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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span 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Available in 32 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-32" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">32 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1_%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%83%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%81" title="فيكتور فايسكوبف – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فيكتور فايسكوبف" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1_%D9%88%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B3%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%81" title="ویکتور وایسکاپف – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ویکتور وایسکاپف" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%96_%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%AA" title="ভিক্টর ফ্রেডরিখ উইসকপ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ভিক্টর ফ্রেডরিখ উইসকপ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%A4%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BA_%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%84" title="Віктар Фрэдэрык Вайскопф – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Віктар Фрэдэрык Вайскопф" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Weisskopf" title="Victor Weisskopf – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Victor Weisskopf" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Weisskopf" title="Victor Weisskopf – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Victor Weisskopf" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Weisskopf" title="Victor Weisskopf – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Victor Weisskopf" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Weisskopf" title="Victor Weisskopf – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Victor Weisskopf" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1_%D9%88%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B3%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%81" title="ویکتور وایسکاپف – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ویکتور وایسکاپف" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Weisskopf" title="Victor Weisskopf – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Victor Weisskopf" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B9%85%ED%86%A0%EC%96%B4_%EB%B0%94%EC%9D%B4%EC%8A%A4%EC%BD%94%ED%94%84" title="빅토어 바이스코프 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="빅토어 바이스코프" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Weisskopf" title="Victor Weisskopf – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Victor Weisskopf" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Weisskopf" title="Victor Weisskopf – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Victor Weisskopf" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A8_%D7%95%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%A3" title="ויקטור וייסקופף – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ויקטור וייסקופף" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Frederick_Weisskopf" title="Victor Frederick Weisskopf – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Victor Frederick Weisskopf" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%84" title="Виктор Вайскопф – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Виктор Вайскопф" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Frederick_Weisskopf" title="Victor Frederick Weisskopf – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Victor Frederick Weisskopf" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0_%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98" title="ვიქტორ ვაისკოპფი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ვიქტორ ვაისკოპფი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1_%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%83%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%81" title="فيكتور ويسكوبف – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فيكتور ويسكوبف" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Weisskopf" title="Victor Weisskopf – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Victor Weisskopf" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A3%E3%82%AF%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC%E3%83%BB%E3%83%AF%E3%82%A4%E3%82%B9%E3%82%B3%E3%83%95" title="ヴィクター・ワイスコフ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヴィクター・ワイスコフ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Weisskopf" title="Victor Weisskopf – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Victor Weisskopf" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Weisskopf" title="Victor Weisskopf – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Victor Weisskopf" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Weisskopf" title="Victor Weisskopf – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Victor Weisskopf" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Weisskopf" title="Victor Weisskopf – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Victor Weisskopf" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Weisskopf" title="Victor Weisskopf – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Victor Weisskopf" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%84,_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Вайскопф, Виктор Фредерик – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Вайскопф, Виктор Фредерик" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Weisskopf" title="Victor Weisskopf – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Victor Weisskopf" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Frederick_Weisskopf" title="Victor Frederick Weisskopf – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Victor Frederick Weisskopf" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Weisskopf" title="Victor Weisskopf – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Victor Weisskopf" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96%D0%BA_%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%84" title="Віктор Фредерік Вайскопф – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Віктор Фредерік Вайскопф" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%85%8B%E6%89%98%C2%B7%E9%AD%8F%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E5%A4%AB" title="维克托·魏斯科普夫 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="维克托·魏斯科普夫" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Victor_F._Weisskopf&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Victor F. Weisskopf">Victor F. Weisskopf</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American theoretical physicist (1908–2002)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Victor Weisskopf</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:VictorWeisskopft-LosAlamos.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/VictorWeisskopft-LosAlamos.jpg/220px-VictorWeisskopft-LosAlamos.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="273" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/VictorWeisskopft-LosAlamos.jpg/330px-VictorWeisskopft-LosAlamos.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b1/VictorWeisskopft-LosAlamos.jpg 2x" data-file-width="402" data-file-height="498" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Weisskopf in the 1940s</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1908-09-19</span>)</span>September 19, 1908<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austria-Hungary</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">April 22, 2002<span style="display:none">(2002-04-22)</span> (aged 93)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Newton,_Massachusetts" title="Newton, Massachusetts">Newton, Massachusetts</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_G%C3%B6ttingen" title="University of Göttingen">University of Göttingen</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Medal" title="Max Planck Medal">Max Planck Medal</a> (1956)<br /><a href="/wiki/Oersted_Medal" title="Oersted Medal">Oersted Medal</a> (1976)<br /><a href="/wiki/National_Medal_of_Science" title="National Medal of Science">National Medal of Science</a> (1980)<br /><a href="/wiki/Wolf_Prize" title="Wolf Prize">Wolf Prize</a> (1981)<br /><a href="/wiki/Enrico_Fermi_Award" title="Enrico Fermi Award">Enrico Fermi Award</a> (1988)<br /><a href="/wiki/Public_Welfare_Medal" title="Public Welfare Medal">Public Welfare Medal</a> (1991)</span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><b>Scientific career</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fields</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Physics" title="Physics">Physics</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institutions</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Leipzig" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Leipzig">University of Leipzig</a><br /><a href="/wiki/University_of_Berlin" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Berlin">University of Berlin</a><br /><a href="/wiki/ETH_Zurich" title="ETH Zurich">ETH Zurich</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Niels_Bohr_Institute" title="Niels Bohr Institute">Niels Bohr Institute</a><br /><a href="/wiki/University_of_Rochester" title="University of Rochester">University of Rochester</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Project" title="Manhattan Project">Manhattan Project</a><br /><a href="/wiki/MIT" class="mw-redirect" title="MIT">MIT</a><br /><a href="/wiki/CERN" title="CERN">CERN</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Thesis" title="Thesis">Thesis</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002/andp.19314010103">Zur Theorie der Resonanzfluoreszenz</a></i> <span style="font-size:97%;">(1931)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Doctoral_advisor" title="Doctoral advisor">Doctoral advisor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Max_Born" title="Max Born">Max Born</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Doctoral students</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/J._Bruce_French" class="mw-redirect" title="J. Bruce French">J. Bruce French</a><br /><a href="/wiki/David_H._Frisch" title="David H. Frisch">David H. Frisch</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Kerson_Huang" title="Kerson Huang">Kerson