CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="ro" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Jonas Salk - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )rowikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[",\t.",".\t,"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""], "wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","ianuarie","februarie","martie","aprilie","mai","iunie","iulie","august","septembrie","octombrie","noiembrie","decembrie"],"wgRequestId":"a5141fb0-1e18-4b15-89ba-46f04bccd432","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Jonas_Salk","wgTitle":"Jonas Salk","wgCurRevisionId":16485058,"wgRevisionId":16485058,"wgArticleId":851529,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Erori CS1: parameter link","Articole cu legături către elemente fără etichetă în limba română","Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori BIBSYS","Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori BNF","Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori CINII","Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori GND","Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori ISNI","Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori LCCN","Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori NARA","Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori NKC", "Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori NLA","Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori SBN","Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori SNAC-ID","Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori SUDOC","Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori ULAN","Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori VIAF","Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori WorldCat-VIAF","Control de autoritate cu 14 elemente","Articole Wikipedia cu control de autoritate","Nașteri în 1914","Decese în 1995","Umaniști americani","Inventatori americani","Medici americani","Medici evrei","Oameni de știință evrei","Evrei americani","Epidemiologi","Vaccinologi","Virologi","Microbiologi americani","Poliomielita","Biologi din secolul al XX-lea"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"ro","wgPageContentLanguage":"ro","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Jonas_Salk","wgRelevantArticleId":851529,"wgTempUserName":null,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia", "wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"ro","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"ro"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":10000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q200101","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false,"wgSiteNoticeId":"2.2"};RLSTATE={ "ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready","ext.dismissableSiteNotice.styles":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","site","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns", "ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking","ext.dismissableSiteNotice"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=ro&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.dismissableSiteNotice.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=ro&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=ro&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Dr_Jonas_Edward_Salk_%28cropped%29.jpg/1200px-Dr_Jonas_Edward_Salk_%28cropped%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1315"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Dr_Jonas_Edward_Salk_%28cropped%29.jpg/800px-Dr_Jonas_Edward_Salk_%28cropped%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="877"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Dr_Jonas_Edward_Salk_%28cropped%29.jpg/640px-Dr_Jonas_Edward_Salk_%28cropped%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="702"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Jonas Salk - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//ro.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonas_Salk"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Modificare" href="/w/index.php?title=Jonas_Salk&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (ro)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//ro.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonas_Salk"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.ro"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Abonare Atom" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Schimb%C4%83ri_recente&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Jonas_Salk rootpage-Jonas_Salk skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Sari la conținut</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Meniul principal" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Meniul principal</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Meniul principal</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">mută în bara laterală</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigare </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pagina_principal%C4%83" title="Vedeți pagina principală [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Pagina principală</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Schimb%C4%83ri_recente" title="Lista ultimelor schimbări realizate în acest wiki [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Schimbări recente</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Cafenea" title="Informații despre evenimentele curente"><span>Cafenea</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Aleatoriu" title="Afișează o pagină aleatoare [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Articol aleatoriu</span></a></li><li id="n-Facebook" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/WikipediaRomana" rel="nofollow"><span>Facebook</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Participare" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Participare" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Participare </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-Cum-încep-pe-Wikipedia" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ajutor:Bun_venit"><span>Cum încep pe Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ajutor:Cuprins" title="Locul în care găsiți ajutor"><span>Ajutor</span></a></li><li id="n-Portals" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:R%C4%83sfoire"><span>Portaluri tematice</span></a></li><li id="n-Articole-cerute" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Articole_cerute"><span>Articole cerute</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Pagina_principal%C4%83" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="enciclopedia liberă" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-ro.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:C%C4%83utare" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Căutare în Wikipedia [c]" accesskey="c"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Căutare</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Căutare în Wikipedia" aria-label="Căutare în Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Căutare în Wikipedia [c]" accesskey="c" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Căutare"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Căutare</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Unelte personale"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspect"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Aspect" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Aspect</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ro.wikipedia.org&uselang=ro" class=""><span>Donații</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%C3%8Enregistrare&returnto=Jonas+Salk" title="Vă încurajăm să vă creați un cont și să vă autentificați; totuși, nu este obligatoriu" class=""><span>Creare cont</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Autentificare&returnto=Jonas+Salk" title="Sunteți încurajat să vă autentificați, deși acest lucru nu este obligatoriu. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Autentificare</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out user-links-collapsible-item" title="Mai multe opțiuni" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Unelte personale" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Unelte personale</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Meniul de utilizator" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ro.wikipedia.org&uselang=ro"><span>Donații</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%C3%8Enregistrare&returnto=Jonas+Salk" title="Vă încurajăm să vă creați un cont și să vă autentificați; totuși, nu este obligatoriu"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Creare cont</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Autentificare&returnto=Jonas+Salk" title="Sunteți încurajat să vă autentificați, deși acest lucru nu este obligatoriu. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Autentificare</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><div id="mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace"></div><script>(function(){var node=document.getElementById("mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace");if(node){node.outerHTML="\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-close\"\u003E[\u003Ca tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"\u003Eascunde\u003C/a\u003E]\u003C/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-body\"\u003E\u003C!-- CentralNotice --\u003E\u003Cdiv id=\"localNotice\" data-nosnippet=\"\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"anonnotice\" lang=\"ro\" dir=\"ltr\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"plainlinks\" style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; margin: 0 0 3px;\"\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"nomobile\" style=\"float:right\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan typeof=\"mw:File\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/Wikipedia:Concurs_de_scriere\" title=\"Wikipedia:Concurs de scriere\"\u003E\u003Cimg src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Concurs_de_scriere.png/126px-Concurs_de_scriere.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"126\" height=\"95\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Concurs_de_scriere.png/189px-Concurs_de_scriere.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Concurs_de_scriere.png/251px-Concurs_de_scriere.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"506\" data-file-height=\"383\" /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv style=\"color: grey; max-width:1280px; margin: 12px auto; font-family: Tahoma, \u0026#39;DejaVu Sans Condensed\u0026#39;, sans-serif; text-align: center; font-size: 12pt; position: relative;\"\u003EA început o nouă ediție a concursului de scriere! Sunteți cu drag invitați să participați la ediția cu numărul 22, cu articole scrise sau dezvoltate considerabil între 1 aprilie și 30 noiembrie 2024. Pentru înscriere de articole la concurs (nominalizări), condiții de eligibilitate, punctare și alte detalii, vă rugăm să accesați \u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/Wikipedia:Concurs_de_scriere\" title=\"Wikipedia:Concurs de scriere\"\u003Epagina\u0026#160;concursului\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E.