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<li id="toc-Declining_popularity_(1986–2000)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Declining_popularity_(1986–2000)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Declining popularity (1986–2000) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Declining_popularity_(1986–2000)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-21st-century_revival_(2000s–present)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#21st-century_revival_(2000s–present)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 21st-century revival (2000s–present) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-21st-century_revival_(2000s–present)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Criticism_and_controversy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Criticism_and_controversy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Criticism and controversy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Criticism_and_controversy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Influence_and_legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Influence_and_legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Influence and legacy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Influence_and_legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Artists" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Artists"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Artists </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Artists-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Sources </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Synth-pop</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 52 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-52" aria-hidden="true" > 52 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%AB%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A8" title="سينثبوب – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سينثبوب" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synth_pop" title="Synth pop – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Synth pop" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinti-pop" title="Sinti-pop – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Sinti-pop" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%96-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BF" title="Сінці-поп – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Сінці-поп" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%96-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BF" title="Сынці-поп – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Сынці-поп" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BF" title="Синтпоп – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Синтпоп" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthpop" title="Synthpop – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Synthpop" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthpop" title="Synthpop – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Synthpop" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthpop" title="Synthpop – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Synthpop" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthiepop" title="Synthiepop – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Synthiepop" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BCndipop" title="Sündipop – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Sündipop" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synth_pop" title="Synth pop – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Synth pop" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinteza_popularmuziko" title="Sinteza popularmuziko – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Sinteza popularmuziko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pop_sintetiko" title="Pop sintetiko – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Pop sintetiko" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AB-%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%BE" title="سینث-پاپ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سینث-پاپ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthpop" title="Synthpop – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Synthpop" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthpop" title="Synthpop – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Synthpop" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8B%A0%EC%8A%A4%ED%8C%9D" title="신스팝 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="신스팝" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthpop" title="Synthpop – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Synthpop" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synth-pop" title="Synth-pop – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Synth-pop" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hlj%C3%B3%C3%B0gervlapopp" title="Hljóðgervlapopp – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Hljóðgervlapopp" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synth_pop" title="Synth pop – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Synth pop" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%AA%27-%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A4" title="סינת'-פופ – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סינת'-פופ" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%97%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9E%E1%83%98" title="სინთპოპი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სინთპოპი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BF" title="Синтипоп – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Синтипоп" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sintpops" title="Sintpops – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Sintpops" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthpop" title="Synthpop – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Synthpop" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szintipop" title="Szintipop – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szintipop" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BF" title="Синтисајзерски поп – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Синтисајзерски поп" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synth-pop" title="Synth-pop – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Synth-pop" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthpop" title="Synthpop – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Synthpop" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B7%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BB%E3%83%9D%E3%83%83%E3%83%97" title="シンセポップ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="シンセポップ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthpop" title="Synthpop – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Synthpop" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthpop" title="Synthpop – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Synthpop" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthpop" title="Synthpop – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Synthpop" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synth_pop" title="Synth pop – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Synth pop" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synth-pop" title="Synth-pop – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Synth-pop" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthpop" title="Synthpop – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Synthpop" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BF" title="Синти-поп – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Синти-поп" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synth-pop" title="Synth-pop – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Synth-pop" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synth-pop" title="Synth-pop – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Synth-pop" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthpop" title="Synthpop – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Synthpop" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthpop" title="Synthpop – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Synthpop" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sint-pop" title="Sint-pop – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Sint-pop" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthpop" title="Synthpop – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Synthpop" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthpop" title="Synthpop – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Synthpop" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syntpop" title="Syntpop – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Syntpop" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9B" title="ซินท์ป็อป – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ซินท์ป็อป" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthpop" title="Synthpop – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Synthpop" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%96-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BF" title="Синті-поп – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Синті-поп" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synth-pop" title="Synth-pop – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Synth-pop" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" 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For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Technopop_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Technopop (disambiguation)">Technopop (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">Synth-pop</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other names</th><td class="infobox-data hlist">Techno-pop</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Stylistic origins</th><td class="infobox-data hlist"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_music" title="Electronic music">Electronic</a><a href="#cite_note-AV_Club-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-Reynolds2009-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-CP-3">[3]</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Pop_music" title="Pop music">pop</a><a href="#cite_note-AV_Club-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-Reynolds2009-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-CP-3">[3]</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Avant-garde_music" title="Avant-garde music">avant-garde</a><a href="#cite_note-CP-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-Borthwick-4">[4]</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Disco" title="Disco">disco</a><a href="#cite_note-Borthwick-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/New_wave_music" title="New