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Laureados com o Nobel – Wikipédia, a enciclopédia livre

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id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Conteúdo" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Alternar o índice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Alternar o índice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Laureados com o Nobel</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ir para um artigo noutra língua. Disponível em 58 línguas" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-58" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">58 línguas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B2%D8%A9_%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84" title="قائمة الحاصلين على جائزة نوبل — árabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قائمة الحاصلين على جائزة نوبل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="árabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llista_de_ganadores_del_Premiu_Nobel" title="Llista de ganadores del Premiu Nobel — asturiano" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Llista de ganadores del Premiu Nobel" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az badge-Q17506997 badge-featuredlist mw-list-item" title="lista destacada"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_m%C3%BCkafat%C4%B1_laureatlar%C4%B1n%C4%B1n_siyah%C4%B1s%C4%B1" title="Nobel mükafatı laureatlarının siyahısı — azerbaijano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Nobel mükafatı laureatlarının siyahısı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaijano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%BA_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5_%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Списък на нобеловите лауреати — búlgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Списък на нобеловите лауреати" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE" title="নোবেল পুরস্কারপ্রাপ্তদের তালিকা — bengalês" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="নোবেল পুরস্কারপ্রাপ্তদের তালিকা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artigo destacado"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llista_de_guardonats_amb_el_Premi_Nobel" title="Llista de guardonats amb el Premi Nobel — catalão" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Llista de guardonats amb el Premi Nobel" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8E%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D9%88%DB%95%D8%B1%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%AE%DB%95%DA%B5%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D9%86%DB%86%D8%A8%DB%8E%D9%84" title="پێرستی وەرگرانی خەڵاتی نۆبێل — curdo central" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="پێرستی وەرگرانی خەڵاتی نۆبێل" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="curdo central" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seznam_nositel%C5%AF_Nobelovy_ceny" title="Seznam nositelů Nobelovy ceny — checo" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Seznam nositelů Nobelovy ceny" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="checo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modtagere_af_Nobelprisen" title="Modtagere af Nobelprisen — dinamarquês" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Modtagere af Nobelprisen" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dinamarquês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_der_Nobelpreistr%C3%A4ger" title="Liste der Nobelpreisträger — alemão" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Liste der Nobelpreisträger" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80" title="नोबेल पुरस्कार विजेताहरूको सूची — Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="नोबेल पुरस्कार विजेताहरूको सूची" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17506997 badge-featuredlist mw-list-item" title="lista destacada"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Nobel_laureates" title="List of Nobel laureates — inglês" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="List of Nobel laureates" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anexo:Ganadores_del_Premio_Nobel" title="Anexo:Ganadores del Premio Nobel — espanhol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Anexo:Ganadores del Premio Nobel" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanhol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa badge-Q17506997 badge-featuredlist mw-list-item" title="lista destacada"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AC%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%87_%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84" title="فهرست برندگان جایزه نوبل — persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فهرست برندگان جایزه نوبل" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luettelo_Nobel-palkinnon_saajista" title="Luettelo Nobel-palkinnon saajista — finlandês" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Luettelo Nobel-palkinnon saajista" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_des_r%C3%A9cipiendaires_du_prix_Nobel" title="Liste des récipiendaires du prix Nobel — francês" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Liste des récipiendaires du prix Nobel" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lista_de_ga%C3%B1adores_dos_Premios_Nobel" title="Lista de gañadores dos Premios Nobel — galego" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lista de gañadores dos Premios Nobel" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galego" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%AC%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%B2_%E0%AA%AA%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%A4%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%B7%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%95_%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%A1%E0%AB%87_%E0%AA%B8%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%AE%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%80%E0%AA%A4_%E0%AA%AE%E0%AA%B9%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%81%E0%AA%AD%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B5%E0%AB%8B" title="નોબેલ પારિતોષિક વડે સન્માનીત મહાનુભાવો — guzerate" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="નોબેલ પારિતોષિક વડે સન્માનીત મહાનુભાવો" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="guzerate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%82_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80" title="नोबेल पुरस्कार विजेताओं की सूची — hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="नोबेल पुरस्कार विजेताओं की सूची" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel-d%C3%ADjasok_list%C3%A1ja" title="Nobel-díjasok listája — húngaro" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Nobel-díjasok listája" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="húngaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D5%B8%D5%A2%D5%A5%D5%AC%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%B4%D6%80%D6%81%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%AB%D6%80%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AB_%D6%81%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AF" title="Նոբելյան մրցանակակիրների ցանկ — arménio" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Նոբելյան մրցանակակիրների ցանկ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id badge-Q17506997 badge-featuredlist mw-list-item" title="lista destacada"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daftar_penerima_Nobel" title="Daftar penerima Nobel — indonésio" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Daftar penerima Nobel" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincitori_del_premio_Nobel" title="Vincitori del premio Nobel — italiano" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Vincitori del premio Nobel" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8E%E3%83%BC%E3%83%99%E3%83%AB%E8%B3%9E%E5%8F%97%E8%B3%9E%E8%80%85%E3%81%AE%E4%B8%80%E8%A6%A7" title="ノーベル賞受賞者の一覧 — japonês" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ノーベル賞受賞者の一覧" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhaptar_pamenang_bebungah_Nobel_miturut_bidang" title="Dhaptar pamenang bebungah Nobel miturut bidang — javanês" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Dhaptar pamenang bebungah Nobel miturut bidang" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ნობელის პრემიის ლაურეატები — georgiano" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ნობელის პრემიის ლაურეატები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%85%B8%EB%B2%A8%EC%83%81_%EC%88%98%EC%83%81%EC%9E%90_%EB%AA%A9%EB%A1%9D" title="노벨상 수상자 목록 — coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="노벨상 수상자 목록" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%AEsteya_xelatgir%C3%AAn_Nobel%C3%AA" title="Lîsteya xelatgirên Nobelê — curdo" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Lîsteya xelatgirên Nobelê" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="curdo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lista_de_ganiores_de_la_Premio_Nobel" title="Lista de ganiores de la Premio Nobel — Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Lista de ganiores de la Premio Nobel" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobela_pr%C4%93miju_laure%C4%81ti" title="Nobela prēmiju laureāti — letão" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Nobela prēmiju laureāti" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8_%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%86_%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95" title="നോബൽ സമ്മാന ജേതാക്കളുടെ പട്ടിക — malaiala" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="നോബൽ സമ്മാന ജേതാക്കളുടെ പട്ടിക" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malaiala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%BD%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%81" title="Нобелийн шагналтнуудын нэрс — mongol" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Нобелийн шагналтнуудын нэрс" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senarai_pemenang_Hadiah_Nobel" title="Senarai pemenang Hadiah Nobel — malaio" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Senarai pemenang Hadiah Nobel" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80" title="नोबेल पुरस्कार विजेताहरूको सूची — nepalês" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="नोबेल पुरस्कार विजेताहरूको सूची" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17506997 badge-featuredlist mw-list-item" title="lista destacada"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_over_nobelprisvinnere" title="Liste over nobelprisvinnere — norueguês bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Liste over nobelprisvinnere" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norueguês bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%B2_%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AE_%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%82_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%80" title="ਨੋਬਲ ਇਨਾਮ ਜੇਤੂਆਂ ਦੀ ਸੂਚੀ — panjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਨੋਬਲ ਇਨਾਮ ਜੇਤੂਆਂ ਦੀ ਸੂਚੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="panjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl badge-Q17506997 badge-featuredlist mw-list-item" title="lista destacada"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lista_laureat%C3%B3w_Nagrody_Nobla" title="Lista laureatów Nagrody Nobla — polaco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Lista laureatów Nagrody Nobla" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%86_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%DA%BA_%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%B9" title="نوبل انعام جتن والیاں دی لسٹ — Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="نوبل انعام جتن والیاں دی لسٹ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84_%D8%AC%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%90_%DA%AB%D9%BC%D9%88%D9%86%DA%A9%D9%88_%D9%86%D9%88%D9%85%D9%84%DA%93" title="د نوبل جایزې ګټونکو نوملړ — pastó" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د نوبل جایزې ګټونکو نوملړ" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pastó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lista_laurea%C8%9Bilor_Premiului_Nobel" title="Lista laureaților Premiului Nobel — romeno" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Lista laureaților Premiului Nobel" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D0%BE_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83_%D0%B2%D1%80%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Нобелевские премии по году вручения — russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Нобелевские премии по году вручения" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0-%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80" title="नोबल पुरस्कार-विजेतानां सूची — sânscrito" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="नोबल पुरस्कार-विजेतानां सूची" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sânscrito" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%84_%DA%AA%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%99%D9%86_%D8%AC%D9%8A_%D9%81%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA" title="نوبل انعام حاصل ڪندڙن جي فهرست — sindi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="نوبل انعام حاصل ڪندڙن جي فهرست" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seznam_Nobelovih_nagrajencev" title="Seznam Nobelovih nagrajencev — esloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Seznam Nobelovih nagrajencev" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="esloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Listo_Nobel-palh%C3%A2%C5%A1ume_vyeittein" title="Listo Nobel-palhâšume vyeittein — inari sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Listo Nobel-palhâšume vyeittein" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="inari sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lista_e_fituesve_t%C3%AB_%C3%87mimit_Nobel" title="Lista e fituesve të Çmimit Nobel — albanês" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Lista e fituesve të Çmimit Nobel" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5" title="Списак добитника Нобелове награде — sérvio" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Списак добитника Нобелове награде" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="sérvio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q17506997 badge-featuredlist mw-list-item" title="lista destacada"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lista_%C3%B6ver_Nobelpristagare" title="Lista över Nobelpristagare — sueco" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Lista över Nobelpristagare" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="sueco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="நோபல் பரிசு பெற்றவர்கள் பட்டியல் — tâmil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நோபல் பரிசு பெற்றவர்கள் பட்டியல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tâmil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%B9%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BF_%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%B9%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81" title="నోబెల్ బహుమతి గ్రహీతలు — telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="నోబెల్ బహుమతి గ్రహీతలు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A5" title="รายชื่อผู้ได้รับรางวัลโนเบล — tailandês" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="รายชื่อผู้ได้รับรางวัลโนเบล" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tailandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr badge-Q17506997 badge-featuredlist mw-list-item" title="lista destacada"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_%C3%96d%C3%BCl%C3%BC_sahipleri_listesi" title="Nobel Ödülü sahipleri listesi — turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Nobel Ödülü sahipleri listesi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%96%D0%B2" title="Список Нобелівських лауреатів — ucraniano" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Список Нобелівських лауреатів" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraniano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur badge-Q17506997 badge-featuredlist mw-list-item" title="lista destacada"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%88%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%84_%DA%A9%D9%86%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86_%DA%A9%DB%8C_%D9%81%DB%81%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA" title="نوبل انعام وصول کنندگان کی فہرست — urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="نوبل انعام وصول کنندگان کی فہرست" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_mukofoti_sovrindorlari_ro%CA%BByxati" title="Nobel mukofoti sovrindorlari roʻyxati — usbeque" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Nobel mukofoti sovrindorlari roʻyxati" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbeque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi badge-Q17506997 badge-featuredlist mw-list-item" title="lista destacada"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danh_s%C3%A1ch_ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di_%C4%91o%E1%BA%A1t_gi%E1%BA%A3i_Nobel" title="Danh sách người đoạt giải Nobel — vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Danh sách người đoạt giải Nobel" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80t%C3%B2j%E1%BB%8D_%C3%A0w%E1%BB%8Dn_%E1%BA%B9l%E1%BA%B9%CC%81b%C3%B9n_Nobel" title="Àtòjọ àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Nobel — ioruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Àtòjọ àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Nobel" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="ioruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li 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Clique aqui para mais informações." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Cscr-featured1.svg/20px-Cscr-featured1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Cscr-featured1.svg/30px-Cscr-featured1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Cscr-featured1.svg/40px-Cscr-featured1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="443" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Origem: Wikipédia, a enciclopédia livre.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="pt" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Nobel_Prize.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/pt/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/220px-Nobel_Prize.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="216" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/pt/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/330px-Nobel_Prize.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/pt/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/440px-Nobel_Prize.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="492" /></a><figcaption>Os laureados com o Nobel recebem uma medalha de ouro juntamente com um diploma e (até 2023) 11 milhões de <a href="/wiki/Coroa_sueca" title="Coroa sueca">coroas suecas</a> (cerca de 1 milhão de <a href="/wiki/D%C3%B3lar_dos_Estados_Unidos" title="Dólar dos Estados Unidos">dólares</a>, 0,95 milhões de <a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">euros</a>).</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Nobel_Prize_winners_2012.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Nobel_Prize_winners_2012.jpg/220px-Nobel_Prize_winners_2012.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Nobel_Prize_winners_2012.jpg/330px-Nobel_Prize_winners_2012.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Nobel_Prize_winners_2012.jpg/440px-Nobel_Prize_winners_2012.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3118" data-file-height="1559" /></a><figcaption>Laureados com o Nobel de 2012 <a href="/wiki/Alvin_Roth" title="Alvin Roth">Alvin Roth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brian_Kobilka" title="Brian Kobilka">Brian Kobilka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Lefkowitz" title="Robert Lefkowitz">Robert Lefkowitz</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_J._Wineland" class="mw-redirect" title="David J. Wineland">David J. Wineland</a> e <a href="/wiki/Serge_Haroche" title="Serge Haroche">Serge Haroche</a> durante a cerimônia.</figcaption></figure> <p>Os <b><a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%AAmio_Nobel" title="Prêmio Nobel">Prêmios Nobel</a></b> (em <a href="/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_sueca" title="Língua sueca">sueco</a>: <span lang="sv"> <i><b>Nobelpriset</b></i></span>, em <a href="/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_norueguesa" title="Língua norueguesa">norueguês</a>: <span lang="no"> <i><b>Nobelprisen</b></i></span>) são prêmios atribuídos anualmente pela <a href="/wiki/Academia_Real_das_Ci%C3%AAncias_da_Su%C3%A9cia" title="Academia Real das Ciências da Suécia">Academia Real das Ciências da Suécia</a> e <a href="/wiki/Academia_Sueca" title="Academia Sueca">Academia Sueca</a> e pelo <a href="/wiki/Comit%C3%A9_Nobel_Noruegu%C3%AAs" title="Comité Nobel Norueguês">Comité Nobel Norueguês</a> e o <a href="/wiki/Instituto_Karolinska" title="Instituto Karolinska">Instituto Karolinska</a> a pessoas e organizações que contribuíram de forma excepcional nos campos da <a href="/wiki/Nobel_de_Qu%C3%ADmica" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobel de Química">química</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nobel_de_F%C3%ADsica" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobel de Física">física</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nobel_de_Literatura" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobel de Literatura">literatura</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nobel_da_Paz" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobel da Paz">paz</a> e <a href="/wiki/Nobel_de_Fisiologia_ou_Medicina" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobel de Fisiologia ou Medicina">fisiologia ou medicina</a>. Os prêmios foram criados em 1895 por <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Nobel" title="Alfred Nobel">Alfred Nobel</a>, que determinou que eles seriam administrados pela <a href="/wiki/Funda%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Nobel" title="Fundação Nobel">Fundação Nobel</a>. O <a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%A9mio_de_Ci%C3%AAncias_Econ%C3%B3micas_em_Mem%C3%B3ria_de_Alfred_Nobel" title="Prémio de Ciências Económicas em Memória de Alfred Nobel">Prémio de Ciências Económicas em Memória de Alfred Nobel</a> foi criado em 1968 pelo <a href="/wiki/Sveriges_Riksbank" class="mw-redirect" title="Sveriges Riksbank">Sveriges Riksbank</a>, o <a href="/wiki/Banco_central" title="Banco central">banco central</a> da <a href="/wiki/Su%C3%A9cia" title="Suécia">Suécia</a>, para as contribuições no campo da <a href="/wiki/Economia" title="Economia">economia</a>. Cada premiado, "nobelista" ou "laureado",<sup class="reference" id="ref_Note1Nota_1"><a href="#endnote_Note1Nota_1">[nota 1]</a></sup> recebe uma medalha de ouro, um <a href="/wiki/Diploma" title="Diploma">diploma</a> e uma quantia em dinheiro, que é decidida previamente pela Fundação Nobel. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prêmio"><span id="Pr.C3.AAmio"></span>Prêmio</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laureados_com_o_Nobel&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Editar secção: Prêmio" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laureados_com_o_Nobel&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Prêmio"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>O Prêmio Nobel foi criado por Alfred Nobel em 1895, com o objetivo de reconhecer pessoas ou instituições que realizaram pesquisas, descobertas ou contribuições notáveis para a humanidade no ano imediatamente anterior ou no curso de suas atividades.<sup id="cite_ref-NobelFacts_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NobelFacts-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup> A administração dos prêmios é feita pela Fundação Nobel, uma organização criada em 1900 por vontade de Alfred Nobel em seu testamento.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Originalmente, o prêmio era dedicado a pessoas ou organizações que se destacaram nos campos da química, física, literatura, paz e fisiologia ou medicina.<sup id="cite_ref-NobelFacts_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NobelFacts-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup> Em 1968, foi criado o <a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%A9mio_de_Ci%C3%AAncias_Econ%C3%B3micas_em_Mem%C3%B3ria_de_Alfred_Nobel" title="Prémio de Ciências Económicas em Memória de Alfred Nobel">Prémio de Ciências Económicas em Memória de Alfred Nobel</a> por uma doação do banco central sueco <a href="/wiki/Sveriges_Riksbank" class="mw-redirect" title="Sveriges Riksbank">Sveriges Riksbank</a> à <a href="/wiki/Funda%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Nobel" title="Fundação Nobel">Fundação Nobel</a> para comemorar o 300.º aniversário do banco,<sup id="cite_ref-EB-NP_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB-NP-4"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NF-prizes_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NF-prizes-6"><span>[</span>6<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bank-estab_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bank-estab-7"><span>[</span>7<span>]</span></a></sup> e é outorgado anualmente desde 1969 pela <a href="/wiki/Academia_Real_das_Ci%C3%AAncias_da_Su%C3%A9cia" title="Academia Real das Ciências da Suécia">Academia Real das Ciências da Suécia</a> a intelectuais do campo das <a href="/wiki/Economia" title="Economia">ciências económicas</a>. Embora não seja um dos <a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%A9mio_Nobel" class="mw-redirect" title="Prémio Nobel">Prêmios Nobel</a> originais estabelecidos pelo testamento de <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Nobel" title="Alfred Nobel">Alfred Nobel</a> em 1895, é geralmente considerado e frequentemente referido, porém de forma errônea, como o prêmio Nobel de Economia.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span>[</span>8<span>]</span></a></sup> O prêmio é administrado e referido juntamente com os Prêmios Nobel pela Fundação Nobel.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span>[</span>9<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cada prêmio é dado por um comitê separado. A Academia Real das Ciências da Suécia entrega os prêmios de Física, Química e Economia, o Instituto Karolinska entrega o prêmio de Fisiologia ou Medicina e o <a href="/wiki/Comit%C3%A9_Nobel_Noruegu%C3%AAs" title="Comité Nobel Norueguês">Comité Nobel Norueguês</a> entrega o Nobel da Paz.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span>[</span>10<span>]</span></a></sup> Cada laureado recebe uma medalha de ouro, um diploma e um prêmio em dinheiro que tem variado no decorrer dos anos.<sup id="cite_ref-NobelPrizeDescription_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NobelPrizeDescription-11"><span>[</span>11<span>]</span></a></sup> Em 1901, os laureados do primeiro Prêmio Nobel receberam 150&#160;782 <a href="/wiki/Coroa_sueca" title="Coroa sueca">coroas suecas</a>, o que equivale a 10,8 milhões de coroas suecas em 2023. Em 2017, os premiados receberam um total de 9 milhões de coroas suecas.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span>[</span>12<span>]</span></a></sup> A premiação acontece anualmente em <a href="/wiki/Estocolmo" title="Estocolmo">Estocolmo</a> no dia 10 de dezembro, o aniversário da morte de Alfred Nobel.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span>[</span>13<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>De acordo com o estatuto da Fundação, nos anos em que não houver premiação, devido a eventos externos ou a ausência de nomeações, o valor do prêmio em dinheiro é reservado para o ano seguinte e poderá ser devolvido aos fundos restritos da Fundação.<sup id="cite_ref-NobelFacts_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NobelFacts-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span>[</span>14<span>]</span></a></sup> O Prêmio Nobel não foi entregue entre os anos de 1940 e 1942 devido à <a href="/wiki/Segunda_Guerra_Mundial" title="Segunda Guerra Mundial">Segunda Guerra Mundial</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-PeacePrizeArticle_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PeacePrizeArticle-15"><span>[</span>15<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Laureados">Laureados</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laureados_com_o_Nobel&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Editar secção: Laureados" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laureados_com_o_Nobel&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Laureados"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Entre 1901 e 2024, o Prêmio Nobel e o Prêmio de Ciências Económicas em Memória de Alfred Nobel foram concedidos 626 vezes a 1&#160;009 pessoas e organizações (978 indivíduos e 31 organizações).<sup id="cite_ref-NobelFacts_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NobelFacts-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup> Com algumas pessoas e organizações recebendo o Nobel mais de uma vez, totaliza-se 973 indivíduos e 28 organizações.<sup id="cite_ref-NobelFacts_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NobelFacts-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup> Seis laureados com o Nobel foram proibidos pelo governo de seu país de aceitar o prêmio: <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a> proibiu quatro alemães, <a href="/wiki/Carl_von_Ossietzky" title="Carl von Ossietzky">Carl von Ossietzky</a> (Paz, 1936), <a href="/wiki/Richard_Kuhn" title="Richard Kuhn">Richard Kuhn</a> (Química, 1938), <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Butenandt" title="Adolf Butenandt">Adolf Butenandt</a> (Química, 1939) e <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Domagk" title="Gerhard Domagk">Gerhard Domagk</a> (Fisiologia ou Medicina, 1939), de aceitarem seus prêmios; o governo da extinta <a href="/wiki/Uni%C3%A3o_Sovi%C3%A9tica" title="União Soviética">União Soviética</a> pressionou <a href="/wiki/Boris_Pasternak" title="Boris Pasternak">Boris Pasternak</a> (Literatura, 1958) a recusá-lo; e o governo da <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> proibiu <a href="/wiki/Liu_Xiaobo" title="Liu Xiaobo">Liu Xiaobo</a> (Paz, 2010) a receber seu prêmio. Dois laureados, <a href="/wiki/Jean-Paul_Sartre" title="Jean-Paul Sartre">Jean-Paul Sartre</a> (Literatura, 1964) e <a href="/wiki/L%C3%AA_%C3%90%E1%BB%A9c_Th%E1%BB%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Lê Ðức Thọ">Lê Ðức Thọ</a> (Paz, 1973), recusaram o prêmio; Sartre tinha a postura de recusar todos os prêmios oficiais recebidos e Lê Ðức Thọ recusou o prêmio devido à <a href="/wiki/Guerra_do_Vietn%C3%A3" title="Guerra do Vietnã">Guerra do Vietnã</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NobelFacts_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NobelFacts-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sete laureados receberam mais de um prêmio. O <a href="/wiki/Comit%C3%AA_Internacional_da_Cruz_Vermelha" title="Comitê Internacional da Cruz Vermelha">Comitê Internacional da Cruz Vermelha</a> foi premiado com o Nobel da Paz em três ocasiões, mais do que qualquer outro laureado.<sup id="cite_ref-NobelFacts_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NobelFacts-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup> Receberam o prêmio por duas vezes, o <a href="/wiki/Alto_Comissariado_das_Na%C3%A7%C3%B5es_Unidas_para_os_Refugiados" title="Alto Comissariado das Nações Unidas para os Refugiados">Alto Comissariado das Nações Unidas para os Refugiados</a> (Nobel da Paz), <a href="/wiki/John_Bardeen" title="John Bardeen">John Bardeen</a> (Nobel de Física), <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger">Frederick Sanger</a> (Nobel de Química) e <a href="/wiki/Barry_Sharpless" title="Barry Sharpless">Barry Sharpless</a> (Nobel de Química). Dois laureados também receberam o prêmio duas vezes, porém em categorias diferentes: <a href="/wiki/Marie_Curie" title="Marie Curie">Marie Curie</a> (Física e Química) e <a href="/wiki/Linus_Pauling" title="Linus Pauling">Linus Pauling</a> (Química e Paz). Entre os 973 indivíduos laureados, 65 são mulheres, sendo que a primeira a receber o prêmio foi Marie Curie, com o Nobel de Física em 1903.<sup id="cite_ref-WomenLaureates_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WomenLaureates-16"><span>[</span>16<span>]</span></a></sup> Ela também foi a primeira pessoa (homem ou mulher) a receber um segundo Nobel em 1911, no campo da Química, e continua a ser <a href="/wiki/Lista_de_mulheres_laureadas_com_o_Nobel" title="Lista de mulheres laureadas com o Nobel">a única mulher a receber o Nobel por duas vezes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NobelFacts_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NobelFacts-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Os únicos falantes de <a href="/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_portuguesa" title="Língua portuguesa">língua portuguesa</a> a serem laureados com a premiação foram dois <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">portugueses</a>, o médico neurologista <a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_Egas_Moniz" title="António Egas Moniz">António Egas Moniz</a> (Nobel de Fisiologia ou Medicina de 1949) e o escritor <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Saramago" title="José Saramago">José Saramago</a> (Nobel de Literatura de 1998)<sup id="cite_ref-PortugalLaureates_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PortugalLaureates-17"><span>[</span>17<span>]</span></a></sup>, e dois <a href="/wiki/Timor-Leste" title="Timor-Leste">timorenses</a>, o bispo católico <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Filipe_Ximenes_Belo" title="Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo">Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo</a> e o político e jurista <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Ramos-Horta" title="José Ramos-Horta">José Ramos-Horta</a> (ambos foram laureados com o Nobel da Paz de 1996).