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[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Autentificare</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out user-links-collapsible-item" title="Mai multe opțiuni" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Unelte personale" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Unelte personale</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Meniul de utilizator" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=ro.wikipedia.org&uselang=ro"><span>Donații</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%C3%8Enregistrare&returnto=Carbonat" title="Vă încurajăm să vă creați un cont și să vă autentificați; totuși, nu este obligatoriu"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Creare cont</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Autentificare&returnto=Carbonat" title="Sunteți încurajat să vă autentificați, deși acest lucru nu este obligatoriu. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Autentificare</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Cuprins" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Cuprins</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mută în bara laterală</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Început</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Proprietăți" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Proprietăți"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Proprietăți</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Proprietăți-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reacții" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reacții"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Reacții</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reacții-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Răspândire_și_utilizare" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Răspândire_și_utilizare"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Răspândire și utilizare</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Răspândire_și_utilizare-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Carbonați_mai_importanți" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Carbonați_mai_importanți"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Carbonați mai importanți</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Carbonați_mai_importanți-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vezi_și" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vezi_și"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Vezi și</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vezi_și-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Cuprins" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Comută cuprinsul" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Comută cuprinsul</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Carbonat</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Mergeți la un articol în altă limbă. Disponibil în 61 limbi" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-61" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">61 limbi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbonaat" title="Karbonaat – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Karbonaat" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="كربونات – arabă" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كربونات" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonatu" title="Carbonatu – asturiană" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Carbonatu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbonatlar" title="Karbonatlar – azeră" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Karbonatlar" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azeră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="کربونات – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="کربونات" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Карбонат – bulgară" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Карбонат" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbonat" title="Karbonat – bosniacă" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Karbonat" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonat" title="Carbonat – catalană" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Carbonat" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uhli%C4%8Ditany" title="Uhličitany – cehă" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Uhličitany" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="cehă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Карбонат – ciuvașă" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Карбонат" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="ciuvașă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonat" title="Carbonat – daneză" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Carbonat" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonate" title="Carbonate – germană" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Carbonate" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="germană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BD%CE%B8%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CE%AC%CE%BB%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Ανθρακικό άλας – greacă" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ανθρακικό άλας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonate" title="Carbonate – engleză" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Carbonate" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbonato" title="Karbonato – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Karbonato" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonato" title="Carbonato – spaniolă" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Carbonato" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spaniolă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbonaadid" title="Karbonaadid – estonă" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Karbonaadid" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbonato" title="Karbonato – bască" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Karbonato" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="bască" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="کربنات – persană" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کربنات" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbonaatti" title="Karbonaatti – finlandeză" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Karbonaatti" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonate" title="Carbonate – franceză" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Carbonate" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franceză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbonaat" title="Karbonaat – frizonă nordică" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Karbonaat" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frizonă nordică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carb%C3%B3n%C3%A1it" title="Carbónáit – irlandeză" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Carbónáit" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonato" title="Carbonato – galiciană" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Carbonato" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiciană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%98" title="קרבונט – ebraică" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קרבונט" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F" title="कार्बोनेट – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कार्बोनेट" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbon%C3%A1t" title="Karbonát – maghiară" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Karbonát" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="maghiară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A2%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Կարբոնատներ – armeană" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կարբոնատներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbonat" title="Karbonat – indoneziană" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Karbonat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indoneziană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonati" title="Carbonati – italiană" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Carbonati" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%82%AD%E9%85%B8%E5%A1%A9" title="炭酸塩 – japoneză" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="炭酸塩" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Карбонат – kazahă" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Карбонат" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazahă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AC%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%B3%E0%B3%81" title="ಕಾರ್ಬೋನೇಟುಗಳು – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕಾರ್ಬೋನೇಟುಗಳು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%83%84%EC%82%B0%EC%97%BC" title="탄산염 – coreeană" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="탄산염" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Карбонаттар – kârgâză" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Карбонаттар" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kârgâză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbon%C4%81ti" title="Karbonāti – letonă" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Karbonāti" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Карбонат – macedoneană" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Карбонат" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoneană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbonat" title="Karbonat – malaeză" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Karbonat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonaat" title="Carbonaat – neerlandeză" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Carbonaat" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbonat" title="Karbonat – norvegiană nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Karbonat" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegiană nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbonat" title="Karbonat – norvegiană bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Karbonat" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegiană bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%9F" title="ਕਾਰਬੋਨੇਟ – punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕਾਰਬੋਨੇਟ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C4%99glany" title="Węglany – poloneză" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Węglany" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonato" title="Carbonato – portugheză" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Carbonato" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Карбонаты – rusă" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Карбонаты" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbonat" title="Karbonat – sârbo-croată" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Karbonat" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="sârbo-croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonate" title="Carbonate – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Carbonate" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uhli%C4%8Ditan" title="Uhličitan – slovacă" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Uhličitan" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbonat" title="Karbonat – slovenă" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Karbonat" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Карбонат – sârbă" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Карбонат" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="sârbă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbonat" title="Karbonat – suedeză" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Karbonat" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suedeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabonati" title="Kabonati – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kabonati" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81" title="கார்பனேட்டு – tamilă" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கார்பனேட்டு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbonat" title="Karbonat – turcă" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Karbonat" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turcă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Карбонати – ucraineană" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Карбонати" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraineană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonat" title="Carbonat – vietnameză" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Carbonat" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnameză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A2%B3%E9%85%B8%E6%A0%B9" title="碳酸根 – chineză wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="碳酸根" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="chineză wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A2%B3%E9%85%B8%E7%9B%90" title="碳酸盐 – chineză" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="碳酸盐" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chineză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A2%B3%E9%85%B8%E9%B9%BD" title="碳酸鹽 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="碳酸鹽" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%B2a%E2%81%BF-sng-i%C3%A2m" title="Thòaⁿ-sng-iâm – chineză min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Thòaⁿ-sng-iâm" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="chineză min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A2%B3%E9%85%B8%E9%B9%BD" title="碳酸鹽 – cantoneză" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="碳酸鹽" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q181699#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifică legăturile interlinguale" class="wbc-editpage">Modifică legăturile</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Spații de nume"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Carbonat" title="Vedeți conținutul paginii [a]" accesskey="a"><span>Articol</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discu%C8%9Bie:Carbonat" rel="discussion" title="Discuții despre această pagină [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discuție</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">română</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Vizualizări"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Carbonat"><span>Lectură</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbonat&veaction=edit" title="Modificați această pagină cu EditorulVizual [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modificare</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbonat&action=edit" title="Modificați codul sursă al acestei pagini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modificare sursă</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbonat&action=history" title="Versiunile anterioare ale paginii și autorii lor. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Istoric</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Unelte" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Unelte</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Unelte</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">mută în bara laterală</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Mai multe opțiuni" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Acțiuni </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Carbonat"><span>Lectură</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbonat&veaction=edit" title="Modificați această pagină cu EditorulVizual [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modificare</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbonat&action=edit" title="Modificați codul sursă al acestei pagini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modificare sursă</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbonat&action=history"><span>Istoric</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Ce_se_leag%C4%83_aici/Carbonat" title="Lista tuturor paginilor wiki care conduc spre această pagină [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Ce trimite aici</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Modific%C4%83ri_corelate/Carbonat" rel="nofollow" title="Schimbări recente în legătură cu această pagină [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Schimbări corelate</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Trimite_fișier" title="Încărcare fișiere [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Trimite fișier</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbonat&oldid=16175556" title="Legătură permanentă către această versiune a acestei pagini"><span>Legătură permanentă</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbonat&action=info" title="Mai multe informații despre această pagină"><span>Informații despre pagină</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Citeaz%C4%83&page=Carbonat&id=16175556&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informații cu privire la modul de citare a acestei pagini"><span>Citează acest articol</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fro.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FCarbonat"><span>Obține URL scurtat</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fro.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FCarbonat"><span>Descărcați codul QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tipărire/exportare </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Carte&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Carbonat"><span>Creare carte</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Carbonat&action=show-download-screen"><span>Descărcare ca PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbonat&printable=yes" title="Versiunea de tipărit a acestei pagini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versiune de tipărit</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> În alte proiecte </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Carbonates" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q181699" title="Legătură către elementul asociat din depozitul de date [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Element Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspect"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aspect</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mută în bara laterală</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">De la Wikipedia, enciclopedia liberă</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ro" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16501920">.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0px 10%;border:1px solid #aaa;border-left:10px solid #1e90ff;background:#fbfbfb}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-notice{border-left:10px solid #1e90ff}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b22222;background:#fee}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b22222}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #f4c430}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #bba}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-notice{border-left:10px solid #000f1e!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#310402!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output 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.ambox-delete,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-content,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-style,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{background-color:#202122!important}}</style><table class="metadata plainlinks ambox ambox ambox-content ambox-content" style=""> <tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width: 52px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Question_book-4.