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class="vector-toc-text"> 2.7 India </div> </a> <ul id="toc-India-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Africa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Africa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.8 Africa </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Africa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 History </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Movies_of_this_genre" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Movies_of_this_genre"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Movies of this genre </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Movies_of_this_genre-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Road movie</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 36 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-36" aria-hidden="true" > 36 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%81%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%82" title="أفلام الطريق – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أفلام الطريق" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Road_movie" title="Road movie – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Road movie" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Road_movie" title="Road movie – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Road movie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Road_movie" title="Road movie – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Road movie" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roadmovie" title="Roadmovie – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Roadmovie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Road_movie" title="Road movie – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Road movie" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pel%C3%ADcula_de_carretera" title="Película de carretera – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Película de carretera" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Cosefilmo" title="Ŝosefilmo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ŝosefilmo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Road_movie" title="Road movie – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Road movie" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C" title="فیلم جاده‌ای – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فیلم جاده‌ای" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Road_movie" title="Road movie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Road movie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roadmovie" title="Roadmovie – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Roadmovie" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A1%9C%EB%93%9C_%EB%AC%B4%EB%B9%84" title="로드 무비 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="로드 무비" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film_ceste" title="Film ceste – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Film ceste" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film_jalan" title="Film jalan – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Film jalan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Road_movie" title="Road movie – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Road movie" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%A8%D7%98_%D7%9E%D7%A1%D7%A2" title="סרט מסע – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סרט מסע" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Road_movie" title="Road movie – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Road movie" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roadmovie" title="Roadmovie – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Roadmovie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BC%E3%83%89%E3%83%A0%E3%83%BC%E3%83%93%E3%83%BC" title="ロードムービー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ロードムービー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Road_Movie" title="Road Movie – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Road Movie" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film_drogi" title="Film drogi – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Film drogi" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filme_de_estrada" title="Filme de estrada – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Filme de estrada" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%83%D0%B4-%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Роуд-муви – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Роуд-муви" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BE%D0%BB_%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8D%D1%82%D1%8D" title="Суол киинэтэ – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Суол киинэтэ" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Road_movie" title="Road movie – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Road movie" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%85%DB%8C_%DA%95%DB%8E%DA%AF%D8%A7" title="فیلمی ڕێگا – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="فیلمی ڕێگا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BC" title="Друмски филм – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Друмски филм" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film_ceste" title="Film ceste – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Film ceste" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Road_movie" title="Road movie – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Road movie" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roadmovie" title="Roadmovie – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Roadmovie" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%83%D0%B4-%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Роуд-муви – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Роуд-муви" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B9_%D1%84%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC" title="Дорожній фільм – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Дорожній фільм" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fime_todi-sol-voye" title="Fime todi-sol-voye – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Fime todi-sol-voye" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Walon</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E8%B7%AF%E7%89%87" title="公路片 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="公路片" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E8%B7%AF%E9%9B%BB%E5%BD%B1" title="公路電影 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" 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.hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Road_movie_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Road movie (disambiguation)">Road movie (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Detour.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Detour.jpg/250px-Detour.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Detour.jpg/330px-Detour.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Detour.jpg/500px-Detour.jpg 2x" data-file-width="576" data-file-height="432" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Edgar_G._Ulmer" title="Edgar G. Ulmer">Edgar G. Ulmer</a>’s <a href="/wiki/Detour_(1945_film)" title="Detour (1945 film)">Detour</a> (1945), a film noir about a musician travelling from New York City to Hollywood who sees a nation absorbed by greed.<a href="#cite_note-salles2007-1">[1]</a></figcaption></figure> A road movie is a <a href="/wiki/Film_genre" title="Film genre">film genre</a> in which the main characters leave home on a <a href="/wiki/Road_trip" title="Road trip">road trip</a>, typically altering the perspective from their everyday lives.<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> Road movies often depict travel in the <a href="/wiki/Hinterlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Hinterlands">hinterlands</a>, with the films exploring the theme of alienation and examining the tensions and issues of the cultural identity of a nation or historical period; this is all often enmeshed in a mood of actual or potential menace, lawlessness, and violence,<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> a "distinctly <a href="/wiki/Existentialism" title="Existentialism">existential</a> air"<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated6-4">[4]</a> and is populated by restless, "frustrated, often desperate characters".<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-5">[5]</a> The setting includes not just the close confines of the car as it moves on highways and roads, but also booths in diners and rooms in roadside motels, all of which helps to create intimacy and tension between the characters.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated8-6">[6]</a> Road movies tend to focus on the theme of masculinity (with the man often going through some type of crisis), some type of rebellion, <a href="/wiki/Car_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Car culture">car culture</a>, and self-discovery.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-7">[7]</a> The core theme of road movies is "rebellion against conservative social norms".<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-5">[5]</a> There are two main narratives: the quest and the outlaw chase.<a href="#cite_note-auto-8">[8]</a> In the quest-style film, the story meanders as the characters make discoveries (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Two-Lane_Blacktop" title="Two-Lane Blacktop">Two-Lane Blacktop</a> from 1971).<a href="#cite_note-auto-8">[8]</a> In outlaw road movies, in which the characters are fleeing from law enforcement, there is usually more sex and violence (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Natural_Born_Killers" title="Natural Born Killers">Natural Born Killers</a> from 1994).<a href="#cite_note-auto-8">[8]</a> Road films tend to focus more on characters' internal conflicts and transformations, based on their feelings as they experience new realities on their trip, rather than on the dramatic movement-based sequences that predominate in <a href="/wiki/Action_film" title="Action film">action films</a>.<a href="#cite_note-salles2007-1">[1]</a> Road movies do not typically use the standard three-act structure used in mainstream films; instead, an "open-ended, rambling plot structure" is used.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-5">[5]</a> The road movie keeps its characters "on the move", and as such the "car, the <a href="/wiki/Tracking_shot" title="Tracking shot">tracking shot</a>, [and] wide and wild open space" are important iconography elements, similar to a <a href="/wiki/Western_movie" class="mw-redirect" title="Western movie">Western movie</a>.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated335-9">[9]</a> As well, the road movie is similar to a Western in that road films are also about a "frontiersmanship" and about the codes of discovery (often self-discovery).<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated335-9">[9]</a> Road movies often use the <a href="/wiki/Diegetic_music" title="Diegetic music">music from the car stereo, which the characters are listening to</a>, as the soundtrack<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> and in 1960s and 1970s road movies, rock music is often used (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Easy_Rider" title="Easy Rider">Easy Rider</a> from 1969 used a rock soundtrack <a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> of songs from <a href="/wiki/Jimi_Hendrix" title="Jimi Hendrix">Jimi Hendrix</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Byrds" title="The Byrds">The Byrds</a> and <a href="/wiki/Steppenwolf_(band)" title="Steppenwolf (band)">Steppenwolf</a>). While early road movies from the 1930s focused on couples,<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated8-6">[6]</a> in post-World War II films, usually the travellers are male buddies,<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated6-4">[4]</a> although in some cases, women are depicted on the road, either as temporary companions, or more rarely, as the protagonist couple (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Thelma_%26_Louise" title="Thelma & Louise">Thelma & Louise</a> from 1991).<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated335-9">[9]</a> The genre can also be parodied, or have protagonists that depart from the typical heterosexual couple or buddy paradigm, as with <a href="/wiki/The_Adventures_of_Priscilla,_Queen_of_the_Desert" title="The Adventures of Priscilla, Queen of the Desert">The Adventures of Priscilla, Queen of the Desert</a> (1994), which depicts a group of <a href="/wiki/Drag_queen" title="Drag queen">drag queens</a> who tour the Australian desert.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated335-9">[9]</a> Other examples of the increasing diversity of the drivers shown in 1990s and subsequent decades' road films are <a href="/wiki/The_Living_End_(film)" title="The Living End (film)">The Living End</a> (1992), about two gay, HIV-positive men on a road trip; <a href="/wiki/To_Wong_Foo,_Thanks_for_Everything!_Julie_Newmar" title="To Wong Foo, Thanks for Everything! Julie Newmar">To Wong Foo, Thanks for Everything! Julie Newmar</a> (1995), which is about drag queens, and <a href="/wiki/Smoke_Signals_(film)" title="Smoke Signals (film)">Smoke Signals</a> (1998), which is about two Indigenous men.<a href="#cite_note-auto-8">[8]</a> While rare, there are some road movies about large groups on the road (<a href="/wiki/Get_on_the_Bus" title="Get on the Bus">Get on the Bus</a> from 1996) and lone drivers (<a href="/wiki/Vanishing_Point_(1971_film)" title="Vanishing Point (1971 film)">Vanishing Point</a> from 1971). <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Genre_and_production_elements">Genre and production elements</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Road_movie&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Genre and production elements">edit</a>]</div> The road movie has been called an elusive and ambiguous film genre.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-7">[7]</a> Timothy Corrigan states that road movies are a "knowingly impure" genre as they have "overdetermined and built-in genre-blending tendencies".<a href="#cite_note-Orgeron,_Devin_2007._p._3-12">[12]</a> Devin Orgeron states that road movies, despite their literal focus on car trips, are "about the [history of] the cinema, about the culture of the image", with road movies created with a mixture of Classical Hollywood film genres.<a href="#cite_note-Orgeron,_Devin_2007._p._3-12">[12]</a> The road movie genre developed from a "constellation of “solid” modernity, combining locomotion and media-motion" to get "away from the sedentarising forces of modernity and produc[e] contingency".<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> Road movies are blended with other genres to create a number of subgenres, including: road horror (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Near_Dark" title="Near Dark">Near Dark</a> from 1987); road comedies (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Flirting_with_Disaster_(film)" title="Flirting with Disaster (film)">Flirting with Disaster</a> from 1996); road racing films (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Death_Race_2000" title="Death Race 2000">Death Race 2000</a> from 1975) and rock concert tour films (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Almost_Famous" title="Almost Famous">Almost Famous</a> from 2000).<a href="#cite_note-auto-8">[8]</a> <a href="/wiki/Film_noir" title="Film noir">Film noir</a> road movies include <a href="/wiki/Detour_(1945_film)" title="Detour (1945 film)">Detour</a> (1945), <a href="/wiki/Desperate_(film)" title="Desperate (film)">Desperate</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Devil_Thumbs_a_Ride" title="The Devil Thumbs a Ride">The Devil Thumbs a Ride</a> (1947) and <a href="/wiki/The_Hitch-Hiker" title="The Hitch-Hiker">The Hitch-Hiker</a> (1953), all of which "establish fear and suspense around hitchhiking", and the outlaw-themed film noirs <a href="/wiki/They_Live_by_Night" title="They Live by Night">They Live by Night</a> (1948) and <a href="/wiki/Gun_Crazy" title="Gun Crazy">Gun Crazy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-auto-8">[8]</a> Film noir-influenced road films continued in the <a href="/wiki/Neo_noir" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo noir">neo noir</a> era, with <a href="/wiki/The_Hitcher_(1986_film)" title="The Hitcher (1986 film)">The Hitcher</a> (1986), <a href="/wiki/Delusion_(1991_film)" title="Delusion (1991 film)">Delusion</a> (1991), <a href="/wiki/Red_Rock_West" title="Red Rock West">Red Rock West</a> (1992), and <a href="/wiki/Joy_Ride_(2001_film)" title="Joy Ride (2001 film)">Joy Ride</a> (2001).<a href="#cite_note-auto-8">[8]</a> Even though road movies are a significant and popular genre, it is an "overlooked strain of film history".<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-5">[5]</a> Major genre studies often do not examine road movies, and there has been little analysis of what qualifies as a road movie.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2002-14">[14]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Country_or_region_of_production">Country or region of production</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Road_movie&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Country or region of production">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States">United States</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Road_movie&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: United States">edit</a>]</div> The road movie is mostly associated with the United States, as it focuses on "peculiarly American dreams, tensions and anxieties".<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2002-14">[14]</a> US road movies examine the tension between the two foundational myths of American culture, which are individualism and populism, which leads to some road films depicting the open road as a "utopian fantasy" with a homogenous culture while others show it as a "dystopian nightmare" of extreme cultural differences.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated4-15">[15]</a> US road movies depict the wide open, vast spaces of the highways as symbolizing the "scale and notionally utopian" opportunities to move up upwards and outwards in life.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Claudette_Colbert_and_Clark_Gable_in_It_Happened_One_Night_film_trailer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Claudette_Colbert_and_Clark_Gable_in_It_Happened_One_Night_film_trailer.jpg/200px-Claudette_Colbert_and_Clark_Gable_in_It_Happened_One_Night_film_trailer.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Claudette_Colbert_and_Clark_Gable_in_It_Happened_One_Night_film_trailer.jpg/300px-Claudette_Colbert_and_Clark_Gable_in_It_Happened_One_Night_film_trailer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Claudette_Colbert_and_Clark_Gable_in_It_Happened_One_Night_film_trailer.jpg/400px-Claudette_Colbert_and_Clark_Gable_in_It_Happened_One_Night_film_trailer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/It_Happened_One_Night" title="It Happened One Night">It Happened One Night</a> (1934) is about a rich woman who learns about regular Americans when she travels the highway system by car.</figcaption></figure> In US road movies, the road is an "alternative space" where the characters, now set apart from conventional society, can experience transformation.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> For example, in <a href="/wiki/It_Happened_One_Night" title="It Happened One Night">It Happened One Night</a> (1934), a wealthy woman who goes on the road is liberated from her elite background and marriage to an immoral husband when she meets and experiences hospitality from regular, good-hearted Americans who she never would have met in her previous life, with middle America depicted as a utopia of "real community".<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> The scenes in road movies tend to elicit longing for a mythic past.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> American road movies have tended to be a white genre, with <a href="/wiki/Spike_Lee" title="Spike Lee">Spike Lee</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Get_on_the_Bus" title="Get on the Bus">Get on the Bus</a> (1996) being a notable exception, as its main characters are African-American men on a bus travelling to the <a href="/wiki/Million_Man_March" title="Million Man March">Million Man March</a> (the film depicts the historic role of buses in the US civil rights movement).<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> Asian-American filmmakers have used the road movie to examine the role and treatment of Asian-Americans in the United States; examples include <a href="/wiki/Wayne_Wang" title="Wayne Wang">Wayne Wang</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Chan_Is_Missing" title="Chan Is Missing">Chan Is Missing</a> (1982), about a taxi driver trying to find about the Hollywood detective character <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Chan" title="Charlie Chan">Charlie Chan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln_Lim" title="Abraham Lincoln Lim">Abraham Lim</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Roads_and_Bridges" title="Roads and Bridges">Roads and Bridges</a> (2001), about an Asian-American prisoner who is sentenced to clean up garbage along a Midwestern highway.<a href="#cite_note-Swirski,_Peter_2007,_p._28-21">[21]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Australia">Australia</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Road_movie&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Australia">edit</a>]</div> Australia's vast open spaces and concentrated population have made the road movie a key genre in that country, with films such as <a href="/wiki/George_Miller_(director)" class="mw-redirect" title="George Miller (director)">George Miller</a>'s influential <a href="/wiki/Mad_Max" title="Mad Max">Mad Max</a> film series, which were rooted in an Australian tradition for films with "<a href="/wiki/Dystopian" class="mw-redirect" title="Dystopian">dystopian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Film_noir" title="Film noir">noir</a> themes with the destructive power of cars and the country’s <a href="/wiki/Outback" title="Outback">harsh, sparsely populated land mass</a>".<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> Australian road movies have been described as having a dystopian or gothic tone, as the road the characters travel on is often a "dead end", with the journey being more about "inward-looking" exploration than reaching the intended location.