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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vocales"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Vocales</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vocales-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Consonantes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Consonantes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Consonantes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Consonantes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Diacríticos_vocálicos" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diacríticos_vocálicos"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Diacríticos vocálicos</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Diacríticos_vocálicos-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Números" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Números"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Números</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Números-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uso" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uso"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Uso</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uso-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lanydza" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lanydza"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Lanydza</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lanydza-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Monograma_(Kutākshar)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Monograma_(Kutākshar)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Monograma (Kutākshar)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Monograma_(Kutākshar)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Desde_el_siglo_XX_hasta_el_Nepal_actual" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Desde_el_siglo_XX_hasta_el_Nepal_actual"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Desde el siglo <span>XX</span> hasta el Nepal actual</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Desde_el_siglo_XX_hasta_el_Nepal_actual-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referencias" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referencias"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Referencias</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referencias-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Enlaces_externos" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Enlaces_externos"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Enlaces externos</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Enlaces_externos-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contenidos" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Cambiar a la tabla de contenidos" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Cambiar a la tabla de contenidos</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Alfabeto ranjana</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ir a un artículo en otro idioma. Disponible en 23 idiomas" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-23" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">23 idiomas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%9E%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF" title="ৰঞ্জনা লিপি (asamés)" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ৰঞ্জনা লিপি" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="asamés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabet_ranjana" title="Alfabet ranjana (catalán)" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Alfabet ranjana" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalán" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranjana_script" title="Ranjana script (inglés)" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Ranjana script" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%B4%D9%86%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D9%86%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C" title="خوشنویسی نپالی (persa)" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="خوشنویسی نپالی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newarilainen_kirjaimisto" title="Newarilainen kirjaimisto (finés)" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Newarilainen kirjaimisto" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranjana" title="Ranjana (francés)" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ranjana" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF" title="रंजना लिपि (hindi)" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="रंजना लिपि" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aksara_Ranjana" title="Aksara Ranjana (indonesio)" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Aksara Ranjana" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A3%E3%83%8A%E3%83%BC%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="ランジャナー文字 (japonés)" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ランジャナー文字" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B2_%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%BF" title="ಕುಟಿಲ ಲಿಪಿ (canarés)" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕುಟಿಲ ಲಿಪಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="canarés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%9E%80%EC%9E%90%EB%82%98_%EB%AC%B8%EC%9E%90" title="란자나 문자 (coreano)" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="란자나 문자" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%9E%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF" title="रञ्जना लिपि (maithili)" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="रञ्जना लिपि" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80" title="रंजना लिपी (maratí)" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="रंजना लिपी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="maratí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%9E%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF" title="रञ्जना लिपि (nepalí)" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="रञ्जना लिपि" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%9E%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF" title="रञ्जना लिपि (nevarí)" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="रञ्जना लिपि" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="nevarí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranjana" title="Ranjana (noruego bokmal)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ranjana" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="noruego bokmal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rand%C5%BAana" title="Randźana (polaco)" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Randźana" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%A7_%D9%84%D9%BE%DB%8C" title="رنجنا لپی (Western Punjabi)" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="رنجنا لپی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Ранджана (ruso)" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ранджана" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%9E%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%83" title="रञ्जनालिपिः (sánscrito)" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="रञ्जनालिपिः" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sánscrito" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%9E%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BE_%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%B4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%88" title="ரஞ்சனா எழுத்துமுறை (tamil)" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ரஞ்சனா எழுத்துமுறை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2" title="อักษรรัญชนา (tailandés)" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อักษรรัญชนา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tailandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%98%AD%E6%9C%AD%E6%96%87" title="蘭札文 (chino)" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="蘭札文" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2385276#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Editar enlaces