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Available in 27 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-27" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">27 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ondernemingsargitektuur" title="Ondernemingsargitektuur – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Ondernemingsargitektuur" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AE%D8%B7%D8%B7_%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%84_%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%B8%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A" title="مخطط هيكل تنظيمي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مخطط هيكل تنظيمي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organigrama" title="Organigrama – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Organigrama" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organigrama" title="Organigrama – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Organigrama" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organigram" title="Organigram – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Organigram" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisationsdiagram" title="Organisationsdiagram – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Organisationsdiagram" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organigramm" title="Organigramm – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Organigramm" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9F%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%8C%CE%B3%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%BC%CE%B1" title="Οργανόγραμμα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Οργανόγραμμα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organigrama" title="Organigrama – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Organigrama" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organigrama" title="Organigrama – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Organigrama" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="چارت سازمانی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="چارت سازمانی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organigramme_(organisation)" title="Organigramme (organisation) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Organigramme (organisation)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organigrama" title="Organigrama – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Organigrama" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A1%B0%EC%A7%81%EB%8F%84" title="조직도 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="조직도" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A0%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F" title="संगठन चार्ट – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="संगठन चार्ट" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organigram" title="Organigram – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Organigram" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organigramma" title="Organigramma – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Organigramma" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organigram" title="Organigram – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Organigram" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisatieschema" title="Organisatieschema – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Organisatieschema" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tashkiliy_diagramma" title="Tashkiliy diagramma – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Tashkiliy diagramma" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schemat_organizacyjny" title="Schemat organizacyjny – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Schemat organizacyjny" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organograma" title="Organograma – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Organograma" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organigram%C4%83" title="Organigramă – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Organigramă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organizacijska_shema" title="Organizacijska shema – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Organizacijska shema" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisationsschema" title="Organisationsschema – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" 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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Diagram showing organizational structure</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses of "breakdown structures", see <a href="/wiki/Breakdown_structure_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Breakdown structure (disambiguation)">Breakdown structure</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Departments_in_advertising_agencies.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Departments_in_advertising_agencies.jpg/220px-Departments_in_advertising_agencies.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Departments_in_advertising_agencies.jpg/330px-Departments_in_advertising_agencies.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Departments_in_advertising_agencies.jpg/440px-Departments_in_advertising_agencies.jpg 2x" data-file-width="644" data-file-height="483" /></a><figcaption>Example of a functional hybrid organizational chart</figcaption></figure> <p>An <b>organizational chart</b>, also called <b>organigram,</b> <b>organogram</b>, or <b>organizational breakdown structure</b> (<b>OBS</b>), is a <a href="/wiki/Diagram" title="Diagram">diagram</a> that shows the <a href="/wiki/Organizational_structure" title="Organizational structure">structure</a> of an <a href="/wiki/Organization" title="Organization">organization</a> and the relationships and relative ranks of its parts and positions/jobs. The term is also used for similar diagrams, for example ones showing the different elements of a field of knowledge or a group of languages. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Organizational_chart&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Overview"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tabulating_Machine_Co_Organization_Chart.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Tabulating Machine Company organisational chart, 1917." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Tabulating_Machine_Co_Organization_Chart.jpg/220px-Tabulating_Machine_Co_Organization_Chart.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Tabulating_Machine_Co_Organization_Chart.jpg/330px-Tabulating_Machine_Co_Organization_Chart.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Tabulating_Machine_Co_Organization_Chart.jpg/440px-Tabulating_Machine_Co_Organization_Chart.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3747" data-file-height="2189" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tabulating_Machine_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Tabulating Machine Company">Tabulating Machine Company</a> pyramid style organizational chart, 1917 with <a href="/wiki/Director_(business)" title="Director (business)">directors</a>, <a href="/wiki/Officer" title="Officer">officers</a>, and various systems<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:League_of_Nations_Organization.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="League of Nations organizational chart, 1930." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/League_of_Nations_Organization.png/220px-League_of_Nations_Organization.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="311" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/League_of_Nations_Organization.png/330px-League_of_Nations_Organization.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/League_of_Nations_Organization.png/440px-League_of_Nations_Organization.png 2x" data-file-width="2437" data-file-height="3446" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/League_of_Nations" title="League of Nations">League of Nations</a> complex organization chart, 1930 with <a href="/wiki/Secretariat_(administrative_office)" title="Secretariat (administrative office)">secretariat</a>, advisory bodies, and third party organizations<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>The organization chart is a diagram showing graphically the relation of one official to another, or others, of a company. It is also used to show the relation of one department to another, or others, or of one function of an organization to another, or others. This chart is valuable in that it enables one to visualize a complete organization, by means of the picture it presents.