wave music">new wave</a><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_rock" title="Progressive rock">progressive rock</a><a href="#cite_note-CP-3">[3]</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Krautrock" title="Krautrock">krautrock</a><a href="#cite_note-CP-3">[3]</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Glam_rock" title="Glam rock">glam rock</a><a href="#cite_note-Borthwick-4">[4]</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Eurodisco" title="Eurodisco">Eurodisco</a><a href="#cite_note-Borthwick-4">[4]</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Art_pop" title="Art pop">art pop</a><a href="#cite_note-FisherGold-7">[7]</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Cultural origins</th><td class="infobox-data hlist">1977–1980 in West Germany, Japan, and the United Kingdom</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Derivative forms</th><td class="infobox-data hlist"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electropop" title="Electropop">Electropop</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/House_music" title="House music">house</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Electro_(music)" title="Electro (music)">electro</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Techno" title="Techno">techno</a><a href="#cite_note-MT-8">[8]</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Detroit_techno" title="Detroit techno">Detroit techno</a><a href="#cite_note-MT-8">[8]</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Dance-pop" title="Dance-pop">dance-pop</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_dance" title="Alternative dance">alternative dance</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Futurepop" title="Futurepop">futurepop</a><a href="#cite_note-apell423-9">[9]</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Hypnagogic_pop" title="Hypnagogic pop">hypnagogic pop</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Chillwave" title="Chillwave">chillwave</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Fusion genres</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data hlist"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electroclash" title="Electroclash">Electroclash</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Other topics</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data hlist"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Post-punk" title="Post-punk">Post-punk</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/New_pop" title="New pop">new pop</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Synthwave" title="Synthwave">synthwave</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Techno" title="Techno">techno</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_rock" title="Electronic rock">electronic rock</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 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.sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Electronic_music" title="Electronic music">Electronic music</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Experimental forms</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ambient_music" title="Ambient music">Ambient music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electroacoustic_music" title="Electroacoustic music">Electroacoustic music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Musique_concr%C3%A8te" title="Musique concrète">Musique concrète</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glitch_(music)" title="Glitch (music)">Glitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_music" title="Industrial music">Industrial music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noise_music" title="Noise music">Noise music</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Popular styles</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Breakbeat" title="Breakbeat">Breakbeat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiptune" title="Chiptune">Chiptune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dancehall" title="Dancehall">Dancehall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Downtempo" title="Downtempo">Downtempo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drum_and_bass" title="Drum and bass">Drum and bass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dub_music" title="Dub music">Dub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dubstep" title="Dubstep">Dubstep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electro_(music)" title="Electro (music)">Electro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_dance_music" title="Electronic dance music">EDM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grime_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Grime (music)">Grime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardcore_(electronic_dance_music_genre)" title="Hardcore (electronic dance music genre)">Hardcore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_music" title="House music">House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelligent_dance_music" title="Intelligent dance music">IDM</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Synth-pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Techno" title="Techno">Techno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trance_music" title="Trance music">Trance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UK_garage" title="UK