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<span class="mntl-attribution__item-descriptor">By</span> <div data-tooltip="Lloyd Alter is Design Editor for Treehugger and teaches Sustainable Design at Ryerson University in Toronto." tabindex="0" data-inline-tooltip="true"> <a href="https://www.treehugger.com/lloyd-alter-4845355" rel="nocaes" data-trigger-link="true" class="mntl-attribution__item-name" tabindex="-1" >Lloyd Alter</a> <div id="mntl-author-tooltip_1-0" class="comp mntl-author-tooltip mntl-tooltip mntl-group"> <div class="mntl-author-tooltip__top "> <div class="mntl-author-tooltip__image-wrapper"> <div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:125.0%;"> <img data-src="https://www.treehugger.com/thmb/ZxjEVhrZytXIC_YWz2V9Twiy0hc=/40x40/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Lloyd-Alter-bw-883700895c6844cf9127ab9289968e93.jpg" alt="Lloyd Alter" class="lazyload mntl-author-tooltip__image" width="40" height="40" /> <noscript> <img 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Design at Ryerson University in Toronto. </div> </div> <div class="mntl-author-tooltip__bottom"> <span class="mntl-author-tooltip__learn-more-text">Learn about our </span> <a href="/about-us-5024862#toc-editorial-guidelines" rel="nocaes" class="mntl-author-tooltip__learn-more-link" >editorial process</a> </div> </div></div> </div> <div class="mntl-attribution__item-date">Published January 07, 2022</div></div> <div id="mntl-bylines__group_2-0" class="comp mntl-bylines__group mntl-block mntl-bylines__group--fact_checker"><div id="mntl-bylines__item_2-0" class="comp mntl-bylines__item mntl-attribution__item "><svg class="icon reviewer-icon mntl-attribution__item-icon" > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#reviewer-icon" href="#reviewer-icon"></use> </svg> <span class="mntl-attribution__item-descriptor">Fact checked by</span> <div data-tooltip="<p>Katherine Martinko is an expert in sustainable living. 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</noscript> </div> </div> <figcaption id="primary-image__figcap_1-0" class="comp primary-image__figcap mntl-figure-caption figure-article-caption"> <span class="figure-article-caption-owner">VÃctor Augusto MendÃvil / Getty Images</span> </figcaption></figure> </div><div class="loc article-left-rail"> <div id="breadcrumbs-list_2-0" class="comp breadcrumbs-list " data-tracking-container="true"> <span class="breadcrumbs-list-title"> <a href="https://www.treehugger.com/treehugger-voices-4846082" rel="nocaes" >News</a> </span> <ul class="breadcrumbs-list-list"> <li class="breadcrumbs-list-item tax-one-item"> <a href="https://www.treehugger.com/environment-news-4846089" rel="nocaes" data-ordinal="1" class="breadcrumbs-list-link" > Environment <svg class="icon icon-caret-right breadcrumbs-list-icon" > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-caret-right" href="#icon-caret-right"></use> </svg> </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumbs-list-item tax-one-item"> <a 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structured-content expert-content" data-sc-sticky-offset="92" data-sc-ad-label-height="24" data-sc-ad-track-spacing="100" data-sc-min-track-height="250" data-sc-max-track-height="600" data-sc-breakpoint="50em" data-sc-load-immediate="3" data-sc-content-positions="[1, 1050, 1250, 1550, 1950, 2350, 2750, 3150]" data-bind-scroll-on-start="true"><p id="mntl-sc-block_1-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html"> When reading the recent study, "<a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41558-021-01219-y" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" data-ordinal="1" rel="nofollow">Demand-side solutions to climate change mitigation consistent with high levels of well-being</a>," a suggestion for reducing energy costs and carbon emissions caught my eye: "Replace artificial light with daylighting and use lighting sensors to avoid demand for lumens from artificial light."