<sup id="cite_ref-HB_1922_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HB_1922-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A company's organizational chart typically illustrates relations between people within an organization. Such relations might include managers to sub-workers, directors to managing directors, chief executive officer to various departments, and so forth. When an organization chart grows too large it can be split into smaller charts for separate departments within the organization. The different types of organization charts include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hierarchical_organization" title="Hierarchical organization">Hierarchical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matrix_management" title="Matrix management">Matrix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flat_organization" title="Flat organization">Flat</a> (also known as <a href="/wiki/Horizontal_organization" class="mw-redirect" title="Horizontal organization">Horizontal</a>)</li></ul> <p>There is no accepted form for making organization charts other than putting the principal official, department or function first, or at the head of the sheet, and the others below, in the order of their rank. The titles of officials and sometimes their names are enclosed in boxes or circles. Lines are generally drawn from one box or circle to another to show the relation of one official or department to the others.<sup id="cite_ref-HB_1922_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HB_1922-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Organizational_chart&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Scottish-American engineer <a href="/wiki/Daniel_McCallum" title="Daniel McCallum">Daniel McCallum</a> (1815–1878) is credited for creating the first organizational charts of American business<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> around 1854.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This chart was drawn by <a href="/wiki/George_Holt_Henshaw" title="George Holt Henshaw">George Holt Henshaw</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The term "organization chart" came into use in the early twentieth century. In 1914 <a href="/wiki/Willard_C._Brinton" title="Willard C. Brinton">Brinton</a><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> declared "organization charts are not nearly so widely used as they should be. As organization charts are an excellent example of the division of a total into its components, a number of examples are given here in the hope that the presentation of organization charts in convenient form will lead to their more widespread use." In those years industrial engineers promoted the use of organization charts. </p><p>In the 1920s a survey revealed that organizational charts were still not common among ordinary business concerns, but they were beginning to find their way into administrative and business enterprises.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The term "organigram" originated in the 1960s.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Limitations">Limitations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Organizational_chart&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Limitations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are several limitations of organizational charts: </p> <ul><li>If updated manually, organizational charts can very quickly become out-of-date, especially in large organizations that change their staff regularly.</li> <li>They only show "formal relationships" and tell nothing of the pattern of human (social) relationships which develop. They also often do not show horizontal relationships.</li> <li>They provide little information about the <a href="/wiki/Management_style" title="Management style">managerial style</a> adopted (e.g. "<a href="/wiki/Autocratic" class="mw-redirect" title="Autocratic">autocratic</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Democracy" title="Democracy">democratic</a>" or an intermediate style).</li> <li>In some cases, an <a href="/wiki/Organigraph" title="Organigraph">organigraph</a> may be more appropriate, particularly if one wants to show non-linear, non-hierarchical relationships in an organization.</li> <li>They often do not include customers.</li></ul> <p>An organogram is more flexible and adaptable to changes in the organization, such as new products, services, or partnerships. An organizational chart is more rigid and stable, and may not reflect the current reality of the organization </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Examples">Examples</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Organizational_chart&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Examples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Organizational_chart.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Organizational_chart.svg/220px-Organizational_chart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Organizational_chart.svg/330px-Organizational_chart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Organizational_chart.svg/440px-Organizational_chart.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1011" data-file-height="707" /></a><figcaption>Simple military charts</figcaption></figure> <p>The example on the right shows a simple hierarchical organizational chart. </p><p>An example of a "line relationship" (or <a href="/wiki/Chain_of_command" class="mw-redirect" title="Chain of command">chain of command</a> in military relationships) in this chart would be between the general and the two colonels—the colonels are directly responsible to the general. </p><p>An example of a "lateral relationship" in this chart would be between "Captain A", and "Captain B" who both work on level and both report to the "Colonel B". </p><p>Various shapes such as rectangles, squares, triangles, circles can be used to indicate different roles. Color can be used both for shape borders and connection lines to indicate differences in authority and responsibility, and possibly formal, advisory and informal links between people. A department or position yet to be created or currently vacant might be shown as a shape with a dotted outline. Importance of the position may be shown both with a change in size of the shape in addition to its vertical placement on the chart. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Organizational_chart&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boxology" title="Boxology">Boxology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Figurative_system_of_human_knowledge" title="Figurative system of human knowledge">Figurative system of human knowledge</a> – Taxonomy of human knowledge</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organizational_structure" title="Organizational structure">Organizational structure</a> – Way in which an organization is structured</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Work_breakdown_structure" title="Work breakdown structure">Work breakdown structure</a> – A deliverable-orientated breakdown of a project into smaller components.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Organizational_chart&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Crowther, Samuel (undated). <i>John H. Paterson – The Romance of Business</i>, Geoffrey Bliss</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGrandjean2017" class="citation journal cs1">Grandjean, Martin (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rivisteweb.it/doi/10.14647/87204">"Analisi e visualizzazioni delle reti in storia. L'esempio della cooperazione intellettuale della Società delle Nazioni"</a>. <i>Memoria e Ricerca</i> (2): 371–393. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.14647%2F87204">10.14647/87204</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Memoria+e+Ricerca&rft.atitle=Analisi+e+visualizzazioni+delle+reti+in+storia.+L%27esempio+della+cooperazione+intellettuale+della+Societ%C3%A0+delle+Nazioni&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=371-393&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.14647%2F87204&rft.aulast=Grandjean&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rivisteweb.it%2Fdoi%2F10.14647%2F87204&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrganizational+chart" class="Z3988"></span> See also: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-01610098v2">French version</a> (PDF) and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.martingrandjean.ch/complex-structures-and-international-organizations/">English summary</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HB_1922-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HB_1922_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HB_1922_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Allan Cecil Haskell, Joseph G. Breaznell (1922) <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/graphicchartsin00breagoog#page/n90">Graphic charts in business: how to make and use them</a></i>. p. 78</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Alfred_D._Chandler,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Alfred D. Chandler, Jr.">Alfred D. Chandler, Jr.