<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span>[</span>18<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span>[</span>19<span>]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="ref_Note1Nota_2"><a href="#endnote_Note1Nota_2">[nota 2]</a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lista_de_laureados">Lista de laureados</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laureados_com_o_Nobel&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Editar secção: Lista de laureados" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laureados_com_o_Nobel&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Lista de laureados"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="#1901">1901</a> • <a href="#1910">1910</a> • <a href="#1920">1920</a> • <a href="#1930">1930</a> • <a href="#1940">1940</a> • <a href="#1950">1950</a> • <a href="#1960">1960</a> • <a href="#1970">1970</a> • <a href="#1980">1980</a> • <a href="#1990">1990</a> • <a href="#2000">2000</a> • <a href="#2010">2010</a> • <a href="#2020">2020</a> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Ano </th> <th style="width:18%;"><a href="/wiki/Laureados_com_o_Nobel_de_F%C3%ADsica" title="Laureados com o Nobel de Física">Física</a><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span>[</span>20<span>]</span></a></sup> </th> <th style="width:16%;"><a href="/wiki/Laureados_com_o_Nobel_de_Qu%C3%ADmica" title="Laureados com o Nobel de Química">Química</a><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span>[</span>21<span>]</span></a></sup> </th> <th style="width:18%;"><a href="/wiki/Laureados_com_o_Nobel_de_Fisiologia_ou_Medicina" title="Laureados com o Nobel de Fisiologia ou Medicina">Fisiologia<br />ou Medicina</a><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span>[</span>22<span>]</span></a></sup> </th> <th style="width:16%;"><a href="/wiki/Laureados_com_o_Nobel_de_Literatura" title="Laureados com o Nobel de Literatura">Literatura</a><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span>[</span>23<span>]</span></a></sup> </th> <th style="width:16%;"><a href="/wiki/Laureados_com_o_Nobel_da_Paz" title="Laureados com o Nobel da Paz">Paz</a><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span>[</span>24<span>]</span></a></sup> </th> <th style="width:15%;"><a href="/wiki/Lista_dos_laureados_com_o_Pr%C3%A9mio_de_Ci%C3%AAncias_Econ%C3%B3micas_em_Mem%C3%B3ria_de_Alfred_Nobel" title="Lista dos laureados com o Prémio de Ciências Económicas em Memória de Alfred Nobel">Economia</a> (Prêmio Sveriges Riksbank)<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span>[</span>25<span>]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr id="1901"> <td style="text-align:center;">1901 </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Röntgen, Wilhelm</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_R%C3%B6ntgen" title="Wilhelm Röntgen">Wilhelm Röntgen</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Hoff, Jacobus Henricus van 't</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Jacobus_Henricus_van_%27t_Hoff" title="Jacobus Henricus van &#39;t Hoff">Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">von Behring, Emil Adolf</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Emil_Adolf_von_Behring" title="Emil Adolf von Behring">Emil Adolf von Behring</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Prudhomme, Sully</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Sully_Prudhomme" title="Sully Prudhomme">Sully Prudhomme</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Dunant, Henry</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Dunant" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Dunant">Henry Dunant</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Passy, Frédéric</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Passy" title="Frédéric Passy">Frédéric Passy</a></span></span> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="eeeeee">— </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">1902 </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Lorentz, Hendrik</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Hendrik_Lorentz" title="Hendrik Lorentz">Hendrik Lorentz</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Zeeman, Pieter</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Pieter_Zeeman" title="Pieter Zeeman">Pieter Zeeman</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Fischer, Hermann Emil</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Emil_Fischer" title="Hermann Emil Fischer">Hermann Emil Fischer</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Ross, Ronald</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Ross" title="Ronald Ross">Ronald Ross</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Mommsen, Theodor</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Theodor_Mommsen" title="Theodor Mommsen">Theodor Mommsen</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Ducommun, Élie</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89lie_Ducommun" title="Élie Ducommun">Élie Ducommun</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Gobat, Charles Albert</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Albert_Gobat" title="Charles Albert Gobat">Charles Albert Gobat</a></span></span> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="eeeeee">— </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">1903 </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Becquerel, Henri</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Henri_Becquerel" class="mw-redirect" title="Henri Becquerel">Henri Becquerel</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Curie, Pierre</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Curie" title="Pierre Curie">Pierre Curie</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Curie, Marie</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Marie_Curie" title="Marie Curie">Marie Curie</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Arrhenius, Svante</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Svante_Arrhenius" title="Svante Arrhenius">Svante Arrhenius</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Finsen, Niels Ryberg</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Niels_Ryberg_Finsen" title="Niels Ryberg Finsen">Niels Ryberg Finsen</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Bjørnson, Bjørnstjerne</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Bj%C3%B8rnstjerne_Bj%C3%B8rnson" title="Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson">Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Cremer, William Randal</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/William_Randal_Cremer" title="William Randal Cremer">William Randal Cremer</a></span></span> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="eeeeee">— </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">1904 </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Strutt, John William</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/John_William_Strutt" title="John William Strutt">John William Strutt</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Ramsay, William</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/William_Ramsay" title="William Ramsay">William Ramsay</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Pavlov, Ivan</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Pavlov" title="Ivan Pavlov">Ivan Pavlov</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Mistral, Frédéric</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Mistral" title="Frédéric Mistral">Frédéric Mistral</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Echegaray, José</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Echegaray" title="José Echegaray">José Echegaray</a></span></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Instituto_de_Direito_Internacional" title="Instituto de Direito Internacional">Instituto de Direito Internacional</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="eeeeee">— </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">1905 </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Lenard, Philipp</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Philipp_Lenard" title="Philipp Lenard">Philipp Lenard</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Baeyer, Adolf von</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Adolf_von_Baeyer" title="Adolf von Baeyer">Adolf von Baeyer</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Koch, Robert</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Koch" title="Robert Koch">Robert Koch</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Sienkiewicz, Henryk</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Henryk_Sienkiewicz" title="Henryk Sienkiewicz">Henryk Sienkiewicz</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Suttner, Bertha von</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Bertha_von_Suttner" title="Bertha von Suttner">Bertha von Suttner</a></span></span> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="eeeeee">— </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">1906 </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Thomson, Joseph John</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_John_Thomson" title="Joseph John Thomson">Joseph John Thomson</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Moissan, Henri</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Henri_Moissan" title="Henri Moissan">Henri Moissan</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Golgi, Camillo</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Camillo_Golgi" title="Camillo Golgi">Camillo Golgi</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Ramón y Cajal, Santiago</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Santiago_Ram%C3%B3n_y_Cajal" title="Santiago Ramón y Cajal">Santiago Ramón y Cajal</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Carducci, Giosuè</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Giosu%C3%A8_Carducci" title="Giosuè Carducci">Giosuè Carducci</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Roosevelt, Theodore</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Theodore Roosevelt</a></span></span> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="eeeeee">— </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">1907 </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Michelson, Albert Abraham</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Albert_Abraham_Michelson" class="mw-redirect" title="Albert Abraham Michelson">Albert Abraham Michelson</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Buchner, Eduard</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Eduard_Buchner" title="Eduard Buchner">Eduard Buchner</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Laveran, Charles Louis Alphonse</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Louis_Alphonse_Laveran" title="Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran">Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Kipling, Rudyard</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Rudyard_Kipling" title="Rudyard Kipling">Rudyard Kipling</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Moneta, Ernesto Teodoro</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Ernesto_Teodoro_Moneta" title="Ernesto Teodoro Moneta">Ernesto Teodoro Moneta</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Renault, Louis</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Louis_Renault_(jurista)" title="Louis Renault (jurista)">Louis Renault</a></span></span> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="eeeeee">— </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">1908 </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Lippmann, Gabriel</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Lippmann" title="Gabriel Lippmann">Gabriel Lippmann</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Rutherford, Ernest</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford">Ernest Rutherford</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Mechnikov, Ilya Ilyich</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Ilya_Ilyich_Mechnikov" title="Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov">Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Ehrlich, Paul</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Ehrlich" title="Paul Ehrlich">Paul Ehrlich</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Eucken, Rudolf Christoph</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Christoph_Eucken" class="mw-redirect" title="Rudolf Christoph Eucken">Rudolf Christoph Eucken</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Arnoldson, Klas Pontus</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Klas_Pontus_Arnoldson" title="Klas Pontus Arnoldson">Klas Pontus Arnoldson</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Bajer, Fredrik</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Fredrik_Bajer" title="Fredrik Bajer">Fredrik Bajer</a></span></span> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="eeeeee">— </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">1909 </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Braun, Karl Ferdinand</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Karl_Ferdinand_Braun" title="Karl Ferdinand Braun">Karl Ferdinand Braun</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Marconi, Guglielmo</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Guglielmo_Marconi" title="Guglielmo Marconi">Guglielmo Marconi</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Ostwald, Wilhelm</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Wilhelm Ostwald">Wilhelm Ostwald</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Kocher, Emil Theodor</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Emil_Theodor_Kocher" title="Emil Theodor Kocher">Emil Theodor Kocher</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Lagerlöf, Selma</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Selma_Lagerl%C3%B6f" title="Selma Lagerlöf">Selma Lagerlöf</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Beernaert, Auguste Marie François</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Auguste_Marie_Fran%C3%A7ois_Beernaert" class="mw-redirect" title="Auguste Marie François Beernaert">Auguste Marie François Beernaert</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">d'Estournelles de Constant, Paul-Henri-Benjamin</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Paul-Henri-Benjamin_d%27Estournelles_de_Constant" class="mw-redirect" title="Paul-Henri-Benjamin d&#39;Estournelles de Constant">Paul-Henri-Benjamin d'Estournelles de Constant</a></span></span> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="eeeeee">— </td></tr> <tr id="1910"> <td style="text-align:center;">1910 </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Waals, Johannes Diderik van der</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Diderik_van_der_Waals" title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals">Johannes Diderik van der Waals</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Wallach, Otto</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Otto_Wallach" title="Otto Wallach">Otto Wallach</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Kossel, Albrecht</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Albrecht_Kossel" title="Albrecht Kossel">Albrecht Kossel</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Heyse, Paul</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Heyse" class="mw-redirect" title="Paul Heyse">Paul Heyse</a></span></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gabinete_Internacional_Permanente_para_a_Paz" title="Gabinete Internacional Permanente para a Paz">Gabinete Internacional Permanente para a Paz</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="eeeeee">— </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">1911 </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Wien, Wilhelm</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Wien" title="Wilhelm Wien">Wilhelm Wien</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Curie, Marie</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Marie_Curie" title="Marie Curie">Marie Curie</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Gullstrand, Allvar</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Allvar_Gullstrand" title="Allvar Gullstrand">Allvar Gullstrand</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Maeterlinck, Maurice</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Maeterlinck" title="Maurice Maeterlinck">Maurice Maeterlinck</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Asser, Tobias</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Tobias_Asser" title="Tobias Asser">Tobias Asser</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Fried, Alfred Hermann</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hermann_Fried" title="Alfred Hermann Fried">Alfred Hermann Fried</a></span></span> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="eeeeee">— </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">1912 </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Dalén, Gustaf</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Gustaf_Dal%C3%A9n" class="mw-redirect" title="Gustaf Dalén">Gustaf Dalén</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Grignard, Victor</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Victor_Grignard" title="Victor Grignard">Victor Grignard</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Sabatier, Paul</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Sabatier" title="Paul Sabatier">Paul Sabatier</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Carrel, Alexis</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Alexis_Carrel" title="Alexis Carrel">Alexis Carrel</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Hauptmann, Gerhart</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Gerhart_Hauptmann" title="Gerhart Hauptmann">Gerhart Hauptmann</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Root, Elihu</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Elihu_Root" title="Elihu Root">Elihu Root</a></span></span> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="eeeeee">— </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">1913 </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Kamerlingh Onnes, Heike</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Heike_Kamerlingh_Onnes" title="Heike Kamerlingh Onnes">Heike Kamerlingh Onnes</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Werner, Alfred</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Werner" title="Alfred Werner">Alfred Werner</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Richet, Charles</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Richet" title="Charles Richet">Charles Richet</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Tagore, Rabindranath</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Rabindranath_Tagore" title="Rabindranath Tagore">Rabindranath Tagore</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">La Fontaine, Henri</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Henri_La_Fontaine" title="Henri La Fontaine">Henri La Fontaine</a></span></span> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="eeeeee">— </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">1914 </td> <td><span style="display:none;">von Laue, Max</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Max_von_Laue" title="Max von Laue">Max von Laue</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Richards, Theodore William</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Theodore_William_Richards" title="Theodore William Richards">Theodore William Richards</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Bárány, Robert</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Robert_B%C3%A1r%C3%A1ny" title="Robert Bárány">Robert Bárány</a></span></span> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="eeeeee"><i>Não foi atribuído</i> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="eeeeee"><i>Não foi atribuído</i> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="eeeeee">— </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">1915 </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Bragg, William Henry</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Bragg" title="William Henry Bragg">William Henry Bragg</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Bragg, William Lawrence</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/William_Lawrence_Bragg" title="William Lawrence Bragg">William Lawrence Bragg</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Willstätter, Richard</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Willst%C3%A4tter" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Willstätter">Richard Willstätter</a></span></span> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="eeeeee"><i>Não foi atribuído</i> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Rolland, Romain</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Romain_Rolland" title="Romain Rolland">Romain Rolland</a></span></span> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="eeeeee"><i>Não foi atribuído</i> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="eeeeee">— </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">1916 </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="eeeeee"><i>Não foi atribuído</i> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="eeeeee"><i>Não foi atribuído</i> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="eeeeee"><i>Não foi atribuído</i> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Heidenstam, Verner von</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Verner_von_Heidenstam" title="Verner von Heidenstam">Verner von Heidenstam</a></span></span> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="eeeeee"><i>Não foi atribuído</i> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="eeeeee">— </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">1917 </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Barkla, Charles Glover</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Glover_Barkla" title="Charles Glover Barkla">Charles Glover Barkla</a></span></span> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="eeeeee"><i>Não foi atribuído</i> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="eeeeee"><i>Não foi atribuído</i> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Gjellerup, Karl Adolph</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Karl_Adolph_Gjellerup" title="Karl Adolph Gjellerup">Karl Adolph Gjellerup</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Pontoppidan, Henrik</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Henrik_Pontoppidan" title="Henrik Pontoppidan">Henrik Pontoppidan</a></span></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Comit%C3%A9_Internacional_da_Cruz_Vermelha" class="mw-redirect" title="Comité Internacional da Cruz Vermelha">Comité Internacional da Cruz Vermelha</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="eeeeee">— </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">1918 </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Planck, Max</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck">Max Planck</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Haber, Fritz</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Fritz_Haber" title="Fritz Haber">Fritz Haber</a></span></span> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="eeeeee"><i>Não foi atribuído</i> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="eeeeee"><i>Não foi atribuído</i> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="eeeeee"><i>Não foi atribuído</i> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="eeeeee">— </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">1919 </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Stark, Johannes</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Stark" title="Johannes Stark">Johannes Stark</a></span></span> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="eeeeee"><i>Não foi atribuído</i> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Bordet, Jules</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Jules_Bordet" title="Jules Bordet">Jules Bordet</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Spitteler, Carl</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Carl_Spitteler" title="Carl Spitteler">Carl Spitteler</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Wilson, Woodrow</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Woodrow Wilson</a></span></span> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="eeeeee">— </td></tr> <tr id="1920"> <td style="text-align:center;">1920 </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Guillaume, Charles Édouard</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Charles_%C3%89douard_Guillaume" title="Charles Édouard Guillaume">Charles Édouard Guillaume</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Nernst, Walther</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Walther_Nernst" title="Walther Nernst">Walther Nernst</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Krogh, August</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/August_Krogh" class="mw-redirect" title="August Krogh">August Krogh</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Hamsun, Knut</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Knut_Hamsun" title="Knut Hamsun">Knut Hamsun</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Bourgeois, Léon</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Bourgeois" title="Léon Bourgeois">Léon Bourgeois</a></span></span> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="eeeeee">— </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">1921 </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Einstein, Albert</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Albert Einstein</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Soddy, Frederick</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Soddy" title="Frederick Soddy">Frederick Soddy</a></span></span> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="eeeeee"><i>Não foi atribuído</i> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">France, Anatole</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Anatole_France" title="Anatole France">Anatole France</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Branting, Hjalmar</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Hjalmar_Branting" title="Hjalmar Branting">Hjalmar Branting</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Lange, Christian Lous</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Christian_Lous_Lange" title="Christian Lous Lange">Christian Lous Lange</a></span></span> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="eeeeee">— </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">1922 </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Bohr, Niels</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Niels_Bohr" title="Niels Bohr">Niels Bohr</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Aston, Francis William</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Francis_William_Aston" title="Francis William Aston">Francis William Aston</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Hill, Archibald</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Archibald_Hill" class="mw-redirect" title="Archibald Hill">Archibald Hill</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Meyerhof, Otto Fritz</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Otto_Fritz_Meyerhof" title="Otto Fritz Meyerhof">Otto Fritz Meyerhof</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Benavente, Jacinto</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Jacinto_Benavente" title="Jacinto Benavente">Jacinto Benavente</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Nansen, Fridtjof</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Fridtjof_Nansen" title="Fridtjof Nansen">Fridtjof Nansen</a></span></span> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="eeeeee">— </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">1923 </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Millikan, Robert Andrews</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Andrews_Millikan" title="Robert Andrews Millikan">Robert Andrews Millikan</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Pregl, Fritz</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Fritz_Pregl" title="Fritz Pregl">Fritz Pregl</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Banting, Frederick</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Banting" title="Frederick Banting">Frederick Banting</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Macleod, John James Rickard</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/John_James_Rickard_Macleod" title="John James Rickard Macleod">John James Rickard Macleod</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Yeats, W. B.</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/W._B._Yeats" class="mw-redirect" title="W. B. Yeats">W. B. Yeats</a></span></span> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="eeeeee"><i>Não foi atribuído</i> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="eeeeee">— </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">1924 </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Siegbahn, Manne</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Manne_Siegbahn" class="mw-redirect" title="Manne Siegbahn">Manne Siegbahn</a></span></span> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="eeeeee"><i>Não foi atribuído</i> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Einthoven, Willem</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Willem_Einthoven" title="Willem Einthoven">Willem Einthoven</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Reymont, Władysław</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Reymont" title="Władysław Reymont">Władysław Reymont</a></span></span> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="eeeeee"><i>Não foi atribuído</i> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="eeeeee">— </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">1925 </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Franck, James</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/James_Franck" title="James Franck">James Franck</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Hertz, Gustav Ludwig</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Gustav_Ludwig_Hertz" title="Gustav Ludwig Hertz">Gustav Ludwig Hertz</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Zsigmondy, Richard Adolf</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Adolf_Zsigmondy" title="Richard Adolf Zsigmondy">Richard Adolf Zsigmondy</a></span></span> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="eeeeee"><i>Não foi atribuído</i> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Shaw, George Bernard</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/George_Bernard_Shaw" title="George Bernard Shaw">George Bernard Shaw</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Chamberlain, Austen</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Austen_Chamberlain" title="Austen Chamberlain">Austen Chamberlain</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Dawes, Charles G.</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Charles_G._Dawes" title="Charles G. Dawes">Charles G. Dawes</a></span></span> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="eeeeee">— </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">1926 </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Perrin, Jean Baptiste</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Jean_Baptiste_Perrin" title="Jean Baptiste Perrin">Jean Baptiste Perrin</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Svedberg, Theodor</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Theodor_Svedberg" title="Theodor Svedberg">Theodor Svedberg</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Fibiger, Johannes</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Fibiger" title="Johannes Fibiger">Johannes Fibiger</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Deledda, Grazia</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Grazia_Deledda" title="Grazia Deledda">Grazia Deledda</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Briand, Aristide</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Aristide_Briand" title="Aristide Briand">Aristide Briand</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Stresemann, Gustav</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Gustav_Stresemann" title="Gustav Stresemann">Gustav Stresemann</a></span></span> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="eeeeee">— </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">1927 </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Compton, Arthur</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Compton" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthur Compton">Arthur Compton</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Wilson, Charles Thomson Rees</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Thomson_Rees_Wilson" title="Charles Thomson Rees Wilson">Charles Thomson Rees Wilson</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Wieland, Heinrich Otto</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Otto_Wieland" title="Heinrich Otto Wieland">Heinrich Otto Wieland</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Wagner-Jauregg, Julius</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Julius_Wagner-Jauregg" class="mw-redirect" title="Julius Wagner-Jauregg">Julius Wagner-Jauregg</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Bergson, Henri</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Henri_Bergson" title="Henri Bergson">Henri Bergson</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Buisson, Ferdinand</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Buisson" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferdinand Buisson">Ferdinand Buisson</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Quidde, Ludwig</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Quidde" title="Ludwig Quidde">Ludwig Quidde</a></span></span> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="eeeeee">— </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">1928 </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Richardson, Owen Willans</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Owen_Willans_Richardson" title="Owen Willans Richardson">Owen Willans Richardson</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Windaus, Adolf Otto Reinhold</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Otto_Reinhold_Windaus" title="Adolf Otto Reinhold Windaus">Adolf Otto Reinhold Windaus</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Nicolle, Charles</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Nicolle" title="Charles Nicolle">Charles Nicolle</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Undset, Sigrid</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Sigrid_Undset" title="Sigrid Undset">Sigrid Undset</a></span></span> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="eeeeee"><i>Não foi atribuído</i> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="eeeeee">— </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">1929 </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Broglie, Louis de</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Louis_de_Broglie" title="Louis de Broglie">Louis de Broglie</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Harden, Arthur</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Harden" title="Arthur Harden">Arthur Harden</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">von Euler-Chelpin, Hans</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Hans_von_Euler-Chelpin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hans von Euler-Chelpin">Hans von Euler-Chelpin</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Eijkman, Christiaan</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Christiaan_Eijkman" title="Christiaan Eijkman">Christiaan Eijkman</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Hopkins, Frederick Gowland</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Gowland_Hopkins" title="Frederick Gowland Hopkins">Frederick Gowland Hopkins</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Mann, Thomas</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Mann" title="Thomas Mann">Thomas Mann</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Kellogg, Frank B.