interlingüísticos" class="wbc-editpage">Editar enlaces</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espacios de nombres"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r157776694">.mw-parser-output .infobox .imagen{max-width:100%;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .imagen img{max-width:100%;height:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .mw-kartographer-container .thumbinner,.mw-parser-output .infobox .mw-kartographer-map{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%!important}body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .infobox .imagen a.image>img{max-width:100%!important;height:auto!important}</style><table class="infobox" style="width:22.7em; line-height: 1.4em; text-align:left; padding:.23em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="3" class="cabecera" style="text-align:center;background-color:transparent;color:inherit;background:#e6e6e6;;">Alfabeto ranjana</th></tr><tr><td colspan="3" class="imagen" style="text-align:center;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Jwajalapa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7c/Jwajalapa.jpg" decoding="async" width="274" height="118" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="108" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;background:#f0f0f0;;">Tipo</th><td colspan="2"> <a href="/wiki/Alfasilabario" title="Alfasilabario">Alfasilabario</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;background:#f0f0f0;;">Idiomas</th><td colspan="2"> <a href="/wiki/Idioma_newar" class="mw-redirect" title="Idioma newar">Idioma newar</a>, <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1nscrito" title="Sánscrito">sánscrito</a> y <a href="/wiki/Idioma_tibetano" title="Idioma tibetano">tibetano</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;background:#f0f0f0;;">Época</th><td colspan="2"> 1100 – actualidad</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;background:#f0f0f0;;">Antecesores</th><td colspan="2"> <div style="line-height:100%;"> <a href="/wiki/Brahmi" title="Brahmi">Brahmi</a><ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:15px; padding-left:0"><li><a href="/wiki/Alfabeto_gupta" title="Alfabeto gupta">Alfabeto gupta</a><ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:5px; padding-left:0"><li><a href="/wiki/Alfabeto_nepal%C3%AD" title="Alfabeto nepalí">nepalí</a><ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:5px; padding-left:0"><li>Alfabeto ranjana</li></ul></li></ul> </li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;background:#f0f0f0;;">Hermanos</th><td colspan="2"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfabeto_prachalit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alfabeto prachalit (aún no redactado)">Prachalit</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfabeto_litumol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alfabeto litumol (aún no redactado)">litumol</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;background:#f0f0f0;;">Dio lugar a</th><td colspan="2"> <a href="/wiki/Alfabeto_soyombo" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfabeto soyombo">alfabeto soyombo</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;background:#f0f0f0;;">Dirección</th><td colspan="2"> <a href="/wiki/Escritura_de_izquierda_a_derecha" class="mw-redirect" title="Escritura de izquierda a derecha">dextroverso</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;background:#f0f0f0;;"><a href="/wiki/Organizaci%C3%B3n_Internacional_de_Normalizaci%C3%B3n" title="Organización Internacional de Normalización">ISO</a> 15924</th><td colspan="2"> <code>Ranj, 303</code></td></tr><tr><td class="noprint" colspan="3" style="text-align:left;"><div class="plainlinks wikidata-link" style="font-size: 0.85em">[<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2385276" class="extiw" title="d:Q2385276">editar datos en Wikidata</a>]</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Maru_tol_street_sign.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Maru_tol_street_sign.jpg/220px-Maru_tol_street_sign.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Maru_tol_street_sign.jpg/330px-Maru_tol_street_sign.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Maru_tol_street_sign.jpg/440px-Maru_tol_street_sign.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Cartel en Katmandú en alfabeto ranjana, devanagari y latino.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Kmc3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Kmc3.jpg/220px-Kmc3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Kmc3.jpg/330px-Kmc3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Kmc3.jpg/440px-Kmc3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Letrero de la Oficina de la Ciutat Metropolitana de <a href="/wiki/Katmand%C3%BA" title="Katmandú">Katmandú</a> en devanagari, ranjana (segunda fila) e inglés.</figcaption></figure> <p>El <b>alfabeto ranjana</b> o <b>lantsa</b> es un sistema de <a href="/wiki/Alfabetos_br%C3%A1hmicos" title="Alfabetos bráhmicos">escritura bráhmico</a> <a href="/wiki/Abugida" class="mw-redirect" title="Abugida">alfasilabario</a> que se desarrolló en el siglo <span style="font-variant:small-caps;text-transform:lowercase">XI</span> en <a href="/wiki/Nepal_bhasa" class="mw-redirect" title="Nepal bhasa">Nepal</a> y se utilizó hasta mediados del siglo <span style="font-variant:small-caps;text-transform:lowercase">XX</span> por la etnia de <a href="/wiki/Nepal_bhasa" class="mw-redirect" title="Nepal bhasa">Newar (o Nepal Bhasa)</a>, los habitantes históricos del <a href="/wiki/Valle_de_Katmand%C3%BA" title="Valle de Katmandú">valle de Katmandú</a>, para escribir <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1nscrito" title="Sánscrito">sánscrito</a> y <a href="/wiki/Nepal_bhasa" class="mw-redirect" title="Nepal bhasa">newarés</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-https_1-0" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-https-1"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>1<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup> Actualmente también se utiliza todavía en monasterios budistas de <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> y <a href="/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_Popular_China" title="República Popular China">China</a>, especialmente en áreas <a href="/wiki/Budismo" title="Budismo">budistas</a> tibetanas en la <a href="/wiki/Regi%C3%B3n_aut%C3%B3noma_del_T%C3%ADbet" title="Región autónoma del Tíbet">Región Autónoma del Tíbet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yunnan" title="Yunnan">Yunnan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qinghai" title="Qinghai">Qinghai</a> y <a href="/wiki/Gansu" title="Gansu">Gansu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a>, y <a href="/wiki/Jap%C3%B3n" title="Japón">Japón</a>. Normalmente se escribe de izquierda a derecha pero la forma Kutakshar se escribe de arriba abajo. Además, también se considera la escritura caligráfica nepalesa estándar. </p><p>El ranjana es una <a href="/wiki/Brahmi" title="Brahmi">escritura Brahmi</a> y tiene algunos parecidos con el <a href="/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari">Devanagari</a> del subcontinente indio, notablemente en el <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a> y al norte del <a href="/wiki/Subcontinente_indio" title="Subcontinente indio">India</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Omniglot_2-0" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-Omniglot-2"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>2<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup> Este alfabeto también se utiliza en la mayoría de monasterios <a href="/wiki/Mah%C4%81y%C4%81na" title="Mahāyāna">Mahayana</a> y <a href="/wiki/Vajray%C4%81na" title="Vajrayāna">Vajrayana</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>3<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup> Junto con el <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfabeto_prachalit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alfabeto prachalit (aún no redactado)">alfabeto prachalit</a> del Nepal, es considerado uno de los sistemas de escritura de Nepal.