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<div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Objevy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Objevy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ocenění" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ocenění"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Ocenění</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ocenění-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Odkazy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Odkazy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Odkazy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Odkazy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Přepnout podsekci Odkazy</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Odkazy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Reference" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reference"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Reference</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reference-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literatura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literatura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Literatura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literatura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Externí_odkazy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Externí_odkazy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Externí odkazy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Externí_odkazy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Obsah" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Přepnout obsah" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Přepnout obsah</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Williamina Flemingová</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Přejděte k článku v jiném jazyce. Je dostupný v 40 jazycích" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-40" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">40 jazyků</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7_%D9%81%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%86%D8%BA" title="ويليمينا فليمنغ – arabština" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ويليمينا فليمنغ" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Williamina_Fleming" title="Williamina Fleming – asturština" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Williamina Fleming" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7_%D9%81%D9%84%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%82" title="ویلیامینا فلمینق – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ویلیامینا فلمینق" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A4%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Уилямина Флеминг – bulharština" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Уилямина Флеминг" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulharština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%82" title="উইলিয়ামিনা ফ্লেমিং – bengálština" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="উইলিয়ামিনা ফ্লেমিং" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengálština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Williamina_Fleming" title="Williamina Fleming – katalánština" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Williamina Fleming" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Williamina_Fleming" title="Williamina Fleming – němčina" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Williamina Fleming" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="němčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B9%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B1_%CE%A6%CE%BB%CE%AD%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%B3%CE%BA" title="Γουιλιαμίνα Φλέμινγκ – řečtina" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γουιλιαμίνα Φλέμινγκ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="řečtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Williamina_Fleming" title="Williamina Fleming – angličtina" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Williamina Fleming" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angličtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Williamina_Fleming" title="Williamina Fleming – španělština" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Williamina Fleming" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="španělština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Williamina_Fleming" title="Williamina Fleming – baskičtina" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Williamina Fleming" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskičtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7_%D9%81%D9%84%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF" title="ویلیامینا فلمینگ – perština" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ویلیامینا فلمینگ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="doporučený článek"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Williamina_Fleming" title="Williamina Fleming – finština" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Williamina Fleming" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Williamina_Fleming" title="Williamina Fleming – francouzština" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Williamina Fleming" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francouzština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Williamina_Fleming" title="Williamina Fleming – skotská gaelština" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Williamina