_their_masses.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Representative_lifetimes_of_stars_as_a_function_of_their_masses.svg/330px-Representative_lifetimes_of_stars_as_a_function_of_their_masses.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Representative_lifetimes_of_stars_as_a_function_of_their_masses.svg/440px-Representative_lifetimes_of_stars_as_a_function_of_their_masses.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="682" data-file-height="299" /></a><figcaption>Näiteid tähtede eluea sõltuvusest massiga</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Täheareng</b> (ka <b>täheevolutsioon</b>) on protsess, mille käigus <a href="/wiki/Protot%C3%A4ht" title="Prototäht">prototähest</a> tekib sobivate asjaolude kokkulangemisel <a href="/wiki/T%C3%A4ht_(astronoomia)" title="Täht (astronoomia)">täht</a>. </p><p>Tähe eluiga sõltub selle massist ja ulatub mõnest miljonist aastast (kõige massiivsemad tähed) triljonite aastateni (kõige väiksema massiga tähed), mis on märkimisväärselt pikem aeg kui universumi vanus. Kõrvalolevas tabelis on näha tähtede eluea ja nende massi seos.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kõik tähed sünnivad gaasi- ja tolmupilvede (teisisõnu udukogude või molekulaarpilvede) kollapsi (kokkuvarisemise) tagajärjel. Miljonite aastate jooksul need kollapsist moodustunud prototähed saavutavad tasakaaluoleku ja saavad <a href="/wiki/Peajada_t%C3%A4ht" class="mw-redirect" title="Peajada täht">peajada tähtedeks</a>. </p><p>Tuumasünteesist (ka termotuumasüntees) ammutab täht energiat enamuse aja oma elust. Algselt toodetakse energiat vesinikuaatomite liitumisel peajada tähtede tuumas. Hiljem, kui tuumas saavutavad ülekaalu heeliumiaatomid, hakkavad tähed nagu Päike liitma vesinikku tuuma ümbritsevas kerakujulises kestas. See protsess põhjustab tähe järkjärgulise suurenemise, viies tähe eel-hiiu faasist punase hiiu faasini. Vähemalt poole Päikse massiga tähed suudavad tuumas hakata energiat tootma ka heeliumi aatomite liitmisel, samas kui massiivsemad tähed liidavad ka raskemaid elemente kontsentriliste kihtide seeriates. Ühel hetkel, kui täht nagu Päike on oma tuumakütuse varud ammendanud, siis tähe sisemus kukub kokku tihedaks valgeks kääbuseks ja tähe välimised kihid purskuvad välja planetaarse nebulana. Tähed, mille kaal on 10 või rohkem korda Päikse massist suurem, võivad plahvatada supernoovadena, kui nende inertsed raua tuumad varisevad kokku ülitihedaks neutrontäheks või mustaks auguks. Kuigi universum ei ole piisavalt vana, et praegustest punastest kääbustest oleks mõni oma elu lõppu jõudnud, siis tähemudelid ennustavad, et oma elu lõpus muutuvad punased kääbused aegamisi üha eredamaks ja kuumemaks, kuni viimaks lõpeb otsa nende vesinikkütus ja neist saavad väikese massiga valged kääbused.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Täheevolutsiooni ei uurita ainult ühe tähe evolutsioneerumist vaadeldes, sest enamus muutusi tähtedes toimuvad märkamiseks liiga aeglaselt, sajandite vältel. Seetõttu kirjeldavad astrofüüsikud tähtede evolutsiooni mitmete eri elufaasis olevate tähtede vaatluse põhjal ning tähestruktuure simuleerivate arvutimudelite abil. </p><p>2015. aasta juunis tõendasid astronoomid Populatsioon III tähtede leiu <b><i>z</i>= 6,60'</b>l Cosmos Redshift 7 galaktikas. Sellised tähed eksisteerisid tõenäoliselt väga varajases universumis (st kõrgpunanihke ajal) ja võisid alustada vesinikust raskemate keemiliste elementide tootmist, mis oli vajalik hilisemate planeetide ja elu tekke jaoks sellisena, nagu me neid teame.