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>4<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Un ejemplo destacado de las primeras muestras de la escritura ranjana es lo Sutra Astasahasrika Prajnaparamita, escrito con tinta de oro por Bhiksu Ananda de Kapitanagar, que data del año 345 del calendario lunar nepalés Nepal Sambat (1215 dC).<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>5<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Alfabeto">Alfabeto</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfabeto_ranjana&action=edit&section=1" title="Editar sección: Alfabeto"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vocales">Vocales</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfabeto_ranjana&action=edit&section=2" title="Editar sección: Vocales"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Tianjin_Temple_Sanskrit_Ranjana_Script.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Tianjin_Temple_Sanskrit_Ranjana_Script.jpeg/220px-Tianjin_Temple_Sanskrit_Ranjana_Script.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Tianjin_Temple_Sanskrit_Ranjana_Script.jpeg/330px-Tianjin_Temple_Sanskrit_Ranjana_Script.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Tianjin_Temple_Sanskrit_Ranjana_Script.jpeg/440px-Tianjin_Temple_Sanskrit_Ranjana_Script.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="2142" data-file-height="1902" /></a><figcaption>Mantra en alfabeto ranjana, en el techo de un templo budista a <a href="/wiki/Tianjin" title="Tianjin">Tianjin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_Popular_China" title="República Popular China">China</a>.</figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Ranjana_a.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Ranjana_a.svg/24px-Ranjana_a.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Ranjana_a.svg/36px-Ranjana_a.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Ranjana_a.svg/48px-Ranjana_a.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> a अ </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Ranjana_ah.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Ranjana_ah.svg/24px-Ranjana_ah.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Ranjana_ah.svg/36px-Ranjana_ah.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Ranjana_ah.svg/48px-Ranjana_ah.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> aḥ अः </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Ranjana_aa.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Ranjana_aa.svg/24px-Ranjana_aa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Ranjana_aa.svg/36px-Ranjana_aa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Ranjana_aa.svg/48px-Ranjana_aa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> ā आ </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Ranjana_script_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%83.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Ranjana_script_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%83.jpg/24px-Ranjana_script_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%83.jpg" decoding="async" width="24" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Ranjana_script_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%83.jpg/36px-Ranjana_script_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%83.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Ranjana_script_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%83.jpg/48px-Ranjana_script_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%83.jpg 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="57" /></a></span> āḥ आः </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Ranjana_i.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Ranjana_i.svg/30px-Ranjana_i.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Ranjana_i.svg/45px-Ranjana_i.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Ranjana_i.svg/60px-Ranjana_i.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> i इ </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Ranjana_ii.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Ranjana_ii.svg/24px-Ranjana_ii.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Ranjana_ii.svg/36px-Ranjana_ii.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Ranjana_ii.svg/48px-Ranjana_ii.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> ī ई </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Ranjana_u.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Ranjana_u.svg/24px-Ranjana_u.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Ranjana_u.svg/36px-Ranjana_u.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Ranjana_u.svg/48px-Ranjana_u.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> u उ </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Ranjana_uu.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Ranjana_uu.svg/24px-Ranjana_uu.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Ranjana_uu.svg/36px-Ranjana_uu.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Ranjana_uu.svg/48px-Ranjana_uu.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> ū ऊ </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Ranjana_ri.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Ranjana_ri.svg/24px-Ranjana_ri.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Ranjana_ri.svg/36px-Ranjana_ri.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Ranjana_ri.svg/48px-Ranjana_ri.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> ṛ ऋ </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Ranjana_rii.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Ranjana_rii.svg/24px-Ranjana_rii.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Ranjana_rii.svg/36px-Ranjana_rii.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Ranjana_rii.svg/48px-Ranjana_rii.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> ṝ ॠ </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Ranjana_li.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Ranjana_li.svg/24px-Ranjana_li.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Ranjana_li.svg/36px-Ranjana_li.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Ranjana_li.svg/48px-Ranjana_li.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> ḷ ऌ </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Ranjana_lii.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Ranjana_lii.svg/24px-Ranjana_lii.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Ranjana_lii.svg/36px-Ranjana_lii.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Ranjana_lii.svg/48px-Ranjana_lii.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> ḹ ॡ </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Ranjana_e.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Ranjana_e.svg/24px-Ranjana_e.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Ranjana_e.svg/36px-Ranjana_e.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Ranjana_e.svg/48px-Ranjana_e.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> e ए </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Ranjana_ai.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Ranjana_ai.svg/24px-Ranjana_ai.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Ranjana_ai.svg/36px-Ranjana_ai.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Ranjana_ai.svg/48px-Ranjana_ai.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> ai ऐ </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Ranjana_o.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Ranjana_o.svg/24px-Ranjana_o.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Ranjana_o.svg/36px-Ranjana_o.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Ranjana_o.svg/48px-Ranjana_o.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> o ओ </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Ranjana_au.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Ranjana_au.svg/24px-Ranjana_au.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Ranjana_au.svg/36px-Ranjana_au.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Ranjana_au.svg/48px-Ranjana_au.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> au औ </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Ranjana_script_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%81.