Fleming" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="skotská gaelština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Williamina_Fleming" title="Williamina Fleming – galicijština" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Williamina Fleming" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicijština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Williamina_Fleming" title="Williamina Fleming – hauština" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Williamina Fleming" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hauština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%94_%D7%A4%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%92" title="וילמינה פלמינג – hebrejština" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="וילמינה פלמינג" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrejština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Williamina_Fleming" title="Williamina Fleming – chorvatština" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Williamina Fleming" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="chorvatština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Williamina_Fleming" title="Williamina Fleming – maďarština" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Williamina Fleming" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="maďarština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%AB%D5%AC%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A1_%D5%96%D5%AC%D5%A5%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A3" title="Վիլյամինա Ֆլեմինգ – arménština" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Վիլյամինա Ֆլեմինգ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Williamina_Fleming" title="Williamina Fleming – italština" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Williamina Fleming" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A3%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2%E3%83%9F%E3%83%BC%E3%83%8A%E3%83%BB%E3%83%95%E3%83%AC%E3%83%9F%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0" title="ウィリアミーナ・フレミング – japonština" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ウィリアミーナ・フレミング" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90_%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%98" title="ვილიამინა ფლემინგი – gruzínština" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ვილიამინა ფლემინგი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruzínština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9C%8C%EB%A6%AC%EC%96%B4%EB%AF%B8%EB%82%98_%ED%94%8C%EB%A0%88%EB%B0%8D" title="윌리어미나 플레밍 – korejština" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="윌리어미나 플레밍" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korejština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Williamina_Fleming" title="Williamina Fleming – lucemburština" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Williamina Fleming" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="lucemburština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A8_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D" title="വില്യമീന സ്റ്റീവൻസ് ഫ്ലെമിങ് – malajálamština" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വില്യമീന സ്റ്റീവൻസ് ഫ്ലെമിങ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajálamština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Williamina_Fleming" title="Williamina Fleming – nizozemština" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Williamina Fleming" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nizozemština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Williamina_Fleming" title="Williamina Fleming – norština (bokmål)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Williamina Fleming" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norština (bokmål)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Williamina_Fleming" title="Williamina Fleming – polština" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Williamina Fleming" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Williamina_Fleming" title="Williamina Fleming – portugalština" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Williamina Fleming" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3,_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Флеминг, Вильямина – ruština" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Флеминг, Вильямина" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Williamina_Fleming" title="Williamina Fleming – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Williamina Fleming" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Williamina_Fleming" title="Williamina Fleming – švédština" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Williamina Fleming" 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">skrýt</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Z Wikipedie, otevřené encyklopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="cs" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox biography vcard" style="width:22em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="fn" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold">Williamina Flemingová</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Soubor:Williamina_Paton_Stevens_Fleming_circa_1890s.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Williamina_Paton_Stevens_Fleming_circa_1890s.jpg/225px-Williamina_Paton_Stevens_Fleming_circa_1890s.jpg" decoding="async" width="225" height="291" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Williamina_Paton_Stevens_Fleming_circa_1890s.jpg/338px-Williamina_Paton_Stevens_Fleming_circa_1890s.