</a> (1962). <i>Strategy and Structure: Chapters in the History of the American Industrial Enterprise</i>. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Burton S. Kaliski (2001). <i>Encyclopedia of business and finance</i>. p.669.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For years people believed no copy of this chart survived, see for example: Sidney Pollard, Richard S. Tedlow (2002) <i>Economic History</i>. p. 18</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Caitlin_Rosenthal" title="Caitlin Rosenthal">Caitlin Rosenthal</a> (2012), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mckinsey.com/insights/organization/big_data_in_the_age_of_the_telegraph">Big data in the age of the telegraph</a>, <i>McKinsey Quarterly</i>, March 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Brinton,_Willard_Cope" class="mw-redirect" title="Brinton, Willard Cope">Brinton, Willard Cope</a>. <i>Graphic methods for presenting facts</i>. The Engineering magazine company, 1914.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton_institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexander Hamilton institute">Alexander Hamilton institute</a> (1923) <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.35128001192606">Organization charts</a>.</i> p. 6</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Angus Stevenson (2010) <i>Oxford Dictionary of English</i>. p. 1252</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Organizational_chart&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span 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.navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Aspects_of_organizations" title="Template:Aspects of organizations"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Aspects_of_organizations" title="Template talk:Aspects of organizations"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Aspects_of_organizations" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Aspects of organizations"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Aspects_of_organizations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Aspects of <a href="/wiki/Organization" title="Organization">organizations</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Organizational_architecture" title="Organizational architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organizational_behavior" title="Organizational behavior">Behavior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blame#In_organizations" title="Blame">Blame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organizational_capital" title="Organizational capital">Capital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cellular_organizational_structure" title="Cellular organizational structure">Cells</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organizational_citizenship_behavior" title="Organizational citizenship behavior">Citizenship behavior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organisation_climate" title="Organisation climate">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organizational_commitment" title="Organizational commitment">Commitment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organizational_communication" title="Organizational communication">Communication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Complexity_theory_and_organizations" title="Complexity theory and organizations">Complexity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organizational_conflict" title="Organizational conflict">Conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organizational_culture" title="Organizational culture">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organizational_architecture" title="Organizational architecture">Design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organization_development" title="Organization development">Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organizational_diagnostics" title="Organizational diagnostics">Diagnostics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organizational_dissent" title="Organizational dissent">Dissent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organizational_ecology" title="Organizational ecology">Ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organizational_effectiveness" title="Organizational effectiveness">Effectiveness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organizational_engineering" title="Organizational engineering">Engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organizational_ethics" title="Organizational ethics">Ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organizational_field" title="Organizational field">Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hierarchical_organization" title="Hierarchical organization">Hierarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organizational_identification" title="Organizational identification">Identification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organizational_intelligence" title="Organizational intelligence">Intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organizational_justice" title="Organizational justice">Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organizational_learning" title="Organizational learning">Learning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organizational_life_cycle" title="Organizational life cycle">Life cycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machiavellianism_in_the_workplace" title="Machiavellianism in the workplace">Machiavellianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narcissism_in_the_workplace" title="Narcissism in the workplace">Narcissism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organizational_network_analysis" title="Organizational network analysis">Network analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organizational_ombudsman" title="Organizational ombudsman">Ombudsman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organizational_patterns" title="Organizational patterns">Patterns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perceived_organizational_support" title="Perceived organizational support">Perceived support</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organizational_performance" class="mw-redirect" title="Organizational performance">Performance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_and_organizational_psychology" title="Industrial and organizational psychology">Psychology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resilience_(organizational)" class="mw-redirect" title="Resilience (organizational)">Resilience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organizational_retaliatory_behavior" class="mw-redirect" title="Organizational retaliatory behavior">Retaliatory behavior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organizational_safety" title="Organizational safety">Safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organizational_space" title="Organizational space">Space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organizational_storytelling" title="Organizational storytelling">Storytelling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organizational_structure" title="Organizational structure">Structure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organizational_theory" title="Organizational theory">Theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organization_workshop" title="Organization workshop">Workshop</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_organizations" title="History of organizations">History of organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organization_studies" title="Organization studies">Organization studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_organizational_theory" title="Outline of organizational theory">Outline of organizational theory</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Template"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/16px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/23px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/31px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> See also templates</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Aspects_of_corporations" title="Template:Aspects of corporations">Aspects of corporations</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Aspects_of_jobs" title="Template:Aspects of jobs">Aspects of 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