CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHdpZHRoPSIzMiIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzMiIgZmlsbD0ibm9uZSI+PHBhdGggZmlsbD0iI0IyMEYwMyIgZD0iTTE2IDNhMTMgMTMgMCAxIDAgMTMgMTNBMTMuMDE1IDEzLjAxNSAwIDAgMCAxNiAzbTAgMjRhMTEgMTEgMCAxIDEgMTEtMTEgMTEuMDEgMTEuMDEgMCAwIDEtMTEgMTEiLz48cGF0aCBmaWxsPSIjQjIwRjAzIiBkPSJNMTcuMDM4IDE4LjYxNUgxNC44N0wxNC41NjMgOS41aDIuNzgzem0tMS4wODQgMS40MjdxLjY2IDAgMS4wNTcuMzg4LjQwNy4zODkuNDA3Ljk5NCAwIC41OTYtLjQwNy45ODQtLjM5Ny4zOS0xLjA1Ny4zODktLjY1IDAtMS4wNTYtLjM4OS0uMzk4LS4zODktLjM5OC0uOTg0IDAtLjU5Ny4zOTgtLjk4NS40MDYtLjM5NyAxLjA1Ni0uMzk3Ii8+PC9zdmc+);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9133ccc54d5fa996',cH: 'T_ZRfkLTXJsosgCxXj9r0Da_UkdzKSJX.DoAte10BFw-1739774572-1.2.1.1-wr0Iv6wh33japiWEkKJqGcBD64H_M3OCnUPgXSSLX8FR.VMYyintO0JIyKs._foW',cUPMDTk: "\/search?q=planning.&__cf_chl_tk=z2Ht5IVXqz5aqegUB._Zg2E.Nf8Zf2Apws8FSZYkHAI-1739774572-1.0.1.1-l7K4.yh9TZCwQf7jvtbI.hZx68SIXk.e_R70zJ5NapE",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739774572',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/search?q=planning.&__cf_chl_f_tk=z2Ht5IVXqz5aqegUB._Zg2E.Nf8Zf2Apws8FSZYkHAI-1739774572-1.0.1.1-l7K4.yh9TZCwQf7jvtbI.hZx68SIXk.e_R70zJ5NapE",md: "WXNfF7YckqxdeO3T4w7nSmWMVZ2quS9ipeBy6wP6FNU-1739774572-1.2.1.1-kOpQ8FW_xpMijZNN78pqHt25jA05DCU.HlKOtpOwyXM6kTEBJo9ZMidPmB8yqSa0RYatlYftBcUEj_3erdNxkqgfMrx0iV7dGEffGH9qNJtLvyn9wp8FAs1VkKvyf57G7ej11GXHfjMoBKKay7BQtshCcZc7NtVpHzOckf7nsZC6xIwDPUKPl7OkCBP90h1NpzrHdUYED15PE5Vz6OXos0InSGS.cteU0L11x8u9pIZ4neeafJOjm9vRgVhKZx8Su132L4w7xLf1bxEm0XkNLWjjAi1Yq60y2k0PLj4WR6cvjB7q.mj6Q.Z6d0j28AEyHIrZw3nzLzRqvEY62EnCazWcKiSlh7NXtwbhoJ5uYps7C_Xrejr3u4OFwiWxKP.62VsmDUnUwhFtdXccX1m.zDWmvWkubm9KJP8ZCj0ifBckyd4ImTjizX2y0L03ERcFG.s3aC5pQ1Ltehe8RaW2v6jiDQ.kOXgeCUuO10NB0CKb4NPZMv3cOVBUUgHSXOt7WHYf4GMrIVYYqRL3nUqW4BURcwID9KGWAHbrPLGT_YpEyrzyLMi2rC51IyT_CNJrWNzbuTZJSM7ZaJP3JdqixMn6rHMdSzMZXTpVq6whan_J7JAH4YUak3_pW0zqCyWDtZ25aUJ8PE40G2rdhDYMcBJvQ4443GWztfPY7pzqI.MVuTHILgeTVyhrqH8oCvFpwIGlQPdN0xXNZYr15UFrYxiVxZ6EBX2oVkBzJzcN7OaNfKVctM6pQSMJG03LS6sf6XMz4Y9vzT6_DmRR6E3IRgvJDLcG76vK6c9ZpBt.SRcwLPGmzI4fYCgb4EZVSC4gMTsb5Jm9GC6CNrz9kH4P0kMq9XMbaK8jISo0zW7JDfJErllr6oLu9PNYbLNbogvqK2R_JSCCYAVsnwGb7x52irX8OfSi0j7c_85wdn1ODQKYeHD.kAfAVOCdC55LtOurnK1sKymegQZ2HxOgdvoA6mJHiRIfHmto8Q9zC_2M0p9XRFu9DNTWsUvn6_ld8316FAx5Ovz8e4rBzsam9oOz80qYePBHmZP1ciKZL6L3KTvW0KsFYn2t55Rmy5B2CTZ4mCHLgRWuVPKPjKqEAoUEODpV03DXsnueJui4zSoHGlzNa48h0VkZplTsLyj_blB1fR2RXMxAkKZB_PlTMUsfrXN.D.07ukoVsC56U1oyn9jL2Le2OwKR8Q1XndHlbbDY8cG62M5_G5w6JQ5jMn5WHSbP0PltPmretxwNe7ZH9C4HdA8oTkuJpH6BL.9XV4NzWsTC6evhsQks5xT_CizRY8KxHlCGmm.RSDAqw1XzFWaTF16_pUbLkvb94UQriFidbkUfmgQhkHEUb0eWGV0WtIj3oLsgXzwerfbsDyBVl_OWAa5YhHx50yuAimljgfjnQVFOE3couZpTt9W8.RNRDMdUNooAYstFf7TdyzebJiW5X8r.odF3Gn4eq1u31SPxpr1g5O9N0UBgCoOse2pxpB9fJIj9RAXUkDNzaWg3dnowMT6VeKHFont06aH8_eJ7_GFqsxhZarmHFrPZDj1gaCzR15NUMCweGxvcxDjS.tcRPc9n309flhq9RqA9xFiPobv4qlA8LfU5lSBJ7heIPPMoHyrT2B6h1KrNLrDT0imhTURfNdttdnGp_BaKOwWPwkk57JgDPPDCl1XpPxmr_R2PUynzuIz3sVJxwtJSK3HR8CjJd3qbPZ8lgbWDwQx6cELm4d0GbclqVpzxqed7T6FbNn5hIAzvz9qSxP5.sSyZ3etxwOOnMKATjcZmakav5U7pJlLfXaCu.lIzsdFiOU.hO5CqbdOYQHPypmelZ74GUAzOrwt8sInSeK3Vcovd0XMPsNm.UG.WHv56tGagBCcUs66g3rwwzW0ZxXyZSVY.T1rqIi9FcSNuKefbzpWE",mdrd: "70MRS76Rf53bpjCRV6JBA97Rmns2eAFigDf_gF1r.MQ-1739774572-1.2.1.1-NAsQ9WvbCoVXbI_tTKBSYmjCnuzt9x8wibjDcM_fjaAEAhzgszOSnwSD3t3EY7ezvI1_dv_HOgXrqIEenrppNdzF45lH3KIiQwkLZ5Wsi_dxQyJH_cW2i3yBElPjKEXiQzo7IYWEkUTSbBXMVfvHXd1QVenO.kZqLI7zBMhQTUHjOx6HoGzyZAHmsTY8wHSuNBnS6FN0l5husnJzs6xZclftgsEewsPbk5afxAS0jS6WdJyzyWZYUy.hgnQjA_CrdFIIbhogFxdNLiRrO2T8OiDLzIGZteV3Deehrn1vtUZII4E3wprS6URow3Be2iJVKTQzeTIzWNq4wJs9H0E3cTnUvm4yQ5_jiHRW6kb1sLHYndbjRcQWPCDoIKH145WGP1w9i8f5sC55H9h9Rv8SB2iZKaICPBTgj6CuAcoAhNmvNnKmGl5igAE4eqiDIGBMBhiRWY6EUBnx8diNwnXNYxnVxrtrOxf09t0paZPAzn6U8On2KlBiUkWKQb67CbYPZYxnArf7x326ft1Q5DXmwUPbk.nlvdye1C5j096rmi_FH2xmzpNFatk3mLOE7sgmWFJyW5jwiPyJM8V5aIU_rqv.aRUiXhQPUGnO_25QxSH7.MGXAhTpOCyVTZLNT5an3qVYJT8AwV80a7Ii9Gw67U6weTrMUol4qBiMplbQOAxEgANtG3_i7y1HEQSDkbbZM9CcHvT1RMQeBEdmu.kWxEKiHqow5F.zHn.YSBBy_t48tLKQb4W4rvCDgxsv8haof4PAFsdwZ4WCbZFfsgzEbU.oEo2MNHTlHIhG_UqssH3fcCDTjCU9DMANXIoesNuqyua5Dvqra3yj9xfqLsq.q1Ensu5Y7LKG3G0TK4WE0RHlsFtw88AmSUrTJwRYhtuvApG4l1ILgsYEosHg70NZKkB6zuGswfOQXZBhSeFNqBdP1nszoXARRfxhUb76.9JvwS6Y9iFnNpwVsj0Dy0_tgW6IiyawX1CUrIjWtMn0L9xU63yOERshzrjDYCjfQ558Rpt819kkpmSG_qx8AMOO9ylODl5yp2jWZ.EZeAktf57PmZ_Y7EmrDxS67OPTXQBltdoicOaIPwPTpprqjVRc.H85jsAbJMVKVkD8wOQbb1Dba6544KAz5eWx7Gmfck6apWYE6nQeGMjUMOB.PHK7HvXnKIFcgx321ybMNvZwtifTyh28BANOpPEVJFQpseuNGzhkuzf67iE2SqQ_I.3RwXirq5mBTKI3dBdgEneQKLrNj4MnIU_XnnH7VNoWa63C26RpUF0mExuhRsUkgE9JYMiDu8iuA2NcRCfrTUWrfJBWwe5_ihP9qTXX_KIUbeoEdHMZ8jNqM.DG65WhvCrH30lSly6XbOUGktPhkxSiv0kna40hZ4MinFtruxb4xJIbflzrQcSFfQmK5TsFrHGOhMazuj32e664gN8orzhAcMgqDYBhkE6HvcQguTsos2E6DjLDAehKD.Bz0GfgLBAcLVeRm3vRvMoWWRxXaTG8KySDJnlLxHzo_q61l_3GzLBUE9.bLbER0aWe1JQfMJAqrBmlHWHPo.aQPRoIiKpUyRfKz2i5bELIKF43a3i04cI.zAZmxdlAnEVsuN6HsFQhwQkBwF1dBCqtlQ2Gq7CvBVZ0ILKXW2.SjNkovq6kRn.6w8DGY9LOB8dpgntbtsuGSrx.G3yATFhZd5w7VRlOtHTxnDvzs4VjJHqOcFOF7wG7i3P0mva0h7FkK00etCq8ylF8ISCw9obyIV8vK9uHZayS1uX1xxaB1gu9NkDupD7hAOr08vHSBf74G07eQfSJyDJ0TDr4._nvs9GzTICCVN3pDAJlA92NLJMcRHZTtL9F.n84yunbhz3w7quPv2u42Gc3u3NvWtDihg.uWBtOUv8DirVf27JhtKii42qCnu580vmQxm64wd4E92YDbU1D.CxPz71yqpvePF0i9ot6uczx.dCWKpIJxFfxygF50FgRWKLUfvzHhnTkz.XPvtWzcDiEB7QNU2KuiZmFOE85mEA"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9133ccc54d5fa996';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/search?q=planning.&__cf_chl_rt_tk=z2Ht5IVXqz5aqegUB._Zg2E.Nf8Zf2Apws8FSZYkHAI-1739774572-1.0.1.1-l7K4.yh9TZCwQf7jvtbI.hZx68SIXk.e_R70zJ5NapE" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>