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Ranjana_script_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%81.jpg/30px-Ranjana_script_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%81.jpg" decoding="async" width="30" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f0/Ranjana_script_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%81.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="41" data-file-height="47" /></a></span> å अँ </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Ranjana_am.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Ranjana_am.svg/24px-Ranjana_am.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Ranjana_am.svg/36px-Ranjana_am.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Ranjana_am.svg/48px-Ranjana_am.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> aṃ अं </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Ranjana_script_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8D.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Ranjana_script_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8D.jpg/30px-Ranjana_script_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8D.jpg" decoding="async" width="30" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Ranjana_script_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8D.jpg/45px-Ranjana_script_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8D.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Ranjana_script_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8D.jpg/60px-Ranjana_script_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8D.jpg 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="58" /></a></span> aj अय् </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8D,_Ranjana_script.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8D%2C_Ranjana_script.jpg/30px-%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8D%2C_Ranjana_script.jpg" decoding="async" width="30" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8D%2C_Ranjana_script.jpg/45px-%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8D%2C_Ranjana_script.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8D%2C_Ranjana_script.jpg/60px-%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8D%2C_Ranjana_script.jpg 2x" data-file-width="67" data-file-height="62" /></a></span> āj आय् </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8D,_Ranjana_script.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8D%2C_Ranjana_script.jpg/30px-%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8D%2C_Ranjana_script.jpg" decoding="async" width="30" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8D%2C_Ranjana_script.jpg/45px-%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8D%2C_Ranjana_script.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8D%2C_Ranjana_script.jpg/60px-%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8D%2C_Ranjana_script.jpg 2x" data-file-width="70" data-file-height="53" /></a></span> ej एय् </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Consonantes">Consonantes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfabeto_ranjana&action=edit&section=3" title="Editar sección: Consonantes"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Ranjana_k.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Ranjana_k.svg/24px-Ranjana_k.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Ranjana_k.svg/36px-Ranjana_k.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Ranjana_k.svg/48px-Ranjana_k.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> k क </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Ranjana_kh.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Ranjana_kh.svg/24px-Ranjana_kh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Ranjana_kh.svg/36px-Ranjana_kh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Ranjana_kh.svg/48px-Ranjana_kh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> kh ख </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Ranjana_g.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Ranjana_g.svg/24px-Ranjana_g.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Ranjana_g.svg/36px-Ranjana_g.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Ranjana_g.svg/48px-Ranjana_g.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> g ग </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Ranjana_gh.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Ranjana_gh.svg/24px-Ranjana_gh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Ranjana_gh.svg/36px-Ranjana_gh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Ranjana_gh.svg/48px-Ranjana_gh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> gh घ </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Ranjana_ng.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Ranjana_ng.svg/24px-Ranjana_ng.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Ranjana_ng.svg/36px-Ranjana_ng.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Ranjana_ng.svg/48px-Ranjana_ng.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> ṅ ङ </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Ranjana_c.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Ranjana_c.svg/24px-Ranjana_c.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Ranjana_c.svg/36px-Ranjana_c.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Ranjana_c.svg/48px-Ranjana_c.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> c च </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Ranjana_ch.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Ranjana_ch.svg/24px-Ranjana_ch.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Ranjana_ch.svg/36px-Ranjana_ch.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Ranjana_ch.svg/48px-Ranjana_ch.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> ch छ </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Ranjana_j.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Ranjana_j.svg/24px-Ranjana_j.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Ranjana_j.svg/36px-Ranjana_j.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Ranjana_j.svg/48px-Ranjana_j.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> j ज </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Ranjana_jh.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Ranjana_jh.svg/24px-Ranjana_jh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Ranjana_jh.svg/36px-Ranjana_jh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Ranjana_jh.svg/48px-Ranjana_jh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> jh झ </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Ranjana_ny.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Ranjana_ny.svg/24px-Ranjana_ny.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Ranjana_ny.svg/36px-Ranjana_ny.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Ranjana_ny.svg/48px-Ranjana_ny.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> ñ ञ </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Ranjana_tt.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Ranjana_tt.svg/24px-Ranjana_tt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Ranjana_tt.svg/36px-Ranjana_tt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Ranjana_tt.svg/48px-Ranjana_tt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> ṭ ट </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Ranjana_tth.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Ranjana_tth.svg/24px-Ranjana_tth.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Ranjana_tth.svg/36px-Ranjana_tth.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Ranjana_tth.svg/48px-Ranjana_tth.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> ṭh ठ </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Ranjana_dd.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Ranjana_dd.svg/24px-Ranjana_dd.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Ranjana_dd.svg/36px-Ranjana_dd.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Ranjana_dd.svg/48px-Ranjana_dd.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> ḍ ड </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Ranjana_ddh.