<a href="#cite_note-Khoo,_Olivia_p._93-106-23">[23]</a> In Australia, road movies have been called a "complex metaphor" which refers to the country's history, current situation, and to anxieties about the future.<a href="#cite_note-Khoo,_Olivia_p._93-106-23">[23]</a> The Mad Max series, including the <a href="/wiki/Mad_Max_(film)" title="Mad Max (film)">first film</a> and its sequels <a href="/wiki/Mad_Max_2" title="Mad Max 2">Mad Max 2</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mad_Max_Beyond_Thunderdome" title="Mad Max Beyond Thunderdome">Mad Max Beyond Thunderdome</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mad_Max:_Fury_Road" title="Mad Max: Fury Road">Mad Max: Fury Road</a> and <a href="/wiki/Furiosa:_A_Mad_Max_Saga" title="Furiosa: A Mad Max Saga">Furiosa: A Mad Max Saga</a> "have become canonical for their dystopic reinvention of the outback as a post-human wasteland where survival depends upon manic driving skills".<a href="#cite_note-auto-8">[8]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mother_Fish.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Mother_Fish.jpg/200px-Mother_Fish.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Mother_Fish.jpg/300px-Mother_Fish.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Mother_Fish.jpg/400px-Mother_Fish.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>The 2010 film <a href="/wiki/Mother_Fish" title="Mother Fish">Mother Fish</a>, which depicts travel over water, has been called a "No Road"-style road film, as it uses the road movie journey narrative without using roads as a setting.<a href="#cite_note-Khoo,_Olivia_p._93-106-23">[23]</a></figcaption></figure> Other Australian road movies include <a href="/wiki/Peter_Weir" title="Peter Weir">Peter Weir</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Cars_That_Ate_Paris" title="The Cars That Ate Paris">The Cars That Ate Paris</a> (1974), about a small town where the inhabitants cause road accidents to salvage the vehicles; the biker film <a href="/wiki/Stone_(1974_film)" title="Stone (1974 film)">Stone</a> (1974) by <a href="/wiki/Sandy_Harbutt" title="Sandy Harbutt">Sandy Harbutt</a>, about a biker gang who witness a political cover-up murder; The (1981) thriller <a href="/wiki/Roadgames" title="Roadgames">Roadgames</a> by <a href="/wiki/Richard_Franklin_(director)" title="Richard Franklin (director)">Richard Franklin</a>, about a truck driver who tracks down a serial killer in the Australian outback; <a href="/wiki/Dead-end_Drive-in" class="mw-redirect" title="Dead-end Drive-in">Dead-end Drive-in</a> (1986) by <a href="/wiki/Brian_Trenchard-Smith" title="Brian Trenchard-Smith">Brian Trenchard-Smith</a>, about a dystopian future where drive-in theatres are turned into detention centres; <a href="/wiki/Metal_Skin" title="Metal Skin">Metal Skin</a> (1994) by Geoffrey Wright about a street racer; and <a href="/wiki/Kiss_or_Kill_(1997_film)" title="Kiss or Kill (1997 film)">Kiss or Kill</a> (1997) by <a href="/wiki/Bill_Bennett" title="Bill Bennett">Bill Bennett</a>, a film noir-style road movie.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Adventures_of_Priscilla,_Queen_of_the_Desert" title="The Adventures of Priscilla, Queen of the Desert">The Adventures of Priscilla, Queen of the Desert</a> (1994) has been called a "watershed gay road movie that addresses diversity in Australia".<a href="#cite_note-auto-8">[8]</a> <a href="/wiki/Walkabout_(film)" title="Walkabout (film)">Walkabout</a> (1971), <a href="/wiki/Backroads_(1977_film)" title="Backroads (1977 film)">Backroads</a> (1977), and <a href="/wiki/Rabbit-Proof_Fence" title="Rabbit-Proof Fence">Rabbit-Proof Fence</a> (2002) use a depiction of travelling through the Australian outback to address the issue of relations between white and Indigenous people.<a href="#cite_note-auto-8">[8]</a> In 2005, Fiona Probyn described a subgenre of road movies about Indigenous Australians that she called "No Road" movies, in that they typically do not show a vehicle travelling on an asphalt road; instead, these films depict travel on a trail, often with Indigenous trackers being shown using their tracking abilities to discern hard-to-detect clues on the trail.<a href="#cite_note-Khoo,_Olivia_p._93-106-23">[23]</a> With the increasing depiction of racial minorities in Australian road movies, the "No Road" subgenre has also been associated with Asian-Australian films that depict travel using routes other than roads (e.g., the 2010 film <a href="/wiki/Mother_Fish" title="Mother Fish">Mother Fish</a>, which depicts travel over water as it tells the story of the <a href="/wiki/Boat_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Boat people">boat people</a> refugees).<a href="#cite_note-Khoo,_Olivia_p._93-106-23">[23]</a> The iconography of car crashes in many Australian road movies (particularly the Mad Max series) has been called a symbol of white-Indigenous violence, a rupture point in the narrative which erases and forgets the history of this violence.<a href="#cite_note-Khoo,_Olivia_p._93-106-23">[23]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Canada">Canada</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Road_movie&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Canada">edit</a>]</div> Canada also has huge expanses of territory, which make the road movie also common in that country, where the genre is used to examine "themes of alienation and isolation in relation to an expansive, almost foreboding landscape of seemingly endless space", and explore how Canadian identity differs from the "less humble and self-conscious neighbours to the south", in United States.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> Canadian road films include <a href="/wiki/Donald_Shebib" title="Donald Shebib">Donald Shebib</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Goin%27_Down_the_Road" title="Goin' Down the Road">Goin' Down the Road</a> (1970), three <a href="/wiki/Bruce_McDonald_(director)" title="Bruce McDonald (director)">Bruce McDonald</a> films (<a href="/wiki/Roadkill_(1989_film)" title="Roadkill (1989 film)">Roadkill</a> (1989), <a href="/wiki/Highway_61_(film)" title="Highway 61 (film)">Highway 61</a> (1991), and <a href="/wiki/Hard_Core_Logo" title="Hard Core Logo">Hard Core Logo</a> (1996), a mockumentary about a punk rock band's road tour), <a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Ingram" title="Malcolm Ingram">Malcolm Ingram</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Tail_Lights_Fade" title="Tail Lights Fade">Tail Lights Fade</a> (1999) and <a href="/wiki/Gary_Burns_(director)" title="Gary Burns (director)">Gary Burns</a>' <a href="/wiki/The_Suburbanators" title="The Suburbanators">The Suburbanators</a> (1995). <a href="/wiki/David_Cronenberg" title="David Cronenberg">David Cronenberg</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Crash_(1996_film)" title="Crash (1996 film)">Crash</a> (1996) depicted drivers who get "perverse sexual arousal through the car crash experience", a subject matter which led to <a href="/wiki/Ted_Turner" title="Ted Turner">Ted Turner</a> lobbying against the film being shown in US theatres.<a href="#cite_note-auto-8">[8]</a> Asian-Canadian filmmakers have made road films about the experience of Canadians of Asian origin, such as <a href="/wiki/Ann_Marie_Fleming" title="Ann Marie Fleming">Ann Marie Fleming</a>'s <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Magical_Life_of_Long_Tak_Sam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Magical Life of Long Tak Sam (page does not exist)">The Magical Life of Long Tak Sam</a>, which is about her search for her "Chinese grandfather, an itinerant magician and acrobat".<a href="#cite_note-Swirski,_Peter_2007,_p._28-21">[21]</a> Other Asian-Canadian road movies look at their relatives experiences during the 1940s internment of Japanese Canadians by the Canadian government (e.g., <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lise_Yasui&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lise Yasui (page does not exist)">Lise Yasui</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Family_Gathering" title="Family Gathering">Family Gathering</a> (1988), <a href="/wiki/Rea_Tajiri" title="Rea Tajiri">Rea Tajiri</a>'s <a href="/wiki/History_and_Memory" class="mw-redirect" title="History and Memory">History and Memory</a> (1991) and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Janet_Tanaka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Janet Tanaka (page does not exist)">Janet Tanaka</a>'s <a href="/w/index.php?title=Memories_from_the_Department_of_Amnesia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Memories from the Department of Amnesia (page does not exist)">Memories from the Department of Amnesia</a> (1991).<a href="#cite_note-Swirski,_Peter_2007,_p._28-21">[21]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Europe">Europe</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Road_movie&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Europe">edit</a>]</div> European filmmakers of road movies appropriate the conventions established by American directors, while at the same time reformulating these approaches, by de-emphasizing the speed of the driver on the road, increasing the amount of introspection (often on themes such as national identity), and depicting the road trip as a search on the part of the characters.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> The German filmmaker <a href="/wiki/Wim_Wenders" title="Wim Wenders">Wim Wenders</a> explored the American themes of road movies through his European reference point in his <a href="/wiki/Road_Movie_trilogy" title="Road Movie trilogy">Road Movie trilogy</a> in the mid-1970s. They include <a href="/wiki/Alice_in_the_Cities" title="Alice in the Cities">Alice in the Cities</a> (1974), <a href="/wiki/The_Wrong_Move" title="The Wrong Move">The Wrong Move</a> (1975), and <a href="/wiki/Kings_of_the_Road" title="Kings of the Road">Kings of the Road</a> (1976).<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-Guardian-28">[28]</a> All three films were shot by cinematographer <a href="/wiki/Robby_M%C3%BCller" title="Robby Müller">Robby Müller</a> and mostly take place in <a href="/wiki/West_Germany" title="West Germany">West Germany</a>. Kings of the Road includes stillness, which is unusual for road movies, and quietness (except for the rock soundtrack).<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> Other road movies by Wenders include <a href="/wiki/Paris,_Texas_(film)" title="Paris, Texas (film)">Paris, Texas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Until_the_End_of_the_World" title="Until the End of the World">Until the End of the World</a>.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated10-30">[30]</a> Wender's road movies "filter nomadic excursions through a pensive Germanic lens" and depict "somber drifters coming to terms with their internal scars".<a href="#cite_note-auto-8">[8]</a> France has a road movie tradition than stretches from <a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Blier" title="Bertrand Blier">Bertrand Blier</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Les_Valseuses" class="mw-redirect" title="Les Valseuses">Les Valseuses</a> (1973) and <a href="/wiki/Agn%C3%A8s_Varda" title="Agnès Varda">Agnès Varda</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Sans_toit_ni_loi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sans toit ni loi">Sans toit ni loi</a> (about a homeless woman) to 1990s films such as <a href="/wiki/Merci_la_vie" title="Merci la vie">Merci la vie</a> (1991) and <a href="/wiki/Virginie_Despentes" title="Virginie Despentes">Virginie Despentes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Coralie_Trinh_Thi" title="Coralie Trinh Thi">Coralie Trinh Thi</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Baise-moi" title="Baise-moi">Baise-moi</a> (a controversial film about two women revenging a rape), to 2000s films such as <a href="/wiki/Laurent_Cantet" title="Laurent Cantet">Laurent Cantet</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Time_Out_(2001_film)" title="Time Out (2001 film)">L'emploi du temps</a> (2001) and <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9dric_Kahn" title="Cédric Kahn">Cédric Kahn</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Feux_rouges" class="mw-redirect" title="Feux rouges">Feux rouges</a> (2004).<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> While French road movies share the US road movie's focus on the theme of individual freedom, French movies also balance this value with equality and fraternity, according to the French Republican model of liberty-equality-fraternity.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> Neil Archer states that French and other Francophone (e.g., Belgium, Switzerland) road films focus on "displacement and identity", notably in regards to maghrebin immigrants and young people (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Yamina_Benguigui" title="Yamina Benguigui">Yamina Benguigui</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Inch%27Allah_Dimanche" title="Inch'Allah Dimanche">Inch'Allah Dimanche</a> (2001), <a href="/wiki/Isma%C3%ABl_Ferroukhi" title="Ismaël Ferroukhi">Ismaël Ferroukhi</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Daughter_of_Keltoum" title="The Daughter of Keltoum">La Fille de Keltoum</a> (2001) and <a href="/wiki/Tony_Gatlif" title="Tony Gatlif">Tony Gatlif</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Exils" title="Exils">Exils</a> (2004).<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated5-33">[33]</a> More broadly, European films are tending to use imagery of border-crossing and focusing on "marginal identities and economic migration", which can be seen in <a href="/wiki/Lukas_Moodysson" title="Lukas Moodysson">Lukas Moodysson</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Lilja_4-ever" class="mw-redirect" title="Lilja 4-ever">Lilja 4-ever</a> (2002), Michael Winterbottom's <a href="/wiki/In_This_World" title="In This World">In This World</a> (2002) and <a href="/wiki/Ulrich_Seidl" title="Ulrich Seidl">Ulrich Seidl</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Import/Export" title="Import/Export">Import/Export</a> (2007).<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated5-33">[33]</a> European road movies also examine <a href="/wiki/Post-colonialism" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-colonialism">post-colonialism</a>, "disclocation, memory and identity".<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated5-33">[33]</a> Road movies from Spain have a strong American influence, with the films incorporating the road movie-comedy genre hybrid made popular in US films such as <a href="/wiki/Peter_Farrelly" title="Peter Farrelly">Peter Farrelly</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Dumb_and_Dumber" title="Dumb and Dumber">Dumb and Dumber</a> (1994). Spanish films including <a href="/wiki/The_Stolen_Years_(1998_film)" title="The Stolen Years (1998 film)">Los años bárbaros</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Carretera_y_manta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carretera y manta (page does not exist)">Carretera y manta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trileros" title="Trileros">Trileros</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Al_final_del_Camino&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al final del Camino (page does not exist)">Al final del Camino</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Airbag_(film)" title="Airbag (film)">Airbag</a>, which has been called the "most successful Spanish road movie of all time".<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> Airbag, along with <a href="/w/index.php?title=Slam_(2003_film)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Slam (2003 film) (page does not exist)">Slam</a> (2003), <a href="/w/index.php?title=El_mundo_alrededor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="El mundo alrededor (page does not exist)">El mundo alrededor</a> (2006) and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Los_managers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Los managers (page does not exist)">Los managers</a>, are examples of Spanish road films that, like US movies such as <a href="/wiki/Road_Trip_(2000_film)" title="Road Trip (2000 film)">Road Trip</a>, uses the "road movie genre as a narrative framework for...gross-out sex comedy".<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> The director of Airbag, <a href="/wiki/Juanma_Bajo_Ulloa" title="Juanma Bajo Ulloa">Juanma Bajo Ulloa</a>, states that he aimed to make fun of the road movie genre as established in North America, while still using the metamorphosis through road trip narrative that is popular in the genre (in this case, the main male character rejects his upper class girlfriend in favour of a prostitute he meets on the road).<a href="#cite_note-Eraso,_Carmen_Indurain_2015._p._145-6-36">[36]</a> Airbag also uses Spanish equivalents to the stock road movie setting and iconography, depicting "deserts, casinos and road clubs" and use the road movie action sequences (chases, car explosions, and crashes) that remind the viewer of similar work by <a href="/wiki/Tony_Scott" title="Tony Scott">Tony Scott</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Stone" title="Oliver Stone">Oliver Stone</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Eraso,_Carmen_Indurain_2015._p._145-6-36">[36]</a> A second subtype of Spanish road movies is more influenced by the female road movies from the US, such as <a href="/wiki/Martin_Scorsese" title="Martin Scorsese">Martin Scorsese</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Alice_Doesn%27t_Live_Here_Anymore" title="Alice Doesn't Live Here Anymore">Alice Doesn't Live Here Anymore</a> (1974), <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Demme" title="Jonathan Demme">Jonathan Demme</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Crazy_Mama" title="Crazy Mama">Crazy Mama</a> (1975), <a href="/wiki/Ridley_Scott" title="Ridley Scott">Ridley Scott</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Thelma_%26_Louise" title="Thelma & Louise">Thelma & Louise</a> (1991), and <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Ross" title="Herbert Ross">Herbert Ross</a>' <a href="/wiki/Boys_on_the_Side" title="Boys on the Side">Boys on the Side</a> (1995), in that they show a "less traditional" and more "visible, innovative, introspective, and realistic" type of woman onscreen.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> Spanish road movies about women include <a href="/wiki/Hola,_%C2%BFest%C3%A1s_sola%3F" title="Hola, ¿estás sola?">Hola, ¿estás sola?</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lisbon_(1999_film)" title="Lisbon (1999 film)">Lisboa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fugitivas" class="mw-redirect" title="Fugitivas">Fugitivas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Return_to_Hansala" title="Return to Hansala">Retorno a Hansala</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sin_Dejar_Huella" class="mw-redirect" title="Sin Dejar Huella">Sin Dejar Huella</a> address social issues about women, such as the "injustice and mistreatment" that women experience under "authoritarian patriarchal order."<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> Fugitivas depicts an American road movie genre convention: the "disintegration of the family and the community" and the "journey of transformation", as it depicts two fugitives on the run, whose distrust fades as the two women learn to trust each other from their adventures on the road.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> The images in the film are blend of homage to US road movie conventions (gas stations, billboards) and "recognizable Spanish types", such as the "embittered drunkard".<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> Other European road films include <a href="/wiki/Ingmar_Bergman" title="Ingmar Bergman">Ingmar Bergman</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Wild_Strawberries_(film)" title="Wild Strawberries (film)">Wild Strawberries</a> (1957), about an old professor travelling the roads of Sweden and picking up hitchhikers and <a href="/wiki/Jean-Luc_Godard" title="Jean-Luc Godard">Jean-Luc Godard</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Pierrot_le_fou" class="mw-redirect" title="Pierrot le fou">Pierrot le fou</a> (1965) about law-breaking lovers escaping on the road. Both of these films, as well as <a href="/wiki/Roberto_Rossellini" title="Roberto Rossellini">Roberto Rossellini</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Voyage_in_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Voyage in Italy">Voyage in Italy</a> (1953) and Godard's <a href="/wiki/Weekend_(1967_film)" title="Weekend (1967 film)">Weekend</a> (1967) have more "existential sensibility" or pauses for "philosophical digressions of a European bent", as compared with American road films.<a href="#cite_note-auto-8">[8]</a> <a href="/wiki/Three_Men_and_a_Leg" title="Three Men and a Leg">Three Men and a Leg</a> (1997) features several sketches from filmmakers and producers' <a href="/wiki/Aldo,_Giovanni_%26_Giacomo" class="mw-redirect" title="Aldo, Giovanni & Giacomo">Aldo, Giovanni & Giacomo</a>'s previous comedy productions overlaid with the rest of the movie's road-trip and <a href="/wiki/Romantic_comedy" title="Romantic comedy">romantic comedy</a> atmosphere.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> Other European road films include <a href="/wiki/Chris_Petit" title="Chris Petit">Chris Petit</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Radio_On" title="Radio On">Radio On</a> (1979), a Wim Wenders-influenced film set on the M4 motorway; <a href="/wiki/Aki_Kaurism%C3%A4ki" title="Aki Kaurismäki">Aki Kaurismäki</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Leningrad_Cowboys_Go_America" title="Leningrad Cowboys Go America">Leningrad Cowboys Go America</a> ( 1989), about a fictional Russian rock band which travels to the US; and <a href="/wiki/Theo_Angelopoulos" title="Theo Angelopoulos">Theo Angelopoulos</a>' <a href="/wiki/Landscape_in_the_Mist" title="Landscape in the Mist">Landscape in the Mist</a>, about a road trip from Greece to Germany. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Latin_America">Latin America</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Road_movie&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Latin America">edit</a>]</div> Road movies made in Latin America are similar in feel to European road films.<a href="#cite_note-auto-8">[8]</a> Latin American road movies are usually about a cast of characters, rather than a couple or single person, and the films explore the differences between urban and rural regions and between north and south.