Huang</a><br /><a href="/wiki/J._David_Jackson" class="mw-redirect" title="J. David Jackson">J. David Jackson</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Kerman" title="Arthur Kerman">Arthur Kerman</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Murray_Gell-Mann" title="Murray Gell-Mann">Murray Gell-Mann</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Kurt_Gottfried" title="Kurt Gottfried">Kurt Gottfried</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Stora" title="Raymond Stora">Raymond Stora</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Biedenharn" title="Lawrence Biedenharn">Lawrence Biedenharn</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Victor</b> <b>Frederick</b> "<b>Viki</b>" <b>Weisskopf</b> (also spelled <b>Viktor</b>; September 19, 1908 – April 22, 2002) was an Austrian-born American <a href="/wiki/Theoretical_physicist" class="mw-redirect" title="Theoretical physicist">theoretical physicist</a>. He did postdoctoral work with <a href="/wiki/Werner_Heisenberg" title="Werner Heisenberg">Werner Heisenberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger">Erwin Schrödinger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Pauli" title="Wolfgang Pauli">Wolfgang Pauli</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Niels_Bohr" title="Niels Bohr">Niels Bohr</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> he was Deputy Division Leader of the Theoretical Division of the <a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Project" title="Manhattan Project">Manhattan Project</a> at <a href="/wiki/Los_Alamos_National_Laboratory" title="Los Alamos National Laboratory">Los Alamos</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and he later campaigned against the <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_proliferation" title="Nuclear proliferation">proliferation of nuclear weapons</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victor_Weisskopf&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Weisskopf was born in <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a> to <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jewish parents</a> and earned his doctorate in <a href="/wiki/Physics" title="Physics">physics</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_G%C3%B6ttingen" title="University of Göttingen">University of Göttingen</a> in Germany in 1931. His brilliance in physics led to work with the great physicists exploring the atom, especially <a href="/wiki/Niels_Bohr" title="Niels Bohr">Niels Bohr</a>, who mentored Weisskopf at his institute in Copenhagen. By the late 1930s, he realized that, as a Jew, he needed to get out of Europe. Bohr helped him find a position in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 1930s and 1940s, "Viki", as everyone called him, made major contributions to the development of quantum theory, especially in the area of <a href="/wiki/Quantum_electrodynamics" title="Quantum electrodynamics">quantum electrodynamics</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of his few regrets was that his insecurity about his mathematical abilities may have cost him a <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize" title="Nobel Prize">Nobel Prize</a> when he did not publish results (which turned out to be correct) about what became known as the <a href="/wiki/Lamb_shift" title="Lamb shift">Lamb shift</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nevertheless, he was nominated for the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Nobel Prize in Physics">Nobel Prize in Physics</a> numerous times later in his career.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Weisskopf-victor_f.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Weisskopf-victor_f.jpg/220px-Weisskopf-victor_f.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="319" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Weisskopf-victor_f.jpg/330px-Weisskopf-victor_f.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Weisskopf-victor_f.jpg/440px-Weisskopf-victor_f.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3027" data-file-height="4388" /></a><figcaption>Weisskopf's Los Alamos badge</figcaption></figure> <p>From 1937 to 1943 he was a Professor of Physics at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Rochester" title="University of Rochester">University of Rochester</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There, he met graduate student <a href="/wiki/Esther_M._Conwell" title="Esther M. Conwell">Esther Conwell</a>, and together they formulated the Conwell–Weisskopf theory, which describes the movement of electrons through <a href="/wiki/Semiconductor" title="Semiconductor">semiconductors</a> and led to a better understanding of <a href="/wiki/Integrated_circuit" title="Integrated circuit">integrated circuits</a>, knowledge that became essential for modern computing.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After World War II, Weisskopf joined the physics faculty at <a href="/wiki/MIT" class="mw-redirect" title="MIT">MIT</a>, ultimately becoming head of the department. In 1956, he became one of the founding members of the <a href="/wiki/Physical_Science_Study_Committee" title="Physical Science Study Committee">Physical Science Study Committee</a> (PSSC), developing the curriculum for a revolutionary method of teaching physics at the high school level. As the <a href="/wiki/Red_Scare" title="Red Scare">Red Scare</a> faded, in 1959 Weisskopf joined physicists <a href="/wiki/George_Gamow" title="George Gamow">George Gamow</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hans_Bethe" title="Hans Bethe">Hans Bethe</a> in supporting the return of exiled physicist <a href="/wiki/Frank_Oppenheimer" title="Frank Oppenheimer">Frank Oppenheimer</a> to science teaching;<sup id="cite_ref-Cole_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cole-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 130">: 130 </span></sup> a decade later, Oppenheimer would found the innovative <a href="/wiki/Exploratorium" title="Exploratorium">Exploratorium</a> museum of science, technology, and arts in San Francisco. </p><p>At MIT, he encouraged students to ask questions, and even in undergraduate physics courses, taught his students to think like physicists, not just to memorize the equations of physics. He was a memorable teacher, and delighted in posing "<a href="/wiki/Fermi_question" class="mw-redirect" title="Fermi question">Fermi questions</a>" and then helping students to work out approximate answers. For example, he would ask the maximum possible height of a mountain on the Earth, calculated from known basic <a href="/wiki/Physical_constant" title="Physical constant">physical constants</a>. It took him about half an hour to work through an explanation of his computations, with the result being of the same <a href="/wiki/Order_of_magnitude" title="Order of magnitude">order of magnitude</a> as the known height of <a href="/wiki/Mount_Everest" title="Mount Everest">Mount Everest</a>. For an encore, he would quickly work out the analogous answers for Mars and Jupiter (when the <a href="/wiki/Mars_Orbiter" class="mw-redirect" title="Mars Orbiter">Mars Orbiter</a> survey results later became available, they were consistent with his computed elevation). For his finale, he would compute the energy released by rolling a <a href="/wiki/Bowling_ball" title="Bowling ball">bowling ball</a> down the highest theoretical mountain on Jupiter. </p><p>Weisskopf was a co-founder and board member of the <a href="/wiki/Union_of_Concerned_Scientists" title="Union of Concerned Scientists">Union of Concerned Scientists</a>. He served as director-general of <a href="/wiki/CERN" title="CERN">CERN</a> from 1961 to 1966.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1966 a <i><a href="/wiki/Festschrift" title="Festschrift">Festschrift</a></i> was published in his honor.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Weisskopf was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Medal" title="Max Planck Medal">Max Planck Medal</a> in 1956 and the <a href="/wiki/Prix_mondial_Cino_Del_Duca" title="Prix mondial Cino Del Duca">Prix mondial Cino Del Duca</a> in 1972, the <a href="/wiki/National_Medal_of_Science" title="National Medal of Science">National Medal of Science</a> (1980), the <a href="/wiki/Wolf_Prize" title="Wolf Prize">Wolf Prize</a> (1981) and the <a href="/wiki/Public_Welfare_Medal" title="Public Welfare Medal">Public Welfare Medal</a> from the <a href="/wiki/United_States_National_Academy_of_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="United States National Academy of Sciences">National Academy of Sciences</a> (1991).<sup id="cite_ref-PublicWelfare_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PublicWelfare-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Weisskopf was a member of the <a href="/wiki/National_Academy_of_Sciences" title="National Academy of Sciences">National Academy of Sciences</a> and the <a href="/wiki/American_Philosophical_Society" title="American Philosophical Society">American Philosophical Society</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was president of the <a href="/wiki/American_Physical_Society" title="American Physical Society">American Physical Society</a> (1960–61)<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="American Academy of Arts and Sciences">American Academy of Arts and Sciences</a> (1976–1979).<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He was appointed by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Paul_VI" title="Pope Paul VI">Pope Paul VI</a> to the 70-member <a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Pontifical Academy of Sciences">Pontifical Academy of Sciences</a> in 1975, and in 1981 he led a team of four scientists sent by <a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">Pope John Paul II</a> to talk to President <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> about the need to prohibit the use of nuclear weapons. </p><p>In a joint statement "Preserving and Cherishing the Earth" with other noted scientists including <a href="/wiki/Carl_Sagan" title="Carl Sagan">Carl Sagan</a>, it concluded that: "The historical record makes clear that religious teaching, example, and leadership are powerfully able to influence personal conduct and commitment ... Thus, there is a vital role for religion and science."