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p-24px mx-20px rounded-5px mob-region-sel-holder"> <div class="text-333333 font-euclidcircularb font-bold pb-12px border-b-1 border-light text-20px"> Select Region </div> <div> <ul> <li class="mt-24px flex items-center curr-region-sel cursor-pointer active" data-curr-region="usa"> <div class="mr-26px"> <div class="radio-outer"> <div class="radio-inner"></div> </div> </div> <div class="flex items-center"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://www.forbes.com/advisor/wp-content/themes/fadv/assets/img/usa-icon.svg" alt="US" class="w-24px h-16px mr-15px" /> <span class="font-euclidcircularb-regular text-20px text-333333 leading-30px">United States</span> </div> </li> <li class="mt-24px flex items-center curr-region-sel cursor-pointer" data-curr-region="uk"> <div class="mr-26px"> <div class="radio-outer"> <div class="radio-inner"></div> </div> </div> <div class="flex items-center"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://www.forbes.com/advisor/wp-content/themes/fadv/assets/img/uk-icon.svg" alt="UK" class="w-24px h-16px mr-15px" /> <span class="font-euclidcircularb-regular text-20px text-333333 leading-30px">United Kingdom</span> </div> </li> <li class="mt-24px flex items-center curr-region-sel cursor-pointer" data-curr-region="de"> <div class="mr-26px"> <div class="radio-outer"> <div class="radio-inner"></div> </div> </div> <div class="flex items-center"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://www.forbes.com/advisor/wp-content/themes/fadv/assets/img/de-icon.svg" alt="DE" class="w-24px h-16px mr-15px" /> <span class="font-euclidcircularb-regular text-20px text-333333 leading-30px">Germany</span> </div> </li> <li class="mt-24px flex items-center curr-region-sel cursor-pointer" data-curr-region="in"> <div class="mr-26px"> <div class="radio-outer"> <div class="radio-inner"></div> </div> </div> <div class="flex items-center"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://www.forbes.com/advisor/wp-content/themes/fadv/assets/img/in-icon.svg" alt="IN" class="w-24px h-16px mr-15px" /> <span class="font-euclidcircularb-regular text-20px text-333333 leading-30px">India</span> </div> </li> <li class="mt-24px flex items-center curr-region-sel cursor-pointer" data-curr-region="au"> <div class="mr-26px"> <div class="radio-outer"> <div class="radio-inner"></div> </div> </div> <div class="flex items-center"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://www.forbes.com/advisor/wp-content/themes/fadv/assets/img/au-icon.svg" alt="AU" class="w-24px h-16px mr-15px" /> <span class="font-euclidcircularb-regular text-20px text-333333 leading-30px">Australia</span> </div> </li> <li class="mt-24px flex items-center curr-region-sel cursor-pointer" data-curr-region="it"> <div class="mr-26px"> <div class="radio-outer"> <div class="radio-inner"></div> </div> </div> <div class="flex items-center"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://www.forbes.com/advisor/wp-content/themes/fadv/assets/img/it-icon.svg" alt="IT" class="w-24px h-16px mr-15px" /> <span class="font-euclidcircularb-regular text-20px text-333333 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She has been featured in publications such as L.A. Times, Tom's Guide, Investopedia and various newspapers across the U.S. </p> </div> </div> <div class="author-data mt-6 lg:mt-0"> <nav class="c-tabs border-t-0" data-toggle="c-tabs" role="navigation"> <ul class="c-tab--navigation"> <li class="c-tab--item"> <a href="#custom-tab" class="active">About</a> </li> <li class="c-tab--item"> <a href="#editorial-stream" >Latest Articles</a> </li> <li class="c-tab--item"> <a href="#archive">Archive</a> </li> <li class="c-tab--slider"> <div class="c-tab-indicator"></div> </li> </ul> </nav> <div class="author-data-tab-container px-4 lg:px-8 py-6 border mb-8"> <div id="custom-tab" class="c-tab--content wysiwyg-content author-about-content active"> <p>After decades of experience as a journalist, Amy Nichol Smith combined her love of research and writing with her passion for technology. She spent years using a scientific approach to testing and reviewing tech products and software to offer unbiased reviews for consumers and small business owners. Her reviews appeared in various publications, including Forbes, Tom’s Guide, Business.com, TopTenReviews and FitSmallBusiness. Currently, she serves as the productivity apps product reviewer for Forbes Advisor.</p> <h2>Expertise</h2> <ul> <li>Small business software</li> <li>Productivity apps</li> <li>Website builders</li> <li>VPNs</li> <li>Web hosting</li> </ul> <h2>Achievements</h2> <ul> <li>20+ years of experience as a journalist and editor</li> <li>10+ years of experience as a tech tester and reviewer</li> <li>Featured in nationally known publications, such as L.A. Times and Reader’s Digest</li> </ul> <h2>Other Publications</h2> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.business.com/articles/financing-your-retail-store/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://www.business.com/articles/financing-your-retail-store/</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.investopedia.com/best-payroll-software-5088638" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://www.investopedia.com/best-payroll-software-5088638</a></li> <li><a href="https://digital.com/best-project-management-software/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://digital.com/best-project-management-software/</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.chilipiper.com/article/what-is-lead-generation" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://www.chilipiper.com/article/what-is-lead-generation</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="c-tab--content csr-common-stream " id="editorial-stream"> <ul class="edittools-stream"> <li class="stream-article et-promoblock-removeable-item et-promoblock-star-item ng-scope "> <div class="ng-scope"> <div class="ng-scope"> <div class="stream-article-wrapper ng-scope"> <div class="stream-article-text"> <h6 class="article-meta"> <span class="ng-scope"> <time class="article-time ng-binding">4 months ago</time> </span> </h6> <a href="https://www.forbes.com/advisor/business/software/sunsama-review/" aria-label="Sunsama Review 2024: Features, Pros And Cons"> <h2 class="fs-h2 article-headline ng-isolate-scope"> <span class="brand-voice-name ng-scope"> <span class="ng-binding">Sunsama Review 2024: Features, Pros And Cons</span> </span> </h2> </a> <div class="stream-article-desc"> Sunsama is a productivity app that focuses on personal time and task management through daily planning. It integrates with the most popular calendars and email clients (Google and Outlook) and provides an easy solution to decision fatigue and overscheduling. 