<a href="#cite_note-auto-8">[8]</a> <a href="/wiki/Luis_Bu%C3%B1uel" title="Luis Buñuel">Luis Buñuel</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Bus_Ride" title="Mexican Bus Ride">Subida al Cielo</a> (Mexican Bus Ride, 1951), is about a poor rural person's trip into a big city to help his mother, who is dying. The road trip on this film is shown as a "carnivalesque pilgrimage" or "travelling circus", an approach also used in <a href="/wiki/Bye_Bye_Brazil" title="Bye Bye Brazil">Bye Bye Brazil</a> (1979, Brazil), <a href="/wiki/Guantanamera" title="Guantanamera">Guantanamera</a> (1995, Cuba), and <a href="/wiki/Central_do_Brasil" title="Central do Brasil">Central do Brasil</a> (Central Station, 1998, Brazil).<a href="#cite_note-auto-8">[8]</a> Some Latin American road movies are also set in the era of conquest, such as <a href="/wiki/Cabeza_de_Vaca" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabeza de Vaca">Cabeza de Vaca</a> (1991, Mexico). Movies about outlaws escaping from justice include <a href="/wiki/Profundo_Carmes%C3%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="Profundo Carmesí">Profundo Carmesí</a> (Deep Crimson, 1996, Mexico) and El Camino (The Road, 2000, Argentina).<a href="#cite_note-auto-8">[8]</a> <a href="/wiki/Y_tu_mam%C3%A1_tambi%C3%A9n" title="Y tu mamá también">Y tu mamá también</a> (And Your Mother Too, 2001, Mexico) is about two young male buddies who have sexual adventures on the road.<a href="#cite_note-auto-8">[8]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Russia_and_countries_of_the_former_USSR">Russia and countries of the former USSR</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Road_movie&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Russia and countries of the former USSR">edit</a>]</div> Movies involving road movie genre while being rejected by mainstream media, gained huge popularity in Russian art cinema and surrounding post-Soviet cultures, slowly building their way into international film festivals. Well-known examples are <a href="/wiki/My_Joy" title="My Joy">My Joy</a> (2010), <a href="/wiki/Bimmer_(film)" title="Bimmer (film)">Bimmer</a> (2003), <a href="/wiki/The_Major_(film)" title="The Major (film)">Major</a> (2013), and <a href="/wiki/How_Vitka_Chesnok_Took_Lyokha_Shtyr_to_the_Home_for_Invalids" class="mw-redirect" title="How Vitka Chesnok Took Lyokha Shtyr to the Home for Invalids">How Vitka Chesnok Took Lyokha Shtyr to the Home for Invalids</a> (2017). Some other movies incorporate a large portion of road movie style, for example <a href="/wiki/Morphine_(film)" title="Morphine (film)">Morphine</a> (2008), <a href="/wiki/Leviathan_(2014_film)" title="Leviathan (2014 film)">Leviathan</a> (2014), <a href="/wiki/Cargo_200_(film)" title="Cargo 200 (film)">Cargo 200</a> (2007), <a href="/wiki/Donbass_(film)" title="Donbass (film)">Donbass</a> (2018). With themes ranging from crime, corruption and power to history, addiction and existence, road movies became an independent part of cinematic landscape. From the strong flow of existentialism, to the <a href="/wiki/Black_comedy" title="Black comedy">black comedy</a> style, the road movie experienced a new revival. Most precious are pieces from <a href="/wiki/Sergei_Loznitsa" title="Sergei Loznitsa">Sergei Loznitsa</a>, in his early work <a href="/wiki/My_Joy" title="My Joy">My Joy</a> (2010) he used black noir style to tell the story of people falling together with destruction of governments after the fall of the Soviet Union. In his later work <a href="/wiki/Donbass_(film)" title="Donbass (film)">Donbass</a> (2018), he takes an opposing style, turning to black comedy and satire to underline actual war tragedies in the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Russo-Ukrainian War">Russo-Ukrainian War</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="India">India</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Road_movie&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: India">edit</a>]</div> Indian screens saw a series of road movies with experimental filmmaker <a href="/wiki/Ram_Gopal_Varma" title="Ram Gopal Varma">Ram Gopal Varma</a>'s works such as <a href="/wiki/Kshana_Kshanam" title="Kshana Kshanam">Kshana Kshanam</a>. <a href="/wiki/Rachel_Dwyer" title="Rachel Dwyer">Rachel Dwyer</a>, a reader in world cinema at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_London" title="University of London">University of London</a>-Department of South Asia, marked Varma's contribution into the new-age <a href="/wiki/Film_noir" title="Film noir">film noir</a>.<a href="#cite_note-The_Sunday_Tribune_-_Spectrum-42">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-dwyer-43">[43]</a> The film received critical reception at the <a href="/wiki/Ann_Arbor_Film_Festival" title="Ann Arbor Film Festival">Ann Arbor Film Festival</a>, which led to a series of genre-benders like <a href="/wiki/Mani_Ratnam" title="Mani Ratnam">Mani Ratnam</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Thiruda_Thiruda" title="Thiruda Thiruda">Thiruda Thiruda</a>, and Varma's <a href="/wiki/Daud_(film)" title="Daud (film)">Daud</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anaganaga_Oka_Roju" title="Anaganaga Oka Roju">Anaganaga Oka Roju</a> and <a href="/wiki/Road_(2002_film)" title="Road (2002 film)">Road</a>.<a href="#cite_note-India_Today-44">[44]</a> Subsequently 21st century <a href="/wiki/Bollywood" class="mw-redirect" title="Bollywood">bollywood</a> movies witnessed a surge of motion-pictures such as <a href="/wiki/Road,_Movie" title="Road, Movie">Road, Movie</a>, nominated for the <a href="/wiki/Tokyo_International_Film_Festival#Tokyo_Sakura_Grand_Prix_winners" title="Tokyo International Film Festival">Tokyo Sakura Grand Prix Award</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Tribeca_Film_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Tribeca Film Festival">Tribeca Film Festival</a>,<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> and the Generation 14plus at the <a href="/wiki/60th_Berlin_International_Film_Festival" title="60th Berlin International Film Festival">60th Berlin International Film Festival</a> in 2010.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> <a href="/wiki/Liar%27s_Dice_(film)" title="Liar's Dice (film)">Liars Dice</a> explores the story of a young mother from a remote village who, going in search of her missing husband, goes missing, the film examines the human cost of migration to cities and the exploitation of migrant workers. It was <a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_submissions_for_the_Academy_Award_for_Best_Foreign_Language_Film" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Indian submissions for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film">India's Official Entry</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Foreign_Language_Film" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film">Best Foreign Language Film</a> for the <a href="/wiki/87th_Academy_Awards" title="87th Academy Awards">87th Academy Awards</a>.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-IndiaHWR-50">[50]</a> It won special prize at <a href="/wiki/Sofia_International_Film_Festival" title="Sofia International Film Festival">Sofia International Film Festival</a>.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Karwaan" title="Karwaan">Karwaan</a>, the protagonist is forced to set out on a road trip from <a href="/wiki/Bengaluru" title="Bengaluru">Bengaluru</a> to <a href="/wiki/Kochi" title="Kochi">Kochi</a> after he loses his father in an accident, but the body delivered to him is of the mother of a woman in another state.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> Ryan Gilbey of <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a> was broadly positive about <a href="/wiki/Zoya_Akhtar" title="Zoya Akhtar">Zoya Akhtar</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Zindagi_Na_Milegi_Dobara" title="Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara">Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara</a>; he wrote, "It's still playing to full houses, and you can see why. Slick it may be. But tourist board employees representing the various <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spanish</a> cities flattered in the movie are not the only ones who will come out grinning", and that he found the movie "stubbornly un-macho" for a buddy film.<a href="#cite_note-guardianreview-54">[54]</a> <a href="/wiki/Piku" title="Piku">Piku</a> tells the story of the short-tempered Piku Banerjee (<a href="/wiki/Deepika_Padukone" title="Deepika Padukone">Deepika Padukone</a>), her grumpy, aging father Bhashkor (<a href="/wiki/Amitabh_Bachchan" title="Amitabh Bachchan">Amitabh Bachchan</a>) and Rana Chaudhary (<a href="/wiki/Irrfan_Khan" title="Irrfan Khan">Irrfan Khan</a>), who is stuck between the father-daughter duo, as they embark on a journey from <a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a> to <a href="/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata">Kolkata</a>.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Nagesh_Kukunoor" title="Nagesh Kukunoor">Nagesh Kukunoor</a>'s children's film <a href="/wiki/Dhanak" title="Dhanak">Dhanak</a> a blind kid and his sister set off alone on a 300 km journey traversing testing Indian terrain from <a href="/wiki/Jaislamer" class="mw-redirect" title="Jaislamer">Jaislamer</a> to <a href="/wiki/Jodhpur" title="Jodhpur">Jodhpur</a>, the film won the Crystal Bear Grand Prix for Best Children's Film, and Special Mention for the Best Feature Film by The Children's Jury for Generation Kplus at the <a href="/wiki/65th_Berlin_International_Film_Festival" title="65th Berlin International Film Festival">65th Berlin International Film Festival</a><a href="#cite_note-auto1-56">[56]</a> <a href="/wiki/Finding_Fanny" title="Finding Fanny">Finding Fanny</a> is based on a road trip set in <a href="/wiki/Goa" title="Goa">Goa</a> and follows the journey of five dysfunctional friends who set out on a road trip in search of Fanny.<a href="#cite_note-ibtimes-57">[57]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Good_Road" title="The Good Road">The Good Road</a> is told in a <a href="/wiki/Hyperlink_cinema" title="Hyperlink cinema">hyperlink format</a>, where several stories are intertwined, with the center of the action being a highway in the rural lands of <a href="/wiki/Gujarat" title="Gujarat">Gujarat</a> near a town in <a href="/wiki/Kutch" class="mw-redirect" title="Kutch">Kutch</a>.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Africa">Africa</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Road_movie&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Africa">edit</a>]</div> Several road movies have been produced in <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Cocorico!_Monsieur_Poulet" title="Cocorico! Monsieur Poulet">Cocorico! Monsieur Poulet</a> (1977, <a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a>); <a href="/wiki/The_Train_of_Salt_and_Sugar" title="The Train of Salt and Sugar">The Train of Salt and Sugar</a> (2016, <a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a>); Hayat (2016, <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>); Touki Bouki (1973, Senegal) and Borders (2017, <a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a>).<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Road_movie&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stagecoach-1939.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Stagecoach-1939.jpg/200px-Stagecoach-1939.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Stagecoach-1939.jpg/300px-Stagecoach-1939.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Stagecoach-1939.jpg/400px-Stagecoach-1939.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1033" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/John_Ford" title="John Ford">John Ford</a>'s 1939 Western <a href="/wiki/Stagecoach_(1939_film)" title="Stagecoach (1939 film)">Stagecoach</a> has been called a proto-road movie.</figcaption></figure> The genre has its roots in spoken and written tales of epic journeys, such as the <a href="/wiki/Odyssey" title="Odyssey">Odyssey</a><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-5">[5]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Aeneid" title="Aeneid">Aeneid</a>. The road film is a standard plot employed by <a href="/wiki/Screenwriter" title="Screenwriter">screenwriters</a>. It is a type of <a href="/wiki/Bildungsroman" title="Bildungsroman">bildungsroman</a>, a story in which the hero changes, grows or improves over the course of the story. It focuses more on the journey rather than the goal. David Laderman lists other literary influences on the road movie, such as <a href="/wiki/Don_Quixote" title="Don Quixote">Don Quixote</a> (1615), which uses a description of a journey to create social satire; <a href="/wiki/The_Adventures_of_Huckleberry_Finn" class="mw-redirect" title="The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn">The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn</a> (1884), a story about a journey down the Mississippi River that is full of social commentary; <a href="/wiki/Heart_of_Darkness" title="Heart of Darkness">Heart of Darkness</a> (1902), about a journey down a river in the Belgian Congo to search for a rogue colonial trader; and <a href="/wiki/Women_in_Love" title="Women in Love">Women in Love</a> (1920), which describes "travel and mobility" while also providing social commentary about the woes of industrialization.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-5">[5]</a> Laderman states that Women in Love particularly lays the groundwork for the future road films, as it showed a couple who rebelled against social norms by leaving their familiar location and going on an aimless, meandering journey.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-5">[5]</a> Steinbeck's novel <a href="/wiki/The_Grapes_of_Wrath" title="The Grapes of Wrath">The Grapes of Wrath</a> (1939) depicts a family that struggles to survive on the road during the Great Depression, a book that has been called "America's best-known proletarian road saga".<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-5">[5]</a> The movie version of the novel, made a year later, depicts the hungry, weary family's travel on <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_66" title="U.S. Route 66">Route 66</a> using "montage sequences, reflected images of the road on windshields and mirrors", and shots taken from the driver's point of view to create a sense of movement and place.<a href="#cite_note-Archer,_Neil_2016._p._15-61">[61]</a> Even though Henry Miller's <a href="/wiki/The_Air-Conditioned_Nightmare" title="The Air-Conditioned Nightmare">The Air-Conditioned Nightmare</a> (1947) is not a fictional work, it captures the mood of frustration, restlessness and aimlessness that became prevalent in the road movie.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-5">[5]</a> In the book, which describe's Miller's cross-country journey across the United States, he criticizes the nation's descent into materialism.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-5">[5]</a> Western films such as <a href="/wiki/John_Ford" title="John Ford">John Ford</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Stagecoach_(1939_film)" title="Stagecoach (1939 film)">Stagecoach</a> (1939) have been called "proto-road movies."<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated7-62">[62]</a> In the film, an unusual group of travellers, including a banker, prostitute, escaped prisoner and a military officer's wife, move through the dangerous desert trails.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> Even though the travellers are so unlike each other, the mutual danger they must face in travelling through <a href="/wiki/Geronimo" title="Geronimo">Geronimo</a>'s Apache territory requires them to work together to create a "utopia of...community".<a href="#cite_note-Archer,_Neil_2016._p._15-61">[61]</a> The difference between older stories about wandering characters and the road movie is technological: with road movies, the hero travels by car, motorcycle, bus or train, making road movies a representation of modernity's advantages and social ills.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated4-15">[15]</a> The on-the-road plot was used at the birth of American cinema but blossomed in the years after <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, reflecting a boom in automobile production and the growth of youth culture. Early road movies have been criticized by some <a href="/wiki/Progressivism_in_the_United_States" title="Progressivism in the United States">progressives</a> for their "casual misogyny", "fear of otherness", and for not examining issues such as power, privilege, and gender <a href="#cite_note-autogenerated7-62">[62]</a> and for mostly showing white people.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grapes_of_Wrath,_The_-_(Original_Trailer)_-_10.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Grapes_of_Wrath%2C_The_-_%28Original_Trailer%29_-_10.png/250px-Grapes_of_Wrath%2C_The_-_%28Original_Trailer%29_-_10.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Grapes_of_Wrath%2C_The_-_%28Original_Trailer%29_-_10.png/330px-Grapes_of_Wrath%2C_The_-_%28Original_Trailer%29_-_10.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Grapes_of_Wrath%2C_The_-_%28Original_Trailer%29_-_10.png/500px-Grapes_of_Wrath%2C_The_-_%28Original_Trailer%29_-_10.png 2x" data-file-width="652" data-file-height="476" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/The_Grapes_of_Wrath" title="The Grapes of Wrath">The Grapes of Wrath</a> (1940) is about an entire family on the road.</figcaption></figure> The road movie of the pre-WW II era was changed by the publication of <a href="/wiki/Jack_Kerouac" title="Jack Kerouac">Jack Kerouac</a>'s <a href="/wiki/On_the_Road" title="On the Road">On the Road</a> in 1957, as it sketched out the future for the road movie and provided its "master narrative" of exploration, questing, and journeying. The book includes many descriptions of driving in cars. It also depicted the character Sal Paradise, a middle class college student who goes on the road to seek material for his writing career, a bounded journey with a clear start and finish which differs from the open ended wandering of previous films, with characters making chance encounters with other drivers who influence where one travels or ends up.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> To contrast the intellectual Sal character, Kerouac has the juvenile delinquent Dean, a wild, fast-driving character who represents the idea that the road provides liberation.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> By depicting a movie character who was marginalized and who could not be incorporated into mainstream American culture, Kerouac opened the way for road movies to depict a more diverse range of characters, rather than just heterosexual couples (e.g., It Happened One Night), groups on the move (e.g., The Grapes of Wrath), notably the pair of male buddies.<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> On the Road and another novel published in the same era, <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Nabokov" title="Vladimir Nabokov">Vladimir Nabokov</a>'s novel <a href="/wiki/Lolita" title="Lolita">Lolita</a> (1955), have been called "two monumental road novels that rip back and forth across American with a subversive erotic charge."<a href="#cite_note-auto-8">[8]</a> In the 1950s, there were "wholesome" road comedies such as <a href="/wiki/Bob_Hope" title="Bob Hope">Bob Hope</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bing_Crosby" title="Bing Crosby">Bing Crosby</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Road_to_Bali" title="Road to Bali">Road to Bali</a> (1952), <a href="/wiki/Vincente_Minnelli" title="Vincente Minnelli">Vincente Minnelli</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Long,_Long_Trailer" title="The Long, Long Trailer">The Long, Long Trailer</a> (1954) and the <a href="/wiki/Dean_Martin" title="Dean Martin">Dean Martin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Lewis" title="Jerry Lewis">Jerry Lewis</a> film <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_or_Bust" title="Hollywood or Bust">Hollywood or Bust</a> (1956).<a href="#cite_note-auto-8">[8]</a> There were not many 1950s road films, but "postwar youth culture" was depicted in <a href="/wiki/The_Wild_One" title="The Wild One">The Wild One</a> (1953) and <a href="/wiki/Rebel_Without_a_Cause" title="Rebel Without a Cause">Rebel Without a Cause</a> (1955).<a href="#cite_note-auto-8">[8]</a> Timothy Corrigan states that post-WW II, the genre of road films became more codified, with features solidifying such as the use of characters experiencing "amnesia, hallucinations and theatrical crisis".<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-5">[5]</a> David Laderman states that road movies have a modernist aesthetic approach, as they focus on "rebellion, social criticism, and liberating thrills", which shows "disillusionment" with mainstream political and aesthetic norms.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-5">[5]</a> Awareness of the "road picture" as a separate genre came only in the 1960s with <a href="/wiki/Bonnie_and_Clyde_(film)" title="Bonnie and Clyde (film)">Bonnie and Clyde</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] and <a href="/wiki/Easy_Rider" title="Easy Rider">Easy Rider</a>.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> Road movies were an important genre in the late 1960s and 1970s era of the <a href="/wiki/New_Hollywood" title="New Hollywood">New Hollywood</a>, with films such as <a href="/wiki/Terrence_Malick" title="Terrence Malick">Terrence Malick</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Badlands_(film)" title="Badlands (film)">Badlands</a> and <a href="/wiki/Richard_Sarafian" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Sarafian">Richard Sarafian</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Vanishing_Point_(1971_film)" title="Vanishing Point (1971 film)">Vanishing Point</a> (1971) showing an influence from Bonnie and Clyde.<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> There may have been influences from French cinema in the creation of Bonnie and Clyde; <a href="/wiki/David_Newman_(composer)" title="David Newman (composer)">David Newman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Benton" title="Robert Benton">Robert Benton</a> have stated that they were influenced by <a href="/wiki/Jean-Luc_Godard" title="Jean-Luc Godard">Jean-Luc Godard</a>'s <a href="/wiki/A_bout_de_souffle" class="mw-redirect" title="A bout de souffle">A bout de souffle</a> (1960) and <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Truffaut" title="François Truffaut">François Truffaut</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Tirez_sur_la_pianiste" class="mw-redirect" title="Tirez sur la pianiste">Tirez sur la pianiste</a> (1960).