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tähe_sünd"><span id="T.C3.A4he_s.C3.BCnd"></span>Tähe sünd</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=T%C3%A4heareng&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Muuda alaosa "Tähe sünd"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=T%C3%A4heareng&action=edit&section=1" title="Muuda alaosa "Tähe sünd" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prototäht"><span id="Protot.C3.A4ht"></span>Prototäht</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=T%C3%A4heareng&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Muuda alaosa "Prototäht"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=T%C3%A4heareng&action=edit&section=2" title="Muuda alaosa "Prototäht" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Täheevolutsioon algab hiiglasliku molekulaarpilve <a href="/wiki/Gravitatsiooniline_kollaps" title="Gravitatsiooniline kollaps">gravitatsioonilise kollapsiga</a>. Tüüpilised hiid molekulaarpilved laiuvad umbes 100 valgusaasta (9,5 × <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 10^{14}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>14</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 10^{14}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ed55f6c96253a8003902a288bcef892c439883c0" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:4.201ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 10^{14}}"></span> km ) suurusel alal ja võivad kaaluda kuni 6 000 000 Päikese massi (1,2×10<sup>37</sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kilogram&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kilogram (pole veel kirjutatud)">kg</a>). Kokku varisedes jaotub molekulaarpilv üha väiksemateks ja väiksemateks osakesteks. Igas fragmendis vabastab kokkuvarisev gaas gravitatsioonilise potentsiaalse energia soojusena. Kui osakese temperatuur ja rõhk tõusevad, siis osake <a href="/wiki/Kondensatsioon" title="Kondensatsioon">kondenseerub</a> (st tiheneb) pöörlevaks ülikuuma gaasiga ringiks, mida tuntakse <a href="/wiki/Protot%C3%A4ht" title="Prototäht">prototähena.</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tolmu ja gaasi paisumisel molekulaarpilves jätkab prototäht kasvamist ja temast saab eel-peajada täht, kuni ta saavutab oma lõpliku massi. Edasise arengu määrab tema mass. (Tähe mass väljendab selle suhet Päikse massi: 1,0 <i>M</i><sub>☉</sub> (2,0×10<sup>30</sup> kg) tähendab ühe Päikese massi.) </p><p>Prototähed hõlmavad tolmu ja on seetõttu kergesti nähtavad infrapuna lainepikkustel. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wide-field_Infrared_Survey_Explorer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (pole veel kirjutatud)">Wide-field Infrared Survey Exploreriga</a> (WISE) tehtud vaatlused mängivad mitmete Galaktika prototähtede ja nende eellastähekogude avastamises olulist rolli.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tähed tekivad prototähtede kuumenemise tagajärjel, kui nende <a href="/wiki/Gravitatsiooniline_kollaps" title="Gravitatsiooniline kollaps">gravitatsioonilist kollapsit</a> hakkab pidurdama <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kiirgusr%C3%B5hk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kiirgusrõhk (pole veel kirjutatud)">kiirgusrõhu</a> suurenemine<sup id="cite_ref-Astronoomialeksikon_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Astronoomialeksikon-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. On teada, et kui prototähe mass on ülisuur (s.o ületab <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A4ike" title="Päike">Päikese</a> massi u 100 korda), siis ta enne täheks kujunemist laguneb<sup id="cite_ref-Astronoomialeksikon_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Astronoomialeksikon-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Kui prototähe mass on aga väiksem kui 0,075 Päikese massi, siis kujuneb temast tähe asemel <a href="/wiki/Planeet" title="Planeet">planeet</a><sup id="cite_ref-Astronoomialeksikon_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Astronoomialeksikon-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pruunid_kääbused_ja_substellaarsed_kehad"><span id="Pruunid_k.C3.A4.C3.A4bused_ja_substellaarsed_kehad"></span>Pruunid kääbused ja substellaarsed kehad</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=T%C3%A4heareng&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Muuda alaosa "Pruunid kääbused ja substellaarsed kehad"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=T%C3%A4heareng&action=edit&section=3" title="Muuda alaosa "Pruunid kääbused ja substellaarsed kehad" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Prototähed, mille mass on umbes 