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/45px-Question_book-4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/68px-Question_book-4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/90px-Question_book-4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="262" data-file-height="204" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text" style=""><span class="mbox-text-span"><b>Acest articol sau această secțiune are <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citarea_surselor" title="Wikipedia:Citarea surselor">bibliografia</a> incompletă sau inexistentă.</b><br />Puteți contribui prin adăugarea de referințe în vederea <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verificabilitate" title="Wikipedia:Verificabilitate">susținerii bibliografice</a> a afirmațiilor pe care le conține.<span class="hide-when-compact"> </span><span class="hide-when-compact"> </span></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Carbonate.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Carbonate.svg/150px-Carbonate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Carbonate.svg/225px-Carbonate.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Carbonate.svg/300px-Carbonate.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="140" /></a><figcaption>Structura chimică</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Carbonații</b> sunt săruri disociate a <a href="/wiki/Acid_carbonic" title="Acid carbonic">acidului carbonic</a> <span class="FormChim">H<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub></span>. Aici aparține legătura realizată prin anionul de carbonat CO<sub>3</sub><sup>2-</sup>. </p><p>De asemenea, este numiti carbonat <a href="/wiki/Ester" title="Ester">esterul</a> acidului carbonic, cu formula strcturală R-O-C(=O)-O-R, unde R si R' sunt resturi ce conțin carbon. Dacă R și R' aparțin de aceași moleculă se formează un inel ciclic pentagonal care este numerotat după cum urmează: </p> <ol><li>oxigen (-O-)</li> <li>oxid de carbon (-C(=O)-)</li> <li>oxigen (-O-)</li> <li>alchil (-C(CH<sub>3</sub>)H-)</li> <li>metilen (-CH<sub>2</sub>-)</li></ol> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Proprietăți"><span id="Propriet.C4.83.C8.9Bi"></span>Proprietăți</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbonat&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifică secțiunea: Proprietăți" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbonat&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Proprietăți"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Carbonații sunt săruri ionice, de aceea la temperatura camerei se prezintă sub formă solidă cristalizată. Anionul de carbonat nu are culoare; din această cauză culoarea este determinată de cationi. Carbonații nu au miros (sunt inodori). Cu excepția carbonaților <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alcalin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alcalin — pagină inexistentă">alcalini</a>, se dizolvă greu în <a href="/wiki/Ap%C4%83" title="Apă">apă</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reacții"><span id="Reac.C8.9Bii"></span>Reacții</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbonat&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifică secțiunea: Reacții" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbonat&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Reacții"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Reacția dintre acidul carbonic și carbonat: <i><a href="/wiki/Carbonat_de_calciu" title="Carbonat de calciu">carbonat de calciu</a> + apă + <a href="/wiki/Bioxid_de_carbon" class="mw-redirect" title="Bioxid de carbon">dioxid de carbon</a> --> hidrocarbonat de calciu:</i> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {CaCO_{3}\ +H_{2}O\ +CO_{2}\ \rightarrow Ca(HCO_{3})_{2}\ } }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mtext> </mtext> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mtext> </mtext> <mo>+</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mtext> </mtext> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mtext> </mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {CaCO_{3}\ +H_{2}O\ +CO_{2}\ \rightarrow Ca(HCO_{3})_{2}\ } }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f97fc711fe38364862f6e369191ba7370f8c29fd" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:40.132ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {CaCO_{3}\ +H_{2}O\ +CO_{2}\ \rightarrow Ca(HCO_{3})_{2}\ } }" /></span> </p><p>Această reacție arată formarea apei dure (bogată în carbonați). </p><p>Disocierea în apă: <i><a href="/wiki/Carbonat_de_magneziu" title="Carbonat de magneziu">carbonat de magneziu</a> --><a href="/wiki/Ion" title="Ion">ion</a> de <a href="/wiki/Magneziu" title="Magneziu">magneziu</a> + dioxid de carbon</i> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {Mg_{2}(CO_{3})_{2}\ \rightarrow Mg^{2+}\ +CO_{3}^{2-}\ } }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">M</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mtext> </mtext> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">M</mi> <msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> <mo>+</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mtext> </mtext> <mo>+</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <msubsup> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext> </mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {Mg_{2}(CO_{3})_{2}\ \rightarrow Mg^{2+}\ +CO_{3}^{2-}\ } }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ace44bc4e0671a5047e7dfcb0e768cadcab1fd42" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:31.393ex; height:3.