</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Frank_B._Kellogg" title="Frank B. Kellogg">Frank B. Kellogg</a></span></span> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="eeeeee">— </td></tr> <tr id="1930"> <td style="text-align:center;">1930 </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Raman, C. V.</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/C._V._Raman" class="mw-redirect" title="C. V. Raman">C. V. Raman</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Fischer, Hans</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Hans_Fischer" title="Hans Fischer">Hans Fischer</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Landsteiner, Karl</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Karl_Landsteiner" title="Karl Landsteiner">Karl Landsteiner</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Lewis, Sinclair</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Sinclair_Lewis" title="Sinclair Lewis">Sinclair Lewis</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Söderblom, Nathan</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Nathan_S%C3%B6derblom" title="Nathan Söderblom">Nathan Söderblom</a></span></span> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="eeeeee">— </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">1931 </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="eeeeee"><i>Não foi atribuído</i> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Bosch, Carl</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Carl_Bosch" title="Carl Bosch">Carl Bosch</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Bergius, Friedrich</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Bergius" title="Friedrich Bergius">Friedrich Bergius</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Warburg, Otto Heinrich</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Otto_Heinrich_Warburg" title="Otto Heinrich Warburg">Otto Heinrich Warburg</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Karlfeldt, Erik Axel</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Erik_Axel_Karlfeldt" title="Erik Axel Karlfeldt">Erik Axel Karlfeldt</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Addams, Jane</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Jane_Addams" title="Jane Addams">Jane Addams</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Butler, Nicholas Murray</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Murray_Butler" title="Nicholas Murray Butler">Nicholas Murray Butler</a></span></span> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="eeeeee">— </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">1932 </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Heisenberg, Werner</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Werner_Heisenberg" title="Werner Heisenberg">Werner Heisenberg</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Langmuir, Irving</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Irving_Langmuir" title="Irving Langmuir">Irving Langmuir</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Sherrington, Charles Scott</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Scott_Sherrington" title="Charles Scott Sherrington">Charles Scott Sherrington</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Adrian, Edgar Douglas</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Douglas_Adrian" title="Edgar Douglas Adrian">Edgar Douglas Adrian</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Galsworthy, John</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/John_Galsworthy" title="John Galsworthy">John Galsworthy</a></span></span> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="eeeeee"><i>Não foi atribuído</i> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="eeeeee">— </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">1933 </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Schrödinger, Erwin</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger">Erwin Schrödinger</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Dirac, Paul</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Dirac" title="Paul Dirac">Paul Dirac</a></span></span> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="eeeeee"><i>Não foi atribuído</i> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Morgan, Thomas Hunt</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hunt_Morgan" title="Thomas Hunt Morgan">Thomas Hunt Morgan</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Bunin, Ivan</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Bunin" title="Ivan Bunin">Ivan Bunin</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Angell, Norman</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Norman_Angell" title="Norman Angell">Norman Angell</a></span></span> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="eeeeee">— </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">1934 </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="eeeeee"><i>Não foi atribuído</i> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Urey, Harold</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Harold_Urey" class="mw-redirect" title="Harold Urey">Harold Urey</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Whipple, George</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/George_Whipple" title="George Whipple">George Whipple</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Minot, George</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/George_Minot" title="George Minot">George Minot</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Murphy, William P.</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/William_P._Murphy" class="mw-redirect" title="William P. Murphy">William P. Murphy</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Pirandello, Luigi</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Pirandello" title="Luigi Pirandello">Luigi Pirandello</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Henderson, Arthur</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Henderson" title="Arthur Henderson">Arthur Henderson</a></span></span> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="eeeeee">— </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">1935 </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Chadwick, James</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/James_Chadwick" title="James Chadwick">James Chadwick</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Joliot-Curie, Frédéric</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Joliot-Curie" title="Frédéric Joliot-Curie">Frédéric Joliot-Curie</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Joliot-Curie, Irène</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Ir%C3%A8ne_Joliot-Curie" title="Irène Joliot-Curie">Irène Joliot-Curie</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Spemann, Hans</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Hans_Spemann" title="Hans Spemann">Hans Spemann</a></span></span> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="eeeeee"><i>Não foi atribuído</i> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">von Ossietzky, Carl</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Carl_von_Ossietzky" title="Carl von Ossietzky">Carl von Ossietzky</a></span></span> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="eeeeee">— </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">1936 </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Hess, Victor Francis</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Victor_Francis_Hess" class="mw-redirect" title="Victor Francis Hess">Victor Francis Hess</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Anderson, Carl David</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Carl_David_Anderson" title="Carl David Anderson">Carl David Anderson</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Debye, Peter</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Debye" title="Peter Debye">Peter Debye</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Dale, Henry Hallett</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Hallett_Dale" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Hallett Dale">Henry Hallett Dale</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Loewi, Otto</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Otto_Loewi" title="Otto Loewi">Otto Loewi</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">O'Neill, Eugene</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Eugene_O%27Neill" title="Eugene O&#39;Neill">Eugene O'Neill</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Lamas, Carlos Saavedra</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Saavedra_Lamas" title="Carlos Saavedra Lamas">Carlos Saavedra Lamas</a></span></span> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="eeeeee">— </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">1937 </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Davisson, Clinton</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Clinton_Davisson" title="Clinton Davisson">Clinton Davisson</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Thomson, George Paget</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/George_Paget_Thomson" title="George Paget Thomson">George Paget Thomson</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Haworth, Walter Norman</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Walter_Norman_Haworth" title="Walter Norman Haworth">Walter Norman Haworth</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Karrer, Paul</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Karrer" title="Paul Karrer">Paul Karrer</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Szent-Györgyi, Albert</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Albert_Szent-Gy%C3%B6rgyi" title="Albert Szent-Györgyi">Albert Szent-Györgyi</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">du Gard, Roger Martin</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Roger_Martin_du_Gard" title="Roger Martin du Gard">Roger Martin du Gard</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Cecil, Robert</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Cecil" title="Robert Cecil">Robert Cecil</a></span></span> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="eeeeee">— </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">1938 </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Fermi, Enrico</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Enrico_Fermi" title="Enrico Fermi">Enrico Fermi</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Kuhn, Richard</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Kuhn" title="Richard Kuhn">Richard Kuhn</a></span></span><sup class="reference" id="ref_Note1Nota_3"><a href="#endnote_Note1Nota_3">[nota 3]</a></sup> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Heymans, Corneille</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Corneille_Heymans" title="Corneille Heymans">Corneille Heymans</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Buck, Pearl S.</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Pearl_S._Buck" title="Pearl S. Buck">Pearl S. Buck</a></span></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Comit%C3%AA_Internacional_Nansen_para_os_Refugiados" title="Comitê Internacional Nansen para os Refugiados">Comitê Internacional Nansen para os Refugiados</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="eeeeee">— </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">1939 </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Lawrence, Ernest</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Lawrence" title="Ernest Lawrence">Ernest Lawrence</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Butenandt, Adolf</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Butenandt" title="Adolf Butenandt">Adolf Butenandt</a></span></span>;<sup class="reference" id="ref_Note1Nota_3"><a href="#endnote_Note1Nota_3">[nota 3]</a></sup><br /><span style="display:none;">Ružička, Leopold</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Leopold_Ru%C5%BEi%C4%8Dka" title="Leopold Ružička">Leopold Ružička</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Domagk, Gerhard</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Domagk" title="Gerhard Domagk">Gerhard Domagk</a></span></span><sup class="reference" id="ref_Note1Nota_3"><a href="#endnote_Note1Nota_3">[nota 3]</a></sup> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Sillanpää, Frans Eemil</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Frans_Eemil_Sillanp%C3%A4%C3%A4" title="Frans Eemil Sillanpää">Frans Eemil Sillanpää</a></span></span> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="eeeeee"><i>Não foi atribuído</i> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="eeeeee">— </td></tr> <tr id="1940" style="text-align:center;"> <td>1940 </td> <td colspan="5" rowspan="3" align="center" bgcolor="eeeeee"><i>Cancelado devido à <a href="/wiki/Segunda_Guerra_Mundial" title="Segunda Guerra Mundial">Segunda Guerra Mundial</a></i> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="eeeeee">— </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td>1941 </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="eeeeee">— </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td>1942 </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="eeeeee">— </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">1943 </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Stern, Otto</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Otto_Stern" title="Otto Stern">Otto Stern</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Hevesy, George de</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/George_de_Hevesy" title="George de Hevesy">George de Hevesy</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Dam, Henrik</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Henrik_Dam" title="Henrik Dam">Henrik Dam</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Doisy, Edward Adelbert</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Adelbert_Doisy" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward Adelbert Doisy">Edward Adelbert Doisy</a></span></span> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="eeeeee"><i>Não foi atribuído</i> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="eeeeee"><i>Não foi atribuído</i> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="eeeeee">— </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">1944 </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Rabi, Isidor Isaac</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Isidor_Isaac_Rabi" title="Isidor Isaac Rabi">Isidor Isaac Rabi</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Hahn, Otto</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Otto_Hahn" title="Otto Hahn">Otto Hahn</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Erlanger, Joseph</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Erlanger" title="Joseph Erlanger">Joseph Erlanger</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Gasser, Herbert Spencer</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Spencer_Gasser" class="mw-redirect" title="Herbert Spencer Gasser">Herbert Spencer Gasser</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Jensen, Johannes Vilhelm</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Vilhelm_Jensen" title="Johannes Vilhelm Jensen">Johannes Vilhelm Jensen</a></span></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Comit%C3%A9_Internacional_da_Cruz_Vermelha" class="mw-redirect" title="Comité Internacional da Cruz Vermelha">Comité Internacional da Cruz Vermelha</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="eeeeee">— </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">1945 </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Pauli, Wolfgang</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Pauli" title="Wolfgang Pauli">Wolfgang Pauli</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Virtanen, Artturi Ilmari</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Artturi_Ilmari_Virtanen" title="Artturi Ilmari Virtanen">Artturi Ilmari Virtanen</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Fleming, Alexander</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Fleming" title="Alexander Fleming">Alexander Fleming</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Chain, Ernst Boris</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Boris_Chain" class="mw-redirect" title="Ernst Boris Chain">Ernst Boris Chain</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Florey, Howard</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Howard_Florey" title="Howard Florey">Howard Florey</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Mistral, Gabriela</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Gabriela_Mistral" title="Gabriela Mistral">Gabriela Mistral</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Hull, Cordell</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Cordell_Hull" title="Cordell Hull">Cordell Hull</a></span></span> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="eeeeee">— </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">1946 </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Bridgman, Percy Williams</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Percy_Williams_Bridgman" title="Percy Williams Bridgman">Percy Williams Bridgman</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Sumner, James B.</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/James_B._Sumner" class="mw-redirect" title="James B. Sumner">James B. Sumner</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Northrop, John Howard</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/John_Howard_Northrop" title="John Howard Northrop">John Howard Northrop</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Stanley, Wendell Meredith</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Wendell_Meredith_Stanley" title="Wendell Meredith Stanley">Wendell Meredith Stanley</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Muller, Hermann Joseph</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Joseph_Muller" class="mw-redirect" title="Hermann Joseph Muller">Hermann Joseph Muller</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Hesse, Hermann</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Hesse" title="Hermann Hesse">Hermann Hesse</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Balch, Emily Greene</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Emily_Greene_Balch" title="Emily Greene Balch">Emily Greene Balch</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Mott, John Raleigh</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/John_Raleigh_Mott" title="John Raleigh Mott">John Raleigh Mott</a></span></span> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="eeeeee">— </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">1947 </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Appleton, Edward Victor</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Victor_Appleton" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward Victor Appleton">Edward Victor Appleton</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Robinson, Robert</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Robinson" title="Robert Robinson">Robert Robinson</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Cori, Carl Ferdinand</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Carl_Ferdinand_Cori" title="Carl Ferdinand Cori">Carl Ferdinand Cori</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Cori, Gerty</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Gerty_Cori" title="Gerty Cori">Gerty Cori</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Houssay, Bernardo</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Bernardo_Houssay" title="Bernardo Houssay">Bernardo Houssay</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Gide, André</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Gide" title="André Gide">André Gide</a></span></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Conselho_da_Sociedade_dos_Amigos" class="mw-redirect" title="Conselho da Sociedade dos Amigos">Conselho da Sociedade dos Amigos</a>;<br /><a href="/wiki/Comit%C3%AA_Americano_da_Sociedade_dos_Amigos" class="mw-redirect" title="Comitê Americano da Sociedade dos Amigos">Comitê Americano da Sociedade dos Amigos</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="eeeeee">— </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">1948 </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Blackett, Patrick Maynard Stuart</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Maynard_Stuart_Blackett" title="Patrick Maynard Stuart Blackett">Patrick Maynard Stuart Blackett</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Tiselius, Arne</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Arne_Tiselius" title="Arne Tiselius">Arne Tiselius</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Müller, Paul Hermann</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Hermann_M%C3%BCller" title="Paul Hermann Müller">Paul Hermann Müller</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Eliot, T. S.</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/T._S._Eliot" title="T. S. Eliot">T. S. Eliot</a></span></span> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="eeeeee"><i>Não foi atribuído</i><sup class="reference" id="ref_Note1Nota_4"><a href="#endnote_Note1Nota_4">[nota 4]</a></sup> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="eeeeee">— </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">1949 </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Yukawa, Hideki</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Hideki_Yukawa" title="Hideki Yukawa">Hideki Yukawa</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Giauque, William</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/William_Giauque" class="mw-redirect" title="William Giauque">William Giauque</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Hess, Walter Rudolf</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Walter_Rudolf_Hess" title="Walter Rudolf Hess">Walter Rudolf Hess</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Moniz, António Egas</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_Egas_Moniz" title="António Egas Moniz">António Egas Moniz</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Faulkner, William</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/William_Faulkner" title="William Faulkner">William Faulkner</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Boyd Orr, John</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/John_Boyd_Orr" title="John Boyd Orr">John Boyd Orr</a></span></span> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="eeeeee">— </td></tr> <tr id="1950"> <td style="text-align:center;">1950 </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Powell, Cecil Frank</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Cecil_Frank_Powell" title="Cecil Frank Powell">Cecil Frank Powell</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Diels, Otto</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Otto_Diels" class="mw-redirect" title="Otto Diels">Otto Diels</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Alder, Kurt</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Kurt_Alder" title="Kurt Alder">Kurt Alder</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Hench, Philip Showalter</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Philip_Showalter_Hench" title="Philip Showalter Hench">Philip Showalter Hench</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Kendall, Edward Calvin</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Calvin_Kendall" title="Edward Calvin Kendall">Edward Calvin Kendall</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Reichstein, Tadeus</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Tadeus_Reichstein" class="mw-redirect" title="Tadeus Reichstein">Tadeus Reichstein</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Russell, Bertrand</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell">Bertrand Russell</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Bunche, Ralph Johnson</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Johnson_Bunche" title="Ralph Johnson Bunche">Ralph Johnson Bunche</a></span></span> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="eeeeee">— </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">1951 </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Cockcroft, John</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/John_Cockcroft" title="John Cockcroft">John Cockcroft</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Walton, Ernest</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Walton" title="Ernest Walton">Ernest Walton</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">McMillan, Edwin</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Edwin_McMillan" class="mw-redirect" title="Edwin McMillan">Edwin McMillan</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Seaborg, Glenn T.</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Glenn_T._Seaborg" class="mw-redirect" title="Glenn T. Seaborg">Glenn T. Seaborg</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Theiler, Max</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Max_Theiler" title="Max Theiler">Max Theiler</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Lagerkvist, Pär</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A4r_Lagerkvist" title="Pär Lagerkvist">Pär Lagerkvist</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Jouhaux, Léon</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Jouhaux" title="Léon Jouhaux">Léon Jouhaux</a></span></span> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="eeeeee">— </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">1952 </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Bloch, Felix</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Felix_Bloch" title="Felix Bloch">Felix Bloch</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Purcell, Edward Mills</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Mills_Purcell" title="Edward Mills Purcell">Edward Mills Purcell</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Martin, Archer John Porter</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Archer_John_Porter_Martin" title="Archer John Porter Martin">Archer John Porter Martin</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Synge, Richard Laurence Millington</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Laurence_Millington_Synge" title="Richard Laurence Millington Synge">Richard Laurence Millington Synge</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Waksman, Selman</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Selman_Waksman" title="Selman Waksman">Selman Waksman</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Mauriac, François</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Mauriac" title="François Mauriac">François Mauriac</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Schweitzer, Albert</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Albert_Schweitzer" title="Albert Schweitzer">Albert Schweitzer</a></span></span> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="eeeeee">— </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">1953 </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Zernike, Frits</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Frits_Zernike" title="Frits Zernike">Frits Zernike</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Staudinger, Hermann</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Staudinger" title="Hermann Staudinger">Hermann Staudinger</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Krebs, Hans Adolf</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Hans_Adolf_Krebs" class="mw-redirect" title="Hans Adolf Krebs">Hans Adolf Krebs</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Lipmann, Fritz Albert</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Fritz_Albert_Lipmann" title="Fritz Albert Lipmann">Fritz Albert Lipmann</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Churchill, Winston</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Marshall, George</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/George_Marshall" title="George Marshall">George Marshall</a></span></span> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="eeeeee">— </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">1954 </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Born, Max</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Max_Born" title="Max Born">Max Born</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Bothe, Walther</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Walther_Bothe" title="Walther Bothe">Walther Bothe</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Pauling, Linus</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Linus_Pauling" title="Linus Pauling">Linus Pauling</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Enders, John Franklin</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/John_Franklin_Enders" title="John Franklin Enders">John Franklin Enders</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Robbins, Frederick Chapman</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Chapman_Robbins" title="Frederick Chapman Robbins">Frederick Chapman Robbins</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Weller, Thomas Huckle</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Huckle_Weller" title="Thomas Huckle Weller">Thomas Huckle Weller</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Hemingway, Ernest</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Hemingway" title="Ernest Hemingway">Ernest Hemingway</a></span></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alto_Comissariado_das_Na%C3%A7%C3%B5es_Unidas_para_os_Refugiados" title="Alto Comissariado das Nações Unidas para os Refugiados">Alto Comissariado das Nações Unidas para os Refugiados</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="eeeeee">— </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">1955 </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Lamb, Willis</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Willis_Lamb" class="mw-redirect" title="Willis Lamb">Willis Lamb</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Kusch, Polykarp</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Polykarp_Kusch" title="Polykarp Kusch">Polykarp Kusch</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">du Vigneaud, Vincent</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Vincent_du_Vigneaud" title="Vincent du Vigneaud">Vincent du Vigneaud</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Theorell, Hugo</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Theorell" class="mw-redirect" title="Hugo Theorell">Hugo Theorell</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Laxness, Halldór</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Halld%C3%B3r_Laxness" title="Halldór Laxness">Halldór Laxness</a></span></span> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="eeeeee"><i>Não foi atribuído</i> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="eeeeee">— </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">1956 </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Bardeen, John</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/John_Bardeen" title="John Bardeen">John Bardeen</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Brattain, Walter Houser</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Walter_Houser_Brattain" title="Walter Houser Brattain">Walter Houser Brattain</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Shockley, William</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/William_Shockley" class="mw-redirect" title="William Shockley">William Shockley</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Hinshelwood, Cyril Norman</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Cyril_Norman_Hinshelwood" title="Cyril Norman Hinshelwood">Cyril Norman Hinshelwood</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Semyonov, Nikolay</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Nikolay_Semyonov" title="Nikolay Semyonov">Nikolay Semyonov</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Cournand, André Frédéric</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Cournand" class="mw-redirect" title="André Frédéric Cournand">André Frédéric Cournand</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Forßmann, Werner</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Werner_For%C3%9Fmann" title="Werner Forßmann">Werner Forßmann</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Richards, Dickinson W.</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Dickinson_W._Richards" class="mw-redirect" title="Dickinson W. Richards">Dickinson W. Richards</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Jiménez, Juan Ramón</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Juan_Ram%C3%B3n_Jim%C3%A9nez" title="Juan Ramón Jiménez">Juan Ramón Jiménez</a></span></span> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="eeeeee"><i>Não foi atribuído</i> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="eeeeee">— </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">1957 </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Yang, Chen Ning</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Chen_Ning_Yang" title="Chen Ning Yang">Chen Ning Yang</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Lee, Tsung-Dao</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Tsung-Dao_Lee" title="Tsung-Dao Lee">Tsung-Dao Lee</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Todd, The Lord</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_R._Todd,_Baron_Todd" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexander R. Todd, Baron Todd">The Lord Todd</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Bovet, Daniel</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Bovet" title="Daniel Bovet">Daniel Bovet</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Camus, Albert</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Albert_Camus" title="Albert Camus">Albert Camus</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Pearson, Lester B.