0,08 <i>M</i><sub>☉</sub> (1,6×10<sup>29</sup> kg) ei saavuta kunagi piisavalt kõrgeid temperatuure, et vesiniku <a href="/wiki/Tuumas%C3%BCntees" title="Tuumasüntees">tuumasüntees</a> võiks alata. Neid tähti tuntakse pruunide kääbustena. <a href="/wiki/Rahvusvaheline_Astronoomia%C3%BChing" class="mw-redirect" title="Rahvusvaheline Astronoomiaühing">Rahvusvaheline Astronoomia Ühing</a> defineerib pruune kääbuseid kui piisavalt suure massiga tähti, mis suudavad ühel hetkel oma eluea jooksul sünteesida deuteeriumi (13 Jupiteri massiga (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jupiter_mass&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jupiter mass (pole veel kirjutatud)"><i>M</i><sub>J</sub></a>), 2,5 × 10<sup>28</sup> kg või 0,0125 <i>M</i><sub>☉</sub>). Objektid, mis on väiksemad kui 13 <i>M</i><sub>J</sub>, klassifitseeruvad alampruunideks <a href="/wiki/Pruunid_k%C3%A4%C3%A4bused" class="mw-redirect" title="Pruunid kääbused">kääbusteks</a> (juhul kui nad tiirlevad mõne teise astraalkeha ümber, siis liigitatakse nad planeetideks).<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mõlemad tähetüübid, nii deuteeriumit põletavad kui ka mittepõletavad, säravad tuhmunult ja kustuvad aeglaselt ning jahtuvad järk-järgult rohkem kui sadade miljonite aastate jooksul. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Peajada">Peajada</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=T%C3%A4heareng&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Muuda alaosa "Peajada"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=T%C3%A4heareng&action=edit&section=4" title="Muuda alaosa "Peajada" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Massiivsemate prototähtede tuuma temperatuur jõuab viimaks 10 miljoni <a href="/wiki/Kelvini_skaala" class="mw-redirect" title="Kelvini skaala">kelvinini</a>, käivitades prooton-prootoni <a href="/wiki/Ahelreaktsioon_(keemia)" title="Ahelreaktsioon (keemia)">ahelreaktsiooni</a>, mis lubab <a href="/wiki/Vesinik" title="Vesinik">vesiniku</a> aatomitel ühinema hakata, esmalt deuteeriumiks ja seejärel heeliumi aatomiteks. Tähtedes, mille mass on veidi üle 1 <i>M</i><sub>☉</sub> (2,0×10<sup>30</sup> kg) annab süsiniku-lämmastiku-hapniku ühinemine (CNO tsükkel) suurema osa toodetavast energiast. <a href="/wiki/Tuumas%C3%BCntees" title="Tuumasüntees">Tuumasünteesi</a> algus viib kiiresti <a href="/wiki/H%C3%BCdrostaatika" title="Hüdrostaatika">hüdrostaatilise</a> tasakaaluni, kus tuumast vabanenud energia jääb kõrgerõhuliseks gaasiks, mis tasakaalustab tähe mateeria massi ja hoiab ära edasise <a href="/wiki/Gravitatsiooniline_kollaps" title="Gravitatsiooniline kollaps">gravitatsioonilise kollapsi</a>. Täht jõuab seega kiiresti stabiilsesse olekusse ja alustab oma evolutsiooni <a href="/wiki/Peajada" title="Peajada">peajada</a> faasi. </p><p>Uus täht püsib kindlas kohas <a href="/wiki/Hertzsprungi-Russelli_diagramm" title="Hertzsprungi-Russelli diagramm">Hertzsprungi-Russelli diagrammi</a> peajadal, kus peajada spektrumi tüüp oleneb tähe massist. Väikesed, üpris külmad, väikese massiga punased kääbused põletavad vesiniku läbi aeglaselt ja püsivad peajadal sadu triljoneid aastaid või isegi kauem. Samal ajal suuremad, kuumad O-tüüpi tähed lahkuvad peajadalt vaid mõne miljoni aastaga. Keskmise suurusega kollane kääbustäht, nagu Päike, jääb peajadale 10 triljoniks aastaks. Arvatakse, et praegu on Päike oma peajada eluea keskele jõudnud. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vanemad_tähed"><span id="Vanemad_t.C3.A4hed"></span>Vanemad tähed</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=T%C3%A4heareng&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Muuda alaosa "Vanemad tähed"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=T%C3%A4heareng&action=edit&section=5" title="Muuda alaosa "Vanemad tähed" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mõne aja pärast saavad tähe heeliumivarud otsa ja hakkab toimuma peajadast eemalekaldumine. Ilma vesinikutuumade ühinemisel tekkiva välja suunatud jõuta langeb tuum kokku kuni <a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektronide_k%C3%B5dumisr%C3%B5hk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elektronide kõdumisrõhk (pole veel kirjutatud)">elektronide kõdumisrõhk</a> muutub piisavaks, et gravitatsioonile vastu seista, või muutub tuum piisavalt kuumaks, et hakkaks toimuma <a href="/w/index.php?title=Heeliumituumade_%C3%BChinemine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heeliumituumade ühinemine (pole veel kirjutatud)">heeliumituumade ühinemine</a>. Kumb juhtub enne sõltub tähe massist. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Madala_massiga_tähed"><span id="Madala_massiga_t.C3.A4hed"></span>Madala massiga tähed</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=T%C3%A4heareng&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Muuda alaosa "Madala massiga tähed"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=T%C3%A4heareng&action=edit&section=6" title="Muuda alaosa "Madala massiga tähed" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mis juhtub pärast seda, kui madala massiga täht lõpetab tuumasünteesi läbi energia tootmise, ei ole otseselt vaadeldud. Universum on umbes 13,8 miljardit aastat vana, mille jooksul ei ole sellistes tähtedes veel tuumasüntees lõppenud. </p><p>Hiliseimad astrofüüsika mudelid näitavad, et punased kääbused massiga 0,1<i>M</i><sub>☉</sub> võivad jääda peajadasse kuueks kuni kaheteistkümneks triljoniks aastaks, kasvades ajapikku temperatuurilt ja ereduselt ning seejärel langevad sadade miljardite aastate jooksul aeglaselt kokku valgeks kääbuseks.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sellistest tähtedest ei saa punased hiiud kuna nad on täielikult konvektiivsed ja neis ei teki kunagi heeliumist tuuma, mille ümber põletataks vesinikku. Selle asemel jätkub vesinikutuumade ühinemine kuni peaaegu kogu täht koosneb heeliumist. </p><p>Veidi suuremad tähed laienevad küll punasteks hiidudeks, aga nende heeliumtuumad ei ole kunagi piisavalt massiivsed, et neis saaks toimuda heeliumituumade ühinemine, seega ei jõua nad kunagi HR-diagrammil punaste hiidude haru haripunkti. Kui vesinikkihi põlemine lõpeb liiguvad need tähed punaste hiidude harult ära ja neist saavad, nagu AHH faasi järgsetest tähtedest, valged kääbused. Tähed, mille mass on umbes pool Päikese omast, jõuavad piisavalt kõrge temperatuurini, et nende tuumades toimuks heeliumituumade ühinemine. Need keskmise suurusega tähed arenevad punase hiiu harust veelgi edasi.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Keskmise_suurusega_tähed"><span id="Keskmise_suurusega_t.C3.A4hed"></span>Keskmise suurusega tähed</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=T%C3%A4heareng&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Muuda alaosa "Keskmise suurusega tähed"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=T%C3%A4heareng&action=edit&section=7" title="Muuda alaosa "Keskmise suurusega tähed" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tähtedest mille mass on 0,5-10<i>M</i><sub>☉</sub> saavad punased hiiud, mis on suured mitte-peajada tähed klassifikatsiooniga K või M. Punased hiiud asuvad HR-diagrammi paremal äärel oma punase värvi ja suure ereduse tõttu. Sellised tähed on näiteks Aldebaran Sõnni tähtkujus ja Arcturus Karjase tähtkujus. </p><p>Keskmise suurusega tähed on punaste hiidude kaks faasi nende peajada-järgses arengus: punase hiiu haru tähed, mille mitteaktiivsed tuumad on heeliumist ja asümptootilise hiiu haru tähed, mille mitteaktiivsed tuumad on süsinikust. Asümptootilise hiiu haru tähtede vesinikku põlevate kihtide sees on heeliumi põletavad kihid, kuid punase hiiu haru tähtedel on ainult vesinikku põletavad kihid.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nende faaside vahel on tähed veidi aega horisontaalsel harul ning nende tuumades toimub heeliumituumade ühinemine. Paljud sellised tähed kogunevad horisontaalse haru jahedama temperatuuriga tähtede otsa K-tüüpi hiidudena. Neid nimetatakse punase tombu hiidudeks. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alamhiiu_faas">Alamhiiu faas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=T%C3%A4heareng&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Muuda alaosa "Alamhiiu faas"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=T%C3%A4heareng&action=edit&section=8" title="Muuda alaosa "Alamhiiu faas" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kui täht kasutab ära kogu oma tuumas leiduva vesiniku pole ta enam peajadas ning toimuma hakkab tuumaväline vesinikutuumade ühinemine kihis tuuma ümber. Tuuma mass suureneb, mida enam tekib tuumasünteesi teel heeliumi. Sõltuvalt heeliumist tuuma massist jätkub see mõnest miljonist kuni mitme miljardi aastani, mille jooksul täht laieneb ja jahtub, olles enam-vähem sama ere kui oma peajada olekus. Lõpuks mandub Päikese massiga tähtede tuum, või jahtuvad veidi massiivsemate tähtede pealmised kihid ning muutuvad läbipaistmatuks. Mõlemad neist muutustest põhjustavad vesinikukihi temperatuuri ja tähe ereduse tõusu. Seega liigub täht punase hiiu harule. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Asümptootilise_hiiu_haru_faas"><span id="As.C3.BCmptootilise_hiiu_haru_faas"></span>Asümptootilise hiiu haru faas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=T%C3%A4heareng&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Muuda alaosa "Asümptootilise hiiu haru faas"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=T%C3%A4heareng&action=edit&section=9" title="Muuda alaosa "Asümptootilise hiiu haru faas" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pärast tuumas leiduva heeliumi kasutamist jätkub vesiniku ja heeliumi tuumade ühinemine kihiti kuuma hapnikust ja süsinikust tuuma ümber. Täht järgib asümptootiliste hiidude haru Hertzsprungi-Russelli diagrammil, olles arengult sarnane punase hiiuga, kuid suurema ja tihedama energia vabanemisega.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kuigi ka heelium põleb tähe kihtides, leiab enamik energia vabanemisest aset tuumast kaugemal vesiniku põlemise läbi. Nendes kihtides leiduv heelium vajub tuumale lähemale ning tähe heeliumikihist vabaneva energia hulk suureneb perioodiliselt. Seda protsessi tuntakse termilise impulsi nime all ning see ilmneb enamasti asümptootilise hiiu faasi lõpus või isegi aümptootilise hiiu järgses faasis. Sõltuvalt tähe massist ja koostisest võib termilisi impulsse olla sadu. </p><p>Asümptootiliste hiidude haru tõusul on faas, mil tähtedel tekib sügav konvektiivne tsoon, mis võib tuua tähe pinnale süsinikku. Seda tuntakse teise süsiniku kerkimisena ning mõnel tähel võib esineda isegi kolmas. Sedasi moodustuvad väga jahedad tugevalt punakad selgete süsinikujoontega tähed, süsiniktähed. Protsess, mida tuntakse põhjapõlemisena, võib aga muuta süsiniku enne selle pinnale jõudmist hapnikuks ja lämmastikuks. Nende protsesside tugevused tähes mõjutavadki teatud tähekobarate eredust ja spektreid.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Teine tuntud klass asümptootilise hiiu haru tähti on Mira muutujad, mis pulseerivad perioodiliselt kümnete või isegi sadade päevade tagant ning kuni kümnemagnituudiste amplituudierinevustega. Suuremad tähed muutuvad eredamaks ning pulseerimisperiood on pikem, mis aga viib suurema massikaotuseni, miska tähed muutuvad nähtavatel lainepikkustel hägusteks. Need tähed ilmnevad OH/IR tähtedena, pulseerides infrapunaspektris ja olles OH <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maser" class="extiw" title="en:Maser">maser</a> aktiivsed. Need tähed on vastupidi süsiniktähtedele selgelt hapnikurikkad, aga mõlemad tekivad süsiniku kerkimise teel. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pärast_AHH_(asümptootilise_hiiu_haru)_faasi"><span id="P.C3.A4rast_AHH_.28as.C3.BCmptootilise_hiiu_haru.29_faasi"></span>Pärast AHH (asümptootilise hiiu haru) faasi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=T%C3%A4heareng&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Muuda alaosa "Pärast AHH (asümptootilise hiiu haru) faasi"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=T%C3%A4heareng&action=edit&section=10" title="Muuda alaosa "Pärast AHH (asümptootilise hiiu haru) faasi" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Need keskklassi tähed jõuavad asümptootilise haru tippu ning kulutavad ära kogu kesta põletamiseks. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vaata_ka">Vaata ka</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=T%C3%A4heareng&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Muuda alaosa "Vaata ka"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=T%C3%A4heareng&action=edit&section=11" title="Muuda alaosa "Vaata ka" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supernoova" title="Supernoova">Supernoova</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Viited">Viited</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=T%C3%A4heareng&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Muuda alaosa "Viited"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=T%C3%A4heareng&action=edit&section=12" title="Muuda alaosa "Viited" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carlos_Bertulani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carlos Bertulani (pole veel kirjutatud)">Bertulani, Carlos A.</a> (2013). <i>Nuclei in the Cosmos</i>. World Scientific. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6066747">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><a href="/wiki/Rahvusvaheline_raamatu_standardnumber" title="Rahvusvaheline raamatu standardnumber">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Eri:Raamatuotsimine/978-981-4417-66-2" title="Eri:Raamatuotsimine/978-981-4417-66-2">978-981-4417-66-2</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Laughlin, Gregory; Bodenheimer, Peter; Adams, Fred C. (1997). "The End of the Main Sequence". The Astrophysical Journal. 482: 420–432. Bibcode:1997ApJ...482..420L. doi:10.1086/304125.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sobral, David; Matthee, Jorryt; Darvish, Behnam; Schaerer, Daniel; Mobasher, Bahram; Röttgering, Huub J. A.; Santos, Sérgio; Hemmati, Shoubaneh (4 June 2015). "Evidence For POPIII-Like Stellar Populations In The Most Luminous LYMAN-α Emitters At The Epoch Of Re-Ionisation: Spectroscopic Confirmation". The Astrophysical Journal. 808 (2): 139. arXiv:1504.01734Freely accessible. Bibcode:2015ApJ...808..139S. doi:10.1088/0004-637x/808/2/139.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> Overbye, Dennis (17 June 2015). "Astronomers Report Finding Earliest Stars That Enriched Cosmos". New York Times. Retrieved 17 June 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stellar_evolution&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stellar evolution (pole veel kirjutatud)">Prialnik (2000</a>, Chapter 10)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wise.ssl.berkeley.edu/">"Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer Mission"</a>. NASA.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Majaess, D. (2013). <a href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013Ap%26SS.344..175M/abstract" class="extiw" title="bibcode:2013Ap&SS.344..175M"><i>Discovering protostars and their host clusters via WISE</i></a>, ApSS, 344, 1 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vizier.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/VizieR?-source=J%2Fother%2FApSS%2F344%2E175"><i>VizieR catalog</i></a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Astronoomialeksikon-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Astronoomialeksikon_8-0">8,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Astronoomialeksikon_8-1">8,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Astronoomialeksikon_8-2">8,2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">H. Eelsalu, 1996. Astronoomialeksikon. Eesti Entsüklopeediakirjastus. 200 lk.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120204173630/http://www.dtm.ciw.edu/boss/definition.html">"Working Group on Extrasolar Planets: Definition of a "Planet""</a>. <i>IAU position statement</i>. 2003-02-28. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dtm.ciw.edu/boss/definition.html">the original</a> on February 4, 2012. Retrieved 2012-05-30.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">"Why the Smallest Stars Stay Small". <i>Sky & Telescope</i> (22). November 1997.