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Ranjana_ddh.svg/24px-Ranjana_ddh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Ranjana_ddh.svg/36px-Ranjana_ddh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Ranjana_ddh.svg/48px-Ranjana_ddh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> ḍh ढ </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Ranjana_nn.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Ranjana_nn.svg/24px-Ranjana_nn.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Ranjana_nn.svg/36px-Ranjana_nn.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Ranjana_nn.svg/48px-Ranjana_nn.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> ṇ ण </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Ranjana_t.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Ranjana_t.svg/24px-Ranjana_t.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Ranjana_t.svg/36px-Ranjana_t.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Ranjana_t.svg/48px-Ranjana_t.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> t त </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Ranjana_th.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Ranjana_th.svg/24px-Ranjana_th.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Ranjana_th.svg/36px-Ranjana_th.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Ranjana_th.svg/48px-Ranjana_th.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> th थ </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Ranjana_d.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Ranjana_d.svg/24px-Ranjana_d.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Ranjana_d.svg/36px-Ranjana_d.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Ranjana_d.svg/48px-Ranjana_d.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> d द </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Ranjana_dh.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Ranjana_dh.svg/24px-Ranjana_dh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Ranjana_dh.svg/36px-Ranjana_dh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Ranjana_dh.svg/48px-Ranjana_dh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> dh ध </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Ranjana_n.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Ranjana_n.svg/24px-Ranjana_n.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Ranjana_n.svg/36px-Ranjana_n.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Ranjana_n.svg/48px-Ranjana_n.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> n न </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Ranjana_p.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Ranjana_p.svg/24px-Ranjana_p.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Ranjana_p.svg/36px-Ranjana_p.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Ranjana_p.svg/48px-Ranjana_p.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> p प </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Ranjana_ph.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Ranjana_ph.svg/24px-Ranjana_ph.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Ranjana_ph.svg/36px-Ranjana_ph.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Ranjana_ph.svg/48px-Ranjana_ph.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> ph फ </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Ranjana_b.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Ranjana_b.svg/24px-Ranjana_b.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Ranjana_b.svg/36px-Ranjana_b.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Ranjana_b.svg/48px-Ranjana_b.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> b ब </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Ranjana_bh.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Ranjana_bh.svg/24px-Ranjana_bh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Ranjana_bh.svg/36px-Ranjana_bh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Ranjana_bh.svg/48px-Ranjana_bh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> bh भ </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Ranjana_m.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Ranjana_m.svg/24px-Ranjana_m.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Ranjana_m.svg/36px-Ranjana_m.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Ranjana_m.svg/48px-Ranjana_m.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> m म </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Ranjana_y.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Ranjana_y.svg/24px-Ranjana_y.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Ranjana_y.svg/36px-Ranjana_y.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Ranjana_y.svg/48px-Ranjana_y.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> i य </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Ranjana_r.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Ranjana_r.svg/24px-Ranjana_r.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Ranjana_r.svg/36px-Ranjana_r.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Ranjana_r.svg/48px-Ranjana_r.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> r र </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Ranjana_l.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Ranjana_l.svg/24px-Ranjana_l.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Ranjana_l.svg/36px-Ranjana_l.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Ranjana_l.svg/48px-Ranjana_l.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> l ल </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Ranjana_v.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Ranjana_v.svg/24px-Ranjana_v.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Ranjana_v.svg/36px-Ranjana_v.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Ranjana_v.svg/48px-Ranjana_v.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> v व </td> <td style="background:#dddddd;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Ranjana_sh.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Ranjana_sh.svg/24px-Ranjana_sh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Ranjana_sh.svg/36px-Ranjana_sh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Ranjana_sh.svg/48px-Ranjana_sh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> ś श </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Ranjana_ss.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Ranjana_ss.svg/24px-Ranjana_ss.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Ranjana_ss.svg/36px-Ranjana_ss.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Ranjana_ss.svg/48px-Ranjana_ss.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> ṣ ष </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Ranjana_s.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Ranjana_s.svg/24px-Ranjana_s.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Ranjana_s.svg/36px-Ranjana_s.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Ranjana_s.svg/48px-Ranjana_s.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> s स </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Ranjana_h.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Ranjana_h.svg/24px-Ranjana_h.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Ranjana_h.svg/36px-Ranjana_h.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Ranjana_h.svg/48px-Ranjana_h.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> h ह </td> <td style="background:#dddddd;"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" align="center"> <tbody><tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Ranjana_ksh.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Ranjana_ksh.svg/24px-Ranjana_ksh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Ranjana_ksh.svg/36px-Ranjana_ksh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Ranjana_ksh.svg/48px-Ranjana_ksh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> kṣ क्ष </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Ranjana_tr.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Ranjana_tr.svg/24px-Ranjana_tr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Ranjana_tr.svg/36px-Ranjana_tr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Ranjana_tr.svg/48px-Ranjana_tr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> tr त्र </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Ranjana_jny.