<sup id="cite_ref-The_Yale_Forum_on_Religion_and_Ecology_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Yale_Forum_on_Religion_and_Ecology-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victor_Weisskopf&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>His first wife, Ellen Tvede, died in 1989. Weisskopf died on April 22, 2002, and was survived by his second wife Duscha, daughter of accidental <a href="/wiki/Night_of_the_Long_Knives" title="Night of the Long Knives">Night of the Long Knives</a> victim <a href="/wiki/Willi_Schmid" title="Willi Schmid">Willi Schmid</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Decorations_and_awards">Decorations and awards</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victor_Weisskopf&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Decorations and awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1956: <a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Medal" title="Max Planck Medal">Max Planck Medal</a></li> <li>1971: First recipient of the <a href="/wiki/George_Gamow_Memorial_Lectures" title="George Gamow Memorial Lectures">George Gamow Memorial Lectureship Award</a> from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Colorado_Boulder" title="University of Colorado Boulder">University of Colorado Boulder</a><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1972: <a href="/wiki/Prix_mondial_Cino_Del_Duca" title="Prix mondial Cino Del Duca">Prix mondial Cino Del Duca</a></li> <li>1976: <a href="/wiki/Oersted_Medal" title="Oersted Medal">Oersted Medal</a></li> <li>1977: <a href="/wiki/Marian_Smoluchowski_Medal" title="Marian Smoluchowski Medal">Marian Smoluchowski Medal</a></li> <li>1978: <a href="/wiki/Pour_le_M%C3%A9rite_for_Arts_and_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Pour le Mérite for Arts and Sciences">Pour le Mérite for Arts and Sciences</a></li> <li>1980: <a href="/wiki/National_Medal_of_Science" title="National Medal of Science">National Medal of Science</a></li> <li>1981: <a href="/wiki/Wolf_Prize" title="Wolf Prize">Wolf Prize</a></li> <li>1982: <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Decoration_for_Science_and_Art" title="Austrian Decoration for Science and Art">Austrian Decoration for Science and Art</a></li> <li>1983: <a href="/wiki/J._Robert_Oppenheimer_Memorial_Prize" title="J. Robert Oppenheimer Memorial Prize">J. Robert Oppenheimer Memorial Prize</a><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1984: <a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein_Medal" title="Albert Einstein Medal">Albert Einstein Medal</a></li> <li>1990: <a href="/wiki/Wittgenstein-Preis" class="mw-redirect" title="Wittgenstein-Preis">Ludwig Wittgenstein Prize</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Science_Fund" title="Austrian Science Fund">Austrian Science Fund</a></li> <li>1991: <a href="/wiki/Public_Welfare_Medal" title="Public Welfare Medal">Public Welfare Medal</a> (<a href="/wiki/United_States_National_Academy_of_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="United States National Academy of Sciences">United States National Academy of Sciences</a>)</li> <li>2000: <a href="/wiki/Grand_Gold_Medal_with_Star_for_Services_to_the_Republic_of_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Gold Medal with Star for Services to the Republic of Austria">Grand Gold Medal with Star for Services to the Republic of Austria</a><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>There is a street, <a href="/wiki/List_of_streets_at_CERN" title="List of streets at CERN">Route Weisskopf</a>, named after Weisskopf at <a href="/wiki/CERN" title="CERN">CERN</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a>, Switzerland. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Quotes">Quotes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victor_Weisskopf&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Quotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Human existence is based upon two pillars: Compassion and knowledge. Compassion without knowledge is ineffective; knowledge without compassion is inhuman.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <ul><li>In class one day, speaking to junior physics majors (Spring, 1957): "There is <a href="/wiki/No_such_thing_as_a_stupid_question" title="No such thing as a stupid question">no such thing as a stupid question</a>."</li></ul> <p>Citing initial teacher–student interactions, <a href="/wiki/Noam_Chomsky" title="Noam Chomsky">Noam Chomsky</a> attributes to Victor the educational <a href="/wiki/Saying" title="Saying">maxim</a>, </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>It doesn't matter what we cover. It matters what we discover.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Publications">Publications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victor_Weisskopf&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Publications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-ISBN plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_kdict_glass.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Nuvola_kdict_glass.svg/40px-Nuvola_kdict_glass.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Nuvola_kdict_glass.svg/60px-Nuvola_kdict_glass.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Nuvola_kdict_glass.svg/80px-Nuvola_kdict_glass.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>lacks <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBNs</a> for the books listed</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Victor_Weisskopf&action=edit">add the ISBNs</a> or run the <a class="external text" href="http://tools.wmflabs.org/citations/process_page.php?edit=template&slow=1&user=Biblio+template+user&page=Victor_Weisskopf">citation bot</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2022</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFWeisskopfBlatt1952" class="citation book cs1">Weisskopf, Victor; <a href="/wiki/John_M._Blatt" title="John M. Blatt">Blatt, J. M.</a> (1952). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/theoreticalnucle00blat_0"><i>Theoretical Nuclear Physics</i></a></span>. New York: John Wiley.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Theoretical+Nuclear+Physics&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=John+Wiley&rft.date=1952&rft.aulast=Weisskopf&rft.aufirst=Victor&rft.au=Blatt%2C+J.+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftheoreticalnucle00blat_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictor+Weisskopf" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeisskopf1963" class="citation book cs1">Weisskopf, Victor (1963). <i>Knowledge and Wonder: The Natural World as Man Knows It</i>. New York: Anchor Books/Doubleday & Co. (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Science_Study_Series&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Science Study Series (page does not exist)">Science Study Series</a> S31).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Knowledge+and+Wonder%3A+The+Natural+World+as+Man+Knows+It&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Anchor+Books%2FDoubleday+%26+Co.+%28Science+Study+Series+S31%29&rft.date=1963&rft.aulast=Weisskopf&rft.aufirst=Victor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictor+Weisskopf" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeisskopf1970" class="citation book cs1">Weisskopf, Victor (1970). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/274976/?ln=en"><i>Modern Physics from an Elementary Point of View</i></a>. Geneva: CERN.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Modern+Physics+from+an+Elementary+Point+of+View&rft.place=Geneva&rft.pub=CERN&rft.date=1970&rft.aulast=Weisskopf&rft.aufirst=Victor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcds.cern.ch%2Frecord%2F274976%2F%3Fln%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictor+Weisskopf" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeisskopf1972" class="citation book cs1">Weisskopf, Victor (1972). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/physicsintwentie0000weis"><i>Physics in the Twentieth Century: Selected Essays</i></a></span>. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Physics+in+the+Twentieth+Century%3A+Selected+Essays&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+Massachusetts&rft.pub=MIT+Press&rft.date=1972&rft.aulast=Weisskopf&rft.aufirst=Victor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fphysicsintwentie0000weis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictor+Weisskopf" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeisskopfKurt_Gottfried1984" class="citation book cs1">Weisskopf, Victor; Kurt Gottfried (1984). <i>Concepts of Particle Physics, vol. 1</i>. New York: Oxford University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Concepts+of+Particle+Physics%2C+vol.+1&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1984&rft.aulast=Weisskopf&rft.aufirst=Victor&rft.au=Kurt+Gottfried&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictor+Weisskopf" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeisskopfKurt_Gottfried1986" class="citation book cs1">Weisskopf, Victor; Kurt Gottfried (1986). <i>Concepts of Particle Physics, vol. 2</i>. New York: Oxford University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Concepts+of+Particle+Physics%2C+vol.+2&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1986&rft.aulast=Weisskopf&rft.aufirst=Victor&rft.au=Kurt+Gottfried&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictor+Weisskopf" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeisskopf1989" class="citation book cs1">Weisskopf, Victor (1989). <i>The Privilege of Being a Physicist. Essays</i>. New York: W. H. Freeman.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Privilege+of+Being+a+Physicist.+Essays.&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=W.+H.+Freeman&rft.date=1989&rft.aulast=Weisskopf&rft.aufirst=Victor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictor+Weisskopf" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeisskopf1991" class="citation book cs1">Weisskopf, Victor (1991). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joyofinsightpass00weis"><i>The Joy of Insight: Passions of a Physicist</i></a></span>. New York: Basic Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-465-03678-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-465-03678-3"><bdi>978-0-465-03678-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Joy+of+Insight%3A+Passions+of+a+Physicist&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Basic+Books&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0-465-03678-3&rft.aulast=Weisskopf&rft.aufirst=Victor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjoyofinsightpass00weis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictor+Weisskopf" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victor_Weisskopf&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://newsoffice.mit.edu/2002/weisskopf-0424">"Weisskopf dies at 93; was protégée of physicist Niels Bohr"</a>. <i>MIT News</i>. April 24, 2002<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 20,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MIT+News&rft.atitle=Weisskopf+dies+at+93%3B+was+prot%C3%A9g%C3%A9e+of+physicist+Niels+Bohr&rft.date=2002-04-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnewsoffice.mit.edu%2F2002%2Fweisskopf-0424&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictor+Weisskopf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ahf.nuclearmuseum.org/ahf/profile/victor-weisskopf/#:~:text=In%201943%2C%20Oppenheimer%20recruited%20Weisskopf,potential%20effects%20of%20the%20bomb.">"Victor Weisskopf, Deputy Division Leader - Los Alamos Theoretical Division"</a>. <i>Atomic Heritage Foundation</i>. 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 29,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Atomic+Heritage+Foundation&rft.atitle=Victor+Weisskopf%2C+Deputy+Division+Leader+-+Los+Alamos+Theoretical+Division&rft.date=2022&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fahf.nuclearmuseum.org%2Fahf%2Fprofile%2Fvictor-weisskopf%2F%23%3A~%3Atext%3DIn%25201943%252C%2520Oppenheimer%2520recruited%2520Weisskopf%2Cpotential%2520effects%2520of%2520the%2520bomb.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictor+Weisskopf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://openvault.wgbh.org/catalog/V_08860EB7F0BC44CD8696044DA1AA31F5">"War and Peace in the Nuclear Age; Weapon of Choice, The; Interview with Victor Weisskopf, 1986"</a>. <i>openvault.wgbh.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 5,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=openvault.wgbh.org&rft.atitle=War+and+Peace+in+the+Nuclear+Age%3B+Weapon+of+Choice%2C+The%3B+Interview+with+Victor+Weisskopf%2C+1986&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fopenvault.wgbh.org%2Fcatalog%2FV_08860EB7F0BC44CD8696044DA1AA31F5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictor+Weisskopf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOffice_of_the_Home_SecretaryNational_Academy_of_Sciences2004" class="citation book cs1">Office of the Home Secretary; National Academy of Sciences (January 1, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AfJWrRNsMycC&pg=PA375"><i>Biographical Memoirs</i></a>. Vol. 84. National Academies Press. p. 375. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-309-08957-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-309-08957-9"><bdi>978-0-309-08957-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Biographical+Memoirs&rft.pages=375&rft.pub=National+Academies+Press&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.isbn=978-0-309-08957-9&rft.au=Office+of+the+Home+Secretary&rft.au=National+Academy+of+Sciences&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAfJWrRNsMycC%26pg%3DPA375&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictor+Weisskopf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGottfriedJackson2003" class="citation journal cs1">Gottfried, Kurt; Jackson, J. David (February 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-theory.lbl.gov/jdj/VFW-Phy-Today.pdf">"Mozart and Quantum Mechanics: An Appreciation of Victor Weisskopf"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Physics Today</i>. <b>56</b> (2): 43–47. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003PhT....56b..43G">2003PhT....56b..43G</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1063%2F1.1564348">10.1063/1.1564348</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physics+Today&rft.atitle=Mozart+and+Quantum+Mechanics%3A+An+Appreciation+of+Victor+Weisskopf&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=43-47&rft.date=2003-02&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1063%2F1.1564348&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2003PhT....56b..43G&rft.aulast=Gottfried&rft.aufirst=Kurt&rft.au=Jackson%2C+J.+David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww-theory.lbl.gov%2Fjdj%2FVFW-Phy-Today.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictor+Weisskopf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGottfriedJackson" class="citation web cs1">Gottfried, Kurt; Jackson, J. David. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nasonline.org/publications/biographical-memoirs/memoir-pdfs/weisskopf-victor.pdf">"Victor Frederick Weisskopf, 1908–2002, A Biographical Memoir"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. p. 16. <q>I might even have shared the Nobel Prize with Lamb</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Victor+Frederick+Weisskopf%2C+1908%E2%80%932002%2C+A+Biographical+Memoir&rft.pages=16&rft.aulast=Gottfried&rft.aufirst=Kurt&rft.au=Jackson%2C+J.+David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasonline.org%2Fpublications%2Fbiographical-memoirs%2Fmemoir-pdfs%2Fweisskopf-victor.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictor+Weisskopf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/nomination/archive/show_people.php?id=10067">"Victor Frederick Weisskopf"</a>. <i>NobelPrize.org</i>. April 1, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 5,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NobelPrize.org&rft.atitle=Victor+Frederick+Weisskopf&rft.date=2020-04-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fnomination%2Farchive%2Fshow_people.php%3Fid%3D10067&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictor+Weisskopf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://physics.mit.edu/faculty/victor-weisskopf/">"Victor F. Weisskopf » MIT Physics"</a>. <i>MIT Physics</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 5,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MIT+Physics&rft.atitle=Victor+F.+Weisskopf+%C2%BB+MIT+Physics&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fphysics.mit.edu%2Ffaculty%2Fvictor-weisskopf%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictor+Weisskopf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGlorfeld2019" class="citation web cs1">Glorfeld, Jeff (July 14, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cosmosmagazine.com/science/physics/science-history-esther-conwell-jump-started-the-computer-age/">"Esther Conwell and the computer age"</a>. <i>cosmosmagazine.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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(2009). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/somethingincredi00cole"><i>Something Incredibly Wonderful Happens: Frank Oppenheimer and the World He Made Up</i></a></span>. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-15-100822-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-15-100822-3"><bdi>978-0-15-100822-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Something+Incredibly+Wonderful+Happens%3A+Frank+Oppenheimer+and+the+World+He+Made+Up&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin+Harcourt&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-15-100822-3&rft.aulast=Cole&rft.aufirst=K.+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsomethingincredi00cole&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictor+Weisskopf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/1728441">"Who's who in Cern: Victor F. Weisskopf"</a>. <i>CERN Courier</i>. <b>1</b> (15): 2. Winter 1960.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CERN+Courier&rft.atitle=Who%27s+who+in+Cern%3A+Victor+F.+Weisskopf&rft.ssn=winter&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=15&rft.pages=2&rft.date=1960&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcds.cern.ch%2Frecord%2F1728441&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictor+Weisskopf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHine2003" class="citation journal cs1">Hine, Mervyn (January 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cerncourier.com/cws/article/cern/28767">"Working with Viki at CERN"</a>. <i>CERN Courier</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CERN+Courier&rft.atitle=Working+with+Viki+at+CERN&rft.date=2003-01&rft.aulast=Hine&rft.aufirst=Mervyn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcerncourier.com%2Fcws%2Farticle%2Fcern%2F28767&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictor+Weisskopf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKummer2002" class="citation journal cs1">Kummer, Wolfgang (June 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/1733346">"Victor Weisskopf: looking back on a distinguished career"</a>. <i>CERN Courier</i>. <b>42</b> (5): 28–32.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CERN+Courier&rft.atitle=Victor+Weisskopf%3A+looking+back+on+a+distinguished+career&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=28-32&rft.date=2002-06&rft.aulast=Kummer&rft.aufirst=Wolfgang&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcds.cern.ch%2Frecord%2F1733346&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictor+Weisskopf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/1728754">"Farewell to Professor Weisskopf"</a>. <i>CERN Courier</i>. <b>6</b> (1): 3–5. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 20,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Public+Welfare+Medal+Recipients&rft.date=2015&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasonline.org%2Fabout-nas%2Fawards%2Fpublic-welfare-medal.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictor+Weisskopf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/deceased-members/49274.html">"Victor F. Weisskopf"</a>. <i>www.nasonline.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 28,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nasonline.org&rft.atitle=Victor+F.+Weisskopf&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasonline.org%2Fmember-directory%2Fdeceased-members%2F49274.