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Adams, F. C.; P. Bodenheimer; G. Laughlin (2005). "M dwarfs: planet formation and long term evolution". <i>Astronomische Nachrichten</i>. <b>326</b> (10): 913–919. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005AN....326..913A/abstract" class="extiw" title="bibcode:2005AN....326..913A">2005AN....326..913A</a>.<a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a href="//doi.org/10.1002/asna.200510440" class="extiw" title="doi:10.1002/asna.200510440">10.1002/asna.200510440</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stellar_evolution&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stellar evolution (pole veel kirjutatud)">Ryan & Norton (2010)</a>, p. 114</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hansen, Carl J.; Kawaler, Steven D.; Trimble, Virginia (2004). Stellar interiors: physical principles, structure, and evolution (2nd ed.). Springer-Verlag. <a href="/wiki/Eri:Raamatuotsimine/0387200894" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-387-20089-4</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sackmann, I. -J.; Boothroyd, A. I.; Kraemer, K. E. (1993). "Our Sun. III. Present and Future". <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>. <b>418</b>: 457. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1993ApJ...418..457S/abstract" class="extiw" title="bibcode:1993ApJ...418..457S">1993ApJ...418..457S</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a href="//doi.org/10.1086/173407" class="extiw" title="doi:10.1086/173407">10.1086/173407</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">van Loon; Zijlstra; Whitelock; Peter te Lintel Hekkert; Chapman; Cecile Loup; Groenewegen; Waters; Trams (1998). "Obscured Asymptotic Giant Branch stars in the Magellanic Clouds IV. Carbon stars and OH/IR stars". <i>Astronomy and Astrophysics</i>. <b>329</b>: 169–85. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv" title="ArXiv">arXiv</a>:<a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/9709119v1" class="extiw" title="arxiv:astro-ph/9709119v1">astro-ph/9709119v1</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1996MNRAS.279...32Z/abstract" class="extiw" title="bibcode:1996MNRAS.279...32Z">1996MNRAS.279...32Z</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=CiteSeerX&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CiteSeerX (pole veel kirjutatud)">CiteSeerX</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.389.3269">10.1.1.389.3269</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a href="//doi.org/10.1093/mnras/279.1.32" class="extiw" title="doi:10.1093/mnras/279.1.32">10.1093/mnras/279.1.32</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Pärit leheküljelt "<a dir="ltr" href="https://et.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Täheareng&oldid=6499268">https://et.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Täheareng&oldid=6499268</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Eri:Kategooriad" title="Eri:Kategooriad">Kategooria</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategooria:Astronoomia" title="Kategooria:Astronoomia">Astronoomia</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Peidetud kategooriad: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategooria:ISBN-v%C3%B5lulingiga_lehek%C3%BCljed" title="Kategooria:ISBN-võlulingiga leheküljed">ISBN-võlulingiga leheküljed</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategooria:Toimetamist_ootavad_(juuli_2012)" title="Kategooria:Toimetamist ootavad (juuli 2012)">Toimetamist ootavad (juuli 2012)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategooria:Toimetamist_ootavad" title="Kategooria:Toimetamist ootavad">Toimetamist ootavad</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Selle lehekülje viimane muutmine: 10:36, 12. oktoober 2023.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Tekst on kasutatav vastavalt Creative Commonsi litsentsile "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.et">Autorile viitamine + jagamine samadel tingimustel</a>"; sellele võivad lisanduda täiendavad tingimused. 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