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id="toc-1947_to_1950:_formative_years-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Waziristan_rebellion_(1948-1954)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Waziristan_rebellion_(1948-1954)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Waziristan rebellion (1948-1954) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Waziristan_rebellion_(1948-1954)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1959_Indian_aerial_intrusion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1959_Indian_aerial_intrusion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 1959 Indian aerial intrusion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1959_Indian_aerial_intrusion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1960–61_Bajaur_Campaign" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1960–61_Bajaur_Campaign"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4 1960–61 Bajaur Campaign </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1960–61_Bajaur_Campaign-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1965" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1965"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5 Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1965-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1971" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1971"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.6 Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1971-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1979–1989_Soviet–Afghan_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1979–1989_Soviet–Afghan_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.7 1979–1989 Soviet–Afghan War </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1979–1989_Soviet–Afghan_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-U.S._arms_embargo_(1990–2001)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#U.S._arms_embargo_(1990–2001)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.8 U.S. arms embargo (1990–2001) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-U.S._arms_embargo_(1990–2001)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-War_in_Afghanistan_(2001–2021)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#War_in_Afghanistan_(2001–2021)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.9 War in Afghanistan (2001–2021) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-War_in_Afghanistan_(2001–2021)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2008_post-Mumbai_attacks_air_alert" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2008_post-Mumbai_attacks_air_alert"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.10 2008 post-Mumbai attacks air alert </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2008_post-Mumbai_attacks_air_alert-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2011_U.S._raid_in_Abbottabad" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2011_U.S._raid_in_Abbottabad"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.11 2011 U.S. raid in Abbottabad </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2011_U.S._raid_in_Abbottabad-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Counter-insurgency_operations_in_North-West_Pakistan_(2001–2021)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Counter-insurgency_operations_in_North-West_Pakistan_(2001–2021)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.12 Counter-insurgency operations in North-West Pakistan (2001–2021) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Counter-insurgency_operations_in_North-West_Pakistan_(2001–2021)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2019_Pakistan_airstrikes_in_Jammu_and_Kashmir" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2019_Pakistan_airstrikes_in_Jammu_and_Kashmir"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.13 2019 Pakistan airstrikes in Jammu and Kashmir </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2019_Pakistan_airstrikes_in_Jammu_and_Kashmir-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2022_Pakistani_airstrikes_in_Afghanistan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2022_Pakistani_airstrikes_in_Afghanistan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.14 2022 Pakistani airstrikes in Afghanistan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2022_Pakistani_airstrikes_in_Afghanistan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2024_Pakistani_airstrikes_in_Iran" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2024_Pakistani_airstrikes_in_Iran"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.15 2024 Pakistani airstrikes in Iran </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2024_Pakistani_airstrikes_in_Iran-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2024_Pakistani_airstrikes_in_Afghanistan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2024_Pakistani_airstrikes_in_Afghanistan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.16 2024 Pakistani airstrikes in Afghanistan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2024_Pakistani_airstrikes_in_Afghanistan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Structure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Structure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Structure </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Structure-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Structure subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Structure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Headquarters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Headquarters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Headquarters </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Headquarters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Commands" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Commands"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Commands </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Commands-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Training_establishments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Training_establishments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Training establishments </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Training_establishments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Weapons_production_establishments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Weapons_production_establishments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Weapons production establishments </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Weapons_production_establishments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bases" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bases"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 Bases </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bases-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Flying_bases" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flying_bases"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5.1 Flying bases </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flying_bases-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Non-flying_bases" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Non-flying_bases"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5.2 Non-flying bases </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Non-flying_bases-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Squadrons" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Squadrons"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.6 Squadrons </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Squadrons-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rank_structure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rank_structure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.7 Rank structure </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rank_structure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Special_forces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Special_forces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.8 Special forces </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Special_forces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Women_in_the_Pakistan_Air_Force" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Women_in_the_Pakistan_Air_Force"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.9 Women in the Pakistan Air Force </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Women_in_the_Pakistan_Air_Force-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religious_minorities_in_the_Pakistan_Air_Force" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religious_minorities_in_the_Pakistan_Air_Force"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.10 Religious minorities in the Pakistan Air Force </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religious_minorities_in_the_Pakistan_Air_Force-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Equipment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Equipment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Equipment </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Equipment-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Equipment subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Equipment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Combat_aircraft" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Combat_aircraft"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Combat aircraft </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Combat_aircraft-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Special_mission_aircraft" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Special_mission_aircraft"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Special mission aircraft </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Special_mission_aircraft-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport_aircraft" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport_aircraft"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Transport aircraft </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transport_aircraft-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aerial_refuelling_aircraft" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aerial_refuelling_aircraft"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Aerial refuelling aircraft </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aerial_refuelling_aircraft-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Trainer_aircraft" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Trainer_aircraft"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5 Trainer aircraft </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Trainer_aircraft-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Helicopters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Helicopters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.6 Helicopters </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Helicopters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Air_defence_systems" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Air_defence_systems"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.7 Air defence systems </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Air_defence_systems-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Drone_technology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Drone_technology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.8 Drone technology </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Drone_technology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modernisation_and_acquisitions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modernisation_and_acquisitions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Modernisation and acquisitions </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Modernisation_and_acquisitions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Modernisation and acquisitions subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Modernisation_and_acquisitions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Planned_acquisitions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Planned_acquisitions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Planned acquisitions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Planned_acquisitions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Project_Azm" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Project_Azm"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1.1 Project Azm </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Project_Azm-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Military_exercises" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military_exercises"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Military exercises </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military_exercises-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Involvement_in_Pakistani_society" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Involvement_in_Pakistani_society"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Involvement in Pakistani society </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Involvement_in_Pakistani_society-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 In popular culture </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_personnel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_personnel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Notable personnel </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_personnel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> 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</div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Pakistan Air Force</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 28 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-28" aria-hidden="true" > 28 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistanse_Lugmag" title="Pakistanse Lugmag – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Pakistanse Lugmag" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="القوات الجوية الباكستانية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="القوات الجوية الباكستانية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan_H%C9%99rbi_Hava_Q%C3%BCvv%C9%99l%C9%99ri" title="Pakistan Hərbi Hava Qüvvələri – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Pakistan Hərbi Hava Qüvvələri" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%80" title="পাকিস্তান বিমানবাহিনী – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পাকিস্তান বিমানবাহিনী" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A1kist%C3%A1nsk%C3%A9_letectvo" title="Pákistánské letectvo – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Pákistánské letectvo" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan_Air_Force" title="Pakistan Air Force – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Pakistan Air Force" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuerza_A%C3%A9rea_de_Pakist%C3%A1n" title="Fuerza Aérea de Pakistán – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Fuerza Aérea de Pakistán" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistana_Aerarmeo" title="Pakistana Aerarmeo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Pakistana Aerarmeo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C_%D9%87%D9%88%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D9%BE%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="نیروی هوایی پاکستان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نیروی هوایی پاکستان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forces_a%C3%A9riennes_pakistanaises" title="Forces aériennes pakistanaises – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Forces aériennes pakistanaises" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%ED%82%A4%EC%8A%A4%ED%83%84_%EA%B3%B5%EA%B5%B0" title="파키스탄 공군 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="파키스탄 공군" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE" title="पाकिस्तान वायुसेना – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पाकिस्तान वायुसेना" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angkatan_Udara_Pakistan" title="Angkatan Udara Pakistan – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Angkatan Udara Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fi%27saia_Pakistana" title="Fi'saia Pakistana – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Fi'saia Pakistana" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Aerial service branch of the Pakistan Armed Forces</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Pakistan Air Force</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>پاک فِضائیہ‎,</li><li>Pāk Fìzāʾiyah</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><a href="/wiki/File:Badge_of_the_Pakistan_Air_Force.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Badge_of_the_Pakistan_Air_Force.svg/200px-Badge_of_the_Pakistan_Air_Force.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="269" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Badge_of_the_Pakistan_Air_Force.svg/300px-Badge_of_the_Pakistan_Air_Force.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Badge_of_the_Pakistan_Air_Force.svg/400px-Badge_of_the_Pakistan_Air_Force.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="619" data-file-height="832" /></a><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Badge_of_the_Royal_Air_Force#Related_badges" title="Badge of the Royal Air Force">Badge of the Pakistan Air Force</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">15 August 1947; 77 years ago (1947-08-15)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Air_force" title="Air force">Air force</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Role</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Aerial_warfare" title="Aerial warfare">Aerial warfare</a><a href="#cite_note-AuthorHouse,_Barvarz,_2012-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Size</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>35,000 <a href="/wiki/Active_duty" title="Active duty">total active personnel</a><a href="#cite_note-:0A-2">[2]</a></li><li>8,000 <a href="/wiki/Military_reserve_force" title="Military reserve force">reserve</a><a href="#cite_note-:0A-2">[2]</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Part of</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Armed_Forces" title="Pakistan Armed Forces">Pakistan Armed Forces</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Air_Headquarters_(Pakistan_Air_Force)" class="mw-redirect" title="Air Headquarters (Pakistan Air Force)">Air Headquarters (AHQ)</a>, Sector E-9, <a href="/wiki/Islamabad" title="Islamabad">Islamabad</a>-44230</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Motto(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Urdu_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Urdu language">Urdu</a>: قوم کا سرمایہ افتخار</li><li>"A symbol of pride for the nation" (<a href="/wiki/Inter-Services_Public_Relations" title="Inter-Services Public Relations">ISPR</a> official)<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>: صحراست که دریاست ته بال و پر ماست</li><li>"Be it deserts or seas; all lie under our wings" (traditional) [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Colours</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style>  <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">  </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Anniversaries</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Day_(Pakistan)" title="Air Force Day (Pakistan)">Air Force Day</a>: 7 September</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Engagements</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:normal;"><div>Major conflicts and wartime operations</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_wars_and_conflicts" title="Indo-Pakistani wars and conflicts">Indo-Pakistani Wars and Conflicts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1947%E2%80%931948" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948">Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–49</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1965" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Pakistani War of 1965">Indo-Pakistani War of 1965</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_Air_War_of_1965" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Pakistani Air War of 1965">Indo-Pakistani Air War of 1965</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Liberation_War" title="Bangladesh Liberation War">Bangladesh Liberation War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Pakistan_Air_Operations,_1971" class="mw-redirect" title="East Pakistan Air Operations, 1971">East Pakistan Air Operations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1971" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Pakistani War of 1971">Indo-Pakistani War of 1971</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kargil_War" title="Kargil War">1999 Kargil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001%E2%80%9302_India%E2%80%93Pakistan_standoff" class="mw-redirect" title="2001–02 India–Pakistan standoff">2001–02 India–Pakistan standoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Indo-Pakistani_standoff" class="mw-redirect" title="2008 Indo-Pakistani standoff">2008 India–Pakistan standoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_India%E2%80%93Pakistan_standoff" class="mw-redirect" title="2019 India–Pakistan standoff">2019 India–Pakistan standoff</a></li></ul> <a href="/wiki/Arab_Cold_War" title="Arab Cold War">Arab Cold War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Wadiah_War" title="Al-Wadiah War">Al-Wadiah War</a><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></li></ul> <a href="/wiki/List_of_modern_conflicts_in_the_Middle_East" title="List of modern conflicts in the Middle East">Conflicts in the Middle East</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Six-Day_War" title="Six-Day War">1967 Arab-Israeli War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yom_Kippur_War" title="Yom Kippur War">1973 Arab-Israeli War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagorno-Karabakh_conflict" title="Nagorno-Karabakh conflict">Nagorno-Karabakh conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War">Gulf War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Marg_Bar_Sarmachar" title="Operation Marg Bar Sarmachar">Operation Marg Bar Sarmachar</a></li></ul> <a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_Pakistan" title="List of wars involving Pakistan">Durand Line Conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Waziristan_rebellion_of_1948-1954" class="mw-redirect" title="Waziristan rebellion of 1948-1954">Waziristan rebellion of 1948-1954</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1949_Mughalgai_raid" title="1949 Mughalgai raid">1949 Mughalgai raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bajaur_Campaign" title="Bajaur Campaign">Bajaur Campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Pakistani_airstrikes_in_Afghanistan" title="2022 Pakistani airstrikes in Afghanistan">2022 Pakistani airstrikes in Afghanistan</a></li> <li> <a href="/wiki/2024_Pakistan-Afghanistan_skirmishes" class="mw-redirect" title="2024 Pakistan-Afghanistan skirmishes">2024 Pakistan-Afghanistan skirmishes</a></li></ul> <a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(1978%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="War in Afghanistan (1978–present)">Afghanistan Conflict (1978–present)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Cyclone" title="Operation Cyclone">Soviet–Afghan War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Soviet_air_confrontations_during_the_Soviet_Afghan_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakistan Soviet air confrontations during the Soviet Afghan war">Pakistan–Soviet/DRA aerial confrontations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Zhawar" title="Second Battle of Zhawar">Second Battle of Zhawar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_Civil_War_(1989%E2%80%931992)" title="Afghan Civil War (1989–1992)">First Afghan Civil War (1989–1992)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_Civil_War_(1992%E2%80%931996)" title="Afghan Civil War (1992–1996)">Second Afghan Civil War (1992–1996)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_Civil_War_(1996%E2%80%932001)" title="Afghan Civil War (1996–2001)">Third Afghan Civil War (1996–2001)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NATO_logistics_in_the_Afghan_War" class="mw-redirect" title="NATO logistics in the Afghan War">NATO logistics operations (War in Afghanistan)</a></li></ul> <a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" title="Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">War in North-West Pakistan</a> <ul><li><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wana" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Wana">Battle of Wana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_al-Mizan" title="Operation al-Mizan">Operation al-Mizan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mir_Ali" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Mir Ali">Battle of Mir Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Rah-e-Haq" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Rah-e-Haq">Operation Rah-e-Haq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Zalzala" title="Operation Zalzala">Operation Zalzala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Sirat-e-Mustaqeem" title="Operation Sirat-e-Mustaqeem">Operation Sirat-e-Mustaqeem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Sherdil" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Sherdil">Operation Sherdil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Black_Thunderstorm" title="Operation Black Thunderstorm">Operation Black Thunderstorm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Rah-e-Rast" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Rah-e-Rast">Operation Rah-e-Rast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Rah-e-Nijat" title="Operation Rah-e-Nijat">Operation Rah-e-Nijat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_Khyber_Pass_offensive" title="2009 Khyber Pass offensive">2009 Khyber Pass offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Janbaz" title="Operation Janbaz">Operation Janbaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohmand_offensive" title="Mohmand offensive">Mohmand offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orakzai_and_Kurram_offensive" title="Orakzai and Kurram offensive">Orakzai and Kurram offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Koh-e-Sufaid" title="Operation Koh-e-Sufaid">Operation Koh-e-Sufaid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Rah-e-Shahadat" title="Operation Rah-e-Shahadat">Operation Rah-e-Shahadat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Khyber" title="Operation Khyber">Operation Khyber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_2014_FATA_airstrikes" title="January 2014 FATA airstrikes">January 2014 FATA airstrikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2014_Waziristan_airstrikes" title="May 2014 Waziristan airstrikes">May 2014 Waziristan airstrikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Zarb-e-Azb" title="Operation Zarb-e-Azb">Operation Zarb-e-Azb</a></li></ul></li></ul> <a href="/wiki/War_on_Terror" class="mw-redirect" title="War on Terror">U.S. led War on Terror</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020-2021_US_troop_withdrawal_from_Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="2020-2021 US troop withdrawal from Afghanistan">2020-2021 US troop withdrawal from Afghanistan</a></li></ul> <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_civil_war" title="Sri Lankan civil war">Sri Lankan Civil War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan%27s_military_assistance_to_Sri_Lanka" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakistan's military assistance to Sri Lanka">Military assistance to Sri Lanka</a></li></ul> <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_peacekeeping_missions_involving_Pakistan" title="United Nations peacekeeping missions involving Pakistan">United Nations Missions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Protection_Force" title="United Nations Protection Force">Yugoslav Wars</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bosnian_War" title="Bosnian War">Bosnian War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unified_Task_Force" title="Unified Task Force">Somali Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Indian_Ocean_earthquake_and_tsunami" title="2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami">2004 Indian Ocean relief operations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Stabilisation_Mission_in_Haiti" title="United Nations Stabilisation Mission in Haiti">UNSM – Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Madad_(Pakistan_Navy)" title="Operation Madad (Pakistan Navy)">Operation Madadt (supplementary role)</a></li></ul> <a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Pakistan" title="Terrorism in Pakistan">Internal Conflicts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Balochistan" title="Insurgency in Balochistan">Insurgency in Balochistan (1948–present)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Balochistan_conflict" title="Second Balochistan conflict">Second Balochistan conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Balochistan_conflict" title="Third Balochistan conflict">Third Balochistan conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1970s_operation_in_Balochistan" title="1970s operation in Balochistan">Fourth Balochistan conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Balochistan" title="Insurgency in Balochistan">Fifth Balochistan conflict</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sectarian_violence_in_Pakistan" title="Sectarian violence in Pakistan">Sectarian conflicts in Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_Dir_rebellion" title="1976 Dir rebellion">1976 Dir rebellion</a></li></ul> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.paf.gov.pk/#/">paf.gov.pk</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Commander-in-chief#Pakistan" title="Commander-in-chief">Commander-in-Chief</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/President_of_Pakistan" title="President of Pakistan">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Asif_Ali_Zardari" title="Asif Ali Zardari">Asif Ali Zardari</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_Air_Staff_(Pakistan)" title="Chief of the Air Staff (Pakistan)">Chief of the Air Staff</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Air_chief_marshal_(Pakistan)" title="Air chief marshal (Pakistan)">Air Chief Marshal</a> <a href="/wiki/Zaheer_Ahmad_Babar" title="Zaheer Ahmad Babar">Zaheer Ahmad Babar</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Vice_Chief_of_the_Air_Staff_(Pakistan)" title="Vice Chief of the Air Staff (Pakistan)">Vice Chief of the Air Staff</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Air_marshal_(Pakistan)" title="Air marshal (Pakistan)">Air Marshal</a> <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Zahid_Mahmood" title="Muhammad Zahid Mahmood">Muhammad Zahid Mahmood</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Insignia</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Roundel" title="Roundel">Roundel</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Roundel_of_Pakistan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Roundel_of_Pakistan.svg/80px-Roundel_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Roundel_of_Pakistan.svg/120px-Roundel_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Roundel_of_Pakistan.svg/160px-Roundel_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="602" data-file-height="602" /></a> <a href="/wiki/File:Roundel_of_Pakistan_%E2%80%93_Low_Visibility.