\u003C/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv style=\"clear: both;\"\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\n\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E";}}());</script></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Cuprins" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Cuprins</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mută în bara laterală</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Început</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Copilăria_și_tinerețea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Copilăria_și_tinerețea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Copilăria și tinerețea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Copilăria_și_tinerețea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Activitatea_medicală_și_de_cercetare" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Activitatea_medicală_și_de_cercetare"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Activitatea medicală și de cercetare</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Activitatea_medicală_și_de_cercetare-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Activitatea medicală și de cercetare subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Activitatea_medicală_și_de_cercetare-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Stagiul_medical_la_Spitalul_Mount_Sinai" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stagiul_medical_la_Spitalul_Mount_Sinai"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Stagiul medical la Spitalul Mount Sinai</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stagiul_medical_la_Spitalul_Mount_Sinai-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dezvoltarea_unui_vaccin_antigripal_împreună_cu_Thomas_Francis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dezvoltarea_unui_vaccin_antigripal_împreună_cu_Thomas_Francis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Dezvoltarea unui vaccin antigripal împreună cu Thomas Francis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dezvoltarea_unui_vaccin_antigripal_împreună_cu_Thomas_Francis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Plecarea_la_Pittsburgh_–_Începutul_cercetării_în_domeniul_poliomielitei" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Plecarea_la_Pittsburgh_–_Începutul_cercetării_în_domeniul_poliomielitei"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Plecarea la Pittsburgh – Începutul cercetării în domeniul poliomielitei</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Plecarea_la_Pittsburgh_–_Începutul_cercetării_în_domeniul_poliomielitei-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reușita_campaniei_împotriva_paraliziei_infantile" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reușita_campaniei_împotriva_paraliziei_infantile"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Reușita campaniei împotriva paraliziei infantile</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reușita_campaniei_împotriva_paraliziei_infantile-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Viața_particulară" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Viața_particulară"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Viața particulară</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Viața_particulară-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Premii_și_onoruri" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Premii_și_onoruri"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Premii și onoruri</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Premii_și_onoruri-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_Memoriam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_Memoriam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>In Memoriam</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_Memoriam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cărți_publicate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cărți_publicate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Cărți publicate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cărți_publicate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Cuprins" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Comută cuprinsul" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Comută cuprinsul</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Jonas Salk</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Mergeți la un articol în altă limbă. Disponibil în 76 limbi" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-76" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">76 limbi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonas_Salk" title="Jonas Salk – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Jonas Salk" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%84%D9%83" title="جوناس سولك – arabă" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جوناس سولك" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%84%D9%83" title="جوناس سولك – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جوناس سولك" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonas_Salk" title="Jonas Salk – asturiană" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Jonas Salk" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conas_Solk" title="Conas Solk – azeră" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Conas Solk" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azeră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9" title="جوناس سالک – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="جوناس سالک" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BA" title="Джонас Солк – belarusă" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Джонас Солк" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BA" title="Джонас Солк – bulgară" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Джонас Солк" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8_%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95" title="জোনাস এডওয়ার্ড সল্ক – bengaleză" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জোনাস এডওয়ার্ড সল্ক" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonas_Salk" title="Jonas Salk – bosniacă" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Jonas Salk" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonas_Salk" title="Jonas Salk – catalană" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Jonas Salk" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonas_Salk" title="Jonas Salk – cehă" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Jonas Salk" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="cehă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonas_Salk" title="Jonas Salk – galeză" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Jonas Salk" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonas_Salk" title="Jonas Salk – daneză" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Jonas Salk" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonas_Salk" title="Jonas Salk – germană" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Jonas Salk" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="germană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%B6%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%82_%CE%A3%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BA" title="Τζόνας Σολκ – greacă" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τζόνας Σολκ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonas_Salk" title="Jonas Salk – engleză" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Jonas Salk" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonas_Salk" title="Jonas Salk – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Jonas Salk" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonas_Salk" title="Jonas Salk – spaniolă" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Jonas Salk" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spaniolă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonas_Salk" title="Jonas Salk – estonă" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Jonas Salk" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonas_Salk" title="Jonas Salk – bască" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Jonas Salk" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="bască" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9" title="جوناس سالک – persană" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جوناس سالک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonas_Salk" title="Jonas Salk – finlandeză" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Jonas Salk" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonas_Salk" title="Jonas Salk – franceză" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Jonas Salk" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franceză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonas_Salk" title="Jonas Salk – frizonă occidentală" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Jonas Salk" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frizonă occidentală" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonas_Edward_Salk" title="Jonas Edward Salk – irlandeză" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Jonas Edward Salk" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonas_Salk" title="Jonas Salk – galiciană" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Jonas Salk" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiciană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%94_%D7%A1%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%A7" title="יונה סאלק – ebraică" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="יונה סאלק" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95" title="जोनास सॉल्क – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जोनास सॉल्क" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonas_Salk" title="Jonas Salk – croată" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Jonas Salk" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonas_Edward_Salk" title="Jonas Edward Salk – maghiară" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Jonas Edward Salk" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="maghiară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8B%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%BD_%D5%8D%D5%B8%D5%AC%D6%84" title="Ջոնաս Սոլք – armeană" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ջոնաս Սոլք" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonas_Salk" title="Jonas Salk – indoneziană" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Jonas Salk" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indoneziană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonas_Salk" title="Jonas Salk – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Jonas Salk" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonas_Salk" title="Jonas Salk – islandeză" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Jonas Salk" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonas_Salk" title="Jonas Salk – italiană" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Jonas Salk" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A7%E3%83%8A%E3%82%B9%E3%83%BB%E3%82%BD%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AF" title="ジョナス・ソーク – japoneză" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ジョナス・ソーク" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonas_Edward_Salk" title="Jonas Edward Salk – javaneză" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Jonas Edward Salk" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A1%B0%EB%84%88%EC%8A%A4_%EC%86%8C%ED%81%AC" title="조너스 소크 – coreeană" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="조너스 소크" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionas_Salk" title="Ionas Salk – latină" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ionas Salk" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latină" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonas_Salk" title="Jonas Salk – lituaniană" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Jonas Salk" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituaniană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%BEonass_Solks" title="Džonass Solks – letonă" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Džonass Solks" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonas_Salk" title="Jonas