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictor+Weisskopf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=Victor+Weisskopf&title=&subject=&subdiv=&mem=&year=&year-max=&dead=&keyword=&smode=advanced">"APS Member History"</a>. <i>search.amphilsoc.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 28,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=search.amphilsoc.org&rft.atitle=APS+Member+History&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsearch.amphilsoc.org%2Fmemhist%2Fsearch%3Fcreator%3DVictor%2BWeisskopf%26title%3D%26subject%3D%26subdiv%3D%26mem%3D%26year%3D%26year-max%3D%26dead%3D%26keyword%3D%26smode%3Dadvanced&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictor+Weisskopf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aps.org/about/governance/presidents.cfm">"Past and Present Presidents"</a>. <i>American Physical Society</i>. 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 20,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=American+Physical+Society&rft.atitle=Past+and+Present+Presidents&rft.date=2015&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aps.org%2Fabout%2Fgovernance%2Fpresidents.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictor+Weisskopf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150221013829/https://www.amacad.org/contentu.aspx?i=589">"Academy Presidents"</a>. <i>American Academy of Arts & Sciences</i>. 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amacad.org/contentu.aspx?i=589">the original</a> on February 21, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 20,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=American+Academy+of+Arts+%26+Sciences&rft.atitle=Academy+Presidents&rft.date=2015&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amacad.org%2Fcontentu.aspx%3Fi%3D589&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictor+Weisskopf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Yale_Forum_on_Religion_and_Ecology-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-The_Yale_Forum_on_Religion_and_Ecology_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarl_SaganHans_A._BetheS._Chandrasekhar1990" class="citation web cs1">Carl Sagan; Hans A. Bethe; S. Chandrasekhar; et al. (January 1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150309044704/http://fore.research.yale.edu/publications/statements/preserve/">"Preserving and Cherishing the Earth"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Yale_Forum_on_Religion_and_Ecology" title="Yale Forum on Religion and Ecology">Yale Forum on Religion and Ecology</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fore.research.yale.edu/publications/statements/preserve">the original</a> on March 9, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 20,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Yale+Forum+on+Religion+and+Ecology&rft.atitle=Preserving+and+Cherishing+the+Earth&rft.date=1990-01&rft.au=Carl+Sagan&rft.au=Hans+A.+Bethe&rft.au=S.+Chandrasekhar&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffore.research.yale.edu%2Fpublications%2Fstatements%2Fpreserve&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictor+Weisskopf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChang2002" class="citation news cs1">Chang, Kenneth (April 25, 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2002/04/25/us/victor-weisskopf-a-manhattan-project-physicist-dies-at-93.html">"Victor Weisskopf, a Manhattan Project Physicist, Dies at 93"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 6,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Victor+Weisskopf%2C+a+Manhattan+Project+Physicist%2C+Dies+at+93&rft.date=2002-04-25&rft.aulast=Chang&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2002%2F04%2F25%2Fus%2Fvictor-weisskopf-a-manhattan-project-physicist-dies-at-93.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictor+Weisskopf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://physicstoday.scitation.org/doi/abs/10.1063/1.3022709?journalCode=pto">"George Gamow Award Goes to Victor F. Weisskopf"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Physics_Today" title="Physics Today">Physics Today</a></i>. 1971. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1063%2F1.3022709">10.1063/1.3022709</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physics+Today&rft.atitle=George+Gamow+Award+Goes+to+Victor+F.+Weisskopf&rft.date=1971&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1063%2F1.3022709&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fphysicstoday.scitation.org%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1063%2F1.3022709%3FjournalCode%3Dpto&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictor+Weisskopf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">"Weisskopf wins Oppenheimer Prize". <i>Physics Today</i>. <b>36</b> (7): 77. July 1983. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1063%2F1.2915767">10.1063/1.2915767</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physics+Today&rft.atitle=Weisskopf+wins+Oppenheimer+Prize&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=77&rft.date=1983-07&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1063%2F1.2915767&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictor+Weisskopf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parlament.gv.at/PAKT/VHG/XXIV/AB/AB_10542/imfname_251156.pdf">"Reply to a parliamentary question"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Österreichisches Parlament</i> (in German). Wien. April 23, 2012. p. 1372<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 5,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%C3%96sterreichisches+Parlament&rft.atitle=Reply+to+a+parliamentary+question&rft.pages=1372&rft.date=2012-04-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parlament.gv.at%2FPAKT%2FVHG%2FXXIV%2FAB%2FAB_10542%2Fimfname_251156.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictor+Weisskopf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">V. Stefan (Editor). <i>PHYSICS and SOCIETY. Essays in Honor of Victor Frederick Weisskopf by the International Community of Physicists.</i>, Forward p. v. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-56396-386-8" title="Special:BookSources/1-56396-386-8">1-56396-386-8</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNoam_Chomsky1991" class="citation web cs1">Noam Chomsky (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chomsky.info/1991____/">"Language, Politics, and Composition"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Language%2C+Politics%2C+and+Composition&rft.date=1991&rft.au=Noam+Chomsky&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fchomsky.info%2F1991____%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictor+Weisskopf" class="Z3988"></span> I often quote a famous statement from one of MIT’s great physicists, Victor Weisskopf, but it's a standard comment. He was often asked by students, “What are we going to cover this semester?” His standard answer was supposed to have been, “It doesn't matter what we cover; it matters what we discover.” That's basically it: that’s good teaching. It doesn’t matter what you cover; it matters how much you develop the capacity to discover. You do that and you’re in good shape.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victor_Weisskopf&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMedawar,_JeanPyke,_David2012" class="citation book cs1">Medawar, Jean; Pyke, David (2012). <i>Hitler's Gift: The True Story of the Scientists Expelled by the Nazi Regime</i> (Paperback). New York: Arcade Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61145-709-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-61145-709-4"><bdi>978-1-61145-709-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hitler%27s+Gift%3A+The+True+Story+of+the+Scientists+Expelled+by+the+Nazi+Regime&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Arcade+Publishing&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-61145-709-4&rft.au=Medawar%2C+Jean&rft.au=Pyke%2C+David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictor+Weisskopf" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFV._Stefan1998" class="citation book cs1">V. Stefan, ed. (1998). <i>Physics and Society: Essays in Honor of Victor Frederick Weisskopf by the International Community of Physicists</i>. AIP Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-56396-386-8" title="Special:BookSources/1-56396-386-8"><bdi>1-56396-386-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Physics+and+Society%3A+Essays+in+Honor+of+Victor+Frederick+Weisskopf+by+the+International+Community+of+Physicists.&rft.pub=AIP+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=1-56396-386-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictor+Weisskopf" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victor_Weisskopf&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Victor_Weisskopf" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Victor Weisskopf">Victor Weisskopf</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Victor_Frederick_Weisskopf" class="extiw" title="q:Victor Frederick Weisskopf">Victor Frederick Weisskopf</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.encyclopedia.com/science/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/weisskopf-victor-frederick">"Weisskopf, Victor Frederick"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia.com&rft.atitle=Weisskopf%2C+Victor+Frederick&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.encyclopedia.com%2Fscience%2Fdictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases%2Fweisskopf-victor-frederick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictor+Weisskopf" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJacksonGottfried" class="citation web cs1">Jackson, J. David; Gottfried, Kurt. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nasonline.org/publications/biographical-memoirs/memoir-pdfs/weisskopf-victor.pdf">"Victor Frederick Weisskopf 1908–2002"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/National_Academy_of_Sciences" title="National Academy of Sciences">National Academy of Sciences</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 30,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Victor+Frederick+Weisskopf+1908%E2%80%932002&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=J.