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Roundel_of_Pakistan_%E2%80%93_Low_Visibility.svg/80px-Roundel_of_Pakistan_%E2%80%93_Low_Visibility.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Roundel_of_Pakistan_%E2%80%93_Low_Visibility.svg/120px-Roundel_of_Pakistan_%E2%80%93_Low_Visibility.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Roundel_of_Pakistan_%E2%80%93_Low_Visibility.svg/160px-Roundel_of_Pakistan_%E2%80%93_Low_Visibility.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="602" data-file-height="602" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Fin_flash" class="mw-redirect" title="Fin flash">Fin flash</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Pakistan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/80px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="53" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/120px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/160px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/File:Fin_Flash_of_Pakistan_%E2%80%93_Low_Visibility.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Fin_Flash_of_Pakistan_%E2%80%93_Low_Visibility.svg/80px-Fin_Flash_of_Pakistan_%E2%80%93_Low_Visibility.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="53" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Fin_Flash_of_Pakistan_%E2%80%93_Low_Visibility.svg/120px-Fin_Flash_of_Pakistan_%E2%80%93_Low_Visibility.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Fin_Flash_of_Pakistan_%E2%80%93_Low_Visibility.svg/160px-Fin_Flash_of_Pakistan_%E2%80%93_Low_Visibility.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force_Ensign#Related_ensigns" title="Royal Air Force Ensign">Flag</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Air_Force_Ensign_of_Pakistan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Air_Force_Ensign_of_Pakistan.svg/150px-Air_Force_Ensign_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Air_Force_Ensign_of_Pakistan.svg/225px-Air_Force_Ensign_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Air_Force_Ensign_of_Pakistan.svg/300px-Air_Force_Ensign_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Aircraft flown</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Attack_aircraft" title="Attack aircraft">Attack</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Dassault_Mirage_5" title="Dassault Mirage 5">Mirage 5</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dassault_Mirage_III" title="Dassault Mirage III">Mirage III</a>, <a href="/wiki/NESCOM_Burraq" title="NESCOM Burraq">Burraq UCAV</a>, <a href="/wiki/CASC_Rainbow" title="CASC Rainbow">CH-4 UCAV</a>, <a href="/wiki/CAIG_Wing_Loong_II" title="CAIG Wing Loong II">Wing Loong II UCAV</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baykar_Bayraktar_Ak%C4%B1nc%C4%B1" title="Baykar Bayraktar Akıncı">Akıncı UCAV</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bayraktar_TB2" title="Bayraktar TB2">TB2 UCAV</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Electronic_warfare" title="Electronic warfare">Electronic warfare</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Erieye" title="Erieye">SAAB-2000 Erieye (AWACS)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shaanxi_Y-8#Variants" title="Shaanxi Y-8">ZDK-03 (AWACS)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dassault_Falcon_20" title="Dassault Falcon 20">Falcon DA-20 (EW)</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Fighter_aircraft" title="Fighter aircraft">Fighter</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/General_Dynamics_F-16_Fighting_Falcon_variants" title="General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon variants">F-16A/B/AM/BM/C/D</a>, <a href="/wiki/PAC/CAC_JF-17_Thunder" class="mw-redirect" title="PAC/CAC JF-17 Thunder">JF-17A/B/C</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chengdu_J-10" title="Chengdu J-10">Chengdu J-10C</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Helicopter" title="Helicopter">Helicopter</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/AgustaWestland_AW139" title="AgustaWestland AW139">AW139</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mil_Mi-17" title="Mil Mi-17">Mi-171</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Interceptor_aircraft" title="Interceptor aircraft">Interceptor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Chengdu_J-7" title="Chengdu J-7">F-7PG</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Surveillance_aircraft" title="Surveillance aircraft">Reconnaissance</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Dassault_Mirage_III" title="Dassault Mirage III">Mirage IIIRP</a>, <a href="/wiki/SATUMA_Jasoos" title="SATUMA Jasoos">Jasoos I UAV</a>, <a href="/wiki/SATUMA_Jasoos" title="SATUMA Jasoos">Jasoos II Bravo+ UAV</a>, <a href="/wiki/GIDS_Shahpar" title="GIDS Shahpar">Shahpar UAV</a>, <a href="/wiki/Selex_ES_Falco" title="Selex ES Falco">Selex ES Falco</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Trainer_(aircraft)" class="mw-redirect" title="Trainer (aircraft)">Trainer</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/PAC_MFI-17_Mushshak" title="PAC MFI-17 Mushshak">MFI-17 Mushshak</a>, <a href="/wiki/MFI-395_Super_Mushshak" class="mw-redirect" title="MFI-395 Super Mushshak">MFI-395 Super Mushshak</a>, <a href="/wiki/T-37_Tweet" class="mw-redirect" title="T-37 Tweet">T-37</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hongdu_JL-8" title="Hongdu JL-8">K-8P</a>, <a href="/wiki/General_Dynamics_F-16_Fighting_Falcon_variants" title="General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon variants">F-16B/D</a>, <a href="/wiki/PAC/CAC_JF-17_Thunder" class="mw-redirect" title="PAC/CAC JF-17 Thunder">JF-17B</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Cargo_aircraft" title="Cargo aircraft">Transport</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/C-130_Hercules" class="mw-redirect" title="C-130 Hercules">C-130B/E/L-100</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gulfstream_IV" title="Gulfstream IV">Gulfstream IV</a>, <a href="/wiki/Embraer_Phenom_100" title="Embraer Phenom 100">Phenom 100</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saab_2000" title="Saab 2000">Saab 2000</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harbin_Y-12" title="Harbin Y-12">Harbin Y-12</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Aerial_refueling" title="Aerial refueling">Tanker</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ilyushin_Il-78" title="Ilyushin Il-78">Ilyushin Il-78</a></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Military unit</div> The Pakistan Air Force (PAF) (<a href="/wiki/Urdu_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Urdu language">Urdu</a>: <span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">پاک فِضائیہ, <a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Urdu" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanization of Urdu">romanized</a>: Pāk Fìzāʾiyah; <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style>pronounced <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Hindi_and_Urdu" title="Help:IPA/Hindi and Urdu">[pɑːk fɪzɑːɪjəɦ]</a>)<a href="#cite_note-6">[Note 1]</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Aerial_warfare" title="Aerial warfare">aerial warfare</a> branch of the <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Armed_Forces" title="Pakistan Armed Forces">Pakistan Armed Forces</a>, tasked primarily with the aerial defence of <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>, with a secondary role of providing air support to the <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Army" title="Pakistan Army">Pakistan Army</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Navy" title="Pakistan Navy">Pakistan Navy</a> when required, and a tertiary role of providing strategic <a href="/wiki/Airlift" title="Airlift">airlift</a> capability to Pakistan. As of 2024<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pakistan_Air_Force&action=edit">[update]</a>, as per the <a href="/wiki/International_Institute_for_Strategic_Studies" title="International Institute for Strategic Studies">International Institute for Strategic Studies</a>, the PAF has more than 35,000 <a href="/wiki/Active_duty" title="Active duty">active-duty</a> personnel.<a href="#cite_note-:03-7">[6]</a> PAF stands as the eight largest Air Force in the world.<a href="#cite_note-8">[7]</a> PAF is the largest Air Force of the <a href="/wiki/Muslim_world" title="Muslim world">Muslim world</a> in terms of aircraft fleet.<a href="#cite_note-9">[8]</a> Its primary mandate and mission is "to provide, in synergy with other inter-services, the most efficient, assured and cost effective aerial defence of Pakistan." Since its establishment in <a href="/wiki/Independence_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Independence of Pakistan">1947</a>, the PAF has been involved in <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Pakistan_Air_Force" title="History of the Pakistan Air Force">various combat operations</a>, providing aerial support to the operations and relief efforts of the Pakistani military.<a href="#cite_note-AIr_Force_ISPR-10">[9]</a> Under Article 243, the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Pakistan" title="Constitution of Pakistan">Constitution of Pakistan</a> appoints the <a href="/wiki/President_of_Pakistan" title="President of Pakistan">President of Pakistan</a> as the civilian <a href="/wiki/Commander-in-chief" title="Commander-in-chief">Commander-in-Chief</a> of the Pakistan Armed Forces. The <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_Air_Staff_(Pakistan)" title="Chief of the Air Staff (Pakistan)">Chief of the Air Staff (CAS)</a>, by statute a <a href="/wiki/Four-star_rank" class="mw-redirect" title="Four-star rank">four-star</a> <a href="/wiki/Air_officer" title="Air officer">air officer</a>, is appointed by the President with the consultation and confirmation needed from the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Pakistan" title="Prime Minister of Pakistan">Prime Minister of Pakistan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-11">[10]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Pakistan_Air_Force" title="History of the Pakistan Air Force">History of the Pakistan Air Force</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1947_to_1950:_formative_years">1947 to 1950: formative years</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a>. Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Pakistan_Air_Force" title="Special:EditPage/Pakistan Air Force">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>. (February 2024) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> The Royal Pakistan Air Force (RPAF) was established on 15 August 1947 with the independence of Pakistan from British India. The RPAF began with a paper share allotment of 2,332 personnel, a fleet of 24 <a href="/wiki/Hawker_Tempest" title="Hawker Tempest">Tempest II</a> fighter-bombers, 16 <a href="/wiki/Hawker_Typhoon" title="Hawker Typhoon">Hawker Typhoon</a> fighters, two <a href="/wiki/Handley_Page_Halifax" title="Handley Page Halifax">H.P.57 Halifax</a> bombers, two <a href="/wiki/Auster_Aircraft" title="Auster Aircraft">Auster</a> aircraft, twelve <a href="/wiki/T-6_Texan" class="mw-redirect" title="T-6 Texan">North American Harvard</a> trainers and ten <a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Tiger_Moth" title="De Havilland Tiger Moth">de Havilland Tiger Moth</a> <a href="/wiki/Biplanes" class="mw-redirect" title="Biplanes">biplanes</a>. Very few were available to the RPAF on the ground as they were scattered throughout the British India to be given and collected later on. Of these very few were in flyable condition so that they could be used. Subsequently, it also got eight <a href="/wiki/C-47_Dakota" class="mw-redirect" title="C-47 Dakota">C-47 Dakota</a> cargo planes which it used to transport supplies to soldiers fighting in the <a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1947" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Pakistani War of 1947">1947 War</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kashmir" title="Kashmir">Kashmir</a> against India. First two <a href="/wiki/Handley_Page_Halifax" title="Handley Page Halifax">H.P.57 Halifax</a> bombers were delivered in 1948 and were used during <a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1947" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Pakistani War of 1947">1947 War</a> for night-time supply drop missions at <a href="/wiki/Skardu" title="Skardu">Skardu</a> and other northern areas of Pakistan. All received against allotted at the time of independence of Pakistan from British India. It started with seven airbases scattered all over the provinces. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Waziristan_rebellion_(1948-1954)">Waziristan rebellion (1948-1954)</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Waziristan_rebellion_(1948-1954)" class="mw-redirect" title="Waziristan rebellion (1948-1954)">Waziristan rebellion (1948-1954)</a> and <a href="/wiki/1949_Mughalgai_raid" title="1949 Mughalgai raid">1949 Mughalgai raid</a></div> After the <a href="/wiki/Partition_of_India" title="Partition of India">partition of British India</a>, Faqir of Ipi, a pashtun separatist leader rejected the creation of newly created Pakistan. In 1948, the <a href="/wiki/Faqir_of_Ipi" title="Faqir of Ipi">Faqir of Ipi</a> took control of <a href="/wiki/North_Waziristan" class="mw-redirect" title="North Waziristan">North Waziristan</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Datta_Khel_Subdivision" class="mw-redirect" title="Datta Khel Subdivision">Datta Khel</a> area and declared the establishment of an independent <a href="/wiki/Pashtunistan" title="Pashtunistan">Pashtunistan</a>, with support from neighbouring <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Afghanistan" title="Kingdom of Afghanistan">Kingdom of Afghanistan</a>. In response to the Faqir's rebellion, Pakistan Air Force in June 1949 inadvertently <a href="/wiki/1949_Mughalgai_raid" title="1949 Mughalgai raid">bombed</a> the Afghan village of Mughalgai on the <a href="/wiki/Waziristan" title="Waziristan">Waziristan</a> border with Afghanistan while chasing the <a href="/wiki/Pashtunistan" title="Pashtunistan">Pashtunistan</a> separatists who attacked Pakistani border posts from Afghanistan, this attack came to known as <a href="/wiki/1949_Mughalgai_raid" title="1949 Mughalgai raid">Mughalgai raid</a> which left 23 separatists dead and further fuelled Afghan support for Pashtunistan. Faqir established Gurwek as headquarters for his activities. Faqir also established a rifle factory in <a href="/wiki/Gurwek" title="Gurwek">Gurwek</a> with the material support provided by the government of <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>. In 1953–1954, the PAF's <a href="/wiki/No._14_Squadron_(Pakistan_Air_Force)" class="mw-redirect" title="No. 14 Squadron (Pakistan Air Force)">No. 14 Squadron</a> led an operation from <a href="/wiki/Miranshah" title="Miranshah">Miranshah airbase</a> and heavily bombarded the <a href="/wiki/Faqir_of_Ipi" title="Faqir of Ipi">Faqir of Ipi</a>'s compound in <a href="/wiki/Gurwek" title="Gurwek">Gurwek</a> which ultimately forced Faqir to detach from an armed campaign against Pakistan. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1959_Indian_aerial_intrusion">1959 Indian aerial intrusion</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/1959_Canberra_shootdown" title="1959 Canberra shootdown">1959 Canberra shootdown</a></div> On 10 April 1959, on the occasion of the <a href="/wiki/Eid_al-Fitr" title="Eid al-Fitr">Eid ul-Fitr</a> festival holiday in <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Indian_Air_Force" title="Indian Air Force">Indian Air Force</a> (IAF) <a href="/wiki/English_Electric_Canberra" title="English Electric Canberra">English Electric Canberra</a> B(I)58 of No. 106 Squadron entered Pakistani airspace on a <a href="/wiki/Aerial_reconnaissance" title="Aerial reconnaissance">photo reconnaissance</a> mission. Two PAF <a href="/wiki/North_American_F-86_Sabre" title="North American F-86 Sabre">F-86F Sabres</a> (<a href="/wiki/Flight_lieutenant" title="Flight lieutenant">Flt. Lt.</a> M. N. Butt (leader) and Flt. Lt. M. Yunis) of No. 15 Squadron on Air Defence Alert (ADA) were scrambled from <a href="/wiki/PAF_Base_Peshawar" title="PAF Base Peshawar">PAF Base Peshawar</a> to intercept the IAF aircraft. Butt attempted to bring down the Canberra by firing his Sabre's machine guns, but the Canberra was flying at an altitude of more than 50,000 feet—beyond the operational ceiling of the F-86F. When Yunis took over from his leader, the Canberra suddenly lost height while executing a turn over <a href="/wiki/Rawalpindi" title="Rawalpindi">Rawalpindi</a>. Yunis fired a burst that struck the Canberra at an altitude of 47,500 feet and brought it down over <a href="/wiki/Rawat,_Islamabad" title="Rawat, Islamabad">Rawat</a>, marking the first direct aerial victory of the PAF. Both crew members of the IAF Canberra ejected and were captured by Pakistani authorities. They were subsequently released after remaining in detention for some time.<a href="#cite_note-12">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-13">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-etribune-14">[13]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1960–61_Bajaur_Campaign">1960–61 Bajaur Campaign</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Bajaur_Campaign" title="Bajaur Campaign">Bajaur Campaign</a></div> Between 1960 and 1961, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Afghan_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Afghan Army">Royal Afghan Army</a> troops along with thousands of Pashtun tribesmen from Afghanistan crossed the extremely porous Pakistan–Afghanistan border and entered the semi-autonomous Bajaur Agency of Pakistan in an effort to annex the region. The Pakistan Air Force sent <a href="/wiki/North_American_F-86_Sabre" title="North American F-86 Sabre">F-86 Sabre jets</a> in order to support the <a href="/wiki/Pakistani_Military" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakistani Military">Pakistani Forces</a> and local Pashtun tribesmen of Pakistan who were fighting the Afghan infiltrators. The F-86 Sabre jets also executed bombing runs on <a href="/wiki/Royal_Afghan_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Afghan Army">Royal Afghan Army</a> positions in <a href="/wiki/Kunar_Province" title="Kunar Province">Kunar</a>, Afghanistan, thus leading Afghan forces to fall back to the <a href="/wiki/Durand_Line" title="Durand Line">international border</a>. Although the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Afghan_Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Afghan Air Force">Royal Afghan Air Force</a> had seven <a href="/wiki/MiG-17" class="mw-redirect" title="MiG-17">MiG-17</a> squadrons and another <a href="/wiki/MiG-21" class="mw-redirect" title="MiG-21">MiG-21</a> squadron being operationalized, no known dogfight has been recorded between the two sides. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1965">Indo-Pakistani War of 1965</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_air_war_of_1965" title="Indo-Pakistani air war of 1965">Indo-Pakistani air war of 1965</a></div> The PAF fleet at the time consisted of 12 <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_F-104_Starfighter" title="Lockheed F-104 Starfighter">F-104 Starfighters</a>, some 120 F-86 Sabres and around 20 <a href="/wiki/Martin_B-57_Canberra" title="Martin B-57 Canberra">B-57 Canberra bombers</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Pakistan's_Air_Power,_by_John_Fricker_(page_89)-15">[14]</a> The PAF claims to have had complete <a href="/wiki/Air_supremacy" title="Air supremacy">air superiority</a> over the battle area from the second day of operations.<a href="#cite_note-Pakistan's_Air_Power,_by_John_Fricker_(page_90)-16">[15]</a> However, IAF <a href="/wiki/Air_Chief_Marshal_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Air Chief Marshal (India)">Air Chief Marshal</a> <a href="/wiki/Arjan_Singh" title="Arjan Singh">Arjan Singh</a> claimed that, despite having been qualitatively inferior to the PAF, the IAF allegedly achieved total air superiority in three days.<a href="#cite_note-17">[16]</a> Many publications have credited the PAF's successes in combat with the IAF to its <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">U.S.</a>-quality equipment, claiming it to be superior to the aircraft operated by the IAF and giving the PAF a "qualitative advantage". This statement has been refuted by some officials in Pakistan, who say that the IAF's <a href="/wiki/Mikoyan-Gurevich_MiG-21" title="Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21">MiG-21</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hawker_Hunter" title="Hawker Hunter">Hawker Hunter</a> and <a href="/wiki/Folland_Gnat" title="Folland Gnat">Folland Gnat</a> aircraft had better performance than the PAF's F-86 fighters, without accounting for the obvious quantitative advantage that the IAF possessed.<a href="#cite_note-Pakistan's_Air_Power,_Flight_International_magazine,_5_May_1984_(page_1208)-18">[17]</a> According to retired PAF Air Commodore <a href="/wiki/Sajad_Haider" title="Sajad Haider">Sajad Haider</a>, the F-86 Sabre was inferior in terms of both power and speed to the IAF's <a href="/wiki/Hawker_Hunter" title="Hawker Hunter">Hawker Hunter</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Pakistan's_Air_Power,_Flight_International_magazine,_5_May_1984_(page_1208)-18">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-the_right_stuff-19">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-20">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-21">[20]</a> Air Commodore <a href="/wiki/Sajad_Haider" title="Sajad Haider">Sajad Haider</a>, who flew with No. 19 squadron also stated that the F-104 Starfighter did not deserve its reputation as "the pride of the PAF" because it "was unsuited to the tactical environment of the region. It was a high-level interceptor designed to neutralise <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet</a> strategic bombers in altitudes above 40,000 feet." Nevertheless, the IAF is believed to have feared facing the Starfighter in combat<a href="#cite_note-the_right_stuff-19">[18]</a> despite its lack of effectiveness in comparison to the IAF's fleet of <a href="/wiki/Folland_Gnat" title="Folland Gnat">Folland Gnats</a>.<a href="#cite_note-22">[21]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">Indian</a> sources, the F-86F performed reasonably well against the IAF's Hunters but not as well against the Gnat, which was nicknamed the Sabre Slayer by the IAF.<a href="#cite_note-23">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-24">[23]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pakistan_Air_Force_Cold_War_Jets_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Pakistan_Air_Force_Cold_War_Jets_cropped.jpg/220px-Pakistan_Air_Force_Cold_War_Jets_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Pakistan_Air_Force_Cold_War_Jets_cropped.jpg/330px-Pakistan_Air_Force_Cold_War_Jets_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Pakistan_Air_Force_Cold_War_Jets_cropped.jpg/440px-Pakistan_Air_Force_Cold_War_Jets_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="863" data-file-height="441" /></a><figcaption>Pakistan Air Force's Cold War Fleet of the 1960s heavily used during the <a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_war_of_1965" title="Indo-Pakistani war of 1965">September War</a> of 1965. Above is a PAF's 3-ship formation consisting of a Shenyang F-6, Lockheed F-104 & Dassault Mirage-III.</figcaption></figure> Per <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, most of the aircraft losses of the IAF were allegedly on the ground while the PAF suffered most of their losses in aerial combat,<a href="#cite_note-bb-25">[24]</a> a claim that has widely been accepted by most international sources as "a stretch".<a href="#cite_note-bb-25">[24]</a> The IAF ran a larger offensive air campaign by devoting 40% of its air effort to <a href="/wiki/Offensive_(military)" title="Offensive (military)">offensive</a> air support alone.<a href="#cite_note-bb-25">[24]</a> The two countries have made contradictory claims of combat losses during the war and few neutral sources have verified the claims of either country, as is the case with most India-Pakistan conflicts. The PAF claims that it shot down 104 IAF aircraft and lost 19 of its own, while the IAF claimed it shot down 73 PAF aircraft while losing 60 of its own.<a href="#cite_note-26">[25]</a> According to most independent and neutral sources, the PAF lost some 20 aircraft while the IAF lost somewhere between 60 and 75.<a href="#cite_note-Encyclopedia_of_the_developing_world-27">[26]</a> Despite the intense fighting throughout the course of the war, the conflict was effectively a stalemate and inconclusive in its result.<a href="#cite_note-28">[27]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1971">Indo-Pakistani War of 1971</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Liberation_War" title="Bangladesh Liberation War">Bangladesh Liberation War</a> and <a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1971" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Pakistani War of 1971">Indo-Pakistani War of 1971</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pakistan_Air_Force_B-57s.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Pakistan_Air_Force_B-57s.jpg/220px-Pakistan_Air_Force_B-57s.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Pakistan_Air_Force_B-57s.jpg/330px-Pakistan_Air_Force_B-57s.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Pakistan_Air_Force_B-57s.jpg/440px-Pakistan_Air_Force_B-57s.jpg 2x" data-file-width="839" data-file-height="668" /></a><figcaption>PAF <a href="/wiki/B-57_Canberra" class="mw-redirect" title="B-57 Canberra">B-57 Canberra</a> bombers lined up at an airbase.