Salk – malgașă" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Jonas Salk" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgașă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%8F%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BA" title="Џонас Салк – macedoneană" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Џонас Салк" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoneană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BD%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D" title="ജോനസ് സാൽക് – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ജോനസ് സാൽക്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonas_Salk" title="Jonas Salk – malaeză" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Jonas Salk" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonas_Salk" title="Jonas Salk – neerlandeză" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Jonas Salk" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonas_Salk" title="Jonas Salk – norvegiană bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Jonas Salk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegiană bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%95" title="ਜੋਨਾਸ ਸਾਲਕ – punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਜੋਨਾਸ ਸਾਲਕ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonas_Salk" title="Jonas Salk – poloneză" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Jonas Salk" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B3_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9" title="جونس سالک – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="جونس سالک" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonas_Salk" title="Jonas Salk – portugheză" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Jonas Salk" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BA,_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Солк, Джонас – rusă" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Солк, Джонас" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D_%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8D_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D" title="जोनास् एड्वर्ड् साक् – sanscrită" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="जोनास् एड्वर्ड् साक्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanscrită" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonas_Salk" title="Jonas Salk – scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Jonas Salk" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonas_Salk" title="Jonas Salk – sârbo-croată" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Jonas Salk" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="sârbo-croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%9D%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%9D%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A" title="ජෝනස් සෝක් – singhaleză" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ජෝනස් සෝක්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singhaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonas_Salk" title="Jonas Salk – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Jonas Salk" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonas_Salk" title="Jonas Salk – slovacă" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Jonas Salk" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonas_Salk" title="Jonas Salk – slovenă" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Jonas Salk" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%8F%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BA" title="Џонас Солк – sârbă" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Џонас Солк" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="sârbă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonas_Salk" title="Jonas Salk – suedeză" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Jonas Salk" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suedeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D" title="யோனாசு சால்க் – tamilă" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="யோனாசு சால்க்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D" title="జోనస్ సాల్క్ – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="జోనస్ సాల్క్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA_%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%81" title="โจนัส ซอล์ก – thailandeză" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="โจนัส ซอล์ก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonas_Salk" title="Jonas Salk – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Jonas Salk" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonas_Salk" title="Jonas Salk – turcă" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Jonas Salk" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turcă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BA" title="Джонас Солк – ucraineană" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Джонас Солк" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraineană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B3_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9" title="جونس سالک – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="جونس سالک" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonas_Salk" title="Jonas Salk – vietnameză" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Jonas Salk" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnameză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonas_Salk" title="Jonas Salk – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Jonas Salk" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B9%94%E7%BA%B3%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E7%B4%A2%E5%B0%94%E5%85%8B" title="乔纳斯·索尔克 – chineză wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="乔纳斯·索尔克" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="chineză wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AF%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%99%E1%83%98" title="ჯონას სოლკი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ჯონას სოლკი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%94_%D7%A1%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%A7" title="יונה סאלק – idiș" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="יונה סאלק" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="idiș" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B9%94%E7%BA%B3%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E7%B4%A2%E5%B0%94%E5%85%8B" title="乔纳斯·索尔克 – chineză" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="乔纳斯·索尔克" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chineză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A5%96%E7%B4%8D%E6%96%AF%E6%B2%99%E5%85%8B" title="祖納斯沙克 – cantoneză" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="祖納斯沙克" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q200101#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifică legăturile interlinguale" class="wbc-editpage">Modifică legăturile</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Spații de nume"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Jonas_Salk" title="Vedeți conținutul paginii [a]" accesskey="a"><span>Articol</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discu%C8%9Bie:Jonas_Salk" rel="discussion" title="Discuții despre această pagină [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discuție</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">română</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Vizualizări"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Jonas_Salk"><span>Lectură</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jonas_Salk&veaction=edit" title="Modificați această pagină cu EditorulVizual [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modificare</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jonas_Salk&action=edit" title="Modificați codul sursă al acestei pagini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modificare sursă</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jonas_Salk&action=history" title="Versiunile anterioare ale paginii și autorii lor. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Istoric</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Unelte" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Unelte</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Unelte</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">mută în bara laterală</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Mai multe opțiuni" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Acțiuni </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Jonas_Salk"><span>Lectură</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jonas_Salk&veaction=edit" title="Modificați această pagină cu EditorulVizual [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modificare</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jonas_Salk&action=edit" title="Modificați codul sursă al acestei pagini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modificare sursă</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jonas_Salk&action=history"><span>Istoric</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Ce_se_leag%C4%83_aici/Jonas_Salk" title="Lista tuturor paginilor wiki care conduc spre această pagină [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Ce trimite aici</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Modific%C4%83ri_corelate/Jonas_Salk" rel="nofollow" title="Schimbări recente în legătură cu această pagină [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Schimbări corelate</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Trimite_fi%C8%99ier" title="Încărcare fișiere [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Trimite fișier</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Pagini_speciale" title="Lista tuturor paginilor speciale [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Pagini speciale</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jonas_Salk&oldid=16485058" title="Legătură permanentă către această versiune a acestei pagini"><span>Legătură permanentă</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jonas_Salk&action=info" title="Mai multe informații despre această pagină"><span>Informații despre pagină</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Citeaz%C4%83&page=Jonas_Salk&id=16485058&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informații cu privire la modul de citare a acestei pagini"><span>Citează acest articol</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fro.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FJonas_Salk"><span>Obține URL scurtat</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fro.