<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated13-70">[70]</a> More generally, Devin Orgeron states that American road movies were based on post-WW II European cinema's own take on the American road film approach, showing a mutual influence between US and European filmmakers in this genre.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated13-70">[70]</a> The addition of violence to the sexual tension of road movies in the late 1960s and in subsequent decades can be seen as a way to create more excitement and "frisson".<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated8-6">[6]</a> From the 1930s to 1960s, merely showing a man and woman on a road trip was exciting for audience, as all the motel stays and closeness had implied, yet deferred, consummation of the sexual attraction between the characters (sex could not be depicted due to the <a href="/wiki/Motion_Picture_Production_Code" class="mw-redirect" title="Motion Picture Production Code">Motion Picture Production Code</a>).<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated8-6">[6]</a> With Bonnie and Clyde (1967) and Natural Born Killers (1994), the heterosexual couple are united by their involvement in murder; as well, with jail hanging over their heads, there can be no return to domestic life at the end of the film.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> There have been three historical eras of the "outlaw-rebel" road movie: the post-WW II <a href="/wiki/Film_noir" title="Film noir">film noir</a> era (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Detour_(1945_film)" title="Detour (1945 film)">Detour</a>), the late 1960s era which was rocked by the Vietnam War (Easy Rider and Bonnie and Clyde), and the post-Reagan era of the 1990s, when the "masculinist heroics of the Gulf War gave way to closer scrutiny" (<a href="/wiki/My_Own_Private_Idaho" title="My Own Private Idaho">My Own Private Idaho</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thelma_%26_Louise" title="Thelma & Louise">Thelma & Louise</a> and <a href="/wiki/Natural_Born_Killers" title="Natural Born Killers">Natural Born Killers</a>).<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> In the 1970s, there were low-budget outlaw films depicting chases, such as <a href="/wiki/Eddie_Macon%27s_Run" title="Eddie Macon's Run">Eddie Macon's Run</a>.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated10-30">[30]</a> In the 1980s, there were rural Southern road movies such as <a href="/wiki/Smokey_and_the_Bandit" title="Smokey and the Bandit">Smokey and the Bandit</a> and the <a href="/wiki/The_Cannonball_Run" title="The Cannonball Run">Cannonball Run</a> chase films of 1981 and 1984.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated10-30">[30]</a> The outlaw couple movie was reinvented in the 1990s with a postmodernist take in films such as <a href="/wiki/Wild_at_Heart_(film)" title="Wild at Heart (film)">Wild at Heart</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kalifornia" title="Kalifornia">Kalifornia</a> and <a href="/wiki/True_Romance" title="True Romance">True Romance</a>.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> While the first road movies described the discovery of new territories or pushing the boundaries of a nation, which was a core message of early Western films in the United States, road movies were later used to show how national identities were changing, such as which <a href="/wiki/Edgar_G._Ulmer" title="Edgar G. Ulmer">Edgar G. Ulmer</a>’s Detour (1945), a film noir about a musician travelling from New York City to Hollywood who sees a nation absorbed by greed, or <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Hopper" title="Dennis Hopper">Dennis Hopper</a>’s Easy Rider, which showed how American society was transformed by the social and cultural trends of the late 1960s.<a href="#cite_note-salles2007-1">[1]</a> The New Hollywood era films made use of the new film technologies in the road movie genre, such as "fast film stock" and lightweight cameras, as well as incorporating filmmaking approaches from European cinema, such as "elliptical narrative structure and self-reflexive devices, elusive development of alienated characters; bold traveling shots and montage sequences.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-5">[5]</a> Road movies have been called a post-WW II genre, as they track key post-war cultural trends, such as the breakup of the traditional family structure, in which male roles were destabilized; there is focus on menacing events which impact the characters who are on the move; there is an association between the character and the mode of transportation being used (e.g., a car or motorcycle), with the car symbolizing the self in the modern culture; and there is usually a focus on men, with women typically being excluded, creating a "male escapist fantasy linking masculinity to technology".<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2002-14">[14]</a> Despite these examples of the post-WW II aspects of road movies, Cohan and Hark argue that road movies go back to the 1930s.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> In the 2000s, a new crop of road movies was produced, including <a href="/wiki/Vincent_Gallo" title="Vincent Gallo">Vincent Gallo</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Brown_Bunny" class="mw-redirect" title="Brown Bunny">Brown Bunny</a> (2003), <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Payne" title="Alexander Payne">Alexander Payne</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Sideways" title="Sideways">Sideways</a> (2004), <a href="/wiki/Jim_Jarmusch" title="Jim Jarmusch">Jim Jarmusch</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Broken_Flowers" title="Broken Flowers">Broken Flowers</a> (2005) and <a href="/wiki/Kelly_Reichardt" title="Kelly Reichardt">Kelly Reichardt</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Old_Joy" title="Old Joy">Old Joy</a> (2006) and scholars are taking more interest in examining the genre.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> The British Film Institute highlights ten post-2000 road films that show that "[t]here’s still plenty of gas left in the road movie genre".<a href="#cite_note-Lunn-76">[76]</a> The BFI's top 10 include <a href="/wiki/Andrea_Arnold" title="Andrea Arnold">Andrea Arnold</a>’s <a href="/wiki/American_Honey_(film)" title="American Honey (film)">American Honey</a> (2016), which used "mostly non-professional actors"; <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_Cuar%C3%B3n" title="Alfonso Cuarón">Alfonso Cuarón</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Y_tu_mam%C3%A1_tambi%C3%A9n" title="Y tu mamá también">Y tu mamá también</a> (2001), about Mexican teens on the road; The Brown Bunny (2003), which garnered publicity for its "infamous fellatio scene"; <a href="/wiki/Walter_Salles" title="Walter Salles">Walter Salles</a>' <a href="/wiki/The_Motorcycle_Diaries_(film)" title="The Motorcycle Diaries (film)">The Motorcycle Diaries</a> (2004), about Che Guevera's epic motorcycle trip; <a href="/wiki/Mark_Duplass" title="Mark Duplass">Mark Duplass</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jay_Duplass" title="Jay Duplass">Jay Duplass</a>' <a href="/wiki/The_Puffy_Chair" title="The Puffy Chair">The Puffy Chair</a> (2005), the "first <a href="/wiki/Mumblecore" title="Mumblecore">mumblecore</a> road movie"; <a href="/wiki/Broken_Flowers" title="Broken Flowers">Broken Flowers</a> (2005); <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Dayton" title="Jonathan Dayton">Jonathan Dayton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Valerie_Faris" class="mw-redirect" title="Valerie Faris">Valerie Faris</a>' <a href="/wiki/Little_Miss_Sunshine" title="Little Miss Sunshine">Little Miss Sunshine</a> (2006), about a family's trip in a VW camper van; Old Joy (2006); <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Payne" title="Alexander Payne">Alexander Payne</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Nebraska_(film)" title="Nebraska (film)">Nebraska</a> (2013), which depicts a father and son on a road trip; <a href="/wiki/Steven_Knight" title="Steven Knight">Steven Knight</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Locke_(film)" title="Locke (film)">Locke</a> (2013), about a construction executive taking stressful calls on a road trip; and <a href="/wiki/Jafar_Panahi" title="Jafar Panahi">Jafar Panahi</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Taxi_Tehran" class="mw-redirect" title="Taxi Tehran">Taxi Tehran</a> (2015), about a cab driver ferrying strange passengers around the city.<a href="#cite_note-Lunn-76">[76]</a> Timothy Corrigan has called the postmodern road movie a "borderless refuse bin" of "<a href="/wiki/Mise_en_abyme" title="Mise en abyme">mise en abyme</a>" reflection, reflecting a modern audience that is not able to think of a "naturalized history".<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-5">[5]</a> Atkinson calls contemporary road movies an "ideogram of human desire and a last-ditch search for self" designed for an audience that was raised watching TV, particularly open-ended serial programs.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-5">[5]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Movies_of_this_genre">Movies of this genre</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Road_movie&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Movies of this genre">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a>. Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Road_movie" title="Special:EditPage/Road movie">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Road+movie%22">"Road movie"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Road+movie%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Road+movie%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Road+movie%22+-wikipedia">books</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Road+movie%22">scholar</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Road+movie%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a> (April 2017) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> Note, that the Country column is the country of origin and/or financing, and does not necessarily represent the country or countries depicted in each film. <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center"> <tbody><tr> <th>Title</th> <th>Year</th> <th><abbr title="...of origin/financing, _not_ the trip">Country</abbr></th> <th>Distribution </th></tr> <tr> <td>A French Holiday</td> <td>2018</td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sony_Pictures_Releasing" class="mw-redirect" title="Sony Pictures Releasing">Sony Pictures Releasing</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/A_Perfect_World" title="A Perfect World">A Perfect World</a></td> <td>1993</td> <td rowspan="3">United States</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros." title="Warner Bros.">Warner Bros.</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Adventures_in_Babysitting" title="Adventures in Babysitting">Adventures in Babysitting</a></td> <td>1987</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Buena_Vista_Pictures" class="mw-redirect" title="Buena Vista Pictures">Buena Vista Pictures</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Adventures_of_Huckleberry_Finn_(1939_film)" title="The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1939 film)">The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn</a></td> <td>1939</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer" title="Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer">Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td nowrap="" data-sort-value="Adventures of Priscilla, Queen of the Desert"><a href="/wiki/The_Adventures_of_Priscilla,_Queen_of_the_Desert" title="The Adventures of Priscilla, Queen of the Desert">The Adventures of Priscilla, Queen of the Desert</a></td> <td>1994</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gramercy_Pictures" title="Gramercy Pictures">Gramercy Pictures</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Alice_in_the_Cities" title="Alice in the Cities">Alice in the Cities</a></td> <td>1974</td> <td><a href="/wiki/West_Germany" title="West Germany">West Germany</a></td> <td>Bauer International </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Aloha,_Bobby_and_Rose" title="Aloha, Bobby and Rose">Aloha, Bobby and Rose</a></td> <td>1975</td> <td>United States</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Columbia_Pictures" title="Columbia Pictures">Columbia Pictures</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Alvin_and_the_Chipmunks:_The_Road_Chip" title="Alvin and the Chipmunks: The Road Chip">Alvin and the Chipmunks: The Road Chip</a></td> <td>2015</td> <td>United States</td> <td><a href="/wiki/20th_Century_Fox" class="mw-redirect" title="20th Century Fox">20th Century Fox</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ameerika_Suvi" title="Ameerika Suvi">Ameerika Suvi</a> (American Summer)</td> <td>2016</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/American_Honey_(film)" title="American Honey (film)">American Honey</a></td> <td>2016</td> <td>United States</td> <td><a href="/wiki/A24" title="A24">A24</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Are_We_There_Yet%3F_(film)" title="Are We There Yet? (film)">Are We There Yet?</a></td> <td>2005</td> <td>United States, <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></td> <td>Columbia Pictures </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/As_Crazy_as_It_Gets" title="As Crazy as It Gets">As Crazy as It Gets</a></td> <td>2015</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/As_Good_as_it_Gets" class="mw-redirect" title="As Good as it Gets">As Good as it Gets</a></td> <td>1997</td> <td>United States</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Columbia_Pictures" title="Columbia Pictures">Columbia Pictures</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Badlands_(film)" title="Badlands (film)">Badlands</a></td> <td>1973 </td> <td>United States</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros." title="Warner Bros.">Warner Bros.</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Basilicata_Coast_to_Coast" title="Basilicata Coast to Coast">Basilicata Coast to Coast</a> </td> <td>2010 </td> <td>Italy </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Beavis_and_Butt-Head_Do_America" title="Beavis and Butt-Head Do America">Beavis and Butt-Head Do America</a></td> <td>1996 </td> <td>United States</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Paramount_Pictures" title="Paramount Pictures">Paramount Pictures</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bimmer_(film)" title="Bimmer (film)">Bimmer</a></td> <td>2003</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Black_Sheep_(1996_film)" title="Black Sheep (1996 film)">Black Sheep</a></td> <td>1996</td> <td rowspan="8">United States</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Paramount_Pictures" title="Paramount Pictures">Paramount Pictures</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Blue_Bird_(1940_film)" title="The Blue Bird (1940 film)">The Blue Bird</a></td> <td>1940</td> <td><a href="/wiki/20th_Century_Fox" class="mw-redirect" title="20th Century Fox">20th Century Fox</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Blues_Brothers_(film)" title="The Blues Brothers (film)">The Blues Brothers</a></td> <td>1980</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Universal_Pictures" title="Universal Pictures">Universal Pictures</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bonnie_and_Clyde_(film)" title="Bonnie and Clyde (film)">Bonnie and Clyde</a></td> <td>1967</td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros." title="Warner Bros.">Warner Bros.</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Boys_on_the_Side" title="Boys on the Side">Boys on the Side</a></td> <td>1995 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Breakdown_(1997_film)" title="Breakdown (1997 film)">Breakdown</a></td> <td>1997</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Paramount_Pictures" title="Paramount Pictures">Paramount Pictures</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Bride_Came_C.O.D." title="The Bride Came C.O.D.">The Bride Came C.O.D.</a></td> <td>1941</td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros." title="Warner Bros.">Warner Bros.</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Bucket_List" title="The Bucket List">The Bucket List</a></td> <td>2007 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Burn_Burn_Burn_(film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Burn Burn Burn (film)">Burn Burn Burn</a></td> <td>2015</td> <td>United Kingdom</td> <td>Verve Pictures </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cactus_(2008_film)" title="Cactus (2008 film)">Cactus</a></td> <td>2008</td> <td>Australia</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hoyts" title="Hoyts">Hoyts Distribution</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Cannonball_Run" title="The Cannonball Run">The Cannonball Run</a></td> <td>1981</td> <td>United States, <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/20th_Century_Fox" class="mw-redirect" title="20th Century Fox">20th Century Fox</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Charlie</td> <td>2015</td> <td><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></td> <td>RFT Films </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Children_Who_Chase_Lost_Voices" title="Children Who Chase Lost Voices">Children Who Chase Lost Voices</a></td> <td>2011</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Media_Factory" title="Media Factory">Media Factory</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/College_Road_Trip" title="College Road Trip">College Road Trip</a></td> <td>2008</td> <td>United States</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Walt_Disney_Pictures" title="Walt Disney Pictures">Walt Disney Pictures</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Come_as_You_Are_(2011_film)" title="Come as You Are (2011 film)">Come as You Are</a> (aka Hasta la Vista)</td> <td>2011</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></td> <td>Eureka Entertainment </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cop_Car_(film)" title="Cop Car (film)">Cop Car</a></td> <td>2015</td> <td rowspan="6">United States</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Universal_Home_Entertainment" class="mw-redirect" title="Universal Home Entertainment">Universal Home Entertainment</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Coupe_de_Ville_(film)" title="Coupe de Ville (film)">Coupe de Ville</a></td> <td>1990</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros." title="Warner Bros.">Warner Bros.</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Croods" title="The Croods">The Croods</a></td> <td>2013</td> <td><a href="/wiki/20th_Century_Fox" class="mw-redirect" title="20th Century Fox">20th Century Fox</a> (via <a href="/wiki/DreamWorks_Animation" title="DreamWorks Animation">DreamWorks Animation</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Crossroads_(2002_film)" title="Crossroads (2002 film)">Crossroads</a></td> <td>2002</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Paramount_Pictures" title="Paramount Pictures">Paramount Pictures</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Death_Proof" title="Death Proof">Death Proof</a></td> <td>2007</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dimension_Films" title="Dimension Films">Dimension Films</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Detroit_Rock_City_(film)" title="Detroit Rock City (film)">Detroit Rock City</a><a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a></td> <td>1999</td> <td>Base-12 Productions </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dhanak" title="Dhanak">Dhanak</a></td> <td>2016</td> <td>India</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Diary_of_a_Wimpy_Kid:_The_Long_Haul_(film)" title="Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Long Haul (film)">Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Long Haul</a></td> <td>2017</td> <td rowspan="6">United States</td> <td><a href="/wiki/20th_Century_Fox" class="mw-redirect" title="20th Century Fox">20th Century Fox</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dirty_Girl_(2010_film)" title="Dirty Girl (2010 film)">Dirty Girl</a></td> <td>2010</td> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Weinstein_Company" title="The Weinstein Company">The Weinstein Company</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dirty_Mary,_Crazy_Larry" title="Dirty Mary, Crazy Larry">Dirty Mary, Crazy Larry</a></td> <td>1974</td> <td><a href="/wiki/20th_Century_Fox" class="mw-redirect" title="20th Century Fox">20th Century Fox</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Don%27t_Make_Me_Go_(film)" title="Don't Make Me Go (film)"> Don’t Make Me Go</a></td> <td>2022</td> <td>Amazon Studios </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Doom_Generation" title="The Doom Generation">The Doom Generation</a></td> <td>1995</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Trimark_Pictures" title="Trimark Pictures">Trimark Pictures</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Drive-Away_Dolls" title="Drive-Away Dolls">Drive-Away Dolls</a></td> <td>2024</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Focus_Features" title="Focus Features">Focus Features</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Drive_My_Car_(film)" title="Drive My Car (film)">Drive My Car</a></td> <td>2021</td> <td>Japan</td> <td>Bitters End (Japan) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Due_Date_(2010_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Due Date (2010 film)">Due Date</a></td> <td>2010</td> <td rowspan="5">United States</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros." title="Warner Bros.">Warner Bros.