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It includes some unique features that help you manage... </div> <div class="article-footer"> <div class="csf-sharing csf-block-sharing csf-block-sharing-small clearfix ng-isolate-scope"> <ul class="csf-sharing-list hide-icons"> <li class="fs-icon-share"> <button class="button" aria-label="Share"> <i class="icon icon-share"></i> </button> </li> <li class="facebook expandable"> <button class="button" aria-label="Share Facebook" onclick="(function(){window.open('https://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=https://www.forbes.com/advisor/business/software/meistertask-review/','_blank');})()"> <i class="icon icon-facebook"></i> </button> </li> <li class="twitter expandable"> <button class="button" aria-label="Share Twitter" onclick="(function(){window.open('https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=https://www.forbes.com/advisor/business/software/meistertask-review/&text=MeisterTask Review 2024: Features, Pros And Cons','_blank');})()"> <i class="icon icon-twitter"></i> </button> </li> <li class="linkedin expandable"> <button class="button" aria-label="Share Linkedin" onclick="(function(){window.open('https://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&url=https://www.forbes.com/advisor/business/software/meistertask-review/&title=MeisterTask Review 2024: Features, Pros And Cons');})()"> <i class="icon icon-linkedin"></i> </button> </li> <li class="mobile email expandable"> <button class="button" onclick="(function(){window.open('mailto:?subject=MeisterTask Review 2024: Features, Pros And Cons - Forbes&body=Hi,%0A%0AI thought you\'d like this:%0Ahttps://www.forbes.com/advisor/business/software/meistertask-review/%0A%0AMeisterTask Review 2024: Features, Pros And Cons - Forbes','_blank');})()"> <a aria-label="Share Email"> <i class="icon icon-email"></i> </a> </button> </li> <li class="desktop email"> <button class="button" aria-label="Share Email" onclick="(function(){window.open('mailto:?subject=MeisterTask Review 2024: Features, Pros And Cons - Forbes&body=Hi,%0A%0AI thought you\'d like this:%0Ahttps://www.forbes.com/advisor/business/software/meistertask-review/%0A%0AMeisterTask Review 2024: Features, Pros And Cons - Forbes','_blank');})()"> <i class="icon icon-email"></i> </button> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="stream-article-thumbnail ng-scope"> <a class="fs-bg-image article-image ratio16x9" href="https://www.forbes.com/advisor/business/software/meistertask-review/" aria-label="MeisterTask Review 2024: Features, Pros And Cons"> <img loading="lazy" class="object-cover object-center fs-image w-full h-full" src="https://thumbor.forbes.com/thumbor/fit-in/600x300/https://www.forbes.com/advisor/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/image1-25-340x190.png" alt="MeisterTask Review 2024: Features, Pros And Cons" /> <i class="icon icon-gallery"></i> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="stream-article et-promoblock-removeable-item et-promoblock-star-item ng-scope "> <div class="ng-scope"> <div class="ng-scope"> <div class="stream-article-wrapper ng-scope"> <div class="stream-article-text"> <h6 class="article-meta"> <span class="ng-scope"> <time class="article-time ng-binding">4 months ago</time> </span> </h6> <a href="https://www.forbes.com/advisor/business/software/motion-app-review/" aria-label="Motion App Review 2024: Features, Pros And Cons"> <h2 class="fs-h2 article-headline ng-isolate-scope"> <span class="brand-voice-name ng-scope"> <span class="ng-binding">Motion App Review 2024: Features, Pros And Cons</span> </span> </h2> </a> <div class="stream-article-desc"> Motion is a productivity app that includes an AI-assisted scheduler for tasks and events for your calendar. 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We considered a variety of tools that enable teams to track tasks and backlogs, manage projects from various views and adopt the software quickly and easily.... </div> <div class="article-footer"> <div class="csf-sharing csf-block-sharing csf-block-sharing-small clearfix ng-isolate-scope"> <ul class="csf-sharing-list hide-icons"> <li class="fs-icon-share"> <button class="button" aria-label="Share"> <i class="icon icon-share"></i> </button> </li> <li class="facebook expandable"> <button class="button" aria-label="Share Facebook" onclick="(function(){window.open('https://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=https://www.forbes.com/advisor/business/software/best-agile-project-management-software/','_blank');})()"> <i class="icon icon-facebook"></i> </button> </li> <li class="twitter expandable"> <button class="button" aria-label="Share Twitter" onclick="(function(){window.open('https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=https://www.forbes.com/advisor/business/software/best-agile-project-management-software/&text=Best Agile Project Management Software Of 2024','_blank');})()"> <i class="icon icon-twitter"></i> </button> </li> <li class="linkedin expandable"> <button class="button" aria-label="Share Linkedin" onclick="(function(){window.open('https://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&url=https://www.forbes.com/advisor/business/software/best-agile-project-management-software/&title=Best Agile Project Management Software Of 2024');})()"> <i class="icon icon-linkedin"></i> </button> </li> <li class="mobile email expandable"> <button class="button" onclick="(function(){window.open('mailto:?subject=Best Agile Project Management Software Of 2024 - Forbes&body=Hi,%0A%0AI thought you\'d like this:%0Ahttps://www.forbes.com/advisor/business/software/best-agile-project-management-software/%0A%0ABest Agile Project Management Software Of 2024 - Forbes','_blank');})()"> <a aria-label="Share Email"> <i class="icon icon-email"></i> </a> </button> </li> <li class="desktop email"> <button class="button" aria-label="Share Email" onclick="(function(){window.open('mailto:?subject=Best Agile Project Management Software Of 2024 - Forbes&body=Hi,%0A%0AI thought you\'d like this:%0Ahttps://www.forbes.com/advisor/business/software/best-agile-project-management-software/%0A%0ABest Agile Project Management Software Of 2024 - Forbes','_blank');})()"> <i class="icon icon-email"></i> </button> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="stream-article-thumbnail ng-scope"> <a class="fs-bg-image article-image ratio16x9" href="https://www.forbes.com/advisor/business/software/best-agile-project-management-software/" aria-label="Best Agile Project Management Software Of 2024"> <img loading="lazy" class="object-cover object-center fs-image w-full h-full" src="https://thumbor.forbes.com/thumbor/fit-in/600x300/https://www.forbes.com/advisor/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/image1-35-340x190.png" alt="Best Agile Project Management Software Of 2024" /> <i class="icon icon-gallery"></i> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="stream-article et-promoblock-removeable-item et-promoblock-star-item ng-scope hide"> <div class="ng-scope"> <div class="ng-scope"> <div class="stream-article-wrapper ng-scope"> <div class="stream-article-text"> <h6 class="article-meta"> <span class="ng-scope"> <time class="article-time ng-binding">6 months ago</time> </span> </h6> <a href="https://www.forbes.com/advisor/business/software/instagantt-review/" aria-label="Instagantt Review 2024: Features, Pros & Cons"> <h2 class="fs-h2 article-headline ng-isolate-scope"> <span class="brand-voice-name ng-scope"> <span class="ng-binding">Instagantt Review 2024: Features, Pros & Cons</span> </span> </h2> </a> <div class="stream-article-desc"> Instagantt is a project management tool that focuses on Gantt charts. 