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FJonas_Salk"><span>Descărcați codul QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tipărire/exportare </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Carte&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Jonas+Salk"><span>Creare carte</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Jonas_Salk&action=show-download-screen"><span>Descărcare ca PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jonas_Salk&printable=yes" title="Versiunea de tipărit a acestei pagini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versiune de tipărit</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> În alte proiecte </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Jonas_Salk" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q200101" title="Legătură către elementul asociat din depozitul de date [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Element Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspect"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aspect</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mută în bara laterală</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">De la Wikipedia, enciclopedia liberă</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ro" dir="ltr"><table class="infocaseta"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="antet biografii" style="background-color:#F5F5DC;color:#000000;">Jonas Edward Salk</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Dr_Jonas_Edward_Salk_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Dr_Jonas_Edward_Salk_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Dr_Jonas_Edward_Salk_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="241" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Dr_Jonas_Edward_Salk_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Dr_Jonas_Edward_Salk_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Dr_Jonas_Edward_Salk_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Dr_Jonas_Edward_Salk_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1435" data-file-height="1573" /></a></span><br /><div style="margin-top: 3px"></div><span>Jonas Salk în 1959, pe aeroportul Copenhaga</span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#F5F5DC;color:#000000;">Date personale</th></tr><tr><th style=";">Nume la naștere</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><span lang="en">Jonas Salk</span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200101#P1449" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Născut</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/28_octombrie" title="28 octombrie">28 octombrie</a> <a href="/wiki/1914" title="1914">1914</a><br /><a href="/wiki/New_York_City" class="mw-redirect" title="New York City">New York City</a>,<br /> <a href="/wiki/SUA" class="mw-redirect" title="SUA">SUA</a></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Decedat</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/23_iunie" title="23 iunie">23 iunie</a> <a href="/wiki/1995" title="1995">1995</a><br /><a href="/wiki/La_Jolla" class="mw-redirect" title="La Jolla">La Jolla</a>, <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>,<br /> <a href="/wiki/SUA" class="mw-redirect" title="SUA">SUA</a></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Înmormântat</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200101#P119" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Cauza decesului</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Insuficien%C8%9B%C4%83_cardiac%C4%83" title="Insuficiență cardiacă">insuficiență cardiacă</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200101#P509" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Căsătorit cu</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q540665" class="extiw" title="d:Q540665">Françoise Gilot</a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7oise_Gilot_(pictori%C8%9B%C4%83_francez%C4%83)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Françoise Gilot (pictoriță franceză) — pagină inexistentă"></a></span><small> (<time datetime="1970">1970</time>–<time datetime="1995-06-23">23 iunie 1995</time>)</small> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200101#P26" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Copii</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q116263780" class="extiw" title="d:Q116263780"><span lang="en">Peter L. Salk</span></a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none">[[<span lang="en">Peter L. Salk</span> (researcher)|]]</span><br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q116263851" class="extiw" title="d:Q116263851"><span lang="en">Darrell Salk</span></a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none">[[<span lang="en">Darrell Salk</span> |]]</span><br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q116842327" class="extiw" title="d:Q116842327"><span lang="en">Jonathan Salk</span></a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none">[[<span lang="en">Jonathan Salk</span> |]]</span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200101#P40" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Cetățenie</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Flag_of_the_United_States.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Statele_Unite_ale_Americii" title="Statele Unite ale Americii">Statele Unite ale Americii</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200101#P27" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Ocupație</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Medic" title="Medic">medic</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Biolog" title="Biolog">biolog</a><br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12765408" class="extiw" title="d:Q12765408">epidemiolog</a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Epidemiolog_(cercet%C4%83tor_al_epidemiilor)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Epidemiolog (cercetător al epidemiilor) — pagină inexistentă"></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Inventator" title="Inventator">inventator</a><br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15634281" class="extiw" title="d:Q15634281">virolog</a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virolog_(scientist_who_deals_with_viruses)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Virolog (scientist who deals with viruses) — pagină inexistentă"></a></span><br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12119633" class="extiw" title="d:Q12119633">imunolog</a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Imunolog_(scientist_or_clinician_who_specialise_in_the_field_of_immunology)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Imunolog (scientist or clinician who specialise in the field of immunology) — pagină inexistentă"></a></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200101#P106" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Limbi vorbite</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Limba_englez%C4%83" title="Limba engleză">limba engleză</a><sup id="cite_ref-7b57188bc0d7f319161273f241f2c260_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7b57188bc0d7f319161273f241f2c260-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16236537">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"„""”""«""»"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}</style> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200101#P1412" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#F5F5DC;color:#000000;">Activitate</th></tr><tr><th style=";">Rezidență</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Statele_Unite_ale_Americii" title="Statele Unite ale Americii">Statele Unite ale Americii</a>  <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200101#P551" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Domeniu</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Virologie" title="Virologie">virologie</a> și <a href="/wiki/Epidemiologie" title="Epidemiologie">epidemiologie</a></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Instituție</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Universitatea_din_Pittsburgh" title="Universitatea din Pittsburgh">Universitatea Pittsburgh</a>  <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200101#P108" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Alma Mater</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Universitatea_din_Michigan" title="Universitatea din Michigan">Universitatea din Michigan</a><br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1093910" class="extiw" title="d:Q1093910">City College of New York</a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=City_College_of_New_York_(senior_college_of_the_City_University_of_New_York)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="City College of New York (senior college of the City University of New York) — pagină inexistentă"></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/New_York_University" title="New York University">Universitatea New York</a><br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3100195" class="extiw" title="d:Q3100195"><span lang="en">New York University School of Medicine</span></a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none">[[<span lang="en">New York University School of Medicine</span> (medical school of New York University)|]]</span><br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5434028" class="extiw" title="d:Q5434028"><span lang="en">Fanny Edel Falk Laboratory School</span></a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none">[[<span lang="en">Fanny Edel Falk Laboratory School</span> (private school in the United States)|]]</span>  <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200101#P69" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Organizații</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q463303" class="extiw" title="d:Q463303">Academia Americană de Arte și Științe</a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Academia_American%C4%83_de_Arte_%C8%99i_%C8%98tiin%C8%9Be_(United_States_honorary_society_and_policy_research_center)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Academia Americană de Arte și Științe (United States honorary society and policy research center) — pagină inexistentă"></a></span><br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1938003" class="extiw" title="d:Q1938003"><span lang="en">Phi Beta Kappa Society</span></a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none">[[<span lang="en">Phi Beta Kappa Society</span> (honor society for the liberal arts and sciences in the United States)|]]</span><br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40358" class="extiw" title="d:Q40358">Asociația Americană pentru Progresul Științei</a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asocia%C8%9Bia_American%C4%83_pentru_Progresul_%C8%98tiin%C8%9Bei_(international_non-profit_organization_promoting_science)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asociația Americană pentru Progresul Științei (international non-profit organization promoting science) — pagină inexistentă"></a></span><sup id="cite_ref-efc57c45e81d8c648693709308ced31f_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-efc57c45e81d8c648693709308ced31f-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537">  <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200101#P463" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Conducător de doctorat</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2423973" class="extiw" title="d:Q2423973"><span lang="en">Thomas Francis, Jr.</span></a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none">[[<span lang="en">Thomas Francis, Jr.</span> (American physician, virologist, and epidemiologist (1900-1969))|]]</span>  <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200101#P184" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Cunoscut pentru</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaccin_poliomielitic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vaccin poliomielitic — pagină inexistentă">Primul vaccin contra poliomielitei</a></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Premii</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lasker">Premiul Lasker</a> (<a href="/wiki/1956" title="1956">1956</a>)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#F5F5DC;color:#000000;">Semnătură</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;;"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Jonas_Salk_signature.