<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="1"></span> A citation in the study led to further research which claimed daylighting saved energy,<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="2"></span> but it was written in 2002—long before LEDs and solid-state lighting were invented. </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_2-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <p id="mntl-sc-block_3-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html"> I thought about it again when I saw the pitch for this new Solatube Tubular Daylighting Device (TDD) design that integrated LEDs. We wrote about Solatubes in the early days of Treehugger, touting it as a way of getting natural (and free) light into interior spaces. As Solatube International notes in its <a href="https://www.v2com-newswire.com/en/newsroom/categories/product-design/press-kits/5826-01/solatube-international-introduces-the-integrated-led-light-kit" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" data-ordinal="1">press release</a>: </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_4-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <blockquote id="mntl-sc-block_5-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html"> "Cost-effective, energy-efficient, and eco-friendly, a Solatube TDD harvests daylight at the rooftop, transfers it down a highly reflective tube, and distributes it evenly into an interior space through a diffuser at the ceiling—on both sunny and cloudy days—with virtually no maintenance." </blockquote> <div id="mntl-sc-block_6-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <figure id="mntl-sc-block_7-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block green-sc-block-image mntl-sc-block-universal-image mntl-sc-block-image--no-theme mntl-sc-block-image figure-landscape figure-high-res"> <div class="figure-media"> <div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:60.7%;"> <img data-src="https://www.treehugger.com/thmb/C-EnL1LYM7er5CuLjDzzrx_Cawg=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/70416-full_5826-1_70416_sc_v2com2-2cb5c8e1f3c244d6bf1071e42e0406aa.jpg" width="1994" height="1211" data-srcset="https://www.treehugger.com/thmb/nNFXB3ZqMYqybVNaH2KhkqC7bBw=/750x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/70416-full_5826-1_70416_sc_v2com2-2cb5c8e1f3c244d6bf1071e42e0406aa.jpg 750w" data-sizes="750px" alt="Solatube" class="lazyload universal-image__image" data-expand="300" id=mntl-sc-block-image_1-0 data-tracking-container="true" data-img-lightbox="true" data-click-tracked="true" /> <noscript> <img src="https://www.treehugger.com/thmb/C-EnL1LYM7er5CuLjDzzrx_Cawg=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/70416-full_5826-1_70416_sc_v2com2-2cb5c8e1f3c244d6bf1071e42e0406aa.jpg" width="1994" height="1211" class="img--noscript universal-image__image" srcset="https://www.treehugger.com/thmb/nNFXB3ZqMYqybVNaH2KhkqC7bBw=/750x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/70416-full_5826-1_70416_sc_v2com2-2cb5c8e1f3c244d6bf1071e42e0406aa.jpg 750w" sizes="750px" alt="Solatube" /> </noscript> </div> </div> <figcaption id="mntl-figure-caption_1-0" class="comp mntl-figure-caption type--mouse figure-article-caption"> <span class="figure-article-caption-text">New Solatube design has built-in LEDs.</span> <span class="figure-article-caption-owner"><p>Solatube</p></span> </figcaption></figure> <p id="mntl-sc-block_8-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html"> The new design with the LEDs is pitched as the best of both worlds. </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_9-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <blockquote id="mntl-sc-block_10-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html"> “We developed the commercial Integrated LED Light Kit in response to our customers’ desire for technology that would provide optimal lighting and energy savings,” said Robert E. Westfall Jr., President of Solatube International. “It’s an intelligent fusion of natural light and LED lighting that makes for a clean ceiling design.” </blockquote> <div id="mntl-sc-block_11-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <p id="mntl-sc-block_12-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html"> We have written many times on Treehugger about the importance of windows and how humans need access to natural light to <a href="https://www.treehugger.com/whats-circadian-supportive-lighting-and-do-i-need-it-my-home-or-office-4853009" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" data-ordinal="1">keep our circadian rhythms in tune</a>. We recently <a href="https://www.treehugger.com/windows-deliver-more-than-light-air-5203630" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" data-ordinal="2">covered a Swedish study </a>that concluded windows have important social and psychological functions. </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_13-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <p id="mntl-sc-block_14-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html"> But in this age of LEDs, I wondered, is it still even true that windows provide energy or carbon savings by reducing the need for artificial light? When that 2002 study was done, lighting was incandescent, which delivered 12 lumens per watt of electricity, or fluorescent tubes, which delivered about 60 lumens per watt.