garage">UK garage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaporwave" title="Vaporwave">Vaporwave</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Other topics</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Disco" title="Disco">Disco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronics_in_rock_music" title="Electronics in rock music">In rock music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronics_in_folk_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Electronics in folk music">In folk music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loudspeaker" title="Loudspeaker">Loudspeaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_electronic_music_genres" title="List of electronic music genres">List of genres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sampling_(music)" title="Sampling (music)">Sampling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recording_studio_as_an_instrument" title="Recording studio as an instrument">Studio as compositional tool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turntablism" title="Turntablism">Turntablism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hip_hop_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Hip hop music">Hip hop</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound_system_(DJ)" title="Sound system (DJ)">Sound system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_game_music" title="Video game music">Video game music</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Electronic_music_top" title="Template:Electronic music top"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Electronic_music_top" title="Template talk:Electronic music top"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Electronic_music_top" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Electronic music top"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> Synth-pop (short for synthesizer pop;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETrynkaBacon199660-10">[10]</a> also called techno-pop<a href="#cite_note-SR-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-electrosynth-12">[12]</a>) is a <a href="/wiki/Music_genre" title="Music genre">music genre</a> that first became prominent in the late 1970s and features the <a href="/wiki/Synthesizer" title="Synthesizer">synthesizer</a> as the dominant musical instrument.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> It was prefigured in the 1960s and early 1970s by the use of synthesizers in <a href="/wiki/Progressive_rock" title="Progressive rock">progressive rock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Electronic_music" title="Electronic music">electronic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Art_rock" title="Art rock">art rock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Disco" title="Disco">disco</a>, and particularly the <a href="/wiki/Krautrock" title="Krautrock">Krautrock</a> of bands like <a href="/wiki/Kraftwerk" title="Kraftwerk">Kraftwerk</a>. It arose as a distinct genre in Japan and the United Kingdom in the <a href="/wiki/Post-punk" title="Post-punk">post-punk</a> era as part of the <a href="/wiki/New_wave_music" title="New wave music">new wave</a> movement of the late 1970s. Electronic musical synthesizers that could be used practically in a recording studio became available in the mid-1960s, and the mid-1970s saw the rise of electronic art musicians. After the breakthrough of <a href="/wiki/Gary_Numan" title="Gary Numan">Gary Numan</a> in the <a href="/wiki/UK_Singles_Chart" class="mw-redirect" title="UK Singles Chart">UK Singles Chart</a> in 1979, large numbers of artists began to enjoy success with a synthesizer-based sound in the early 1980s. In Japan, <a href="/wiki/Yellow_Magic_Orchestra" title="Yellow Magic Orchestra">Yellow Magic Orchestra</a> introduced the <a href="/wiki/TR-808" class="mw-redirect" title="TR-808">TR-808</a> rhythm machine to popular music, and the band would be a major influence on early British synth-pop acts. The development of inexpensive <a href="/wiki/Polyphonic_synthesizer" class="mw-redirect" title="Polyphonic synthesizer">polyphonic</a> synthesizers, the definition of <a href="/wiki/MIDI" title="MIDI">MIDI</a> and the use of <a href="/wiki/Dance_music" title="Dance music">dance</a> beats, led to a more commercial and accessible sound for synth-pop. This, its adoption by the style-conscious acts from the <a href="/wiki/New_Romantic" title="New Romantic">New Romantic</a> movement, together with the rise of <a href="/wiki/MTV" title="MTV">MTV</a>, led to success for large numbers of British synth-pop acts in the US during the <a href="/wiki/Second_British_Invasion" title="Second British Invasion">Second British Invasion</a>. The term "techno-pop" was coined by Yuzuru Agi in his critique of Kraftwerk's <a href="/wiki/The_Man-Machine" title="The Man-Machine">The Man-Machine</a> in 1978 and is considered a case of <a href="/wiki/Multiple_discovery" title="Multiple discovery">multiple discovery</a> of naming. Hence, the term can be used interchangeably with "synth-pop", but is more frequently used to describe the scene of Japan.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> The term "techno-pop" became also popular in Europe, where it started: German band Kraftwerk's 1986 album was titled <a href="/wiki/Techno_Pop" class="mw-redirect" title="Techno Pop">Techno Pop</a>; English band <a href="/wiki/The_Buggles" title="The Buggles">the Buggles</a> has a song named <a href="/wiki/The_Age_of_Plastic" title="The Age of Plastic">"Technopop"</a> and Spanish band <a href="/wiki/Mecano" title="Mecano">Mecano</a> described their style as tecno-pop.