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Khantier – Wikipedia
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data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Innhold</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">skjul</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Til toppen)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Historie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Historie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kultur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kultur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Kultur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kultur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referanser" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referanser"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Referanser</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referanser-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Litteratur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Litteratur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Litteratur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Litteratur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksterne_lenker" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksterne_lenker"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Eksterne lenker</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksterne_lenker-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innhold" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Khantier</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå til en artikkel på et annet språk. Tilgjengelig på 55 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-55" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">55 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khantiar" title="Khantiar – norsk nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Khantiar" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norsk nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khanty" title="Khanty – dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Khanty" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chanter" title="Chanter – svensk" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Chanter" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%A8_%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%8A" title="شعب خانتي – arabisk" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="شعب خانتي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ostiacos" title="Ostiacos – aragonsk" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Ostiacos" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xant%C4%B1lar" title="Xantılar – aserbajdsjansk" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Xantılar" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Ханттар – basjkirsk" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ханттар" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="basjkirsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Ханты – belarusisk" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ханты" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Ханти – bulgarsk" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ханти" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%83%D1%83%D0%B4" title="Хантууд – burjatisk" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Хантууд" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="burjatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khantis" title="Khantis – katalansk" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Khantis" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chantov%C3%A9" title="Chantové – tsjekkisk" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Chantové" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tsjekkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chanten" title="Chanten – tysk" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Chanten" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handid" title="Handid – estisk" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Handid" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CE%AC%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B9" title="Χάντι – gresk" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Χάντι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="gresk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khanty" title="Khanty – engelsk" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Khanty" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%82" title="Хантт – erzia" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Хантт" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erzia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pueblo_janti" title="Pueblo janti – spansk" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pueblo janti" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%A4antoj" title="Ĥantoj – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ĥantoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khanti" title="Khanti – baskisk" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Khanti" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7" title="خانتیها – persisk" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="خانتیها" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khantys" title="Khantys – fransk" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Khantys" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%95%9C%ED%8B%B0%EC%9D%B8" title="한티인 – koreansk" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="한티인" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BD%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%BF%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Խանտեր – armensk" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Խանտեր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ostjaci" title="Ostjaci – kroatisk" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ostjaci" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suku_Khanty" title="Suku Khanty – indonesisk" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Suku Khanty" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ostiachi" title="Ostiachi – italiensk" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ostiachi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AE%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ხანტები – georgisk" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ხანტები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Ханттар – kasakhisk" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ханттар" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kasakhisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%A6%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8F%D0%BA%D1%8A%D1%8F%D1%81" title="Ӧстякъяс – komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Ӧстякъяс" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Хантылар – kirgisisk" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Хантылар" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Ханти – lakisk" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Ханти" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="lakisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanti" title="Hanti – latvisk" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Hanti" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latvisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chantai" title="Chantai – litauisk" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Chantai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hantik" title="Hantik – ungarsk" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Hantik" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Ханти – makedonsk" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Ханти" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AE%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98" title="ხანტეფი – mingrelsk" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ხანტეფი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%A8_%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%89" title="شعب خانتى – egyptisk arabisk" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="شعب خانتى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="egyptisk arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chanten" title="Chanten – nederlandsk" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Chanten" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8F%E3%83%B3%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E4%BA%BA" title="ハンティ人 – japansk" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ハンティ人" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xantilar" title="Xantilar – usbekisk" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Xantilar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbekisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chantowie" title="Chantowie – polsk" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Chantowie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Povo_Khanty" title="Povo Khanty – portugisisk" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Povo Khanty" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Ханты – russisk" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ханты" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khanty" title="Khanty – enkel engelsk" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Khanty" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="enkel engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanti" title="Hanti – slovensk" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Hanti" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Ханти – serbisk" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ханти" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanti" title="Hanti – serbokroatisk" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Hanti" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hantit" title="Hantit – finsk" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Hantit" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Хантлар – tatarisk" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Хантлар" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hant%C4%B1lar" title="Hantılar – tyrkisk" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hantılar" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tyrkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Ханти – ukrainsk" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ханти" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D9%82%D9%88%D9%85" title="خانتی قوم – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="خانتی قوم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di_Khanty" title="Người Khanty – vietnamesisk" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Người Khanty" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E7%89%B9%E4%BA%BA" title="汉特人 – kinesisk" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="汉特人" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Fra Wikipedia, den frie encyklopedi</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nb" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r24553676">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 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.mbox-text-span{margin-left:23px!important}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}</style><table class="plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Acap.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Acap.svg/40px-Acap.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Acap.svg/60px-Acap.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Acap.svg/80px-Acap.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="50" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Rettskrivning" title="Wikipedia:Rettskrivning">Språkvask</a>:</b> Teksten i denne artikkelen kan ha behov for språkvask for å oppnå en høyere standard. Om du leser gjennom og korrigerer der nødvendig, kan du gjerne deretter fjerne denne malen.</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Khanty_women_in_Man_Uskve.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Khanty_women_in_Man_Uskve.jpg/250px-Khanty_women_in_Man_Uskve.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Khanty_women_in_Man_Uskve.jpg/375px-Khanty_women_in_Man_Uskve.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Khanty_women_in_Man_Uskve.jpg/500px-Khanty_women_in_Man_Uskve.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Khanty_family.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Khanty_family.jpg/250px-Khanty_family.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Khanty_family.jpg/375px-Khanty_family.