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It helps you spot repetitive tasks and then automate them to ultimately save you time and free you up to focus on... </div> <div class="article-footer"> <div class="csf-sharing csf-block-sharing csf-block-sharing-small clearfix ng-isolate-scope"> <ul class="csf-sharing-list hide-icons"> <li class="fs-icon-share"> <button class="button" aria-label="Share"> <i class="icon icon-share"></i> </button> </li> <li class="facebook expandable"> <button class="button" aria-label="Share Facebook" onclick="(function(){window.open('https://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=https://www.forbes.com/advisor/business/software/best-workflow-app/','_blank');})()"> <i class="icon icon-facebook"></i> </button> </li> <li class="twitter expandable"> <button class="button" aria-label="Share Twitter" onclick="(function(){window.open('https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=https://www.forbes.com/advisor/business/software/best-workflow-app/&text=Best Workflow Apps Of 2024','_blank');})()"> <i class="icon icon-twitter"></i> </button> </li> <li class="linkedin expandable"> <button class="button" aria-label="Share Linkedin" onclick="(function(){window.open('https://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&url=https://www.forbes.com/advisor/business/software/best-workflow-app/&title=Best Workflow Apps Of 2024');})()"> <i class="icon icon-linkedin"></i> </button> </li> <li class="mobile email expandable"> <button class="button" onclick="(function(){window.open('mailto:?subject=Best Workflow Apps Of 2024 - Forbes&body=Hi,%0A%0AI thought you\'d like this:%0Ahttps://www.forbes.com/advisor/business/software/best-workflow-app/%0A%0ABest Workflow Apps Of 2024 - Forbes','_blank');})()"> <a aria-label="Share Email"> <i class="icon icon-email"></i> </a> </button> </li> <li class="desktop email"> <button class="button" aria-label="Share Email" onclick="(function(){window.open('mailto:?subject=Best Workflow Apps Of 2024 - Forbes&body=Hi,%0A%0AI thought you\'d like this:%0Ahttps://www.forbes.com/advisor/business/software/best-workflow-app/%0A%0ABest Workflow Apps Of 2024 - Forbes','_blank');})()"> <i class="icon icon-email"></i> </button> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="stream-article-thumbnail ng-scope"> <a class="fs-bg-image article-image ratio16x9" href="https://www.forbes.com/advisor/business/software/best-workflow-app/" aria-label="Best Workflow Apps Of 2024"> <img loading="lazy" class="object-cover object-center fs-image w-full h-full" src="https://thumbor.forbes.com/thumbor/fit-in/600x300/https://www.forbes.com/advisor/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/best-workflow-app-340x190.png" alt="Best Workflow Apps Of 2024" /> <i class="icon icon-gallery"></i> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="stream-article et-promoblock-removeable-item et-promoblock-star-item ng-scope hide"> <div class="ng-scope"> <div class="ng-scope"> <div class="stream-article-wrapper ng-scope"> <div class="stream-article-text"> <h6 class="article-meta"> <span class="ng-scope"> <time class="article-time ng-binding">10 months ago</time> </span> </h6> <a href="https://www.forbes.com/advisor/business/software/best-free-gantt-chart-software/" aria-label="Best Free Gantt Chart Software (2024)"> <h2 class="fs-h2 article-headline ng-isolate-scope"> <span class="brand-voice-name ng-scope"> <span class="ng-binding">Best Free Gantt Chart Software (2024)</span> </span> </h2> </a> <div class="stream-article-desc"> It’s difficult to find a view to replace a Gantt chart view and often this is considered an advanced feature of project management software; therefore, it’s rarely offered on free plans. 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values="0;1;0" repeatCount="indefinite" begin="0.2"/></circle><circle fill="#395BB6" stroke="none" cx="46" cy="50" r="6"><animate attributeName="opacity" dur="1s" values="0;1;0" repeatCount="indefinite" begin="0.3"/> </circle> </svg> </span> </button> <div class="monthly-post-wrapper hidden"></div> <button class="accordion-tab quick-facts-tab d-tb-none" data-month='June' data-year='2024' > <span class="accordion-tab-text pointer-events-none"> June 2024 (3)</span> <span class="tab-loader hidden"> <svg version="1.1" id="L4" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" enable-background="new 0 0 0 0" xml:space="preserve" height="30px" width="30px"> <circle fill="#395BB6" stroke="none" cx="6" cy="50" r="6"><animate attributeName="opacity" dur="1s" values="0;1;0" repeatCount="indefinite" begin="0.1"/></circle><circle fill="#395BB6" stroke="none" cx="26" cy="50" r="6"><animate attributeName="opacity" dur="1s" values="0;1;0" repeatCount="indefinite" begin="0.2"/></circle><circle fill="#395BB6" stroke="none" cx="46" cy="50" r="6"><animate attributeName="opacity" dur="1s" values="0;1;0" repeatCount="indefinite" begin="0.3"/> </circle> </svg> </span> </button> <div class="monthly-post-wrapper hidden"></div> <button class="accordion-tab quick-facts-tab d-tb-none" data-month='May' data-year='2024' > <span class="accordion-tab-text pointer-events-none"> May 2024 (2)</span> <span class="tab-loader hidden"> <svg version="1.1" id="L4" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" enable-background="new 0 0 0 0" xml:space="preserve" height="30px" width="30px"> <circle fill="#395BB6" stroke="none" cx="6" cy="50" r="6"><animate attributeName="opacity" dur="1s" values="0;1;0" repeatCount="indefinite" begin="0.1"/></circle><circle fill="#395BB6" stroke="none" cx="26" cy="50" r="6"><animate attributeName="opacity" dur="1s" values="0;1;0" repeatCount="indefinite" begin="0.2"/></circle><circle fill="#395BB6" stroke="none" cx="46" cy="50" r="6"><animate attributeName="opacity" dur="1s" values="0;1;0" repeatCount="indefinite" begin="0.3"/> </circle> </svg> </span> </button> <div class="monthly-post-wrapper hidden"></div> <button class="accordion-tab quick-facts-tab d-tb-none" data-month='February' data-year='2024' > <span class="accordion-tab-text pointer-events-none"> February 2024 (6)</span> <span class="tab-loader hidden"> <svg version="1.1" id="L4" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" enable-background="new 0 0 0 0" xml:space="preserve" height="30px" width="30px"> <circle fill="#395BB6" stroke="none" cx="6" cy="50" r="6"><animate attributeName="opacity" dur="1s" values="0;1;0" repeatCount="indefinite" begin="0.1"/></circle><circle fill="#395BB6" stroke="none" cx="26" cy="50" r="6"><animate attributeName="opacity" dur="1s" values="0;1;0" repeatCount="indefinite" begin="0.2"/></circle><circle fill="#395BB6" stroke="none" cx="46" cy="50" r="6"><animate attributeName="opacity" dur="1s" values="0;1;0" repeatCount="indefinite" begin="0.3"/> </circle> </svg> </span> </button> <div class="monthly-post-wrapper hidden"></div> <button class="accordion-tab quick-facts-tab d-tb-none" data-month='December' data-year='2023' > <span class="accordion-tab-text pointer-events-none"> December 2023 (2)</span> <span class="tab-loader hidden"> <svg version="1.1" id="L4" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" enable-background="new 0 0 0 0" xml:space="preserve" height="30px" width="30px"> <circle fill="#395BB6" stroke="none" cx="6" cy="50" r="6"><animate attributeName="opacity" dur="1s" values="0;1;0" repeatCount="indefinite" begin="0.1"/></circle><circle