</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Lester_B._Pearson" title="Lester B. Pearson">Lester B. Pearson</a></span></span> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="eeeeee">— </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">1958 </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Cherenkov, Pavel</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Pavel_Cherenkov" class="mw-redirect" title="Pavel Cherenkov">Pavel Cherenkov</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Frank, Illia</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Illia_Frank" class="mw-redirect" title="Illia Frank">Illia Frank</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Tamm, Igor</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Igor_Tamm" title="Igor Tamm">Igor Tamm</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Sanger, Frederick</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger">Frederick Sanger</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Beadle, George Wells</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/George_Wells_Beadle" class="mw-redirect" title="George Wells Beadle">George Wells Beadle</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Tatum, Edward Lawrie</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Lawrie_Tatum" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward Lawrie Tatum">Edward Lawrie Tatum</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Lederberg, Joshua</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Joshua_Lederberg" title="Joshua Lederberg">Joshua Lederberg</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Pasternak, Boris</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Boris_Pasternak" title="Boris Pasternak">Boris Pasternak</a></span></span><sup class="reference" id="ref_Note1Nota_5"><a href="#endnote_Note1Nota_5">[nota 5]</a></sup> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Pire, Dominique</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Dominique_Pire" title="Dominique Pire">Dominique Pire</a></span></span> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="eeeeee">— </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">1959 </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Segrè, Emilio G.</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Emilio_G._Segr%C3%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="Emilio G. Segrè">Emilio G. Segrè</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Chamberlain, Owen</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Owen_Chamberlain" title="Owen Chamberlain">Owen Chamberlain</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Heyrovský, Jaroslav</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Jaroslav_Heyrovsk%C3%BD" title="Jaroslav Heyrovský">Jaroslav Heyrovský</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Kornberg, Arthur</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Kornberg" title="Arthur Kornberg">Arthur Kornberg</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Ochoa, Severo</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Severo_Ochoa" title="Severo Ochoa">Severo Ochoa</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Quasimodo, Salvatore</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Salvatore_Quasimodo" title="Salvatore Quasimodo">Salvatore Quasimodo</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Noel-Baker, Philip</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Philip_Noel-Baker" title="Philip Noel-Baker">Philip Noel-Baker</a></span></span> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="eeeeee">— </td></tr> <tr id="1960"> <td style="text-align:center;">1960 </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Glaser, Donald A.</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Donald_A._Glaser" class="mw-redirect" title="Donald A. Glaser">Donald A. Glaser</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Libby, Willard</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Willard_Libby" class="mw-redirect" title="Willard Libby">Willard Libby</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Burnet, Frank Macfarlane</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Macfarlane_Burnet" class="mw-redirect" title="Frank Macfarlane Burnet">Frank Macfarlane Burnet</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Medawar, Peter</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Medawar" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter Medawar">Peter Medawar</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Perse, Saint-John</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Saint-John_Perse" title="Saint-John Perse">Saint-John Perse</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Lutuli, Albert</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Albert_Lutuli" title="Albert Lutuli">Albert Lutuli</a></span></span> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="eeeeee">— </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">1961 </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Hofstadter, Robert</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Hofstadter" title="Robert Hofstadter">Robert Hofstadter</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Mössbauer, Rudolf</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_M%C3%B6ssbauer" title="Rudolf Mössbauer">Rudolf Mössbauer</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Calvin, Melvin</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Melvin_Calvin" title="Melvin Calvin">Melvin Calvin</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">von Békésy, Georg</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Georg_von_B%C3%A9k%C3%A9sy" title="Georg von Békésy">Georg von Békésy</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Andrić, Ivo</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Ivo_Andri%C4%87" title="Ivo Andrić">Ivo Andrić</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Hammarskjöld, Dag</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Dag_Hammarskj%C3%B6ld" title="Dag Hammarskjöld">Dag Hammarskjöld</a></span></span> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="eeeeee">— </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">1962 </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Landau, Lev</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Lev_Landau" title="Lev Landau">Lev Landau</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Perutz, Max</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Max_Perutz" title="Max Perutz">Max Perutz</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Kendrew, John</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/John_Kendrew" title="John Kendrew">John Kendrew</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Crick, Francis</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Francis_Crick" title="Francis Crick">Francis Crick</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Watson, James D.</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/James_D._Watson" class="mw-redirect" title="James D. Watson">James D. Watson</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Wilkins, Maurice</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Wilkins" title="Maurice Wilkins">Maurice Wilkins</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Steinbeck, John</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/John_Steinbeck" title="John Steinbeck">John Steinbeck</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Pauling, Linus</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Linus_Pauling" title="Linus Pauling">Linus Pauling</a></span></span> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="eeeeee">— </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">1963 </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Wigner, Eugene</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Wigner" title="Eugene Wigner">Eugene Wigner</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Goeppert-Mayer, Maria</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Maria_Goeppert-Mayer" title="Maria Goeppert-Mayer">Maria Goeppert-Mayer</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Jensen, J. Hans D.</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/J._Hans_D._Jensen" class="mw-redirect" title="J. Hans D. Jensen">J. Hans D. Jensen</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Ziegler, Karl</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Karl_Ziegler" title="Karl Ziegler">Karl Ziegler</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Natta, Giulio</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Giulio_Natta" title="Giulio Natta">Giulio Natta</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Eccles, John</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/John_Eccles" title="John Eccles">John Eccles</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Hodgkin, Alan Lloyd</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Alan_Lloyd_Hodgkin" class="mw-redirect" title="Alan Lloyd Hodgkin">Alan Lloyd Hodgkin</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Huxley, Andrew</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Huxley" title="Andrew Huxley">Andrew Huxley</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Seferis, Giorgos</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Giorgos_Seferis" class="mw-redirect" title="Giorgos Seferis">Giorgos Seferis</a></span></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Comit%C3%A9_Internacional_da_Cruz_Vermelha" class="mw-redirect" title="Comité Internacional da Cruz Vermelha">Comité Internacional da Cruz Vermelha</a>;<br /><a href="/wiki/Federa%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Internacional_das_Sociedades_da_Cruz_Vermelha_e_do_Crescente_Vermelho" title="Federação Internacional das Sociedades da Cruz Vermelha e do Crescente Vermelho">Liga das sociedades de Cruz Vermelha</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="eeeeee">— </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">1964 </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Townes, Charles Hard</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Hard_Townes" title="Charles Hard Townes">Charles Hard Townes</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Basov, Nicolay</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Nicolay_Basov" title="Nicolay Basov">Nicolay Basov</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Prokhorov, Aleksandr</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Prokhorov" title="Aleksandr Prokhorov">Aleksandr Prokhorov</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Hodgkin, Dorothy Crowfoot</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Crowfoot_Hodgkin" class="mw-redirect" title="Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin">Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Bloch, Konrad Emil</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Konrad_Emil_Bloch" class="mw-redirect" title="Konrad Emil Bloch">Konrad Emil Bloch</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Lynen, Feodor Felix Konrad</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Feodor_Felix_Konrad_Lynen" class="mw-redirect" title="Feodor Felix Konrad Lynen">Feodor Felix Konrad Lynen</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Sartre, Jean-Paul</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Paul_Sartre" title="Jean-Paul Sartre">Jean-Paul Sartre</a></span></span><sup class="reference" id="ref_Note1Nota_6"><a href="#endnote_Note1Nota_6">[nota 6]</a></sup> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">King, Jr., Martin Luther</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Martin Luther King, Jr.">Martin Luther King, Jr.</a></span></span> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="eeeeee">— </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">1965 </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Tomonaga, Sin-Itiro</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Sin-Itiro_Tomonaga" class="mw-redirect" title="Sin-Itiro Tomonaga">Sin-Itiro Tomonaga</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Schwinger, Julian</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Julian_Schwinger" title="Julian Schwinger">Julian Schwinger</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Feynman, Richard</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Feynman" title="Richard Feynman">Richard Feynman</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Woodward, Robert Burns</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Burns_Woodward" title="Robert Burns Woodward">Robert Burns Woodward</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Jacob, François</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Jacob" title="François Jacob">François Jacob</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Lwoff, André Michel</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Michel_Lwoff" title="André Michel Lwoff">André Michel Lwoff</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Monod, Jacques</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Monod" title="Jacques Monod">Jacques Monod</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Sholokhov, Mikhail</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Sholokhov" title="Mikhail Sholokhov">Mikhail Sholokhov</a></span></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fundo_das_Na%C3%A7%C3%B5es_Unidas_para_a_Inf%C3%A2ncia" title="Fundo das Nações Unidas para a Infância">Fundo das Nações Unidas para a Infância (UNICEF)</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="eeeeee">— </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">1966 </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Kastler, Alfred</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Kastler" title="Alfred Kastler">Alfred Kastler</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Mulliken, Robert S.</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Robert_S._Mulliken" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert S. Mulliken">Robert S. Mulliken</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Rous, Francis Peyton</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Francis_Peyton_Rous" class="mw-redirect" title="Francis Peyton Rous">Francis Peyton Rous</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Huggins, Charles Brenton</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Brenton_Huggins" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Brenton Huggins">Charles Brenton Huggins</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Agnon, Shmuel Yosef</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Shmuel_Yosef_Agnon" title="Shmuel Yosef Agnon">Shmuel Yosef Agnon</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Sachs, Nelly</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Nelly_Sachs" title="Nelly Sachs">Nelly Sachs</a></span></span> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="eeeeee"><i>Não foi atribuído</i> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="eeeeee">— </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">1967 </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Bethe, Hans</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Hans_Bethe" title="Hans Bethe">Hans Bethe</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Eigen, Manfred</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Manfred_Eigen" title="Manfred Eigen">Manfred Eigen</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Norrish, Ronald George Wreyford</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Ronald_George_Wreyford_Norrish" class="mw-redirect" title="Ronald George Wreyford Norrish">Ronald George Wreyford Norrish</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Porter, George</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/George_Porter" title="George Porter">George Porter</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Granit, Ragnar</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Ragnar_Granit" title="Ragnar Granit">Ragnar Granit</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Hartline, Haldan Keffer</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Haldan_Keffer_Hartline" class="mw-redirect" title="Haldan Keffer Hartline">Haldan Keffer Hartline</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Wald, George</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/George_Wald" title="George Wald">George Wald</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Asturias, Miguel Ángel</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Miguel_%C3%81ngel_Asturias" title="Miguel Ángel Asturias">Miguel Ángel Asturias</a></span></span> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="eeeeee"><i>Não foi atribuído</i> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="eeeeee">— </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">1968 </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Alvarez, Luis Walter</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Luis_Walter_Alvarez" title="Luis Walter Alvarez">Luis Walter Alvarez</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Onsager, Lars</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Lars_Onsager" title="Lars Onsager">Lars Onsager</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Holley, Robert W.</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Robert_W._Holley" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert W. Holley">Robert W. Holley</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Khorana, Har Gobind</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Har_Gobind_Khorana" class="mw-redirect" title="Har Gobind Khorana">Har Gobind Khorana</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Nirenberg, Marshall Warren</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Warren_Nirenberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Marshall Warren Nirenberg">Marshall Warren Nirenberg</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Kawabata, Yasunari</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Yasunari_Kawabata" title="Yasunari Kawabata">Yasunari Kawabata</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Cassin, René</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Cassin" title="René Cassin">René Cassin</a></span></span> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="eeeeee">— </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">1969 </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Gell-Mann, Murray</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Murray_Gell-Mann" title="Murray Gell-Mann">Murray Gell-Mann</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Barton, Derek</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Derek_Barton" title="Derek Barton">Derek Barton</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Hassel, Odd</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Odd_Hassel" title="Odd Hassel">Odd Hassel</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Delbrück, Max</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Max_Delbr%C3%BCck" title="Max Delbrück">Max Delbrück</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Hershey, Alfred</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hershey" title="Alfred Hershey">Alfred Hershey</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Luria, Salvador</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Salvador_Luria" title="Salvador Luria">Salvador Luria</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Beckett, Samuel</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Beckett" title="Samuel Beckett">Samuel Beckett</a></span></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/International_Labour_Organization" class="mw-redirect" title="International Labour Organization">International Labour Organization</a> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Frisch, Ragnar</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Ragnar_Frisch" class="mw-redirect" title="Ragnar Frisch">Ragnar Frisch</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Tinbergen, Jan</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Jan_Tinbergen" title="Jan Tinbergen">Jan Tinbergen</a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr id="1970"> <td style="text-align:center;">1970 </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Alfvén, Hannes</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Hannes_Alfv%C3%A9n" title="Hannes Alfvén">Hannes Alfvén</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Néel, Louis</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Louis_N%C3%A9el" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis Néel">Louis Néel</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Leloir, Luis Federico</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Luis_Federico_Leloir" title="Luis Federico Leloir">Luis Federico Leloir</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Axelrod, Julius</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Julius_Axelrod" title="Julius Axelrod">Julius Axelrod</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">von Euler, Ulf</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Ulf_von_Euler" class="mw-redirect" title="Ulf von Euler">Ulf von Euler</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Katz, Bernard</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Katz" title="Bernard Katz">Bernard Katz</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Solzhenitsyn, Aleksandr</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Solzhenitsyn" class="mw-redirect" title="Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn">Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Borlaug, Norman</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Norman_Borlaug" title="Norman Borlaug">Norman Borlaug</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Samuelson, Paul</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Samuelson" title="Paul Samuelson">Paul Samuelson</a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">1971 </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Gabor, Dennis</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Gabor" title="Dennis Gabor">Dennis Gabor</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Herzberg, Gerhard</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Herzberg" title="Gerhard Herzberg">Gerhard Herzberg</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Sutherland, Jr., Earl Wilbur</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Earl_Wilbur_Sutherland,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Earl Wilbur Sutherland, Jr.">Earl Wilbur Sutherland, Jr.</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Neruda, Pablo</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Pablo_Neruda" title="Pablo Neruda">Pablo Neruda</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Brandt, Willy</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Willy_Brandt" title="Willy Brandt">Willy Brandt</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Kuznets, Simon</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Simon_Kuznets" title="Simon Kuznets">Simon Kuznets</a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">1972 </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Bardeen, John</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/John_Bardeen" title="John Bardeen">John Bardeen</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Cooper, Leon</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Leon_Cooper" class="mw-redirect" title="Leon Cooper">Leon Cooper</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Schrieffer, John Robert</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/John_Robert_Schrieffer" title="John Robert Schrieffer">John Robert Schrieffer</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Anfinsen, Christian B.</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Christian_B._Anfinsen" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian B. Anfinsen">Christian B. Anfinsen</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Moore, Stanford</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Stanford_Moore" title="Stanford Moore">Stanford Moore</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Stein, William Howard</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/William_Howard_Stein" title="William Howard Stein">William Howard Stein</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Edelman, Gerald</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Edelman" title="Gerald Edelman">Gerald Edelman</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Porter, Rodney Robert</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Rodney_Robert_Porter" class="mw-redirect" title="Rodney Robert Porter">Rodney Robert Porter</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Böll, Heinrich</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll" title="Heinrich Böll">Heinrich Böll</a></span></span> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="eeeeee"><i>Não foi atribuído</i> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Hicks, John</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/John_Hicks" class="mw-redirect" title="John Hicks">John Hicks</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Arrow, Kenneth</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Arrow" title="Kenneth Arrow">Kenneth Arrow</a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">1973 </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Esaki, Leo</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Leo_Esaki" title="Leo Esaki">Leo Esaki</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Giaever, Ivar</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Ivar_Giaever" title="Ivar Giaever">Ivar Giaever</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Josephson, Brian David</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Brian_David_Josephson" class="mw-redirect" title="Brian David Josephson">Brian David Josephson</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Fischer, Ernst Otto</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Otto_Fischer" title="Ernst Otto Fischer">Ernst Otto Fischer</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Wilkinson, Geoffrey</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Wilkinson" title="Geoffrey Wilkinson">Geoffrey Wilkinson</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">von Frisch, Karl</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Karl_von_Frisch" title="Karl von Frisch">Karl von Frisch</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Lorenz, Konrad</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Konrad_Lorenz" title="Konrad Lorenz">Konrad Lorenz</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Tinbergen, Nikolaas</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Nikolaas_Tinbergen" title="Nikolaas Tinbergen">Nikolaas Tinbergen</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">White, Patrick</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Patrick_White" title="Patrick White">Patrick White</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Kissinger, Henry</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Kissinger" title="Henry Kissinger">Henry Kissinger</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Duc Tho, Le</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Le_Duc_Tho" class="mw-redirect" title="Le Duc Tho">Le Duc Tho</a></span></span><sup class="reference" id="ref_Note1Nota_7"><a href="#endnote_Note1Nota_7">[nota 7]</a></sup> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Leontief, Wassily</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Wassily_Leontief" title="Wassily Leontief">Wassily Leontief</a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">1974 </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Ryle, Martin</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Ryle" title="Martin Ryle">Martin Ryle</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Hewish, Antony</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Antony_Hewish" title="Antony Hewish">Antony Hewish</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Flory, Paul John</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Paul_John_Flory" title="Paul John Flory">Paul John Flory</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Claude, Albert</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Albert_Claude" title="Albert Claude">Albert Claude</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">de Duve, Christian</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Christian_de_Duve" title="Christian de Duve">Christian de Duve</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Palade, George Emil</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/George_Emil_Palade" class="mw-redirect" title="George Emil Palade">George Emil Palade</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Johnson, Eyvind</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Eyvind_Johnson" title="Eyvind Johnson">Eyvind Johnson</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Martinson, Harry</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Harry_Martinson" title="Harry Martinson">Harry Martinson</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">MacBride, Seán</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_MacBride" title="Seán MacBride">Seán MacBride</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Satō, Eisaku</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Eisaku_Sat%C5%8D" title="Eisaku Satō">Eisaku Satō</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Myrdal, Gunnar</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Gunnar_Myrdal" title="Gunnar Myrdal">Gunnar Myrdal</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Hayek, Friedrich</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Hayek" title="Friedrich Hayek">Friedrich Hayek</a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">1975 </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Bohr, Aage</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Aage_Bohr" class="mw-redirect" title="Aage Bohr">Aage Bohr</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Mottelson, Ben Roy</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Ben_Roy_Mottelson" title="Ben Roy Mottelson">Ben Roy Mottelson</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Rainwater, James</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/James_Rainwater" class="mw-redirect" title="James Rainwater">James Rainwater</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Cornforth, John</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/John_Cornforth" title="John Cornforth">John Cornforth</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Prelog, Vladimir</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Prelog" title="Vladimir Prelog">Vladimir Prelog</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Baltimore, David</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/David_Baltimore" title="David Baltimore">David Baltimore</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Dulbecco, Renato</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Renato_Dulbecco" title="Renato Dulbecco">Renato Dulbecco</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Temin, Howard Martin</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Howard_Martin_Temin" title="Howard Martin Temin">Howard Martin Temin</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Montale, Eugenio</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Eugenio_Montale" title="Eugenio Montale">Eugenio Montale</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Sakharov, Andrei</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Andrei_Sakharov" title="Andrei Sakharov">Andrei Sakharov</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Kantorovich, Leonid</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Leonid_Kantorovich" title="Leonid Kantorovich">Leonid Kantorovich</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Koopmans, Tjalling</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Tjalling_Koopmans" title="Tjalling Koopmans">Tjalling Koopmans</a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">1976 </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Richter, Burton</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Burton_Richter" title="Burton Richter">Burton Richter</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Ting, Samuel C. C.</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Samuel_C._C._Ting" class="mw-redirect" title="Samuel C. C. Ting">Samuel C. C. Ting</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Lipscomb, William</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/William_Lipscomb" title="William Lipscomb">William Lipscomb</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Blumberg, Baruch Samuel</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Baruch_Samuel_Blumberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Baruch Samuel Blumberg">Baruch Samuel Blumberg</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Gajdusek, Daniel Carleton</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Carleton_Gajdusek" title="Daniel Carleton Gajdusek">Daniel Carleton Gajdusek</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Bellow, Saul</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Saul_Bellow" title="Saul Bellow">Saul Bellow</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Williams, Betty</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Betty_Williams" title="Betty Williams">Betty Williams</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Corrigan, Mairead</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Mairead_Corrigan" title="Mairead Corrigan">Mairead Corrigan</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Friedman, Milton</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Milton_Friedman" title="Milton Friedman">Milton Friedman</a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">1977 </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Anderson, Philip Warren</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Philip_Warren_Anderson" title="Philip Warren Anderson">Philip Warren Anderson</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Mott, Nevill Francis</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Nevill_Francis_Mott" title="Nevill Francis Mott">Nevill Francis Mott</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Van Vleck, John Hasbrouck</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/John_Hasbrouck_Van_Vleck" title="John Hasbrouck Van Vleck">John Hasbrouck Van Vleck</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Prigogine, Ilya</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Ilya_Prigogine" title="Ilya Prigogine">Ilya Prigogine</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Guillemin, Roger</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Roger_Guillemin" title="Roger Guillemin">Roger Guillemin</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Schally, Andrzej</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Andrzej_Schally" title="Andrzej Schally">Andrzej Schally</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Yalow, Rosalyn Sussman</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Rosalyn_Sussman_Yalow" class="mw-redirect" title="Rosalyn Sussman Yalow">Rosalyn Sussman Yalow</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Aleixandre, Vicente</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Vicente_Aleixandre" title="Vicente Aleixandre">Vicente Aleixandre</a></span></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Ohlin, Bertil</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Bertil_Ohlin" title="Bertil Ohlin">Bertil Ohlin</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Meade, James</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/James_Meade" class="mw-redirect" title="James Meade">James Meade</a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">1978 </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Kapitsa, Pyotr</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Kapitsa" title="Pyotr Kapitsa">Pyotr Kapitsa</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Penzias, Arno Allan</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Arno_Allan_Penzias" title="Arno Allan Penzias">Arno Allan Penzias</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Wilson, Robert Woodrow</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Woodrow_Wilson" title="Robert Woodrow Wilson">Robert Woodrow Wilson</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Mitchell, Peter D.