</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Duel_(1971_film)" title="Duel (1971 film)">Duel</a></td> <td>1971</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Universal_Pictures" title="Universal Pictures">Universal Pictures</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dumb_and_Dumber" title="Dumb and Dumber">Dumb and Dumber</a></td> <td>1994</td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Line_Cinema" title="New Line Cinema">New Line Cinema</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dumb_and_Dumber_To" title="Dumb and Dumber To">Dumb and Dumber To</a></td> <td>2014</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Universal_Pictures" title="Universal Pictures">Universal Pictures</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Easy_Rider" title="Easy Rider">Easy Rider</a></td> <td>1969</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sony_Pictures_Releasing" class="mw-redirect" title="Sony Pictures Releasing">Sony Pictures Releasing</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ed,_Edd_n_Eddy%27s_Big_Picture_Show" title="Ed, Edd n Eddy's Big Picture Show">Ed, Edd n Eddy's Big Picture Show</a></td> <td>2009</td> <td>United States, Canada</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros._Television" class="mw-redirect" title="Warner Bros. Television">Warner Bros. Television</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Egghead_%26_Twinkie" title="Egghead & Twinkie">Egghead & Twinkie</a></td> <td>2023</td> <td>United States</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=CanBeDone_Films&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CanBeDone Films (page does not exist)">CanBeDone Films</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/EuroTrip" title="EuroTrip">EuroTrip</a></td> <td>2004</td> <td>United States, <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Universal_Pictures" title="Universal Pictures">Universal Pictures</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Eyjafjallaj%C3%B6kull_(film)" title="Eyjafjallajökull (film)">Eyjafjallajökull</a></td> <td>2013</td> <td>France</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Fanboys_(film)" title="Fanboys (film)">Fanboys</a></td> <td>2009</td> <td rowspan="3">United States</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Anchor_Bay_Entertainment" title="Anchor Bay Entertainment">Anchor Bay Entertainment</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Fandango_(1985_film)" title="Fandango (1985 film)">Fandango</a></td> <td>1985</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros." title="Warner Bros.">Warner Bros.</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Fundamentals_of_Caring" title="The Fundamentals of Caring">The Fundamentals of Caring</a></td> <td>2016</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Netflix" title="Netflix">Netflix</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Gamyam" title="Gamyam">Gamyam</a></td> <td>2008</td> <td>India</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Gabby%27s_Dollhouse:_The_Movie" title="Gabby's Dollhouse: The Movie">Gabby's Dollhouse: The Movie</a></td> <td>2025</td> <td>United States</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Universal_Pictures" title="Universal Pictures">Universal Pictures</a> (via <a href="/wiki/DreamWorks_Animation" title="DreamWorks Animation">DreamWorks Animation</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Get_on_the_Bus" title="Get on the Bus">Get on the Bus</a></td> <td>1996</td> <td rowspan="2">United States</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sony_Pictures_Releasing" class="mw-redirect" title="Sony Pictures Releasing">Sony Pictures Releasing</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/God_Bless_America_(film)" title="God Bless America (film)">God Bless America</a></td> <td>2011</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Magnolia_Pictures" title="Magnolia Pictures">Magnolia Pictures</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Goin%27_Down_the_Road" title="Goin' Down the Road">Goin' Down the Road</a></td> <td>1970</td> <td>Canada</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chevron_Pictures&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chevron Pictures (page does not exist)">Chevron Pictures</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Goodbye_Berlin" title="Goodbye Berlin">Goodbye Berlin</a></td> <td>2016</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/StudioCanal" title="StudioCanal">StudioCanal</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Goodbye_Pork_Pie" title="Goodbye Pork Pie">Goodbye Pork Pie</a></td> <td>1981</td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/A_Goofy_Movie" title="A Goofy Movie">A Goofy Movie</a></td> <td>1995</td> <td rowspan="2">United States</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Buena_Vista_Pictures" class="mw-redirect" title="Buena Vista Pictures">Buena Vista Pictures</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Grapes_of_Wrath_(film)" title="The Grapes of Wrath (film)">The Grapes of Wrath</a></td> <td>1940</td> <td><a href="/wiki/20th_Century_Fox" class="mw-redirect" title="20th Century Fox">20th Century Fox</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Grave_of_the_Fireflies" title="Grave of the Fireflies">Grave of the Fireflies</a></td> <td>1988</td> <td>Japan</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Toho" title="Toho">Toho</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Green_Book_(film)" title="Green Book (film)">Green Book</a></td> <td>2018</td> <td>United States</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Participant_Media" class="mw-redirect" title="Participant Media">Participant Media</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Guilt_Trip_(film)" title="The Guilt Trip (film)">The Guilt Trip</a></td> <td>2012</td> <td>United States</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Paramount_Pictures" title="Paramount Pictures">Paramount Pictures</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Gypsy_(2019_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gypsy (2019 film)">Gypsy</a></td> <td>2019</td> <td>India</td> <td>Olympia Pictures </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hacksaw_(film)" title="Hacksaw (film)">Hacksaw</a> </td> <td>2020 </td> <td rowspan="2">United States </td> <td>Midnight Releasing </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Harold_%26_Kumar_Go_to_White_Castle" title="Harold & Kumar Go to White Castle">Harold & Kumar Go to White Castle</a></td> <td>2004</td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Line_Cinema" title="New Line Cinema">New Line Cinema</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Have Dreams, Will Travel</td> <td>2007</td> <td>United States</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Heavy_Trip" title="Heavy Trip">Heavy Trip</a><a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a></td> <td>2018</td> <td rowspan="2">Finland</td> <td>Making Movies </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Heavier_Trip" title="Heavier Trip">Heavier Trip</a><a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a></td> <td>2024</td> <td>Heimathafen Film </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Hills_Have_Eyes_(1977_film)" title="The Hills Have Eyes (1977 film)">The Hills Have Eyes</a></td> <td>1977</td> <td>United States</td> <td>Vanguard </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Hitcher_(1986_film)" title="The Hitcher (1986 film)">The Hitcher</a></td> <td>1986 </td> <td>United States</td> <td><a href="/wiki/TriStar_Pictures" title="TriStar Pictures">TriStar Pictures</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hitch-Hike_(film)" title="Hitch-Hike (film)">Hitch-Hike</a></td> <td>1977 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Huckleberry_Finn_(1931_film)" title="Huckleberry Finn (1931 film)">Huckleberry Finn</a></td> <td>1931 </td> <td>United States</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Paramount_Pictures" title="Paramount Pictures">Paramount Pictures</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Il_Sorpasso" title="Il Sorpasso">Il Sorpasso</a></td> <td>1962</td> <td>Italy </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/In_America_(film)" title="In America (film)">In America</a></td> <td>2002</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a>, United Kingdom, United States</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fox_Searchlight_Pictures" class="mw-redirect" title="Fox Searchlight Pictures">Fox Searchlight Pictures</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Interstate_60_(film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Interstate 60 (film)">Interstate 60</a></td> <td>2002</td> <td>United States, Canada</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Goldwyn_Films" title="Samuel Goldwyn Films">Samuel Goldwyn Films</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Into_the_Night_(1985_film)" title="Into the Night (1985 film)">Into the Night</a></td> <td>1985</td> <td rowspan="3">United States</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Universal_Pictures" title="Universal Pictures">Universal Pictures</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/It_Happened_One_Night" title="It Happened One Night">It Happened One Night</a></td> <td>1934</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Columbia_Pictures" title="Columbia Pictures">Columbia Pictures</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/It%27s_a_Mad,_Mad,_Mad,_Mad_World" title="It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World">It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World</a></td> <td>1963</td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_Artists" title="United Artists">United Artists</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kanni_Thaai" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanni Thaai">Kanni Thaai</a></td> <td>1965</td> <td>India</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Karachi_se_Lahore" class="mw-redirect" title="Karachi se Lahore">Karachi se Lahore</a></td> <td>2015</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=IMGC_Global_Entertainment&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IMGC Global Entertainment (page does not exist)">IMGC Global Entertainment</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kingpin_(1996_film)" title="Kingpin (1996 film)">Kingpin</a></td> <td>1996</td> <td>United States</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer" title="Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer">Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kings_of_the_Road" title="Kings of the Road">Kings of the Road</a></td> <td>1976</td> <td><a href="/wiki/West_Germany" title="West Germany">West Germany</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Axiom_Films" title="Axiom Films">Axiom Films</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Knockin%27_on_Heaven%27s_Door_(1997_film)" title="Knockin' on Heaven's Door (1997 film)">Knockin' on Heaven's Door</a></td> <td>1997</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Buena_Vista_International" class="mw-redirect" title="Buena Vista International">Buena Vista International</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kodachrome_(film)" title="Kodachrome (film)">Kodachrome</a></td> <td>2017</td> <td>United States</td> <td>Netflix </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kshana_Kshanam" title="Kshana Kshanam">Kshana Kshanam</a></td> <td>1991</td> <td>India</td> <td>Durga Arts </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lahore_Se_Aagey" title="Lahore Se Aagey">Lahore Se Aagey</a></td> <td>2016</td> <td>Pakistan</td> <td><a href="/wiki/ARY_Films" title="ARY Films">ARY Films</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Last_Detail" title="The Last Detail">The Last Detail</a></td> <td>1973</td> <td>United States</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Columbia_Pictures" title="Columbia Pictures">Columbia Pictures</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Leningrad_Cowboys_Go_America" title="Leningrad Cowboys Go America">Leningrad Cowboys Go America</a></td> <td>1989</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Finnkino" title="Finnkino">Finnkino</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Little_Bear_Movie" title="The Little Bear Movie">The Little Bear Movie</a></td> <td>2001</td> <td>Canada, United States</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Paramount_Home_Video" class="mw-redirect" title="Paramount Home Video">Paramount Home Video</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Little_Miss_Sunshine" title="Little Miss Sunshine">Little Miss Sunshine</a></td> <td>2006</td> <td rowspan="2">United States</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fox_Searchlight_Pictures" class="mw-redirect" title="Fox Searchlight Pictures">Fox Searchlight Pictures</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Living_End_(film)" title="The Living End (film)">The Living End</a><a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a></td> <td>1992</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cineplex_Odeon_Films" title="Cineplex Odeon Films">Cineplex Odeon Films</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Logan_(film)" title="Logan (film)">Logan</a> </td> <td>2017 </td> <td>United States </td> <td><a href="/wiki/20th_century_Fox" class="mw-redirect" title="20th century Fox">20th Century Fox</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Loev" title="Loev">Loev</a></td> <td rowspan="2">2015</td> <td>India</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Netflix" title="Netflix">Netflix</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Looney_Tunes:_Rabbits_Run" title="Looney Tunes: Rabbits Run">Looney Tunes: Rabbits Run</a></td> <td rowspan="2">United States</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Warner_Home_Video" class="mw-redirect" title="Warner Home Video">Warner Home Video</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lost_in_America" title="Lost in America">Lost in America</a></td> <td>1985</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros." title="Warner Bros.">Warner Bros.</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/M_Cream" title="M Cream">M Cream</a></td> <td>2014</td> <td>India</td> <td>All Rights Entertainment </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mad_Max" title="Mad Max">Mad Max</a></td> <td>1979</td> <td rowspan="2">Australia</td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros." title="Warner Bros.">Warner Bros.</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mad_Max_2" title="Mad Max 2">Mad Max 2</a></td> <td>1981 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mad_Max:_Fury_Road" title="Mad Max: Fury Road">Mad Max: Fury Road</a></td> <td>2015</td> <td>Australia, United States </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Made_in_U.S.A._(1987_film)" title="Made in U.S.A. (1987 film)">Made In U.S.A.</a></td> <td>1985</td> <td>United States</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tri-Star_Pictures" class="mw-redirect" title="Tri-Star Pictures">Tri-Star Pictures</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Madeline:_Lost_in_Paris" title="Madeline: Lost in Paris">Madeline: Lost in Paris</a></td> <td>1999</td> <td rowspan="7">United States</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Walt_Disney_Home_Video" class="mw-redirect" title="Walt Disney Home Video">Walt Disney Home Video</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Magic_Trip_(2011_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Magic Trip (2011 film)">Magic Trip</a></td> <td>2011</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Magnolia_Pictures" title="Magnolia Pictures">Magnolia Pictures</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Midnight_Run_(film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Midnight Run (film)">Midnight Run</a></td> <td>1988</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Universal_Pictures" title="Universal Pictures">Universal Pictures</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Midnight_Special_(film)" title="Midnight Special (film)">Midnight Special</a></td> <td>2016</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros._Pictures" title="Warner Bros. Pictures">Warner Bros. Pictures</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Mitchells_vs._the_Machines" title="The Mitchells vs. the Machines">The Mitchells vs. the Machines</a></td> <td>2021</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Netflix" title="Netflix">Netflix</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Moana_(2016_film)" title="Moana (2016 film)">Moana</a></td> <td>2016</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Walt_Disney_Animation_Studios" title="Walt Disney Animation Studios">Walt Disney Animation Studios</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Motorama_(film)" title="Motorama (film)">Motorama</a></td> <td>1991</td> <td>Two Moon Releasing </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Motorcycle_Diaries_(film)" title="The Motorcycle Diaries (film)">The Motorcycle Diaries</a></td> <td>2004</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a>, United States, <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>, United Kingdom, Germany, France</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Buena_Vista_International" class="mw-redirect" title="Buena Vista International">Buena Vista International</a> (ARG) <a href="/wiki/Path%C3%A9" title="Pathé">Pathé</a> (UK) <a href="/wiki/Focus_Features" title="Focus Features">Focus Features</a> (USA) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mourning (aka Soog or Soug, سوگ)</td> <td>2011</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Muppet_Movie" title="The Muppet Movie">The Muppet Movie</a></td> <td>1979</td> <td>United States, United Kingdom</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Associated_Film_Distribution" title="Associated Film Distribution">Associated Film Distribution</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/My_Own_Private_Idaho" title="My Own Private Idaho">My Own Private Idaho</a></td> <td>1991</td> <td rowspan="5">United States</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fine_Line_Features" title="Fine Line Features">Fine Line Features</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Lampoon%27s_European_Vacation" title="National Lampoon's European Vacation">National Lampoon's European Vacation</a></td> <td>1985</td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros." title="Warner Bros.">Warner Bros.</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Lampoon%27s_Vacation" title="National Lampoon's Vacation">National Lampoon's Vacation</a></td> <td>1983 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Natural_Born_Killers" title="Natural Born Killers">Natural Born Killers</a></td> <td>1994 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nebraska_(film)" title="Nebraska (film)">Nebraska</a></td> <td>2013</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Paramount_Vantage" title="Paramount Vantage">Paramount Vantage</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Neelakasham_Pachakadal_Chuvanna_Bhoomi" title="Neelakasham Pachakadal Chuvanna Bhoomi">Neelakasham Pachakadal Chuvanna Bhoomi</a></td> <td>2013</td> <td>India</td> <td>E4 Entertainment & PJ Entertainments Europe </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/O_Brother,_Where_Art_Thou%3F" title="O Brother, Where Art Thou?">O Brother, Where Art Thou?</a></td> <td>2000</td> <td>United States, United Kingdom, France</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Buena_Vista_Pictures_Distribution" class="mw-redirect" title="Buena Vista Pictures Distribution">Buena Vista Pictures Distribution</a> (North America) <a href="/wiki/Universal_Pictures" title="Universal Pictures">Universal Pictures</a> (International) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Old_Joy" title="Old Joy">Old Joy</a> </td> <td>2006</td> <td>United States</td> <td>Film Science </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Olave_Mandara" title="Olave Mandara">Olave Mandara</a> </td> <td>2011</td> <td>India</td> <td>Alliance Picturesv. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/On_the_Road_(2012_film)" title="On the Road (2012 film)">On the Road</a></td> <td>2012</td> <td>United States, United Kingdom, France, Brazil, Canada</td> <td><a href="/wiki/IFC_Films" title="IFC Films">IFC Films</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Onward_(film)" title="Onward (film)">Onward</a></td> <td>2020</td> <td rowspan="3">United States</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pixar" title="Pixar">Pixar Animation Studios</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Paper_Moon_(film)" title="Paper Moon (film)">Paper Moon</a></td> <td>1973</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Paramount_Pictures" title="Paramount Pictures">Paramount Pictures</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Paper_Towns_(film)" title="Paper Towns (film)">Paper Towns</a></td> <td>2015</td> <td><a href="/wiki/20th_Century_Fox" class="mw-redirect" title="20th Century Fox">20th Century Fox</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Parade_(film)" title="The Parade (film)">The Parade</a></td> <td>2011</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Filmstar" class="mw-redirect" title="Filmstar">Filmstar</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Paris,_Texas_(film)" title="Paris, Texas (film)">Paris, Texas</a></td> <td>1984</td> <td>West Germany, France</td> <td><a href="/wiki/20th_Century_Fox" class="mw-redirect" title="20th Century Fox">20th Century Fox</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Paul_(2011_film)" title="Paul (2011 film)">Paul</a></td> <td>2011</td> <td rowspan="3">United States</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Universal_Pictures" title="Universal Pictures">Universal Pictures</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pee-wee%27s_Big_Adventure" title="Pee-wee's Big Adventure">Pee-wee's Big Adventure</a></td> <td>1985</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros." title="Warner Bros.">Warner Bros.