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {Mg_{2}(CO_{3})_{2}\ \rightarrow Mg^{2+}\ +CO_{3}^{2-}\ } }" /></span> </p><p>Descompunerea la căldură: <i>carbonat de calciu --> <a href="/wiki/Oxid_de_calciu" title="Oxid de calciu">oxid de calciu</a> + dioxid de carbon</i> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {CaCO_{3}\ \rightarrow CaO\ +CO_{2}\ } }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mtext> </mtext> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mtext> </mtext> <mo>+</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mtext> </mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {CaCO_{3}\ \rightarrow CaO\ +CO_{2}\ } }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/9a2ed799198ad8fb29b40d93a95b10b56b899b8d" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:24.766ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {CaCO_{3}\ \rightarrow CaO\ +CO_{2}\ } }" /></span> </p><p>Această reacție arată producerea varului nestins. </p><p><i>Ciclul: silicați-carbonați:</i> </p><p>1.Ciclul începe prin formarea acidului carbonic: </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {CO_{2}\ +H_{2}O\ \rightarrow H_{2}CO_{3}\ } }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mtext> </mtext> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mtext> </mtext> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mtext> </mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {CO_{2}\ +H_{2}O\ \rightarrow H_{2}CO_{3}\ } }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/4a75e4f733b91d3d8c56f731e877471f1d9f16d8" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:24.68ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {CO_{2}\ +H_{2}O\ \rightarrow H_{2}CO_{3}\ } }" /></span> </p><p>2.Apa de ploaie care conține acid carbonic erodează rocile care conțin <a href="/wiki/Silica%C8%9Bi" class="mw-redirect" title="Silicați">silicați</a> de <a href="/wiki/Calciu" title="Calciu">calciu</a> astfel va rezulta ioni de calciu și ioni de bicarbonat. </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {H_{2}CO_{3}\ +CaO_{x}\ \rightarrow Ca^{2+}\ +HCO_{3}^{-}\ } }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mtext> </mtext> <mo>+</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">x</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mtext> </mtext> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> <mo>+</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mtext> </mtext> <mo>+</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <msubsup> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext> </mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {H_{2}CO_{3}\ +CaO_{x}\ \rightarrow Ca^{2+}\ +HCO_{3}^{-}\ } }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a65ac617ce392c70e493b284ac58f62e0a095c88" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:36.618ex; height:3.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {H_{2}CO_{3}\ +CaO_{x}\ \rightarrow Ca^{2+}\ +HCO_{3}^{-}\ } }" /></span> </p><p>Acești ioni rezultați vor fi transportați de apele curgătoare în mări, unde microorganismele (planctonul) folosesc ionii de calciu la construirea cochiliilor, care după moartea lor vor alcătui sedimentele de carbonați de pe fundul mărilor. </p><p>Aceste sedimente vor fi în următoarele perioade geologice prin mișcări tectonice vor ajunge în interiorul straturile pământului. </p><p>Prin procesele de <a href="/wiki/Vulcanism" title="Vulcanism">vulcanism</a> sub acțiunea unei presiuni și temperaturi ridicate reacționează carbonatul de calciu cu <a href="/wiki/Cuar%C8%9B" title="Cuarț">cuarțul</a> (metamorfismul carbonaților). Astfel iau naștere din nou prin eliminarea bioxidului de carbon <a href="/wiki/Silica%C8%9Bi" class="mw-redirect" title="Silicați">silicații</a>. </p><p>Determinarea carbonaților se face prin reacția efervescentă a carbonatului de calciu cu acidul clorhidric. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Răspândire_și_utilizare"><span id="R.C4.83sp.C3.A2ndire_.C8.99i_utilizare"></span>Răspândire și utilizare</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbonat&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifică secțiunea: Răspândire și utilizare" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbonat&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Răspândire și utilizare"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Carbonat_de_calciu" title="Carbonat de calciu">Carbonatul de calciu</a> este prezent în <a href="/wiki/Calcar" title="Calcar">calcare</a>, ciment, beton, sau îngrășăminte chimice (amendamente). De asemenea, se mai află: </p> <ul><li>In <a href="/wiki/Marmur%C4%83" title="Marmură">marmură</a>, utilizat în construcții</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Cret%C4%83" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Cretă">cretă</a>, folosită în școli</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Medicin%C4%83" title="Medicină">medicină</a> este folosit ca antiacid îi hiperaciditatea gastrică, sau tratarea rahitismului</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Farmacologie" title="Farmacologie">farmacologie</a>, ca emulgator la prepararea de pulberi, alifii, drageuri</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Industrie_alimentar%C4%83" title="Industrie alimentară">industria alimentară</a>, fiind notat E 170 (colorant netoxic)</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Cosmetic%C4%83" title="Cosmetică">cosmetică</a> ,a pulberi sicative</li> <li>In tehnică și <a href="/wiki/Agricultur%C4%83" title="Agricultură">agricultură</a>, îngrășăminte chimice, ca prisme pentru aparate optice</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Biologie" title="Biologie">biologie</a>, în natură fiind folosit de organismele marine pentru alcătuirea cochiliilor</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Carbonați_mai_importanți"><span id="Carbona.C8.9Bi_mai_importan.C8.9Bi"></span>Carbonați mai importanți</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbonat&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifică secțiunea: Carbonați mai importanți" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbonat&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Carbonați mai importanți"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Carbonatul de potasiu</li> <li>Carbonatul de sodiu (soda)</li> <li>Carbonatul de calciu (calcar, creta)</li> <li>Carbonatul de magneziu și calciu (dolomitul)</li> <li>Ca și carbonat organic pot fi amintite: <ul><li>bimetil-carbonatul (<span class="FormChim">C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>6</sub>O<sub>3</sub></span>)</li> <li>polimerii ca <a href="/wiki/Policarbonat" title="Policarbonat">policarbonații</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vezi_și"><span id="Vezi_.C8.99i"></span>Vezi și</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbonat&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifică secțiunea: Vezi și" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbonat&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Vezi și"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bicarbonat" title="Bicarbonat">Bicarbonat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Policarbonat" title="Policarbonat">Policarbonat</a></li></ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table 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