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> "Synth-pop" is sometimes used interchangeably with "<a href="/wiki/Electropop" title="Electropop">electropop</a>",<a href="#cite_note-electrosynth-12">[12]</a> but "electropop" may also denote a variant of synth-pop that places more emphasis on a harder, more electronic sound.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJones2006107-16">[16]</a> In the mid to late 1980s, duos such as <a href="/wiki/Erasure_(duo)" title="Erasure (duo)">Erasure</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pet_Shop_Boys" title="Pet Shop Boys">Pet Shop Boys</a> adopted a style that was highly successful on the US dance charts, but by the end of the decade, the synth-pop of bands such as <a href="/wiki/A-ha" title="A-ha">A-ha</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alphaville_(band)" title="Alphaville (band)">Alphaville</a> was giving way to <a href="/wiki/House_music" title="House music">house music</a> and <a href="/wiki/Techno" title="Techno">techno</a>. Interest in synth-pop began to revive in the <a href="/wiki/Indietronica" class="mw-redirect" title="Indietronica">indietronica</a> and <a href="/wiki/Electroclash" title="Electroclash">electroclash</a> movements in the late 1990s, and in the 2000s synth-pop enjoyed a widespread revival and commercial success. The genre has received criticism for alleged lack of emotion and musicianship; prominent artists have spoken out against detractors who believed that synthesizers themselves composed and played the songs. Synth-pop music has established a place for the synthesizer as a major element of <a href="/wiki/Pop_music" title="Pop music">pop</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rock_music" title="Rock music">rock music</a>, directly influencing subsequent genres (including <a href="/wiki/House_music" title="House music">house music</a> and <a href="/wiki/Detroit_techno" title="Detroit techno">Detroit techno</a>) and has indirectly influenced many other genres, as well as individual recordings. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Characteristics">Characteristics</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sequential_Circuits_Prophet_5.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A colour photograph of a synthesizer with a keyboard" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Sequential_Circuits_Prophet_5.jpg/220px-Sequential_Circuits_Prophet_5.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Sequential_Circuits_Prophet_5.jpg/330px-Sequential_Circuits_Prophet_5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/Sequential_Circuits_Prophet_5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="386" data-file-height="163" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Prophet-5" title="Prophet-5">Prophet-5</a>, one of the first <a href="/wiki/Polyphonic_synthesizer" class="mw-redirect" title="Polyphonic synthesizer">polyphonic synthesizers</a>. It was widely used in 1980s synth-pop, along with the <a href="/wiki/Roland_Jupiter-4" title="Roland Jupiter-4">Roland Jupiter</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yamaha_DX7" title="Yamaha DX7">Yamaha DX7</a>.</figcaption></figure> Synth-pop is defined by its primary use of synthesizers, <a href="/wiki/Drum_machine" title="Drum machine">drum machines</a> and <a href="/wiki/Music_sequencer" title="Music sequencer">sequencers</a>, sometimes using them to replace all other instruments. Borthwick and Moy have described the genre as diverse but "characterised by a broad set of values that eschewed rock playing styles, rhythms and structures", which were replaced by "synthetic textures" and "robotic rigidity", often defined by the limitations of the new technology,<a href="#cite_note-Borthwick-4">[4]</a> including <a href="/wiki/Monophonic_(synthesizers)" class="mw-redirect" title="Monophonic (synthesizers)">monophonic</a> synthesizers (only able to play one note at a time).<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> Many synth-pop musicians had limited musical skills, relying on the technology to produce or reproduce the music. The result was often minimalist, with grooves that were "typically woven together from simple repeated riffs often with no harmonic 'progression' to speak of".<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> Early synth-pop has been described as "eerie, sterile, and vaguely menacing", using droning electronics with little change in inflection.<a href="#cite_note-AMsynthpop-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-Reynolds2010-20">[20]</a> Common lyrical themes of synth-pop songs were isolation, urban <a href="/wiki/Anomie" title="Anomie">anomie</a>, and feelings of being emotionally cold and hollow.<a href="#cite_note-Reynolds2009-2">[2]</a> In its second phase in the 1980s,<a href="#cite_note-Reynolds2009-2">[2]</a> the introduction of dance beats and more conventional rock instrumentation made the music warmer and catchier and contained within the conventions of three-minute pop.<a href="#cite_note-AMsynthpop-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-Reynolds2010-20">[20]</a> Synthesizers were increasingly used to imitate the conventional and clichéd sound of orchestras and horns. Thin, treble-dominant, synthesized melodies and simple drum programmes gave way to thick, and compressed production, and a more conventional drum sound.