</figcaption></figure> By late 1971, the intensification of the independence movement in erstwhile <a href="/wiki/East_Pakistan" title="East Pakistan">East Pakistan</a> led to the <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Liberation_War" title="Bangladesh Liberation War">Bangladesh Liberation War</a> between <a href="/wiki/West_Pakistan" title="West Pakistan">West Pakistan</a> and East Pakistan (later joined by India).<a href="#cite_note-29">[28]</a> On 22 November 1971, 10 days before the start of a full-scale war, four PAF F-86 Sabre jets attacked Indian and <a href="/wiki/Mukti_Bahini" title="Mukti Bahini">Mukti Bahini</a> positions at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Garibpur" title="Battle of Garibpur">Garibpur</a>, near the international border. Two of the four PAF Sabres <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Boyra" title="Battle of Boyra">were shot down</a> and one damaged by the IAF's Gnats.<a href="#cite_note-30">[29]</a> On 3 December, India formally declared war against Pakistan following massive <a href="/wiki/Operation_Chengiz_Khan" title="Operation Chengiz Khan">preemptive strikes</a> by the PAF against IAF installations in <a href="/wiki/Srinagar" title="Srinagar">Srinagar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ambala" title="Ambala">Ambala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sirsa" title="Sirsa">Sirsa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Halwara" title="Halwara">Halwara</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jodhpur" title="Jodhpur">Jodhpur</a>. However, the IAF did not suffer any significant losses because the leadership had anticipated such a move and consequently, precautions were taken.<a href="#cite_note-31">[30]</a> The IAF was quick to respond to Pakistani airstrikes, following which the PAF carried out mostly defensive sorties.<a href="#cite_note-32">[31]</a> Hostilities officially ended at 14:30 GMT on 17 December, after the fall of <a href="/wiki/Dhaka" title="Dhaka">Dacca</a> on 15 December. The PAF flew about 2,840 sorties and destroyed 71 IAF aircraft while losing 43 of its own.<a href="#cite_note-Encyclopedia_of_the_Developing_World,_Volume_3-33">[32]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1979–1989_Soviet–Afghan_War">1979–1989 Soviet–Afghan War</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a>, <a href="/wiki/Soviet%E2%80%93Afghan_War" title="Soviet–Afghan War">Soviet–Afghan War</a>, <a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Strategic_Command_(Pakistan)" title="Air Force Strategic Command (Pakistan)">Air Force Strategic Command (Pakistan)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Soviet_air_confrontations" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakistan Soviet air confrontations">Pakistan Soviet air confrontations</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Operation_Kahuta" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Kahuta">Operation Kahuta</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pakistan_Air_Force_F-16D_10806_Falcons_(28928474790).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Pakistan_Air_Force_F-16D_10806_Falcons_%2828928474790%29.jpg/220px-Pakistan_Air_Force_F-16D_10806_Falcons_%2828928474790%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Pakistan_Air_Force_F-16D_10806_Falcons_%2828928474790%29.jpg/330px-Pakistan_Air_Force_F-16D_10806_Falcons_%2828928474790%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Pakistan_Air_Force_F-16D_10806_Falcons_%2828928474790%29.jpg/440px-Pakistan_Air_Force_F-16D_10806_Falcons_%2828928474790%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1151" /></a><figcaption>A Pakistan Air Force <a href="/wiki/F-16D" class="mw-redirect" title="F-16D">F-16D</a> Falcon inflight</figcaption></figure> In 1979, the PAF's <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_Air_Staff_(Pakistan)" title="Chief of the Air Staff (Pakistan)">Chief of the Air Staff</a>, <a href="/wiki/Air_Chief_Marshal" class="mw-redirect" title="Air Chief Marshal">Air Chief Marshal</a> <a href="/wiki/Anwar_Shamim" title="Anwar Shamim">Anwar Shamim</a>, was told by then-<a href="/wiki/President_of_Pakistan" title="President of Pakistan">President</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_Army_Staff_(Pakistan)" title="Chief of the Army Staff (Pakistan)">Chief of the Army Staff</a> <a href="/wiki/General_officer" title="General officer">General</a> <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Zia-ul-Haq" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq">Zia-ul-Haq</a>, that Pakistan had reliable intelligence on Indian plans to attack and destroy Pakistan's nuclear research facilities in <a href="/wiki/Kahuta" title="Kahuta">Kahuta</a>. ACM Shamim told General Zia-ul-Haq that, in the PAF's current state, "Indian aircraft could reach the area in three minutes whereas the PAF would take eight minutes, allowing the Indians to attack the facility and return before the PAF could defend or retaliate". Because Kahuta was close to the Indian border, a consensus was reached acknowledging that the best way to deter a possible Indian attack would be to procure new advanced fighters and weaponry. These could be used to mount a retaliatory attack on India's nuclear research facilities in <a href="/wiki/Trombay" title="Trombay">Trombay</a> in the event of an Indian attack on Kahuta. It was decided the most suitable aircraft would be the <a href="/wiki/General_Dynamics_F-16_Fighting_Falcon" title="General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon">F-16 Fighting Falcon</a>, which the United States eventually agreed to supply after the PAF refused to purchase the <a href="/wiki/Northrop_F-5" title="Northrop F-5">F-5</a>. In 1983, when the first batch of F-16s reached Pakistan, ACM Shamim informed Zia of the PAF's increasing capability to effectively respond to an attack on the nuclear research facilities at Kahuta.<a href="#cite_note-34">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-35">[34]</a> Due to rising tensions with the Soviet Union due to its <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Invasion_of_Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan">invasion of Afghanistan</a>, Pakistan's <a href="/wiki/Inter-Services_Intelligence" title="Inter-Services Intelligence">ISI</a> <a href="/wiki/Operation_Cyclone" title="Operation Cyclone">systematically coordinated</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">CIA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Secret_Intelligence_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Secret Intelligence Service">MI6</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mossad" title="Mossad">Mossad</a> to secure American resources and armaments for the <a href="/wiki/Mujahideen" title="Mujahideen">Afghan mujahideen</a> who were combating the invading <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Armed_Forces" title="Soviet Armed Forces">Soviet forces</a>. Various reports during this period widely indicated that the PAF had in fact covertly engaged in aerial combat against the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Air_Forces" title="Soviet Air Forces">Soviet Air Force</a> in support of the <a href="/wiki/Afghan_Air_Force" title="Afghan Air Force">Afghan Air Force</a> during the course of the conflict;<a href="#cite_note-PAF-History-36">[35]</a> one of which belonged to <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Rutskoy" title="Alexander Rutskoy">Alexander Rutskoy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-PAF-History-36">[35]</a> A letter of agreement for up to 28 F-16A and 12 F-16B was signed in December 1981. The contracts, Peace Gate I and Peace Gate II were for 6 and 34 Block 15 models respectively, which would be powered by the <a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_F100" title="Pratt & Whitney F100">F100-PW-200</a> engine. The first Peace Gate I aircraft was accepted at <a href="/wiki/Fort_Worth,_Texas" title="Fort Worth, Texas">Fort Worth</a> in October 1982. Two F-16A and four F-16B were subsequently delivered to Pakistan in 1983, with the first F-16 arriving at PAF Base Sargodha (now known as PAF Base Mushaf) on 15 January 1983 flown by <a href="/wiki/Squadron_leader" title="Squadron leader">Squadron Leader</a> Shahid Javed. The 34 remaining aircraft as part of Peace Gate II were delivered between 1983 and 1987.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-37">[36]</a> Between May 1986 and November 1988,<a href="#cite_note-38">[37]</a> the PAF's newly acquired F-16s had shot down at least eight intruding aircraft from <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_Afghanistan" title="Democratic Republic of Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>. The first three of these (one <a href="/wiki/Su-22" class="mw-redirect" title="Su-22">Su-22</a>, one probable Su-22, and one <a href="/wiki/Antonov_An-26" title="Antonov An-26">An-26</a>) were shot down by two pilots from No. 9 Squadron. Pilots of No. 14 Squadron destroyed the remaining five intruders (two Su-22s, two <a href="/wiki/Mikoyan-Gurevich_MiG-23" title="Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-23">MiG-23s</a>, and one <a href="/wiki/Sukhoi_Su-25" title="Sukhoi Su-25">Su-25</a>).<a href="#cite_note-39">[38]</a> Most of these kills were by the <a href="/wiki/AIM-9_Sidewinder" title="AIM-9 Sidewinder">AIM-9 Sidewinder</a>, but at least one (a Su-22) was destroyed by cannon fire. Pakistani Flight Lieutenant Khalid Mahmoud is credited with three of these kills.<a href="#cite_note-40">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-41">[40]</a> The PAF is believed to have evaluated the <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">French</a> <a href="/wiki/Dassault_Mirage_2000" title="Dassault Mirage 2000">Dassault Mirage 2000</a> in early 1981 and was planning to evaluate the <a href="/wiki/General_Dynamics_F-16_Fighting_Falcon" title="General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon">F-16 Fighting Falcon</a> afterwards.<a href="#cite_note-42">[41]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="U.S._arms_embargo_(1990–2001)">U.S. arms embargo (1990–2001)</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Pakistan%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Pakistan–United States relations">Pakistan–United States relations</a></div> <style 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pakistan Air Force</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Air_Force_Ensign_of_Pakistan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Air_Force_Ensign_of_Pakistan.svg/150px-Air_Force_Ensign_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Air_Force_Ensign_of_Pakistan.svg/225px-Air_Force_Ensign_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Air_Force_Ensign_of_Pakistan.svg/300px-Air_Force_Ensign_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> History</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Pakistan_Air_Force" title="History of the Pakistan Air Force">History of the PAF</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Aircraft</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_aircraft_of_the_Pakistan_Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="List of aircraft of the Pakistan Air Force">Air Force weaponry</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Units and infrastructure</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content-with-subgroup"> <table class="sidebar-subgroup"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <a href="/wiki/Air_Headquarters_(Pakistan)" title="Air Headquarters (Pakistan)">Air Headquarters</a></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Pakistan_Air_Force_Squadrons" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Pakistan Air Force Squadrons">Pakistan Air Force Squadrons</a></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Pakistan_Air_Force_bases" title="List of Pakistan Air Force bases">Air Force Bases</a></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <a href="/wiki/Special_Services_Wing" title="Special Services Wing">Special Services Wing</a></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Strategic_Command_(Pakistan)" title="Air Force Strategic Command (Pakistan)">Air Force Strategic Command</a></td> </tr></tbody></table></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Personnel</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content-with-subgroup"> <table class="sidebar-subgroup"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Air_Force_ranks_and_insignia" title="Pakistan Air Force ranks and insignia">Ranks and insignias</a></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Air_Staff_(Pakistan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief of Air Staff (Pakistan)">Chief of Air Staff</a></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <a href="/wiki/Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff_Committee" title="Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee">Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee</a></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_serving_air_marshals_of_the_Pakistan_Air_Force" title="List of serving air marshals of the Pakistan Air Force">Serving air marshals</a></td> </tr></tbody></table></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Other information</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content-with-subgroup"> <table class="sidebar-subgroup"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Air_Force_schools_and_colleges" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakistan Air Force schools and colleges">Air Force Educational System</a></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <a href="/wiki/Air_Intelligence_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Air Intelligence of Pakistan">Air intelligence</a></td> </tr></tbody></table></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Pakistan_Air_Force_sidebar" title="Template:Pakistan Air Force sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Pakistan_Air_Force_sidebar" title="Template talk:Pakistan Air Force sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Pakistan_Air_Force_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Pakistan Air Force sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> After the <a href="/wiki/Pressler_amendment" class="mw-redirect" title="Pressler amendment">Pressler amendment</a> was passed, the United States placed <a href="/wiki/Sanctions_(law)" title="Sanctions (law)">sanctions</a> and an <a href="/wiki/Arms_embargo" title="Arms embargo">arms embargo</a> on Pakistan starting on 6 October 1990 due to the continuance of the country's nuclear weapons research programme. All eleven Peace Gate III F-16s, along with seven F-16A and ten F-16B of the 60 Peace Gate IV F-16s, which had been built by the end of 1994 were embargoed and put into storage on U.S. soil.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-37">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-43">[42]</a> Desperate for a new high-tech combat aircraft, between late 1990 and 1993 the PAF evaluated the European <a href="/wiki/Panavia_Tornado" title="Panavia Tornado">Panavia Tornado</a> MRCA (multi-role combat aircraft), and ultimately rejected it. France's Dassault Mirage 2000E and an offer from <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a> for the supply of <a href="/wiki/Mikoyan_MiG-29" title="Mikoyan MiG-29">MiG-29s</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sukhoi_Su-27" title="Sukhoi Su-27">Su-27s</a> were also considered, but no deal materialized. In 1992, the PAF once again looked towards the French Mirage 2000, reviving a proposal from the early 1980s to procure around 20–40 aircraft, but a sale did not occur because France did not want to sell a fully capable version due to pressure from the United States. In August 1994, the PAF was offered the <a href="/wiki/Saab_JAS_39_Gripen" title="Saab JAS 39 Gripen">Saab JAS-39 Gripen</a> by <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a>, but the sale did not occur because 20% of the Gripen's components were sourced from the U.S., which was still maintaining sanctions on Pakistan.<a href="#cite_note-44">[43]</a> In mid-1992, Pakistan was close to signing a contract for the supply of 40 Dassault Mirage 2000s, equipped with Thomson-CSF RDM/7 radars from France, although U.S. sanctions also prevented this deal from finalizing.<a href="#cite_note-45">[44]</a> In mid-1994, it was reported that <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russian</a> manufacturers <a href="/wiki/Sukhoi" title="Sukhoi">Sukhoi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Russian_Aircraft_Corporation_MiG" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Aircraft Corporation MiG">Mikoyan</a> were offering the Su-27 and MiG-29,<a href="#cite_note-46">[45]</a> but Pakistan was reported to be negotiating for supply of the Mirage 2000–5.<a href="#cite_note-47">[46]</a> French and Russian teams visited Pakistan on 27 November 1994 and it was speculated that the interest in Russian aircraft was to pressure France into reducing the price of the Mirage 2000. The stated requirement was for up to 40 aircraft.<a href="#cite_note-48">[47]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="War_in_Afghanistan_(2001–2021)">War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)</h3></div> The Pakistan Air Force is believed to have had a primary role in the <a href="/wiki/Kunduz_airlift" title="Kunduz airlift">alleged evacuation</a> of <a href="/wiki/Taliban" title="Taliban">Taliban</a> personnel by the <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Armed_Forces" title="Pakistan Armed Forces">Pakistani military</a> from <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>. However, Pakistani and American officials have denied any such airlift taking place.<a href="#cite_note-49">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-50">[49]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2008_post-Mumbai_attacks_air_alert">2008 post-Mumbai attacks air alert</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2008_Indo-Pakistani_standoff" class="mw-redirect" title="2008 Indo-Pakistani standoff">2008 Indo-Pakistani standoff</a></div> After the <a href="/wiki/2008_Mumbai_attacks" title="2008 Mumbai attacks">2008 Mumbai attacks</a>, the Pakistan Air Force was put on high alert in anticipation of any potential Indian accusations and offensives. It deployed to all its wartime locations and started routine combat air patrols. The speed and intensity of the deployment and PAF's readiness took the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Army" title="Indian Army">Indian Army</a> High Command by surprise and later reports suggest that was the main factor to influence the Indians' decision of not going for cross border raids inside Pakistan.<a href="#cite_note-paktribune.com-51">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-Nelson-52">[51]</a> The PAF was issued a standing order to launch an immediate counter-attack in case of an air attack from India, after a call from the <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_External_Affairs_(India)" title="Minister of External Affairs (India)">Indian Foreign Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Pranab_Mukherjee" title="Pranab Mukherjee">Pranab Mukherjee</a> to the <a href="/wiki/President_of_Pakistan" title="President of Pakistan">Pakistani President</a> <a href="/wiki/Asif_Ali_Zardari" title="Asif Ali Zardari">Asif Ali Zardari</a> (the call later turned out to be a hoax).<a href="#cite_note-paktribune.com-51">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-Nelson-52">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-53">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-54">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-55">[54]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2011_U.S._raid_in_Abbottabad">2011 U.S. raid in Abbottabad</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Death_of_Osama_bin_Laden" class="mw-redirect" title="Death of Osama bin Laden">Death of Osama bin Laden</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pakistan%E2%80%93United_States_skirmishes" title="Pakistan–United States skirmishes">Pakistan–United States skirmishes</a></div> An initial investigation report revealed that the Pakistan Air Force (PAF) reported the movement of some half-a-dozen planes near the <a href="/wiki/Jalalabad" title="Jalalabad">Jalalabad</a> <a href="/wiki/Durand_Line" title="Durand Line">border</a> at 23:00 before <a href="/wiki/SEAL_Team_Six" title="SEAL Team Six">American helicopters</a> entered <a href="/wiki/Abbottabad" title="Abbottabad">Abbottabad</a> to kill <a href="/wiki/Osama_bin_Laden" title="Osama bin Laden">Osama bin Laden</a>. "One aircraft was identified as a US AWACS and the remaining five were recognized as <a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_F/A-18_Hornet" title="McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet">F/A-18</a> jets of the US. These planes flew near the Pakistani border, but did not cross into the airspace of Pakistan,"<a href="#cite_note-The_News:_Abbottabad_2011-56">[55]</a> On the detection of an intrusion, PAF jets on air defence alert were scrambled and the PAF immediately took adequate operational measures as per standard operating procedure. The PAF aircraft continued their presence in the <a href="/wiki/Osama_bin_Laden%27s_compound_in_Abbottabad" title="Osama bin Laden's compound in Abbottabad">Abbottabad area</a> until early morning and later returned to their air bases.<a href="#cite_note-57">[56]</a> However, the fact that so many non-stealth aircraft had entered Pakistani airspace, stayed for three hours to carry out a major operation, and that PAF jets only arrived at the location 24 minutes after the American helicopters had left made a senior PAF official term it "one of the most embarrassing incidents in Pakistan's history".<a href="#cite_note-58">[57]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Counter-insurgency_operations_in_North-West_Pakistan_(2001–2021)">Counter-insurgency operations in North-West Pakistan (2001–2021)</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/War_in_North-West_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="War in North-West Pakistan">War in North-West Pakistan</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PAF_Mirage_III_ROSE_hits_target_with_two_500_lb_bombs_at_Falcon_Air_Meet_2010.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/PAF_Mirage_III_ROSE_hits_target_with_two_500_lb_bombs_at_Falcon_Air_Meet_2010.jpg/220px-PAF_Mirage_III_ROSE_hits_target_with_two_500_lb_bombs_at_Falcon_Air_Meet_2010.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/PAF_Mirage_III_ROSE_hits_target_with_two_500_lb_bombs_at_Falcon_Air_Meet_2010.jpg/330px-PAF_Mirage_III_ROSE_hits_target_with_two_500_lb_bombs_at_Falcon_Air_Meet_2010.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/PAF_Mirage_III_ROSE_hits_target_with_two_500_lb_bombs_at_Falcon_Air_Meet_2010.jpg/440px-PAF_Mirage_III_ROSE_hits_target_with_two_500_lb_bombs_at_Falcon_Air_Meet_2010.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4256" data-file-height="2832" /></a><figcaption>Pakistan Air Force <a href="/wiki/Dassault_Mirage_III" title="Dassault Mirage III">Mirage III</a> aircraft drops two 500-pound bombs during Falcon Air Meet 2010 at <a href="/wiki/Azraq,_Jordan" title="Azraq, Jordan">Azraq</a> <a href="/wiki/Royal_Jordanian_Air_Force" title="Royal Jordanian Air Force">Royal Jordanian Air Base</a> in Azraq, <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a></figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Army" title="Pakistan Army">Pakistan Army</a> faced several problems during its <a href="/wiki/Operation_Black_Thunderstorm" title="Operation Black Thunderstorm">2009 offensive against the Taliban</a> in <a href="/wiki/Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" title="Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">North-West Pakistan</a>. Hundreds of thousands of <a href="/wiki/Pakistanis" title="Pakistanis">Pakistanis</a> vacated the area when the offensive was announced and, eventually, over two million had to be accommodated in <a href="/wiki/Refugee_camp" title="Refugee camp">refugee camps</a>. The offensive was to be completed as quickly as possible to allow the refugees to return to their homes but the <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Army_Aviation_Corps" title="Pakistan Army Aviation Corps">army's fleet attack helicopters</a> were insufficient to provide adequate support to infantry on the ground. The PAF was sent into action against the <a href="/wiki/Tehrik-i-Taliban_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan">Taliban</a> to make up for the lack of helicopter gunships. Because the PAF was trained and equipped to fight a <a href="/wiki/Conventional_warfare" title="Conventional warfare">conventional war</a>, a new "counter-terrorist doctrine" had to be improvised.<a href="#cite_note-Airpower_in_COIN_operations,_by_Ikram_Sehgal-59">[58]</a> The PAF's <a href="/wiki/Exercise_Saffron_Bandit" title="Exercise Saffron Bandit">Saffron Bandit</a> exercise focused on extensive training of combat personnel to undertake <a href="/wiki/Counter-insurgency" class="mw-redirect" title="Counter-insurgency">COIN</a> operations. New equipment was inducted to improve the PAF's joint intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (ISR) capabilities. A <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_C-130_Hercules" title="Lockheed C-130 Hercules">C-130</a> transport aircraft was indigenously modified for day/night ISR operations.<a href="#cite_note-Airpower_in_COIN_operations,_by_Ikram_Sehgal-59">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-60">[59]</a> Use of laser-guided bombs was increased to 80% of munitions used, as compared to 40% in the previous 1960s <a href="/wiki/Bajaur_Campaign" title="Bajaur Campaign">Bajaur campaign</a>. A small corps of ground spotters were trained and used by the PAF, in addition to Pakistan Army spotters, to identify high-value targets.<a href="#cite_note-Pakistan_Injects_Precision_into_Air_War_on_Taliban-61">[60]</a> Prior to the Pakistan Army's offensive into <a href="/wiki/South_Waziristan" class="mw-redirect" title="South Waziristan">South Waziristan</a>, the PAF attacked militant infrastructure with 500 lb and 2000 lb bombs.<a href="#cite_note-Pakistan_Injects_Precision_into_Air_War_on_Taliban-61">[60]</a> A number of civilian casualties occurred during PAF airstrikes on 10 April 2010 in the <a href="/wiki/Federally_Administered_Tribal_Areas" title="Federally Administered Tribal Areas">FATA tribal region</a>. According to sources from the Pakistani military, the first bombing was targeted at a gathering of militants in a compound. Locals who had quickly moved onto the scene of the first airstrike to recover the dead and wounded were then killed by a second airstrike. While there is no confirmed death toll, it is widely believed that at least 30 civilian deaths had occurred according to the military approximations, whereas a local official stated that at least 73 locals, including women and children, were killed.<a href="#cite_note-62">[61]</a> A six-member committee of tribal elders from the area tasked with finding the exact number of civilian casualties reported that 61 civilians were killed and 21 were wounded. This was not confirmed by <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Pakistan" title="Government of Pakistan">government</a> figures but Pakistan's then-Chief of the Army Staff, General <a href="/wiki/Ashfaq_Parvez_Kayani" title="Ashfaq Parvez Kayani">Ashfaq Kayani</a>, gave a public apology on 17 April.<a href="#cite_note-63">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-64">[63]</a> It is reported that <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a> and several other media correspondences were not allowed to take interviews from the injured.<a href="#cite_note-65">[64]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2019_Pakistan_airstrikes_in_Jammu_and_Kashmir">2019 Pakistan airstrikes in Jammu and Kashmir</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Operation_Swift_Retort" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Swift Retort">Operation Swift Retort</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:84606_General_Dynamics_F-16BM_11(MR)_39W_Pakistan_Air_Force_Konya_AFB_30.6.22_(52233200683).