</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Peter_D._Mitchell" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter D. Mitchell">Peter D. Mitchell</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Arber, Werner</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Werner_Arber" title="Werner Arber">Werner Arber</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Nathans, Daniel</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Nathans" title="Daniel Nathans">Daniel Nathans</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Smith, Hamilton O.</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Hamilton_O._Smith" class="mw-redirect" title="Hamilton O. Smith">Hamilton O. Smith</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Singer, Isaac Bashevis</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Bashevis_Singer" title="Isaac Bashevis Singer">Isaac Bashevis Singer</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Sadat, Anwar</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Anwar_Sadat" class="mw-redirect" title="Anwar Sadat">Anwar Sadat</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Begin, Menachem</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Menachem_Begin" title="Menachem Begin">Menachem Begin</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Simon, Herbert A.</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Herbert_A._Simon" class="mw-redirect" title="Herbert A. Simon">Herbert A. Simon</a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">1979 </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Glashow, Sheldon Lee</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Sheldon_Lee_Glashow" title="Sheldon Lee Glashow">Sheldon Lee Glashow</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Salam, Abdus</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Abdus_Salam" title="Abdus Salam">Abdus Salam</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Weinberg, Steven</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Steven_Weinberg" title="Steven Weinberg">Steven Weinberg</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Brown, Herbert C.</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Herbert_C._Brown" class="mw-redirect" title="Herbert C. Brown">Herbert C. Brown</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Wittig, Georg</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Georg_Wittig" title="Georg Wittig">Georg Wittig</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Cormack, Allan McLeod</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Allan_McLeod_Cormack" class="mw-redirect" title="Allan McLeod Cormack">Allan McLeod Cormack</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Hounsfield, Godfrey</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Godfrey_Hounsfield" title="Godfrey Hounsfield">Godfrey Hounsfield</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Elytis, Odysseas</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Odysseas_Elytis" class="mw-redirect" title="Odysseas Elytis">Odysseas Elytis</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Teresa de Calcutá, Madre</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Madre_Teresa_de_Calcut%C3%A1" title="Madre Teresa de Calcutá">Madre Teresa de Calcutá</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Schultz, Theodore</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Schultz" title="Theodore Schultz">Theodore Schultz</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Lewis, William Arthur</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/William_Arthur_Lewis" title="William Arthur Lewis">William Arthur Lewis</a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr id="1980"> <td style="text-align:center;">1980 </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Cronin, James</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/James_Cronin" class="mw-redirect" title="James Cronin">James Cronin</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Fitch, Val Logsdon</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Val_Logsdon_Fitch" title="Val Logsdon Fitch">Val Logsdon Fitch</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Berg, Paul</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Berg" title="Paul Berg">Paul Berg</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Gilbert, Walter</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Walter_Gilbert" title="Walter Gilbert">Walter Gilbert</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Sanger, Frederick</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger">Frederick Sanger</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Benacerraf, Baruj</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Baruj_Benacerraf" title="Baruj Benacerraf">Baruj Benacerraf</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Dausset, Jean</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Jean_Dausset" title="Jean Dausset">Jean Dausset</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Snell, George Davis</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/George_Davis_Snell" title="George Davis Snell">George Davis Snell</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Miłosz, Czesław</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Czes%C5%82aw_Mi%C5%82osz" title="Czesław Miłosz">Czesław Miłosz</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Esquivel, Adolfo Pérez</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Adolfo_P%C3%A9rez_Esquivel" title="Adolfo Pérez Esquivel">Adolfo Pérez Esquivel</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Klein, Lawrence</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Klein" class="mw-redirect" title="Lawrence Klein">Lawrence Klein</a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">1981 </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Bloembergen, Nicolaas</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Nicolaas_Bloembergen" title="Nicolaas Bloembergen">Nicolaas Bloembergen</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Schawlow, Arthur</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Schawlow" title="Arthur Schawlow">Arthur Schawlow</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Siegbahn, Kai</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Kai_Siegbahn" title="Kai Siegbahn">Kai Siegbahn</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Fukui, Kenichi</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Kenichi_Fukui" class="mw-redirect" title="Kenichi Fukui">Kenichi Fukui</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Hoffmann, Roald</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Roald_Hoffmann" title="Roald Hoffmann">Roald Hoffmann</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Sperry, Roger Wolcott</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Roger_Wolcott_Sperry" class="mw-redirect" title="Roger Wolcott Sperry">Roger Wolcott Sperry</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Hubel, David H.</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/David_H._Hubel" class="mw-redirect" title="David H. Hubel">David H. Hubel</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Wiesel, Torsten</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Torsten_Wiesel" title="Torsten Wiesel">Torsten Wiesel</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Canetti, Elias</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Elias_Canetti" title="Elias Canetti">Elias Canetti</a></span></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alto_Comissariado_das_Na%C3%A7%C3%B5es_Unidas_para_os_Refugiados" title="Alto Comissariado das Nações Unidas para os Refugiados">Alto Comissariado das Nações Unidas para os Refugiados</a> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Tobin, James</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/James_Tobin" title="James Tobin">James Tobin</a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">1982 </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Wilson, Kenneth G.</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_G._Wilson" class="mw-redirect" title="Kenneth G. Wilson">Kenneth G. Wilson</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Klug, Aaron</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Aaron_Klug" title="Aaron Klug">Aaron Klug</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Bergström, Sune</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Sune_Bergstr%C3%B6m" title="Sune Bergström">Sune Bergström</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Samuelsson, Bengt I.</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Bengt_I._Samuelsson" class="mw-redirect" title="Bengt I. Samuelsson">Bengt I. Samuelsson</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Vane, John</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/John_Vane" title="John Vane">John Vane</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Márquez, Gabriel García</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Garc%C3%ADa_M%C3%A1rquez" title="Gabriel García Márquez">Gabriel García Márquez</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Myrdal, Alva</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Alva_Myrdal" title="Alva Myrdal">Alva Myrdal</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Robles, Alfonso García</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_Garc%C3%ADa_Robles" title="Alfonso García Robles">Alfonso García Robles</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Stigler, George</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/George_Stigler" class="mw-redirect" title="George Stigler">George Stigler</a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">1983 </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Chandrasekhar, Subrahmanyan</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Subrahmanyan_Chandrasekhar" title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar">Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Fowler, William Alfred</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/William_Alfred_Fowler" title="William Alfred Fowler">William Alfred Fowler</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Taube, Henry</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Taube" title="Henry Taube">Henry Taube</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">McClintock, Barbara</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Barbara_McClintock" title="Barbara McClintock">Barbara McClintock</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Golding, William</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/William_Golding" title="William Golding">William Golding</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Wałęsa, Lech</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Lech_Wa%C5%82%C4%99sa" title="Lech Wałęsa">Lech Wałęsa</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Debreu, Gérard</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Debreu" title="Gérard Debreu">Gérard Debreu</a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">1984 </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Rubbia, Carlo</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Carlo_Rubbia" title="Carlo Rubbia">Carlo Rubbia</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">van der Meer, Simon</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Simon_van_der_Meer" title="Simon van der Meer">Simon van der Meer</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Merrifield, Robert Bruce</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bruce_Merrifield" title="Robert Bruce Merrifield">Robert Bruce Merrifield</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Jerne, Niels Kaj</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Niels_Kaj_Jerne" class="mw-redirect" title="Niels Kaj Jerne">Niels Kaj Jerne</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Köhler, Georges</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Georges_K%C3%B6hler" title="Georges Köhler">Georges Köhler</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Milstein, César</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Milstein" title="César Milstein">César Milstein</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Seifert, Jaroslav</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Jaroslav_Seifert" title="Jaroslav Seifert">Jaroslav Seifert</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Tutu, Desmond</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Desmond_Tutu" title="Desmond Tutu">Desmond Tutu</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Stone, Richard</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Stone" title="Richard Stone">Richard Stone</a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">1985 </td> <td><span style="display:none;">von Klitzing, Klaus</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Klaus_von_Klitzing" title="Klaus von Klitzing">Klaus von Klitzing</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Hauptman, Herbert A.</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Herbert_A._Hauptman" class="mw-redirect" title="Herbert A. Hauptman">Herbert A. Hauptman</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Karle, Jerome</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Jerome_Karle" title="Jerome Karle">Jerome Karle</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Brown, Michael Stuart</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Stuart_Brown" title="Michael Stuart Brown">Michael Stuart Brown</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Goldstein, Joseph L.</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_L._Goldstein" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph L. Goldstein">Joseph L. Goldstein</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Simon, Claude</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Claude_Simon" title="Claude Simon">Claude Simon</a></span></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9dicos_Internacionais_para_a_Preven%C3%A7%C3%A3o_da_Guerra_Nuclear" title="Médicos Internacionais para a Prevenção da Guerra Nuclear">Médicos Internacionais para a Prevenção da Guerra Nuclear</a> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Modigliani, Franco</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Franco_Modigliani" title="Franco Modigliani">Franco Modigliani</a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">1986 </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Ruska, Ernst</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Ruska" title="Ernst Ruska">Ernst Ruska</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Binnig, Gerd</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Gerd_Binnig" title="Gerd Binnig">Gerd Binnig</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Rohrer, Heinrich</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Rohrer" title="Heinrich Rohrer">Heinrich Rohrer</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Herschbach, Dudley R.</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Dudley_R._Herschbach" class="mw-redirect" title="Dudley R. Herschbach">Dudley R. Herschbach</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Lee, Yuan T.</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Yuan_T._Lee" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuan T. Lee">Yuan T. Lee</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Polanyi, John Charles</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/John_Charles_Polanyi" title="John Charles Polanyi">John Charles Polanyi</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Cohen, Stanley</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Cohen" title="Stanley Cohen">Stanley Cohen</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Levi-Montalcini, Rita</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Rita_Levi-Montalcini" title="Rita Levi-Montalcini">Rita Levi-Montalcini</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Soyinka, Wole</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Wole_Soyinka" title="Wole Soyinka">Wole Soyinka</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Wiesel, Elie</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Elie_Wiesel" title="Elie Wiesel">Elie Wiesel</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Buchanan, James M.</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/James_M._Buchanan" class="mw-redirect" title="James M. Buchanan">James M. Buchanan</a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">1987 </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Bednorz, Johannes Georg</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Georg_Bednorz" title="Johannes Georg Bednorz">Johannes Georg Bednorz</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Müller, Karl Alexander</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Karl_Alexander_M%C3%BCller" title="Karl Alexander Müller">Karl Alexander Müller</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Cram, Donald J.</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Donald_J._Cram" class="mw-redirect" title="Donald J. Cram">Donald J. Cram</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Lehn, Jean-Marie</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Marie_Lehn" title="Jean-Marie Lehn">Jean-Marie Lehn</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Pedersen, Charles J.</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Charles_J._Pedersen" title="Charles J. Pedersen">Charles J. Pedersen</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Tonegawa, Susumu</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Susumu_Tonegawa" title="Susumu Tonegawa">Susumu Tonegawa</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Brodsky, Joseph</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Brodsky" title="Joseph Brodsky">Joseph Brodsky</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Arias, Óscar</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%C3%93scar_Arias" title="Óscar Arias">Óscar Arias</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Solow, Robert</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Solow" title="Robert Solow">Robert Solow</a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">1988 </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Lederman, Leon M.</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Leon_M._Lederman" class="mw-redirect" title="Leon M. Lederman">Leon M. Lederman</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Schwartz, Melvin</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Melvin_Schwartz" title="Melvin Schwartz">Melvin Schwartz</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Steinberger, Jack</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Jack_Steinberger" title="Jack Steinberger">Jack Steinberger</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Deisenhofer, Johann</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Johann_Deisenhofer" title="Johann Deisenhofer">Johann Deisenhofer</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Huber, Robert</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Huber" title="Robert Huber">Robert Huber</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Michel, Hartmut</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Hartmut_Michel" title="Hartmut Michel">Hartmut Michel</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Black, James W.</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/James_W._Black" class="mw-redirect" title="James W. Black">James W. Black</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Elion, Gertrude B.</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Gertrude_B._Elion" class="mw-redirect" title="Gertrude B. Elion">Gertrude B. Elion</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Hitchings, George H.</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/George_H._Hitchings" class="mw-redirect" title="George H. Hitchings">George H. Hitchings</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Mahfouz, Naguib</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Naguib_Mahfouz" title="Naguib Mahfouz">Naguib Mahfouz</a></span></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/For%C3%A7as_de_manuten%C3%A7%C3%A3o_da_paz_das_Na%C3%A7%C3%B5es_Unidas" title="Forças de manutenção da paz das Nações Unidas">Forças de paz da ONU</a> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Allais, Maurice</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Allais" title="Maurice Allais">Maurice Allais</a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">1989 </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Ramsey, Norman Foster</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Norman_Foster_Ramsey" title="Norman Foster Ramsey">Norman Foster Ramsey</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Dehmelt, Hans Georg</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Hans_Georg_Dehmelt" title="Hans Georg Dehmelt">Hans Georg Dehmelt</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Paul, Wolfgang</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Paul" title="Wolfgang Paul">Wolfgang Paul</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Altman, Sidney</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Altman" title="Sidney Altman">Sidney Altman</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Cech, Thomas</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cech" title="Thomas Cech">Thomas Cech</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Bishop, J. Michael</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/J._Michael_Bishop" class="mw-redirect" title="J. Michael Bishop">J. Michael Bishop</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Varmus, Harold E.</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Harold_E._Varmus" class="mw-redirect" title="Harold E. Varmus">Harold E. Varmus</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Cela, Camilo José</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Camilo_Jos%C3%A9_Cela" title="Camilo José Cela">Camilo José Cela</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Gyatso, Tenzin</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Tenzin_Gyatso" title="Tenzin Gyatso">Tenzin Gyatso</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Haavelmo, Trygve</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Trygve_Haavelmo" class="mw-redirect" title="Trygve Haavelmo">Trygve Haavelmo</a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr id="1990"> <td style="text-align:center;">1990 </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Friedman, Jerome Isaac</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Jerome_Isaac_Friedman" title="Jerome Isaac Friedman">Jerome Isaac Friedman</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Kendall, Henry Way</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Way_Kendall" title="Henry Way Kendall">Henry Way Kendall</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Taylor, Richard E.</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Richard_E._Taylor" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard E. Taylor">Richard E. Taylor</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Corey, Elias James</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Elias_James_Corey" title="Elias James Corey">Elias James Corey</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Murray, Joseph</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Murray" title="Joseph Murray">Joseph Murray</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Thomas, E. Donnall</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/E._Donnall_Thomas" class="mw-redirect" title="E. Donnall Thomas">E. Donnall Thomas</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Paz, Octavio</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Octavio_Paz" title="Octavio Paz">Octavio Paz</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Gorbachev, Mikhail</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev" class="mw-redirect" title="Mikhail Gorbachev">Mikhail Gorbachev</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Markowitz, Harry</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Harry_Markowitz" title="Harry Markowitz">Harry Markowitz</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Miller, Merton</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Merton_Miller" class="mw-redirect" title="Merton Miller">Merton Miller</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Sharpe, William Forsyth</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/William_Forsyth_Sharpe" title="William Forsyth Sharpe">William Forsyth Sharpe</a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">1991 </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Gennes, Pierre-Gilles de</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Gilles_de_Gennes" title="Pierre-Gilles de Gennes">Pierre-Gilles de Gennes</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Ernst, Richard R.</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Richard_R._Ernst" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard R. Ernst">Richard R. Ernst</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Neher, Erwin</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Erwin_Neher" title="Erwin Neher">Erwin Neher</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Sakmann, Bert</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Bert_Sakmann" title="Bert Sakmann">Bert Sakmann</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Gordimer, Nadine</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Nadine_Gordimer" title="Nadine Gordimer">Nadine Gordimer</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Suu Kyi, Aung San</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Aung_San_Suu_Kyi" title="Aung San Suu Kyi">Aung San Suu Kyi</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Coase, Ronald</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Coase" title="Ronald Coase">Ronald Coase</a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">1992 </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Charpak, Georges</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Georges_Charpak" title="Georges Charpak">Georges Charpak</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Marcus, Rudolph A.</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Rudolph_A._Marcus" class="mw-redirect" title="Rudolph A. Marcus">Rudolph A. Marcus</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Fischer, Edmond H.</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Edmond_H._Fischer" class="mw-redirect" title="Edmond H. Fischer">Edmond H. Fischer</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Krebs, Edwin G.</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Edwin_G._Krebs" class="mw-redirect" title="Edwin G. Krebs">Edwin G. Krebs</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Walcott, Derek</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Derek_Walcott" title="Derek Walcott">Derek Walcott</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Menchú, Rigoberta</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Rigoberta_Mench%C3%BA" title="Rigoberta Menchú">Rigoberta Menchú</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Becker, Gary</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Gary_Becker" title="Gary Becker">Gary Becker</a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">1993 </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Hulse, Russell Alan</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Russell_Alan_Hulse" title="Russell Alan Hulse">Russell Alan Hulse</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Taylor, Joseph Hooton</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Hooton_Taylor" title="Joseph Hooton Taylor">Joseph Hooton Taylor</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Mullis, Kary</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Kary_Mullis" title="Kary Mullis">Kary Mullis</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Smith, Michael</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Smith" title="Michael Smith">Michael Smith</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Roberts, Richard J.</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Richard_J._Roberts" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard J. Roberts">Richard J. Roberts</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Sharp, Phillip Allen</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Phillip_Allen_Sharp" title="Phillip Allen Sharp">Phillip Allen Sharp</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Morrison, Toni</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Toni_Morrison" title="Toni Morrison">Toni Morrison</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Mandela, Nelson</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela" title="Nelson Mandela">Nelson Mandela</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">de Klerk, F. W.</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/F._W._de_Klerk" class="mw-redirect" title="F. W. de Klerk">F. W. de Klerk</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Fogel, Robert</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Fogel" title="Robert Fogel">Robert Fogel</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">North, Douglass</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Douglass_North" title="Douglass North">Douglass North</a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">1994 </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Brockhouse, Bertram</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Bertram_Brockhouse" class="mw-redirect" title="Bertram Brockhouse">Bertram Brockhouse</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Shull, Clifford</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Clifford_Shull" class="mw-redirect" title="Clifford Shull">Clifford Shull</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Olah, George Andrew</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/George_Andrew_Olah" title="George Andrew Olah">George Andrew Olah</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Gilman, Alfred G.</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Alfred_G._Gilman" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfred G. Gilman">Alfred G. Gilman</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Rodbell, Martin</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Rodbell" title="Martin Rodbell">Martin Rodbell</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Ōe, Kenzaburō</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Kenzabur%C5%8D_%C5%8Ce" class="mw-redirect" title="Kenzaburō Ōe">Kenzaburō Ōe</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Arafat, Yasser</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat">Yasser Arafat</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Peres, Shimon</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Shimon_Peres" title="Shimon Peres">Shimon Peres</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Rabin, Yitzhak</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Rabin" title="Yitzhak Rabin">Yitzhak Rabin</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Harsanyi, John</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/John_Harsanyi" title="John Harsanyi">John Harsanyi</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Nash, John Forbes</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/John_Forbes_Nash" title="John Forbes Nash">John Forbes Nash</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Selten, Reinhard</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Reinhard_Selten" title="Reinhard Selten">Reinhard Selten</a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">1995 </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Perl, Martin Lewis</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Lewis_Perl" title="Martin Lewis Perl">Martin Lewis Perl</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Reines, Frederick</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Reines" title="Frederick Reines">Frederick Reines</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Crutzen, Paul J.</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Paul_J._Crutzen" class="mw-redirect" title="Paul J. Crutzen">Paul J. Crutzen</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Molina, Mario J.</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Mario_J._Molina" class="mw-redirect" title="Mario J. Molina">Mario J. Molina</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Rowland, Frank Sherwood</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Sherwood_Rowland" title="Frank Sherwood Rowland">Frank Sherwood Rowland</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Lewis, Edward B.</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Edward_B._Lewis" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward B. Lewis">Edward B. Lewis</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Nüsslein-Volhard, Christiane</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Christiane_N%C3%BCsslein-Volhard" title="Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard">Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Wieschaus, Eric F.</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Eric_F._Wieschaus" class="mw-redirect" title="Eric F. Wieschaus">Eric F. Wieschaus</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Heaney, Seamus</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Seamus_Heaney" title="Seamus Heaney">Seamus Heaney</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Rotblat, Joseph</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Rotblat" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph Rotblat">Joseph Rotblat</a></span></span>;<br /><a href="/wiki/Confer%C3%AAncias_Pugwash_sobre_Ci%C3%AAncia_e_Neg%C3%B3cios_Mundiais" title="Conferências Pugwash sobre Ciência e Negócios Mundiais">Conferências Pugwash sobre Ciência e Negócios Mundiais</a> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Lucas, Jr., Robert</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Lucas,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Lucas, Jr.">Robert Lucas, Jr.