+David&rft.au=Gottfried%2C+Kurt&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasonline.org%2Fpublications%2Fbiographical-memoirs%2Fmemoir-pdfs%2Fweisskopf-victor.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictor+Weisskopf" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://alsos.wlu.edu/qsearch.aspx?browse=people/Weisskopf,+Victor">Annotated bibliography for Victor Weisskopf from the Alsos Digital Library for Nuclear Issues</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060828140902/http://alsos.wlu.edu/qsearch.aspx?browse=people%2FWeisskopf%2C+Victor">Archived</a> August 28, 2006, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://globetrotter.berkeley.edu/conversations/Weisskopf/weisskopf0.html">"A Scientist's Odyssey"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080120031609/http://globetrotter.berkeley.edu/conversations/Weisskopf/weisskopf0.html">Archived</a> January 20, 2008, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>: A Conversation with Victor Weisskopf, April 7, 1988, transcript and <a href="/wiki/RealMedia" title="RealMedia">RealMedia</a> webcast</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChang2002" class="citation journal cs1">Chang, Kenneth (April 25, 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2002/04/25/obituaries/25WEIS.html">"Victor Weisskopf, a Manhattan Project Physicist, Dies at 93"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 11,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Victor+Weisskopf%2C+a+Manhattan+Project+Physicist%2C+Dies+at+93&rft.date=2002-04-25&rft.aulast=Chang&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2002%2F04%2F25%2Fobituaries%2F25WEIS.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictor+Weisskopf" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aip.org/history/ohilist/4944.html">Oral history interview transcript with Victor Fredrick Weisskopf 10 July 1965, American Institute of Physics, Niels Bohr Library & Archives</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110912011003/http://www.aip.org/history/ohilist/4944.html">Archived</a> September 12, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inspirehep.net/author/profile/V.F.Weisskopf.1">Victor Weisskopf</a> on <a href="/wiki/INSPIRE-HEP" title="INSPIRE-HEP">INSPIRE-HEP</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441154#P2930" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_Adams_(Physicist)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Adams (Physicist)">John Adams</a> (Acting Director-General)</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Directors_General_of_CERN" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Directors General of CERN">CERN Director General</a> </b><br />1961–1965 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Gregory" title="Bernard Gregory">Bernard Gregory</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="/wiki/Template:Presidents_of_the_American_Physical_Society" title="Template:Presidents of the American Physical Society"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Presidents_of_the_American_Physical_Society" title="Template talk:Presidents of the American Physical Society"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Presidents_of_the_American_Physical_Society" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Presidents of the American Physical Society"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Presidents_of_the_American_Physical_Society" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/American_Physical_Society" title="American Physical Society">Presidents of the American Physical Society</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1899–1925</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Augustus_Rowland" title="Henry Augustus Rowland">Henry Augustus Rowland</a> (1899)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_A._Michelson" title="Albert A. Michelson">Albert A. Michelson</a> (1901)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Gordon_Webster" title="Arthur Gordon Webster">Arthur Gordon Webster</a> (1903)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Barus" title="Carl Barus">Carl Barus</a> (1905)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Leamington_Nichols" title="Edward Leamington Nichols">Edward Leamington Nichols</a> (1907)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Crew" title="Henry Crew">Henry Crew</a> (1909)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Francis_Magie" title="William Francis Magie">William Francis Magie</a> (1911)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Osgood_Peirce" title="Benjamin Osgood Peirce">Benjamin Osgood Peirce</a> (1913)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Merritt" title="Ernest Merritt">Ernest Merritt</a> (1914)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Andrews_Millikan" title="Robert Andrews Millikan">Robert Andrews Millikan</a> (1916)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_A._Bumstead" title="Henry A. Bumstead">Henry A. Bumstead</a> (1918)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Sweetman_Ames" title="Joseph Sweetman Ames">Joseph Sweetman Ames</a> (1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Lyman_IV" title="Theodore Lyman IV">Theodore Lyman</a> (1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Corwin_Mendenhall" title="Thomas Corwin Mendenhall">Thomas Corwin Mendenhall</a> (1923)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dayton_Miller" title="Dayton Miller">Dayton Miller</a> (1925)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1926–1950</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Taylor_Compton" title="Karl Taylor Compton">Karl Taylor Compton</a> (1927)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Gale_(astrophysicist)" title="Henry Gale (astrophysicist)">Henry Gale</a> (1929)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Francis_Gray_Swann" title="William Francis Gray Swann">William Francis Gray Swann</a> (1931)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_D._Foote" title="Paul D. Foote">Paul D. Foote</a> (1933)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Compton" title="Arthur Compton">Arthur Compton</a> (1934)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_W._Wood" title="Robert W. Wood">Robert W. Wood</a> (1935)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floyd_K._Richtmyer" title="Floyd K. Richtmyer">Floyd K. Richtmyer</a> (1936)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrison_M._Randall" title="Harrison M. Randall">Harrison M. Randall</a> (1937)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyman_James_Briggs" title="Lyman James Briggs">Lyman James Briggs</a> (1938)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Torrence_Tate_Sr." title="John Torrence Tate Sr.">John Torrence Tate Sr.</a> (1939)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Zeleny" title="John Zeleny">John Zeleny</a> (1940)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_B._Pegram" title="George B. Pegram">George B. Pegram</a> (1941)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Stewart" title="George W. Stewart">George Stewart</a> (1941)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Percy_Williams_Bridgman" title="Percy Williams Bridgman">Percy Williams Bridgman</a> (1942)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_W._Hull" title="Albert W. Hull">Albert W. Hull</a> (1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Jeffrey_Dempster" title="Arthur Jeffrey Dempster">Arthur Jeffrey Dempster</a> (1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvey_Fletcher" title="Harvey Fletcher">Harvey Fletcher</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Condon" title="Edward Condon">Edward Condon</a> (1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Alvin_DuBridge" title="Lee Alvin DuBridge">Lee Alvin DuBridge</a> (1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Robert_Oppenheimer" title="J. Robert Oppenheimer">J. Robert Oppenheimer</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Wheeler_Loomis" title="Francis Wheeler Loomis">Francis Wheeler Loomis</a> (1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isidor_Isaac_Rabi" title="Isidor Isaac Rabi">Isidor Isaac Rabi</a> (1950)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1951–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Christian_Lauritsen" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Christian Lauritsen">Charles Christian Lauritsen</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hasbrouck_Van_Vleck" title="John Hasbrouck Van Vleck">John Hasbrouck Van Vleck</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enrico_Fermi" title="Enrico Fermi">Enrico Fermi</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Bethe" title="Hans Bethe">H. Bethe</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Thayer_Birge" title="Raymond Thayer Birge">Raymond Thayer Birge</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Wigner" title="Eugene Wigner">E. Wigner</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_DeWolf_Smyth" title="Henry DeWolf Smyth">Henry DeWolf Smyth</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Beams" title="Jesse Beams">Jesse Beams</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Uhlenbeck" title="George Uhlenbeck">George Uhlenbeck</a> (1959)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Victor Weisskopf</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Seitz" title="Frederick Seitz">Frederick Seitz</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_V._Houston" title="William V. Houston">William V. Houston</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Harry_Williams" title="John Harry Williams">John Harry Williams</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bacher" title="Robert Bacher">Robert Bacher</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felix_Bloch" title="Felix Bloch">Felix Bloch</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Archibald_Wheeler" title="John Archibald Wheeler">John Archibald Wheeler</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_H._Townes" title="Charles H. Townes">Charles H. Townes</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bardeen" title="John Bardeen">John Bardeen</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luis_Walter_Alvarez" title="Luis Walter Alvarez">Luis Walter Alvarez</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Mills_Purcell" title="Edward Mills Purcell">Edward Mills Purcell</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Serber" title="Robert Serber">Robert Serber</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_M._Morse" title="Philip M. Morse">Philip M. Morse</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Edward_Mayer" title="Joseph Edward Mayer">Joseph Edward Mayer</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pief_Panofsky" title="Pief Panofsky">Pief Panofsky</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chien-Shiung_Wu" title="Chien-Shiung Wu">Chien-Shiung Wu</a> (1975)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Alfred_Fowler" title="William Alfred Fowler">William A. Fowler</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Pake" title="George Pake">George Pake</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Foster_Ramsey_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Norman Foster Ramsey Jr.">Norman Foster Ramsey Jr.