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/84606_General_Dynamics_F-16BM_11%28MR%29_39W_Pakistan_Air_Force_Konya_AFB_30.6.22_%2852233200683%29.jpg/220px-84606_General_Dynamics_F-16BM_11%28MR%29_39W_Pakistan_Air_Force_Konya_AFB_30.6.22_%2852233200683%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/84606_General_Dynamics_F-16BM_11%28MR%29_39W_Pakistan_Air_Force_Konya_AFB_30.6.22_%2852233200683%29.jpg/330px-84606_General_Dynamics_F-16BM_11%28MR%29_39W_Pakistan_Air_Force_Konya_AFB_30.6.22_%2852233200683%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/84606_General_Dynamics_F-16BM_11%28MR%29_39W_Pakistan_Air_Force_Konya_AFB_30.6.22_%2852233200683%29.jpg/440px-84606_General_Dynamics_F-16BM_11%28MR%29_39W_Pakistan_Air_Force_Konya_AFB_30.6.22_%2852233200683%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4803" data-file-height="3202" /></a><figcaption>The F-16BM (S. No. 84606) from the <a href="/wiki/No._11_Squadron_(Pakistan_Air_Force)" class="mw-redirect" title="No. 11 Squadron (Pakistan Air Force)">No. 11 Squadron "Arrows"</a> which shot down one of the Indian jets in 2019</figcaption></figure> Following the <a href="/wiki/2019_Pulwama_attack" title="2019 Pulwama attack">Pulwama attack</a> in <a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_(state)" title="Jammu and Kashmir (state)">Jammu and Kashmir</a>, India accused involvement of Pakistani hands in this incident. In response, India carried out <a href="/wiki/2019_Balakot_airstrike" title="2019 Balakot airstrike">airstrikes</a> in the vicinity of the town of <a href="/wiki/Balakot" title="Balakot">Balakot</a> in <a href="/wiki/Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" title="Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">Khyber Pakhtunkhwa</a> province,<a href="#cite_note-66">[65]</a> several miles inside the province's boundary with <a href="/wiki/Azad_Kashmir" title="Azad Kashmir">Pakistan-administered Kashmir</a>.<a href="#cite_note-67">[66]</a> Pakistan's military claimed that the Indian planes dropped their payload in an uninhabited wooded hilltop area near Balakot after being intercepted by PAF fighter jets.<a href="#cite_note-68">[67]</a> On 27 February 2019, when a standoff between India and Pakistan had begun, Pakistan claimed to have struck six targets near <a href="/wiki/Indian_Armed_Forces" title="Indian Armed Forces">Indian military</a> installations inside Indian Controlled Kashmir, which hit open spaces <a href="#cite_note-alj1-69">[68]</a> through a codenamed "Operation Swift Retort". Indian Air Force jets were scrambled to intercept the PAF jets inside Jammu and Kashmir. Following the interception, a fierce <a href="/wiki/Dogfight" title="Dogfight">dogfight</a> ensued and Pakistani aircraft shot down an Indian <a href="/wiki/Mikoyan-Gurevich_MiG-21" title="Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21">MiG-21</a>.<a href="#cite_note-alj1-69">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-70">[69]</a> Ten minutes before the 27 February airstrikes, an IAF <a href="/wiki/Mil_Mi-17" title="Mil Mi-17">Mi-17</a> helicopter was shot down by an Indian <a href="/w/index.php?title=Spyder_missile&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spyder missile (page does not exist)">Spyder missile</a>, having been mistaken for a PAF drone. This resulted in total loss of the aircraft and death of all on board: two pilots (squadron leaders Siddarth Vashista and Ninad Mandavgane), flight engineer Vishal Kumar Pandey, sergeant Vikrant Sehrawat, and corporals Deepak Pandey and Pankaj Kumars, and one civilian on the ground (Kifayat Hussain Gani).<a href="#cite_note-mint-71">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-72">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-73">[72]</a> In April 2023 IAF court martialled Group Captain Sumon Roy Chaudhry, second in command<a href="#cite_note-74">[73]</a> of <a href="/wiki/Srinagar_Airport" title="Srinagar Airport">Srinagar Air Force Station</a> at the time of the PAF strikes for negligence, and he was to be dismissed,<a href="#cite_note-75">[74]</a> however the dismissal was ruled ultra vires by the <a href="/wiki/High_Court_of_Punjab_and_Haryana" class="mw-redirect" title="High Court of Punjab and Haryana">High Court of Punjab and Haryana</a>, who set a date of 12 September 2023 for their hearing<a href="#cite_note-76">[75]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">needs update</a>] The pilots were posthumously awarded the <a href="/wiki/Vayu_Sena" class="mw-redirect" title="Vayu Sena">Vayu Sena</a> gallantry medal.<a href="#cite_note-mint-71">[70]</a> India stated that it had only lost a single aircraft (a MiG-21) while claiming to have shot down a Pakistani F-16.<a href="#cite_note-77">[76]</a> Pakistan rejected India's statement, stating that no F-16s were deployed.<a href="#cite_note-78">[77]</a> India also accepted loss of its Mi-17 helicopter in a friendly fire terming it as "a big mistake".<a href="#cite_note-79">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-80">[79]</a> Pakistan would later go on to accept that F-16s had been used, but maintained that none of them were shot down.<a href="#cite_note-81">[80]</a> Pakistan also claimed to have shot down a <a href="/wiki/Sukhoi_Su-30_MKI" class="mw-redirect" title="Sukhoi Su-30 MKI">Sukhoi Su-30 MKI</a>, a claim rejected by Indian authorities. <a href="/wiki/Wing_commander_(rank)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wing commander (rank)">Wing Commander</a> <a href="/wiki/Abhinandan_Varthaman" title="Abhinandan Varthaman">Abhinandan Varthaman</a>, who was piloting the MiG-21 Bison, was captured and arrested by the Pakistani military upon being shot down. He was held for two days before being released at the <a href="/wiki/Wagah" title="Wagah">Wagah</a>-<a href="/wiki/Attari" title="Attari">Attari</a> border crossing on 1 March.<a href="#cite_note-82">[81]</a> Initially, Pakistani military officials claimed to have had two pilots in custody, one of whom died while undergoing treatment, a claim which was later changed to having only Abhinandan in custody. This was taken to be evidence of a Pakistani pilot being shot down by some Indian sources.<a href="#cite_note-83">[82]</a> US count of PAF's F-16 fleet and various international military observers, refused to buy Indian claim of shooting down PAF's F-16.<a href="#cite_note-84">[83]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2022_Pakistani_airstrikes_in_Afghanistan">2022 Pakistani airstrikes in Afghanistan</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan%E2%80%93Pakistan_border_skirmishes" title="Afghanistan–Pakistan border skirmishes">Afghanistan–Pakistan border skirmishes</a> and <a href="/wiki/2022_Pakistani_airstrikes_in_Afghanistan" title="2022 Pakistani airstrikes in Afghanistan">2022 Pakistani airstrikes in Afghanistan</a></div> At least 47 people were killed and 22 injured in two airstrikes by Pakistani forces along the border with Afghanistan on 16 April 2022. The Taliban summoned Pakistan's ambassador in Kabul and registered their protest against the military airstrikes inside Afghanistan.<a href="#cite_note-85">[84]</a> These airstrikes mark the first known instance of a foreign country launching attack on Afghan soil since the establishment of <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Emirate_of_Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan">Islamic Emirate</a> in Afghanistan.<a href="#cite_note-Pakistan’s_Twin_Taliban_Problem-86">[85]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2024_Pakistani_airstrikes_in_Iran">2024 Pakistani airstrikes in Iran</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Operation_Marg_Bar_Sarmachar" title="Operation Marg Bar Sarmachar">Operation Marg Bar Sarmachar</a>, <a href="/wiki/2024_Iranian_missile_strikes_in_Pakistan" title="2024 Iranian missile strikes in Pakistan">2024 Iranian missile strikes in Pakistan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/2024_Iran-Pakistan_border_skirmishes" class="mw-redirect" title="2024 Iran-Pakistan border skirmishes">2024 Iran-Pakistan border skirmishes</a></div> At least 9 people were killed when Pakistan Air Force conducted retaliatory strikes, codenamed as <a href="/wiki/Operation_Marg_Bar_Sarmachar" title="Operation Marg Bar Sarmachar">Operation Marg Bar Sarmachar</a> on seven targets within Iranian <a href="/wiki/Sistan_and_Baluchestan_province" title="Sistan and Baluchestan province">Sistan-Balochistan province</a>. The attack came two days after a similar Iranian <a href="/wiki/2024_Iranian_missile_strikes_in_Pakistan" title="2024 Iranian missile strikes in Pakistan">missile strike inside Pakistani territory</a>. According to Iran, nine foreign nationals were killed in the attack. <a href="/wiki/Balochistan_Liberation_Army" title="Balochistan Liberation Army">Baloch Liberation Army</a>, one of the group targeted in the strikes, said that the strikes had targeted and killed its people. It was first strike on Iranian soil by any foreign power since the time of end of <a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Iraq_War" title="Iran–Iraq War">Iran–Iraq War</a> in 1988.<a href="#cite_note-87">[86]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2024_Pakistani_airstrikes_in_Afghanistan">2024 Pakistani airstrikes in Afghanistan</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2024_Afghanistan%E2%80%93Pakistan_skirmishes" title="2024 Afghanistan–Pakistan skirmishes">2024 Afghanistan–Pakistan skirmishes</a></div> On 18 March 2024, in response to the attack from Afghanistan, Pakistan Air Force carried out two intelligence based airstrikes on Afghanistan's eastern border provinces of <a href="/wiki/Khost_Province" title="Khost Province">Khost</a> and <a href="/wiki/Paktika_Province" title="Paktika Province">Paktika</a>. The Afghan government claim that Pakistan killed five women and three children.<a href="#cite_note-88">[87]</a> Pakistan denies this, claiming that it killed terrorists instead while targeting the <a href="/wiki/Hafiz_Gul_Bahadur" title="Hafiz Gul Bahadur">Hafiz Gul Bahadur</a> militant group, a splinter organization of the <a href="/wiki/Pakistani_Taliban" title="Pakistani Taliban">Pakistani Taliban</a>, and that it had successfully killed Sehra alias Janan, a high-value target (HVT) commander. Another commander, Abdullah Mehsud, was claimed to have been killed, but later released a video refuting the claim.<a href="#cite_note-89">[88]</a> It was also reported that Mehsud's house was targeted in which his wife and a minor son was killed. Pakistan went on to blame the Pakistani Taliban and its splinter militias for the deaths of hundreds of Pakistani civilians, and claimed that they used Afghanistan as a base and that they had support from within the Taliban.<a href="#cite_note-90">[89]</a> These airstrikes mark the second instance of attack by Pakistan on the sovereign soil of Afghanistan in a period less than two years. The first similar Pakistani airstrikes on Afghan soil came in 2022.<a href="#cite_note-Pakistan’s_Twin_Taliban_Problem-86">[85]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structure">Structure</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Headquarters">Headquarters</h3></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_Headquarters_(Pakistan)" title="Air Headquarters (Pakistan)">Air Headquarters (AHQ)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Islamabad" title="Islamabad">Islamabad</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Commands">Commands</h3></div> <ul><li>Northern Air Command (NAC), <a href="/wiki/Peshawar" title="Peshawar">Peshawar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Air_Command_(Pakistan)" title="Central Air Command (Pakistan)">Central Air Command (CAC)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sargodha" title="Sargodha">Sargodha</a></li> <li>Southern Air Command (SAC), <a href="/wiki/Karachi" title="Karachi">Karachi</a></li> <li>Air Defence Command (ADC), <a href="/wiki/Rawalpindi" title="Rawalpindi">Rawalpindi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Strategic_Command_(Pakistan)" title="Air Force Strategic Command (Pakistan)">Air Force Strategic Command</a> (AFSC), <a href="/wiki/Islamabad" title="Islamabad">Islamabad</a></li> <li>PAF Cyber Command (PAFCC), <a href="/wiki/Islamabad" title="Islamabad">Islamabad</a></li> <li>PAF Space Command (PAFSC), <a href="/wiki/Islamabad" title="Islamabad">Islamabad</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Training_establishments">Training establishments</h3></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Air_Force_Academy" title="Pakistan Air Force Academy">Pakistan Air Force Academy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Risalpur" title="Risalpur">Risalpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat_Commanders%27_School" title="Combat Commanders' School">Combat Commanders' School</a> (CCS), Sargodha</li> <li><a href="/wiki/PAF_Airpower_Centre_of_Excellence" title="PAF Airpower Centre of Excellence">PAF Airpower Centre of Excellence</a> (PAF ACE), Sargodha</li> <li><a href="/wiki/PAF_Air_War_College" title="PAF Air War College">PAF Air War College</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karachi" title="Karachi">Karachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_University_Pakistan" title="Air University Pakistan">Air University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Islamabad" title="Islamabad">Islamabad</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Weapons_production_establishments">Weapons production establishments</h3></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Aeronautical_Complex" title="Pakistan Aeronautical Complex">Pakistan Aeronautical Complex</a> (PAC), <a href="/wiki/Kamra,_Pakistan" title="Kamra, Pakistan">Kamra</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Weapons_Complex" title="Air Weapons Complex">Air Weapons Complex</a> (AWC), <a href="/wiki/Wah_Cantonment" title="Wah Cantonment">Wah Cantonment</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bases">Bases</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Pakistan_Air_Force_bases" title="List of Pakistan Air Force bases">List of Pakistan Air Force bases</a></div> The PAF has 27 airbases of which 19 are flying bases and 8 are non-flying bases. Flying bases are operational bases from which aircraft operate during both peacetime and wartime; whereas non-flying bases conduct either training, administration, maintenance, air defence operations, or mission support.<a href="#cite_note-PAF-91">[90]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Flying_bases">Flying bases</h4></div> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/PAF_Base_Mushaf" title="PAF Base Mushaf">PAF Base Mushaf</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sargodha" title="Sargodha">Sargodha</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/PAF_Base_Bholari" title="PAF Base Bholari">PAF Base Bholari</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bholari" title="Bholari">Bholari</a>) <a href="/wiki/Jamshoro_District" title="Jamshoro District">Jamshoro District</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sindh" title="Sindh">Sindh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PAF_Base_Masroor" title="PAF Base Masroor">PAF Base Masroor</a> (<a href="/wiki/Karachi" title="Karachi">Karachi</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/PAF_Base_Rafiqui" title="PAF Base Rafiqui">PAF Base Rafiqui</a> (<a href="/wiki/Shorkot" title="Shorkot">Shorkot</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/PAF_Base_Peshawar" title="PAF Base Peshawar">PAF Base Peshawar</a> (Peshawar)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/PAF_Base_Murid" title="PAF Base Murid">PAF Base Murid</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chakwal" title="Chakwal">Chakwal</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/PAF_Base_Samungli" title="PAF Base Samungli">PAF Base Samungli</a> (<a href="/wiki/Quetta" title="Quetta">Quetta</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/PAF_Base_M.M._Alam" title="PAF Base M.M. Alam">PAF Base M.M. Alam</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mianwali" title="Mianwali">Mianwali</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/PAF_Base_Minhas" title="PAF Base Minhas">PAF Base Minhas</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kamra,_Pakistan" title="Kamra, Pakistan">Kamra</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/PAF_Base_Nur_Khan" title="PAF Base Nur Khan">PAF Base Nur Khan</a> (Rawalpindi)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/PAF_Base_Faisal" title="PAF Base Faisal">PAF Base Faisal</a> (Karachi)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Air_Force_Academy" title="Pakistan Air Force Academy">PAF Base Risalpur (Pakistan Air Force Academy)</a> (<a href="/wiki/Risalpur" title="Risalpur">Risalpur</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/PAF_Base_Shahbaz" title="PAF Base Shahbaz">PAF Base Shahbaz</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jacobabad" title="Jacobabad">Jacobabad</a>)</li> <li>PAF Base Farid (Rajanpur)</li> <li>PAF Base Vehari (Vehari)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/PAF_Base_Qadri" title="PAF Base Qadri">PAF Base Qadri</a> (<a href="/wiki/Skardu,_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Skardu, Pakistan">Skardu</a>)</li> <li>PAF Base Sindhri (Mirpur Khas)</li> <li>PAF Base Talhar (Badin)</li> <li>PAF Base Multan (<a href="/wiki/Multan,_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Multan, Pakistan">Multan</a>)</li></ol> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Non-flying_bases">Non-flying bases</h4></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PAF_Base_Korangi_Creek" class="mw-redirect" title="PAF Base Korangi Creek">PAF Base Korangi Creek</a> (Karachi)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/PAF_Base_Malir" title="PAF Base Malir">PAF Base Malir</a> (Karachi)</li> <li>PAF Base Lower Topa (<a href="/wiki/Murree" title="Murree">Murree</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/PAF_Base_Kallar_Kahar" class="mw-redirect" title="PAF Base Kallar Kahar">PAF Base Kallar Kahar</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kallar_Kahar" title="Kallar Kahar">Kallar Kahar</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/PAF_Base_Kohat" title="PAF Base Kohat">PAF Base Kohat</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kohat" title="Kohat">Kohat</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/PAF_Base_Lahore" title="PAF Base Lahore">PAF Base Lahore</a> (Lahore)</li> <li>PAF Base Sakesar (<a href="/wiki/Sakesar" title="Sakesar">Sakesar</a>)</li> <li>PAF Base Kalabagh (<a href="/wiki/Nathia_Gali" title="Nathia Gali">Nathia Gali</a>)</li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Squadrons">Squadrons</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Pakistan_Air_Force_squadrons" title="List of Pakistan Air Force squadrons">List of Pakistan Air Force squadrons</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rank_structure">Rank structure</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Ranks_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Air Force Ranks of Pakistan">Air Force Ranks of Pakistan</a></div> <dl><dt>Structure of <a href="/wiki/Officer_(armed_forces)" title="Officer (armed forces)">commissioned officer</a> ranks:</dt></dl> <table style="border:1px solid #8888aa; background-color:#f7f8ff; padding:5px; font-size:95%; margin: 0px 12px 12px 0px;"> <tbody><tr style="background-color:#CCCCCC; width: 100%"> <th>Rank group </th> <th colspan="10">General/Flag/Air officers </th> <th colspan="6">Senior officers </th> <th colspan="8">Junior officers </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td rowspan="3"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Air_Force_Ensign_of_Pakistan.svg/23px-Air_Force_Ensign_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Air_Force_Ensign_of_Pakistan.svg/35px-Air_Force_Ensign_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Pak-air-force-OF-2.svg/50px-Pak-air-force-OF-2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Pak-air-force-OF-2.svg/75px-Pak-air-force-OF-2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Pak-air-force-OF-2.svg/100px-Pak-air-force-OF-2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="301" data-file-height="550" /></a> </td> <td colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/File:Pak-air-force-OF-1b.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Pak-air-force-OF-1b.svg/50px-Pak-air-force-OF-1b.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Pak-air-force-OF-1b.svg/75px-Pak-air-force-OF-1b.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Pak-air-force-OF-1b.svg/100px-Pak-air-force-OF-1b.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="301" data-file-height="550" /></a> </td> <td colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/File:Pak-air-force-OF-1a.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Pak-air-force-OF-1a.svg/50px-Pak-air-force-OF-1a.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Pak-air-force-OF-1a.svg/75px-Pak-air-force-OF-1a.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Pak-air-force-OF-1a.svg/100px-Pak-air-force-OF-1a.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="301" data-file-height="550" /></a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Marshal_of_the_air_force" title="Marshal of the air force">Marshal of the Pakistan Air Force</a> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Air_chief_marshal_(Pakistan)" title="Air chief marshal (Pakistan)">Air chief marshal</a> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Air_marshal_(Pakistan)" title="Air marshal (Pakistan)">Air marshal</a> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Air_vice_marshal" class="mw-redirect" title="Air vice marshal">Air vice marshal</a> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Air_commodore" title="Air commodore">Air commodore</a> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Group_captain" title="Group captain">Group captain</a> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Wing_commander_(rank)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wing commander (rank)">Wing commander</a> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Squadron_leader" title="Squadron leader">Squadron leader</a> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Flight_lieutenant" title="Flight lieutenant">Flight lieutenant</a> </td> <td colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Flying_officer" title="Flying officer">Flying officer</a> </td> <td colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Pilot_officer" title="Pilot officer">Pilot officer</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td colspan="2">سالار فضائیہ </td> <td colspan="2">امیرسالار فضائیہ </td> <td colspan="2">سالار فضائیہ </td> <td colspan="2">سالار فضائیہ مقابل </td> <td colspan="2">عَمِيد الفضاء </td> <td colspan="2">سردار جماعت </td> <td colspan="2">شارف الجناح </td> <td colspan="2">قائدِ دستہ </td> <td colspan="2">نقیبِ پرواز </td> <td colspan="3">منصبِ طیار </td> <td colspan="3"> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td>Abbreviation </td> <td colspan="2">MAF </td> <td colspan="2">ACM </td> <td colspan="2">AM </td> <td colspan="2">AVM </td> <td colspan="2">Air Cdre </td> <td colspan="2">Gp Capt </td> <td colspan="2">Wg Cdr </td> <td colspan="2">Sqn Ldr </td> <td colspan="2">Ft Lt </td> <td colspan="3">F Off </td> <td colspan="3">P Off </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center; background:#ccc;"> <td>Pay grade </td> <td colspan="2">O-11 </td> <td colspan="2">O-10 </td> <td colspan="2">O-9 </td> <td colspan="2">O-8 </td> <td colspan="2">O-7 </td> <td colspan="2">O-6 </td> <td colspan="2">O-5 </td> <td colspan="2">O-4 </td> <td colspan="2">O-3 </td> <td colspan="3">O-2 </td> <td colspan="3">O-1 </td></tr></tbody></table> <dl><dt>Structure of <a href="/wiki/Enlisted_rank" title="Enlisted rank">enlisted</a> ranks:</dt></dl> <table style="border:1px solid #8888aa; background-color:#f7f8ff; padding:5px; font-size:95%; margin: 0px 12px 12px 0px;"> <tbody><tr style="color:inherit; background-color:#CCCCCC; text-align:center; width: 100%"> <th>Rank group </th> <th colspan="22">Senior NCOs </th> <th colspan="6">Junior NCOs </th> <th colspan="8">Enlisted </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td rowspan="2"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Air_Force_Ensign_of_Pakistan.svg/23px-Air_Force_Ensign_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Air_Force_Ensign_of_Pakistan.svg/35px-Air_Force_Ensign_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Air_Force_Ensign_of_Pakistan.svg/45px-Air_Force_Ensign_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pakistan Air Force</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul class="navbar-brackets"><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ranks_and_Insignia_of_Non_NATO_Air_Forces/OR/Pakistan" title="Template:Ranks and Insignia of Non NATO Air Forces/OR/Pakistan"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ranks_and_Insignia_of_Non_NATO_Air_Forces/OR/Pakistan" title="Template talk:Ranks and Insignia of Non NATO Air Forces/OR/Pakistan"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ranks_and_Insignia_of_Non_NATO_Air_Forces/OR/Pakistan" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ranks and Insignia of Non NATO Air Forces/OR/Pakistan"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div> </td> <td colspan="6"><a href="/wiki/File:PAK-CWO.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/PAK-CWO.svg/50px-PAK-CWO.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/PAK-CWO.svg/75px-PAK-CWO.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/PAK-CWO.svg/100px-PAK-CWO.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="395" data-file-height="695" /></a> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/File:PAK-WO.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/PAK-WO.svg/50px-PAK-WO.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/PAK-WO.svg/75px-PAK-WO.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/PAK-WO.svg/100px-PAK-WO.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="395" data-file-height="695" /></a> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/File:PAK-AWO.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/PAK-AWO.svg/50px-PAK-AWO.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/PAK-AWO.svg/75px-PAK-AWO.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/PAK-AWO.svg/100px-PAK-AWO.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="395" data-file-height="695" /></a> </td> <td colspan="6"><a href="/wiki/File:Pak-air-force-OR-6.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Pak-air-force-OR-6.svg/50px-Pak-air-force-OR-6.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Pak-air-force-OR-6.svg/75px-Pak-air-force-OR-6.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Pak-air-force-OR-6.svg/100px-Pak-air-force-OR-6.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="305" data-file-height="305" /></a> </td> <td colspan="6" rowspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="4"><a href="/wiki/File:Pak-air-force-OR-5.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Pak-air-force-OR-5.svg/50px-Pak-air-force-OR-5.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Pak-air-force-OR-5.svg/75px-Pak-air-force-OR-5.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Pak-air-force-OR-5.svg/100px-Pak-air-force-OR-5.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="305" data-file-height="305" /></a> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/File:Pak-air-force-OR-3.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Pak-air-force-OR-3.svg/50px-Pak-air-force-OR-3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Pak-air-force-OR-3.svg/75px-Pak-air-force-OR-3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Pak-air-force-OR-3.svg/100px-Pak-air-force-OR-3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="305" data-file-height="305" /></a> </td> <td colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/File:Pak-air-force-OR-2b.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Pak-air-force-OR-2b.svg/50px-Pak-air-force-OR-2b.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Pak-air-force-OR-2b.svg/75px-Pak-air-force-OR-2b.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Pak-air-force-OR-2b.svg/100px-Pak-air-force-OR-2b.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="305" data-file-height="305" /></a> </td> <td colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/File:Pak-air-force-OR-2a.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Pak-air-force-OR-2a.svg/50px-Pak-air-force-OR-2a.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Pak-air-force-OR-2a.svg/75px-Pak-air-force-OR-2a.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Pak-air-force-OR-2a.svg/100px-Pak-air-force-OR-2a.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="305" data-file-height="305" /></a> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/File:Pak-air-force-OR-1.