</a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">1996 </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Lee, David Morris</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/David_Morris_Lee" title="David Morris Lee">David Morris Lee</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Osheroff, Douglas</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Osheroff" class="mw-redirect" title="Douglas Osheroff">Douglas Osheroff</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Richardson, Robert Coleman</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Coleman_Richardson" title="Robert Coleman Richardson">Robert Coleman Richardson</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Curl Jr., Robert F.</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Curl" title="Robert Curl">Robert F. Curl Jr.</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Kroto, Harold</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Harold_Kroto" title="Harold Kroto">Harold Kroto</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Smalley, Richard</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Smalley" title="Richard Smalley">Richard Smalley</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Doherty, Peter C.</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Peter_C._Doherty" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter C. Doherty">Peter C. Doherty</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Zinkernagel, Rolf M.</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Rolf_M._Zinkernagel" class="mw-redirect" title="Rolf M. Zinkernagel">Rolf M. Zinkernagel</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Szymborska, Wisława</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Wis%C5%82awa_Szymborska" title="Wisława Szymborska">Wisława Szymborska</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Belo, Carlos Filipe Ximenes</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Filipe_Ximenes_Belo" title="Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo">Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Ramos-Horta, José</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Ramos-Horta" title="José Ramos-Horta">José Ramos-Horta</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Mirrlees, James</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/James_Mirrlees" title="James Mirrlees">James Mirrlees</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Vickrey, William</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/William_Vickrey" title="William Vickrey">William Vickrey</a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">1997 </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Chu, Steven</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Steven_Chu" title="Steven Chu">Steven Chu</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Cohen-Tannoudji, Claude</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Claude_Cohen-Tannoudji" title="Claude Cohen-Tannoudji">Claude Cohen-Tannoudji</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Phillips, William Daniel</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/William_Daniel_Phillips" title="William Daniel Phillips">William Daniel Phillips</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Boyer, Paul D.</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Paul_D._Boyer" class="mw-redirect" title="Paul D. Boyer">Paul D. Boyer</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Walker, John E.</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/John_E._Walker" class="mw-redirect" title="John E. Walker">John E. Walker</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Skou, Jens Christian</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Jens_Christian_Skou" title="Jens Christian Skou">Jens Christian Skou</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Prusiner, Stanley B.</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Stanley_B._Prusiner" class="mw-redirect" title="Stanley B. Prusiner">Stanley B. Prusiner</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Fo, Dario</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Dario_Fo" title="Dario Fo">Dario Fo</a></span></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Campanha_Internacional_para_a_Elimina%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_Minas" title="Campanha Internacional para a Eliminação de Minas">Campanha Internacional para a Eliminação de Minas</a>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Williams, Jody</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Jody_Williams" title="Jody Williams">Jody Williams</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Merton, Robert C.</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Robert_C._Merton" title="Robert C. Merton">Robert C. Merton</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Scholes, Myron</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Myron_Scholes" title="Myron Scholes">Myron Scholes</a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">1998 </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Laughlin, Robert B.</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Robert_B._Laughlin" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert B. Laughlin">Robert B. Laughlin</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Störmer, Horst Ludwig</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Horst_Ludwig_St%C3%B6rmer" title="Horst Ludwig Störmer">Horst Ludwig Störmer</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Tsui, Daniel C.</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Daniel_C._Tsui" class="mw-redirect" title="Daniel C. Tsui">Daniel C. Tsui</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Kohn, Walter</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Walter_Kohn" title="Walter Kohn">Walter Kohn</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Pople, John</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/John_Pople" title="John Pople">John Pople</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Furchgott, Robert F.</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Furchgott" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert F. Furchgott">Robert F. Furchgott</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Ignarro, Louis</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Louis_Ignarro" title="Louis Ignarro">Louis Ignarro</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Murad, Ferid</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Ferid_Murad" title="Ferid Murad">Ferid Murad</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Saramago, José</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Saramago" title="José Saramago">José Saramago</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Hume, John</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/John_Hume" title="John Hume">John Hume</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Trimble, David</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/David_Trimble" title="David Trimble">David Trimble</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Sen, Amartya</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Amartya_Sen" title="Amartya Sen">Amartya Sen</a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">1999 </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Hooft, Gerard 't</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Gerard_%27t_Hooft" class="mw-redirect" title="Gerard &#39;t Hooft">Gerard 't Hooft</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Veltman, Martinus J. G.</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Martinus_J._G._Veltman" title="Martinus J. G. Veltman">Martinus J. G. Veltman</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Zewail, Ahmed</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Zewail" title="Ahmed Zewail">Ahmed Zewail</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Blobel, Günter</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Blobel" title="Günter Blobel">Günter Blobel</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Grass, Günter</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Grass" title="Günter Grass">Günter Grass</a></span></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9dicos_sem_Fronteiras" title="Médicos sem Fronteiras">Médicos sem Fronteiras</a> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Mundell, Robert</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Mundell" title="Robert Mundell">Robert Mundell</a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr id="2000"> <td style="text-align:center;">2000 </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Alferov, Zhores</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Zhores_Alferov" title="Zhores Alferov">Zhores Alferov</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Kroemer, Herbert</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Kroemer" title="Herbert Kroemer">Herbert Kroemer</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Kilby, Jack</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Jack_Kilby" title="Jack Kilby">Jack Kilby</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Heeger, Alan J.</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Alan_J._Heeger" class="mw-redirect" title="Alan J. Heeger">Alan J. Heeger</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">MacDiarmid, Alan</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Alan_MacDiarmid" title="Alan MacDiarmid">Alan MacDiarmid</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Shirakawa, Hideki</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Hideki_Shirakawa" title="Hideki Shirakawa">Hideki Shirakawa</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Carlsson, Arvid</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Arvid_Carlsson" title="Arvid Carlsson">Arvid Carlsson</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Greengard, Paul</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Greengard" title="Paul Greengard">Paul Greengard</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Kandel, Eric</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Eric_Kandel" title="Eric Kandel">Eric Kandel</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Xingjian, Gao</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Gao_Xingjian" title="Gao Xingjian">Gao Xingjian</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Dae-jung, Kim</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Kim_Dae-jung" title="Kim Dae-jung">Kim Dae-jung</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Heckman, James</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/James_Heckman" title="James Heckman">James Heckman</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">McFadden, Daniel</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Daniel_McFadden" title="Daniel McFadden">Daniel McFadden</a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">2001 </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Cornell, Eric Allin</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Eric_Allin_Cornell" title="Eric Allin Cornell">Eric Allin Cornell</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Ketterle, Wolfgang</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Ketterle" title="Wolfgang Ketterle">Wolfgang Ketterle</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Wieman, Carl</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Carl_Wieman" title="Carl Wieman">Carl Wieman</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Knowles, William Standish</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/William_Standish_Knowles" title="William Standish Knowles">William Standish Knowles</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Noyori, Ryōji</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Ry%C5%8Dji_Noyori" title="Ryōji Noyori">Ryōji Noyori</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Sharpless, Barry</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Barry_Sharpless" title="Barry Sharpless">Barry Sharpless</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Hartwell, Leland H.</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Leland_H._Hartwell" class="mw-redirect" title="Leland H. Hartwell">Leland H. Hartwell</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Hunt, Tim</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Tim_Hunt" class="mw-redirect" title="Tim Hunt">Tim Hunt</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Nurse, Paul</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Nurse" title="Paul Nurse">Paul Nurse</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Naipaul, V. S.</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/V._S._Naipaul" class="mw-redirect" title="V. S. Naipaul">V. S. Naipaul</a></span></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Organiza%C3%A7%C3%A3o_das_Na%C3%A7%C3%B5es_Unidas" title="Organização das Nações Unidas">Organização das Nações Unidas</a>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Annan, Kofi</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Kofi_Annan" title="Kofi Annan">Kofi Annan</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Akerlof, George</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/George_Akerlof" class="mw-redirect" title="George Akerlof">George Akerlof</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Spence, Michael</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Spence" title="Michael Spence">Michael Spence</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Stiglitz, Joseph</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stiglitz" title="Joseph Stiglitz">Joseph Stiglitz</a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">2002 </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Davis Jr., Raymond</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Davis_Jr." title="Raymond Davis Jr.">Raymond Davis Jr.</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Koshiba, Masatoshi</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Masatoshi_Koshiba" title="Masatoshi Koshiba">Masatoshi Koshiba</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Giacconi, Riccardo</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Riccardo_Giacconi" title="Riccardo Giacconi">Riccardo Giacconi</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Fenn, John</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/John_Fenn" title="John Fenn">John Fenn</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Tanaka, Koichi</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Koichi_Tanaka" title="Koichi Tanaka">Koichi Tanaka</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Wüthrich, Kurt</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Kurt_W%C3%BCthrich" title="Kurt Wüthrich">Kurt Wüthrich</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Brenner, Sydney</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Sydney_Brenner" title="Sydney Brenner">Sydney Brenner</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Horvitz, H. Robert</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/H._Robert_Horvitz" class="mw-redirect" title="H. Robert Horvitz">H. Robert Horvitz</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Sulston, John</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/John_Sulston" title="John Sulston">John Sulston</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Kertész, Imre</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Imre_Kert%C3%A9sz" title="Imre Kertész">Imre Kertész</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Carter, Jimmy</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Kahneman, Daniel</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Kahneman" title="Daniel Kahneman">Daniel Kahneman</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Smith, Vernon L.</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Vernon_L._Smith" class="mw-redirect" title="Vernon L. Smith">Vernon L. Smith</a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">2003 </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Abrikosov, Alexei Alexeevich</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Alexei_Alexeevich_Abrikosov" title="Alexei Alexeevich Abrikosov">Alexei Alexeevich Abrikosov</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Ginzburg, Vitaly</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Vitaly_Ginzburg" title="Vitaly Ginzburg">Vitaly Ginzburg</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Leggett, Anthony James</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Anthony_James_Leggett" class="mw-redirect" title="Anthony James Leggett">Anthony James Leggett</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Agre, Peter</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Agre" title="Peter Agre">Peter Agre</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">MacKinnon, Roderick</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Roderick_MacKinnon" title="Roderick MacKinnon">Roderick MacKinnon</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Lauterbur, Paul</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Lauterbur" title="Paul Lauterbur">Paul Lauterbur</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Mansfield, Peter</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Mansfield" title="Peter Mansfield">Peter Mansfield</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Coetzee, J. M.</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/J._M._Coetzee" title="J. M. Coetzee">J. M. Coetzee</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Ebadi, Shirin</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Shirin_Ebadi" title="Shirin Ebadi">Shirin Ebadi</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Engle, Robert F.</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Engle" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert F. Engle">Robert F. Engle</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Granger, Clive</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Clive_Granger" title="Clive Granger">Clive Granger</a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">2004 </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Gross, David</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/David_Gross" title="David Gross">David Gross</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Politzer, Hugh David</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_David_Politzer" title="Hugh David Politzer">Hugh David Politzer</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Wilczek, Frank</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Wilczek" title="Frank Wilczek">Frank Wilczek</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Ciechanover, Aaron</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Aaron_Ciechanover" title="Aaron Ciechanover">Aaron Ciechanover</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Hershko, Avram</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Avram_Hershko" title="Avram Hershko">Avram Hershko</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Rose, Irwin</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Irwin_Rose" title="Irwin Rose">Irwin Rose</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Axel, Richard</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Axel" title="Richard Axel">Richard Axel</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Buck, Linda B.</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Linda_B._Buck" class="mw-redirect" title="Linda B. Buck">Linda B. Buck</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Jelinek, Elfriede</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Elfriede_Jelinek" title="Elfriede Jelinek">Elfriede Jelinek</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Maathai, Wangari</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Wangari_Maathai" title="Wangari Maathai">Wangari Maathai</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Kydland, Finn E.</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Finn_E._Kydland" class="mw-redirect" title="Finn E. Kydland">Finn E. Kydland</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Prescott, Edward</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Prescott" title="Edward Prescott">Edward Prescott</a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">2005 </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Glauber, Roy J.</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Roy_J._Glauber" class="mw-redirect" title="Roy J. Glauber">Roy J. Glauber</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Hall, John L.</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/John_L._Hall" class="mw-redirect" title="John L. Hall">John L. Hall</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Hänsch, Theodor W.</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Theodor_W._H%C3%A4nsch" class="mw-redirect" title="Theodor W. Hänsch">Theodor W. Hänsch</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Chauvin, Yves</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Yves_Chauvin" title="Yves Chauvin">Yves Chauvin</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Grubbs, Robert H.</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Robert_H._Grubbs" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert H. Grubbs">Robert H. Grubbs</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Schrock, Richard R.</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Richard_R._Schrock" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard R. Schrock">Richard R. Schrock</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Marshall, Barry</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Barry_Marshall" title="Barry Marshall">Barry Marshall</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Warren, Robin</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Robin_Warren" class="mw-redirect" title="Robin Warren">Robin Warren</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Pinter, Harold</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Harold_Pinter" title="Harold Pinter">Harold Pinter</a></span></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ag%C3%AAncia_Internacional_de_Energia_At%C3%B3mica" title="Agência Internacional de Energia Atómica">Agência Internacional de Energia Atómica</a>;<br /><span style="display:none;">ElBaradei, Mohamed</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_ElBaradei" title="Mohamed ElBaradei">Mohamed ElBaradei</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Aumann, Robert</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Aumann" title="Robert Aumann">Robert Aumann</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Schelling, Thomas</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Schelling" title="Thomas Schelling">Thomas Schelling</a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">2006 </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Mather, John C.</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/John_C._Mather" class="mw-redirect" title="John C. Mather">John C. Mather</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Smoot, George</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/George_Smoot" title="George Smoot">George Smoot</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Kornberg, Roger D.</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Roger_D._Kornberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Roger D. Kornberg">Roger D. Kornberg</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Fire, Andrew</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Fire" title="Andrew Fire">Andrew Fire</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Mello, Craig</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Craig_Mello" title="Craig Mello">Craig Mello</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Pamuk, Orhan</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Orhan_Pamuk" title="Orhan Pamuk">Orhan Pamuk</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Yunus, Muhammad</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Yunus" title="Muhammad Yunus">Muhammad Yunus</a></span></span>;<br /><a href="/wiki/Grameen_Bank" title="Grameen Bank">Grameen Bank</a> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Phelps, Edmund</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Phelps" title="Edmund Phelps">Edmund Phelps</a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">2007 </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Fert, Albert</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Albert_Fert" title="Albert Fert">Albert Fert</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Grünberg, Peter</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Gr%C3%BCnberg" title="Peter Grünberg">Peter Grünberg</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Ertl, Gerhard</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Ertl" title="Gerhard Ertl">Gerhard Ertl</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Capecchi, Mario</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Mario_Capecchi" title="Mario Capecchi">Mario Capecchi</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Evans, Martin</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Evans" title="Martin Evans">Martin Evans</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Smithies, Oliver</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Smithies" title="Oliver Smithies">Oliver Smithies</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Lessing, Doris</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Doris_Lessing" title="Doris Lessing">Doris Lessing</a></span></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Painel_Intergovernamental_sobre_Mudan%C3%A7as_Clim%C3%A1ticas" title="Painel Intergovernamental sobre Mudanças Climáticas">Painel Intergovernamental sobre Mudanças Climáticas</a>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Gore, Al</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Al Gore</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Hurwicz, Leonid</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Leonid_Hurwicz" title="Leonid Hurwicz">Leonid Hurwicz</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Maskin, Eric</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Eric_Maskin" title="Eric Maskin">Eric Maskin</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Myerson, Roger</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Roger_Myerson" title="Roger Myerson">Roger Myerson</a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">2008 </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Nambu, Yoichiro</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Yoichiro_Nambu" title="Yoichiro Nambu">Yoichiro Nambu</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Kobayashi, Makoto</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Makoto_Kobayashi" title="Makoto Kobayashi">Makoto Kobayashi</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Maskawa, Toshihide</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Toshihide_Maskawa" class="mw-redirect" title="Toshihide Maskawa">Toshihide Maskawa</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Shimomura, Osamu</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Osamu_Shimomura" title="Osamu Shimomura">Osamu Shimomura</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Chalfie, Martin</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Chalfie" title="Martin Chalfie">Martin Chalfie</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Tsien, Roger Y.</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Roger_Y._Tsien" class="mw-redirect" title="Roger Y. Tsien">Roger Y. Tsien</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">zur Hausen, Harald</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Harald_zur_Hausen" title="Harald zur Hausen">Harald zur Hausen</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Barré-Sinoussi, Françoise</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7oise_Barr%C3%A9-Sinoussi" title="Françoise Barré-Sinoussi">Françoise Barré-Sinoussi</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Montagnier, Luc</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Luc_Montagnier" title="Luc Montagnier">Luc Montagnier</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Le Clézio, J. M. G.</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/J._M._G._Le_Cl%C3%A9zio" class="mw-redirect" title="J. M. G. Le Clézio">J. M. G. Le Clézio</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Ahtisaari, Martti</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Martti_Ahtisaari" title="Martti Ahtisaari">Martti Ahtisaari</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Krugman, Paul</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Krugman" title="Paul Krugman">Paul Krugman</a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">2009 </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Kao, Charles K.</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Charles_K._Kao" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles K. Kao">Charles K. Kao</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Boyle, Willard S.</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Willard_Boyle" title="Willard Boyle">Willard S. Boyle</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Smith, George E.</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/George_E._Smith" class="mw-redirect" title="George E. Smith">George E. Smith</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Ramakrishnan, Venkatraman</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Venkatraman_Ramakrishnan" title="Venkatraman Ramakrishnan">Venkatraman Ramakrishnan</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Steitz, Thomas A.</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_A._Steitz" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas A. Steitz">Thomas A. Steitz</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Yonath, Ada</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Ada_Yonath" title="Ada Yonath">Ada Yonath</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Blackburn, Elizabeth</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Blackburn" title="Elizabeth Blackburn">Elizabeth Blackburn</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Greider, Carol W.</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Carol_W._Greider" class="mw-redirect" title="Carol W. Greider">Carol W. Greider</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Szostak, Jack W.</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Jack_W._Szostak" class="mw-redirect" title="Jack W. Szostak">Jack W. Szostak</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Müller, Herta</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Herta_M%C3%BCller" title="Herta Müller">Herta Müller</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Obama, Barack</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Ostrom, Elinor</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Elinor_Ostrom" title="Elinor Ostrom">Elinor Ostrom</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Williamson, Oliver E.</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Oliver_E._Williamson" class="mw-redirect" title="Oliver E. Williamson">Oliver E. Williamson</a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr id="2010"> <td style="text-align:center;">2010 </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Geim, Andre</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Andre_Geim" title="Andre Geim">Andre Geim</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Novoselov, Konstantin</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Novoselov" title="Konstantin Novoselov">Konstantin Novoselov</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Heck, Richard F.</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Richard_F._Heck" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard F. Heck">Richard F. Heck</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Negishi, Ei-ichi</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Ei-ichi_Negishi" title="Ei-ichi Negishi">Ei-ichi Negishi</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Suzuki, Akira</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Akira_Suzuki" title="Akira Suzuki">Akira Suzuki</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Edwards, Robert G.</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Robert_G._Edwards" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert G. Edwards">Robert G. Edwards</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Vargas Llosa, Mario</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Mario_Vargas_Llosa" title="Mario Vargas Llosa">Mario Vargas Llosa</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Xiaobo, Liu</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Liu_Xiaobo" title="Liu Xiaobo">Liu Xiaobo</a></span></span><sup class="reference" id="ref_Note1Nota_8"><a href="#endnote_Note1Nota_8">[nota 8]</a></sup> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Diamond, Peter A.</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Diamond" title="Peter Diamond">Peter A. Diamond</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Mortensen, Dale</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Dale_Mortensen" title="Dale Mortensen">Dale Mortensen</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Pissarides, Christopher</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Pissarides" title="Christopher Pissarides">Christopher Pissarides</a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">2011 </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Perlmutter, Saul</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Saul_Perlmutter" title="Saul Perlmutter">Saul Perlmutter</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Riess, Adam G.</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Adam_Riess" title="Adam Riess">Adam G. Riess</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Schmidt, Brian</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Brian_Schmidt" title="Brian Schmidt">Brian Schmidt</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Shechtman, Dan</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Dan_Shechtman" title="Dan Shechtman">Dan Shechtman</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Beutler, Bruce</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Beutler" title="Bruce Beutler">Bruce Beutler</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Hoffmann, Jules A.</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Jules_A._Hoffmann" class="mw-redirect" title="Jules A. Hoffmann">Jules A. Hoffmann</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Steinman, Ralph</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Steinman" title="Ralph Steinman">Ralph Steinman</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Tranströmer, Tomas</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Tomas_Transtr%C3%B6mer" title="Tomas Tranströmer">Tomas Tranströmer</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Sirleaf, Ellen Johnson</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Ellen_Johnson_Sirleaf" title="Ellen Johnson Sirleaf">Ellen Johnson Sirleaf</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Gbowee, Leymah</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Leymah_Gbowee" title="Leymah Gbowee">Leymah Gbowee</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Karman, Tawakel</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Tawakel_Karman" title="Tawakel Karman">Tawakel Karman</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Sargent, Thomas</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Sargent" title="Thomas Sargent">Thomas Sargent</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Sims, Christopher A.