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Williamina_Paton_Stevens_Fleming_circa_1890s.jpg/450px-Williamina_Paton_Stevens_Fleming_circa_1890s.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1463" data-file-height="1894" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left">Narození</th><td><span class="wd"><a href="/wiki/15._kv%C4%9Bten" title="15. květen">15. května</a> <a href="/wiki/1857" title="1857">1857</a></span><br /><span class="wd"><a href="/wiki/Dundee" title="Dundee">Dundee</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left">Úmrtí</th><td><span class="wd"><a href="/wiki/21._kv%C4%9Bten" title="21. květen">21. května</a> <a href="/wiki/1911" title="1911">1911</a> (ve věku 54 let)</span><br /><span class="wd"><a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left">Pracoviště</th><td><span class="wd"><a href="/wiki/Observato%C5%99_Harvardovy_univerzity" title="Observatoř Harvardovy univerzity">Observatoř Harvardovy univerzity</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left">Obor</th><td><span class="wd"><a href="/wiki/Astronomie" title="Astronomie">astronomie</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left">Podpis</th><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Soubor:Signature_of_Williamina_Paton_Stevens_Fleming_(1857%E2%80%931911).png" class="mw-file-description" title="Williamina Flemingová – podpis"><img alt="Williamina Flemingová – podpis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Signature_of_Williamina_Paton_Stevens_Fleming_%281857%E2%80%931911%29.png/150px-Signature_of_Williamina_Paton_Stevens_Fleming_%281857%E2%80%931911%29.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/12/Signature_of_Williamina_Paton_Stevens_Fleming_%281857%E2%80%931911%29.png 1.5x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="54" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-style: italic;"><div style="font-size:smaller; font-style:normal">Některá data mohou pocházet z <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q284180" class="extiw" title="d:Q284180">datové položky</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Williamina Flemingová,</b> celým jménem a v <a href="/wiki/P%C5%99echylov%C3%A1n%C3%AD" title="Přechylování">nepřechýlené</a> podobě <b>Williamina Paton Stevens Fleming</b> (<a href="/wiki/15._kv%C4%9Bten" title="15. květen">15. května</a> <a href="/wiki/1857" title="1857">1857</a> – <a href="/wiki/21._kv%C4%9Bten" title="21. květen">21. května</a> <a href="/wiki/1911" title="1911">1911</a>), byla <a href="/wiki/Skotsko" title="Skotsko">skotská</a> <a href="/wiki/Astronom" title="Astronom">astronomka</a> působící ve <a href="/wiki/Spojen%C3%A9_st%C3%A1ty_americk%C3%A9" title="Spojené státy americké">Spojených státech</a>. Během své kariéry pomohla vyvinout společný systém označení hvězd a katalogizovat tisíce <a href="/wiki/Hv%C4%9Bzda" title="Hvězda">hvězd</a>. Známá je mimo jiné svým objevem <a href="/wiki/Mlhovina_Ko%C5%88sk%C3%A1_hlava" title="Mlhovina Koňská hlava">mlhoviny Koňská hlava</a> v roce <a href="/wiki/1888" title="1888">1888</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Život"><span id=".C5.BDivot"></span>Život</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Williamina_Flemingov%C3%A1&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Editace sekce: Život" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Williamina_Flemingov%C3%A1&action=edit&section=1" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Život"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Soubor:Astronomer_Edward_Charles_Pickering%27s_Harvard_computers.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Astronomer_Edward_Charles_Pickering%27s_Harvard_computers.jpg/220px-Astronomer_Edward_Charles_Pickering%27s_Harvard_computers.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Astronomer_Edward_Charles_Pickering%27s_Harvard_computers.jpg/330px-Astronomer_Edward_Charles_Pickering%27s_Harvard_computers.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Astronomer_Edward_Charles_Pickering%27s_Harvard_computers.jpg/440px-Astronomer_Edward_Charles_Pickering%27s_Harvard_computers.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1502" /></a><figcaption>Počtářky ze skupiny Harvard Computers. Kromě Flemingové k ní patřily například <a href="/wiki/Henrietta_Swan_Leavittov%C3%A1" title="Henrietta Swan Leavittová">Henrietta Swan Leavittová</a>, <a href="/wiki/Annie_Jump_Cannonov%C3%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="Annie Jump Cannonová">Annie Jump Cannonová</a> a <a href="/wiki/Antonia_Mauryov%C3%A1" title="Antonia Mauryová">Antonia Mauryová</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Williamina Paton Stevens se narodila ve skotském <a href="/wiki/Dundee" title="Dundee">Dundee</a> 15. května 1857 Mary Walkerové a Robertu Stevensovi, řezbáři a zlatníkovi.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tam se také v roce 1877 provdala za Jamese Orra Fleminga, účetního a vdovce, rovněž z Dundee. Krátce pracovala jako učitelka než pár v jejích 21 letech emigroval do <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Bostonu</a> ve státě <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a> v USA.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pár měl jednoho syna, Edwarda P. Fleminga.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Poté, co ji a syna manžel opustil, pracovala jako služebná v domě profesora <a href="/wiki/Edward_Charles_Pickering" title="Edward Charles Pickering">Edwarda Charlese Pickeringa</a>, který byl ředitelem <a href="/wiki/Observato%C5%99_Harvardovy_univerzity" title="Observatoř Harvardovy univerzity">observatoře Harvardovy univerzity</a> (anglicky Harvard College Observatory). Na doporučení své manželky v roce 1879 Pickering Flemingovou najal, aby v observatoři na částečný úvazek vykonávala administrativní práce.