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Ranjana_jny.svg/24px-Ranjana_jny.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Ranjana_jny.svg/36px-Ranjana_jny.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Ranjana_jny.svg/48px-Ranjana_jny.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> jñ ज्ञ </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Diacríticos_vocálicos"><span id="Diacr.C3.ADticos_voc.C3.A1licos"></span>Diacríticos vocálicos</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfabeto_ranjana&action=edit&section=4" title="Editar sección: Diacríticos vocálicos"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Gagaa.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Gagaa.JPG/220px-Gagaa.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Gagaa.JPG/330px-Gagaa.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Gagaa.JPG/440px-Gagaa.JPG 2x" data-file-width="622" data-file-height="277" /></a><figcaption>Diacríticos vocálicos del Ranjana para la letra 'ग'.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Babaa.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Babaa.JPG/220px-Babaa.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Babaa.JPG/330px-Babaa.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Babaa.JPG/440px-Babaa.JPG 2x" data-file-width="598" data-file-height="276" /></a><figcaption>Diacríticos vocálicos del Ranjana para la letra 'ब'</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Kakaa.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Kakaa.JPG/220px-Kakaa.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Kakaa.JPG/330px-Kakaa.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Kakaa.JPG/440px-Kakaa.JPG 2x" data-file-width="701" data-file-height="392" /></a><figcaption>Diacríticos vocálicos del Ranjana para la letra 'क'.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Ranjana_lipi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Ranjana_lipi.jpg/220px-Ranjana_lipi.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Ranjana_lipi.jpg/330px-Ranjana_lipi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Ranjana_lipi.jpg/440px-Ranjana_lipi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="738" data-file-height="453" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>Hay tres reglas para los diacríticos vocálicos en la escritura ranjana, según si siguen el modelo de क, ग y ब . </p> <ul><li>ख, ञ,ठ,ण,थ,ध,श siguen el modelo de ग</li> <li>घ,ङ,च,छ,झ,ट,ड,ढ,त,द,न,न्ह,प,फ,ब,भ,म,य,र,ह्र,ल,ल्ह,व,व्ह,ष,स,ह,त्र siguen el modelo de ब</li> <li>ज,म्ह,ह्य,क्ष, ज्ञ siguen el modelo de क</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Números"><span id="N.C3.BAmeros"></span>Números</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfabeto_ranjana&action=edit&section=5" title="Editar sección: Números"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Ranjana_0.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Ranjana_0.svg/24px-Ranjana_0.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Ranjana_0.svg/36px-Ranjana_0.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Ranjana_0.svg/48px-Ranjana_0.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> 0 ० </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Ranjana_1.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Ranjana_1.svg/24px-Ranjana_1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Ranjana_1.svg/36px-Ranjana_1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Ranjana_1.svg/48px-Ranjana_1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> 1 १ </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Ranjana_2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Ranjana_2.svg/24px-Ranjana_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Ranjana_2.svg/36px-Ranjana_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Ranjana_2.svg/48px-Ranjana_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> 2 २ </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Ranjana_3.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Ranjana_3.svg/24px-Ranjana_3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Ranjana_3.svg/36px-Ranjana_3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Ranjana_3.svg/48px-Ranjana_3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> 3 ३ </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Ranjana_4.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Ranjana_4.svg/24px-Ranjana_4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Ranjana_4.svg/36px-Ranjana_4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Ranjana_4.svg/48px-Ranjana_4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> 4 ४ </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Ranjana_5.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Ranjana_5.svg/24px-Ranjana_5.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Ranjana_5.svg/36px-Ranjana_5.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Ranjana_5.svg/48px-Ranjana_5.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> 5 ५ </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Ranjana_6.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Ranjana_6.svg/24px-Ranjana_6.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Ranjana_6.svg/36px-Ranjana_6.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Ranjana_6.svg/48px-Ranjana_6.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> 6 ६ </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Ranjana_7.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Ranjana_7.svg/24px-Ranjana_7.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Ranjana_7.svg/36px-Ranjana_7.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Ranjana_7.svg/48px-Ranjana_7.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> 7 ७ </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Ranjana_8.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Ranjana_8.svg/24px-Ranjana_8.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Ranjana_8.svg/36px-Ranjana_8.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Ranjana_8.svg/48px-Ranjana_8.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> 8 ८ </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Ranjana_9.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Ranjana_9.svg/24px-Ranjana_9.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Ranjana_9.svg/36px-Ranjana_9.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Ranjana_9.svg/48px-Ranjana_9.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> 9 ९ </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uso">Uso</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfabeto_ranjana&action=edit&section=6" title="Editar sección: Uso"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Jing_An_Temple_Stone_Sanskrit_Om.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Jing_An_Temple_Stone_Sanskrit_Om.jpeg/220px-Jing_An_Temple_Stone_Sanskrit_Om.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Jing_An_Temple_Stone_Sanskrit_Om.jpeg/330px-Jing_An_Temple_Stone_Sanskrit_Om.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Jing_An_Temple_Stone_Sanskrit_Om.jpeg/440px-Jing_An_Temple_Stone_Sanskrit_Om.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="3472" data-file-height="2604" /></a><figcaption>Sílabas "Oṃ" en alfabeto ranjana, que flanquean los instrumentos de los Cuatro Reyes Celestiales. Templo Jing'an, <a href="/wiki/Shangh%C3%A1i" title="Shanghái">Shanghái</a>, China.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Astasahasrika_Prajnaparamita_Maitreya_Folio.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Astasahasrika_Prajnaparamita_Maitreya_Folio.jpeg/220px-Astasahasrika_Prajnaparamita_Maitreya_Folio.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Astasahasrika_Prajnaparamita_Maitreya_Folio.jpeg/330px-Astasahasrika_Prajnaparamita_Maitreya_Folio.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Astasahasrika_Prajnaparamita_Maitreya_Folio.jpeg/440px-Astasahasrika_Prajnaparamita_Maitreya_Folio.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="330" /></a><figcaption>Manuscrito en idioma sánscrito escrito usando el alfabeto ranjana. <i>Aṣtanāhasrikā Prajñāpāramitā Sūtra</i>, India, siglo <span style="font-variant:small-caps;text-transform:lowercase">XII</span>.