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Khanty_family.jpg/500px-Khanty_family.jpg 2x" data-file-width="621" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Khantier</b> (tidligere kalt <b>ostjaker</b>, etter tatarisk <i>usjtak</i> og tungusisk <i>ostäket</i>) er et <a href="/wiki/Ugriske_spr%C3%A5k" title="Ugriske språk">ugrisktalende</a> folkeslag fortrinnsvis boende ved <a href="/wiki/Ob" title="Ob">Ob</a> i <a href="/wiki/Sibir" title="Sibir">Sibir</a> i <a href="/wiki/Russland" title="Russland">Russland</a>. De talte omkring 29 000 personer ved den russiske folketelling i 2002. Ifølge <a href="/wiki/Ethnologue" title="Ethnologue">Ethnologue</a> har 9.600<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Khanti_(spr%C3%A5k)" title="Khanti (språk)">khanti</a> som morsmål; de resterende taler <a href="/wiki/Russisk" title="Russisk">russisk</a>. </p><p>De fleste khantier bor i <a href="/wiki/Tjumen_oblast" title="Tjumen oblast">Tjumen oblast</a> (knapt 27.000 personer), fortrinnsvis i oblastens to autonome okruger <a href="/wiki/Khanty-Mansia" title="Khanty-Mansia">Khanty-Mansia</a>, hvor khanti har status som offisielt språk sammen med russisk og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mansier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mansier (ikke skrevet ennå)">mansienes</a> språk <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mansi_(spr%C3%A5k)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mansi (språk) (ikke skrevet ennå)">mansi</a>, samt i <a href="/wiki/Jamalo-Nenetsk" title="Jamalo-Nenetsk">Jamalo-Nenetsk</a>. Mindre grupper lever dessuren i det tilgrensende <a href="/wiki/Tomsk_oblast" title="Tomsk oblast">Tomsk oblast</a> og i <a href="/wiki/Komi_(republikk)" class="mw-redirect" title="Komi (republikk)">Republikken Komi</a>. </p><p>Deres kulturelle eksistens er utfordret av oljevirksomheten i deres områder. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historie">Historie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khantier&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Rediger avsnitt: Historie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khantier&action=edit&section=1" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Historie"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Først bodde khantiene vest for Ural, og russerne kalte dem da <b>jugrer</b>. Jugrene omtales i <i><a href="/wiki/Nestorkr%C3%B8niken" title="Nestorkrøniken">Nestorkrøniken</a></i> <a href="/wiki/1092" title="1092">1092</a>. Med benevnelsen mentes khantiene og mansienes forfedre. Jugrerne omtales i historiske kilder frem til <a href="/wiki/1700-tallet" class="mw-redirect" title="1700-tallet">1700-tallet</a>. I en kilde fra <a href="/wiki/1265" title="1265">1265</a> omtales landet Jugra som skattepliktig under <a href="/wiki/Republikken_Novgorod" title="Republikken Novgorod">Republikken Novgorod</a>. På <a href="/wiki/1500-tallet" class="mw-redirect" title="1500-tallet">1500-tallet</a> begynte man å skjelne mellom khantier og mansier. </p><p>Til tross for sin noe perifere beliggenhet kom khantienes bosettelseområde nokså tidlig å bli gjenstand for en maktutvidelse for to i datiden fremstående makter. Fra syd kom <a href="/wiki/Tatarer" title="Tatarer">tatarene</a> som erobrere. Deres khanat nådde høydepunktet av makt på 1300-1500-tallet, da de krevde skatter, men i øvrig lot den khantiske slektsbaserte samfunnsordning bestå. <a href="/wiki/Khan" title="Khan">Khanen</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kutsjum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kutsjum (ikke skrevet ennå)">Kutsjum</a>, som i <a href="/wiki/1563" title="1563">1563</a> hadde utropt seg til <i>Sibirs keiser</i>, hersket over størstedelen av khantienes land. </p><p>Fra vest kom slaverne. Allerede i <a href="/wiki/1364" title="1364">1364</a> gjorde den russiske hær for første gang et erobringstokt inn i khantienes land, men et mere alvorlig innfall skjedde i <a href="/wiki/1483" title="1483">1483</a>, da flere av stammehøvdingene ble bortført som gisler. <a href="/wiki/Ivan_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Ivan III">Ivan III</a> gikk med på å frigi gislene mot at alle høvdinger i Jugra anerkjente <a href="/wiki/Moskva" title="Moskva">Moskvas</a> overhøyhet og at man i fremtiden skulle betale skatt til Moskva. Tydeligvis ble Ivan ikke tilfreds med resultatet, for i <a href="/wiki/1499" title="1499">1499</a> foretok han et nytt krigstog. For en tid fremover bestod tatarenes overmakt ved siden av russernes, men i <a href="/wiki/1582" title="1582">1582</a> erobret russerne khanatets hovedstad <a href="/wiki/Qashliq" title="Qashliq">Sibir</a> (Qashliq), og deretter skedde en fortsatt spredning av russernes maktområde østover inntil det nådde en foreløpig avslutning mot slutten av 1500-tallet. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Ostjaken_vom_Ob_Ende_19tes_Jhdt.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Ostjaken_vom_Ob_Ende_19tes_Jhdt.jpg/250px-Ostjaken_vom_Ob_Ende_19tes_Jhdt.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Ostjaken_vom_Ob_Ende_19tes_Jhdt.jpg/375px-Ostjaken_vom_Ob_Ende_19tes_Jhdt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Ostjaken_vom_Ob_Ende_19tes_Jhdt.jpg/500px-Ostjaken_vom_Ob_Ende_19tes_Jhdt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="541" /></a><figcaption>Ostjaker ved Ob, 1800-tallet</figcaption></figure> <p>I forbindelse med den russiske ekspansjon opprettet de byene <a href="/wiki/Tjumen" title="Tjumen">Tjumen</a> <a href="/wiki/1585" title="1585">1585</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tobolsk" title="Tobolsk">Tobolsk</a> <a href="/wiki/1587" title="1587">1587</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Berjozovo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Berjozovo (ikke skrevet ennå)">Berjozov</a> <a href="/wiki/1593" title="1593">1593</a> samt <a href="/wiki/Surgut" title="Surgut">Surgut</a> og <a href="/wiki/Obdorsk" class="mw-redirect" title="Obdorsk">Obdorsk</a> <a href="/wiki/1595" title="1595">1595</a>. </p><p>Samtidig som mansiene ytet hard motstand mot russerne, valgte khantienes stammehøvdinger for det meste frivillig å underkaste seg den nye makthaver, tydeligvis i håp om lettelser i levevilkårene etter at de var sluppet fri fra det tatarske åk. Stammehøvdingene fikk til oppgave å sikre innkasseringen av skattene. Fra tid til annen utbrøt det opprør mot russerne: i Berjozov 1595, i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Naromi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Naromi (ikke skrevet ennå)">Naromi</a> <a href="/wiki/1598" title="1598">1598</a> og omkring det nedre løp av Ob <a href="/wiki/1606" title="1606">1606</a>. Foruten kampene mot russere og tatarer forekom i områdets nordlige deler mindre sammenstøt med <a href="/wiki/Nenets" class="mw-redirect" title="Nenets">jurakerne</a> helt frem til slutten av <a href="/wiki/1600-tallet" class="mw-redirect" title="1600-tallet">1600-tallet</a>. </p><p>Kristningen av khantiene begynte relativt sent, nemlig i begynnelsen av <a href="/wiki/1700-tallet" class="mw-redirect" title="1700-tallet">1700-tallet</a> på <a href="/wiki/Peter_den_store" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter den store">Peter den stores</a> tid. Den første kirke ble imidlertid bygd i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kondiskoj&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kondiskoj (ikke skrevet ennå)">Kondiskoj</a> allerede i 1602. Biskop Filofej, den tidligere munk Feodor, regnes som khantienes apostel. Men khantiene holdt fast ved sin gamle religion frem til begynnelsen av <a href="/wiki/1900-tallet" class="mw-redirect" title="1900-tallet">1900-tallet</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Khanty_beauty.