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Pak-air-force-OR-1.svg/50px-Pak-air-force-OR-1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Pak-air-force-OR-1.svg/75px-Pak-air-force-OR-1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Pak-air-force-OR-1.svg/100px-Pak-air-force-OR-1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="305" data-file-height="305" /></a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td colspan="6"><a href="/wiki/Chief_warrant_officer" title="Chief warrant officer">Chief warrant officer</a> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Warrant_officer" title="Warrant officer">Warrant officer</a> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Assistant_warrant_officer" title="Assistant warrant officer">Assistant warrant officer</a> </td> <td colspan="6"><a href="/wiki/Senior_technician" title="Senior technician">Senior technician</a> </td> <td colspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Corporal_technician" title="Corporal technician">Corporal technician</a> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Junior_technician" title="Junior technician">Junior technician</a> </td> <td colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Senior_aircraftman" title="Senior aircraftman">Senior aircraftman</a> </td> <td colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Leading_aircraftman" title="Leading aircraftman">Leading aircraftman</a> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Aircraftman" title="Aircraftman">Aircraftman</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td>Abbreviation </td> <td colspan="6">CWO </td> <td colspan="2">WO </td> <td colspan="2">AWO </td> <td colspan="6">Snr Tech </td> <td colspan="6">– </td> <td colspan="4">Cpl Tech </td> <td colspan="2">Jnr Tech </td> <td colspan="3">SAC </td> <td colspan="3">LAC </td> <td colspan="2">AC </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center; background:#ccc;"> <td>Pay grade </td> <td colspan="6">OR-9 </td> <td colspan="2">OR-8 </td> <td colspan="2">OR-7 </td> <td colspan="6">OR-6 </td> <td colspan="6">– </td> <td colspan="4">OR-4 </td> <td colspan="2">OR-3 </td> <td colspan="3">OR-2 </td> <td colspan="3">OR-2 </td> <td colspan="2">OR-1 </td></tr></tbody></table> <dl><dt>Civilian occupations</dt></dl> <ul><li>Gazetted Officer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steganography" title="Steganography">Steganographer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stenotypist" class="mw-redirect" title="Stenotypist">Stenotypist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warehouseman" title="Warehouseman">Warehouse and Factory Personnel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clerk" title="Clerk">Clerk</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Special_forces">Special forces</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Special_Services_Wing" title="Special Services Wing">Special Services Wing</a></div> The Pakistan Air Force's <a href="/wiki/Special_Services_Wing" title="Special Services Wing">Special Services Wing (SSW)</a> is the branch's elite <a href="/wiki/Special_operations" title="Special operations">special operations</a> fighting force. Originally coming into existence following the <a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1965" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Pakistani War of 1965">Indo-Pakistani War of 1965</a>, the SSW is heavily modelled off of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">United States Air Force</a>'s <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Air_Force_special_tactics_squadrons" title="List of United States Air Force special tactics squadrons">Special Tactics Squadrons</a> with some elements inspired by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Rangers" title="United States Army Rangers">United States Army Rangers</a>. The unit remained active but saw little prioritization by the <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Armed_Forces" title="Pakistan Armed Forces">Pakistani military</a> until after the <a href="/wiki/Kargil_War" title="Kargil War">Kargil War</a>. In late 1999, the SSW was largely revived and restructured for active service and is currently fielding around 1,200 troops.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Women_in_the_Pakistan_Air_Force">Women in the Pakistan Air Force</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_Pakistan_Armed_Forces" title="Women in the Pakistan Armed Forces">Women in the Pakistan Armed Forces</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religious_minorities_in_the_Pakistan_Air_Force">Religious minorities in the Pakistan Air Force</h3></div> Since its inception, religious minorities have been free to pursue careers within the Pakistan Armed Forces, with the exception of <a href="/wiki/Hindus" title="Hindus">Hindus</a> until 2001. Following its involvement in the global <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">U.S.</a>-led <a href="/wiki/War_on_terror" title="War on terror">War on Terror</a>, Pakistan released the Hindu minority in the country from the discriminatory law and granted them the same freedoms that were already present for their <a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">Christian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sikhs" title="Sikhs">Sikh</a> and other various <a href="/wiki/Religious_Minorities_in_Pakistan" title="Religious Minorities in Pakistan">counterparts</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:2-92">[91]</a> Some notable religious minority figures in the Pakistan Air Force include: Air Vice Marshal <a href="/wiki/Eric_G._Hall" title="Eric G. Hall">Eric Gordon Hall</a>, a Christian who served as the <a href="/wiki/Base_commander" title="Base commander">Base Commander</a> of <a href="/wiki/PAF_Base_Nur_Khan" title="PAF Base Nur Khan">Chaklala Air Base</a> during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965. Air Commodore <a href="/wiki/Nazir_Latif" title="Nazir Latif">Nazir Latif</a> and Group Captain <a href="/wiki/Cecil_Chaudhry" title="Cecil Chaudhry">Cecil Chaudhry</a> (both Christians) fought in the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 and later helped establish the <a href="/wiki/Combat_Commanders_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Combat Commanders School">Combat Commanders School</a> (CCS). <a href="/wiki/Wing_commander_(rank)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wing commander (rank)">Wing Commander</a> <a href="/wiki/Mervyn_Middlecoat" title="Mervyn Middlecoat">Melvin Leslie Middlecoat</a> was the Commanding Officer of No. 9 Squadron during the 1965 war, he and Squadron Leader <a href="/wiki/Peter_Christy" title="Peter Christy">Peter Christy</a> fought and were KIA in the <a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1971" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Pakistani War of 1971">Indo-Pakistani War of 1971</a>. <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Desmond_Callaghan" title="Patrick Desmond Callaghan">Patrick Desmond Callaghan</a> was another Christian officer who rose to the rank of Air Vice Marshal.<a href="#cite_note-93">[92]</a> Wing Commander Ronald Felix has been a notable Christian pilot known for being the first to fly the jointly-built <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">Chinese</a> and Pakistani <a href="/wiki/PAC/CAC_JF-17_Thunder" class="mw-redirect" title="PAC/CAC JF-17 Thunder">JF-17 Thunder</a> fighter jet since 2010 and was one of two PAF pilots flying the JF-17 at the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.flying-wings.com/2011/izmir-airshow-turkiye">2011 Izmir Air Show</a> in <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>. In 2020, the Pakistan Air Force recruited Rahul Dev, a Hindu from <a href="/wiki/Tharparkar" title="Tharparkar">Tharparkar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sindh" title="Sindh">Sindh</a> in a major breakthrough for the <a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_Pakistan" title="Hinduism in Pakistan">Hindu minority</a> from this remote distant area of <a href="/wiki/Tharparkar" title="Tharparkar">Sindh</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:2-92">[91]</a><a href="#cite_note-94">[93]</a><a href="#cite_note-95">[94]</a> He was commissioned as a <a href="/wiki/Pilot_officer" title="Pilot officer">general duty pilot officer</a> on 6 May 2020.<a href="#cite_note-Express_Tribune-96">[95]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Equipment">Equipment</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_equipment_of_the_Pakistan_Air_Force" title="List of equipment of the Pakistan Air Force">List of equipment of the Pakistan Air Force</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pakistan_Air_Force_Chengdu_JF-17_Gu.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Pakistan_Air_Force_Chengdu_JF-17_Gu.jpg/220px-Pakistan_Air_Force_Chengdu_JF-17_Gu.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Pakistan_Air_Force_Chengdu_JF-17_Gu.jpg/330px-Pakistan_Air_Force_Chengdu_JF-17_Gu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Pakistan_Air_Force_Chengdu_JF-17_Gu.jpg/440px-Pakistan_Air_Force_Chengdu_JF-17_Gu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="681" /></a><figcaption>A PAC JF-17 taking off from <a href="/wiki/Zhuhai_Jinwan_Airport" title="Zhuhai Jinwan Airport">Zhuhai Jinwan Airport</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pakistan_Air_Force_General_Dynamics_F-16BM_Fighting_Falcon_(altered).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Pakistan_Air_Force_General_Dynamics_F-16BM_Fighting_Falcon_%28altered%29.jpg/220px-Pakistan_Air_Force_General_Dynamics_F-16BM_Fighting_Falcon_%28altered%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Pakistan_Air_Force_General_Dynamics_F-16BM_Fighting_Falcon_%28altered%29.jpg/330px-Pakistan_Air_Force_General_Dynamics_F-16BM_Fighting_Falcon_%28altered%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Pakistan_Air_Force_General_Dynamics_F-16BM_Fighting_Falcon_%28altered%29.jpg/440px-Pakistan_Air_Force_General_Dynamics_F-16BM_Fighting_Falcon_%28altered%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1190" data-file-height="683" /></a><figcaption>A Pakistani F-16BM in flight</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lockheed_L-100_Hercules_(L-382B),_Pakistan_-_Air_Force_AN1084290.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Lockheed_L-100_Hercules_%28L-382B%29%2C_Pakistan_-_Air_Force_AN1084290.jpg/220px-Lockheed_L-100_Hercules_%28L-382B%29%2C_Pakistan_-_Air_Force_AN1084290.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Lockheed_L-100_Hercules_%28L-382B%29%2C_Pakistan_-_Air_Force_AN1084290.jpg/330px-Lockheed_L-100_Hercules_%28L-382B%29%2C_Pakistan_-_Air_Force_AN1084290.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Lockheed_L-100_Hercules_%28L-382B%29%2C_Pakistan_-_Air_Force_AN1084290.jpg/440px-Lockheed_L-100_Hercules_%28L-382B%29%2C_Pakistan_-_Air_Force_AN1084290.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>A Lockheed L-100 Hercules departing <a href="/wiki/RIAT" class="mw-redirect" title="RIAT">RIAT</a> 2006</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ilyushin_Il-78_(R11-004).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Ilyushin_Il-78_%28R11-004%29.jpg/220px-Ilyushin_Il-78_%28R11-004%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Ilyushin_Il-78_%28R11-004%29.jpg/330px-Ilyushin_Il-78_%28R11-004%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Ilyushin_Il-78_%28R11-004%29.jpg/440px-Ilyushin_Il-78_%28R11-004%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="683" /></a><figcaption>A Ilyushin Il-78 over <a href="/wiki/Pisa_International_Airport" title="Pisa International Airport">Pisa International</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pakistan_airforce_K8.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Pakistan_airforce_K8.jpg/220px-Pakistan_airforce_K8.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Pakistan_airforce_K8.jpg/330px-Pakistan_airforce_K8.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Pakistan_airforce_K8.jpg/440px-Pakistan_airforce_K8.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="933" /></a><figcaption>A Pakistani <a href="/wiki/Hongdu_JL-8" title="Hongdu JL-8">Hongdu JL-8</a> trainer</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Combat_aircraft">Combat aircraft</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_active_Pakistan_Air_Force_aircraft" title="List of active Pakistan Air Force aircraft">List of active Pakistan Air Force aircraft</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_retired_Pakistan_Air_Force_aircraft" title="List of retired Pakistan Air Force aircraft">List of retired Pakistan Air Force aircraft</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pakistani_Chengdu_J-7.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Pakistani_Chengdu_J-7.JPG/220px-Pakistani_Chengdu_J-7.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Pakistani_Chengdu_J-7.JPG/330px-Pakistani_Chengdu_J-7.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Pakistani_Chengdu_J-7.JPG/440px-Pakistani_Chengdu_J-7.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3100" data-file-height="1900" /></a><figcaption>PAF <a href="/wiki/Chengdu_J-7" title="Chengdu J-7">Chengdu F-7PG</a> in flight.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chengdu_J-10" title="Chengdu J-10">Chengdu J-10C</a>: The J-10C is a <a href="/wiki/Multirole_combat_aircraft" title="Multirole combat aircraft">multirole combat aircraft</a>. The PAF have ordered at least 25 aircraft on June 25, 2021 with the number is expected to rise to at least 36.<a href="#cite_note-97">[96]</a> In March 2022, the initial batches of J-10s began to arrive in Pakistan, with at least 12 aircraft in operation in September 2022.<a href="#cite_note-98">[97]</a><a href="#cite_note-99">[98]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PAC/CAC_JF-17_Thunder" class="mw-redirect" title="PAC/CAC JF-17 Thunder">PAC/CAC JF-17 Thunder</a>: A <a href="/wiki/Multirole_combat_aircraft" title="Multirole combat aircraft">multirole combat aircraft</a> produced by <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> with <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">Chinese</a> assistance, the JF-17 was developed to replace Pakistan's aging fleets of <a href="/wiki/Nanchang_Q-5" title="Nanchang Q-5">A-5C</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chengdu_J-7" title="Chengdu J-7">F-7P/PG</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dassault_Mirage_III" title="Dassault Mirage III">Mirage III</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Dassault_Mirage_5" title="Dassault Mirage 5">Mirage 5</a> aircraft. Currently, 149 JF-17s are in active service with the PAF, comprising 47 JF-17A Block 1, 62 JF-17A Block 2, and 25 JF-17B Block 2 variants.<a href="#cite_note-100">[99]</a> A further 50 aircraft of the Block III model, incorporating advanced <a href="/wiki/Avionics" title="Avionics">avionics</a> systems and a new <a href="/wiki/Active_electronically_scanned_array" title="Active electronically scanned array">AESA radar</a>, are expected to be produced. In addition the PAF is also expected to order 26 of the two-seat JF-17B variant.<a href="#cite_note-101">[100]</a> The JF-17 is set to become the "backbone" of the PAF alongside its fleet of <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">American</a> F-16s.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Dynamics_F-16_Fighting_Falcon" title="General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon">General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon</a>: The F-16 Fighting Falcon currently serves as the primary air fighter of the Pakistan Air Force (PAF) in addition to its ground attack capabilities. The PAF currently has ~75 F-16s in active service, comprising 44 F-16AM/BM Block 15 MLU,<a href="#cite_note-102">[101]</a><a href="#cite_note-103">[102]</a><a href="#cite_note-104">[103]</a> 13 F-16A/B ADF<a href="#cite_note-105">[104]</a><a href="#cite_note-106">[105]</a> and 18 F-16C/D Block 52+ variants.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated22-107">[106]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dassault_Mirage_III" title="Dassault Mirage III">Dassault Mirage III</a>: Having been in service since 1967, the Mirage III, together with the Mirage 5, serves as the primary strike aircraft of the PAF. The PAF operates more than 80 Mirage III aircraft, comprising multiple variants including the Mirage IIIEP, IIIEL and IIIO fighter-bomber variants, the latter of which have been upgraded under <a href="/wiki/Project_ROSE" title="Project ROSE">Project ROSE</a>, the Mirage IIIRP reconnaissance variant and the Mirage IIIBE, IIID, IIIDL and IIIDP training variants, the latter of which have also been upgraded under <a href="/wiki/Project_ROSE" title="Project ROSE">Project ROSE</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:02-108">[107]</a><a href="#cite_note-:12-109">[108]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dassault_Mirage_5" title="Dassault Mirage 5">Dassault Mirage 5</a>: The Mirage 5, together with the Mirage III, serves as the PAF's primary strike aircraft. The PAF operates around 90 Mirage 5 aircraft of multiple variants, including Mirage 5PA, PA2, PA3 and 5F ground attack aircraft, the latter of which have been upgraded under <a href="/wiki/Project_ROSE" title="Project ROSE">Project ROSE</a>, the Mirage 5DR reconnaissance variant and the Mirage 5DD and DPA2 training variants.<a href="#cite_note-:02-108">[107]</a><a href="#cite_note-:12-109">[108]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chengdu_J-7" title="Chengdu J-7">Chengdu F-7PG</a>: The Chengdu F-7 serves primarily as an <a href="/wiki/Interceptor_aircraft" title="Interceptor aircraft">interceptor</a>, and around 140 aircraft are in service.<a href="#cite_note-World_Air_Forces_20202-110">[109]</a> The PAF has phased out its F-7P aircraft from active service, replaced by the JF-17 Thunder. The F-7PG variant remains the primary variant to remain in service with the PAF, while the two seat FT-7PG variant is in use as operational conversion trainer.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Special_mission_aircraft">Special mission aircraft</h3></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saab_2000" title="Saab 2000">Saab 2000</a>: The PAF has been operating the Saab 2000 using the <a href="/wiki/Erieye" title="Erieye">Erieye</a> radar as its primary <a href="/wiki/Airborne_early_warning_and_control" title="Airborne early warning and control">AEW&C</a> platform since 2009. Out of the original four Saab 2000 in service, one was destroyed and two were damaged in a <a href="/wiki/Tehrik-i-Taliban_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan">Taliban</a> attack on <a href="/wiki/PAF_Base_Minhas" title="PAF Base Minhas">PAF Base Minhas</a> in August 2012. The damaged aircraft were subsequently repaired and put back into service. The PAF had ordered three more Erieye AEW&C aircraft from Saab with the first batch having been delivered in 2017.<a href="#cite_note-111">[110]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">needs update</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaanxi_Y-8" title="Shaanxi Y-8">Shaanxi Y-8</a>: Four ZDK-03 variants, locally designated the <a href="/wiki/Karakoram" title="Karakoram">Karakoram</a> Eagle, are in service. They incorporate a Chinese AESA radar mounted on a Y-8F-600 airframe.<a href="#cite_note-112">[111]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dassault_Falcon_20" title="Dassault Falcon 20">Dassault Falcon 20</a>: The PAF operates three modified Dassault Falcon 20 aircraft with a primary role in <a href="/wiki/Electronic_warfare" title="Electronic warfare">electronic warfare</a>.</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Saab_2000_Erieye.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Saab_2000_Erieye.jpg/220px-Saab_2000_Erieye.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Saab_2000_Erieye.jpg/330px-Saab_2000_Erieye.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Saab_2000_Erieye.jpg/440px-Saab_2000_Erieye.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Saab_2000" title="Saab 2000">Saab 2000</a> <a href="/wiki/Erieye" title="Erieye">ERIEYE</a> <a href="/wiki/Airborne_early_warning_and_control" title="Airborne early warning and control">AEW&C</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transport_aircraft">Transport aircraft</h3></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_C-130_Hercules" title="Lockheed C-130 Hercules">Lockheed C-130 Hercules</a>: The <a href="/wiki/C-130_Hercules" class="mw-redirect" title="C-130 Hercules">C-130 Hercules</a> has served as the backbone of the PAF's transport fleet since its induction in 1962. 15 aircraft, five C-130Bs, nine C-130Es and one <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_L-100_Hercules" title="Lockheed L-100 Hercules">L-100</a>, are currently in service. PAF C-130s have been upgraded with <a href="/wiki/Allison_T56" title="Allison T56">Allison T56-A-15</a> <a href="/wiki/Turboprop" title="Turboprop">turboprops</a> and extended fatigue lives.<a href="#cite_note-113">[112]</a><a href="#cite_note-114">[113]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harbin_Y-12" title="Harbin Y-12">Harbin Y-12</a>: Three Harbin Y-12 are operated as light <a href="/wiki/Utility_aircraft" title="Utility aircraft">utility aircraft</a> by the PAF.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulfstream_IV" title="Gulfstream IV">Gulfsteam IV</a>: The PAF currently operates two Gulfstream IV-SP variants.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embraer_Phenom_100" title="Embraer Phenom 100">Embraer Phenom 100</a>: Approximately four of these aircraft are in service with the PAF for transportation purposes.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cessna_Citation_Excel" title="Cessna Citation Excel">Cessna Citation Excel</a>: Currently, only one of these aircraft are used by the PAF. <a href="/wiki/Ilyushin_Il-78" title="Ilyushin Il-78">Ilyushin Il-78</a>: The PAF operates four Il-78MPs. The Il-78 can also be used as a aerial refuelling tankers by adding refuel tanks in the cargo hold.<a href="#cite_note-:4-115">[114]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aerial_refuelling_aircraft">Aerial refuelling aircraft</h3></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ilyushin_Il-78" title="Ilyushin Il-78">Ilyushin Il-78</a>: The PAF operates four Il-78MPs equipped with UPAZ refuelling pods, procured from <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a>, as aerial refuelling tankers. The Il-78 can also be used as a general transporter by removing the refuel tanks from the cargo hold.<a href="#cite_note-:4-115">[114]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Trainer_aircraft">Trainer aircraft</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ilyushin_IL-78_(R09-001)_Pakistan_Air_Force.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Ilyushin_IL-78_%28R09-001%29_Pakistan_Air_Force.jpg/220px-Ilyushin_IL-78_%28R09-001%29_Pakistan_Air_Force.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Ilyushin_IL-78_%28R09-001%29_Pakistan_Air_Force.jpg/330px-Ilyushin_IL-78_%28R09-001%29_Pakistan_Air_Force.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Ilyushin_IL-78_%28R09-001%29_Pakistan_Air_Force.jpg/440px-Ilyushin_IL-78_%28R09-001%29_Pakistan_Air_Force.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1067" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ilyushin_Il-78" title="Ilyushin Il-78">Il-78</a> aircraft of the Pakistan Air Force.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PAC_MFI-17_Mushshak" title="PAC MFI-17 Mushshak">PAC MFI-17 Mushshak</a>: The Mushshak serves as the PAF's basic trainer. The PAF operates 120 Mushshak aircraft, including the improved Super Mushshak variant.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cessna_T-37_Tweet" title="Cessna T-37 Tweet">Cessna T-37 Tweet</a>: The PAF has operated the T-37 as a basic jet trainer since 1962, and these have been supplemented over the years with additional aircraft from <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> and the United States.<a href="#cite_note-116">[115]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hongdu_JL-8" title="Hongdu JL-8">Hongdu JL-8</a>: The K-8 is operated as an intermediate trainer, before cadets move on to conversion trainers. The K-8 is also operated by the PAF's <a href="/wiki/Aerobatics" title="Aerobatics">aerobatics</a> display team, the <a href="/wiki/Sherdils" title="Sherdils">Sherdils</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Helicopters">Helicopters</h3></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AgustaWestland_AW139" title="AgustaWestland AW139">AgustaWestland AW139</a>: Beginning in 2018, the PAF started inducting the AW139 to replace the venerable Alouette. The first AW139 unit became operational in March of that same year.<a href="#cite_note-117">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-:022-118">[117]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mil_Mi-17" title="Mil Mi-17">Mil Mi-17</a>: The PAF also operates the Mi-171, which serves primarily in <a href="/wiki/Combat_search_and_rescue" title="Combat search and rescue">CSAR</a> roles.<a href="#cite_note-:022-118">[117]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Air_defence_systems">Air defence systems</h3></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MBDA" title="MBDA">MBDA</a> <a href="/wiki/Aspide" title="Aspide">Spada 2000</a> – A medium altitude <a href="/wiki/Anti-aircraft_warfare" title="Anti-aircraft warfare">air defence system</a> consisting of a radar with a range of 60 kilometres and four 6-cell missile launchers that can intercept enemy missiles and aircraft at a range of over 20 kilometres. A contract for ten batteries was signed when Aspide was selected over competing systems from <a href="/wiki/Raytheon_Technologies" class="mw-redirect" title="Raytheon Technologies">Raytheon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diehl_Defence" title="Diehl Defence">Diehl BGT</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saab_AB" title="Saab AB">Saab AB</a> after pre-contract firing tests in Pakistan with assistance from the <a href="/wiki/Italian_Air_Force" title="Italian Air Force">Italian Air Force</a>.<a href="#cite_note-119">[118]</a> Reports state that Pakistan tested the air defence system in July 2010, following deliveries of the first few batteries. Deliveries of all ten batteries are reported to have been completed in 2013 with further orders possible upon immediate request.<a href="#cite_note-120">[119]</a> The missile system was tested by the Range & Instrumentation Division of <a href="/wiki/Space_%26_Upper_Atmosphere_Research_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="Space & Upper Atmosphere Research Commission">SUPARCO</a> in synergy with the PAF. Three drones were successfully intercepted and shot down by the missile system following extensive testing.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crotale_(missile)" title="Crotale (missile)">Crotale</a> – With the procurement of the Spada 2000, Pakistan reportedly decommissioned most of its <a href="/wiki/Crotale_(missile)" title="Crotale (missile)">Crotale</a> short-range air defence missile systems.<a href="#cite_note-defensenews.com-121">[120]</a> However some modernized variants still remain in active service.<a href="#cite_note-:3-122">[121]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HQ-9" title="HQ-9">HQ-9B</a> – In October 2003, it was reported that China had closed a deal with Pakistan to supply an unspecified number of FT-2000 systems, an anti-radiation variant of the HQ-9 long-range air defence system.<a href="#cite_note-123">[122]</a> However, in March 2009, a report was published stating that Pakistan was not considering importing the missile.<a href="#cite_note-124">[123]</a> It was reported in mid-2008 that Pakistan intended to purchase a high altitude air-missile defence system and the FD-2000, another variant of HQ-9, was expected to be chosen.<a href="#cite_note-defensenews.com-121">[120]</a><a href="#cite_note-125">[124]</a> In 2023 PAF inducted the <a href="/wiki/HQ-9" title="HQ-9">HQ-9B</a> variant into service with a reported range of 260 km.<a href="#cite_note-:3-122">[121]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panhard_AML" title="Panhard AML">AML HE 60-20</a> – A modified version of the <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">French</a> <a href="/wiki/Panhard" title="Panhard">Panhard</a> armoured vehicle equipped with a 20mm anti-aircraft cannon used primarily for on-base security.<a href="#cite_note-126">[125]</a> At least five were originally in service in the late 1990s.