fill="#395BB6" stroke="none" cx="26" cy="50" r="6"><animate attributeName="opacity" dur="1s" values="0;1;0" repeatCount="indefinite" begin="0.2"/></circle><circle fill="#395BB6" stroke="none" cx="46" cy="50" r="6"><animate attributeName="opacity" dur="1s" values="0;1;0" repeatCount="indefinite" begin="0.3"/> </circle> </svg> </span> </button> <div class="monthly-post-wrapper hidden"></div> <button class="accordion-tab quick-facts-tab d-tb-none" data-month='October' data-year='2023' > <span class="accordion-tab-text pointer-events-none"> October 2023 (1)</span> <span class="tab-loader hidden"> <svg version="1.1" id="L4" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" enable-background="new 0 0 0 0" xml:space="preserve" height="30px" width="30px"> <circle fill="#395BB6" stroke="none" cx="6" cy="50" r="6"><animate attributeName="opacity" dur="1s" values="0;1;0" repeatCount="indefinite" begin="0.1"/></circle><circle fill="#395BB6" stroke="none" cx="26" cy="50" r="6"><animate attributeName="opacity" dur="1s" values="0;1;0" repeatCount="indefinite" begin="0.2"/></circle><circle fill="#395BB6" stroke="none" cx="46" cy="50" r="6"><animate attributeName="opacity" dur="1s" values="0;1;0" repeatCount="indefinite" begin="0.3"/> </circle> </svg> </span> </button> <div class="monthly-post-wrapper hidden"></div> <button class="accordion-tab quick-facts-tab d-tb-none" data-month='September' data-year='2023' > <span class="accordion-tab-text pointer-events-none"> September 2023 (4)</span> <span class="tab-loader hidden"> <svg version="1.1" id="L4" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" enable-background="new 0 0 0 0" xml:space="preserve" height="30px" width="30px"> <circle fill="#395BB6" stroke="none" cx="6" cy="50" r="6"><animate attributeName="opacity" dur="1s" values="0;1;0" repeatCount="indefinite" begin="0.1"/></circle><circle fill="#395BB6" stroke="none" cx="26" cy="50" r="6"><animate attributeName="opacity" dur="1s" values="0;1;0" repeatCount="indefinite" begin="0.2"/></circle><circle fill="#395BB6" stroke="none" cx="46" cy="50" r="6"><animate attributeName="opacity" dur="1s" values="0;1;0" repeatCount="indefinite" begin="0.3"/> </circle> </svg> </span> </button> <div class="monthly-post-wrapper hidden"></div> <button class="accordion-tab quick-facts-tab d-tb-none" data-month='August' data-year='2023' > <span class="accordion-tab-text pointer-events-none"> August 2023 (5)</span> <span class="tab-loader hidden"> <svg version="1.1" id="L4" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" enable-background="new 0 0 0 0" xml:space="preserve" height="30px" width="30px"> <circle fill="#395BB6" stroke="none" cx="6" cy="50" r="6"><animate attributeName="opacity" dur="1s" values="0;1;0" repeatCount="indefinite" begin="0.1"/></circle><circle fill="#395BB6" stroke="none" cx="26" cy="50" r="6"><animate attributeName="opacity" dur="1s" values="0;1;0" repeatCount="indefinite" begin="0.2"/></circle><circle fill="#395BB6" stroke="none" cx="46" cy="50" r="6"><animate attributeName="opacity" dur="1s" values="0;1;0" repeatCount="indefinite" begin="0.3"/> </circle> </svg> </span> </button> <div class="monthly-post-wrapper hidden"></div> <button class="accordion-tab quick-facts-tab d-tb-none" data-month='July' data-year='2023' > <span class="accordion-tab-text pointer-events-none"> July 2023 (2)</span> <span class="tab-loader hidden"> <svg version="1.1" id="L4" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" enable-background="new 0 0 0 0" xml:space="preserve" height="30px" width="30px"> <circle fill="#395BB6" stroke="none" cx="6" cy="50" r="6"><animate attributeName="opacity" dur="1s" values="0;1;0" repeatCount="indefinite" begin="0.1"/></circle><circle fill="#395BB6" stroke="none" cx="26" cy="50" r="6"><animate attributeName="opacity" dur="1s" values="0;1;0" repeatCount="indefinite" begin="0.2"/></circle><circle fill="#395BB6" stroke="none" cx="46" cy="50" r="6"><animate attributeName="opacity" dur="1s" values="0;1;0" repeatCount="indefinite" begin="0.3"/> </circle> </svg> </span> </button> <div class="monthly-post-wrapper hidden"></div> <button class="accordion-tab quick-facts-tab d-tb-none" data-month='June' data-year='2023' > <span class="accordion-tab-text pointer-events-none"> June 2023 (1)</span> <span class="tab-loader hidden"> <svg version="1.1" id="L4" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" enable-background="new 0 0 0 0" xml:space="preserve" height="30px" width="30px"> <circle fill="#395BB6" stroke="none" cx="6" cy="50" r="6"><animate attributeName="opacity" dur="1s" values="0;1;0" repeatCount="indefinite" begin="0.1"/></circle><circle fill="#395BB6" stroke="none" cx="26" cy="50" r="6"><animate attributeName="opacity" dur="1s" values="0;1;0" repeatCount="indefinite" begin="0.2"/></circle><circle fill="#395BB6" stroke="none" cx="46" cy="50" r="6"><animate attributeName="opacity" dur="1s" values="0;1;0" repeatCount="indefinite" begin="0.3"/> </circle> </svg> </span> </button> <div class="monthly-post-wrapper hidden"></div> <button class="accordion-tab quick-facts-tab d-tb-none" data-month='May' data-year='2023' > <span class="accordion-tab-text pointer-events-none"> May 2023 (3)</span> <span class="tab-loader hidden"> <svg version="1.1" id="L4" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" enable-background="new 0 0 0 0" xml:space="preserve" height="30px" width="30px"> <circle fill="#395BB6" stroke="none" cx="6" cy="50" r="6"><animate attributeName="opacity" dur="1s" values="0;1;0" repeatCount="indefinite" begin="0.1"/></circle><circle fill="#395BB6" stroke="none" cx="26" cy="50" r="6"><animate attributeName="opacity" dur="1s" values="0;1;0" repeatCount="indefinite" begin="0.2"/></circle><circle fill="#395BB6" stroke="none" cx="46" cy="50" r="6"><animate attributeName="opacity" dur="1s" values="0;1;0" repeatCount="indefinite" begin="0.3"/> </circle> </svg> </span> </button> <div class="monthly-post-wrapper hidden"></div> <button class="accordion-tab quick-facts-tab d-tb-none" data-month='April' data-year='2023' > <span class="accordion-tab-text pointer-events-none"> April 2023 (1)</span> <span class="tab-loader hidden"> <svg version="1.1" id="L4" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" enable-background="new 0 0 0 0" xml:space="preserve" height="30px" width="30px"> <circle fill="#395BB6" stroke="none" cx="6" cy="50" r="6"><animate attributeName="opacity" dur="1s" values="0;1;0" repeatCount="indefinite" begin="0.1"/></circle><circle fill="#395BB6" stroke="none" cx="26" cy="50" r="6"><animate attributeName="opacity" dur="1s" values="0;1;0" repeatCount="indefinite" begin="0.2"/></circle><circle fill="#395BB6" stroke="none" cx="46" cy="50" r="6"><animate attributeName="opacity" dur="1s" values="0;1;0" repeatCount="indefinite" begin="0.3"/> </circle> </svg> </span> </button> <div class="monthly-post-wrapper hidden"></div> <button class="accordion-tab quick-facts-tab d-tb-none" data-month='March' data-year='2023' > <span class="accordion-tab-text pointer-events-none"> March 2023 (1)</span> <span class="tab-loader hidden"> <svg version="1.1" id="L4" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" enable-background="new 0 0 0 0" xml:space="preserve" height="30px" width="30px"> <circle