</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pee-wee%27s_Big_Holiday" title="Pee-wee's Big Holiday">Pee-wee's Big Holiday</a></td> <td>2016</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Netflix" title="Netflix">Netflix</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pierrot_le_Fou" title="Pierrot le Fou">Pierrot le Fou</a></td> <td>1965</td> <td>France</td> <td>Société Nouvelle de Cinématographie </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Piku" title="Piku">Piku</a></td> <td>2015</td> <td>India</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yash_Raj_Films" title="Yash Raj Films">Yash Raj Films</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Plan_B_(2021_film)" title="Plan B (2021 film)">Plan B</a></td> <td>2021</td> <td>United States</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hulu" title="Hulu">Hulu</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Planes,_Trains_and_Automobiles" title="Planes, Trains and Automobiles">Planes, Trains and Automobiles</a></td> <td>1987</td> <td rowspan="4">United States</td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Paramount_Pictures" title="Paramount Pictures">Paramount Pictures</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Professor_Beware" title="Professor Beware">Professor Beware</a></td> <td>1938 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Quiz_Lady" title="Quiz Lady">Quiz Lady</a></td> <td>2023</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hulu" title="Hulu">Hulu</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rain_Man" title="Rain Man">Rain Man</a></td> <td>1988</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer#MGM/UA_Communications" title="Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer">MGM/UA Communications Company</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Road,_Movie" title="Road, Movie">Road, Movie</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hindi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindi language">Hindi</a>: रोड, मूवी)</td> <td>2009</td> <td>India</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Madman_Entertainment" title="Madman Entertainment">Madman Entertainment</a> <a href="/wiki/Tribeca_Film" class="mw-redirect" title="Tribeca Film">Tribeca Film</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Road_to_Morocco" title="Road to Morocco">Road to Morocco</a></td> <td>1942</td> <td>United States</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Paramount_Pictures" title="Paramount Pictures">Paramount Pictures</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Road_to_Yesterday_(film)" title="Road to Yesterday (film)">Road to Yesterday</a></td> <td>2015</td> <td>Nigeria</td> <td>FilmOne Distribution </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Road_Trip_(2000_film)" title="Road Trip (2000 film)">Road Trip</a></td> <td>2000</td> <td rowspan="2">United States</td> <td><a href="/wiki/DreamWorks_Pictures" title="DreamWorks Pictures">DreamWorks Pictures</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Montecito_Picture_Company" title="The Montecito Picture Company">The Montecito Picture Company</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Road_Within" title="The Road Within">The Road Within</a></td> <td>2014</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Well_Go_USA_Entertainment" title="Well Go USA Entertainment">Well Go USA Entertainment</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rock-A-Doodle" class="mw-redirect" title="Rock-A-Doodle">Rock-A-Doodle</a></td> <td>1992</td> <td>United States, United Kingdom, Ireland</td> <td>The Samuel Goldwyn Company (USA) The Rank Organisation (UK) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Rover_(2014_film)" title="The Rover (2014 film)">The Rover</a></td> <td>2014</td> <td>Australia</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Village_Roadshow" title="Village Roadshow">Village Roadshow</a> <a href="/wiki/A24" title="A24">A24</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Rugrats_Movie" title="The Rugrats Movie">The Rugrats Movie</a></td> <td>1998</td> <td>United States</td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Paramount_Pictures" title="Paramount Pictures">Paramount Pictures</a> <a href="/wiki/Nickelodeon_Movies" title="Nickelodeon Movies">Nickelodeon Movies</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rugrats_in_Paris:_The_Movie" title="Rugrats in Paris: The Movie">Rugrats in Paris: The Movie</a></td> <td>2000</td> <td>United States, Germany </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/RV_(film)" title="RV (film)">RV</a></td> <td>2006</td> <td rowspan="3">United States</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Universal_Pictures" title="Universal Pictures">Universal Pictures</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Scarecrow_(1973_film)" title="Scarecrow (1973 film)">Scarecrow</a> </td> <td>1973 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros." title="Warner Bros.">Warner Bros.</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sideways" title="Sideways">Sideways</a></td> <td>2004</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fox_Searchlight_Pictures" class="mw-redirect" title="Fox Searchlight Pictures">Fox Searchlight Pictures</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Smoke_Signals_(film)" title="Smoke Signals (film)">Smoke Signals</a></td> <td>1998</td> <td>United States, Canada</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Miramax" title="Miramax">Miramax</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Smokey_and_the_Bandit" title="Smokey and the Bandit">Smokey and the Bandit</a></td> <td>1977</td> <td rowspan="3">United States</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Universal_Pictures" title="Universal Pictures">Universal Pictures</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Spongebob_SquarePants_Movie" class="mw-redirect" title="The Spongebob SquarePants Movie">The Spongebob SquarePants Movie</a></td> <td>2004</td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Paramount_Pictures" title="Paramount Pictures">Paramount Pictures</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/The_SpongeBob_Movie:_Sponge_on_the_Run" title="The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge on the Run">The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge on the Run</a></td> <td>2020 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Spike_Island_(film)" title="Spike Island (film)">Spike Island</a><a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a></td> <td>2012</td> <td>United Kingdom</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Revolver_Entertainment" title="Revolver Entertainment">Revolver Entertainment</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Stagecoach_(1939_film)" title="Stagecoach (1939 film)">Stagecoach</a></td> <td>1939</td> <td rowspan="2">United States</td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_Artists" title="United Artists">United Artists</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Stagecoach_(1966_film)" title="Stagecoach (1966 film)">Stagecoach</a></td> <td>1966</td> <td><a href="/wiki/20th_Century_Fox" class="mw-redirect" title="20th Century Fox">20th Century Fox</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Straight_Story" title="The Straight Story">The Straight Story</a></td> <td>1999</td> <td>United States, United Kingdom, France</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Buena_Vista_Pictures" class="mw-redirect" title="Buena Vista Pictures">Buena Vista Pictures</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Sugarland_Express" title="The Sugarland Express">The Sugarland Express</a></td> <td>1974</td> <td rowspan="3">United States</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Universal_Pictures" title="Universal Pictures">Universal Pictures</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Sunchaser" title="The Sunchaser">The Sunchaser</a></td> <td>1996</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros." title="Warner Bros.">Warner Bros.</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Sure_Thing" title="The Sure Thing">The Sure Thing</a></td> <td>1985</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Embassy_Pictures" title="Embassy Pictures">Embassy Pictures</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Taxi_Driver:_Oko_Ashewo" title="Taxi Driver: Oko Ashewo">Taxi Driver: Oko Ashewo</a></td> <td>2015</td> <td>Nigeria</td> <td>FilmOne Distributions </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Thelma_%26_Louise" title="Thelma & Louise">Thelma & Louise</a></td> <td>1991</td> <td>United States</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer" title="Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer">Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/These_Final_Hours" title="These Final Hours">These Final Hours</a></td> <td>2013</td> <td>Australia</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Roadshow_Films" class="mw-redirect" title="Roadshow Films">Roadshow Films</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Things_Are_Tough_All_Over" title="Things Are Tough All Over">Things Are Tough All Over</a></td> <td>1982</td> <td rowspan="10">United States</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Columbia_Pictures" title="Columbia Pictures">Columbia Pictures</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Three_for_the_Road_(1987_film)" title="Three for the Road (1987 film)">Three for the Road</a></td> <td>1987</td> <td>New Century-Vista </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/To_Grandmother%27s_House_We_Go" title="To Grandmother's House We Go">To Grandmother's House We Go</a></td> <td>1992</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros._Television" class="mw-redirect" title="Warner Bros. Television">Warner Bros. Television</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tommy_Boy" title="Tommy Boy">Tommy Boy</a></td> <td>1995</td> <td>Paramount Pictures </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Transamerica_(film)" title="Transamerica (film)">Transamerica</a> </td> <td>2005 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Weinstein_Company" title="The Weinstein Company">The Weinstein Company</a> <a href="/wiki/IFC_Films" title="IFC Films">IFC Films</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Two-Lane_Blacktop" title="Two-Lane Blacktop">Two-Lane Blacktop</a></td> <td>1971</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Universal_Pictures" title="Universal Pictures">Universal Pictures</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Uncle_Frank_(film)" title="Uncle Frank (film)">Uncle Frank</a></td> <td>2020</td> <td>Amazon Studios </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Uncle_Peckerhead" title="Uncle Peckerhead">Uncle Peckerhead</a> </td> <td>2020 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Epic_Pictures_Group" title="Epic Pictures Group">Epic Pictures Group</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Unknown_Country" title="The Unknown Country">The Unknown Country</a></td> <td>2022</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Music_Box_Films" title="Music Box Films">Music Box Films</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Unpregnant" title="Unpregnant">Unpregnant</a></td> <td>2020</td> <td><a href="/wiki/HBO_Max" class="mw-redirect" title="HBO Max">HBO Max</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Until_the_End_of_the_World" title="Until the End of the World">Until the End of the World</a></td> <td>1991</td> <td>Germany, France, Australia, United States</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros." title="Warner Bros.">Warner Bros.</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Vacation_(2015_film)" title="Vacation (2015 film)">Vacation</a></td> <td>2015</td> <td rowspan="5">United States</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Universal_Pictures" title="Universal Pictures">Universal Studios</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Vanishing_Point_(1971_film)" title="Vanishing Point (1971 film)">Vanishing Point</a></td> <td>1971</td> <td><a href="/wiki/20th_Century_Fox" class="mw-redirect" title="20th Century Fox">20th Century Fox</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/We%27re_the_Millers" title="We're the Millers">We're the Millers</a></td> <td>2013</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros._Pictures" title="Warner Bros. Pictures">Warner Bros. Pictures</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Wild_at_Heart_(1990_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wild at Heart (1990 film)">Wild at Heart</a></td> <td>1990</td> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Samuel_Goldwyn_Company" title="The Samuel Goldwyn Company">The Samuel Goldwyn Company</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Wild_Hogs" title="Wild Hogs">Wild Hogs</a></td> <td>2007</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Touchstone_Pictures" title="Touchstone Pictures">Touchstone Pictures</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Wild_Strawberries_(film)" title="Wild Strawberries (film)">Wild Strawberries</a></td> <td>1957</td> <td>Sweden</td> <td><a href="/wiki/AB_Svensk_Filmindustri" class="mw-redirect" title="AB Svensk Filmindustri">AB Svensk Filmindustri</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Wizard_of_Oz_(1939_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)">The Wizard of Oz</a></td> <td>1939</td> <td>United States</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer" title="Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer">Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Wolf_Creek_(film)" title="Wolf Creek (film)">Wolf Creek</a></td> <td>2005</td> <td>Australia</td> <td>Roadshow Entertainment </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Wristcutters:_A_Love_Story" title="Wristcutters: A Love Story">Wristcutters: A Love Story</a></td> <td>2006</td> <td>United States</td> <td>Autonomous Films </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Y_Tu_Mam%C3%A1_Tambi%C3%A9n" class="mw-redirect" title="Y Tu Mamá También">Y Tu Mamá También</a></td> <td>2001</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/20th_Century_Fox" class="mw-redirect" title="20th Century Fox">20th Century Fox</a> (Mexico) <a href="/wiki/IFC_Films" title="IFC Films">IFC Films</a> (North America) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Zindagi_Na_Milegi_Dobara" title="Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara">Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara</a></td> <td>2011</td> <td>India</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eros_International" title="Eros International">Eros International</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Road_movie&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Video-x-generic.svg/40px-Video-x-generic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Video-x-generic.svg/42px-Video-x-generic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Video-x-generic.svg/56px-Video-x-generic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Film" title="Portal:Film">Film portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monomyth" class="mw-redirect" title="Monomyth">Monomyth</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Road_movie&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-salles2007-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-salles2007_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-salles2007_1-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-salles2007_1-2">c</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSalles2007" class="citation news cs1">Salles, Walter (11 November 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2007/11/11/magazine/11roadtrip-t.html">"Notes for a Theory of the Road Movie"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. Retrieved 25 August 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Notes+for+a+Theory+of+the+Road+Movie&rft.date=2007-11-11&rft.aulast=Salles&rft.aufirst=Walter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2007%2F11%2F11%2Fmagazine%2F11roadtrip-t.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoad+movie" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDanesi2008" class="citation book cs1">Danesi, Marcel (2008). Dictionary of Media and Communications. M.E. Sharpe. p. 256. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7656-8098-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7656-8098-3"><bdi>978-0-7656-8098-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Media+and+Communications&rft.pages=256&rft.pub=M.E.+Sharpe&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-7656-8098-3&rft.aulast=Danesi&rft.aufirst=Marcel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoad+movie" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> Cohan, Steven and Hark, Ina Rae. "Introduction". The Road Movie Book. Eds. Cohan, Steven and Hark, Ina Rae. Routledge, 2002. p. 1 </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated6-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated6_4-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated6_4-1">b</a> Cohan, Steven and Hark, Ina Rae. "Introduction". The Road Movie Book. Eds. Cohan, Steven and Hark, Ina Rae. 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Retrieved 17 March 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Delightful+Deviance+of+Detroit+Rock+City&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcrookedmarquee.com%2Fthe-delightful-deviance-of-detroit-rock-city%2F%23google_vignette&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoad+movie" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFYoung" class="citation web cs1">Young, Deborah. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-reviews/heavy-trip-1114565/">"'Heavy Trip' ('Hevi Reissu'): Film Review"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_Reporter" class="mw-redirect" title="Hollywood Reporter">Hollywood Reporter</a>. Retrieved 17 March 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hollywood+Reporter&rft.atitle=%E2%80%98Heavy+Trip%E2%80%99+%28%E2%80%98Hevi+Reissu%E2%80%99%29%3A+Film+Review&rft.aulast=Young&rft.aufirst=Deborah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hollywoodreporter.com%2Fmovies%2Fmovie-reviews%2Fheavy-trip-1114565%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoad+movie" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFOrozco" class="citation web cs1">Orozco, Matthew. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.macabredaily.com/articles/heavier-trip-2024-is-a-raucous-sequel-that-will-have-you-headbanging-for-more-review">""HEAVIER TRIP" (2024) Is A Raucous Sequel That Will Have You Headbanging For More! (REVIEW)"</a>. Retrieved 17 March 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22HEAVIER+TRIP%22+%282024%29+Is+A+Raucous+Sequel+That+Will+Have+You+Headbanging+For+More%21+%28REVIEW%29&rft.aulast=Orozco&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.macabredaily.com%2Farticles%2Fheavier-trip-2024-is-a-raucous-sequel-that-will-have-you-headbanging-for-more-review&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoad+movie" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMaslin1992" class="citation news cs1">Maslin, Janet (April 3, 1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1992/04/03/movies/review-film-festival-the-living-end-footloose-frenzied-and-hiv-positive.html">"Review/Film Festival: The Living End; Footloose, Frenzied and H.I.V.-Positive"</a>. The New York Times.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Review%2FFilm+Festival%3A+The+Living+End%3B+Footloose%2C+Frenzied+and+H.I.V.-Positive&rft.date=1992-04-03&rft.aulast=Maslin&rft.aufirst=Janet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1992%2F04%2F03%2Fmovies%2Freview-film-festival-the-living-end-footloose-frenzied-and-hiv-positive.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoad+movie" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTaylor" class="citation web cs1">Taylor, Trey. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dazeddigital.com/artsandculture/article/16426/1/spike-island-style">"Spike Island style"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Dazed" title="Dazed">Dazed</a>. Retrieved 17 March 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dazed&rft.atitle=Spike+Island+style&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=Trey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dazeddigital.com%2Fartsandculture%2Farticle%2F16426%2F1%2Fspike-island-style&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoad+movie" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Road_movie&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li>Atkinson, Michael. "Crossing the frontiers." Sight & Sound vol IV number 1 (Jan 1994); p 14-17</li> <li>Dargis, Manohla. "Roads to freedom." (history and analysis of road movies ) Sight and Sound July 1991 vol 1 number 3 p. 14</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDyer2022" class="citation news cs1">Dyer, Geoff (10 July 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/film/2022/jul/10/buckle-up-for-a-new-generation-of-road-movies-geoff-dyer">"Full speed ahead: the enduring appeal of the road movie"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. Retrieved 12 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Full+speed+ahead%3A+the+enduring+appeal+of+the+road+movie&rft.date=2022-07-10&rft.aulast=Dyer&rft.aufirst=Geoff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ffilm%2F2022%2Fjul%2F10%2Fbuckle-up-for-a-new-generation-of-road-movies-geoff-dyer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoad+movie" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Ireland, Brian. "American Highways: Recurring Images and Themes of the Road Genre." The Journal of American Culture 26:4 (December 2003) p. 474-484</li> <li>Laderman, David. Driving visions : exploring the road movie. Austin : University of Texas Press, 2002.</li> <li>Lang, Robert. "My own private Idaho and the new new queer road movies." New York : Columbia University Press, c2002.</li> <li>Mazierska, Ewa and Rascaroli, Laura. Crossing New Europe. Postmodern Travel and the European Road Movie. London, Wallflower, 2006.</li> <li>Morris, Christopher. "The Reflexivity of the Road Film." Film Criticism vol. 28 no. 1 (Fall 2003) p. 24-52</li> <li>Orgeron, Devin. Road movies : from Muybridge and Méliès to Lynch and Kiarostami. New York : Palgrave Macmillan, 2008.</li> <li>Lie, Nadia. (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.palgrave.com/de/book/9783319435534#reviews">The Latin American (Counter-) Road Movie and Ambivalent Modernity</a>. New York: Palgrave-Macmillan. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-319-43553-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-319-43553-4">978-3-319-43553-4</a> This book offers a critical survey of the Latin American road film genre through an analysis covering over 160 films.</li> <li>Luckman, Susan. "Road Movies, National Myths and the Threat of the Road: The Shifting Transformative Space of the Road in Australian Film." International Journal of the Humanities; 2010, Vol. 8 Issue 1, p. 113–125.</li> <li>Mills, Katie. "Road Film Rising: Hells Angels, Merry Pranksters, and Easy Rider." The road story and the rebel : moving through film, fiction, and television. Carbondale : Southern Illinois University Press, 2006.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCohanHark1997" class="citation book cs1">Cohan, Steven; Hark, Ina Rae, eds. (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iNiJAgAAQBAJ">The Road Movie Book</a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-14937-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-14937-2"><bdi>978-0-415-14937-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/36458232">36458232</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Road+Movie+Book&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1997&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F36458232&rft.isbn=978-0-415-14937-2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DiNiJAgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoad+movie" class="Z3988"> This book collects 16 essays on road movies.