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> V roce 1881 ji Pickering vyzval, aby se formálně připojila k HCO, a naučil ji, jak analyzovat hvězdná spektra. Stala se jednou ze zakládajících členek Harvard Computers, výhradně ženské skupiny počtářek najatých Pickeringem.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Později vyvinula systém pro klasifikaci hvězd podle relativního množství <a href="/wiki/Vod%C3%ADk" title="Vodík">vodíku</a> pozorovaného v jejich <a href="/wiki/Elektromagnetick%C3%A9_spektrum" title="Elektromagnetické spektrum">spektrech</a>, známý jako systém Pickering-Fleming.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hvězdy vykazující vodík jako nejhojnější prvek byly klasifikovány jako A; hvězdy s vodíkem jako druhým nejhojnějším prvkem B atd. </p><p>Jako výsledek práce týmu počtářek vydala HCO v roce 1890 první <a href="/wiki/Henry_Draper_Catalogue" title="Henry Draper Catalogue">Henry Draper Catalogue</a>, katalog s více než 10 000 hvězdami klasifikovanými podle jejich spektra. Většinu těchto klasifikací provedla Flemingová.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>V roce 1898 byla, jako první žena v této funkci, jmenována kurátorkou astronomických fotografií na Harvardu.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Zemřela na zápal plic v Bostonu dne 21. května 1911.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Objevy">Objevy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Williamina_Flemingov%C3%A1&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Editace sekce: Objevy" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Williamina_Flemingov%C3%A1&action=edit&section=2" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Objevy"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Soubor:Delegates_to_the_Fourth_Conference_International_Union_for_Cooperation_in_Solar_Research_at_Mount_Wilson_Observatory.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Delegates_to_the_Fourth_Conference_International_Union_for_Cooperation_in_Solar_Research_at_Mount_Wilson_Observatory.jpg/220px-Delegates_to_the_Fourth_Conference_International_Union_for_Cooperation_in_Solar_Research_at_Mount_Wilson_Observatory.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Delegates_to_the_Fourth_Conference_International_Union_for_Cooperation_in_Solar_Research_at_Mount_Wilson_Observatory.jpg/330px-Delegates_to_the_Fourth_Conference_International_Union_for_Cooperation_in_Solar_Research_at_Mount_Wilson_Observatory.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Delegates_to_the_Fourth_Conference_International_Union_for_Cooperation_in_Solar_Research_at_Mount_Wilson_Observatory.jpg/440px-Delegates_to_the_Fourth_Conference_International_Union_for_Cooperation_in_Solar_Research_at_Mount_Wilson_Observatory.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6619" data-file-height="2398" /></a><figcaption>Williamina Flemingová na astronomické konferenci v roce 1910</figcaption></figure> <p>Během své kariéry Flemingová objevila celkem 59 plynných <a href="/wiki/Mlhovina" title="Mlhovina">mlhovin</a>, více než 310 <a href="/wiki/Prom%C4%9Bnn%C3%A1_hv%C4%9Bzda" title="Proměnná hvězda">proměnných hvězd</a> a 10 <a href="/wiki/Nova" title="Nova">nov</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Jejím nejvýznamnějším objevem bylo, když v roce 1888 zjistila na <a href="/wiki/Fotogrammetrie" title="Fotogrammetrie">fotogrammetrické</a> desce vyvořené astronomem <a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Pickering" title="William Henry Pickering">Williamem H. Pickeringem</a>, bratrem E. C. Pickeringa, mlhovinu Koňská hlava. Popsala jasnou mlhovinu, která má „5 minut v průměru 30 minut jižně od <a href="/wiki/Alnitak" title="Alnitak">Zeta Orionis</a>“. Následující odborné publikace opomněly Flemingové objev připsat. První Dreyer Index Calague vynechal její jméno ze seznamu přispěvatelů. V době, kdy byl v roce 1908 vydán druhý Dreyer Index Catalogue, však již byly Flemingová a její kolegyně z HCO dostatečně známé a za své objevy získaly odpovídající ocenění. </p><p>Flemingové je také připisován objev prvního <a href="/wiki/B%C3%ADl%C3%BD_trpasl%C3%ADk" title="Bílý trpaslík">bílého trpaslíka</a>. Svůj objev bílých trpaslíků publikovala v roce 1910. </p><p>Další významné publikace zahrnují <i>Photographic Study of Variable Stars</i> (1907), seznam 222 proměnných hvězd, které objevila; a <i>Spectra and Photographic Magnitudes of Stars in Standard Regions</i> (1911). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ocenění"><span id="Ocen.C4.9Bn.C3.AD"></span>Ocenění</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Williamina_Flemingov%C3%A1&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Editace sekce: Ocenění" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Williamina_Flemingov%C3%A1&action=edit&section=3" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Ocenění"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Členka americké astronomické a astrofyzikální společnosti a francouzské astronomické společnosti</li> <li>V roce 1906 se jako první Američanka stala čestnou členkou <a href="/wiki/Kr%C3%A1lovsk%C3%A1_astronomick%C3%A1_spole%C4%8Dnost" title="Královská astronomická společnost">Královské astronomické společnosti</a> v <a href="/wiki/Lond%C3%BDn" title="Londýn">Londýně</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%9Bs%C3%ADc" title="Měsíc">Měsíční</a> <a href="/wiki/Kr%C3%A1ter" title="Kráter">kráter</a> Fleming byl pojmenován po ní a nikoliv po (blízce příbuzném) <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Fleming" title="Alexander Fleming">Alexandru Flemingovi</a>, objeviteli penicilinu.