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Jonas_Salk_signature.svg/150px-Jonas_Salk_signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="71" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Jonas_Salk_signature.svg/225px-Jonas_Salk_signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Jonas_Salk_signature.svg/300px-Jonas_Salk_signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="278" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="navigation-only" colspan="2" style="border-top: 2px ##F5F5DC solid; font-size: 80%; background:inherit; color:var(--color-base, #000); text-align: right;"><span class="plainlinks" style="float:left;">Modifică <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200101" class="extiw" title="d:Q200101">date</a> / <a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jonas_Salk&action=edit&section=0">text</a></span> <span title="Consultați documentația formatului"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Format:Infocaseta_Om_de_%C8%99tiin%C8%9B%C4%83" title="Consultați documentația formatului"><img alt="Consultați documentația formatului" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gtk-dialog-info.svg/12px-Gtk-dialog-info.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gtk-dialog-info.svg/18px-Gtk-dialog-info.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gtk-dialog-info.svg/24px-Gtk-dialog-info.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16573438">.mw-parser-output .infocaseta{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:var(--color-base,#000)}.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style> <p><b>Jonas Edward Salk</b> (n. <a href="/wiki/28_octombrie" title="28 octombrie">28 octombrie</a> <a href="/wiki/1914" title="1914">1914</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" class="mw-redirect" title="New York City">New York City</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="New York">New York</a>, <a href="/wiki/SUA" class="mw-redirect" title="SUA">SUA</a> - d. <a href="/wiki/23_iunie" title="23 iunie">23 iunie</a> <a href="/wiki/1995" title="1995">1995</a>, <a href="/wiki/La_Jolla" class="mw-redirect" title="La Jolla">La Jolla</a>, <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>, <a href="/wiki/SUA" class="mw-redirect" title="SUA">SUA</a>), a fost un medic virusolog american, creatorul vaccinului contra <a href="/wiki/Poliomielit%C4%83" title="Poliomielită">poliomielitei</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Copilăria_și_tinerețea"><span id="Copil.C4.83ria_.C8.99i_tinere.C8.9Bea"></span>Copilăria și tinerețea</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jonas_Salk&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifică secțiunea: Copilăria și tinerețea" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jonas_Salk&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Copilăria și tinerețea"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Jonas Salk s-a născut la New York, ca fiul cel mai mare al unei perechi de <a href="/wiki/Evrei" title="Evrei">evrei</a> originari din <a href="/wiki/Imperiul_Rus" title="Imperiul Rus">Imperiul Rus</a>, Daniel Salk și Dora născută Press. Familia a locuit mai întâi în <a href="/wiki/Harlem" title="Harlem">Harlemul</a> de est, apoi în cartierul <a href="/wiki/Bronx" class="mw-redirect" title="Bronx">Bronx</a>, iar ulterior în <a href="/wiki/Queens" title="Queens">Queens</a> Tatăl era croitor de dame și și-a dorit ca cei trei fii ai săi să aibă parte de o educație corespunzătoare. Frații lui Jonas se numeau Herman și Lee, acesta din urmă fiind cunoscut ulterior ca <a href="/wiki/Psiholog" title="Psiholog">psiholog</a> de copii. La vârsta de 12 ani Salk a fost înscris la liceul Townsend Harris, o școală particulară pentru școlari dotați, în care elevii urmau să cuprindă în trei ani un program care la origine era destinat pentru o perioada de 4 ani. Salk s-a distins curând la învățătură și ca un avid cititor de cărți. După bacalaureat, la numai 15 ani, în septembrie 1930, în toiul crizei economice mondiale, a izbutit să fie admis la City College din New York. La insistențele mamei sale, el a renunțat la planurile inițiale de a deveni avocat, și s-a concentrat asupra materiilor necesare pentru ulterioare studii de medicină. Deși resursele colegiului lăsau de dorit (avea puține laboratoare de cercetare, o bibliotecă incompletă și putini conferențiari de renume) Salk s-a distins ]n 1934 ca unul din cei mai buni absolvenți cu titlul de B.S. în <a href="/wiki/Chimie" title="Chimie">chimie</a> și a obținut o bursă pentru continuarea studiilor de medicină la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Universitatea_New_York&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Universitatea New York — pagină inexistentă">Universitatea New York</a> De la bun început Salk s-a decis nu pentru o carieră de medic practicant, ci pentru una de cercetare. Vreme de un an a întrerupt studiile obișnuite de medicină, pentru a studia <a href="/wiki/Biochimie" title="Biochimie">biochimia</a>, apoi s-a preocupat mai cu seama de <a href="/wiki/Bacteriologie" title="Bacteriologie">bacteriologie</a>. Era convins că pe această cale, va putea fi de folos omenirii în general, și nu numai unor pacienți individuali. În ultimul an de studiu a lucrat vreme de două luni ca voluntar în laboratorul lui Thomas Francis junior, care efectuase înainte cercetări pentru Fundația Rockefeller, unde descoperise tipul B al <a href="/wiki/Virus" title="Virus">virusului</a> <a href="/wiki/Gripa" class="mw-redirect" title="Gripa">gripei</a>. Francis l-a introdus pe Salk în domeniul virusologiei. În 1939 Salk a promovat facultatea cu titlul de doctor în medicină. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Activitatea_medicală_și_de_cercetare"><span id="Activitatea_medical.C4.83_.C8.99i_de_cercetare"></span>Activitatea medicală și de cercetare</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jonas_Salk&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifică secțiunea: Activitatea medicală și de cercetare" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jonas_Salk&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Activitatea medicală și de cercetare"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Stagiul_medical_la_Spitalul_Mount_Sinai">Stagiul medical la Spitalul Mount Sinai</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jonas_Salk&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifică secțiunea: Stagiul medical la Spitalul Mount Sinai" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jonas_Salk&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Stagiul medical la Spitalul Mount Sinai"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Începând din anul 1939 Salk a început un stagiu la Spitalul Mount Sinai din New York, iarăși într-un laborator al lui Francis. Deși s-a concentrat mai ales în munca de laborator, el a dovedit și excelente însușiri de clinician și <a href="/wiki/Chirurg" class="mw-redirect" title="Chirurg">chirurg</a> După încheierea stagiului, prin mijlocirea lui Thomas Francis jr. care între timp s-a mutat la Universitatea Michigan, Salk a obținut o bursă a Consiliului Național de Cercetare al Statelor Unite. După intrarea Statelor Unite în cel de <a href="/wiki/Al_Doilea_Razboi_Mondial" class="mw-redirect" title="Al Doilea Razboi Mondial">al Doilea Razboi Mondial</a> în anul 1941, Salk urma sa fie recrutat ca medic militar, dar datorita intervenției lui Thomas Francis, care a insistat asupra însemnătății supreme ale cercetărilor în care erau implicați pentru apărarea națională, el a putut în cele din urmă să-și înceapă în prima parte a anului 1942 munca științifică la <a href="/wiki/Ann_Arbor" class="mw-redirect" title="Ann Arbor">Ann Arbor</a>, Michigan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dezvoltarea_unui_vaccin_antigripal_împreună_cu_Thomas_Francis"><span id="Dezvoltarea_unui_vaccin_antigripal_.C3.AEmpreun.C4.83_cu_Thomas_Francis"></span>Dezvoltarea unui vaccin antigripal împreună cu Thomas Francis</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jonas_Salk&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifică secțiunea: Dezvoltarea unui vaccin antigripal împreună cu Thomas Francis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jonas_Salk&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Dezvoltarea unui vaccin antigripal împreună cu Thomas Francis"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Împreună cu Francis jr, Salk a dezvoltat un vaccin împotriva gripei, care a fost curând aplicat pe scara largă în bazele militare. El fusese responsabil de izolarea tulpinelor de virus necesare pentru compunerea vaccinului. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Plecarea_la_Pittsburgh_–_Începutul_cercetării_în_domeniul_poliomielitei"><span id="Plecarea_la_Pittsburgh_.E2.80.93_.C3.8Enceputul_cercet.C4.83rii_.C3.AEn_domeniul_poliomielitei"></span>Plecarea la Pittsburgh – Începutul cercetării în domeniul poliomielitei</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jonas_Salk&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifică secțiunea: Plecarea la Pittsburgh – Începutul cercetării în domeniul poliomielitei" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jonas_Salk&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Plecarea la Pittsburgh – Începutul cercetării în domeniul poliomielitei"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>În 1947 Salk s-a hotărât să caute un institut unde să conducă un laborator propriu de cercetări. După ce s-a lovit de trei refuzuri, a acceptat propunerea lui William McEllroy, decanul facultății de medicină de la Universitatea Pittsburgh, și în toamna anului 1947 s-a transferat în Pennsylvania. La început a trebuit să se măsoare cu condiții de lucru inferioare, în spații rău dotate în pivnițele Spitalului Municipal local, în cele din urmă a obținut ameliorarea situației, sprijin financiar și recunoașterea necesară. A prezentat decanului planul sau de munca în cercetarea în domeniul poliomielitei, al gripei, <a href="/wiki/Rujeola" class="mw-redirect" title="Rujeola">rujeolei</a>, și a răcelilor comune. Deși novice în cercetarea legată de poliomielită, a știut ca aceasta poate să atragă un sprijin adecvat din partea Fundației Naționale pentru Paralizia Infantilă. </p><p>La Pittsburgh Salk a reușit să dezvolte primul său vaccin activ contra virusului poliomielitei, pe care l-a testat pe sine însuși și pe membrii familiei sale. Era un vaccin cu viruși uciși cu ajutorul <a href="/wiki/Formol" class="mw-redirect" title="Formol">formolului</a>. Vaqccinul a fost aprobat pentru folosință în anul 1955. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reușita_campaniei_împotriva_paraliziei_infantile"><span id="Reu.C8.99ita_campaniei_.C3.AEmpotriva_paraliziei_infantile"></span>Reușita campaniei împotriva paraliziei infantile</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jonas_Salk&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifică secțiunea: Reușita campaniei împotriva paraliziei infantile" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jonas_Salk&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Reușita campaniei împotriva paraliziei infantile"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Vaccin" title="Vaccin">Vaccinul</a> zis Salk a fost unul dintre primele vaccinuri eficace pentru imunizarea contra unui <a href="/wiki/Virus" title="Virus">virus</a> în general. El a fost esențial pentru campania mondială de eradicare a <a href="/wiki/Poliomielit%C4%83" title="Poliomielită">poliomielitei</a>, altădată una din bolile cele mai ucigătoare și invalidante, mai ales la copii. Vaccinul funcționează pe principiul virusului slăbit. Adică injectarea unei forme slăbite, sau inofensive, a virusului poliomielitei la pacient, permite corpului uman să dezvolte o <a href="/wiki/Imunitate" class="mw-disambig" title="Imunitate">imunitate</a> contra acestuia, fără totuși a se îmbolnăvi grav. Imunizat contra formei slăbite, corpul este în consecință imunizat și contra formei mai virulente a aceluiași virus. În <a href="/wiki/1961" title="1961">1961</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Sabin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Albert Sabin — pagină inexistentă">Albert Sabin</a> avea să dezvolte un vaccin administrabil pe cale orală, plecând de la o formă slăbită a virusului. Salk nu a patentat niciodată vaccinul său, el nu gândea să devină milionar, estimând că salariul său și donațiile îi vor permite să viețuiască decent. Un ziarist (<a href="/wiki/Ed_Murrow" class="mw-redirect" title="Ed Murrow">Ed Murrow</a>) i-a pus întrebarea « De ce nu a patentat vaccinul său? », el i-a răspuns « Se patentează soarele? » Pentru el, rezultatul muncii sale aparținea omenirii. În pofida marelui succes al vaccinului său, mulți colegi s-au distanțat de Salk, deoarece el a încălcat reguli nescrise ale „Comunității științifice. ”În numeroasele sale apariții publice Salk a omis să sublinieze contribuția altor însemnați cercetători la realizarea vaccinului, de pilda cea a microbiologilor și epidemiologilor John Franklin Enders, Thomas H Weller și Frederick Chapman Robbins, care primiseră, de altfel, premiul Nobel pentru medicină în anul 1954. Salk a devenit în ochii opiniei publice unicul erou, fiind celebrat prin atribuirea numelui său atât vaccinului, cât și multor străzi, poduri și școli. </p><p>Potrivit cu dorința sa, în <a href="/wiki/1962" title="1962">1962</a> au început lucrările de construcție ale Institutului Salk de cercetari biologice din <a href="/wiki/La_Jolla" class="mw-redirect" title="La Jolla">La Jolla</a>, lângă <a href="/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego">San Diego</a>, în <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>, care a fost inaugurat în anul <a href="/wiki/1967" title="1967">1967</a>. </p><p>În ultimii ani ai vieții Salk a fost preocupat cu obținerea unui vaccin împotriva <a href="/wiki/SIDA" title="SIDA">SIDA</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Viața_particulară"><span id="Via.C8.9Ba_particular.C4.83"></span>Viața particulară</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jonas_Salk&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifică secțiunea: Viața particulară" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jonas_Salk&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Viața particulară"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Jonas Salk s-a căsătorit prima dată în 1939 cu Donna Lindsay, cu care a avut trei fii: Peter, Darrell și Lee. În 1968 cuplul a divorțat, iar în 1970 Salk s-a căsătorit cu <a href="/wiki/Pictor" title="Pictor">pictorița</a> Françoise Gilot, fostă iubită a lui <a href="/wiki/Pablo_Picasso" title="Pablo Picasso">Pablo Picasso</a> și mama a doi copii ai artistului. </p><p>Salk a murit la 23 iunie 1995 la La Jolla. El a fost înmormântat la <a href="/wiki/Cimitir" title="Cimitir">cimitirul</a> „El Camino Memorial Park” din San Diego. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Premii_și_onoruri"><span id="Premii_.C8.99i_onoruri"></span>Premii și onoruri</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jonas_Salk&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifică secțiunea: Premii și onoruri" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jonas_Salk&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Premii și onoruri"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1955 - Medalia de merit a Statului Pennsylvania</li> <li>1955 City University din New York creează bursa de studii Salk</li> <li>1955 - Medalia de aur a Congresului SUA</li> <li>1956 - Premiul Albert Lasker pentru cercetări clinice medicale</li> <li>1958 - Premiul James D.Bruce</li> <li>1958 - Onorat la Polio Hall of Fame la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Warm_Springs,Georgia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Warm Springs,Georgia — pagină inexistentă">Warm Springs,Georgia</a></li> <li>1975 - Premiul Jawaharlal Nehru pentru înțelegerea între popoare</li> <li>1976 - Ales Umanistul Anului de către Asociația Umanistă Americană</li> <li>1977 - Medalia Prezidențială a Libertății - din partea presedintelui <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a></li> <li>1995 - Premiu Special în cadrul celor Patru Premii ale Libertății</li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_Memoriam">In Memoriam</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jonas_Salk&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modifică secțiunea: In Memoriam" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jonas_Salk&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: In Memoriam"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Fundația March of Dimes creează premiul Salk in valoare de 250,000 $ pentru cercetători remarcabili în domeniul stiințelor biologice</li> <li>Scoli numeroase in Mesa Arizona, <a href="/wiki/Tulsa" class="mw-redirect" title="Tulsa">Tulsa</a> (Oklahoma), Bolingbrook (Illinois), Levittown (New York), Old Bridge (New Jersey) și <a href="/wiki/Sacramento" class="mw-redirect" title="Sacramento">Sacramento</a> (California),îi primesc numele</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cărți_publicate"><span id="C.C4.83r.C8.9Bi_publicate"></span>Cărți publicate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jonas_Salk&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Modifică secțiunea: Cărți publicate" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jonas_Salk&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Cărți publicate"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Man Unfolding</i> / <i>Dezvăluirea omului</i> (1972);</li> <li><i>Survival of the Wisest</i> / <i>Supraviețuirea celui mai înțelept</i> (1973);</li> <li><i>World Population and Human Values: A New Reality</i> / <i>Populația mondială și valorile umane: o realitate nouă</i> (1981);</li> <li><i>Anatomy of Reality: Merging of Intuition and Reason</i> / <i>Anatomia realității : fuzionarea intuiției și a rațiunii</i> (1983).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jonas_Salk&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Modifică secțiunea: Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jonas_Salk&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-efc57c45e81d8c648693709308ced31f-1"><b><a href="#cite_ref-efc57c45e81d8c648693709308ced31f_1-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nndb.com"><i>Notable Names Database</i></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Notable+Names+Database&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nndb.com&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AJonas+Salk" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7b57188bc0d7f319161273f241f2c260-2"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7b57188bc0d7f319161273f241f2c260_2-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"><i><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16744133" class="extiw" title="d:Q16744133">CONOR.SI</a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=CONOR.SI_(authority_control_file_for_author_and_corporate_names_in_Slovene_system_COBISS)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CONOR.SI (authority control file for author and corporate names in Slovene system COBISS) — pagină inexistentă"></a></span></i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%26%238203%3B&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AJonas+Salk" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment"><span style="font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Verificați valoarea <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|titlelink=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Ajutor:Erori_CS1#bad_paramlink" title="Ajutor:Erori CS1">ajutor</a>)</span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <table class="navbox" cellspacing="0" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding:2px;"> <table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse" style="width:100%;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="color:#000060; background:lightgrey;;color:#000060; background:lightgrey;" colspan="3" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:6em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-base, #000); white-space:nowrap; ;"><span style="color:#000060; background:lightgrey;;color:#000060; background:lightgrey;;border:none;"><a href="/wiki/Format:Time_100:_Cei_mai_importan%C8%9Bi_oameni_ai_secolului_XX" title="Format:Time 100: Cei mai importanți oameni ai secolului XX"><span title="Vizualizare format" style="color:#000060; background:lightgrey;;color:#000060; background:lightgrey;;border:none;;">v</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Discu%C8%9Bie_Format:Time_100:_Cei_mai_importan%C8%9Bi_oameni_ai_secolului_XX&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Discuție Format:Time 100: Cei mai importanți oameni ai secolului XX — pagină inexistentă"><span title="Discuție format" style="color:#000060; background:lightgrey;;color:#000060; background:lightgrey;;border:none;;">d</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Format:Time_100:_Cei_mai_importan%C8%9Bi_oameni_ai_secolului_XX&action=edit"><span title="Acest format se poate modifica. Folosiți butonul de previzualizare înainte de a salva." style="color:#000060; background:lightgrey;;color:#000060; background:lightgrey;;border:none;;">m</span></a></span></div></div><span class="" style="font-size: 110%;"><a href="/wiki/Time_100:_The_Most_Important_People_of_the_Century" title="Time 100: The Most Important People of the Century">Time 100: Cei mai importanți oameni ai secolului XX</a></span> </th></tr> <tr style="height:2px;"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="color:#000060; background:lightgrey;;;">Lideri și revoluționari </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/David_Ben_Gurion" title="David Ben Gurion">David Ben Gurion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Mahatma Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mihail_Gorbaciov" title="Mihail Gorbaciov">Mihail Gorbaciov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ho_%C8%98i_Min" title="Ho Și Min">Ho Și Min</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Ioan_Paul_al_II-lea" title="Papa Ioan Paul al II-lea">Papa Ioan Paul al II-lea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruhollah_Khomeini" title="Ruhollah Khomeini">Ruhollah Khomeini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King" title="Martin Luther King">Martin Luther King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Ilici_Lenin" title="Vladimir Ilici Lenin">Vladimir Ilici Lenin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela" title="Nelson Mandela">Nelson Mandela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mao_Zedong" title="Mao Zedong">Mao Zedong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Roosevelt" title="Eleanor Roosevelt">Eleanor Roosevelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Delano_Roosevelt" title="Franklin Delano Roosevelt">Franklin Delano Roosevelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Theodore Roosevelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Sanger" title="Margaret Sanger">Margaret Sanger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher">Margaret Thatcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omul_din_Pia%C8%9Ba_Tiananmen" title="Omul din Piața Tiananmen">Omul din Piața Tiananmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lech_Wa%C5%82%C4%99sa" title="Lech Wałęsa">Lech Wałęsa</a></li></ul></div> </td> <td class="navbox-image" style="width:0%;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px;" rowspan="9"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Time_Magazine_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Time_Magazine_logo.svg/75px-Time_Magazine_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Time_Magazine_logo.svg/113px-Time_Magazine_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Time_Magazine_logo.svg/150px-Time_Magazine_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="298" data-file-height="92" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="color:#000060; background:lightgrey;;;">Artiști