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Road_movie&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/MRC/roadmovies.html">Road Movie Filmography</a> at <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">University of California, Berkeley</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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comedy">Romantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_comedy" title="Sex comedy">Sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screwball_comedy" title="Screwball comedy">Screwball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silent_comedy" title="Silent comedy">Silent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slapstick_film" title="Slapstick film">Slapstick</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyberpunk" title="Cyberpunk">Cyberpunk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_cyberpunk" title="Japanese cyberpunk">Japanese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Documentary_film" title="Documentary film">Documentary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animated_documentary" title="Animated documentary">Animated</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_symphony" title="City symphony">City symphony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Docudrama" title="Docudrama">Docudrama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mockumentary" title="Mockumentary">Mockumentary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mondo_film" title="Mondo film">Mondo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudo-documentary" title="Pseudo-documentary">Pseudo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semidocumentary" title="Semidocumentary">Semi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travel_documentary" title="Travel documentary">Travel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_essay" title="Video essay">Video essay</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drama_(film_and_television)" title="Drama (film and television)">Drama</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calligrafismo" title="Calligrafismo">Calligrafismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_drama" title="Comedy drama">Dramedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_drama" title="Historical drama">Historical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_drama" title="Legal drama">Legal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_in_film" title="Sex in film">Erotic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commedia_sexy_all%27italiana" title="Commedia sexy all'italiana">Commedia sexy all'italiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pink_film" title="Pink film">Pink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexploitation_film" title="Sexploitation film">Sexploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erotic_thriller" title="Erotic thriller">Thriller</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Educational_film" title="Educational film">Educational</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_guidance_film" title="Social guidance film">Social guidance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epic_film" title="Epic film">Epic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sword-and-sandal" title="Sword-and-sandal">Sword-and-sandal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_film" title="Experimental film">Experimental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exploitation_film" title="Exploitation film">Exploitation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Exploitation_film" title="Template:Exploitation film">see Exploitation film template</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_film" title="Fantasy film">Fantasy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_comedy" title="Fantasy comedy">Comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_fantasy" title="Contemporary fantasy">Contemporary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantastique" title="Fantastique">Fantastique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_fantasy" title="High fantasy">High</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_fantasy" title="Historical fantasy">Historical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_realism" class="mw-redirect" title="Magic realism">Magic realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fantasy" title="Science fantasy">Science</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_noir" title="Film noir">Film noir</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neo-noir" title="Neo-noir">Neo-noir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulp_noir" title="Pulp noir">Pulp noir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tech_noir" title="Tech noir">Tech noir</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_film" title="Gothic film">Gothic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_romance_film" title="Gothic romance film">Romance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Gothic" title="Southern Gothic">Southern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_science_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Gothic science fiction">Space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suburban_Gothic" title="Suburban Gothic">Suburban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_Gothic" title="Urban Gothic">Urban</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horror_film" title="Horror film">Horror</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_horror" title="Art horror">Arthouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_body_horror_media" title="List of body horror media">Body</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannibal_film" title="Cannibal film">Cannibal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_horror_film" title="Chinese horror film">Chinese horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_horror" title="Christmas horror">Christmas horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_horror" title="Comedy horror">Comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_eco-horror_films" title="List of eco-horror films">Eco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantastique" title="Fantastique">Fantastique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Found_footage_(film_technique)" title="Found footage (film technique)">Found footage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_underground_horror" title="German underground horror">German underground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ghost_films" title="List of ghost films">Ghost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giallo" title="Giallo">Giallo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_giallo_films" title="List of giallo films">List of films</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_holiday_horror_films" title="List of holiday horror films">Holiday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_horror" title="Japanese horror">Japanese horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_horror" title="Korean horror">Korean horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lovecraftian_horror" title="Lovecraftian horror">Lovecraftian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melodrama_film" class="mw-redirect" title="Melodrama film">Melodrama</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Korean_melodrama" title="Korean melodrama">Korean</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_natural_horror_films" title="List of natural horror films">Natural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Extremity" class="mw-redirect" title="New Extremity">New French Extremity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_in_horror_films" title="Gender in horror films">Psycho-biddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychological_horror" title="Psychological horror">Psychological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_science_fiction_horror_films" title="List of science fiction horror films">Science fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slasher_film" title="Slasher film">Slasher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Splatter_film" title="Splatter film">Splatter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satanic_film" title="Satanic film">Satanic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximalist_film" title="Maximalist film">Maximalist film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minimalist_film" title="Minimalist film">Minimalist film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumblecore" title="Mumblecore">Mumblecore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musical_film" title="Musical film">Musical</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arthouse_musical" title="Arthouse musical">Arthouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Backstage_musical" title="Backstage musical">Backstage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jukebox_musical" title="Jukebox musical">Jukebox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musicarello" title="Musicarello">Musicarello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operetta_film" title="Operetta film">Operetta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sceneggiata" title="Sceneggiata">Sceneggiata</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mystery_film" title="Mystery film">Mystery</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Detective_fiction" title="Detective fiction">Detective</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Occult_detective_fiction" title="Occult detective fiction">Occult detective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whodunit" title="Whodunit">Whodunit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giallo" title="Giallo">Giallo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crossover_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Crossover fiction">Crossover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pornographic_film" title="Pornographic film">Pornographic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hardcore_pornography" title="Hardcore pornography">Hardcore pornography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Softcore_pornography" title="Softcore pornography">Softcore pornography</a></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Malayalam_softcore_pornography" title="Malayalam softcore pornography">Malayalam</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_film" title="Propaganda film">Propaganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reality_film" title="Reality film">Reality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romance_film" title="Romance film">Romantic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_comedy" title="Romantic comedy">Comedy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bromantic_comedy" title="Bromantic comedy">Bromantic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_fantasy" title="Romantic fantasy">Fantasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_romance_film" title="Gothic romance film">Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paranormal_romance" title="Paranormal romance">Paranormal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_thriller" title="Romantic thriller">Thriller</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_film" title="Science fiction film">Science fiction</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arthouse_science_fiction_film" title="Arthouse science fiction film">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_comedy" title="Science fiction comedy">Comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantastique" title="Fantastique">Fantastique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fantasy" title="Science fantasy">Fantasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_science_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Gothic science fiction">Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_science_fiction_horror_films" title="List of science fiction horror films">Horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_science_fiction" title="Military science fiction">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Wave_science_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="New Wave science fiction">New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_opera" title="Space opera">Space opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steampunk" title="Steampunk">Steampunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokusatsu" title="Tokusatsu">Tokusatsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Western" title="Space Western">Western</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slice_of_life" title="Slice of life">Slice of life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slow_cinema" title="Slow cinema">Slow cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Survival_film" title="Survival film">Survival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thriller_film" title="Thriller film">Thriller</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_thriller" title="Comedy thriller">Comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erotic_thriller" title="Erotic thriller">Erotic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_thriller" title="Financial thriller">Financial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giallo" title="Giallo">Giallo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_thriller" title="Legal thriller">Legal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Extremity" class="mw-redirect" title="New Extremity">New French Extremity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_thriller" title="Political thriller">Political</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychological_thriller" title="Psychological thriller">Psychological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_thriller" title="Romantic thriller">Romantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Techno-thriller" title="Techno-thriller">Techno</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgressive_art" title="Transgressive art">Transgressive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Transgression" title="Cinema of Transgression">Cinema of Transgression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extreme_cinema" title="Extreme cinema">Extreme cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Extremity" class="mw-redirect" title="New Extremity">New French Extremity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trick_film" title="Trick film">Trick</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By theme</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_about_animals" title="List of films about animals">Animals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beach_party_film" title="Beach party film">Beach party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Body_swap" title="Body swap">Body swap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddy_film" title="Buddy film">Buddy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddy_cop" title="Buddy cop">Buddy cop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Female_buddy_film" title="Female buddy film">Female</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannibal_film" title="Cannibal film">Cannibal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chicano_films" title="List of Chicano films">Chicano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonial_cinema" title="Colonial cinema">Colonial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coming-of-age_story" title="Coming-of-age story">Coming-of-age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concert_film" title="Concert film">Concert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_film" title="Crime film">Crime</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Detective_fiction" title="Detective fiction">Detective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gangster_film" title="Gangster film">Gangster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gentleman_thief" title="Gentleman thief">Gentleman thief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gokud%C5%8D" title="Gokudō">Gokudō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gong%27an_fiction" title="Gong'an fiction">Gong'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heist_film" title="Heist film">Heist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heroic_bloodshed" title="Heroic bloodshed">Heroic bloodshed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hood_film" title="Hood film">Hood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mafia_film" title="Mafia film">Mafia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mafia_comedy_film" title="Mafia comedy film">Mafia comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumbai_underworld_film" class="mw-redirect" title="Mumbai underworld film">Mumbai underworld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poliziotteschi" title="Poliziotteschi">Poliziotteschi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakuza_film" title="Yakuza film">Yakuza</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_film" title="Dance in film">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disaster_film" title="Disaster film">Disaster</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_apocalyptic_films" title="List of apocalyptic films">Apocalyptic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_drug_films" title="List of drug films">Drug</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Psychedelic_film" title="Psychedelic film">Psychedelic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoner_film" title="Stoner film">Stoner</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_dystopian_films" title="List of dystopian films">Dystopian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecchi" title="Ecchi">Ecchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnographic_film" title="Ethnographic film">Ethnographic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exploitation_film" title="Exploitation film">Exploitation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blaxploitation" title="Blaxploitation">Blaxploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexploitation" title="Mexploitation">Mexploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turksploitation" title="Turksploitation">Turksploitation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_featuring_extraterrestrials" title="List of films featuring extraterrestrials">Extraterrestrial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_about_food_and_drink" title="List of films about food and drink">Food and drink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gendai-geki" title="Gendai-geki">Gendai-geki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ghost_films" title="List of ghost films">Ghost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goona-goona_epic" title="Goona-goona epic">Goona-goona epic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_film" title="Gothic film">Gothic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_romance_film" title="Gothic romance film">Romance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_science_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Gothic science fiction">Space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suburban_Gothic" title="Suburban Gothic">Suburban</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girls_with_guns" title="Girls with guns">Girls with guns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harem_(genre)" title="Harem (genre)">Harem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hentai" title="Hentai">Hentai</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lolicon" title="Lolicon">Lolicon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shotacon" title="Shotacon">Shotacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tentacle_erotica" title="Tentacle erotica">Tentacle erotica</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heimatfilm" title="Heimatfilm">Homeland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isekai" title="Isekai">Isekai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jidaigeki" title="Jidaigeki">Jidaigeki</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samurai_cinema" title="Samurai cinema">Samurai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gentleman_thief" title="Gentleman thief">Kaitō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_LGBTQ-related_films" title="List of LGBTQ-related films">LGBTQ</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yaoi" class="mw-redirect" title="Yaoi">Yaoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuri_(genre)" title="Yuri (genre)">Yuri</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luchador_films" title="Luchador films">Luchador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magical_girl" title="Magical girl">Magical girl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martial_arts_film" title="Martial arts film">Martial arts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bruceploitation" title="Bruceploitation">Bruceploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chopsocky" title="Chopsocky">Chopsocky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_fu" title="Gun fu">Gun fu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kung_fu_film" title="Kung fu film">Kung fu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ninja_films" title="List of ninja films">Ninja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuxia" title="Wuxia">Wuxia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mecha" title="Mecha">Mecha</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mecha_anime_and_manga" title="Mecha anime and manga">Anime</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monster_movie" title="Monster movie">Monster</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_featuring_giant_monsters" title="List of films featuring giant monsters">Giant monster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaiju" title="Kaiju">Kaiju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mummy_films" title="List of mummy films">Mummy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vampire_film" title="Vampire film">Vampire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_zombie_films" title="List of zombie films">Zombie</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zombie_comedy" title="Zombie comedy">Zombie comedy</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_film" title="Mountain film">Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_da_Boca_do_Lixo" title="Cinema da Boca do Lixo">Mouth of Garbage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_social" title="Muslim social">Muslim social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nature_documentary" title="Nature documentary">Nature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_environmental_films" title="List of environmental films">Environmental issues</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opera_film" title="Opera film">Opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outlaw_biker_film" title="Outlaw