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="2"></span> Now we have LED fixtures and bulbs that deliver over 200 lumens per watt. </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_15-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <p id="mntl-sc-block_16-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html"> Windows, on the other hand, are transparent to heat as well as light. Thermally, the best window doesn't perform as well as the worst wall. I wondered how many watts it takes to heat or cool a space that has windows sized for lighting. </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_17-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <p id="mntl-sc-block_18-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html"> The Solatube is an interesting example because it doesn't provide a view or ventilation but probably does allow some heat gain or loss. They <a href="https://www.solatube.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/900195-Thermal-Performance-Characteristics-v1.7.pdf" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" data-ordinal="1">publish the data</a> but I haven't done a heat calculation in many years and can't answer the question: Does it take more watts to cool heat or cool the space because the Solatube or a window is there than it would to get the equivalent light out of LEDs? </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_19-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <p id="mntl-sc-block_20-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html"> Nick Grant, the founder of <a href="https://www.elementalsolutions.co.uk/" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" data-ordinal="1" rel="nofollow">Elemental Solutions</a>, has run the numbers on windows in Passivhaus designs; I quoted him in "<a href="https://www.treehugger.com/windows-are-hard-5093282" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" data-ordinal="2">Windows Are Hard</a>," noting windows should have "size and position [that] are dictated by views and daylight" rather than energy gain or loss. I asked him what he thought about windows as light sources. He responded with a concern that architects might all turn into <a href="https://www.treehugger.com/dormzilla-causes-outrage-environmental-nightmare-5208083" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" data-ordinal="3">Charlie Munger, designing windowless buildings</a>. </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_21-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <p id="mntl-sc-block_22-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html"> He also thought it would be a tough calculation. "Quite possible that modern LEDs could be more efficient than windows but I’d take that as a reason not to overdo the windows rather than to avoid windows! In terms of doing the sums you could prove anything depending on assumptions," said Grant.<br/> </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_23-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <p id="mntl-sc-block_24-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html"> He shares my view that windows should be designed to frame a view and for psychological purposes. "Despite my banging on about efficiency and sufficiency, I’m partial to the odd window placed for a Zen view or mid-winter sunbeam that does nothing for heating or daylight but lifts the spirits," said Grant. </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_25-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <figure id="mntl-sc-block_26-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block green-sc-block-image mntl-sc-block-universal-image mntl-sc-block-image--no-theme mntl-sc-block-image figure-landscape figure-high-res"> <div class="figure-media"> <div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:75.0%;"> <img data-src="https://www.treehugger.com/thmb/aNtKopR0HpfiN1YvFN9FwaKT2Ng=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/window-6452a06c64984523a233c66b73ceca5f.jpeg" width="1280" height="960" data-srcset="https://www.treehugger.com/thmb/FU4DGOQ7IRfWwKz8uU39mvWLy6A=/750x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/window-6452a06c64984523a233c66b73ceca5f.jpeg 750w" data-sizes="750px" alt="Window with view" class="lazyload universal-image__image" data-expand="300" id=mntl-sc-block-image_2-0 data-tracking-container="true" data-img-lightbox="true" data-click-tracked="true" /> <noscript> <img