<a href="#cite_note-Africa-127">[126]</a><a href="#cite_note-WDA1993-128">[127]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Drone_technology">Drone technology</h3></div> On 7 September 2015, Pakistan became the fifth nation globally to develop and use an armed <a href="/wiki/Unmanned_combat_aerial_vehicle" title="Unmanned combat aerial vehicle">unmanned combat aerial vehicle</a> (drone), the <a href="/wiki/NESCOM_Burraq" title="NESCOM Burraq">NESCOM Burraq</a>. Pakistan first started exploring drone technology when it acquired Falco drones from <a href="/wiki/Selex_ES" title="Selex ES">Selex Galileo</a> for approximately $40 million in 2008. Since then, Pakistan has been developing variants of the original Falco drone in the <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Aeronautical_Complex" title="Pakistan Aeronautical Complex">Pakistan Aeronautical Complex (PAC)</a> in collaboration with the <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italian</a> firm. The Burraq was developed which was based on the Falco's technology. By March 2015, Pakistan was able to test-fire Burraq armed with an air-to-surface missile named <a href="/wiki/Barq" title="Barq">Barq</a> with pin-point precision. Burraq drones were used extensively to provide support to the <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Army" title="Pakistan Army">Pakistan Army</a> during <a href="/wiki/Operation_Zarb-e-Azb" title="Operation Zarb-e-Azb">Operation Zarb-e-Azb</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FA-129">[128]</a> Pakistan has already talked with <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> to manufacture parts for <a href="/wiki/TAI_Anka" title="TAI Anka">Anka UAV</a> and possibly to produce the combat drones locally. Also the <a href="/wiki/CAIG_Wing_Loong_II" title="CAIG Wing Loong II">CAIG Wing Loong II</a> UCAVs will be produced in Pakistan with joint collaboration with <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>.<a href="#cite_note-130">[129]</a><a href="#cite_note-131">[130]</a><a href="#cite_note-132">[131]</a><a href="#cite_note-133">[132]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Modernisation_and_acquisitions">Modernisation and acquisitions</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pakistani_F-16.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Pakistani_F-16.jpg/220px-Pakistani_F-16.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Pakistani_F-16.jpg/330px-Pakistani_F-16.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Pakistani_F-16.jpg/440px-Pakistani_F-16.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2014" data-file-height="1520" /></a><figcaption>The first <a href="/wiki/General_Dynamics_F-16_Fighting_Falcon#Variants" title="General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon">F-16D Block 52</a> fighter of the PAF, rolled out on 13 October 2009 after undergoing flight testing in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> prior to delivery.</figcaption></figure> For a brief period, the Pakistan Air Force experienced a stall in modernization efforts, however this ended in April 2006 when the <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Pakistan" title="Cabinet of Pakistan">Pakistani cabinet</a> approved the PAF's proposals to procure new aircraft and systems from several sources, including modern combat aircraft from the United States and China. The AFFDP 2019 (Armed Forces Development Programme 2019) would oversee the extensive modernization of the PAF from 2006 to 2019.<a href="#cite_note-134">[133]</a> On 24 July 2008, the <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_George_W._Bush" title="Presidency of George W. Bush">Bush administration</a> informed the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">U.S. Congress</a> that it planned to shift nearly $230 million of $300 million in aid from <a href="/wiki/Counter-terrorism" class="mw-redirect" title="Counter-terrorism">counter-terrorism</a> programs to upgrading Pakistan's ageing F-16s.<a href="#cite_note-135">[134]</a> The administration had previously announced on 27 June 2008 that it was proposing to sell <a href="/wiki/ITT_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="ITT Corporation">ITT Corporation</a>'s electronic warfare gear valued at up to $75 million to enhance Pakistan's existing inventory of F-16s.<a href="#cite_note-136">[135]</a> Pakistan has asked about buying as many as 21 AN/ALQ-211(V)9 Advanced Integrated Defensive Electronic Warfare Suite Pods (AIDEWS) as well as other related equipment.<a href="#cite_note-137">[136]</a> The proposed sale will ensure that the existing fleet is "compatible" with new F-16 Block 50/52 fighters being purchased by <a href="/wiki/Islamabad" title="Islamabad">Islamabad</a>. After <a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">9/11</a>, the U.S. and Pakistan began discussing the release of the <a href="/wiki/Arms_embargo" title="Arms embargo">embargoed</a> F-16s and Pakistan's ability to purchase new aircraft. Of the 28 F-16A/B built under the Peace Gate III/IV contracts and embargoed in 1990, 14 were delivered as EDA (Excess Defense Articles) from 2005 to 2008,<a href="#cite_note-dod.mil-138">[137]</a> two of which were delivered on 10 July 2007.<a href="#cite_note-139">[138]</a> Between 2005 and 2008, 14 F-16A/B Block 15 OCU fighters were delivered to the PAF under renewed post-9/11 ties between the U.S. and Pakistan. These had originally been built for Pakistan under the Peace Gate III/IV contracts but were never delivered due to the subsequent U.S. arms embargo imposed on Pakistan in 1990.<a href="#cite_note-140">[139]</a> To upgrade the F-16A/B fleet, 32 Falcon STAR kits were purchased for the original Peace Gate I aircraft and 35 <a href="/wiki/Mid-life_update" title="Mid-life update">Mid-Life Update (MLU)</a> kits were ordered, with 11 more MLU kits optional. Four F-16A/B being upgraded in the U.S. to F-16AM/BM had an expected delivery date of December 2011.<a href="#cite_note-dod.mil-138">[137]</a> F-16A/B in the PAF's service were to be upgraded starting in October 2010 by <a href="/wiki/Turkish_Aerospace_Industries" title="Turkish Aerospace Industries">Turkish Aerospace Industries</a>, at a rate of one per month.<a href="#cite_note-141">[140]</a><a href="#cite_note-142">[141]</a> The Peace Drive I contract for 12 F-16C and six F-16D Block 52+ (Advanced Block 52) aircraft, powered by <a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_F100" title="Pratt & Whitney F100">F100-PW-229</a> engines was signed on 30 September 2006.<a href="#cite_note-143">[142]</a><a href="#cite_note-144">[143]</a> The first F-16 to be completed, an F-16D, was rolled out on 13 October 2009 and began flight testing immediately.<a href="#cite_note-145">[144]</a><a href="#cite_note-146">[145]</a><a href="#cite_note-147">[146]</a><a href="#cite_note-148">[147]</a><a href="#cite_note-149">[148]</a> The first batch of F-16C/D Block 52+, two F-16D and one F-16C landed at <a href="/wiki/PAF_Base_Shahbaz" title="PAF Base Shahbaz">PAF Base Shahbaz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jacobabad" title="Jacobabad">Jacobabad</a>, on 26 June 2010.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-150">[149]</a><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated3-151">[150]</a><a href="#cite_note-152">[151]</a> One more F-16C was received by 5 July 2010.<a href="#cite_note-153">[152]</a> On 13 December 2008, the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Pakistan" title="Government of Pakistan">Government of Pakistan</a> stated that two <a href="/wiki/Indian_Air_Force" title="Indian Air Force">Indian Air Force</a> aircraft were intercepted by the Pakistan Air Force a few kilometers inside Pakistani airspace. This charge is denied by the Indian government.<a href="#cite_note-154">[153]</a> During talks with a delegation from the <a href="/wiki/Senate_(France)" title="Senate (France)">French Senate</a> on 28 September 2009, <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Pakistan" title="Prime Minister of Pakistan">Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Yousaf_Raza_Gillani" class="mw-redirect" title="Yousaf Raza Gillani">Yousuf Raza Gilani</a> stated that the PAF had used most of its stockpile of <a href="/wiki/Laser-guided_bomb" title="Laser-guided bomb">laser-guided munitions</a> against <a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" title="Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">militants</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Malakand_District" title="Malakand District">Malakand</a> and <a href="/wiki/Federally_Administered_Tribal_Areas" title="Federally Administered Tribal Areas">FATA</a> regions and that replacements for such types of equipment were urgently required.<a href="#cite_note-155">[154]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pakistan_Air_Force_Shaanxi_ZDK-03_(Y-8)_inflight.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Pakistan_Air_Force_Shaanxi_ZDK-03_%28Y-8%29_inflight.jpg/220px-Pakistan_Air_Force_Shaanxi_ZDK-03_%28Y-8%29_inflight.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Pakistan_Air_Force_Shaanxi_ZDK-03_%28Y-8%29_inflight.jpg/330px-Pakistan_Air_Force_Shaanxi_ZDK-03_%28Y-8%29_inflight.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Pakistan_Air_Force_Shaanxi_ZDK-03_%28Y-8%29_inflight.jpg/440px-Pakistan_Air_Force_Shaanxi_ZDK-03_%28Y-8%29_inflight.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1143" data-file-height="761" /></a><figcaption>PAF <a href="/wiki/Shaanxi_Y-8" title="Shaanxi Y-8">ZDK-03 AEW&C</a> in flight.</figcaption></figure> In December 2009, Pakistan saw the delivery of the PAF's first Saab 2000 Erieye AEW&C from <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a> and an Il-78MP <a href="/wiki/Aerial_refueling" title="Aerial refueling">aerial refueling tanker</a>/<a href="/wiki/Military_transport_aircraft" title="Military transport aircraft">military transport aircraft</a> from <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-156">[155]</a><a href="#cite_note-157">[156]</a><a href="#cite_note-158">[157]</a> The PAF was reported to be considering purchasing the Chinese Hongdu L-15 advanced jet trainer to train pilots for high-tech fighters such as the <a href="/wiki/Chengdu_J-10" title="Chengdu J-10">FC-20</a>. Extensive evaluations of the aircraft took place in Pakistan in December 2009.<a href="#cite_note-159">[158]</a><a href="#cite_note-160">[159]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Air_chief_marshal_(Pakistan)" title="Air chief marshal (Pakistan)">Air Chief Marshal (ACM)</a> <a href="/wiki/Rao_Qamar_Suleman" title="Rao Qamar Suleman">Rao Qamar Suleman</a> (then <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_Air_Staff_(Pakistan)" title="Chief of the Air Staff (Pakistan)">Chief of the Air Staff</a>), the new fighters would eliminate the PAF's limitations in conducting precision night-time strike operations,<a href="#cite_note-161">[160]</a> as the existing capability was based on around 34 Dassault Mirage 5 fighters upgraded with new avionics for night-time precision strike missions under the Retrofit of Strike Element (ROSE) programme during 1999–2004.<a href="#cite_note-162">[161]</a><a href="#cite_note-163">[162]</a><a href="#cite_note-164">[163]</a> The SABIR (Special Airborne Mission Installation & Response System), a <a href="/wiki/Forward-looking_infrared" title="Forward-looking infrared">FLIR</a> system that has Brite Star II and Star Safire III EO/IR sensors installed on a C-130 saw extensive usage during the Pakistani military's operations against militants in the <a href="/wiki/Federally_Administered_Tribal_Areas" title="Federally Administered Tribal Areas">FATA</a> region. In 2021, Pakistan agreed to buy 36 <a href="/wiki/Chengdu_J-10" title="Chengdu J-10">Chengdu J-10CP</a> multirole fighter aircraft from China to counter the <a href="/wiki/Dassault_Rafale" title="Dassault Rafale">Dassault Rafale</a> which India bought from <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>.<a href="#cite_note-j10-165">[164]</a> On March 11, 2022, PAF inducted modern <a href="/wiki/Chengdu_J-10" title="Chengdu J-10">J-10C</a> fighter aircraft in its fleet, the formal ceremony was conducted at the <a href="/wiki/PAF_Base_Minhas" title="PAF Base Minhas">Minhas Airbase Kamra</a>.<a href="#cite_note-166">[165]</a><a href="#cite_note-167">[166]</a> At a ceremony in January 2024, Pakistan announced its intent to acquire the <a href="/wiki/Shenyang_FC-31" class="mw-redirect" title="Shenyang FC-31">FC-31</a> aircraft.<a href="#cite_note-168">[167]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Planned_acquisitions">Planned acquisitions</h3></div> Mass production of the PAC JF-17 Thunder A Block-3, a <a href="/wiki/Fourth-generation_jet_fighter" class="mw-redirect" title="Fourth-generation jet fighter">4.5 generation</a> aircraft, is underway to replace the F-16 as the "backbone" of the Pakistan Air Force's arsenal. After every 3–5 years, newer blocks of the aircraft are expected to be produced. Pakistan has been in extensive talks with China to acquire between 40 and 60 upgraded <a href="/wiki/Fifth-generation_jet_fighter" class="mw-redirect" title="Fifth-generation jet fighter">fifth-generation</a> <a href="/wiki/Shenyang_FC-31" class="mw-redirect" title="Shenyang FC-31">Shenyang FC-31</a> <a href="/wiki/Stealth_aircraft" title="Stealth aircraft">stealth fighter</a> aircraft (J-31 for short). The <a href="/wiki/TAI_TF-X" class="mw-redirect" title="TAI TF-X">TAI TF-X</a>, another fifth-generation aircraft under development by Turkey (intended to operate with critical assets such as the American <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_F-35_Lightning_II" title="Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II">F-35 Lightning II</a>) has also been a viable offer for Pakistan, as these fighters can greatly strengthen the PAF's fleet before the country's own fifth-generation fighter is developed under <a href="/wiki/Project_Azm" class="mw-redirect" title="Project Azm">Project Azm</a>. Pakistan is also reportedly working on developing a strong arsenal of <a href="/wiki/Unmanned_aerial_vehicle" title="Unmanned aerial vehicle">UAVs</a> alongside China's <a href="/wiki/CAIG_Wing_Loong_II" title="CAIG Wing Loong II">CAIG GJ-2 MALE-UCAV</a>.<a href="#cite_note-169">[168]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Project_Azm">Project Azm</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Project_Azm" class="mw-redirect" title="Project Azm">Project Azm</a></div> On 7 July 2017, the Pakistan Air Force announced the development of a fifth-generation fighter aircraft, a <a href="/wiki/Medium-altitude_long-endurance_unmanned_aerial_vehicle" class="mw-redirect" title="Medium-altitude long-endurance unmanned aerial vehicle">medium-altitude long-endurance unmanned aerial vehicle</a> (MALE UAV) and munitions under the banner of <a href="/wiki/Project_Azm" class="mw-redirect" title="Project Azm">Project Azm</a> (<a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a> for resolve/determination).<a href="#cite_note-:0-170">[169]</a><a href="#cite_note-171">[170]</a><a href="#cite_note-172">[171]</a><a href="#cite_note-173">[172]</a><a href="#cite_note-:1-174">[173]</a> Air Chief Marshal (ACM) <a href="/wiki/Sohail_Aman" title="Sohail Aman">Sohail Aman</a> stated that the design phase for the MALE UAV was in its final stages.<a href="#cite_note-:0-170">[169]</a><a href="#cite_note-:1-174">[173]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Military_exercises">Military exercises</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Military_exercises_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Military exercises of Pakistan">Military exercises of Pakistan</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PAF_Mirage_III_ROSE_-_USN_F-18_-_USAF_and_RJAF_F-16_-_side_view.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/PAF_Mirage_III_ROSE_-_USN_F-18_-_USAF_and_RJAF_F-16_-_side_view.jpg/220px-PAF_Mirage_III_ROSE_-_USN_F-18_-_USAF_and_RJAF_F-16_-_side_view.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/PAF_Mirage_III_ROSE_-_USN_F-18_-_USAF_and_RJAF_F-16_-_side_view.jpg/330px-PAF_Mirage_III_ROSE_-_USN_F-18_-_USAF_and_RJAF_F-16_-_side_view.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/PAF_Mirage_III_ROSE_-_USN_F-18_-_USAF_and_RJAF_F-16_-_side_view.jpg/440px-PAF_Mirage_III_ROSE_-_USN_F-18_-_USAF_and_RJAF_F-16_-_side_view.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>A PAF <a href="/wiki/Dassault_Mirage_III" title="Dassault Mirage III">Mirage III</a> of the No. 7 Bandits Squadron alongside a <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">US Navy</a> <a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_F/A-18_Hornet" title="McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet">F-18</a> and <a href="/wiki/General_Dynamics_F-16_Fighting_Falcon" title="General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon">F-16s</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">USAF</a> and <a href="/wiki/Royal_Jordanian_Air_Force" title="Royal Jordanian Air Force">RJAF</a>.</figcaption></figure> The Pakistan Air Force sent a contingent of six <a href="/wiki/General_Dynamics_F-16_Fighting_Falcon" title="General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon">F-16</a> <a href="/wiki/General_Dynamics_F-16_Fighting_Falcon_variants" title="General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon variants">A/B</a> fighters to the 2004 international <a href="/wiki/Anatolian_Eagle" title="Anatolian Eagle">Anatolian Eagle</a> exercise in <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>.<a href="#cite_note-175">[174]</a><a href="#cite_note-jamestown1-176">[175]</a> In 2005, after around one year of planning, the PAF held the High Mark 2005 <a href="/wiki/Military_exercise" title="Military exercise">military exercise</a> which lasted for one month and also involved the <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Army" title="Pakistan Army">Pakistan Army</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Navy" title="Pakistan Navy">Pakistan Navy</a>. The scenario saw two opposing forces, Blueland and Foxland, engaging in simulated combat which involved both offensive and defensive operations. It was stated that the exercise would consist of three stages and PAF aircraft would fly around 8200 sorties. The involvement of units from the Pakistan Army and Navy was aimed at providing more realistic operational scenarios. High Mark 2005 followed the Tempest-1 military exercise which was focused purely on <a href="/wiki/Airpower" title="Airpower">air power</a> but differed in terms of the duration, intensity and complexity of all air operations being conducted.<a href="#cite_note-177">[176]</a> In 2008, the <a href="/wiki/Turkish_Air_Force" title="Turkish Air Force">Turkish Air Force</a> sent five F-16C/D fighters and 50 personnel from 191 Cobras Squadron to <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> to take part in the joint Indus Viper exercise at <a href="/wiki/PAF_Base_Mushaf" title="PAF Base Mushaf">PAF Base Mushaf</a>.<a href="#cite_note-jamestown1-176">[175]</a> In the summer of 2005, a PAF team of 20 <a href="/wiki/Airman" title="Airman">airmen</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Fighter_pilot" title="Fighter pilot">pilots</a>, <a href="/wiki/Navigator" title="Navigator">navigators</a>, <a href="/wiki/Engineer" title="Engineer">engineers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Technician" title="Technician">maintenance technicians</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_C-130_Hercules" title="Lockheed C-130 Hercules">C-130</a>E was sent to the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> to take part in the AMC (<a href="/wiki/Air_Mobility_Command" title="Air Mobility Command">Air Mobility Command</a>) Rodeo.<a href="#cite_note-178">[177]</a> The PAF again took part in the AMC Rodeo two years later, in July 2007.<a href="#cite_note-179">[178]</a><a href="#cite_note-180">[179]</a> In 2009, while undertaking combat operations against <a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Pakistan" title="Terrorism in Pakistan">militants</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Federally_Administered_Tribal_Areas" title="Federally Administered Tribal Areas">FATA</a> and <a href="/wiki/Swat_District" title="Swat District">Swat</a> regions, the PAF initiated the <a href="/wiki/Exercise_Saffron_Bandit" title="Exercise Saffron Bandit">Saffron Bandit</a> exercise with the aim of training the PAF's entire combat force to undertake such <a href="/wiki/Counter-terrorism" class="mw-redirect" title="Counter-terrorism">anti-terrorist operations</a>.<a href="#cite_note-181">[180]</a><a href="#cite_note-182">[181]</a> In December 2009, the PAF sent six <a href="/wiki/Chengdu_J-7" title="Chengdu J-7">Chengdu F-7</a>PG fighters of No. 31 Wing based at <a href="/wiki/PAF_Base_Samungli" title="PAF Base Samungli">PAF Base Samungli</a> to the <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a> to take part in the Air Tactics Leadership Course (ATLC)—also known as <a href="/wiki/Exercise_Iron_Falcon" title="Exercise Iron Falcon">Exercise Iron Falcon</a>—at <a href="/wiki/Al_Dhafra_Air_Base" title="Al Dhafra Air Base">Al Dhafra Air Base</a>.<a href="#cite_note-183">[182]</a><a href="#cite_note-184">[183]</a><a href="#cite_note-185">[184]</a> The PAF's High Mark 2010 exercise was launched on 15 March 2010, the first time a High Mark exercise had been conducted since 2005, after all PAF received their <a href="/wiki/Air_tasking_order" title="Air tasking order">Air Tasking Orders</a> (ATO). The country-wide exercise involved units based all over Pakistan, from <a href="/wiki/Skardu" title="Skardu">Skardu</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Arabian_Sea" title="Arabian Sea">Arabian Sea</a>, at all <a href="/wiki/Main_Operating_Base" class="mw-redirect" title="Main Operating Base">Main Operating Bases</a> and <a href="/wiki/Forward_operating_base" title="Forward operating base">Forward Operating Bases</a>. Joint operations involving the Pakistan Army and Pakistan Navy were also conducted, aiming to test and improve integration and co-operation between the three branches of the <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Armed_Forces" title="Pakistan Armed Forces">Pakistan Armed Forces</a>. Operations emphasized a near-realistic simulation of a wartime environment, exposure of PAF aircrews to contemporary concepts of <a href="/wiki/Air_combat_manoeuvring" title="Air combat manoeuvring">air combat</a>, new employment concepts and joint operations between the Pakistan Air Force, Army and Navy. New inductions such as the <a href="/wiki/PAC/CAC_JF-17_Thunder" class="mw-redirect" title="PAC/CAC JF-17 Thunder">JF-17 Thunder</a>, <a href="/wiki/Erieye" title="Erieye">Saab 2000 Erieye AEW&C</a> and <a href="/wiki/Il-78" class="mw-redirect" title="Il-78">Il-78</a> MRTT also saw service in this exercise.<a href="#cite_note-186">[185]</a> On 6 April 2010, the end of the first phase of exercise High Mark 2010 was celebrated with a 90-minute firepower demonstration at the PAF's firing range facility in the deserts of <a href="/wiki/Thal_Desert" title="Thal Desert">Thal</a>. The <a href="/wiki/H-2_SOW" title="H-2 SOW">H-2 SOW</a> was also shown to the public for the first time, being launched from around 60 km away before hitting its target, and a mock <a href="/wiki/Counter-insurgency" class="mw-redirect" title="Counter-insurgency">counter-insurgency</a> operation was performed by participating forces. The demo heralded the beginning of High Mark 2010's second phase, where the PAF would practice joint operations with the Pakistan Army during its own exercise Azm-e-Nau-3 (New Resolve 3).<a href="#cite_note-187">[186]</a> During High Mark 2010, a Chengdu F-7 and <a href="/wiki/Dassault_Mirage_5" title="Dassault Mirage 5">Mirage 5</a> fighter practiced landing, refueling and take-off operations from a motorway. It was reported that the PAF is in negotiations with the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Communications_(Pakistan)" title="Ministry of Communications (Pakistan)">Ministry of Communications</a> to set up any required facilities for PAF operations on various motorways in Pakistan.<a href="#cite_note-188">[187]</a><a href="#cite_note-189">[188]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PAF_Mirage_III_ROSE_alert_scramble_competition_Falcon_Air_Meet_2010.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/PAF_Mirage_III_ROSE_alert_scramble_competition_Falcon_Air_Meet_2010.jpg/220px-PAF_Mirage_III_ROSE_alert_scramble_competition_Falcon_Air_Meet_2010.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/PAF_Mirage_III_ROSE_alert_scramble_competition_Falcon_Air_Meet_2010.jpg/330px-PAF_Mirage_III_ROSE_alert_scramble_competition_Falcon_Air_Meet_2010.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/PAF_Mirage_III_ROSE_alert_scramble_competition_Falcon_Air_Meet_2010.jpg/440px-PAF_Mirage_III_ROSE_alert_scramble_competition_Falcon_Air_Meet_2010.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3075" data-file-height="2042" /></a><figcaption>A PAF <a href="/wiki/Dassault_Mirage_III" title="Dassault Mirage III">Mirage III</a> competes in the Alert Scramble Competition during the 2010 Falcon Air Meet in <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a>.</figcaption></figure> In July 2010, the PAF sent six F-16B fighters of <a href="/wiki/No._9_Squadron_PAF" title="No. 9 Squadron PAF">No. 9 Griffins Squadron</a> and 100 PAF personnel to <a href="/wiki/Nellis_Air_Force_Base" title="Nellis Air Force Base">Nellis Air Force Base</a> in the U.S. to participate in the international <a href="/wiki/Exercise_Red_Flag" title="Exercise Red Flag">Red Flag</a> exercise for the first time. During the exercise, the PAF pilots practiced <a href="/wiki/In-flight_refuelling" class="mw-redirect" title="In-flight refuelling">in-flight refuelling</a> with their F-16s using the <a href="/wiki/Boeing_KC-135_Stratotanker" title="Boeing KC-135 Stratotanker">Boeing KC-135 Stratotanker</a>.<a href="#cite_note-190">[189]</a><a href="#cite_note-191">[190]</a><a href="#cite_note-192">[191]</a><a href="#cite_note-193">[192]</a><a href="#cite_note-194">[193]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="width: 200px; clear: right; float:right;margin:0 0 1.5em 1.5em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:115%">External videos</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><img alt="video icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iA75Yq4dHQU">Mirage III ROSE fighters of the PAF's No. 7 Bandits Squadron take part in the Falcon Air Meet 2010 exercise.</a></td></tr></tbody></table> In October 2010, the PAF's No. 7 Bandits Squadron sent a team of its <a href="/wiki/Dassault_Mirage_III" title="Dassault Mirage III">Dassault Mirage III</a> <a href="/wiki/Project_ROSE" title="Project ROSE">ROSE</a> fighters to <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a> to participate in the Falcon Air Meet 2010 exercise at the <a href="/wiki/Azraq,_Jordan" title="Azraq, Jordan">Azraq</a> <a href="/wiki/Royal_Jordanian_Air_Force" title="Royal Jordanian Air Force">Royal Jordanian Air Base</a>.<a href="#cite_note-195">[194]</a><a href="#cite_note-196">[195]</a> January 2011 saw a PAF contingent of F-16A/B and Dassault Mirage fighters take part in the Al-Saqoor II exercise in <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Saudi_Air_Force" title="Royal Saudi Air Force">Royal Saudi Air Force</a>.<a href="#cite_note-197">[196]</a><a href="#cite_note-198">[197]</a><a href="#cite_note-199">[198]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources">unreliable source?</a>] In March 2011, a joint <a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Pakistan_relations" title="China–Pakistan relations">Sino-Pakistani</a> exercise, codenamed Shaheen-1, was conducted involving a contingent of <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">Chinese</a> aircraft and personnel from the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army_Air_Force" title="People's Liberation Army Air Force">PLAAF</a>.<a href="#cite_note-200">[199]</a> Information on which aircraft were used by each side in the exercise remained classified, but photos of Pakistani pilots inspecting what appeared to be Chinese <a href="/wiki/Shenyang_J-11" title="Shenyang J-11">Shenyang J-11</a>B fighters were released on the <a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">internet</a>. The exercise lasted for around four weeks and was the first time the PLAAF had deployed to Pakistan and conducted "operational" aerial maneuvers with the PAF.<a href="#cite_note-201">[200]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Involvement_in_Pakistani_society">Involvement in Pakistani society</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/2009_refugee_crisis_in_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="2009 refugee crisis in Pakistan">2009 refugee crisis in Pakistan</a></div> The Pakistan Air Force, alongside other branches of the <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Armed_Forces" title="Pakistan Armed Forces">armed forces</a> has played an integral part in the <a href="/wiki/Society_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Society of Pakistan">civil society of Pakistan</a> since its inception.<a href="#cite_note-Taylor_and_Francis-e-Library-202">[201]</a> In 1996, <a href="/wiki/General_officer" title="General officer">General</a> <a href="/wiki/Jehangir_Karamat" title="Jehangir Karamat">Jehangir Karamat</a> described the Pakistani military's relations with <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>'s populace: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">In my opinion, if we have to repeat of past events then we must understand that military leaders can pressure only up to a point. Beyond that their own position starts getting undermined because the military is after all is a mirror image of the civil society from which it is drawn.