fill="#395BB6" stroke="none" cx="6" cy="50" r="6"><animate attributeName="opacity" dur="1s" values="0;1;0" repeatCount="indefinite" begin="0.1"/></circle><circle fill="#395BB6" stroke="none" cx="26" cy="50" r="6"><animate attributeName="opacity" dur="1s" values="0;1;0" repeatCount="indefinite" begin="0.2"/></circle><circle fill="#395BB6" stroke="none" cx="46" cy="50" r="6"><animate attributeName="opacity" dur="1s" values="0;1;0" repeatCount="indefinite" begin="0.3"/> </circle> </svg> </span> </button> <div class="monthly-post-wrapper hidden"></div> <button class="accordion-tab quick-facts-tab d-tb-none" data-month='January' data-year='2023' > <span class="accordion-tab-text pointer-events-none"> January 2023 (2)</span> <span class="tab-loader hidden"> <svg version="1.1" id="L4" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" enable-background="new 0 0 0 0" xml:space="preserve" height="30px" width="30px"> <circle fill="#395BB6" stroke="none" cx="6" cy="50" r="6"><animate attributeName="opacity" dur="1s" values="0;1;0" repeatCount="indefinite" begin="0.1"/></circle><circle fill="#395BB6" stroke="none" cx="26" cy="50" r="6"><animate attributeName="opacity" dur="1s" values="0;1;0" repeatCount="indefinite" begin="0.2"/></circle><circle fill="#395BB6" stroke="none" cx="46" cy="50" r="6"><animate attributeName="opacity" dur="1s" values="0;1;0" repeatCount="indefinite" begin="0.3"/> </circle> </svg> </span> </button> <div class="monthly-post-wrapper hidden"></div> <button class="accordion-tab quick-facts-tab d-tb-none" data-month='December' data-year='2022' > <span class="accordion-tab-text pointer-events-none"> December 2022 (1)</span> <span class="tab-loader hidden"> <svg version="1.1" id="L4" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" enable-background="new 0 0 0 0" xml:space="preserve" height="30px" width="30px"> <circle fill="#395BB6" stroke="none" cx="6" cy="50" r="6"><animate attributeName="opacity" dur="1s" values="0;1;0" repeatCount="indefinite" begin="0.1"/></circle><circle fill="#395BB6" stroke="none" cx="26" cy="50" r="6"><animate attributeName="opacity" dur="1s" values="0;1;0" repeatCount="indefinite" begin="0.2"/></circle><circle fill="#395BB6" stroke="none" cx="46" cy="50" r="6"><animate attributeName="opacity" dur="1s" values="0;1;0" repeatCount="indefinite" begin="0.3"/> </circle> </svg> </span> </button> <div class="monthly-post-wrapper hidden"></div> <button class="accordion-tab quick-facts-tab d-tb-none" data-month='November' data-year='2022' > <span class="accordion-tab-text pointer-events-none"> November 2022 (4)</span> <span class="tab-loader hidden"> <svg version="1.1" id="L4" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" enable-background="new 0 0 0 0" xml:space="preserve" height="30px" width="30px"> <circle fill="#395BB6" stroke="none" cx="6" cy="50" r="6"><animate attributeName="opacity" dur="1s" values="0;1;0" repeatCount="indefinite" begin="0.1"/></circle><circle fill="#395BB6" stroke="none" cx="26" cy="50" r="6"><animate attributeName="opacity" dur="1s" values="0;1;0" repeatCount="indefinite" begin="0.2"/></circle><circle fill="#395BB6" stroke="none" cx="46" cy="50" r="6"><animate attributeName="opacity" dur="1s" values="0;1;0" repeatCount="indefinite" begin="0.3"/> </circle> </svg> </span> </button> <div class="monthly-post-wrapper hidden"></div> <button class="accordion-tab quick-facts-tab d-tb-none" data-month='October' data-year='2022' > <span class="accordion-tab-text pointer-events-none"> October 2022 (1)</span> <span class="tab-loader hidden"> <svg version="1.1" id="L4" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" enable-background="new 0 0 0 0" xml:space="preserve" height="30px" width="30px"> <circle fill="#395BB6" stroke="none" cx="6" cy="50" r="6"><animate attributeName="opacity" dur="1s" values="0;1;0" repeatCount="indefinite" begin="0.1"/></circle><circle fill="#395BB6" stroke="none" cx="26" cy="50" r="6"><animate attributeName="opacity" dur="1s" values="0;1;0" repeatCount="indefinite" begin="0.2"/></circle><circle fill="#395BB6" stroke="none" cx="46" cy="50" r="6"><animate attributeName="opacity" dur="1s" values="0;1;0" repeatCount="indefinite" begin="0.3"/> </circle> </svg> </span> </button> <div class="monthly-post-wrapper hidden"></div> <button class="accordion-tab quick-facts-tab d-tb-none" data-month='August' data-year='2022' > <span class="accordion-tab-text pointer-events-none"> August 2022 (4)</span> <span class="tab-loader hidden"> <svg version="1.1" id="L4" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" enable-background="new 0 0 0 0" xml:space="preserve" height="30px" width="30px"> <circle fill="#395BB6" stroke="none" cx="6" cy="50" r="6"><animate attributeName="opacity" dur="1s" values="0;1;0" repeatCount="indefinite" begin="0.1"/></circle><circle fill="#395BB6" stroke="none" cx="26" cy="50" r="6"><animate attributeName="opacity" dur="1s" values="0;1;0" repeatCount="indefinite" begin="0.2"/></circle><circle fill="#395BB6" stroke="none" cx="46" cy="50" r="6"><animate attributeName="opacity" dur="1s" values="0;1;0" repeatCount="indefinite" begin="0.3"/> </circle> </svg> </span> </button> <div class="monthly-post-wrapper hidden"></div> <button class="accordion-tab quick-facts-tab d-tb-none" data-month='July' data-year='2022' > <span class="accordion-tab-text pointer-events-none"> July 2022 (5)</span> <span class="tab-loader hidden"> <svg version="1.1" id="L4" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" enable-background="new 0 0 0 0" xml:space="preserve" height="30px" width="30px"> <circle fill="#395BB6" stroke="none" cx="6" cy="50" r="6"><animate attributeName="opacity" dur="1s" values="0;1;0" repeatCount="indefinite" begin="0.1"/></circle><circle fill="#395BB6" stroke="none" cx="26" cy="50" r="6"><animate attributeName="opacity" dur="1s" values="0;1;0" 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repeatCount="indefinite" begin="0.2"/></circle><circle fill="#395BB6" stroke="none" cx="46" cy="50" r="6"><animate attributeName="opacity" dur="1s" values="0;1;0" repeatCount="indefinite" begin="0.3"/> </circle> </svg> </span> </button> <div class="monthly-post-wrapper hidden"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="right-wrap flex-shrink-0" id="right-rail"> <div class="hide-mobile"> <div class="about-author"> <p class="about-author__heading">About</p> <p class="about-author__content"> Amy Nichol Smith spent more than 20 years working as a journalist for TV and newspapers before transitioning to software and hardware product reviews for consumers and small businesses. 