și animatori </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Armstrong" title="Louis Armstrong">Louis Armstrong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucille_Ball" title="Lucille Ball">Lucille Ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Beatles" title="The Beatles">The Beatles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marlon_Brando" title="Marlon Brando">Marlon Brando</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coco_Chanel" title="Coco Chanel">Coco Chanel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Chaplin" title="Charlie Chaplin">Charlie Chaplin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Corbusier" title="Le Corbusier">Le Corbusier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Dylan" title="Bob Dylan">Bob Dylan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._S._Eliot" title="T. S. Eliot">T. S. Eliot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aretha_Franklin" title="Aretha Franklin">Aretha Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Graham" title="Martha Graham">Martha Graham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Henson" title="Jim Henson">Jim Henson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Joyce" title="James Joyce">James Joyce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pablo_Picasso" title="Pablo Picasso">Pablo Picasso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodgers_%C8%99i_Hammerstein" title="Rodgers și Hammerstein">Rodgers și Hammerstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bart_Simpson" title="Bart Simpson">Bart Simpson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Sinatra" title="Frank Sinatra">Frank Sinatra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Spielberg" title="Steven Spielberg">Steven Spielberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igor_Stravinski" title="Igor Stravinski">Igor Stravinski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey" title="Oprah Winfrey">Oprah Winfrey</a></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="color:#000060; background:lightgrey;;;">Făuritori și titani </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephen_Bechtel_Sr.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stephen Bechtel Sr. — pagină inexistentă">Stephen Bechtel Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Burnett" title="Leo Burnett">Leo Burnett</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Willis_Carrier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Willis Carrier — pagină inexistentă">Willis Carrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walt_Disney" title="Walt Disney">Walt Disney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Ford" title="Henry Ford">Henry Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates">Bill Gates</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amadeo_Giannini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amadeo Giannini — pagină inexistentă">Amadeo Giannini</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ray_Kroc&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ray Kroc — pagină inexistentă">Ray Kroc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Est%C3%A9e_Lauder" title="Estée Lauder">Estée Lauder</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Levitt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Levitt — pagină inexistentă">William Levitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucky_Luciano" title="Lucky Luciano">Lucky Luciano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_B._Mayer" title="Louis B. Mayer">Louis B. Mayer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_E._Merrill&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles E. Merrill — pagină inexistentă">Charles E. Merrill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akio_Morita" title="Akio Morita">Akio Morita</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walter_Reuther&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Walter Reuther — pagină inexistentă">Walter Reuther</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pete_Rozelle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pete Rozelle — pagină inexistentă">Pete Rozelle</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Sarnoff&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David Sarnoff — pagină inexistentă">David Sarnoff</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juan_Trippe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Juan Trippe — pagină inexistentă">Juan Trippe</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sam_Walton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sam Walton — pagină inexistentă">Sam Walton</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_J._Watson_Jr.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas J. Watson Jr. — pagină inexistentă">Thomas J. Watson Jr.</a></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="color:#000060; background:lightgrey;;;">Oameni de știință și gânditori </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Baekeland" title="Leo Baekeland">Leo Baekeland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee">Tim Berners-Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachel_Carson" title="Rachel Carson">Rachel Carson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Albert Einstein</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philo_Farnsworth&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philo Farnsworth — pagină inexistentă">Philo Farnsworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enrico_Fermi" title="Enrico Fermi">Enrico Fermi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Fleming" title="Alexander Fleming">Alexander Fleming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud">Sigmund Freud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_H._Goddard" title="Robert H. Goddard">Robert H. Goddard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurt_G%C3%B6del" title="Kurt Gödel">Kurt Gödel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Hubble" title="Edwin Hubble">Edwin Hubble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Maynard_Keynes" title="John Maynard Keynes">John Maynard Keynes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Familia_Leakey" title="Familia Leakey">Familia Leakey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Piaget" title="Jean Piaget">Jean Piaget</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jonas Salk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Bradford_Shockley" title="William Bradford Shockley">William Bradford Shockley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Turing" title="Alan Turing">Alan Turing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Crick" title="Francis Crick">Francis Crick</a> & <a href="/wiki/James_D._Watson" title="James D. Watson">James D. Watson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Wittgenstein" title="Ludwig Wittgenstein">Ludwig Wittgenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fra%C8%9Bii_Wright" title="Frații Wright">Frații Wright</a></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="color:#000060; background:lightgrey;;;">Eroi și legende </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ali" title="Muhammad Ali">Muhammad Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armata_Statelor_Unite_ale_Americii" title="Armata Statelor Unite ale Americii">Soldatul american</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diana,_Prin%C8%9Bes%C4%83_de_Wales" title="Diana, Prințesă de Wales">Diana, Prințesă de Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Frank" title="Anne Frank">Anne Frank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Graham" title="Billy Graham">Billy Graham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Che_Guevara" title="Che Guevara">Che Guevara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Hillary" title="Edmund Hillary">Edmund Hillary</a> & <a href="/wiki/Tenzing_Norgay" title="Tenzing Norgay">Tenzing Norgay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Keller" title="Helen Keller">Helen Keller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">Familia Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Lee" title="Bruce Lee">Bruce Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Lindbergh" title="Charles Lindbergh">Charles Lindbergh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvey_Milk" title="Harvey Milk">Harvey Milk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marilyn_Monroe" title="Marilyn Monroe">Marilyn Monroe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmeline_Pankhurst" title="Emmeline Pankhurst">Emmeline Pankhurst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosa_Parks" title="Rosa Parks">Rosa Parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pel%C3%A9" title="Pelé">Pelé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackie_Robinson" title="Jackie Robinson">Jackie Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrei_Saharov" title="Andrei Saharov">Andrei Saharov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maica_Tereza" title="Maica Tereza">Maica Tereza</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bill_W.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bill W. — pagină inexistentă">Bill W.</a></li></ul></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16513826">.mw-parser-output .navbox{margin:0 auto 0}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-group[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-image[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-list[style]{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-group[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-even[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-title[style]{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-color:#54595d!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-group[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-image[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-list[style]{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-group[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-even[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-title[style]{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-color:#54595d!important}}</style> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ajutor:Control_de_autoritate" title="Ajutor:Control de autoritate">Control de autoritate</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bibsys" title="Bibsys">BIBSYS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/99022867">99022867</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">BNF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb14064550v">cb14064550v</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb14064550v">(data)</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/CiNii" title="CiNii">CiNii</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA07226850?l=en">DA07226850</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Authority_File" class="mw-redirect" title="Integrated Authority File">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/130653802">130653802</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Name_Identifier" title="International Standard Name Identifier">ISNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://isni.org/isni/0000000108665179">0000 0001 0866 5179</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n50017557">n50017557</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Archives_and_Records_Administration" title="National Archives and Records Administration">NARA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10583118">10583118</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_the_Czech_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of