<div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>General Jehangir Karamat on civil society–military relations, <a href="#cite_note-Taylor_and_Francis-e-Library-202">[201]</a></cite></div></blockquote> In times of natural disaster such as the <a href="/wiki/1992_in_Pakistan" title="1992 in Pakistan">chaotic floods of 1992</a> or the <a href="/wiki/2005_Kashmir_earthquake" title="2005 Kashmir earthquake">October 2005 earthquake</a>, PAF engineers, medical and logistics personnel alongside the rest of the armed forces played a major role in bringing relief aid and supplies to those who were affected.<a href="#cite_note-Air_Force_statistics_on_relief_operations-203">[202]</a> In addition to the PAF's involvement in relief activities at home, it has also helped the Pakistani military's responses to natural disasters in many other countries globally.<a href="#cite_note-Air_Force_statistics_on_relief_operations-203">[202]</a> The PAF was involved in the dispatching of relief to <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a> after they were hit by the <a href="/wiki/2004_Indian_Ocean_earthquake_and_tsunami" title="2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami">2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami</a>. Coordinating a synergized response, the Pakistan Armed Forces sent ships and helicopters with aid and personnel to assist in the international relief operation.<a href="#cite_note-Air_Force_statistics_on_relief_operations-203">[202]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2></div> In <a href="/wiki/Pakistani_literature" title="Pakistani literature">Pakistani literature</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Shaheen_falcon" title="Shaheen falcon">shaheen falcon</a> has a special association with the poetry of the country's national poet, <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Iqbal" title="Muhammad Iqbal">Allama Muhammad Iqbal</a>.<a href="#cite_note-nationalsymbol-204">[203]</a> The bird also appears on the official representative badge of the Pakistan Air Force. Various <a href="/wiki/Pakistani_dramas" title="Pakistani dramas">Urdu-language drama serials</a> on the PAF have been written, produced, directed, and televised nationwide. Notable <a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a> drama serials and films involving the PAF are Shahpar and <a href="/wiki/Sherdil" title="Sherdil">Sherdil</a>, which were televised on <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Television_Corporation" title="Pakistan Television Corporation">PTV</a> and <a href="/wiki/ARY_Digital" title="ARY Digital">ARY Digital</a>, respectively.<a href="#cite_note-205">[204]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_personnel">Notable personnel</h2></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mohammad_Mahmood_Alam_1965.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Mohammad_Mahmood_Alam_1965.jpg/120px-Mohammad_Mahmood_Alam_1965.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Mohammad_Mahmood_Alam_1965.jpg/180px-Mohammad_Mahmood_Alam_1965.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Mohammad_Mahmood_Alam_1965.jpg/240px-Mohammad_Mahmood_Alam_1965.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1221" data-file-height="1173" /></a><figcaption> <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Mahmood_Alam" title="Muhammad Mahmood Alam">M.M. Alam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pseudonym" title="Pseudonym">aka</a> Little Dragon, <a href="/wiki/Indian_Air_Force" title="Indian Air Force">Indian</a> kill marks visible on his <a href="/wiki/North_American_F-86_Sabre" title="North American F-86 Sabre">Sabre</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:8-Pass_Charlie.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/8-Pass_Charlie.jpg/220px-8-Pass_Charlie.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/8-Pass_Charlie.jpg/330px-8-Pass_Charlie.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/8-Pass_Charlie.jpg/440px-8-Pass_Charlie.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1095" data-file-height="745" /></a><figcaption>Squadron Leader Najeeb Ahmed Khan aka <a href="/wiki/8-Pass_Charlie" title="8-Pass Charlie">8-Pass Charlie</a></figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Nishan-e-Haider" title="Nishan-e-Haider">Nishan-e-Haider</a> (<a href="/wiki/Urdu_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Urdu language">Urdu</a>: <span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">نشان حیدر, <a href="/wiki/Literal_translation" title="Literal translation">lit.</a> 'Mark of <a href="/wiki/Ali" title="Ali">Ali</a>'), is the highest military award of <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>, and is roughly equivalent in value to the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>' <a href="/wiki/Medal_of_Honor" title="Medal of Honor">Medal of Honor</a>. <a href="/wiki/Pilot_officer" title="Pilot officer">Pilot Officer</a> <a href="/wiki/Rashid_Minhas" title="Rashid Minhas">Rashid Minhas</a> (1951 – 20 August 1971) is the only officer of the PAF to have been awarded the <a href="/wiki/Nishan-e-Haider" title="Nishan-e-Haider">Nishan-e-Haider</a> for sacrificing his life to save an aircraft from being hijacked to <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>. <a href="#cite_note-206">[205]</a> Other notable recipients of major military awards include: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_commodore" title="Air commodore">Air Commodore</a> <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Mahmood_Alam" title="Muhammad Mahmood Alam">Muhammad Mahmood Alam</a> – awarded for downing nine fighters<a href="#cite_note-207">[206]</a> (of which five were downed within one minute<a href="#cite_note-defencejournal2001-208">[207]</a><a href="#cite_note-209">[208]</a><a href="#cite_note-210">[209]</a><a href="#cite_note-211">[210]</a><a href="#cite_note-212">[211]</a>) of the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Air_Force" title="Indian Air Force">Indian Air Force</a> in direct air-to-air combat.<a href="#cite_note-defencejournal.com-213">[212]</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sitara-e-Jurat" title="Sitara-e-Jurat">Sitara-e-Jurat</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/8-Pass_Charlie" title="8-Pass Charlie">Air Commodore Najeeb Ahmed Khan</a> – <a href="/wiki/B-57_Canberra" class="mw-redirect" title="B-57 Canberra">B-57 Canberra</a> bomber pilot who raided the <a href="/wiki/Adampur_Airport" title="Adampur Airport">Adampur Airbase</a> several times during the 1965 war.<a href="#cite_note-214">[213]</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sitara-e-Jurat" title="Sitara-e-Jurat">Sitara-e-Jurat</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squadron_leader" title="Squadron leader">Squadron Leader</a> <a href="/wiki/Sarfaraz_Ahmed_Rafiqui" title="Sarfaraz Ahmed Rafiqui">Sarfaraz Ahmed Rafiqui</a> – awarded for refusing to abandon his group of fighters during a battle despite his guns being jammed. He continued his attempts to assist his squadron in the battle by chasing enemy fighters until eventually being shot down.<a href="#cite_note-215">[214]</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hilal-i-Jur%27at" title="Hilal-i-Jur'at">Hilal-e-Jurat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sitara-e-Jurat" title="Sitara-e-Jurat">Sitara-e-Jurat</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_marshal" title="Air marshal">Air Marshall</a> <a href="/wiki/Nur_Khan" title="Nur Khan">Nur Khan</a> – awarded for personally leading several operational missions that uplifted morale and enabled the air force to assert control over a larger and better-equipped enemy.<a href="#cite_note-216">[215]</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hilal-i-Jur%27at" title="Hilal-i-Jur'at">Hilal-e-Jurat</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Strategic_Command_(Pakistan)" title="Air Force Strategic Command (Pakistan)">Air Force Strategic Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Pakistan_Air_Force_Bases" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Pakistan Air Force Bases">List of Pakistan Air Force bases</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Pakistan_Air_Force_squadrons" title="List of Pakistan Air Force squadrons">List of Pakistan Air Force squadrons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_retired_Pakistan_Air_Force_aircraft" title="List of retired Pakistan Air Force aircraft">List of retired Pakistan Air Force aircraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Services_Wing" title="Special Services Wing">Special Services Wing – (SSW)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Air_Force_Museum" title="Pakistan Air Force Museum">Pakistan Air Force Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Aeronautical_Complex" title="Pakistan Aeronautical Complex">Pakistan Aeronautical Complex</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> Pāk is a term commonly used in South Asia (as well as outside of it) to refer to the country of Pakistan or anything related to it. In terms of pronouncing the words for the Pakistan Air Force in Urdu, the full form—Pākistān—would be used, with the respective spelling in Urdu being: ''پاکستان ہوائی فوج'' </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-AuthorHouse,_Barvarz,_2012-1"><a href="#cite_ref-AuthorHouse,_Barvarz,_2012_1-0">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBarvarz2012" class="citation book cs1">Barvarz, Fartash (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EO1RVGGL9jEC">Islamic Atomic Bomb</a> (google books) (1st ed.). Bloomington, Indiana, U.S.: AuthorHouse. p. 116. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781426923661" title="Special:BookSources/9781426923661"><bdi>9781426923661</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230205213443/https://www.google.com/books/edition/Islamic_Atomic_Bomb_Cookbook/EO1RVGGL9jEC?hl=en&gbpv=1">Archived</a> from the original on 5 February 2023. 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Retrieved 8 February 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+right+stuff&rft.pub=Dawn+News&rft.date=2009-09-14&rft.aulast=Faruqui&rft.aufirst=Ahmad&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dawn.com%2Fwps%2Fwcm%2Fconnect%2Fdawn-content-library%2Fdawn%2Fthe-newspaper%2Feditorial%2Fthe-right-stuff-499&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APakistan+Air+Force" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> Werrell, Kenneth (2013). Sabres Over MiG Alley: The F-86 and the Battle for Air Superiority in Korea. Naval Institute Press. p. 188. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781612513447" title="Special:BookSources/9781612513447">9781612513447</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> Fricker, John. Battle for Pakistan: the air war of 1965. pp. 15–17. before we had completed more than of about 270-degree of the turn, at around 12-degree per second, all four hunters had been shot down ... My fifth victim of this sortie started spewing smoke and then rolled on to his back at about 1000 feet. </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChris_SmithStockholm_International_Peace_Research_Institute1994" class="citation book cs1">Chris Smith; Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wirzhu5EaqAC&pg=PA85">India's Ad Hoc Arsenal: Direction Or Drift in Defence Policy?</a>. Oxford University Press. p. 85. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-829168-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-829168-8"><bdi>978-0-19-829168-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=India%27s+Ad+Hoc+Arsenal%3A+Direction+Or+Drift+in+Defence+Policy%3F&rft.pages=85&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-19-829168-8&rft.au=Chris+Smith&rft.au=Stockholm+International+Peace+Research+Institute&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dwirzhu5EaqAC%26pg%3DPA85&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APakistan+Air+Force" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdward_V._CogginsEd_Coggins2000" class="citation book cs1">Edward V. Coggins; Ed Coggins (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MG5wioBJyK0C&pg=PA164">Wings That Stay on</a>. Turner Publishing Company. p. 164. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56311-568-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56311-568-4"><bdi>978-1-56311-568-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160107081241/https://books.google.com/books?id=MG5wioBJyK0C&pg=PA164">Archived</a> from the original on 7 January 2016. Retrieved 15 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Wings+That+Stay+on&rft.pages=164&rft.pub=Turner+Publishing+Company&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-1-56311-568-4&rft.au=Edward+V.+Coggins&rft.au=Ed+Coggins&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMG5wioBJyK0C%26pg%3DPA164&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APakistan+Air+Force" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMike_Spick2002" class="citation book cs1">Mike Spick (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=p40nOZgeh84C&pg=PA161">The Illustrated Directory of Fighters</a>. MBI Publishing Company LLC. p. 161. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7603-1343-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7603-1343-5"><bdi>978-0-7603-1343-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160107081241/https://books.google.com/books?id=p40nOZgeh84C&pg=PA161">Archived</a> from the original on 7 January 2016. Retrieved 15 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Illustrated+Directory+of+Fighters&rft.pages=161&rft.pub=MBI+Publishing+Company+LLC&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-7603-1343-5&rft.au=Mike+Spick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dp40nOZgeh84C%26pg%3DPA161&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APakistan+Air+Force" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-bb-25">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bb_25-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bb_25-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bb_25-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarry2006" class="citation web cs1">Harry, B. (2 September 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101127234125/http://orbat.com/site/cimh/iaf/IAF_1965war_kills.pdf">"IAF combat kills – 1965 Indo-Pak Air War"</a> (PDF). Order of Battle web site (orbat.com). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://orbat.com/site/cimh/iaf/IAF_1965war_kills.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 27 November 2010. Retrieved 29 December 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IAF+combat+kills+%E2%80%93+1965+Indo-Pak+Air+War&rft.pub=Order+of+Battle+web+site+%28orbat.com%29&rft.date=2006-09-02&rft.aulast=Harry&rft.aufirst=B.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Forbat.com%2Fsite%2Fcimh%2Fiaf%2FIAF_1965war_kills.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APakistan+Air+Force" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061105001826/http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/IAF/Books/Review-Airwar65.html">"The India-Pakistan Air War of 1965"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/IAF/Books/Review-Airwar65.html">the original</a> on 5 November 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+India-Pakistan+Air+War+of+1965&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bharat-rakshak.com%2FIAF%2FBooks%2FReview-Airwar65.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APakistan+Air+Force" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Encyclopedia_of_the_developing_world-27"><a href="#cite_ref-Encyclopedia_of_the_developing_world_27-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas_M._Leonard2006" class="citation book cs1">Thomas M. Leonard (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pWRjGZ9H7hYC&pg=PA806">Encyclopedia of the developing world</a>. Taylor & Francis. p. 806. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-97663-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-97663-3"><bdi>978-0-415-97663-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230205202529/https://books.google.com/books?id=pWRjGZ9H7hYC&pg=PA806">Archived</a> from the original on 5 February 2023. Retrieved 14 April 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+developing+world&rft.pages=806&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-415-97663-3&rft.au=Thomas+M.+Leonard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpWRjGZ9H7hYC%26pg%3DPA806&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APakistan+Air+Force" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> Coggins 2000, pp. 163–164. </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSissonRose1991" class="citation book cs1">Sisson, Richard; Rose, Leo E. (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zYdDnRN8QIoC">War and Secession: Pakistan, India, and the Creation of Bangladesh</a> (revised ed.). University of California Press. p. 229. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-07665-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-07665-5"><bdi>978-0-520-07665-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=War+and+Secession%3A+Pakistan%2C+India%2C+and+the+Creation+of+Bangladesh&rft.pages=229&rft.edition=revised&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0-520-07665-5&rft.aulast=Sisson&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.au=Rose%2C+Leo+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzYdDnRN8QIoC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APakistan+Air+Force" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJagan_Pillarisetti" class="citation web cs1">Jagan Pillarisetti. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111118130237/http://bharat-rakshak.com/IAF/History/1971War/Sabres.html">"Boyra Encounter – 22nd November 1971"</a>. Bharat Rakshak. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/IAF/History/1971War/Sabres.html">the original</a> on 18 November 2011. Retrieved 19 January 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Boyra+Encounter+%E2%80%93+22nd+November+1971&rft.pub=Bharat+Rakshak&rft.au=Jagan+Pillarisetti&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bharat-rakshak.com%2FIAF%2FHistory%2F1971War%2FSabres.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APakistan+Air+Force" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">"Newsweek: the international newsmagazine: US edition". Newsweek: 34. 20 December 1971. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0028-9604">0028-9604</a>. <q>Trying to catch the Indian Air Force napping, Yahya Khan, launched a Pakistani version of Israel's 1967 air blitz in hopes that one quick blow would cripple India's far superior air power. But India was alert and Yahya's strategy of scattering his thin air force over a dozen air fields failed!</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Newsweek&rft.atitle=Newsweek%3A+the+international+newsmagazine%3A+US+edition&rft.pages=34&rft.date=1971-12-20&rft.issn=0028-9604&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APakistan+Air+Force" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKainikara2007" class="citation book cs1">Kainikara, Sanu (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DKSUKwBk5wIC">Red Air: Politics in Russian Air Power</a>. Universal Publishers. p. 195. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58112-983-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58112-983-0"><bdi>978-1-58112-983-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Red+Air%3A+Politics+in+Russian+Air+Power&rft.pages=195&rft.pub=Universal+Publishers&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-58112-983-0&rft.aulast=Kainikara&rft.aufirst=Sanu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDKSUKwBk5wIC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APakistan+Air+Force" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Encyclopedia_of_the_Developing_World,_Volume_3-33"><a href="#cite_ref-Encyclopedia_of_the_Developing_World,_Volume_3_33-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFM._Leonard2006" class="citation book cs1">M. Leonard, Thomas (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gc2NAQAAQBAJ&q=pakistan+lost+seventy+five&pg=PA806">Encyclopedia of the Developing World</a>. Taylor & Francis. p. 806. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0415976640" title="Special:BookSources/978-0415976640"><bdi>978-0415976640</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230205213439/https://books.google.com/books?id=gc2NAQAAQBAJ&q=pakistan+lost+seventy+five&pg=PA806">Archived</a> from the original on 5 February 2023. Retrieved 13 July 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+Developing+World&rft.pages=806&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0415976640&rft.aulast=M.+Leonard&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dgc2NAQAAQBAJ%26q%3Dpakistan%2Blost%2Bseventy%2Bfive%26pg%3DPA806&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APakistan+Air+Force" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhan2010" class="citation web cs1">Khan, Iftikhar A. (28 May 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100530072007/http://www.dawn.com/wps/wcm/connect/dawn-content-library/dawn/the-newspaper/national/threat-to-destroy-indian-nplant-stopped-attack-on-kahuta-book-850">"Threat to destroy Indian N-plant stopped attack on Kahuta"</a>. Dawn. Pakistan: The Dawn Media Group. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dawn.com/wps/wcm/connect/dawn-content-library/dawn/the-newspaper/national/threat-to-destroy-indian-nplant-stopped-attack-on-kahuta-book-850">the original</a> on 30 May 2010. Retrieved 28 May 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dawn&rft.atitle=Threat+to+destroy+Indian+N-plant+stopped+attack+on+Kahuta&rft.date=2010-05-28&rft.aulast=Khan&rft.aufirst=Iftikhar+A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dawn.com%2Fwps%2Fwcm%2Fconnect%2Fdawn-content-library%2Fdawn%2Fthe-newspaper%2Fnational%2Fthreat-to-destroy-indian-nplant-stopped-attack-on-kahuta-book-850&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APakistan+Air+Force" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShamim2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Anwar_Shamim" title="Anwar Shamim">Shamim, M. Anwar</a> (2010). Cutting Edge PAF: A Former Air Chief's Reminiscences of a Developing Air Force. Vanguard Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-969-402-540-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-969-402-540-7"><bdi>978-969-402-540-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cutting+Edge+PAF%3A+A+Former+Air+Chief%27s+Reminiscences+of+a+Developing+Air+Force&rft.pub=Vanguard+Books&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-969-402-540-7&rft.aulast=Shamim&rft.aufirst=M.+Anwar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APakistan+Air+Force" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-PAF-History-36">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PAF-History_36-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-PAF-History_36-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111215075643/http://www.paf.gov.pk/history.html">"History of PAF"</a>. Pakistan Air Force. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.paf.gov.pk/history.html">the original</a> on 15 December 2011. Retrieved 20 December 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+PAF&rft.pub=Pakistan+Air+Force&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.paf.gov.pk%2Fhistory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APakistan+Air+Force" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated1-37">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_37-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_37-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.f-16.net/f-16_users_article14.html">"F16 Air Forces – Pakistan"</a>. F-16.net. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110529022627/http://www.f-16.net/f-16_users_article14.html">Archived</a> from the original on 29 May 2011. Retrieved 8 June 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=F16+Air+Forces+%E2%80%93+Pakistan&rft.pub=F-16.net&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.f-16.net%2Ff-16_users_article14.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APakistan+Air+Force" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pafwallpapers.com/PAF_afghan_war-1.htm">"PAF F-16 squadron pilots & crew during Soviet/Afghan War 1979–1988"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120106005100/http://www.pafwallpapers.com/PAF_afghan_war-1.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 6 January 2012. Retrieved 14 January 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=PAF+F-16+squadron+pilots+%26+crew+during+Soviet%2FAfghan+War+1979%E2%80%931988&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pafwallpapers.com%2FPAF_afghan_war-1.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APakistan+Air+Force" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.pafwallpapers.com/kill_illustrations.htm">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120115121441/http://www.pafwallpapers.com/kill_illustrations.htm">Archived</a> 15 January 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. 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The Guardian. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190331102419/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/feb/26/pakistan-india-jets-breached-ceasefire-line-kashmir-bomb">Archived</a> from the original on 31 March 2019. 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Retrieved 8 September 2010. </li> <li id="cite_note-207"><a href="#cite_ref-207">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/aces/aces.htm">Fighter Pilot Aces List</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100301094203/http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/aces/aces.htm">Archived</a> 1 March 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Au.af.mil. Retrieved 8 September 2010. </li> <li id="cite_note-defencejournal2001-208"><a href="#cite_ref-defencejournal2001_208-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110927040737/http://www.defencejournal.com/2001/september/alam.htm">"Alam's Speed-shooting Classic"</a>. Defencejournal.com. 6 September 1965. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.defencejournal.com/2001/september/alam.htm">the original</a> on 27 September 2011. Retrieved 15 November 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Alam%27s+Speed-shooting+Classic&rft.pub=Defencejournal.com&rft.date=1965-09-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.defencejournal.com%2F2001%2Fseptember%2Falam.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APakistan+Air+Force" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-209"><a href="#cite_ref-209">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111013074101/http://www.paf.gov.pk/mmalam.html">"PAKISTAN AIR FORCE – Official website"</a>. Paf.gov.pk. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.paf.gov.pk/mmalam.html">the original</a> on 13 October 2011. Retrieved 16 November 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=PAKISTAN+AIR+FORCE+%E2%80%93+Official+website&rft.pub=Paf.gov.pk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.paf.gov.pk%2Fmmalam.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APakistan+Air+Force" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-210"><a href="#cite_ref-210">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFricker1979" class="citation book cs1">Fricker, John (1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RPttAAAAMAAJ">Battle for Pakistan: the air war of 1965</a>. I. Allan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780711009295" title="Special:BookSources/9780711009295"><bdi>9780711009295</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160106051949/https://books.google.com/books?id=RPttAAAAMAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 6 January 2016. Retrieved 15 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Battle+for+Pakistan%3A+the+air+war+of+1965&rft.pub=I.+Allan&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=9780711009295&rft.aulast=Fricker&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRPttAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APakistan+Air+Force" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">'before we had completed more than of about 270-degree of the turn, at around 12-degree per second, all four hunters had been shot down.'</blockquote> </li> <li id="cite_note-211"><a href="#cite_ref-211">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111117032228/http://yespakistan.com/memorialday/Rebirth%20of%20MMAlam.asp">"Re-birth of Pakistan's Record-holder Air Fighter as a New Man: Mohmammad M. Alam"</a>. Yespakistan.