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urlParts[0] + "//" + urlParts[2]; return url; } } /** * Extract hostname from the anchor element * @param element * @returns {string|*} */ function getHostnameOfAnchorElement(element) { if (util.isSet(element.origin)) { return element.origin; } else if (util.isSet(element.protocol) && util.isSet(element.hostname)) { return element.protocol + "//" + element.hostname; } else if (util.isSet(element.href)) { return getHostnameFromUrl(element.href); } } return { getHostnameOfAnchorElement: getHostnameOfAnchorElement }; })(util); var preconnectHandler = (function (hintUtil, eventLib, domUtil) { var preconnectedHostsList = {}; function injectSerpPreconnectHint(hostname) { hintUtil.injectHostNameHint("preconnect", hostname); addHostnameToPreconnectedList(hostname); } /** * Inject Serp Pre-connect hint for hostname's not pre-connected * Adds hostname to the list of pre-connected hostname's * Removes hostname from the list of pre-connected hostname's after timeout * @param event */ function preconnectEventHandler(event, element, preconnectEvent) { var hostname = domUtil.getHostnameOfAnchorElement(element); if (!isPreconnectedHostname(hostname)) { injectSerpPreconnectHint(hostname); eventLib.removeEvent(element, "mouseover", preconnectEvent); eventLib.removeEvent(element, "touchstart", preconnectEvent); setTimeout(function () { removeHostnameFromPreconnectedList(hostname); attachHoverListener(element); }, 10000); } } /** * Add event to the element if the element's hostname is not pre-connected * @param element */ function attachHoverListener(element) { var hostname = domUtil.getHostnameOfAnchorElement(element); var preconnectEvent = (function (element) { return function (event) { preconnectEventHandler(event, element, preconnectEvent); }; })(element); if (!isPreconnectedHostname(hostname)) { eventLib.addEvent(element, "mouseover", preconnectEvent); eventLib.addEvent(element, "touchstart", preconnectEvent); } } /** * Removes hostname from the list of pre-connected 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var __linkTrackingController = (function (__cookie, __util, __prefetch) { var E2E_COOKIE_ADVISOR_USER_ID = 'fadve2etid'; var E2E_COOKIE_ADVISOR_USER_VISIT_COUNT = 'fadve2etidvcnt'; var E2E_COOKIE_ADVISOR_UTM = 'fadve2esrc'; var E2E_COOKIE_ORIGINAL_TID_PARAM = 'fadve2etid_oname'; var E2E_COOKIE_ORIGINAL_TID_VALUE = 'fadve2etid_oval'; var E2E_HOST = 'related.forbes.com'; var BANKRATE_HOST = 'oc.brcclx.com'; var POLICYGENIUS_HOST = "policygenius.go2cloud.org"; var CM_PREFIX_ID = '_spid'; var E2E_REDIRECT_URL = 'https://related.forbes.com/trf?o=gqT2vtgaO1NVU2O4ubzbbRKuqAIAh5jbhu-tB-B2XR9mkqq2r1uP3UQ86qlwjDTZcKefs9W1ct4iXHB8cr3Q5iQgynTrcq_Pg_eLRCaLJaHBM8WuHhRH8aWVp2KOcc_rsjl4oQeRfrNe3Dt5Tkj0_4KayhC_KRgY-2CxyWvgC5I=&p=qIZUfGF2w6pxNO0krbxBf2o-8MJII1YwehXZNXIUxHHkbrJRS564JaRaPyj7AKpp&r='; var LINKSYNERGY_HOST = "click.linksynergy.com"; var COOKIE_MKTP_CLIENT_ID = 'mktp_clientId'; /* * Generate a hash code from a string * */ String.prototype.hashCode = function () { var hash = 0; if (this.length === 0) return hash; for (i = 0; i < this.length; i++) { char = this.charCodeAt(i); hash = ((hash << 5) - hash) + char; hash = hash & hash; } if (hash < 0) return "N" + (hash * -1); else return "P" + hash; }; function getNanoId(length = 20) { const a = "0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"; length = Math.min(length, a.length); let result = ""; const randomValues = crypto.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(length)); for (let i = 0; i < length; i++) { result += a[randomValues[i] % a.length]; } return result; } /* * Get Utm params Mapping * */ function getUtmSourceClickIdParamMapping() { return { "outbrain": ["ob_click_id", "clickid", "OutbrainClickId", "outbrainclickid"], "taboola": ["tcid"], "bing": ["msclkid"], "kw": ["fbclid"], "facebook": ["fbclid"] }; } function getValidClickIdParams() { return ["gclid"]; } /** * Returns object with parameter and value * Example : ob_click_id=jfkjkfjskafjkj * returns : { param: ob_click_id , value:jfkjkfjskafjkj } */ function getOgUtmParamValuePair() { var trackingParamsObj = { param: '', value: '' }; var utmSource = __util.getQueryParameterValue('utm_source'); if (!!utmSource) { utmSource = utmSource.toLowerCase(); var utmParamMappinArray = getUtmSourceClickIdParamMapping(); if (!!utmParamMappinArray[utmSource] && utmParamMappinArray[utmSource].length > 0) { for (var idx_param = 0; idx_param < utmParamMappinArray[utmSource].length; idx_param++) { var idFromUrl = __util.getQueryParameterValue(utmParamMappinArray[utmSource][idx_param]); if (!!idFromUrl) { trackingParamsObj.param = utmParamMappinArray[utmSource][idx_param]; trackingParamsObj.value = idFromUrl; break; } } } } /** * If no valid param mapping found in url check for valid click id */ if( ! trackingParamsObj.value && ! trackingParamsObj.param ){ /** * Check for valid click ID in the url If found return the id and value */ var clickIdParam = getValidClickIdParams(); for(var i = 0; i < clickIdParam.length; i++){ var clickIdFromUrl = __util.getQueryParameterValue(clickIdParam[i]); if(!!clickIdFromUrl){ trackingParamsObj.param = clickIdParam[i]; trackingParamsObj.value = clickIdFromUrl; break; } } } return trackingParamsObj; } function generateHashFromOgParam(paramsObj) { if (!!paramsObj.value && typeof paramsObj.value === 'string') { var hashInput = paramsObj.value + new Date().getTime() + __util.getRandomInt(1, 99); return hashInput.hashCode(); } return ''; } /** * This function return user id * If found in cookie returns the cookie value * If not found in cookie generated a user id * If og params are invalid return empty string */ function getUserIdHashFromOgParam() { var hash = ''; var paramsObj = getOgUtmParamValuePair(); if (!!paramsObj.param && !!paramsObj.value) { var paramFromCookie = __cookie.get(E2E_COOKIE_ORIGINAL_TID_PARAM); var paramValueFromCookie = __cookie.get(E2E_COOKIE_ORIGINAL_TID_VALUE); //Get user id from cookie if found if ( !!paramFromCookie && !!paramValueFromCookie && paramsObj.param === paramFromCookie && paramsObj.value === paramValueFromCookie ) { var userIdFromCookie = __cookie.get(E2E_COOKIE_ADVISOR_USER_ID); if (!!userIdFromCookie){ hash = userIdFromCookie; } } //If user id is not present in cookie generate one if (!hash) { hash = generateHashFromOgParam(paramsObj); } } window.dataLayer.push({ 'cd': { 'OriginalTrackingParam': paramsObj.param, 'OriginalTrackingParamValue': paramsObj.value, } }); return hash; } /* * Get Default User ID Hash * returns hash : P74473637 * */ function getDefaultUserIdHash() { var userid = 'NOTID' + new Date().getTime() + __util.getRandomInt(1, 99); return userid.hashCode(); } /** * Tid From Utm Param * */ function getUserIdHashForPartnership(){ var userid = ''; var partnershipMap = { partnership:'P' }; var utmMediumParam = __util.getQueryParameterValue('utm_medium'); //generate new user id if(!!utmMediumParam && partnershipMap.hasOwnProperty(utmMediumParam)){ userid = getDefaultUserIdHash(); userid = userid + partnershipMap[utmMediumParam]; userid = userid.toUpperCase(); } return userid; } /* * Get Unique Hash * returns numeric 9 digit value: 187654367 * */ function getUniqueId(suffix) { return getNanoId(12); suffix = suffix || ''; var rand = __util.getRandomInt(100000000, 999999999); var timestamp = (suffix.toUpperCase() + Math.round((new Date()).getTime() / 1000)); return timestamp.concat(rand); } /** * Add a query string to url */ function addQueryString(param) { var url; if (param.hasOwnProperty('url') && !__util.empty(param.url)) { url = param.url; } if (param.hasOwnProperty('parameterName') && !__util.empty(param.parameterName) && param.hasOwnProperty('parameterValue') && !__util.empty(param.parameterValue)) { if (url.indexOf(param.parameterName) !== -1 && param.hasOwnProperty('override') && param.override === true) { var tidFromurl = __util.getQueryParameterValue(param.parameterName, url); url = url.replace(param.parameterName + '=' + tidFromurl, param.parameterName + '=' + param.parameterValue); } else { //if parameter is not found if (url.indexOf('?') !