<a href="#cite_note-Cateforis2009-21">[21]</a> Lyrics were generally more optimistic, dealing with more traditional subject matter for pop music such as romance, escapism and aspiration.<a href="#cite_note-Reynolds2009-2">[2]</a> According to music writer <a href="/wiki/Simon_Reynolds" title="Simon Reynolds">Simon Reynolds</a>, the hallmark of 1980s synth-pop was its "emotional, at times operatic singers" such as <a href="/wiki/Marc_Almond" title="Marc Almond">Marc Almond</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alison_Moyet" title="Alison Moyet">Alison Moyet</a> and <a href="/wiki/Annie_Lennox" title="Annie Lennox">Annie Lennox</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Reynolds2010-20">[20]</a> Because synthesizers removed the need for large groups of musicians, these singers were often part of a duo where their partner played all the instrumentation.<a href="#cite_note-Reynolds2009-2">[2]</a> Although synth-pop in part arose from <a href="/wiki/Punk_rock" title="Punk rock">punk rock</a>, it abandoned punk's emphasis on authenticity and often pursued a deliberate artificiality, drawing on the critically derided forms such as disco and <a href="/wiki/Glam_rock" title="Glam rock">glam rock</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Borthwick-4">[4]</a> It owed relatively little to the foundations of early popular music in <a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Folk_music" title="Folk music">folk music</a> or the <a href="/wiki/Blues" title="Blues">blues</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Borthwick-4">[4]</a> and instead of looking to America, in its early stages, it consciously focused on European and particularly Eastern European influences, which were reflected in band names like Spandau Ballet and songs like Ultravox's "<a href="/wiki/Vienna_(Ultravox_song)" title="Vienna (Ultravox song)">Vienna</a>".<a href="#cite_note-Reynolds2005p327-22">[22]</a> Later synth-pop saw a shift to a style more influenced by other genres, such as <a href="/wiki/Soul_music" title="Soul music">soul music</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Reynolds2005p327-22">[22]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Precursors">Precursors</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Electronic_music" title="Electronic music">Electronic music</a>, <a href="/wiki/Electronic_rock" title="Electronic rock">Electronic rock</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Electronics_in_rock_music" title="Electronics in rock music">Electronics in rock music</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kraftwerk_by_Ueli_Frey_(1976).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A black and white photograph of four members of Kraftwerk onstage, each with a synthesizer" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Kraftwerk_by_Ueli_Frey_%281976%29.jpg/220px-Kraftwerk_by_Ueli_Frey_%281976%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Kraftwerk_by_Ueli_Frey_%281976%29.jpg/330px-Kraftwerk_by_Ueli_Frey_%281976%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Kraftwerk_by_Ueli_Frey_%281976%29.jpg/440px-Kraftwerk_by_Ueli_Frey_%281976%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="377" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kraftwerk" title="Kraftwerk">Kraftwerk</a>, one of the major influences on synth-pop, in 1976</figcaption></figure> Electronic musical synthesizers that could be used practically in a recording studio became available in the mid-1960s, around the same time as rock music began to emerge as a distinct musical genre.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Mellotron" title="Mellotron">Mellotron</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Electro-mechanical" class="mw-redirect" title="Electro-mechanical">electro-mechanical</a>, <a href="/wiki/Polyphony_(instrument)" class="mw-redirect" title="Polyphony (instrument)">polyphonic</a> <a href="/wiki/Sampling_(music)" title="Sampling (music)">sample-playback</a> keyboard<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> was overtaken by the <a href="/wiki/Moog_synthesizer" title="Moog synthesizer">Moog synthesizer</a>, created by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Moog" title="Robert Moog">Robert Moog</a> in 1964, which produced completely electronically generated sounds. The portable <a href="/wiki/Minimoog" title="Minimoog">Minimoog</a>, which allowed much easier use, particularly in live performance<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> was widely adopted by <a href="/wiki/Progressive_rock" title="Progressive rock">progressive rock</a> musicians such as <a href="/wiki/Richard_Wright_(musician)" title="Richard Wright (musician)">Richard Wright</a> of <a href="/wiki/Pink_Floyd" title="Pink Floyd">Pink Floyd</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rick_Wakeman" title="Rick Wakeman">Rick Wakeman</a> of <a href="/wiki/Yes_(band)" title="Yes (band)">Yes</a>. Instrumental prog rock was particularly significant in continental Europe, allowing bands like <a href="/wiki/Kraftwerk" title="Kraftwerk">Kraftwerk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tangerine_Dream" title="Tangerine Dream">Tangerine Dream</a>, <a href="/wiki/Can_(band)" title="Can (band)">Can</a> and <a href="/wiki/Faust_(band)" title="Faust (band)">Faust</a> to circumvent the language barrier.