src="https://www.treehugger.com/thmb/aNtKopR0HpfiN1YvFN9FwaKT2Ng=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/window-6452a06c64984523a233c66b73ceca5f.jpeg" width="1280" height="960" class="img--noscript universal-image__image" srcset="https://www.treehugger.com/thmb/FU4DGOQ7IRfWwKz8uU39mvWLy6A=/750x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/window-6452a06c64984523a233c66b73ceca5f.jpeg 750w" sizes="750px" alt="Window with view" /> </noscript> </div> </div> <figcaption id="mntl-figure-caption_2-0" class="comp mntl-figure-caption type--mouse figure-article-caption"> <span class="figure-article-caption-owner"><p>Nick Grant</p></span> </figcaption></figure> <p id="mntl-sc-block_27-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html"> Grant adds:<br/> </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_28-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <blockquote id="mntl-sc-block_29-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html"> "Slate Cottage by Charles Grylls and built by Mike Whitfield had a lot of thought put into window placement and I think it works great. Budget was small but design aspirations high so every window had to work for its keep." </blockquote> <div id="mntl-sc-block_30-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <p id="mntl-sc-block_31-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html"> Architects previously designed windows as a source of heat, combined with thermal mass for storage. It was hard to get right. Writing in <a href="https://www.greenbuildingadvisor.com/article/gba-prime-sneak-peek-reassessing-passive-solar-design-principles" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" data-ordinal="1">Green Building Advisor</a>, Martin Holladay concluded windows “should be limited to that necessary to meet the functional and aesthetic needs of the building.” </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_32-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <p id="mntl-sc-block_33-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html"> The Turkish playwright Mehmet Murat Ildan wrote, “Your desire to be near to window is your desire to be close to life!” They are wonderful things that should be in every habitable room. But we should measure their impact on well-being and happiness—not watts or lumens. </p></div></div> </div><div class="loc article-post-content"><div id="sources-and-citation_1-0" class="comp sources-and-citation mntl-sources-and-citation mntl-block has-sources"><div id="mntl-article-sources_1-0" class="comp mntl-article-sources mntl-expandable-block" data-scroll-offset="92"><div class="loc toggle-content"><div id="mntl-article-sources__wrapper_1-0" class="comp mntl-article-sources__wrapper mntl-block" data-click-tracked="true"><span id="mntl-article-sources__heading_1-0" class="comp mntl-article-sources__heading mntl-text-block type--squirrel-link">View Article Sources</span> <svg class="icon icon-sources-show show-icon" > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-sources-show" href="#icon-sources-show"></use> </svg> <svg class="icon icon-sources-hide hide-icon" > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-sources-hide" href="#icon-sources-hide"></use> </svg></div> </div><div class="loc expandable-content"> <div id="mntl-article-sources__citation-sources_1-0" class="comp mntl-article-sources__citation-sources mntl-citation-sources mntl-sources" data-tracking-container="true"> <ol class="mntl-sources__content"> <li class="mntl-sources__source" id="citation-1"><p>Creutzig, F., Niamir, L., Bai, X. et al. <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41558-021-01219-y" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" data-ordinal="1">Demand-side solutions to climate change mitigation consistent with high levels of well-being</a>. Nat. Clim. Change, 25 Nov. 2021., doi:10.1038/s41558-021-01219-y</p></li> <li class="mntl-sources__source" id="citation-2"><p>M Bodart, A De Herde. "<a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0378778801001177" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" data-ordinal="1">Global energy savings in offices buildings by the use of daylighting</a>." Energy and Buildings, vol. 34, no. 5, 2002, pp. 421-429, doi:10.1016/S0378-7788(01)00117-7</p></li> </ol> </div> </div></div></div> </div><div class="loc article-right-rail"><div id="mm-ads-right-rail_1-0" class="comp mm-ads-right-rail mntl-block"><div id="sc-billboard-group_1-0" class="comp sc-billboard-group mntl-block js-scads-inline-content"><div id="mntl-block_2-0" class="comp mntl-block"><div id="green-billboard1-sticky-dynamic_1-0" class="comp