</figcaption></figure> <p>El alfabeto ranjana es el sistema de escritura utilizado mayoritariamente por la comunidad newar para imprimir escrituras religiosas del hinduismo y el budismo y literatura en sànscrit. También se utiliza actualmente en documentos de elevado nivel de formalidad (como invitaciones de casamiento, certificados, etc) en Nepal, en <a href="/wiki/Nepal_bhasa" class="mw-redirect" title="Nepal bhasa">lengua newar</a> y en títulos de libros en <a href="/wiki/Nepal_bhasa" class="mw-redirect" title="Nepal bhasa">lengua newar</a>. También las tradiciones budistas Mahayana y Vajrayana utilizan el alfabeto ranjana para escribir varios <a href="/wiki/Mantra" title="Mantra">mantres</a>, entre los cuales el mantra "<a href="/wiki/Om_mani_padme_hum" title="Om mani padme hum">Om mani padme hum</a>" de Avalokiteśvara, el mantra de Tara: "Ol <a href="/wiki/Tara_(budismo)" title="Tara (budismo)">tare</a> tuttare ture svaha", y el mantra de <a href="/wiki/Manjushri" title="Manjushri">Manjusri</a>: "Om ara pa cana dhi."<sup id="cite_ref-https_1-1" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-https-1"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>1<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>6<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>7<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>8<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>9<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>10<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup> También se utiliza el alfabeto ranjana en escrituras del hinduismo.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>11<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>En <a href="/wiki/Budismo_chino" title="Budismo chino">budismo chino</a> y otros budismos de <a href="/wiki/Extremo_Oriente" title="Extremo Oriente">extremo oriente</a>, la escritura estándar en sànscrit para los mantres y daranis no era el alfabeto ranjana, sino el más antiguo <a href="/wiki/Alfabeto_siddham" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfabeto siddham">alfabeto siddham</a> que se extendió ampliamente por China durante la <a href="/wiki/Dinast%C3%ADa_Tang" title="Dinastía Tang">dinastía Tang</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Chattopadhayaya,_Alaka_1999_p._201_12-0" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-Chattopadhayaya,_Alaka_1999_p._201-12"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>12<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup> Aun así, en la <a href="/wiki/Historia_de_China" title="Historia de China">China Imperial tardía</a>, la influencia del <a href="/wiki/Budismo_tibetano" title="Budismo tibetano">budismo tibetano</a> popularizó también el alfabeto ranjana, de forma que este sistema de escritura se encuentra también por todo el extremo oriente, a pesar de que no es tan común como el siddham.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>13<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lanydza">Lanydza</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfabeto_ranjana&action=edit&section=7" title="Editar sección: Lanydza"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>En el Tíbet se refería a este sistema de escritura con el nombre de <i>lanydza</i> (transliterado también como lanja, <i>landzha</i>, <i>lantsa</i>...) a pesar de que en realidad es una escritura ligeramente diferente del estándar ranjana.<sup id="cite_ref-Chattopadhayaya,_Alaka_1999_p._201_12-1" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-Chattopadhayaya,_Alaka_1999_p._201-12"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>12<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup> En el Tíbet se suele utilizar la variante lanydza para escribir textos originales en sànscrit.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>14<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup> Algunos ejemp<i>lo</i>s de estos textos son lo <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ma%C3%B1ju%C5%9Br%C4%ABn%C4%81masamg%C4%ABti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mañjuśrīnāmasamgīti (aún no redactado)">Mañjuśrīnāmasamgīti</a></i>, el <i><a href="/wiki/Sutra_del_diamante" title="Sutra del diamante">sutra del diamante</a></i> y el <i>sutra Sṣṭtanāhasrikā Prajñāpāramitā</i>. La escritura lanydza se puede encontrar también en manuscritos y en ediciones impresas de algunos diccionarios sànscrit-tibetano como el <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mah%C4%81vyutpatti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mahāvyutpatti (aún no redactado)">Mahāvyutpatti</a></i>. Aun así, el uso más frecuente de la escritura lanydza actualmente es en los títulos de las páginas de textos tibetanos, en que el título en sànscrit a menudo se escribe en Lanydza, seguido de una transliteración y de un traducción en <a href="/wiki/Alfabeto_tibetano" title="Alfabeto tibetano">alfabeto tibetano</a>. Por otro lado, también se utiliza ornamentalmente en paredes de templos, al exterior de <a href="/wiki/Rueda_de_plegaria" title="Rueda de plegaria">ruedas de oración</a>, y en dibujos de mandalas. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Monograma_(Kutākshar)"><span id="Monograma_.28Kut.C4.81kshar.29"></span>Monograma (Kutākshar)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfabeto_ranjana&action=edit&section=8" title="Editar sección: Monograma (Kutākshar)"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Kut%C4%81kshar_-_Jana_Bahal_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Kut%C4%81kshar_-_Jana_Bahal_01.jpg/220px-Kut%C4%81kshar_-_Jana_Bahal_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Kut%C4%81kshar_-_Jana_Bahal_01.jpg/330px-Kut%C4%81kshar_-_Jana_Bahal_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Kut%C4%81kshar_-_Jana_Bahal_01.jpg/440px-Kut%C4%81kshar_-_Jana_Bahal_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3933" data-file-height="5900" /></a><figcaption>Un monograma Kutākshar a la fachada de Jana Bahal.</figcaption></figure> <p>Kutākshar es un monograma del esciptura ranjana. Es el único de la escritura nepalesa que se puede escribir como monograma. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Desde_el_siglo_XX_hasta_el_Nepal_actual">Desde el siglo <span style="font-variant:small-caps;text-transform:lowercase">XX</span> hasta el Nepal actual</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfabeto_ranjana&action=edit&section=9" title="Editar sección: Desde el siglo XX hasta el Nepal actual"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Después de haber caído en desuso a mediados de siglo <span style="font-variant:small-caps;text-transform:lowercase">XX</span>, el uso del alfabeto ranjana ha aumentado sustancialmente. Recientemente lo utlilitzan muchos gobiernos locales como el de la Ciutad Metropolitana de Katmandú, Lalitpur y el entorno submetropolitano, los municipios de Bhaktapur, Thimi, Kirtipur , Banepa, en carteles, bandos, anuncios y similares. En el valle de Katamandú hay programas para promover el uso del alfabeto ranjana y cursillos para difundir y conservar la lengua. El movimiento Nepal Bhasa promueve el uso de este sistema de escritura y lo utilizan varios diarios y páginas web. </p><p>Hay un proyecto nepalés-alemán para la conservación de los manuscritos en ranjana.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>15<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Se ha propuesto un bloque <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> para el alfabeto ranjana, por Evertype.