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> Their synthesizer-heavy "<a href="/wiki/Kraut_rock" class="mw-redirect" title="Kraut rock">Kraut rock</a>", along with the work of <a href="/wiki/Brian_Eno" title="Brian Eno">Brian Eno</a> (for a time the keyboard player with <a href="/wiki/Roxy_Music" title="Roxy Music">Roxy Music</a>), would be a major influence on subsequent synth rock.<a href="#cite_note-Bogdanov2002Prog-27">[27]</a> In 1971, the British film <a href="/wiki/A_Clockwork_Orange_(film)" title="A Clockwork Orange (film)">A Clockwork Orange</a> was released with a synth soundtrack by American <a href="/wiki/Wendy_Carlos" title="Wendy Carlos">Wendy Carlos</a>. It was the first time many in the United Kingdom had heard <a href="/wiki/Electronic_music" title="Electronic music">electronic music</a>.<a href="#cite_note-SynthBritannia-28">[28]</a> <a href="/wiki/Philip_Oakey" title="Philip Oakey">Philip Oakey</a> of <a href="/wiki/The_Human_League" title="The Human League">the Human League</a> and <a href="/wiki/Richard_H._Kirk" title="Richard H. Kirk">Richard H. Kirk</a> of <a href="/wiki/Cabaret_Voltaire_(band)" title="Cabaret Voltaire (band)">Cabaret Voltaire</a>, as well as music journalist Simon Reynolds, have cited the soundtrack as an inspiration.<a href="#cite_note-SynthBritannia-28">[28]</a> Electronic music made occasional moves into the mainstream, with jazz musician <a href="/wiki/Stan_Free" class="mw-redirect" title="Stan Free">Stan Free</a>, under the pseudonym <a href="/wiki/Hot_Butter" title="Hot Butter">Hot Butter</a>, having a top 10 hit in the United States and United Kingdom in 1972, with a cover of the 1969 <a href="/wiki/Gershon_Kingsley" title="Gershon Kingsley">Gershon Kingsley</a> song "<a href="/wiki/Popcorn_(instrumental)" title="Popcorn (instrumental)">Popcorn</a>" using a Moog synthesizer, which is recognised as a forerunner to synth-pop and <a href="/wiki/Disco" title="Disco">disco</a>.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yellow_Magic_Orchestra_in_2008.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A colour photograph of three members of Yellow Magic Orchestra at the front of a stage" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Yellow_Magic_Orchestra_in_2008.jpg/170px-Yellow_Magic_Orchestra_in_2008.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Yellow_Magic_Orchestra_in_2008.jpg/255px-Yellow_Magic_Orchestra_in_2008.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Yellow_Magic_Orchestra_in_2008.jpg/340px-Yellow_Magic_Orchestra_in_2008.jpg 2x" data-file-width="509" data-file-height="583" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Yellow_Magic_Orchestra" title="Yellow Magic Orchestra">Yellow Magic Orchestra</a> in 2008</figcaption></figure> The mid-1970s saw the rise of <a href="/wiki/Electronic_art_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Electronic art music">electronic art musicians</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Jean_Michel_Jarre" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean Michel Jarre">Jean Michel Jarre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vangelis" title="Vangelis">Vangelis</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Isao_Tomita" title="Isao Tomita">Tomita</a>. Tomita's album Electric Samurai: Switched on Rock (1972) featured electronic renditions of contemporary <a href="/wiki/Rock_music" title="Rock music">rock</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pop_music" title="Pop music">pop</a> songs, while utilizing <a href="/wiki/Speech_synthesis" title="Speech synthesis">speech synthesis</a> and analog <a href="/wiki/Music_sequencer" title="Music sequencer">music sequencers</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Jenkins2007pp133-4-30">[30]</a> In 1975, Kraftwerk played their first British show and inspired concert attendees <a href="/wiki/Andy_McCluskey" title="Andy McCluskey">Andy McCluskey</a> and <a href="/wiki/Paul_Humphreys" title="Paul Humphreys">Paul Humphreys</a> – who would later found <a href="/wiki/Orchestral_Manoeuvres_in_the_Dark" title="Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark">Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark</a> (OMD) – to 'throw away their guitars' and become a synth act.<a href="#cite_note-SynthBritannia-28">[28]</a> Kraftwerk had its first hit UK record later in the year with "<a href="/wiki/Autobahn_(song)" title="Autobahn (song)">Autobahn</a>", which reached number 11 in the British Singles Chart and number 12 in Canada. The group was described by the <a href="/wiki/BBC_Four" title="BBC Four">BBC Four</a> program <a href="/wiki/Synth_Britannia" class="mw-redirect" title="Synth Britannia">Synth Britannia</a> as the key to synth-pop's future rise there.<a href="#cite_note-SynthBritannia-28">[28]</a> In 1977, <a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Moroder" title="Giorgio Moroder">Giorgio Moroder</a> released the electronic <a href="/wiki/Eurodisco" title="Eurodisco">Eurodisco</a> song "<a href="/wiki/I_Feel_Love" title="I Feel Love">I Feel Love</a>" that he had produced for <a href="/wiki/Donna_Summer" title="Donna Summer">Donna Summer</a>, and its programmed beats would be a major influence on the later synth-pop sound.