green-billboard1-sticky-dynamic mntl-block"><div id="mm-ads-sc-sticky-square-ad_1-0" class="comp mm-ads-sc-sticky-square-ad mm-ads-squareFlex1-sticky mm-ads-sc-sticky-square scads-to-load right-rail__item" data-height="1050" style="height: 1050px;"><div id="mm-ads-sc-sticky-square-ad_2-0" class="comp mm-ads-sc-sticky-square-ad mm-ads-square mm-ads-gpt-adunit gpt square "> <div id="square-flex-1" class="wrapper" ></div> </div></div></div></div> <div id="mntl-block_3-0" class="comp mntl-block"><div id="green-billboard2-sticky-dynamic_1-0" class="comp green-billboard2-sticky-dynamic mntl-block"><div id="mm-ads-sc-sticky-square-ad_3-0" class="comp mm-ads-sc-sticky-square-ad mm-ads-squareFlex2-sticky-dynamic mm-ads-sc-sticky-square scads-to-load right-rail__item" data-height="600" style="height: 600px;"><div id="mm-ads-sc-sticky-square-ad_4-0" class="comp mm-ads-sc-sticky-square-ad mm-ads-square mm-ads-gpt-adunit gpt square dynamic"> <div id="square-flex-2" class="wrapper" data-type="square" data-pos="btf1" data-priority="2" data-sizes="[[300, 250],[300, 600],[160, 600],"fluid"]" data-rtb="true" data-wait-for-third-party="false" data-targeting="{}"></div> </div></div></div></div> <div id="mntl-block_4-0" class="comp mntl-block"><div id="mm-ads-native_1-0" class="comp mm-ads-native " style="--native-ad-height: auto"><div id="mm-ads-native__adunit_1-0" class="comp mm-ads-native__adunit mm-ads-gpt-dynamic-adunit mm-ads-gpt-adunit scads-to-load gpt native dynamic"> <div id="native" class="wrapper" data-type="native" 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green-billboard4-sticky-dynamic mntl-block"><div id="mm-ads-sc-sticky-square-ad_7-0" class="comp mm-ads-sc-sticky-square-ad mm-ads-squareFixed-sticky-dynamic mm-ads-sc-sticky-square scads-to-load right-rail__item" data-height="600" style="height: 600px;"><div id="mm-ads-sc-sticky-square-ad_8-0" class="comp mm-ads-sc-sticky-square-ad mm-ads-square mm-ads-gpt-adunit gpt square dynamic"> <div id="square-fixed" class="wrapper" data-type="square" data-pos="atf" data-priority="2" data-sizes="[[300, 250],"fluid"]" data-rtb="true" data-wait-for-third-party="false" data-targeting="{}"></div> </div></div></div></div> <div id="mntl-block_7-0" class="comp mntl-block"><div id="green-billboard5-sticky-dynamic_1-0" class="comp green-billboard5-sticky-dynamic mntl-block"><div id="mm-ads-sc-sticky-square-ad_9-0" class="comp mm-ads-sc-sticky-square-ad mm-ads-squareFixed-sticky-dynamic mm-ads-sc-sticky-square scads-to-load right-rail__item" data-height="600" style="height: 600px;"><div id="mm-ads-sc-sticky-square-ad_10-0" class="comp mm-ads-sc-sticky-square-ad mm-ads-square mm-ads-gpt-adunit gpt square dynamic"> <div id="square-fixed" class="wrapper" data-type="square" data-pos="atf" data-priority="2" data-sizes="[[300, 250],"fluid"]" data-rtb="true" data-wait-for-third-party="false" data-targeting="{}"></div> </div></div></div></div> <div id="mntl-block_8-0" class="comp mntl-block"><div id="green-billboard6-sticky-dynamic_1-0" class="comp green-billboard6-sticky-dynamic mntl-block"><div id="mm-ads-sc-sticky-square-ad_11-0" class="comp mm-ads-sc-sticky-square-ad mm-ads-squareFixed-sticky-dynamic mm-ads-sc-sticky-square scads-to-load right-rail__item" data-height="600" style="height: 600px;"><div id="mm-ads-sc-sticky-square-ad_12-0" class="comp mm-ads-sc-sticky-square-ad mm-ads-square mm-ads-gpt-adunit gpt square dynamic"> <div id="square-fixed" class="wrapper" data-type="square" data-pos="atf" data-priority="2" data-sizes="[[300, 250],"fluid"]" data-rtb="true" data-wait-for-third-party="false" data-targeting="{}"></div> </div></div></div></div> <div id="mntl-block_9-0" class="comp mntl-block"><div id="green-billboard7-sticky-dynamic_1-0" class="comp green-billboard7-sticky-dynamic mntl-block"><div id="mm-ads-sc-sticky-square-ad_13-0" class="comp mm-ads-sc-sticky-square-ad mm-ads-squareFixed-sticky-dynamic mm-ads-sc-sticky-square scads-to-load right-rail__item" data-height="600" style="height: 600px;"><div id="mm-ads-sc-sticky-square-ad_14-0" class="comp mm-ads-sc-sticky-square-ad mm-ads-square mm-ads-gpt-adunit gpt square dynamic"> <div id="square-fixed" class="wrapper" data-type="square" data-pos="atf" data-priority="2" data-sizes="[[300, 250],"fluid"]" data-rtb="true" data-wait-for-third-party="false" data-targeting="{}"></div> </div></div></div></div> <div id="mntl-block_10-0" class="comp mntl-block"></div> <div id="mntl-block_11-0" class="comp mntl-block"></div> <div id="mntl-block_12-0" class="comp mntl-block"></div></div></div> 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