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>16<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referencias">Referencias</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfabeto_ranjana&action=edit&section=10" title="Editar sección: Referencias"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="listaref" style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; list-style-type: decimal;"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-https-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-https_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-https_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.endangeredalphabets.net/alphabets/ranjana/">[1]</a>, Ranjana : Atlas of Endangered Alphabets</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Omniglot-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Omniglot_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.omniglot.com/writing/ranjana.htm">Omniglot</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Folk tales from the Himalayan kingdom of Nepal: Black rice and other stories, p.47, Kesar Lall, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ratna_Pustak_Bhandar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ratna Pustak Bhandar (aún no redactado)">Ratna Pustak Bhandar</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.asianart.com/articles/inscriptions/index.html">Inscripcions nepaleses en la col·lecció Rubin</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160305121149/http://nagarjunainstitute.com/bs_hiranya.htm">«Nagarjuna Institute: Buddhist Sites of Nepal - Hiraynavarna Mahavihara»</a>. Archivado desde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nagarjunainstitute.com/bs_hiranya.htm">el original</a> el 5 de marzo de 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado el 6 de noviembre de 2019</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fes.wikipedia.org%3AAlfabeto+ranjana&rft.btitle=Nagarjuna+Institute%3A+Buddhist+Sites+of+Nepal+-+Hiraynavarna+Mahavihara&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnagarjunainstitute.com%2Fbs_hiranya.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://unicode.org/wg2/docs/n3649.pdf">[2]</a>, Preliminary proposal for encoding the Rañjana script in the SMP of the UCS</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://pnclink.org/annual/annual2000/2000pdf/6-4-2.pdf">[3]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304040340/http://pnclink.org/annual/annual2000/2000pdf/6-4-2.pdf">Archivado</a> el 4 de marzo de 2016 en <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., Preservation of Sanskrit Buddhist Manuscripts in the Kathmandu Valley: Its importance and future, Min Bahadur Shakya</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.teachingsofthebuddha.com/om_mani_padme_hum.htm">Teachings og Buddha</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dharma-haven.org/tibetan/meaning-of-om-mani-padme-hung.htm">Dharma Haven</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200514180621/https://www.webcitation.org/query?url=">«http://www.geocities.com/ranjanafont/introduction.htm&date=2009-10-26+01:25:40 Ranjana font»</a>. Archivado desde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/query?url=">el original</a> el 14 de mayo de 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado el 6 de noviembre de 2019</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fes.wikipedia.org%3AAlfabeto+ranjana&rft.btitle=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.geocities.com%2Franjanafont%2Fintroduction.htm%26date%3D2009-10-26%2B01%3A25%3A40+Ranjana+font&rft.genre=book&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.webcitation.org%2Fquery%3Furl%3D&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.asianart.com/exhibitions/svision/i49.html">Asian art</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chattopadhayaya,_Alaka_1999_p._201-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Chattopadhayaya,_Alaka_1999_p._201_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chattopadhayaya,_Alaka_1999_p._201_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Chattopadhayaya, Alaka (1999). <i>Atisa and Tibet: Life and Works of Dipamkara Srijnana</i>: p. 201</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Jiang, Wu (2008). Enlightenment in Dispute: The Reinvention of Chan Buddhism in Seventeenth-Century China: p. 146</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.omniglot.com/writing/ranjana.htm">Ranjana script and Nepal Bhasa (Newari) language</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://malaiya.tripod.com/ranjana/">Ranjana Script</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://std.dkuug.dk/jtc1/sc2/wg2/docs/n3649.pdf">Preliminary proposal for encoding the Rañjana script in the SMP of the UCS</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Enlaces_externos">Enlaces externos</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfabeto_ranjana&action=edit&section=11" title="Editar sección: Enlaces externos"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://webdeveloper.com.np/fonts/download-ranjana-newari-regular-font/">Font Ranjana Newari Regular para descargar</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190511210741/https://webdeveloper.com.np/fonts/download-ranjana-newari-regular-font/">Archivado</a> el 11 de mayo de 2019 en <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li>Everson, Michael. 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://std.dkuug.dk/jtc1/sc2/wg2/docs/n3649.pdf">Preliminary proposal for encoding the Rañjana script in the SMP of the UCS</a></li> <li>Everson, Michael. 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://std.dkuug.dk/jtc1/sc2/wg2/docs/n3692.pdf">Roadmapping the scripts of Nepal</a></li> <li>Fynn, Christopher John. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://malaiya.tripod.com/ranjana/">Ranjana (Lantsa) script</a></li> <li>Pandey, Anshuman. 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://unicode.org/L2/L2016/16015-ranjana.pdf">Towards an encoding for the Ranjana and Lantsa scripts</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.omniglot.com/writing/ranjana.htm">Alfabeto ranjana a Omniglot</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lantsha-vartu.org/ranjanascript/index.html">Ranjana script</a></li> <li>Saerji. (2009). Rañjanā script: Akṣahora List of the Manuscript of Aṣṭasāhasrikāprajñāpāramitā (can. the 11-12th Centuries). Instituto de Investigación de Manuscritos del Sànscrit y Literatura Budista, Universidad de Pekín.</li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r161257576">.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control{margin-top:1.5em}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox table{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox hr:last-child{display:none}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox+.mw-mf-linked-projects{display:none}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .mw-mf-linked-projects{display:flex;padding:0.5em;border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);color:var(--color-base,#202122)}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .mw-mf-linked-projects ul li{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox-list{border-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox th{background-color:#eeeeff}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .mw-mf-linked-projects{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#72777d);background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#27292d);color:var(--color-base,#eaecf0)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#72777d)!important;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#202122)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox-list{border-color:#202122!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox th{background-color:#27292d!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .mw-mf-linked-projects{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#72777d)!important;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#27292d)!important;color:var(--color-base,#eaecf0)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#72777d)!important;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#202122)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox-list{border-color:#202122!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox th{background-color:#27292d!important}}</style><div class="mw-authority-control"><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-label="Navbox" style="width: inherit;padding:3px"><table class="hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width: 12%; 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