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Odkazy">Odkazy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Williamina_Flemingov%C3%A1&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Editace sekce: Odkazy" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Williamina_Flemingov%C3%A1&action=edit&section=4" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Odkazy"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reference">Reference</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Williamina_Flemingov%C3%A1&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Editace sekce: Reference" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Williamina_Flemingov%C3%A1&action=edit&section=5" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Reference"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="plainlinks"><i>V tomto článku byl použit <a href="/wiki/Wikipedie:WikiProjekt_P%C5%99eklad/Rady" title="Wikipedie:WikiProjekt Překlad/Rady">překlad</a> textu z článku <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Williamina_Fleming?oldid=1001704909"><span class="cizojazycne" lang="en" title="angličtina">Williamina Fleming</span></a> na anglické Wikipedii.</i></span> </p> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">b</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-2"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">c</sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal;">CANNON, Annie J. Williamina Paton Fleming. <i>Science</i>. 1911-06, roč. 33, čís. 861, s. 987–988. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1911Sci....33..987C/abstract">Dostupné online</a> [cit. 2021-03-20]. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldcat.org/issn/0036-8075">0036-8075</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">DOI</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.33.861.987">10.1126/science.33.861.987</a>. (anglicky)</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceperiodika&rft.jtitle=Science&rft_id=info:doi/10.1126%2Fscience.33.861.987&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fui.adsabs.harvard.edu%2Fabs%2F1911Sci....33..987C%2Fabstract&rft.atitle=Williamina+Paton+Fleming&rft.date=1911-06&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=861&rft.pages=987%E2%80%93988&rft.issn=0036-8075&rft.aulast=Cannon&rft.aufirst=Annie+J."><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal;">EWAN, Elizabeth; INNES, Sue; REYNOLDS, Sian. <i>The biographical dictionary of Scottish women: from the earliest times to 2004</i>. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://site.ebrary.com/id/10288221">Dostupné online</a>. <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Zdroje_knih/978-0-7486-2660-1" title="Speciální:Zdroje knih/978-0-7486-2660-1"><span class="ISBN">978-0-7486-2660-1</span></a></span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Zdroje_knih/978-1-282-08807-8" title="Speciální:Zdroje knih/978-1-282-08807-8"><span class="ISBN">978-1-282-08807-8</span></a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldcat.org/oclc/367680960">367680960</a> (anglicky) OCLC: 367680960.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitacemonografie&rft.btitle=The+biographical+dictionary+of+Scottish+women%3A+from+the+earliest+times+to+2004&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsite.ebrary.com%2Fid%2F10288221&rft.isbn=978-0-7486-2660-1&rft.aulast=Ewan&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft.au=Innes%2C+Sue&rft.au=Reynolds%2C+Sian&rft.place=Edinburgh&rft.pub=Edinburgh+University+Press"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-0"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-1"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">b</sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal;"> Open Collections Program: Women Working, Williamina Paton Stevens Fleming (1857–1911). <i>web.archive.org</i> [online]. 2018-04-02 [cit. 2021-03-20]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180402041723/http://ocp.hul.harvard.edu/ww/fleming.html">Dostupné v archivu</a> pořízeném z <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ocp.hul.harvard.edu/ww/fleming.html">originálu</a> dne 2018-04-02.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelperiodika&rft.jtitle=web.archive.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Focp.hul.harvard.edu%2Fww%2Ffleming.html&rft.atitle=Open+Collections+Program%3A+Women+Working%2C+Williamina+Paton+Stevens+Fleming+%281857%E2%80%931911%29&rft.date=2018-04-02"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal;">SOBEL, Dava. <i>The glass universe : how the ladies of the Harvard Observatory took the measure of the stars</i>. New York, New York: [s.n.] xii, 324 pages s. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/952469237">Dostupné online</a>. <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Zdroje_knih/978-0-670-01695-2" title="Speciální:Zdroje knih/978-0-670-01695-2"><span class="ISBN">978-0-670-01695-2</span></a></span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Zdroje_knih/0-670-01695-0" title="Speciální:Zdroje knih/0-670-01695-0"><span class="ISBN">0-670-01695-0</span></a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldcat.org/oclc/952469237">952469237</a></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitacemonografie&rft.btitle=The+glass+universe+%3A+how+the+ladies+of+the+Harvard+Observatory+took+the+measure+of+the+stars&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F952469237&rft.isbn=978-0-670-01695-2&rft.aulast=Sobel&rft.aufirst=Dava&rft.place=New+York%2C+New+York&rft.tpages=xii%2C+324+pages"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal;"> Williamina Paton Fleming -. <i>www.projectcontinua.org</i> [online]. [cit. 2021-03-20]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.projectcontinua.org/williamina-paton-fleming/">Dostupné online</a>. (anglicky)</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelperiodika&rft.jtitle=www.projectcontinua.