</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Christopher_A._Sims" class="mw-redirect" title="Christopher A. Sims">Christopher A. Sims</a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">2012 </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Haroche, Serge</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Serge_Haroche" title="Serge Haroche">Serge Haroche</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">J. Wineland, David</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/David_J._Wineland" class="mw-redirect" title="David J. Wineland">David J. Wineland</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Kobilka, Brian K.</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Brian_Kobilka" title="Brian Kobilka">Brian K. Kobilka</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Lefkowitz, Robert J.</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Lefkowitz" title="Robert Lefkowitz">Robert J. Lefkowitz</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Gurdon, John B.</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/John_Gurdon" title="John Gurdon">John B. Gurdon</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Yamanaka, Shinya</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Shinya_Yamanaka" title="Shinya Yamanaka"> Shinya Yamanaka</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Yan, Mo</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Mo_Yan" title="Mo Yan">Mo Yan</a></span></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Uni%C3%A3o_Europeia" title="União Europeia">União Europeia</a> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Roth, Alvin</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Alvin_Roth" title="Alvin Roth">Alvin Roth</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Shapley, Lloyd S.</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Shapley" title="Lloyd Shapley">Lloyd S. Shapley</a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">2013 </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Englert, François</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Englert" title="François Englert">François Englert</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Higgs, Peter W.</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Higgs" title="Peter Higgs">Peter W. Higgs</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Karplus, Martin</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Karplus" title="Martin Karplus">Martin Karplus</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Levitt, Michael</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Levitt" title="Michael Levitt">Michael Levitt</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Warshel, Arieh</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Arieh_Warshel" title="Arieh Warshel">Arieh Warshel</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Rothman, James E.</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/James_Rothman" title="James Rothman">James E. Rothman</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Schekman, Randy</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Randy_Schekman" title="Randy Schekman">Randy Schekman</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Südhof, Thomas</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_S%C3%BCdhof" title="Thomas Südhof">Thomas Südhof</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Munro, Alice</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Alice_Munro" title="Alice Munro">Alice Munro</a></span></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Organiza%C3%A7%C3%A3o_para_a_Proibi%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_Armas_Qu%C3%ADmicas" title="Organização para a Proibição de Armas Químicas">Organização para a Proibição de Armas Químicas</a> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Fama, Eugene F.</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Fama" title="Eugene Fama">Eugene F. Fama</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Hansen, Lars Peter</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Lars_Peter_Hansen" title="Lars Peter Hansen">Lars Peter Hansen</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Shiller, Robert J.</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Shiller" title="Robert Shiller">Robert J. Shiller</a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">2014 </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Akasaki, Isamu</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Isamu_Akasaki" title="Isamu Akasaki">Isamu Akasaki</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Amano, Hiroshi</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Hiroshi_Amano" title="Hiroshi Amano">Hiroshi Amano</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Nakamura, Shuji</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Shuji_Nakamura" title="Shuji Nakamura">Shuji Nakamura</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Moerner, William</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/William_Moerner" title="William Moerner">William Moerner</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Betzig, Eric</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Eric_Betzig" title="Eric Betzig">Eric Betzig</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Hell, Stefan</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Stefan_Hell" title="Stefan Hell">Stefan Hell</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">O'Keefe, John</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/John_O%27Keefe" title="John O&#39;Keefe">John O'Keefe</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Moser, May-Britt</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/May-Britt_Moser" title="May-Britt Moser">May-Britt Moser</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Moser, Edvard</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Edvard_Moser" title="Edvard Moser">Edvard Moser</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Modiano, Patrick</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Modiano" title="Patrick Modiano">Patrick Modiano</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Yousafzai, Malala</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Malala_Yousafzai" title="Malala Yousafzai">Malala Yousafzai</a></span></span><sup class="reference" id="ref_Note1Nota_9"><a href="#endnote_Note1Nota_9">[nota 9]</a></sup>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Satyarthi, Kailash</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Kailash_Satyarthi" title="Kailash Satyarthi">Kailash Satyarthi</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Tirole, Jean</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Jean_Tirole" title="Jean Tirole">Jean Tirole</a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">2015 </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Kajita, Takaaki</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Takaaki_Kajita" title="Takaaki Kajita">Takaaki Kajita</a></span></span>; <br /><span style="display:none;">McDonald, Arthur B.</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_B._McDonald" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthur B. McDonald">Arthur B. McDonald</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Lindahl, Tomas</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Tomas_Lindahl" title="Tomas Lindahl">Tomas Lindahl</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Modrich, Paul</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Modrich" title="Paul Modrich">Paul Modrich</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Sancar, Aziz</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Aziz_Sancar" title="Aziz Sancar">Aziz Sancar</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Campbell, William C.</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/William_Cecil_Campbell" title="William Cecil Campbell">William C. Campbell</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Ōmura, Satoshi</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Satoshi_%C5%8Cmura" title="Satoshi Ōmura">Satoshi Ōmura</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Youyou, Tu</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Tu_Youyou" title="Tu Youyou">Tu Youyou</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Alexievich, Svetlana</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Svetlana_Alexievich" class="mw-redirect" title="Svetlana Alexievich">Svetlana Alexievich</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Tunísia, Quarteto para o Diálogo Nacional da</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Quarteto_para_o_Di%C3%A1logo_Nacional_da_Tun%C3%ADsia" title="Quarteto para o Diálogo Nacional da Tunísia">Quarteto para o Diálogo Nacional da Tunísia</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Deaton, Angus</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Angus_Deaton" title="Angus Deaton">Angus Deaton</a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">2016 </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Thouless, David</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/David_Thouless" title="David Thouless">David Thouless</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Haldane, Duncan</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Duncan_Haldane" title="Duncan Haldane">Duncan Haldane</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Kosterlitz, John M.</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/John_Michael_Kosterlitz" title="John Michael Kosterlitz">John M. Kosterlitz</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Sauvage, Jean-Pierre</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Sauvage" title="Jean-Pierre Sauvage">Jean-Pierre Sauvage</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Stoddart, Fraser</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Fraser_Stoddart" title="Fraser Stoddart">Fraser Stoddart</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Feringa, Bernard</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Feringa" title="Bernard Feringa">Bernard Feringa</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Ohsumi, Yoshinori</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Yoshinori_Ohsumi" title="Yoshinori Ohsumi">Yoshinori Ohsumi</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Dylan, Bob</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Bob_Dylan" title="Bob Dylan">Bob Dylan</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Santos, Juan M.</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Juan_Manuel_Santos" title="Juan Manuel Santos">Juan M. Santos</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Hart, Oliver</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Hart" title="Oliver Hart">Oliver Hart</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Holmström, Bengt</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Bengt_Holmstr%C3%B6m" title="Bengt Holmström">Bengt Holmström</a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">2017 </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Weiss, Rainer</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Rainer_Weiss" title="Rainer Weiss">Rainer Weiss</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Barish, Barry C.</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Barry_C._Barish" title="Barry C. Barish">Barry C. Barish</a></span></span><br /><span style="display:none;">Thorne, Kip</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Kip_Thorne" title="Kip Thorne">Kip Thorne</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Dubochet, Jacques</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Dubochet" title="Jacques Dubochet">Jacques Dubochet</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Frank, Joachim</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Joachim_Frank" title="Joachim Frank">Joachim Frank</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Henderson, Richard</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Henderson" title="Richard Henderson">Richard Henderson</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Hall, Jeffrey C.</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_C._Hall" title="Jeffrey C. Hall">Jeffrey C. Hall</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Rosbash, Michael</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Rosbash" title="Michael Rosbash">Michael Rosbash</a></span></span><br /><span style="display:none;">Young, Michael W.</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Warren_Young" title="Michael Warren Young">Michael W. Young</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Ishiguro, Kazuo</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Kazuo_Ishiguro" title="Kazuo Ishiguro">Kazuo Ishiguro</a></span></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Campanha_Internacional_para_a_Aboli%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_Armas_Nucleares" title="Campanha Internacional para a Abolição de Armas Nucleares">Campanha Internacional para a Abolição de Armas Nucleares</a> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Thaler, Richard</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Thaler" title="Richard Thaler">Richard Thaler</a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">2018 </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Ashkin, Arthur</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Ashkin" title="Arthur Ashkin">Arthur Ashkin</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Mourou, Gérard</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Mourou" title="Gérard Mourou">Gérard Mourou</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Strickland, Donna</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Donna_Strickland" title="Donna Strickland">Donna Strickland</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Arnold, Frances</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Frances_Arnold" title="Frances Arnold">Frances Arnold</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Smith, George P.</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/George_P._Smith" title="George P. Smith">George P. Smith</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Winter, Gregory</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Gregory_Winter" title="Gregory Winter">Gregory Winter</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Allison, James P.</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/James_Patrick_Allison" title="James Patrick Allison">James P. Allison</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Honjo, Tasuku</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Tasuku_Honjo" title="Tasuku Honjo">Tasuku Honjo</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Tokarczuk, Olga</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Olga_Tokarczuk" title="Olga Tokarczuk">Olga Tokarczuk</a></span></span><sup class="reference" id="ref_Note1Nota_10"><a href="#endnote_Note1Nota_10">[nota 10]</a></sup> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Mukwege, Denis</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Denis_Mukwege" title="Denis Mukwege">Denis Mukwege</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Murad, Nadia</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Nadia_Murad" title="Nadia Murad">Nadia Murad</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Nordhaus, William</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/William_Nordhaus" title="William Nordhaus">William Nordhaus</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Romer, Paul</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Romer" title="Paul Romer">Paul Romer</a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">2019 </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Peebles, James</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/James_Peebles" title="James Peebles">James Peebles</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Mayor, Michel</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Michel_Mayor" title="Michel Mayor">Michel Mayor</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Queloz, Didier</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Didier_Queloz" class="mw-redirect" title="Didier Queloz">Didier Queloz</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Goodenough, John B.</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/John_Bannister_Goodenough" title="John Bannister Goodenough">John B. Goodenough</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Whittingham, Michael S.</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Stanley_Whittingham" title="Michael Stanley Whittingham">Michael S. Whittingham</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Yoshino, Akira</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Akira_Yoshino" title="Akira Yoshino">Akira Yoshino</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Kaelin Jr., William</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/William_Kaelin_Jr." title="William Kaelin Jr.">William Kaelin Jr.</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Ratcliffe, Peter J.</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Peter_J._Ratcliffe" title="Peter J. Ratcliffe">Peter J. Ratcliffe</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Semenza, Gregg L.</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Gregg_L._Semenza" title="Gregg L. Semenza">Gregg L. Semenza</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Handke, Peter</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Handke" title="Peter Handke">Peter Handke</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Ali, Abiy A.</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Abiy_Ahmed_Ali" title="Abiy Ahmed Ali">Abiy A. Ali</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Banerjee, Abhijit</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Abhijit_Banerjee" title="Abhijit Banerjee">Abhijit Banerjee</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Duflo, Esther</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Esther_Duflo" title="Esther Duflo">Esther Duflo</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Kremer, Michael</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Kremer" title="Michael Kremer">Michael Kremer</a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr id="2020"> <td style="text-align:center;">2020 </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Penrose, Roger</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Roger_Penrose" title="Roger Penrose">Roger Penrose</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Genzel, Reinhard</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Reinhard_Genzel" title="Reinhard Genzel">Reinhard Genzel</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Ghez, Andrea</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Andrea_Ghez" title="Andrea Ghez">Andrea Ghez</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Charpentier, Emmanuelle</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Emmanuelle_Charpentier" title="Emmanuelle Charpentier">Emmanuelle Charpentier</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Doudna, Jennifer</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Doudna" title="Jennifer Doudna">Jennifer Doudna</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Alter, Harvey J.</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Harvey_J._Alter" title="Harvey J. Alter">Harvey J. Alter</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Houghton, Michael</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Houghton" title="Michael Houghton">Michael Houghton</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Rice, Charles M.</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Charles_M._Rice" title="Charles M. Rice">Charles M. Rice</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Glück, Louise</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Louise_Gl%C3%BCck" title="Louise Glück">Louise Glück</a></span></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Programa_Alimentar_Mundial" title="Programa Alimentar Mundial">Programa Alimentar Mundial</a> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Milgrom, Paul</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Milgrom" title="Paul Milgrom">Paul Milgrom</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Wilson, Robert B.</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Robert_B._Wilson" title="Robert B. Wilson">Robert B. Wilson</a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">2021 </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Manabe, Syukuro</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Syukuro_Manabe" title="Syukuro Manabe">Syukuro Manabe</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Hasselmann, Klaus</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Klaus_Hasselmann" title="Klaus Hasselmann">Klaus Hasselmann</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Parisi, Giorgio</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Parisi" title="Giorgio Parisi">Giorgio Parisi</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">List, Benjamin</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_List" title="Benjamin List">Benjamin List</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">MacMillan, David</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/David_MacMillan" title="David MacMillan">David MacMillan</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Julius, David</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/David_Julius" title="David Julius">David Julius</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Patapoutian, Ardem</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Ardem_Patapoutian" title="Ardem Patapoutian">Ardem Patapoutian</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Gurnah, Abdulrazak</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Abdulrazak_Gurnah" title="Abdulrazak Gurnah">Abdulrazak Gurnah</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Ressa, Maria</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Maria_Ressa" title="Maria Ressa">Maria Ressa</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Muratov, Dmitry</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Muratov" title="Dmitry Muratov">Dmitry Muratov</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Card, David</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/David_Card" title="David Card">David Card</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Angrist, Joshua</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Joshua_Angrist" title="Joshua Angrist">Joshua Angrist</a></span></span><br /><span style="display:none;">Imbens, Guido</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Guido_Imbens" title="Guido Imbens">Guido Imbens</a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">2022 </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Aspect, Alain</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Alain_Aspect" title="Alain Aspect">Alain Aspect</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Clauser, John</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/John_Clauser" title="John Clauser">John Clauser</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Zeilinger, Anton</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Anton_Zeilinger" title="Anton Zeilinger">Anton Zeilinger</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Bertozzi, Carolyn</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Carolyn_Bertozzi" title="Carolyn Bertozzi">Carolyn Bertozzi</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Meldal, Morten</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Morten_Meldal" title="Morten Meldal">Morten Meldal</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Sharpless, Barry</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Barry_Sharpless" title="Barry Sharpless">Barry Sharpless</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Pääbo, Svante</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Svante_P%C3%A4%C3%A4bo" title="Svante Pääbo">Svante Pääbo</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Ernaux, Annie</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Annie_Ernaux" title="Annie Ernaux">Annie Ernaux</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Bialiatski, Ales</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Ales_Bialiatski" title="Ales Bialiatski">Ales Bialiatski</a></span></span>;<br /><a href="/wiki/Memorial_(associa%C3%A7%C3%A3o)" title="Memorial (associação)">Memorial</a>;<br /><a href="/wiki/Centro_de_Liberdades_Civis" title="Centro de Liberdades Civis">Centro de Liberdades Civis</a> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Bernanke, Ben</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Ben_Bernanke" title="Ben Bernanke">Ben Bernanke</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Diamond, Douglas</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Diamond" title="Douglas Diamond">Douglas Diamond</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Dybvig, Philip</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Philip_Dybvig" title="Philip Dybvig">Philip Dybvig</a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">2023 </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Agostini, Pierre</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Agostini" title="Pierre Agostini">Pierre Agostini</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Krausz, Ferenc</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Ferenc_Krausz" title="Ferenc Krausz">Ferenc Krausz</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">L'Huillier, Anne</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Anne_L%27Huillier" title="Anne L&#39;Huillier">Anne L'Huillier</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Bawendi, Moungi</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Moungi_Bawendi" title="Moungi Bawendi">Moungi Bawendi</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Brus, Louis</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Louis_Brus" title="Louis Brus">Louis Brus</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Ekimov, Alexei</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Alexei_Ekimov" title="Alexei Ekimov">Alexei Ekimov</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Karikó, Katalin</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Katalin_Karik%C3%B3" title="Katalin Karikó">Katalin Karikó</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Weissman, Drew</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Drew_Weissman" title="Drew Weissman">Drew Weissman</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Fosse, Jon</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Jon_Fosse" title="Jon Fosse">Jon Fosse</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Mohammadi, Narges</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Narges_Mohammadi" title="Narges Mohammadi">Narges Mohammadi</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Goldin, Claudia</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Claudia_Goldin" title="Claudia Goldin">Claudia Goldin</a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">2024 </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Hopfield, John</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/John_Hopfield" title="John Hopfield">John Hopfield</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Hinton, Geoffrey</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Hinton" title="Geoffrey Hinton">Geoffrey Hinton</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Baker, David</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/David_Baker" title="David Baker">David Baker</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Hassabis, Demis</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Demis_Hassabis" title="Demis Hassabis">Demis Hassabis</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">M. Jumper, John</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/John_M._Jumper" title="John M. Jumper">John M. Jumper</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Ambros, Victor</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Victor_Ambros" title="Victor Ambros">Victor Ambros</a></span></span>;<br /><span style="display:none;">Ruvkun, Gary</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Gary_Ruvkun" title="Gary Ruvkun">Gary Ruvkun</a></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none;">Kang, Han</span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Han_Kang" title="Han Kang">Han Kang</a></span></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Confedera%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Japonesa_de_Organiza%C3%A7%C3%B5es_de_V%C3%ADtimas_de_Bombas_A_e_H" title="Confederação Japonesa de Organizações de Vítimas de Bombas A e H">Nihon Hidankyō</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="eeeeee">— </td></tr> <tr> <th>Ano </th> <th style="width:18%;"><a href="/wiki/Laureados_com_o_Nobel_de_F%C3%ADsica" title="Laureados com o Nobel de Física">Física</a> </th> <th style="width:16%;"><a href="/wiki/Laureados_com_o_Nobel_de_Qu%C3%ADmica" title="Laureados com o Nobel de Química">Química</a> </th> <th style="width:18%;"><a href="/wiki/Laureados_com_o_Nobel_de_Fisiologia_ou_Medicina" title="Laureados com o Nobel de Fisiologia ou Medicina">Fisiologia<br />ou Medicina</a> </th> <th style="width:16%;"><a href="/wiki/Laureados_com_o_Nobel_de_Literatura" title="Laureados com o Nobel de Literatura">Literatura</a> </th> <th style="width:16%;"><a href="/wiki/Laureados_com_o_Nobel_da_Paz" title="Laureados com o Nobel da Paz">Paz</a> </th> <th style="width:15%;"><a href="/wiki/Lista_dos_laureados_com_o_Pr%C3%A9mio_de_Ci%C3%AAncias_Econ%C3%B3micas_em_Mem%C3%B3ria_de_Alfred_Nobel" title="Lista dos laureados com o Prémio de Ciências Económicas em Memória de Alfred Nobel">Economia</a> (Prêmio Sveriges Riksbank) </th></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Regra_do_sigilo_de_50_anos">Regra do sigilo de 50 anos</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laureados_com_o_Nobel&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Editar secção: Regra do sigilo de 50 anos" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laureados_com_o_Nobel&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Regra do sigilo de 50 anos"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>O Comitê não informa à mídia nem aos próprios candidatos os nomes dos indicados. Na medida em que nomes específicos aparecem frequentemente nas primeiras previsões de quem receberá o prêmio em um determinado ano, isso é pura especulação ou informação privilegiada da pessoa ou pessoas que enviaram a indicação. Após um sigilo de cinquenta anos, o banco de dados de indicações mantido pelo Comitê Nobel é disponibilizado ao público.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span>[</span>26<span>]</span></a></sup> Os estatutos da Fundação Nobel afirmam: </p> <blockquote><p>Um organismo de atribuição de prémios pode, no entanto, após a devida consideração de cada caso individual, permitir o acesso ao material que serviu de base para a avaliação e decisão sobre um prémio, para fins de investigação em história intelectual. Essa autorização não pode, contudo, ser concedida antes de decorridos, pelo menos, 50 anos após a data em que a decisão em causa foi proferida.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span>[</span>27<span>]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ver_também"><span id="Ver_tamb.C3.A9m"></span>Ver também</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laureados_com_o_Nobel&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5" title="Editar secção: Ver também" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laureados_com_o_Nobel&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Ver também"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Laureados_com_o_Nobel_por_pa%C3%ADs" title="Laureados com o Nobel por país">Laureados com o Nobel por país</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lista_de_mulheres_laureadas_com_o_Nobel" title="Lista de mulheres laureadas com o Nobel">Lista de mulheres laureadas com o Nobel</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notas">Notas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laureados_com_o_Nobel&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=6" title="Editar secção: Notas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laureados_com_o_Nobel&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Notas"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_Note1Nota_1"><a href="#ref_Note1Nota_1"><b><sup>Nota 1</sup></b></a></span> O termo "laureado" refere-se a ser representado pela <a href="/wiki/Coroa_de_louros" title="Coroa de louros">coroa de louros</a>. Na <a href="/wiki/Mitologia_grega" title="Mitologia grega">mitologia grega</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apolo" title="Apolo">Apolo</a> é representado usando uma coroa de louros na cabeça. Uma coroa de louros é uma coroa circular feita de ramos e folhas do louro (em <a href="/wiki/Latim" title="Latim">latim</a>: <i>Laurus nobilis</i>). Na <a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%A9cia_Antiga" title="Grécia Antiga">Grécia Antiga</a>, as coroas de louros eram concedidas aos vencedores como sinal de honra – tanto em competições atléticas quanto em encontros poéticos.<sup id="cite_ref-NobelFacts_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NobelFacts-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_Note1Nota_2"><a href="#ref_Note1Nota_2"><b><sup>Nota 2</sup></b></a></span> Em 1960, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Brian_Medawar" title="Peter Brian Medawar">Peter Brian Medawar</a> (que nasceu no Brasil, porém naturalizou-se britânico) foi laureado com o Nobel de Fisiologia ou Medicina. Medawar não é considerado como um ganhador brasileiro do Nobel porque, em 1933, sua cidadania brasileira foi retirada devido a sua recusa de alistar-se no exército do Brasil.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span>[</span>28<span>]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_Note1Nota_3"><a href="#ref_Note1Nota_3"><b><sup>Nota 3</sup></b></a></span> Em 1938 e 1939, o governo da <a href="/wiki/Alemanha" title="Alemanha">Alemanha</a> não permitiu que três indicados alemães aceitassem o prêmio. Eles eram <a href="/wiki/Richard_Kuhn" title="Richard Kuhn">Richard Kuhn</a>, Laureado com o Nobel de Química em 1938, <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Butenandt" title="Adolf Butenandt">Adolf Butenandt</a>, Laureado com o Prêmio Nobel de Química em 1939 e <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Domagk" title="Gerhard Domagk">Gerhard Domagk</a>, Laureado com o Nobel de Fisiologia ou Medicina em 1939. Posteriormente eles foram premiados com o diploma do Prêmio Nobel e a medalha, porém não receberam o prêmio em dinheiro.