</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_M._Branscomb" title="Lewis M. Branscomb">Lewis M. Branscomb</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herman_Feshbach" title="Herman Feshbach">Herman Feshbach</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Leonard_Schawlow" title="Arthur Leonard Schawlow">Arthur Leonard Schawlow</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Goldhaber" title="Maurice Goldhaber">Maurice Goldhaber</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Marshak" title="Robert Marshak">Robert Marshak</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mildred_Dresselhaus" title="Mildred Dresselhaus">Mildred Dresselhaus</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_R._Wilson" title="Robert R. Wilson">Robert R. Wilson</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Drell" title="Sidney Drell">Sidney Drell</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Val_Logsdon_Fitch" title="Val Logsdon Fitch">Val Logsdon Fitch</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_A._Krumhansl" title="James A. Krumhansl">James A. Krumhansl</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugen_Merzbacher" title="Eugen Merzbacher">Eugen Merzbacher</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolaas_Bloembergen" title="Nicolaas Bloembergen">Nicolaas Bloembergen</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_M._Henley" title="Ernest M. Henley">Ernest M. Henley</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_N._Langenberg" title="Donald N. Langenberg">Donald N. Langenberg</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burton_Richter" title="Burton Richter">Burton Richter</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._Kumar_N._Patel" title="C. Kumar N. Patel">C. Kumar Patel</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Robert_Schrieffer" title="John Robert Schrieffer">J.R. Schrieffer</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._Allan_Bromley" title="D. Allan Bromley">D. Allan Bromley</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Sessler" title="Andrew Sessler">Andrew Sessler</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerome_Isaac_Friedman" title="Jerome Isaac Friedman">Jerome Isaac Friedman</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_S._Langer" title="James S. Langer">James S. Langer</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001–</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Trilling" title="George Trilling">George Trilling</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_F._Brinkman" title="William F. Brinkman">William F. Brinkman</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myriam_Sarachik" title="Myriam Sarachik">Myriam Sarachik</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Quinn" title="Helen Quinn">Helen Quinn</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marvin_L._Cohen" title="Marvin L. Cohen">Marvin L. Cohen</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hopfield" title="John Hopfield">John Hopfield</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Kadanoff" title="Leo Kadanoff">Leo Kadanoff</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Bienenstock" title="Arthur Bienenstock">Arthur Bienenstock</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherry_A._Murray" title="Cherry A. Murray">Cherry A. Murray</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtis_Callan" title="Curtis Callan">Curtis Callan</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Barish" title="Barry Barish">Barry Barish</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_L._Byer" title="Robert L. Byer">Robert L. Byer</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_S._Turner" title="Michael S. Turner">Michael S. Turner</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Beasley" title="Malcolm Beasley">Malcolm R. Beasley</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Aronson" title="Sam Aronson">Sam Aronson</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homer_Neal" title="Homer Neal">Homer Neal</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laura_Greene_(physicist)" title="Laura Greene (physicist)">Laura Greene</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Falcone" title="Roger Falcone">Roger Falcone</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Gross" title="David Gross">David Gross</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_H._Bucksbaum" title="Philip H. Bucksbaum">Philip H. Bucksbaum</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvester_James_Gates" title="Sylvester James Gates">Sylvester James Gates Jr.</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Hellman" title="Frances Hellman">Frances Hellman</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Rosner" title="Robert Rosner">Robert Rosner</a> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Laureates_of_the_Wolf_Prize_in_Physics" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#d3d3d3;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Wolf_Prize_in_Physics" title="Template:Wolf Prize in Physics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Wolf_Prize_in_Physics" title="Template talk:Wolf Prize in Physics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Wolf_Prize_in_Physics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Wolf Prize in Physics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Laureates_of_the_Wolf_Prize_in_Physics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Laureates of the <a href="/wiki/Wolf_Prize_in_Physics" title="Wolf Prize in Physics">Wolf Prize in Physics</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d3d3d3;;width:1%">1970s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chien-Shiung_Wu" title="Chien-Shiung Wu">Chien-Shiung Wu</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Uhlenbeck" title="George Uhlenbeck">George Uhlenbeck</a> / <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Occhialini" title="Giuseppe Occhialini">Giuseppe Occhialini</a> (1979)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d3d3d3;;width:1%">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Fisher" title="Michael Fisher">Michael Fisher</a> / <a href="/wiki/Leo_Kadanoff" title="Leo Kadanoff">Leo Kadanoff</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_G._Wilson" title="Kenneth G. Wilson">Kenneth G. Wilson</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freeman_Dyson" title="Freeman Dyson">Freeman Dyson</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gerard_%27t_Hooft" title="Gerard 't Hooft">Gerardus 't Hooft</a> / <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Victor Weisskopf</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leon_M._Lederman" title="Leon M. Lederman">Leon M. Lederman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Martin_Lewis_Perl" title="Martin Lewis Perl">Martin Lewis Perl</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erwin_Hahn" title="Erwin Hahn">Erwin Hahn</a> / <a href="/wiki/Peter_Hirsch" title="Peter Hirsch">Peter Hirsch</a> / <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Maiman" title="Theodore Maiman">Theodore Maiman</a> (1983–84)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conyers_Herring" title="Conyers Herring">Conyers Herring</a> / <a href="/wiki/Philippe_Nozi%C3%A8res" title="Philippe Nozières">Philippe Nozières</a> (1984–85)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitchell_Feigenbaum" title="Mitchell Feigenbaum">Mitchell Feigenbaum</a> / <a href="/wiki/Albert_J._Libchaber" title="Albert J. Libchaber">Albert J. Libchaber</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Friedman" title="Herbert Friedman">Herbert Friedman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Bruno_Rossi" title="Bruno Rossi">Bruno Rossi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Riccardo_Giacconi" title="Riccardo Giacconi">Riccardo Giacconi</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Penrose" title="Roger Penrose">Roger Penrose</a> / <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Hawking" title="Stephen Hawking">Stephen Hawking</a> (1988)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d3d3d3;;width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Gilles_de_Gennes" title="Pierre-Gilles de Gennes">Pierre-Gilles de Gennes</a> / <a href="/wiki/David_J._Thouless" title="David J. Thouless">David J. Thouless</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Goldhaber" title="Maurice Goldhaber">Maurice Goldhaber</a> / <a href="/wiki/Valentine_Telegdi" title="Valentine Telegdi">Valentine Telegdi</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Hooton_Taylor_Jr." title="Joseph Hooton Taylor Jr.">Joseph H. Taylor Jr.</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benoit_Mandelbrot" title="Benoit Mandelbrot">Benoît Mandelbrot</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitaly_Ginzburg" title="Vitaly Ginzburg">Vitaly Ginzburg</a> / <a href="/wiki/Yoichiro_Nambu" title="Yoichiro Nambu">Yoichiro Nambu</a> (1994–95)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Archibald_Wheeler" title="John Archibald Wheeler">John Wheeler</a> (1996–97)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakir_Aharonov" title="Yakir Aharonov">Yakir Aharonov</a> / <a href="/wiki/Michael_Berry_(physicist)" title="Michael Berry (physicist)">Michael Berry</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Shechtman" title="Dan Shechtman">Dan Shechtman</a> (1999)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d3d3d3;;width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Davis_Jr." title="Raymond Davis Jr.">Raymond Davis Jr.