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.projectcontinua.org%2Fwilliamina-paton-fleming%2F&rft.atitle=Williamina+Paton+Fleming+-"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_6-0"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_6-1"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">b</sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal;">SPOLEČNOST, Česká astronomická. Záhada kosmických rozstřikovačů objasněna. <i>ČAS</i> [online]. [cit. 2021-03-20]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.astro.cz/clanky/vzdaleny-vesmir/zahada-kosmickych-rozstrikovacu-objasnena.html">Dostupné online</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelperiodika&rft.jtitle=%C4%8CAS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.astro.cz%2Fclanky%2Fvzdaleny-vesmir%2Fzahada-kosmickych-rozstrikovacu-objasnena.html&rft.atitle=Z%C3%A1hada+kosmick%C3%BDch+rozst%C5%99ikova%C4%8D%C5%AF+objasn%C4%9Bna&rft.aulast=spole%C4%8Dnost&rft.aufirst=%C4%8Cesk%C3%A1+astronomick%C3%A1"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_7-0"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_7-1"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">b</sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal;"> Williamina Paton Stevens Fleming | American astronomer. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i> [online]. [cit. 2021-03-20]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Williamina-Paton-Stevens-Fleming">Dostupné online</a>. (anglicky)</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelperiodika&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FWilliamina-Paton-Stevens-Fleming&rft.atitle=Williamina+Paton+Stevens+Fleming+%7C+American+astronomer"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal;"> About the Collection. <i>platestacks.cfa.harvard.edu</i> [online]. [cit. 2021-03-20]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191207080617/https://platestacks.cfa.harvard.edu/about-collection">Dostupné v archivu</a> pořízeném z <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://platestacks.cfa.harvard.edu/about-collection">originálu</a> dne 2019-12-07. (anglicky)</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelperiodika&rft.jtitle=platestacks.cfa.harvard.edu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fplatestacks.cfa.harvard.edu%2Fabout-collection&rft.atitle=About+the+Collection"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literatura">Literatura</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Williamina_Flemingov%C3%A1&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Editace sekce: Literatura" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Williamina_Flemingov%C3%A1&action=edit&section=6" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Literatura"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Waldee, S. R.; Hazen, M. L. (November 1990). <i>The discovery of early photographs of the Horsehead nebula.</i> Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 102: 1337 <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1086%2F132771">10.1086/132771</a><span title="Chyba v použití šablony!" class="error" style="font-weight:bold;display:none;">Je zde použita šablona <code>{{<a href="/wiki/%C5%A0ablona:DOI" title="Šablona:DOI">DOI</a>}}</code> označená jako k „pouze dočasnému použití“.</span></li> <li>Cannon, Annie J. (November 1911). <i>Williamina Paton Fleming.</i> The Astrophysical Journal. 34: 314. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1086%2F141894">10.1086/141894</a><span title="Chyba v použití šablony!" class="error" style="font-weight:bold;display:none;">Je zde použita šablona <code>{{<a href="/wiki/%C5%A0ablona:DOI" title="Šablona:DOI">DOI</a>}}</code> označená jako k „pouze dočasnému použití“.</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://astrosociety.org/education-outreach/resource-guides/women-in-astronomy-an-introductory-resource-guide.html">Bibliography</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Pacifick%C3%A1_astronomick%C3%A1_spole%C4%8Dnost" title="Pacifická astronomická společnost">Astronomical Society of the Pacific</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.projectcontinua.org/williamina-paton-fleming/">Project Continua: Biography of Williamina Paton Fleming</a> Project Continua is a web-based multimedia resource dedicated to the creation and preservation of women's intellectual history from the earliest surviving evidence into the 21st Century.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Externí_odkazy"><span id="Extern.C3.AD_odkazy"></span>Externí odkazy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Williamina_Flemingov%C3%A1&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Editace sekce: Externí odkazy" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Williamina_Flemingov%C3%A1&action=edit&section=7" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Externí odkazy"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="sisterproject sisterproject-commons"><span class="sisterproject_image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a 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