<sup id="cite_ref-NobelFacts_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NobelFacts-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_Note1Nota_4"><a href="#ref_Note1Nota_4"><b><sup>Nota 4</sup></b></a></span> Em 1948, não houve a premiação do Nobel da Paz. O prêmio seria recebido por <a href="/wiki/Mohandas_Karamchand_Gandhi" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi">Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi</a>, entretanto, devido seu assassinato o prêmio ficou vago em sua homenagem.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span>[</span>29<span>]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_Note1Nota_5"><a href="#ref_Note1Nota_5"><b><sup>Nota 5</sup></b></a></span> Em 1958, o russo <a href="/wiki/Boris_Pasternak" title="Boris Pasternak">Boris Pasternak</a>, foi forçado a recusar o Nobel da Literatura, devido a pressão do governo da <a href="/wiki/Uni%C3%A3o_Sovi%C3%A9tica" title="União Soviética">União Soviética</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NobelFacts_1-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NobelFacts-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_Note1Nota_6"><a href="#ref_Note1Nota_6"><b><sup>Nota 6</sup></b></a></span> Em 1964, <a href="/wiki/Jean-Paul_Sartre" title="Jean-Paul Sartre">Jean-Paul Sartre</a> não aceitou o Nobel de Literatura, assim como o fez em todas as homenagens oficiais recebidas até então.<sup id="cite_ref-NobelFacts_1-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NobelFacts-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_Note1Nota_7"><a href="#ref_Note1Nota_7"><b><sup>Nota 7</sup></b></a></span> Em 1973, <a href="/wiki/L%C3%AA_%C3%90%E1%BB%A9c_Th%E1%BB%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Lê Ðức Thọ">Lê Ðức Thọ</a> recusou o Nobel da Paz devido, uma vez que em sua opinião não o merecia, pois sua contribuição nos <a href="/wiki/Acordos_de_Paz_de_Paris" title="Acordos de Paz de Paris">Acordos de Paz de Paris</a>, um acordo de <a href="/wiki/Cessar-fogo" title="Cessar-fogo">cessar-fogo</a> na <a href="/wiki/Guerra_do_Vietn%C3%A3" title="Guerra do Vietnã">Guerra do Vietnã</a>, não teve efeito.<sup id="cite_ref-NobelFacts_1-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NobelFacts-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-PeacePrizeArticle_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PeacePrizeArticle-15"><span>[</span>15<span>]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_Note1Nota_8"><a href="#ref_Note1Nota_8"><b><sup>Nota 8</sup></b></a></span> Em 2010, <a href="/wiki/Liu_Xiaobo" title="Liu Xiaobo">Liu Xiaobo</a> não recebeu o prêmio devido estar cumprindo uma pena de 11 anos de prisão na <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span>[</span>30<span>]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_Note1Nota_9"><a href="#ref_Note1Nota_9"><b><sup>Nota 9</sup></b></a></span> Em 2014, <a href="/wiki/Malala_Yousafzai" title="Malala Yousafzai">Malala Yousafzai</a> foi considerada a pessoa mais jovem a ganhar um Nobel.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span>[</span>31<span>]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_Note1Nota_10"><a href="#ref_Note1Nota_10"><b><sup>Nota 10</sup></b></a></span> O Prêmio Nobel de Literatura de 2018 foi concedido em 2019, quando escândalos dentro da <a href="/wiki/Academia_Sueca" title="Academia Sueca">Academia Sueca</a> forçaram o adiamento da cerimônia.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span>[</span>32<span>]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Este artigo foi inicialmente traduzido, total ou parcialmente, do artigo da Wikipédia em <a href="/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_inglesa" title="Língua inglesa">inglês</a> cujo título é «<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Nobel_laureates" class="extiw" title="en:List of Nobel laureates">List of Nobel laureates</a>», especificamente <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Nobel_laureates&amp;oldid=598784814">desta versão</a></span>.</i></li></ul> <h2 id="Referências" style="cursor: help;" title="Esta seção foi configurada para não ser editável diretamente. Edite a página toda ou a seção anterior em vez disso."><span id="Refer.C3.AAncias"></span>Referências</h2> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-NobelFacts-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-NobelFacts_1-0">a</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-NobelFacts_1-1">b</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-NobelFacts_1-2">c</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-NobelFacts_1-3">d</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-NobelFacts_1-4">e</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-NobelFacts_1-5">f</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-NobelFacts_1-6">g</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-NobelFacts_1-7">h</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-NobelFacts_1-8">i</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-NobelFacts_1-9">j</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-NobelFacts_1-10">k</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-NobelFacts_1-11">l</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-NobelFacts_1-12">m</a></b></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/facts/">«Nobel Laureates Facts»</a> (em inglês). Fundação Nobel<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 10 de novembro de 2020</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201108091544/https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/facts/nobel-prize-facts/">Cópia arquivada em 8 de novembro de 2020</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ALaureados+com+o+Nobel&amp;rft.btitle=Nobel+Laureates+Facts&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Funda%C3%A7%C3%A3o+Nobel&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Ffacts%2F&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Junker Miranda, Ulrika, 1953- (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/185236126"><i>Bonniers uppslagsbok&#160;: &#91;41000 uppslagsord, 1500 foton, 1450 illustrationer, 360 kartor, 1192 sidor&#93;</i></a>. Stockholm: Bonnier. p.&#160;691. <a href="/wiki/OCLC" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC">OCLC</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/185236126">185236126</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ALaureados+com+o+Nobel&amp;rft.au=Junker+Miranda%2C+Ulrika%2C+1953-&amp;rft.btitle=Bonniers+uppslagsbok+%3A+%5B41000+uppslagsord%2C+1500+foton%2C+1450+illustrationer%2C+360+kartor%2C+1192+sidor%5D&amp;rft.date=2007&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.pages=691&amp;rft.place=Stockholm&amp;rft.pub=Bonnier&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F185236126&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F185236126&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33"> !CS1 manut: Nomes múltiplos: lista de autores (<a href="/wiki/Categoria:!CS1_manut:_Nomes_m%C3%BAltiplos:_lista_de_autores" title="Categoria:!CS1 manut: Nomes múltiplos: lista de autores">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Lemmel, Birgitta (29 de junho de 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071026032605/http://nobelprize.org/nobelfoundation/history/lemmel/index.html">«The Nobel Foundation: A Century of Growth and Change»</a>. <i>Nobelprize.org</i> (em inglês)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 10 de novembro de 2020</span>. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nobelprize.org/nobelfoundation/history/lemmel/index.html">original</a> em 26 de outubro de 2007</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ALaureados+com+o+Nobel&amp;rft.atitle=The+Nobel+Foundation%3A+A+Century+of+Growth+and+Change&amp;rft.aufirst=Birgitta&amp;rft.aulast=Lemmel&amp;rft.date=2000-06-29&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Nobelprize.org&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnobelprize.org%2Fnobelfoundation%2Fhistory%2Flemmel%2Findex.html&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EB-NP-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-EB-NP_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Nobel-Prize">«Nobel Prize»</a> (em inglês). <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a>. 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 10 de novembro de 2020</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ALaureados+com+o+Nobel&amp;rft.btitle=Nobel+Prize&amp;rft.date=2007&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2FNobel-Prize&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170227184519/https://www.riksbank.se/en/The-Riksbank/Economics-prize/">«The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel»</a> (em inglês). Sveriges Riksbank<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 10 de novembro de 2020</span>. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.riksbank.se/en/The-Riksbank/Economics-prize/">original</a> em 27 de fevereiro de 2017. <q>Sveriges Riksbank’s Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel was established with a donation to the Nobel Foundation in connection with the Riksbank’s 300th anniversary in 1968.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ALaureados+com+o+Nobel&amp;rft.btitle=The+Sveriges+Riksbank+Prize+in+Economic+Sciences+in+Memory+of+Alfred+Nobel&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Sveriges+Riksbank&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.riksbank.se%2Fen%2FThe-Riksbank%2FEconomics-prize%2F&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NF-prizes-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-NF-prizes_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/5EsureXKk?url=http://nobelprize.org">«The Nobel Prize»</a> (em inglês). <a href="/wiki/Funda%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Nobel" title="Fundação Nobel">Fundação Nobel</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 10 de novembro de 2020</span>. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nobelprize.org">original</a> em 4 de abril de 2006. <q>In 1968, Sveriges Riksbank established The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel, founder of the Nobel Prize.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ALaureados+com+o+Nobel&amp;rft.btitle=The+Nobel+Prize&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Funda%C3%A7%C3%A3o+Nobel&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnobelprize.org&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bank-estab-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-bank-estab_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/5EsureXKk?url=http://nobelprize.org">«The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel»</a> (em inglês). <a href="/wiki/Funda%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Nobel" title="Fundação Nobel">Fundação Nobel</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 10 de novembro de 2020</span>. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nobelprize.org">original</a> em 4 de abril de 2006. <q>In 1968, Sveriges Riksbank (Sweden's central bank) established this Prize in memory of Alfred Nobel, founder of the Nobel Prize.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ALaureados+com+o+Nobel&amp;rft.btitle=The+Sveriges+Riksbank+Prize+in+Economic+Sciences+in+Memory+of+Alfred+Nobel&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Funda%C3%A7%C3%A3o+Nobel&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnobelprize.org&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/nomination/economic-sciences/">«Not a Nobel Prize»</a>. <i>Nomination and selection of Laureates in Economic Sciences</i> (em inglês). Estocolmo: Fundação Nobel<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 10 de novembro de 2020</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201022060913/https://www.nobelprize.org/nomination/economic-sciences/">Cópia arquivada em 22 de outubro de 2020</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ALaureados+com+o+Nobel&amp;rft.atitle=Not+a+Nobel+Prize&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Nomination+and+selection+of+Laureates+in+Economic+Sciences&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fnomination%2Feconomic-sciences%2F&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_organizations/org_structure.html">«Organization Structure: Spreading Information About the Nobel Prize»</a> (em inglês). <a href="/wiki/Funda%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Nobel" title="Fundação Nobel">Fundação Nobel</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 10 de novembro de 2020</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170106040247/https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_organizations/org_structure.html">Cópia arquivada em 6 de janeiro de 2017</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ALaureados+com+o+Nobel&amp;rft.btitle=Organization+Structure%3A+Spreading+Information+About+the+Nobel+Prize&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Funda%C3%A7%C3%A3o+Nobel&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fnobel_organizations%2Forg_structure.html&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/the-nobel-prize-organisation/prize-awarding-institutions/">«The Nobel Prize awarding institutions»</a>. Fundação Nobel<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 10 de novembro de 2020</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201022060834/https://www.nobelprize.org/the-nobel-prize-organisation/prize-awarding-institutions/">Cópia arquivada em 22 de outubro de 2020</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ALaureados+com+o+Nobel&amp;rft.btitle=The+Nobel+Prize+awarding+institutions&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Funda%C3%A7%C3%A3o+Nobel&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fthe-nobel-prize-organisation%2Fprize-awarding-institutions%2F&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NobelPrizeDescription-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-NobelPrizeDescription_11-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/">«The Nobel Prize»</a>. Fundação Nobel<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 10 de novembro de 2020</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201031030357/https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/">Cópia arquivada em 8 de novembro de 2020</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ALaureados+com+o+Nobel&amp;rft.btitle=The+Nobel+Prize&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Funda%C3%A7%C3%A3o+Nobel&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fprizes%2F&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180615112534/https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/about/amounts/prize_amounts_18.pdf">«The Nobel Prize Amounts»</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Fundação Nobel<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 14 de outubro de 2020</span>. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/about/amounts/prize_amounts_18.pdf">original</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> em 15 de junho de 2018</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ALaureados+com+o+Nobel&amp;rft.btitle=The+Nobel+Prize+Amounts&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Funda%C3%A7%C3%A3o+Nobel&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fabout%2Famounts%2Fprize_amounts_18.pdf&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/ceremonies/the-nobel-prize-award-ceremonies-and-banquets/">«The Nobel Prize Award Ceremonies»</a> (em inglês). Fundação Nobel<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 10 de novembro de 2020</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201108133926/https://www.nobelprize.org/ceremonies/the-nobel-prize-award-ceremonies-and-banquets/">Cópia arquivada em 8 de novembro de 2020</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ALaureados+com+o+Nobel&amp;rft.btitle=The+Nobel+Prize+Award+Ceremonies&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Funda%C3%A7%C3%A3o+Nobel&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fceremonies%2Fthe-nobel-prize-award-ceremonies-and-banquets%2F&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Ahmed Sayeed (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.pt/books/about/You_Must_Win_The_winner_can_create_Histo.html?id=GVeoDwAAQBAJ&amp;redir_esc=y"><i>You Must Win: The winner can create History</i></a> (em inglês). Índia: Prowess Publishing<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 10 de novembro de 2020</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ALaureados+com+o+Nobel&amp;rft.au=Ahmed+Sayeed&amp;rft.btitle=You+Must+Win%3A+The+winner+can+create+History&amp;rft.date=2019&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.place=%C3ndia&amp;rft.pub=Prowess+Publishing&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.pt%2Fbooks%2Fabout%2FYou_Must_Win_The_winner_can_create_Histo.html%3Fid%3DGVeoDwAAQBAJ%26redir_esc%3Dy&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PeacePrizeArticle-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-PeacePrizeArticle_15-0">a</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-PeacePrizeArticle_15-1">b</a></b></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/uncategorized/the-nobel-peace-prize-1901-2000-2/">«The Nobel Peace Prize 1901-2000»</a>. Fundação Nobel. 15 de março de 2001<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 10 de novembro de 2020</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201013022536/https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/uncategorized/the-nobel-peace-prize-1901-2000-2/">Cópia arquivada em 8 de novembro de 2020</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ALaureados+com+o+Nobel&amp;rft.btitle=The+Nobel+Peace+Prize+1901-2000&amp;rft.date=2001-03-15&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Funda%C3%A7%C3%A3o+Nobel&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fprizes%2Funcategorized%2Fthe-nobel-peace-prize-1901-2000-2%2F&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WomenLaureates-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-WomenLaureates_16-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/lists/nobel-prize-awarded-women/">«Women Nobel Laureates»</a> (em inglês). Fundaçao Nobel<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 10 de novembro de 2020</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201109025449/https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/lists/nobel-prize-awarded-women/">Cópia arquivada em 9 de novembro de 2020</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ALaureados+com+o+Nobel&amp;rft.btitle=Women+Nobel+Laureates&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Funda%C3%A7ao+Nobel&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fprizes%2Flists%2Fnobel-prize-awarded-women%2F&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PortugalLaureates-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-PortugalLaureates_17-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.natgeo.pt/ciencia/2018/09/os-nobel-e-os-10-quase-nobel-portugueses">«Os Nobel e os 10 quase-Nobel Portugueses»</a>. National Geographic<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 14 de outubro de 2020</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ALaureados+com+o+Nobel&amp;rft.btitle=Os+Nobel+e+os+10+quase-Nobel+Portugueses&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=National+Geographic&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.natgeo.pt%2Fciencia%2F2018%2F09%2Fos-nobel-e-os-10-quase-nobel-portugueses&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1996/belo/facts/">«The Nobel Peace Prize 1996»</a>. <i>NobelPrize.org</i> (em inglês)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 18 de agosto de 2022</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ALaureados+com+o+Nobel&amp;rft.atitle=The+Nobel+Peace+Prize+1996&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=NobelPrize.org&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fprizes%2Fpeace%2F1996%2Fbelo%2Ffacts%2F&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1996/ramos-horta/facts/">«The Nobel Peace Prize 1996»</a>. <i>NobelPrize.org</i> (em inglês)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 18 de agosto de 2022</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ALaureados+com+o+Nobel&amp;rft.atitle=The+Nobel+Peace+Prize+1996&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=NobelPrize.org&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fprizes%2Fpeace%2F1996%2Framos-horta%2Ffacts%2F&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/">«All Nobel Laureates in Physics»</a> (em inglês). Fundação Nobel<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 10 de novembro de 2020</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201108132724/https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/lists/all-nobel-prizes-in-physics/">Cópia arquivada em 8 de novembro de 2020</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ALaureados+com+o+Nobel&amp;rft.btitle=All+Nobel+Laureates+in+Physics&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Funda%C3%A7%C3%A3o+Nobel&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fphysics%2Flaureates%2F&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/">«All Nobel Laureates in Chemistry»</a> (em inglês). Fundação Nobel<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 10 de novembro de 2020</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201107040550/https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/lists/all-nobel-prizes-in-chemistry/">Cópia arquivada em 8 de novembro de 2020</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ALaureados+com+o+Nobel&amp;rft.btitle=All+Nobel+Laureates+in+Chemistry&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Funda%C3%A7%C3%A3o+Nobel&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fchemistry%2Flaureates%2F&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/">«All Nobel Laureates in Medicine»</a> (em inglês). Fundação Nobel<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 10 de novembro de 2020</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201101150242/https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/lists/all-nobel-laureates-in-physiology-or-medicine/">Cópia arquivada em 8 de novembro de 2020</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ALaureados+com+o+Nobel&amp;rft.btitle=All+Nobel+Laureates+in+Medicine&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Funda%C3%A7%C3%A3o+Nobel&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fmedicine%2Flaureates%2F&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/">«All Nobel Laureates in Literature»</a> (em inglês). Fundação Nobel<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 10 de novembro de 2020</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201108122244/https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/lists/all-nobel-prizes-in-literature/">Cópia arquivada em 8 de novembro de 2020</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ALaureados+com+o+Nobel&amp;rft.btitle=All+Nobel+Laureates+in+Literature&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Funda%C3%A7%C3%A3o+Nobel&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fliterature%2Flaureates%2F&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/">«All Nobel Peace Prize Laureates»</a> (em inglês). Fundação Nobel<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 10 de novembro de 2020</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201103132227/https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/lists/all-nobel-peace-prizes/">Cópia arquivada em 8 de novembro de 2020</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ALaureados+com+o+Nobel&amp;rft.btitle=All+Nobel+Peace+Prize+Laureates&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Funda%C3%A7%C3%A3o+Nobel&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fpeace%2Flaureates%2F&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/economics/laureates/">«All Laureates in Economics»</a> (em inglês). Fundação Nobel<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 10 de novembro de 2020</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201108182920/https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/lists/all-prizes-in-economic-sciences/">Cópia arquivada em 8 de novembro de 2020</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ALaureados+com+o+Nobel&amp;rft.btitle=All+Laureates+in+Economics&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Funda%C3%A7%C3%A3o+Nobel&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Feconomics%2Flaureates%2F&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/nomination/peace/">«Nomination and selection of Nobel Peace Prize laureates»</a>. <i>NobelPrize.org</i> (em inglês)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 10 de outubro de 2022</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ALaureados+com+o+Nobel&amp;rft.atitle=Nomination+and+selection+of+Nobel+Peace+Prize+laureates&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=NobelPrize.org&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fnomination%2Fpeace%2F&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelpeaceprize.org/nobel-peace-prize/nomination/confidentiality">«Confidentiality - Nobel Peace Prize»</a>. <i>www.nobelpeaceprize.org</i> (em inglês). 30 de agosto de 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 10 de outubro de 2022</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ALaureados+com+o+Nobel&amp;rft.atitle=Confidentiality+-+Nobel+Peace+Prize&amp;rft.date=2021-08-30&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.nobelpeaceprize.org&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelpeaceprize.org%2Fnobel-peace-prize%2Fnomination%2Fconfidentiality&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-28">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Castro, Gabriel de Arruda (11 de outubro de 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gazetadopovo.com.br/educacao/o-nobel-que-o-brasil-ganhou-e-ninguem-sabia-78pavf4xstt2d1pggqw16c5lj/">«O Nobel que o Brasil ganhou e ninguém sabia»</a>. <i>Gazeta do Povo</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 19 de outubro de 2020</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ALaureados+com+o+Nobel&amp;rft.atitle=O+Nobel+que+o+Brasil+ganhou+e+ningu%C3%A9m+sabia&amp;rft.aufirst=Gabriel+de+Arruda&amp;rft.aulast=Castro&amp;rft.date=2017-10-11&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Gazeta+do+Povo&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gazetadopovo.com.br%2Feducacao%2Fo-nobel-que-o-brasil-ganhou-e-ninguem-sabia-78pavf4xstt2d1pggqw16c5lj%2F&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-29">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Tønnesson, Øyvind (1 de dezembro de 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/themes/mahatma-gandhi-the-missing-laureate/">«Mahatma Gandhi, the Missing Laureates»</a> (em inglês). Fundação Nobel<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 10 de novembro de 2020</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201108141516/https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/themes/mahatma-gandhi-the-missing-laureate/">Cópia arquivada em 8 de novembro de 2020</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ALaureados+com+o+Nobel&amp;rft.aufirst=%C3%98yvind&amp;rft.aulast=T%C3%B8nnesson&amp;rft.btitle=Mahatma+Gandhi%2C+the+Missing+Laureates&amp;rft.date=1999-12-01&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Funda%C3%A7%C3%A3o+Nobel&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fprizes%2Fthemes%2Fmahatma-gandhi-the-missing-laureate%2F&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-30">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/2010/ceremony-speech/">«The Nobel Peace Prize 2010 - Presentation Speech»</a> (em inglês). Fundação Nobel<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 10 de novembro de 2020</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201108222202/https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/2010/ceremony-speech/">Cópia arquivada em 8 de novembro de 2020</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ALaureados+com+o+Nobel&amp;rft.btitle=The+Nobel+Peace+Prize+2010+-+Presentation+Speech&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Funda%C3%A7%C3%A3o+Nobel&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fprizes%2Fpeace%2F2010%2Fceremony-speech%2F&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-31">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://g1.globo.com/mundo/noticia/2014/10/malala-passa-ser-pessoa-mais-jovem-ganhar-um-nobel-veja-lista.html">«Malala passa a ser a pessoa mais jovem a ganhar um Nobel; veja lista»</a>. 10 de outubro de 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 5 de outubro de 2016</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ALaureados+com+o+Nobel&amp;rft.btitle=Malala+passa+a+ser+a+pessoa+mais+jovem+a+ganhar+um+Nobel%3B+veja+lista&amp;rft.date=2014-10-10&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fg1.globo.com%2Fmundo%2Fnoticia%2F2014%2F10%2Fmalala-passa-ser-pessoa-mais-jovem-ganhar-um-nobel-veja-lista.html&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-32">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Henley, Jon (10 de outubro de 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/books/2019/oct/10/nobel-prize-for-literature-to-be-awarded-twice-after-sexual-assault-scandal">«Two Nobel literature prizes to be awarded after sexual assault scandal»</a>. <i>The Guardian</i> (em inglês)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 14 de outubro de 2020</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ALaureados+com+o+Nobel&amp;rft.atitle=Two+Nobel+literature+prizes+to+be+awarded+after+sexual+assault+scandal&amp;rft.aufirst=Jon&amp;rft.aulast=Henley&amp;rft.date=2019-10-10&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fbooks%2F2019%2Foct%2F10%2Fnobel-prize-for-literature-to-be-awarded-twice-after-sexual-assault-scandal&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ligações_externas"><span id="Liga.C3.A7.C3.B5es_externas"></span>Ligações externas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laureados_com_o_Nobel&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=7" title="Editar secção: Ligações externas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laureados_com_o_Nobel&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Ligações externas"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="noprint" style="clear: right; border: solid #aaa 1px; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; font-size: 90%; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f9f9f9); color: inherit; width: 238px; padding: 5px; spacing: 0px; text-align: center; float: right;"> <div style="float: left; vertical-align:middle;"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/22px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/33px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/44px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div style="margin-left: 30px; line-height:normal; vertical-align:middle;">O <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A1gina_principal" class="extiw" title="commons:Página principal">Commons</a> possui uma <i>categoria</i> com imagens e outros ficheiros sobre <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Nobel_laureates?uselang=pt">Laureados com o Nobel</a></span></b></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kva.se/en/">Site Oficial da Academia Real das Ciências da Suécia</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nobelprize.org/">Site Oficial da Fundação Nobel</a></li></ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Prêmios_Nobel" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-ver"><a href="/wiki/Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Pr%C3%AAmio_Nobel" title="Predefinição:Prêmio Nobel"><abbr title="Ver esta predefinição" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-discutir"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Discuss%C3%A3o:Pr%C3%AAmio_Nobel&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Predefinição Discussão:Prêmio Nobel (página não existe)"><abbr title="Discutir esta predefinição" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">d</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-editar"><a class="external text" href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Pr%C3%AAmio_Nobel&amp;action=edit"><abbr title="Editar esta predefinição" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Prêmios_Nobel" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Prêmios Nobel</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nobel_de_F%C3%ADsica" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobel de Física">Física</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nobel_de_Qu%C3%ADmica" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobel de Química">Química</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nobel_de_Fisiologia_ou_Medicina" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobel de Fisiologia ou Medicina">Fisiologia ou Medicina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nobel_de_Literatura" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobel de Literatura">Literatura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nobel_da_Paz" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobel da Paz">Paz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%A9mio_de_Ci%C3%AAncias_Econ%C3%B3micas_em_Mem%C3%B3ria_de_Alfred_Nobel" title="Prémio de Ciências Económicas em Memória de Alfred Nobel">Ciências Económicas</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lista de laureados</a></i> </p> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐6f4956b788‐4bhxf Cached time: 20241128201643 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [show‐toc] CPU time usage: 1.726 seconds Real time usage: 1.903 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 32399/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 320672/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 44599/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 11/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 42778/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.438/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 3415967/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 1216.351 1 -total 36.59% 445.082 1 Predefinição:Referências 31.02% 377.329 979 Predefinição:Sortname 27.88% 339.118 28 Predefinição:Citar_web 10.07% 122.510 1 Predefinição:Controle_de_autoridade 3.54% 43.080 2 Predefinição:Língua_com_nome 3.38% 41.111 1 Predefinição:Lista_destacada 3.20% 38.937 1 Predefinição:Lang-sv 3.12% 37.918 1 Predefinição:Top_icon 3.05% 37.044 5 Predefinição:Língua-meta --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key ptwiki:pcache:idhash:4338379-0!canonical and timestamp 20241128201643 and revision id 68799215. 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