== -1) { url = url + '&' + param.parameterName + '=' + param.parameterValue; } else { url = url + '?' + param.parameterName + '=' + param.parameterValue; } } } return url; } /** * @param link * @param attributes */ function setAttributesToLink(link, attributes) { if (!!link && typeof attributes === 'object') { for (var prop in attributes) { if (attributes.hasOwnProperty(prop) && !!attributes[prop]) { link.setAttribute(prop, attributes[prop]); } } } return link; } /** * Appends tracking ID to provided url * Checks for topics | bankrate url * @param url * @param hostName * @param trackingId * * @return string */ function appendTrackingId(url, hostName, trackingId) { var urlWithTrackingID; if (E2E_HOST === hostName) { var affiliateLink = __util.getQueryParameterValue('r', url); if (!!affiliateLink) { affiliateLink = decodeURIComponent(affiliateLink); affiliateLink = addQueryString({ url: affiliateLink, parameterName: 'tid', parameterValue: trackingId, override: true, }); urlWithTrackingID = E2E_REDIRECT_URL + encodeURIComponent(affiliateLink) + CM_PREFIX_ID; }else{ urlWithTrackingID = url; } } else if (BANKRATE_HOST === hostName) { url = addQueryString({ url: url, parameterName: 'tid', parameterValue: trackingId, override: true, }); urlWithTrackingID = E2E_REDIRECT_URL + encodeURIComponent(url) + CM_PREFIX_ID; } else if (LINKSYNERGY_HOST === hostName) { urlWithTrackingID = addQueryString({ url: url, parameterName: 'u1', parameterValue: trackingId, override: true, }); } else if (POLICYGENIUS_HOST === hostName) { urlWithTrackingID = addQueryString({ url: url, parameterName: 'aff_click_id', parameterValue: '', override: true, }); } else { urlWithTrackingID = url; } return urlWithTrackingID; } /* * Get User Id Hashcode * */ function getUserIdHash() { var userid = ''; var mktpClientId = __cookie.get(COOKIE_MKTP_CLIENT_ID); if(mktpClientId){ userid = mktpClientId; }else{ var prefix = (typeof mktpBase !== 'undefined' && mktpBase?.tidPrefix) ? mktpBase.tidPrefix : "FA"; userid = prefix + getNanoId(20); __cookie.set(COOKIE_MKTP_CLIENT_ID, userid, 365); } return userid; //Get Tid From Url var tidFromUrl = __util.getQueryParameterValue('tid'); if (!!tidFromUrl) { userid = tidFromUrl; } //Get Tid for partnership var tidForPartnership = getUserIdHashForPartnership(); if (!!tidForPartnership) { userid = tidForPartnership; } //Generate hash from if og parameter is found in url var userIdHashFromUrl = getUserIdHashFromOgParam(); if (__util.empty(userid) && !!userIdHashFromUrl) { userid = userIdHashFromUrl; } //Read user id from cookie if found if (__util.empty(userid)) { userid = __cookie.get(E2E_COOKIE_ADVISOR_USER_ID); } //Generate a new user id if (__util.empty(userid)) { userid = getDefaultUserIdHash(); } return userid; } //get user id hash var USER_ID_HASH = getUserIdHash(); function getUtmSource(ogParamObj) { var utmSource = ''; var clickIdUtmSourceMapping = { "gclid": "google" }; if(!!clickIdUtmSourceMapping[ogParamObj.param]){ utmSource = clickIdUtmSourceMapping[ogParamObj.param]; }else{ utmSource = __util.getQueryParameterValue('utm_source'); } return utmSource; } /** * Set Cookie Values * fadve2etid = USERID | Generated from Client Side script * fadve2etidvcnt = 1 | Increments on every page refresh * fadve2esrc = utm_source * fadve2etid_oname = gclid * fadve2etid_oval = fjdalskff78gsf78asfsf7as6f7as */ function setCookie() { //Get user id Hash var userIDHash = USER_ID_HASH; //Number of days to store cookies var DAYS = { TWENTY_YEARS: 365 * 20, THIRTY: 30, ZERO: 0 }; //Get userid from cookie var userIdFromCookie = __cookie.get(E2E_COOKIE_ADVISOR_USER_ID); /** * Set Cookie Values * If cookie is not present then create one * If the value of userIDHash is different from the cookie value than update the value */ if (__util.empty(userIdFromCookie) || userIDHash !== userIdFromCookie) { //create cookie for userid __cookie.set(E2E_COOKIE_ADVISOR_USER_ID, userIDHash, DAYS.TWENTY_YEARS ); //set user visit count __cookie.set(E2E_COOKIE_ADVISOR_USER_VISIT_COUNT, 1, DAYS.ZERO); } else { //get user visit count var userVisitCount = __cookie.get(E2E_COOKIE_ADVISOR_USER_VISIT_COUNT); userVisitCount = parseInt(userVisitCount); userVisitCount = isNaN(userVisitCount) ? 1 : (userVisitCount + 1); //set incremented visitor count __cookie.set(E2E_COOKIE_ADVISOR_USER_VISIT_COUNT, userVisitCount, DAYS.ZERO) } } /** * Set Tracking Values (?tid=USERID_UNIQUEID) for all bankrate urls * Set Link Attributes rel="nofollow" & target="_blank" */ function getTrackingIdHash() { var hashes = {}; var uniqueIdHash = getUniqueId('c'); hashes.uid = uniqueIdHash; hashes.tid = USER_ID_HASH + '_' + uniqueIdHash; return hashes; } /** * Set Tracking Values (?tid=USERID_UNIQUEID) for all bankrate urls * Set Link Attributes rel="nofollow" & target="_blank" */ function setTrackingId(elSelector) { var elementSelector = elSelector || 'body a'; var links = document.querySelectorAll(elementSelector); if (links.length > 0) { for (var x = 0; x < links.length; x++) { var link = links[x]; var url = link.getAttribute('href'); //get hostname var hostName = __util.getHostname(url); if (!!url && !!hostName && (hostName === E2E_HOST || hostName === BANKRATE_HOST || hostName === POLICYGENIUS_HOST || hostName === LINKSYNERGY_HOST)) { if( hostName !== POLICYGENIUS_HOST ) { __prefetch.init(link); } //Generate Tracking ID var idsObj = getTrackingIdHash(); //append tracking id url = appendTrackingId(url, hostName, idsObj.tid); //set tracking attributes link = setAttributesToLink(link, { "href": url, "rel": "nofollow noopener", "target": "_blank", "data-uid": USER_ID_HASH, "data-cid": idsObj.uid, "data-tid": idsObj.tid, }); } } } } return { setCookie: setCookie, setTrackingId: setTrackingId, getUserIdHash: getUserIdHash, USER_ID_HASH: USER_ID_HASH, getUniqueId: getUniqueId, getTrackingIdHash: getTrackingIdHash } })(__cookieController, __helper, __linkprefetch); //set cookie values __linkTrackingController.setCookie(); function detectIsIE(){ var ua = window.navigator.userAgent; var msie = ua.indexOf("MSIE "); // IE browser check if (msie > 0 || !!navigator.userAgent.match(/Trident.*rv\:11\./)) { return true; } return false; } document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function () { //set user id var event; // The 'new Event' code is not supported in IE so update code for IE if(detectIsIE()){ event = document.createEvent('Event'); event.initEvent('tidSet', true, true); } else{ event = new Event('tidSet'); } window.dispatchEvent(event); window.__mpctc = (function(){ return { 'userid': function(){ return __linkTrackingController.getUserIdHash(); }, 'tid': function(){ return (__linkTrackingController.getTrackingIdHash()).tid } } })(); }); </script> <script> window.shortcodesOnPage = []; if(window.dataLayer){ window.dataLayer.push({ 'shortcodesOnPage': window.shortcodesOnPage }); } window.shortcodesPartnersOnPage = []; </script><script type="text/javascript"> var e2e = (function(){ var E2E_HOST = 'related.forbes.com'; var BANKRATE_HOST = 'oc.brcclx.com'; var analyticsParams = { pageview_event: 'pageview', bankrate_event: 'bankrate', page_template: 'Article', tid: __linkTrackingController.USER_ID_HASH, session_pageview_count: '1', original_tracking_param: '', original_tracking_param_value: '', referrer_host: '', referrer_url: document.referrer, author_name: 'Amy Nichol Smith', author_role: 'Staff Reviewer', primary_category: 'Business', secondary_category: 'Software', published_date: 'August 5, 2024', updated_date: 'Aug 5, 2024', ra_feed_enabled: 0 }; /** * Logs Event to Database * @param args */ function log(args){ var analyticsData = args || {}; var wp_action = { 'token': 'e37a3d070d', 'action': 'e2e_logging', }; var data = Object.assign({},wp_action,analyticsData); if( Object.keys(analyticsData).length !