biker film">Outlaw biker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ozploitation" title="Ozploitation">Ozploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partisan_film" title="Partisan film">Partisan film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prison_film" title="Prison film">Prison</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_prison_film" class="mw-redirect" title="Women in prison film">Women</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Race_film" title="Race film">Race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rape_and_revenge_film" class="mw-redirect" title="Rape and revenge film">Rape and revenge</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%BCmmerfilm" title="Trümmerfilm">Rubble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumberas_film" title="Rumberas film">Rumberas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexploitation_film" title="Sexploitation film">Sexploitation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bavarian_porn" title="Bavarian porn">Bavarian porn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commedia_sexy_all%27italiana" title="Commedia sexy all'italiana">Commedia sexy all'italiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_sex_comedy" title="Mexican sex comedy">Mexican sex comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_exploitation" title="Nazi exploitation">Nazi exploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pornochanchada" title="Pornochanchada">Pornochanchada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nunsploitation" title="Nunsploitation">Nunsploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_report_film" title="Sex report film">Sex report</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoshimin-eiga" title="Shoshimin-eiga">Shoshimin-eiga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_featuring_slavery" title="List of films featuring slavery">Slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slice_of_life" title="Slice of life">Slice of life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snuff_film" title="Snuff film">Snuff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Seas_genre" title="South Seas genre">South Seas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_film" title="Sports film">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spy_film" title="Spy film">Spy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eurospy_film" title="Eurospy film">Eurospy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superhero_film" title="Superhero film">Superhero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surf_film" title="Surf film">Surfing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swashbuckler_film" title="Swashbuckler film">Swashbuckler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sword-and-sandal" title="Sword-and-sandal">Sword-and-sandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sword_and_sorcery" title="Sword and sorcery">Sword and sorcery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travel_documentary" title="Travel documentary">Travel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Imaginary_voyage" title="Imaginary voyage">imaginary voyage</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trial_film" title="Trial film">Trial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vigilante_film" title="Vigilante film">Vigilante</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_film" title="War film">War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_anti-war_films" class="mw-redirect" title="List of anti-war films">Anti-war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euro_War" title="Euro War">Euro War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submarine_films" title="Submarine films">Submarine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_film" title="Western film">Western</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acid_Western" title="Acid Western">Acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_Western" title="Contemporary Western">Contemporary Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dacoit_Western" class="mw-redirect" title="Dacoit Western">Dacoit Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_Western" class="mw-redirect" title="Fantasy Western">Fantasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_Western" title="Florida Western">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horror_Western" title="Horror Western">Horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Western" title="Australian Western">Meat pie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_(genre)" title="Northern (genre)">Northern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostern" title="Ostern">Ostern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revisionist_Western" title="Revisionist Western">Revisionist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_Western" title="Science fiction Western">Science fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singing_cowboy" title="Singing cowboy">Singing cowboy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Western" title="Space Western">Space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spaghetti_Western" title="Spaghetti Western">Spaghetti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weird_West" title="Weird West">Weird Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zapata_Western" class="mw-redirect" title="Zapata Western">Zapata Western</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By movement or period</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Absolute_film" class="mw-redirect" title="Absolute film">Absolute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_eccentric_cinema" title="American eccentric cinema">American eccentric cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_New_Wave" title="Australian New Wave">Australian New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auteur" title="Auteur">Auteur films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berlin_School_(filmmaking)" title="Berlin School (filmmaking)">Berlin School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourekas_film" title="Bourekas film">Bourekas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_School_(filmmaking)" title="Brighton School (filmmaking)">Brighton School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_New_Wave" title="British New Wave">British New Wave</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kitchen_sink_realism" title="Kitchen sink realism">Kitchen sink realism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budapest_school" title="Budapest school">Budapest school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calligrafismo" title="Calligrafismo">Calligrafismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannibal_film" title="Cannibal film">Cannibal boom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cin%C3%A9ma_du_look" title="Cinéma du look">Cinéma du look</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_Novo" title="Cinema Novo">Cinema Novo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Transgression" title="Cinema of Transgression">Cinema of Transgression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cin%C3%A9ma_pur" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinéma pur">Cinéma pur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commedia_all%27italiana" title="Commedia all'italiana">Commedia all'italiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czechoslovak_New_Wave" title="Czechoslovak New Wave">Czechoslovak New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Documentary_Film_Movement" title="Documentary Film Movement">Documentary Film Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogme_95" title="Dogme 95">Dogme 95</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erra_Cinema" class="mw-redirect" title="Erra Cinema">Erra Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_art_cinema" title="European art cinema">European art cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_d%27art" title="Film d'art">Film d'art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_gris" title="Film gris">Film gris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Cinema" title="Free Cinema">Free Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_New_Wave" title="French New Wave">French New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_expressionist_cinema" title="German expressionist cinema">German Expressionist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_underground_horror" title="German underground horror">German underground horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Age_of_Nigerian_Cinema" title="Golden Age of Nigerian Cinema">Nigerian Golden Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grupo_Cine_Liberaci%C3%B3n" title="Grupo Cine Liberación">Grupo Cine Liberación</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heimatfilm" title="Heimatfilm">Heimatfilm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hollywood_on_the_Tiber" title="Hollywood on the Tiber">Hollywood on the Tiber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_New_Wave" title="Hong Kong New Wave">Hong Kong New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiewood" title="Indiewood">Indiewood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_New_Wave" title="Iranian New Wave">Iranian New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_futurism_in_cinema" title="Italian futurism in cinema">Italian futurist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_neorealism" title="Italian neorealism">Italian neorealist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_New_Wave" title="Japanese New Wave">Japanese New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kammerspielfilm" title="Kammerspielfilm">Kammerspielfilm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L.A._Rebellion" title="L.A. Rebellion">L.A. Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lettrism" title="Lettrism">Lettrist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modernist_film" title="Modernist film">Modernist film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumblecore" title="Mumblecore">Mumblecore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neorealism_(art)" title="Neorealism (art)">Neorealist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Extremity" class="mw-redirect" title="New Extremity">New French Extremity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_German_Cinema" title="New German Cinema">New German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_generation_(Malayalam_film_movement)" title="New generation (Malayalam film movement)">New generation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hollywood" title="New Hollywood">New Hollywood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Nigerian_Cinema" title="New Nigerian Cinema">New Nollywood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Objectivity_(filmmaking)" title="New Objectivity (filmmaking)">New Objectivity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_queer_cinema" title="New queer cinema">New Queer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No_Wave_Cinema" class="mw-redirect" title="No Wave Cinema">No wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuevo_Cine_Mexicano" title="Nuevo Cine Mexicano">Nuevo Cine Mexicano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Indian_film" title="Pan-Indian film">Pan-Indian film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parallel_cinema" title="Parallel cinema">Parallel cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filmfarsi" title="Filmfarsi">Persian Film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poetic_realism" title="Poetic realism">Poetic realist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Film_School" title="Polish Film School">Polish Film School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poliziotteschi" title="Poliziotteschi">Poliziotteschi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Prague_film_school" title="The Prague film school">The Prague film school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prussian_film" title="Prussian film">Prussian film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pure_Film_Movement" title="Pure Film Movement">Pure Film Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remodernist_film" title="Remodernist film">Remodernist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_New_Wave" title="Romanian New Wave">Romanian New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slow_cinema" title="Slow cinema">Slow cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spaghetti_Western" title="Spaghetti Western">Spaghetti Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_realism" title="Socialist realism">Socialist realist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_realism" title="Social realism">Social realist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kitchen_sink_realism" title="Kitchen sink realism">Kitchen sink realism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_parallel_cinema" title="Soviet parallel cinema">Soviet parallel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structural_film" title="Structural film">Structural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surrealist_cinema" title="Surrealist cinema">Surrealist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sword-and-sandal" title="Sword-and-sandal">Sword-and-sandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telefoni_Bianchi" title="Telefoni Bianchi">Telefoni Bianchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Cinema" title="Third Cinema">Third Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_New_Wave" title="Toronto New Wave">Toronto New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulgar_auteurism" title="Vulgar auteurism">Vulgar auteurism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Black_Wave" title="Yugoslav Black Wave">Yugoslav Black Wave</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By demographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pornographic_film" title="Pornographic film">Adult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_film" title="Black film">Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Children%27s_film" title="Children's film">Children and family</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Children%27s_anime_and_manga" title="Children's anime and manga">Anime</a></li></ul></li> <li>Men <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seinen_manga" title="Seinen manga">Seinen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stag_film" title="Stag film">Stag</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teen_film" title="Teen film">Teen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dnen_manga" title="Shōnen manga">Shōnen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Djo_manga" title="Shōjo manga">Shōjo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woman%27s_film" title="Woman's film">Women</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chick_flick" title="Chick flick">Chick flick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josei_manga" title="Josei manga">Josei</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By format, technique, approach, or production</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3D_film" title="3D film">3D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Actuality_film" title="Actuality film">Actuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animation" title="Animation">Animation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anime" title="Anime">Anime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthouse_animation" title="Arthouse animation">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animated_cartoon" class="mw-redirect" title="Animated cartoon">Cartoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_animation" title="Computer animation">Computer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stop_motion" title="Stop motion">Stop-motion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_animation" title="Traditional animation">Traditional</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthology_film" title="Anthology film">Anthology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_film" title="Art film">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B_movie" title="B movie">B movie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Behind-the-scenes" title="Behind-the-scenes">Behind-the-scenes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black-and-white" title="Black-and-white">Black-and-white</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blockbuster_(entertainment)" title="Blockbuster (entertainment)">Blockbuster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cin%C3%A9ma_v%C3%A9rit%C3%A9" title="Cinéma vérité">Cinéma vérité</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_Hollywood_cinema" title="Classical Hollywood cinema">Classical Hollywood cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collage_film" title="Collage film">Collage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_motion_picture_film" title="Color motion picture film">Color</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compilation_film" title="Compilation film">Compilation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Composite_film" title="Composite film">Composite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screenlife" title="Screenlife">Computer screen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cult_film" title="Cult film">Cult</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Midnight_movie" title="Midnight movie">midnight movie</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Database_cinema" title="Database cinema">Database cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Docufiction" title="Docufiction">Docufiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnofiction" title="Ethnofiction">Ethnofiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_film" title="Experimental film">Experimental</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abstract_animation" class="mw-redirect" title="Abstract animation">Abstract</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feature_film" title="Feature film">Feature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Featurette" title="Featurette">Featurette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_%C3%A0_clef" title="Film à clef">Film à clef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film-poem" title="Film-poem">Film-poem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Found_footage_(film_technique)" title="Found footage (film technique)">Found footage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperlink_cinema" title="Hyperlink cinema">Hyperlink cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_film" title="Independent film">Independent</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_filmmaking" title="Guerrilla filmmaking">Guerrilla filmmaking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_American_independent_films" title="List of American independent films">List of American independent films</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstitial_art" title="Interstitial art">Interstitial art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Live_action" title="Live action">Live action</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_with_live_action_and_animation" title="List of films with live action and animation">animation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low-budget_film" title="Low-budget film">Low-budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_film_studios" title="Major film studios">Major film studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masala_film" title="Masala film">Masala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximalist_film" title="Maximalist film">Maximalist film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Message_picture" title="Message picture">Message picture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metacinema" title="Metacinema">Meta-film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minimalist_film" title="Minimalist film">Minimalist film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mockbuster" title="Mockbuster">Mockbuster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modernist_film" title="Modernist film">Modernist film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musical_short" title="Musical short">Musical short</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mythopoeia" title="Mythopoeia">Mythopoeia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neorealism_(art)" title="Neorealism (art)">Neorealist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No-budget_film" title="No-budget film">No-budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One-shot_film" title="One-shot film">One-shot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paracinema" title="Paracinema">Paracinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Participatory_cinema" title="Participatory cinema">Participatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poetry_film" title="Poetry film">Poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postmodernist_film" title="Postmodernist film">Postmodernist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reverse_motion" title="Reverse motion">Reverse motion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satire_(film_and_television)" title="Satire (film and television)">Satire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sceneggiata" title="Sceneggiata">Sceneggiata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semidocumentary" title="Semidocumentary">Semidocumentary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serial_film" title="Serial film">Serial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shinpa" title="Shinpa">Shinpa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_film" title="Short film">Short</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silent_film" title="Silent film">Silent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slow_cinema" title="Slow cinema">Slow cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_realism" title="Socialist realism">Socialist realist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound_film" title="Sound film">Sound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underground_film" title="Underground film">Underground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_nasty" title="Video nasty">Video nasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulgar_auteurism" title="Vulgar auteurism">Vulgar auteurism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z_movie" title="Z movie">Z movie</a></li></ul> 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