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yespakistan.com/memorialday/Rebirth%20of%20MMAlam.asp">the original</a> on 17 November 2011. Retrieved 28 November 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Re-birth+of+Pakistan%27s+Record-holder+Air+Fighter+as+a+New+Man%3A+Mohmammad+M.+Alam&rft.pub=Yespakistan.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yespakistan.com%2Fmemorialday%2FRebirth%2520of%2520MMAlam.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APakistan+Air+Force" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-212"><a href="#cite_ref-212">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ideasevolved.com/pakistan-not-as-seen-on-tv/">"Pakistan – Not as seen on TV!"</a>. Ideasevolved.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120913060208/http://www.ideasevolved.com/pakistan-not-as-seen-on-tv/">Archived</a> from the original on 13 September 2012. Retrieved 28 November 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pakistan+%E2%80%93+Not+as+seen+on+TV%21&rft.pub=Ideasevolved.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ideasevolved.com%2Fpakistan-not-as-seen-on-tv%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APakistan+Air+Force" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-defencejournal.com-213"><a href="#cite_ref-defencejournal.com_213-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.defencejournal.com/2001/september/alam.htm">Alam's Speed-shooting Classic</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110927040737/http://www.defencejournal.com/2001/september/alam.htm">Archived</a> 27 September 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Defencejournal.com (6 September 1965). Retrieved 8 September 2010. </li> <li id="cite_note-214"><a href="#cite_ref-214">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pafmuseum.com.pk/heroes/">"Heroes"</a>. Pakistan Air Force Museum. Retrieved 18 June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pakistan+Air+Force+Museum&rft.atitle=Heroes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pafmuseum.com.pk%2Fheroes%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APakistan+Air+Force" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-215"><a href="#cite_ref-215">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.defencejournal.com/sept98/citation_paf1.htm">Citation of PAF Shaheeds – 1</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090221193720/http://www.defencejournal.com/sept98/citation_paf1.htm">Archived</a> 21 February 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Defencejournal.com. Retrieved 8 September 2010. </li> <li id="cite_note-216"><a href="#cite_ref-216">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dailytimes.com.pk/293498/air-marshal-nur-khan-hilal-e-jurrat/">"Air Marshal Nur Khan, Hilal-e-Jurrat"</a>. Daily Times. 5 September 2018. Retrieved 18 June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Daily+Times&rft.atitle=Air+Marshal+Nur+Khan%2C+Hilal-e-Jurrat&rft.date=2018-09-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdailytimes.com.pk%2F293498%2Fair-marshal-nur-khan-hilal-e-jurrat%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APakistan+Air+Force" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Air_Force_Ensign_of_Pakistan.svg/23px-Air_Force_Ensign_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Air_Force_Ensign_of_Pakistan.svg/35px-Air_Force_Ensign_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Air_Force_Ensign_of_Pakistan.svg/45px-Air_Force_Ensign_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pakistan Air Force</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Leadership</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Commander-in-Chief <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Pakistan" title="President of Pakistan">President of Pakistan</a></li></ul></li> <li>Chief Executive <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Pakistan" title="Prime Minister of Pakistan">Prime Minister of Pakistan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Pakistan" title="Parliament of Pakistan">Parliament</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_committees_of_the_Senate_of_Pakistan" title="List of committees of the Senate of Pakistan">Senate Committee on Defence</a></li> <li>National Assembly Committee on Defence</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_Committee_on_National_Security_(Pakistan)" title="Cabinet Committee on National Security (Pakistan)">Cabinet Committee on National Security</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ministers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Defence_(Pakistan)" title="Minister of Defence (Pakistan)">Defence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Defence_Secretary_(Pakistan)" title="Defence Secretary (Pakistan)">Secretary</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_Production_(Pakistan)" title="Ministry of Defence Production (Pakistan)">Defence Production</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Air_Headquarters_(Pakistan)" title="Air Headquarters (Pakistan)">Air Headquarters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chairman_Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff_Committee" title="Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee">Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Air_Staff_(Pakistan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief of Air Staff (Pakistan)">Chief of Air Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice_Chief_of_the_Air_Staff_(Pakistan)" title="Vice Chief of the Air Staff (Pakistan)"> Vice Chief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Chief_of_the_Air_Staff_(Pakistan)" title="Deputy Chief of the Air Staff (Pakistan)"> Deputy Chiefs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_serving_marshals_of_the_Pakistan_Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="List of serving marshals of the Pakistan Air Force">Serving Marshals</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Badge_of_the_Pakistan_Air_Force.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Badge_of_the_Pakistan_Air_Force.svg/100px-Badge_of_the_Pakistan_Air_Force.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Badge_of_the_Pakistan_Air_Force.svg/150px-Badge_of_the_Pakistan_Air_Force.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Badge_of_the_Pakistan_Air_Force.svg/200px-Badge_of_the_Pakistan_Air_Force.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="619" data-file-height="832" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Commands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Strategic_Command_(Pakistan)" title="Air Force Strategic Command (Pakistan)">Air Force Strategic Command </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Intelligence_(Pakistan)" title="Air Intelligence (Pakistan)">Air Intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Services_Wing" title="Special Services Wing">Special Services Wing</a></li> <li>Squadrons <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Pakistan_Air_Force_squadrons" title="List of Pakistan Air Force squadrons">Aircraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Pakistan_Air_Force_air_defence_squadrons" title="List of Pakistan Air Force air defence squadrons">Air Defence</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Education and training</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_University_Pakistan" title="Air University Pakistan">Air University</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_University_Multan_Campus" title="Air University Multan Campus">Air University Multan Campus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fazaia_Medical_College" title="Fazaia Medical College">Fazaia Medical College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fazaia_Ruth_Pfau_Medical_College" title="Fazaia Ruth Pfau Medical College">Fazaia Ruth Pfau Medical College</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Air_Force_Academy" title="Pakistan Air Force Academy">Air Force Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Air_Force_Airmen_Academy" title="Pakistan Air Force Airmen Academy">Airmen Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PAF_Air_War_College" title="PAF Air War College">Air War College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_of_Aeronautical_Engineering" title="College of Aeronautical Engineering">College of Aeronautical Engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_of_Flying_Training" title="College of Flying Training">College of Flying Training</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fazaia_Schools_%26_Colleges" title="Fazaia Schools & Colleges">Air Force Schools and Colleges System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karachi_Institute_of_Economics_and_Technology" title="Karachi Institute of Economics and Technology">Karachi Institute of Economics and Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat_Commanders%27_School" title="Combat Commanders' School">Combat Commanders' School</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Pakistan_Air_Force_Bases" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Pakistan Air Force Bases">Bases</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Flying Bases</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Air_Force_Academy" title="Pakistan Air Force Academy">PAF Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PAF_Base_Nur_Khan" title="PAF Base Nur Khan">Nur Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PAF_Base_Chandhar" title="PAF Base Chandhar">Chandhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PAF_Base_Faisal" title="PAF Base Faisal">Faisal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PAF_Base_Masroor" title="PAF Base Masroor">Masroor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PAF_Base_M.M._Alam" title="PAF Base M.M. Alam">Alam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PAF_Base_Minhas" title="PAF Base Minhas">Minhas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PAF_Base_Murid" title="PAF Base Murid">Murid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PAF_Base_Mushaf" title="PAF Base Mushaf">Mushaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PAF_Base_Peshawar" title="PAF Base Peshawar">Peshawar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PAF_Base_Rafiqui" title="PAF Base Rafiqui">Rafiqui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PAF_Base_Samungli" title="PAF Base Samungli">Samungli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PAF_Base_Shahbaz" title="PAF Base Shahbaz">Shahbaz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Non-flying Bases</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Kalabagh</li> <li><a href="/wiki/PAF_Base_Kohat" title="PAF Base Kohat">Kohat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Air_Force_Base_Corangi_Creek" title="Pakistan Air Force Base Corangi Creek">Korangi-Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PAF_Base_Lahore" title="PAF Base Lahore">Lahore</a></li> <li>Lower Topa</li> <li>Malir</li> <li><a href="/wiki/PAF_Base_Sakesar" title="PAF Base Sakesar">Sakesar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PAF_Camp_Badaber" title="PAF Camp Badaber">Badaber</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Centers and depots</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Pakistan_Air_Force_centers_and_depots" title="List of Pakistan Air Force centers and depots">Air Force centers and depots</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Pakistan" title="Military history of Pakistan">Military history</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_wars_and_conflicts" title="Indo-Pakistani wars and conflicts">Indo-Pakistani wars and conflicts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_air_war_of_1965" title="Indo-Pakistani air war of 1965">1965</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1971" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Pakistani War of 1971">1971</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Air_Force_Museum" title="Pakistan Air Force Museum">Pakistan Air Force Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaheen_Foundation" title="Shaheen Foundation">Shaheen Foundation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Hospitals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Air_Force_Hospitals" title="Pakistan Air Force Hospitals">Pakistan Air Force Hospitals</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Test Ranges</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sonmiani_Flight_Test_Range" title="Sonmiani Flight Test Range">Sonmiani Test Range</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shamsi_Airfield" title="Shamsi Airfield">Shamsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirana_Hills" class="mw-redirect" title="Kirana Hills">Kirana Test Range</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Personnel and equipment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Air_Force_ranks_and_insignia" title="Pakistan Air Force ranks and insignia">Ranks and insignia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_active_Pakistan_Air_Force_aircraft" title="List of active Pakistan Air Force aircraft">Active aircraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_retired_Pakistan_Air_Force_aircraft" title="List of retired Pakistan Air Force aircraft">Retired aircraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_equipment_of_the_Pakistan_Air_Force" title="List of equipment of the Pakistan Air Force">Equipment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Pakistan_Air_Force" title="Category:Pakistan Air Force">Pakistan Air Force</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="List_of_air_forces" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Air_forces" title="Template:Air forces"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Air_forces" title="Template talk:Air forces"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Air_forces" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Air forces"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="List_of_air_forces" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_air_forces" title="List of air forces">List of</a> <a href="/wiki/Air_force" title="Air force">air forces</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abkhazian_Air_Force" title="Abkhazian Air Force">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_Air_Force" title="Afghan Air Force">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Air_Force" title="Albanian Air Force">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algerian_Air_Force" title="Algerian Air Force">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Air_Force_of_Angola" title="National Air Force of Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antigua_and_Barbuda_Defence_Force_Air_Wing" title="Antigua and Barbuda Defence Force Air Wing">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_Air_Force" title="Argentine Air Force">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Air_Force" title="Armenian Air Force">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Australian_Air_Force" title="Royal Australian Air Force">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_Air_Force" title="Austrian Air Force">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_Air_Forces" title="Azerbaijani Air Forces">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Bahamas_Defence_Force" title="Royal Bahamas Defence Force">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Bahraini_Air_Force" title="Royal Bahraini Air Force">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Air_Force" title="Bangladesh Air Force">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Air_Force" title="Belarusian Air Force">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_Air_Component" title="Belgian Air Component">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belize_Defence_Force_Air_Wing" title="Belize Defence Force Air Wing">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benin_Air_Force" title="Benin Air Force">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolivian_Air_Force" title="Bolivian Air Force">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_and_Anti-Aircraft_Defence_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Air Force and Anti-Aircraft Defence of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botswana_Defence_Force_Air_Wing" title="Botswana Defence Force Air Wing">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Air_Force" title="Brazilian Air Force">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Brunei_Air_Force" title="Royal Brunei Air Force">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Air_Force" title="Bulgarian Air Force">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Cambodian_Air_Force" title="Royal Cambodian Air Force">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameroon_Air_Force" title="Cameroon Air Force">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Air_Force" title="Royal Canadian Air Force">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic_Air_Force" title="Central African Republic Air Force">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chadian_Air_Force" title="Chadian Air Force">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilean_Air_Force" title="Chilean Air Force">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army_Air_Force" title="People's Liberation Army Air Force">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_Aerospace_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Colombian Aerospace Force">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congolese_Air_Force" title="Congolese Air Force">Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Air Force of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Congo DR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Air_Force" title="Croatian Air Force">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_Revolutionary_Air_and_Air_Defense_Force" title="Cuban Revolutionary Air and Air Defense Force">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus_Air_Command" title="Cyprus Air Command">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Air_Force" title="Czech Air Force">Czechia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Danish_Air_Force" title="Royal Danish Air Force">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djibouti_Air_Force" title="Djibouti Air Force">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Air_Force" title="Dominican Air Force">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecuadorian_Air_Force" title="Ecuadorian Air Force">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Air_Force" title="Egyptian Air Force">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvadoran_Air_Force" title="Salvadoran Air Force">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrean_Air_Force" title="Eritrean Air Force">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Air_Force" title="Estonian Air Force">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Air_Force" title="Ethiopian Air Force">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_Air_Force" title="Finnish Air Force">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Air_and_Space_Force" title="French Air and Space Force">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabonese_Air_Force" title="Gabonese Air Force">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Air_Force" title="Georgian Air Force">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Air_Force" title="German Air Force">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghana_Air_Force" title="Ghana Air Force">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenic_Air_Force" title="Hellenic Air Force">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guatemalan_Air_Force" title="Guatemalan Air Force">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau_Air_Force" title="Guinea-Bissau Air Force">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haiti_Air_Corps" class="mw-redirect" title="Haiti Air Corps">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honduran_Air_Force" title="Honduran Air Force">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Air_Force" title="Hungarian Air Force">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_Air_Policing" title="Icelandic Air Policing">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Air_Force" title="Indian Air Force">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_Air_Force" title="Indonesian Air Force">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Republic_of_Iran_Air_Force" title="Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Air_Force" title="Iraqi Air Force">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Air_Corps" title="Irish Air Corps">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_Air_Force" title="Israeli Air Force">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Air_Force" title="Italian Air Force">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_the_Republic_of_Ivory_Coast" title="Armed Forces of the Republic of Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_Air_Self-Defense_Force" title="Japan Air Self-Defense Force">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Jordanian_Air_Force" title="Royal Jordanian Air Force">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_Air_Defense_Forces" title="Kazakh Air Defense Forces">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya_Air_Force" title="Kenya Air Force">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwait_Air_Force" title="Kuwait Air Force">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_Air_Force" title="Kyrgyz Air Force">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_People%27s_Liberation_Army_Air_Force" title="Lao People's Liberation Army Air Force">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_Air_Force" title="Latvian Air Force">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_Air_Force" title="Lebanese Air Force">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberian_Armed_Forces#Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberian Armed Forces">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_Air_Force" title="Libyan Air Force">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Air_Force" title="Lithuanian Air Force">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malagasy_Air_Force" title="Malagasy Air Force">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Malaysian_Air_Force" title="Royal Malaysian Air Force">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malian_Air_Force" title="Malian Air Force">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Wing_of_the_Armed_Forces_of_Malta" title="Air Wing of the Armed Forces of Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritania_Islamic_Air_Force" title="Mauritania Islamic Air Force">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_Air_Force" title="Mexican Air Force">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldovan_Air_Force" title="Moldovan Air Force">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_Air_Force" title="Mongolian Air Force">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegrin_Air_Force" title="Montenegrin Air Force">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Moroccan_Air_Force" title="Royal Moroccan Air Force">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambique_Air_Force" title="Mozambique Air Force">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myanmar_Air_Force" title="Myanmar Air Force">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namibian_Air_Force" title="Namibian Air Force">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Netherlands_Air_Force" title="Royal Netherlands Air Force">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_New_Zealand_Air_Force" title="Royal New Zealand Air Force">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicaraguan_Air_Force" title="Nicaraguan Air Force">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_Air_Force" title="Nigerian Air Force">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_People%27s_Army_Air_Force" title="Korean People's Army Air Force">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia_Air_Brigade" title="North Macedonia Air Brigade">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Norwegian_Air_Force" title="Royal Norwegian Air Force">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force_of_Oman" title="Royal Air Force of Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraguayan_Air_Force" title="Paraguayan Air Force">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peruvian_Air_Force" title="Peruvian Air Force">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Air_Force" title="Philippine Air Force">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Air_Force" title="Polish Air Force">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Air_Force" title="Portuguese Air Force">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatar_Emiri_Air_Force" title="Qatar Emiri Air Force">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Air_Force" title="Romanian Air Force">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Air_Force" title="Russian Air Force">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rwandan_Air_Force" title="Rwandan Air Force">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Saudi_Air_Force" title="Royal Saudi Air Force">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senegalese_Air_Force" title="Senegalese Air Force">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_Air_Force_and_Air_Defence" title="Serbian Air Force and Air Defence">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Singapore_Air_Force" title="Republic of Singapore Air Force">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Air_Force" title="Slovak Air Force">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenian_Air_Force_and_Air_Defence" title="Slovenian Air Force and Air Defence">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_Air_Force" title="Somali Air Force">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Air_Force" title="South African Air Force">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Korea_Air_Force" title="Republic of Korea Air Force">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Sudan_Air_Force" title="South Sudan Air Force">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Air_and_Space_Force" title="Spanish Air and Space Force">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka_Air_Force" title="Sri Lanka Air Force">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudanese_Air_Force" title="Sudanese Air Force">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suriname_Air_Force" title="Suriname Air Force">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Air_Force" title="Swedish Air Force">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Air_Force" title="Swiss Air Force">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Air_Force" title="Syrian Air Force">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_Air_Force" title="Republic of China Air Force">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajik_Air_Force" title="Tajik Air Force">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzania_Air_Force_Command" title="Tanzania Air Force Command">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Thai_Air_Force" title="Royal Thai Air Force">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Togolese_Armed_Forces" title="Togolese Armed Forces">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongan_Air_Wing" title="Tongan Air Wing">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisian_Air_Force" title="Tunisian Air Force">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Air_Force" title="Turkish Air Force">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkmen_Air_Force" title="Turkmen Air Force">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uganda_Air_Force" title="Uganda Air Force">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Air_Force" title="Ukrainian Air Force">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates_Air_Force" title="United Arab Emirates Air Force">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguayan_Air_Force" title="Uruguayan Air Force">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan_Air_and_Air_Defence_Forces" title="Uzbekistan Air and Air Defence Forces">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Venezuelan Air Force">Venezuela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_People%27s_Air_Force" title="Vietnam People's Air Force">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_Air_Force" title="Yemeni Air Force">Yemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zambian_Air_Force" title="Zambian Air Force">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_of_Zimbabwe" 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