== 0 ){ fetch('https://www.forbes.com/advisor/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php', { method: "POST", body: new URLSearchParams(data).toString(), headers: { "Content-type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8" } }) } } /** * Sets GTAG User ID */ function setGtagUserId(){ gtag('set', {'user_id': __linkTrackingController.USER_ID_HASH}); } /** * Logs Page View Event to database * @param a */ function logPageView(a){ var args = a || {}; var event = ( args.hasOwnProperty('event') && !!args.event ) ? args.event : analyticsParams.pageview_event; log({ event: event, template: analyticsParams.page_template, tid: analyticsParams.tid, og_tracking_parameter: analyticsParams.original_tracking_param, og_tracking_parameter_value: analyticsParams.original_tracking_param_value, }); } /** * Check for a valid html element * @param element */ function isElement(element) { return element instanceof Element || element instanceof HTMLDocument; } /** * Sends Page View Event to analytics * @param params */ function sendPageviewEvent(params){ window.dataLayer.push({ 'cd': { 'ReferrerHost': analyticsParams.referrer_host, 'ReferrerUrl': analyticsParams.referrer_url } }); } /** * Sends Multiple (Total 2) Page View Events to analytics in 10 seconds interval */ function sendPageviewEventMultiple(){ var statusCount = 1; var totalExecCount = 2; var initialTime = 10; var increment = 10; var eventName = analyticsParams.pageview_event; var recursiveAnalyticscall = setInterval(function(){ var newEventName = eventName + '-' + initialTime; sendPageviewEvent({event:newEventName}); if( statusCount === totalExecCount ){ clearInterval(recursiveAnalyticscall); } initialTime += increment; statusCount++; },10000); } function e2eSendPageView(){ sendPageviewEvent(); // sendPageviewEventMultiple(); } /** * Gets host name from a url string * @param url * @returns {string} */ function getHostName(url) { if (!!url) { var link = document.createElement('a'); link.href = url; return link.hostname; } return url; } /** * Logs bankrate click event to database */ function logBankrateEvent(){ log({ event: analyticsParams.bankrate_event, cc_name: analyticsParams.cc_name, info: analyticsParams.cta_info, placement: analyticsParams.cta_placement, template: analyticsParams.page_template, tid: analyticsParams.tracking_id, og_tracking_parameter: analyticsParams.original_tracking_param, og_tracking_parameter_value: analyticsParams.original_tracking_param_value, product_id : analyticsParams.product_id, product_position : analyticsParams.product_position }); } /** * Sends Bankrate click Event to analytics */ function sendBankrateEvent(){ window.dataLayer.push({ 'cd': { 'BankrateClickCardName': analyticsParams.cc_name, 'BankrateClickCTA': analyticsParams.cta_info, 'ProductType': analyticsParams.product_type, 'ProductId': analyticsParams.product_id, 'BankrateClickPosition': analyticsParams.product_position, 'CardCategoryTabName': analyticsParams.card_category_tab_name, } }); } function sendBankrateClickEvent(targetEl) { if(isElement(targetEl) && targetEl.tagName.toLowerCase() === 'a'){ var href = targetEl.getAttribute('href'); var host_name = getHostName(href); if (!!host_name && ( host_name === E2E_HOST || host_name === BANKRATE_HOST ) ) { var card_name = targetEl.getAttribute('data-cc-name'); var card_info = targetEl.getAttribute('data-cta-info'); var card_placement = targetEl.getAttribute('data-cta-placement'); var product_type = targetEl.getAttribute('data-product'); var product_id = targetEl.getAttribute('data-product-id'); var tracking_id = targetEl.getAttribute('data-tid'); 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batch); // callApsOnError(batch); callGPT(placementMap, batch); } } //DFP Slot logic start window.defineSlotMap = {}; function defineSlot(slotMeta) { googletag.cmd.push(function () { var slotId = slotMeta.slotId; var slot = googletag.defineSlot(slotMeta.unitPath, slotMeta.sizeArray, slotId) .addService(googletag.pubads()) .setTargeting('pos', slotMeta.placeholderId) .setTargeting('slotId', slotId); // .setTargeting(slotMeta.placeholderId, slotMeta.index + '') // .setTargeting('pageIndex', slotMeta.pageIndex); googletag.display(slotId); window.allSlots[slotMeta.batch].push(slot); window.defineSlotMap[slotId] = true; }); } // function callApsOnError(batch) { // if (apsErrorLoading) { // googletag.cmd.push(function () { // googletag.pubads().refresh(window.allSlots[batch]); // }); // } // } // function callAmazon(placementMap, batch) { // apstag.fetchBids({ // slots: placementMap // }, function (bids) { // googletag.cmd.push(function () { // apstag.setDisplayBids(); // googletag.pubads().refresh(window.allSlots[batch]); // }); // }); // } function callGPT(placementMap, batch) { googletag.cmd.push(function () { googletag.pubads().refresh(window.allSlots[batch]); }); } var sections = document.getElementsByClassName('article-row'); function initDFPScrollhandler(callback, destroySlots) { _maddEventHandler(window, 'scroll', debounce(function () { var scrollTop = window.pageYOffset || document.documentElement.scrollTop; var direction = (scrollTop > previousScrollTop) ? 1 : -1; //downward scroll var large = 0; var largestVisibleElement = 0; for (var s = 0; s < sections.length; s++) { var section = sections[s]; var percentage = getVisibilityForElement(section); if (percentage > 99) { large = percentage; largestVisibleElement = section; break; } if (large < percentage) { large = percentage; largestVisibleElement = section; } } // console.log('lll ', largestVisibleElement, large, sections.length); if (largestVisibleElement) { var currentRowIndex = 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articleWrapper.getElementsByClassName('article-row')[deleteRowIndex]; if (!!articleRow) { articleRow.removeAttribute('data-dfp'); } } // console.log('-- Destroy --'); } } function loadSingleUnit(posArray, articleIndex, parentID) { var slotMetaDataArray = []; var parentEle = null; if (parentID) { parentEle = document.getElementById(parentID); } else { parentEle = document; } posArray.forEach(function (pos) { var placeholderClass = getcssClass(pos); var parentDiv = parentEle.getElementsByClassName(placeholderClass); if (!!parentDiv.length != 0) { //create div var placeholder = document.createElement("div"); var slotId = pos + "-" + articleIndex; //rec-0 placeholder.id = slotId; placeholder.className = 'placeholder'; window.placeHolderMap[slotId] = true; parentDiv[0].appendChild(placeholder); var sizeArray = getSizeArray(pos); var meta = { sizeArray: sizeArray, slotId: slotId, placeholderId: pos, index: 1, articleIndex: articleIndex, pageIndex: 1, unitPath: unitPath, batch: articleIndex + 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