the Czech Republic">NKC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jcu2013799345&CON_LNG=ENG">jcu2013799345</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Australia">NLA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an36095995">36095995</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Istituto_Centrale_per_il_Catalogo_Unico" title="Istituto Centrale per il Catalogo Unico">ICCU</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/risultati-autori/-/opac-autori/detail/IEIV011772?core=autoriall">IEIV011772</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/SNAC" title="SNAC">SNAC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://socialarchive.iath.virginia.edu/ark:/99166/w67n0xz8">w67n0xz8</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_universitaire_de_documentation" title="Système universitaire de documentation">SUDOC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027120082">027120082</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Union_List_of_Artist_Names" title="Union List of Artist Names">ULAN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500235742">500235742</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File" title="Virtual International Authority File">VIAF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/7396814">7396814</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/WorldCat_Identities" class="mw-redirect" title="WorldCat Identities">WorldCat Identities</a> (via VIAF): <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/identities/containsVIAFID/7396814">7396814</a></span></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Ajutor:Control_de_autoritate" title="Ajutor:Control de autoritate"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/OOjs_UI_icon_helpNotice-ltr.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_helpNotice-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/OOjs_UI_icon_helpNotice-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_helpNotice-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/OOjs_UI_icon_helpNotice-ltr.svg/40px-OOjs_UI_icon_helpNotice-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Adus de la <a dir="ltr" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jonas_Salk&oldid=16485058">https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jonas_Salk&oldid=16485058</a></div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:Categorii" title="Special:Categorii">Categorii</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Na%C8%99teri_%C3%AEn_1914" title="Categorie:Nașteri în 1914">Nașteri în 1914</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Decese_%C3%AEn_1995" title="Categorie:Decese în 1995">Decese în 1995</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Umani%C8%99ti_americani" title="Categorie:Umaniști americani">Umaniști americani</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Inventatori_americani" title="Categorie:Inventatori americani">Inventatori americani</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Medici_americani" title="Categorie:Medici americani">Medici americani</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Medici_evrei" title="Categorie:Medici evrei">Medici evrei</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Oameni_de_%C8%99tiin%C8%9B%C4%83_evrei" title="Categorie:Oameni de știință evrei">Oameni de știință evrei</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Evrei_americani" title="Categorie:Evrei americani">Evrei americani</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Epidemiologi" title="Categorie:Epidemiologi">Epidemiologi</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Categorie:Vaccinologi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Categorie:Vaccinologi — pagină inexistentă">Vaccinologi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Virologi" title="Categorie:Virologi">Virologi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Microbiologi_americani" title="Categorie:Microbiologi americani">Microbiologi americani</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Categorie:Poliomielita&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Categorie:Poliomielita — pagină inexistentă">Poliomielita</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Biologi_din_secolul_al_XX-lea" title="Categorie:Biologi din secolul al XX-lea">Biologi din secolul al XX-lea</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Categorii ascunse: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Erori_CS1:_parameter_link" title="Categorie:Erori CS1: parameter link">Erori CS1: parameter link</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Articole_cu_leg%C4%83turi_c%C4%83tre_elemente_f%C4%83r%C4%83_etichet%C4%83_%C3%AEn_limba_rom%C3%A2n%C4%83" title="Categorie:Articole cu legături către elemente fără etichetă în limba română">Articole cu legături către elemente fără etichetă în limba română</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Articole_Wikipedia_cu_identificatori_BIBSYS" title="Categorie:Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori BIBSYS">Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori BIBSYS</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Articole_Wikipedia_cu_identificatori_BNF" title="Categorie:Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori BNF">Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori BNF</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Articole_Wikipedia_cu_identificatori_CINII" title="Categorie:Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori CINII">Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori CINII</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Articole_Wikipedia_cu_identificatori_GND" title="Categorie:Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori GND">Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori GND</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Articole_Wikipedia_cu_identificatori_ISNI" title="Categorie:Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori ISNI">Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori ISNI</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Articole_Wikipedia_cu_identificatori_LCCN" title="Categorie:Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori LCCN">Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori LCCN</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Articole_Wikipedia_cu_identificatori_NARA" title="Categorie:Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori NARA">Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori NARA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Articole_Wikipedia_cu_identificatori_NKC" title="Categorie:Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori NKC">Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori NKC</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Articole_Wikipedia_cu_identificatori_NLA" title="Categorie:Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori NLA">Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori NLA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Articole_Wikipedia_cu_identificatori_SBN" title="Categorie:Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori SBN">Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori SBN</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Articole_Wikipedia_cu_identificatori_SNAC-ID" title="Categorie:Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori SNAC-ID">Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori SNAC-ID</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Articole_Wikipedia_cu_identificatori_SUDOC" title="Categorie:Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori SUDOC">Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori SUDOC</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Articole_Wikipedia_cu_identificatori_ULAN" title="Categorie:Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori ULAN">Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori ULAN</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Articole_Wikipedia_cu_identificatori_VIAF" title="Categorie:Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori VIAF">Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori VIAF</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Articole_Wikipedia_cu_identificatori_WorldCat-VIAF" title="Categorie:Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori WorldCat-VIAF">Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori WorldCat-VIAF</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Control_de_autoritate_cu_14_elemente" title="Categorie:Control de autoritate cu 14 elemente">Control de autoritate cu 14 elemente</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Articole_Wikipedia_cu_control_de_autoritate" title="Categorie:Articole Wikipedia cu control de autoritate">Articole Wikipedia cu control de autoritate</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Ultima editare a paginii a fost efectuată la 15 septembrie 2024, ora 01:37.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Acest text este disponibil sub licența <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.ro">Creative Commons cu atribuire și distribuire în condiții identice</a>; pot exista și clauze suplimentare. Vedeți detalii la <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">Termenii de utilizare</a>.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Politica de confidențialitate</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Despre">Despre Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Termeni">Termeni</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Cod de conduită</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Dezvoltatori</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/ro.wikipedia.org">Statistici</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Declarație cookie</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//ro.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jonas_Salk&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Versiune mobilă</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-9bpbq","wgBackendResponseTime":204,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.631","walltime":"1.056","ppvisitednodes":{"value":1413,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":71994,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":16100,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":11,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":16,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":8538,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":24,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 960.096 1 -total"," 89.06% 855.070 1 Format:Infocaseta_Om_de_știință"," 37.35% 358.584 5 Format:Listă_de_la_Wikidata"," 5.74% 55.066 1 Format:Control_de_autoritate"," 4.93% 47.286 1 Format:Time_100:_Cei_mai_importanți_oameni_ai_secolului_XX"," 4.72% 45.272 1 Format:Casetă_de_navigare_simplă"," 2.52% 24.196 2 Format:Valoare_unică_de_la_Wikidata"," 0.81% 7.821 7 Format:Editează_la_Wikidata"," 0.35% 3.386 1 Format:Tnavbar"," 0.33% 3.192 2 Format:!)"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.479","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":5005333,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-6b6c9bdc8b-nfk5h","timestamp":"20241104085636","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Jonas Salk","url":"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jonas_Salk","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q200101","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q200101","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2011-03-26T11:39:31Z","dateModified":"2024-09-14T23:37:17Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/b\/bd\/Dr_Jonas_Edward_Salk_%28cropped%29.jpg","headline":"medic american"}</script> </body> </html>