</a> / <a href="/wiki/Masatoshi_Koshiba" title="Masatoshi Koshiba">Masatoshi Koshiba</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Halperin" title="Bertrand Halperin">Bertrand Halperin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Anthony_James_Leggett" title="Anthony James Leggett">Anthony Leggett</a> (2002–03)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Brout" title="Robert Brout">Robert Brout</a> / <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Englert" title="François Englert">François Englert</a> / <a href="/wiki/Peter_Higgs" title="Peter Higgs">Peter Higgs</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Kleppner" title="Daniel Kleppner">Daniel Kleppner</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Fert" title="Albert Fert">Albert Fert</a> / <a href="/wiki/Peter_Gr%C3%BCnberg" title="Peter Grünberg">Peter Grünberg</a> (2006–07)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d3d3d3;;width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Clauser" title="John Clauser">John F. Clauser</a> / <a href="/wiki/Alain_Aspect" title="Alain Aspect">Alain Aspect</a> / <a href="/wiki/Anton_Zeilinger" title="Anton Zeilinger">Anton Zeilinger</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximilian_Haider" title="Maximilian Haider">Maximilian Haider</a> / <a href="/wiki/Harald_Rose" title="Harald Rose">Harald Rose</a> / <a href="/wiki/Knut_Urban" title="Knut Urban">Knut Urban</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Bekenstein" title="Jacob Bekenstein">Jacob Bekenstein</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Zoller" title="Peter Zoller">Peter Zoller</a> / <a href="/wiki/Juan_Ignacio_Cirac_Sasturain" title="Juan Ignacio Cirac Sasturain">Juan Ignacio Cirac</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Bjorken" title="James Bjorken">James D. Bjorken</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robert_Kirshner" title="Robert Kirshner">Robert P. Kirshner</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoseph_Imry" title="Yoseph Imry">Yoseph Imry</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Mayor" title="Michel Mayor">Michel Mayor</a> / <a href="/wiki/Didier_Queloz" title="Didier Queloz">Didier Queloz</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_H._Bennett_(physicist)" title="Charles H. Bennett (physicist)">Charles H. Bennett</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gilles_Brassard" title="Gilles Brassard">Gilles Brassard</a> (2018)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d3d3d3;;width:1%">2020s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rafi_Bistritzer" title="Rafi Bistritzer">Rafi Bistritzer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Pablo_Jarillo-Herrero" title="Pablo Jarillo-Herrero">Pablo Jarillo-Herrero</a> / <a href="/wiki/Allan_H._MacDonald" title="Allan H. MacDonald">Allan H. MacDonald</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Parisi" title="Giorgio Parisi">Giorgio Parisi</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_L%27Huillier" title="Anne L'Huillier">Anne L'Huillier</a> / <a href="/wiki/Paul_Corkum" title="Paul Corkum">Paul Corkum</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ferenc_Krausz" title="Ferenc Krausz">Ferenc Krausz</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Rees" title="Martin Rees">Martin Rees</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#d3d3d3;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wolf_Prize_in_Agriculture" title="Wolf Prize in Agriculture">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolf_Prize_in_Arts" title="Wolf Prize in Arts">Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolf_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Wolf Prize in Chemistry">Chemistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolf_Prize_in_Mathematics" title="Wolf Prize in Mathematics">Mathematics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolf_Prize_in_Medicine" title="Wolf Prize in Medicine">Medicine</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wolf_Prize_in_Physics" title="Wolf Prize in Physics">Physics</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Heads_of_the_Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology_Department_of_Physics" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#A31F34; color:#FFFFFF; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #8A8B8C, inset -2px -2px 0 #8A8B8C;;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:MIT_physics_department" title="Template:MIT physics department"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:#FFFFFF">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:MIT_physics_department&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:MIT physics department (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:#FFFFFF">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:MIT_physics_department" title="Special:EditPage/Template:MIT physics department"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:#FFFFFF">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Heads_of_the_Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology_Department_of_Physics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Heads of the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Massachusetts Institute of Technology</span></a> <a href="/wiki/MIT_Department_of_Physics" title="MIT Department of Physics"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Department of Physics</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Barton_Rogers" title="William Barton Rogers">William Barton Rogers</a> (1866–1868)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Charles_Pickering" title="Edward Charles Pickering">Edward Charles Pickering</a> (1868–1877)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_R._Cross_(physicist)" title="Charles R. Cross (physicist)">Charles R. Cross</a> (1877–1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Bidwell_Wilson" title="Edwin Bidwell Wilson">Edwin Bidwell Wilson</a> (1917–1922)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Ladd_Norton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Ladd Norton (page does not exist)">Charles Ladd Norton</a> (1922–1930)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_C._Slater" title="John C. Slater">John C. Slater</a> (1930–1952)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nathaniel_Herman_Frank&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nathaniel Herman Frank (page does not exist)">Nathaniel Herman Frank</a> (1952–1961)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_W._Buechner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William W. Buechner (page does not exist)">William W. Buechner</a> (1961–1966)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Victor Weisskopf</a> (1966–1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herman_Feshbach" title="Herman Feshbach">Herman Feshbach</a> (1972–1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerome_Isaac_Friedman" title="Jerome Isaac Friedman">Jerome Isaac Friedman</a> (1983–1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_J._Birgeneau" title="Robert J. Birgeneau">Robert J. Birgeneau</a> (1988–1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Moniz" title="Ernest Moniz">Ernest Moniz</a> (1991–1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marc_A._Kastner" title="Marc A. Kastner">Marc A. Kastner</a> (1998–2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Bertschinger" title="Edmund Bertschinger">Edmund Bertschinger</a> (2007–2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_H._Fisher" title="Peter H. Fisher">Peter H. Fisher</a> (2013–2022)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deepto_Chakrabarty&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Deepto Chakrabarty (page does not exist)">Deepto Chakrabarty</a> (2022–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441154#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441154#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441154#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118630601">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79127118">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11929045d">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11929045d">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00460529">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35598543">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn20011210162&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1158531">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p070743517">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90096507">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000183039&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=255162">Greece</a></span></li><li><span 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href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058514373806706">Catalonia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14809698">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA00667530?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mathgenealogy.org/id.php?id=76884">Mathematics Genealogy Project</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=6602235048">Scopus</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zbmath.org/authors/?q=ai:weisskopf.victor-f">zbMATH</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathscinet.ams.org/mathscinet/MRAuthorID/181630">MathSciNet</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.leopoldina.org/mitgliederverzeichnis/mitglieder/member/Member/show/victor-f-weisskopf/">Leopoldina</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1009638">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118630601.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118630601">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027195023">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/043532">Historical Dictionary of Switzerland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10581361">NARA</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6tm7cd2">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" 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