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Khanty_beauty.jpg/250px-Khanty_beauty.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="361" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Khanty_beauty.jpg/375px-Khanty_beauty.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Khanty_beauty.jpg/500px-Khanty_beauty.jpg 2x" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="1228" /></a><figcaption>Khantipiker i tradisjonelle drakter</figcaption></figure> <p>Russifiseringen, som skjedde parallelt med kristningen, forhindret khantiene i å utvikle en nasjonal bevissthet. Deres sosiale og økonomiske avhengighet av kolonistene hadde også en lammende innflytelse. </p><p>I sovjettiden, i 1930, ble det opprettet et såkalt nasjonalt område (opprinnelig kalt <i>Ostjak-Vogul autonome nasjonale okrug</i>, fra 1940 <i>Khanty-Mansij nasjonale okrug</i><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) på 523.100 km<sup>2</sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> felles for khantier og mansier for å sikre deres språk og kultur. Reelt ble dette formål undergravet av en vedvarende tilflytning fortrinnsvis av russere. Tallmessig vokste khantiene, men som andel av områdets befolkning gikk de voldsomt tilbake. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kultur">Kultur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khantier&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Rediger avsnitt: Kultur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khantier&action=edit&section=2" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Kultur"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Khantiene har bevart episke dikt som handler om tidligere tiders helter og deres bedrifter, og en rik sang- og sagaskatt er likeså konstatert hos dem. Khantiene har dessuten bevart sin <a href="/wiki/Sjamanisme" title="Sjamanisme">sjamanistiske</a> religion og <a href="/wiki/Forfedredyrkelse" class="mw-redirect" title="Forfedredyrkelse">forfedredyrkelse</a>, som er intimt forbundet med folkediktningen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referanser">Referanser</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khantier&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Rediger avsnitt: Referanser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khantier&action=edit&section=3" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Referanser"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ethnologue.com/language/kca">Khanty</a> på <i><a href="/wiki/Ethnologue" title="Ethnologue">Ethnologue</a></i> (17. utg., 2013), hentet 1. juli 2014</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Kolga et al, s. 222</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Kolga et al., s. 220</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Litteratur">Litteratur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khantier&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Rediger avsnitt: Litteratur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khantier&action=edit&section=4" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Litteratur"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Margus Kolga, Igor Tõnurist, Lembit Vaba, Jüri Vilkberg: <i>Vene impeeriumi rahvaste punane raamat</i>; Tallinn 1993</li> <li>Valev Uibopuu: <i>Finnougrierna och deras språk</i>; Studentlitteratur, Lund 1988; <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/9144254113" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 91-44-25411-3</a> }</li> <li><i>Facta</i>, 4 (1969)</li> <li><i>Facta</i>, 6 (1970)</li> <li><i>Facta</i>, 7 (1970)</li> <li><i>Svensk uppslagsbok</i>, 20 (1934)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eksterne_lenker">Eksterne lenker</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khantier&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Rediger avsnitt: Eksterne lenker" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khantier&action=edit&section=5" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Eksterne lenker"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="bjeller languageicon" style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d);cursor:help;" title="engelsk">(en)</span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Khanty" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Khanty">Khanty</a> – kategori av bilder, video eller lyd på <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Commons</a> <span class="noprint plainlinks wikidata-linkback wd_p373"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q476030?uselang=nb#P373" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070930155350/http://www.nupi.no/cgi-win/Russland/etnisk_b.exe?Khant">Centre for Russian Studies</a> — Norwegian studies of Russian peoples</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.raipon.org/Web_Database/khant.html">Khants</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041206180447/http://www.raipon.org/Web_Database/khant.html">Arkivert</a> 6. desember 2004 hos <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. — Some pictures of Khants' bird and fishery traps</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eki.ee/books/redbook/khants.shtml">Redbook: The Khants</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.survivalinternational.org/tribes/khanty">Survival International</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.suri.ee/eup/khants.html">Endangered Uralic Peoples: Khants or Ostyaks</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eki.ee/books/redbook/khants.shtml">The Peoples of the Red Book: The Khants</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biomedcentral.com/content/pdf/1471-2156-10-62.pdf">Olga V Flegontova, Andrey V Khrunin, Olga I Lylova, Larisa A Tarskaia, Victor A Spitsyn, Alexey I Mikulich and Svetlana A Limborska: "Haplotype frequencies at the DRD2 locus in populations of the East European Plain" (<i>BMC Genetics</i> 2009, 10:62)</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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