<a href="#cite_note-Borthwick-4">[4]</a> <a href="/wiki/David_Bowie" title="David Bowie">David Bowie</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Berlin_Trilogy" title="Berlin Trilogy">Berlin Trilogy</a>, comprising the albums <a href="/wiki/Low_(David_Bowie_album)" title="Low (David Bowie album)">Low</a> (1977), <a href="/wiki/%22Heroes%22_(David_Bowie_album)" class="mw-redirect" title=""Heroes" (David Bowie album)">"Heroes"</a> (1977), and <a href="/wiki/Lodger_(album)" title="Lodger (album)">Lodger</a> (1979), all featuring Brian Eno, would also be highly influential.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Cat_Stevens" title="Cat Stevens">Cat Stevens</a> album <a href="/wiki/Izitso" title="Izitso">Izitso</a>, released in April 1977, updated his <a href="/wiki/Pop_rock" title="Pop rock">pop rock</a> style with the extensive use of synthesizers,<a href="#cite_note-amg_izitso-32">[32]</a> giving it a more synth-pop style; "Was Dog a Doughnut" in particular was an early techno-pop fusion track,<a href="#cite_note-wire_1996-33">[33]</a> which made early use of a <a href="/wiki/Music_sequencer" title="Music sequencer">music sequencer</a>. Izitso reached No. 7 on the <a href="/wiki/Billboard_200" title="Billboard 200">Billboard 200</a> chart, while the song "(Remember the Days of the) Old Schoolyard" was a top 40 hit.<a href="#cite_note-amg_izitso-32">[32]</a> That same month, <a href="/wiki/The_Beach_Boys" title="The Beach Boys">the Beach Boys</a> released their album <a href="/wiki/Love_You_(The_Beach_Boys_album)" class="mw-redirect" title="Love You (The Beach Boys album)">Love You</a>, performed almost entirely by bandleader <a href="/wiki/Brian_Wilson" title="Brian Wilson">Brian Wilson</a> with Moog and <a href="/wiki/ARP_Instruments" title="ARP Instruments">ARP</a> synthesizers,<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> and with arrangements somewhat inspired by Wendy Carlos's <a href="/wiki/Switched-On_Bach" title="Switched-On Bach">Switched-On Bach</a> (1968).<a href="#cite_note-CarolineNow-35">[35]</a> Although it was highly praised by some critics and musicians (including <a href="/wiki/Patti_Smith" title="Patti Smith">Patti Smith</a><a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lester_Bangs" title="Lester Bangs">Lester Bangs</a><a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a>), the album met with poor commercial reception. The album has been considered revolutionary in its use of synthesizers,<a href="#cite_note-CarolineNow-35">[35]</a> while others described Wilson's extensive use of the Moog synthesizer as a "loopy <a href="/wiki/Funhouse" title="Funhouse">funhouse</a> ambience"<a href="#cite_note-SchinderSchwartz2008-38">[38]</a> and an early example of synth-pop.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origins:_New_wave_and_post-punk_(1977–1980)">Origins: New wave and post-punk (1977–1980)</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/New_wave_music" title="New wave music">New wave music</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gary_Numan_playing.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A colour photograph of Gary Numan performing onstage with a guitar and microphone" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Gary_Numan_playing.jpg/170px-Gary_Numan_playing.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="251" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Gary_Numan_playing.jpg/255px-Gary_Numan_playing.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Gary_Numan_playing.jpg/340px-Gary_Numan_playing.jpg 2x" data-file-width="352" data-file-height="519" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Gary_Numan" title="Gary Numan">Gary Numan</a> performing in 1980</figcaption></figure> Early guitar-based <a href="/wiki/Punk_rock" title="Punk rock">punk rock</a> that came to prominence in the period 1976–77 was initially hostile to the "inauthentic" sound of the synthesizer,<a href="#cite_note-Borthwick-4">[4]</a> but many <a href="/wiki/New_wave_music" title="New wave music">new wave</a> and <a href="/wiki/Post-punk" title="Post-punk">post-punk</a> bands that emerged from the movement began to adopt it as a major part of their sound. British punk and new wave clubs were open to what was then considered an "alternative" sound.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-Concepcion-41">[41]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Do_it_yourself" title="Do it yourself">do it yourself</a> attitude of punk broke down the progressive rock era's norm of needing years of experience before getting up on stage to play synthesizers.<a href="#cite_note-SynthBritannia-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-Concepcion-41">[41]</a> The American duo <a href="/wiki/Suicide_(band)" title="Suicide (band)">Suicide</a>, who arose from the post-punk scene in New York, utilised drum machines and synthesizers in a hybrid between electronics and post-punk on their <a href="/wiki/Suicide_(1977_album)" title="Suicide (1977 album)">eponymous 1977 album</a>.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> Around this time, <a href="/wiki/Ultravox" title="Ultravox">Ultravox</a> member <a href="/wiki/Warren_Cann" title="Warren Cann">Warren Cann</a> purchased a <a href="/wiki/Roland_Corporation" title="Roland Corporation">Roland</a> <a href="/wiki/Roland_Rhythm_77" class="mw-redirect" title="Roland Rhythm 77">TR-77</a> <a href="/wiki/Drum_machine" title="Drum machine">drum machine</a>, which was first featured in their October 1977 single release "<a href="/wiki/Hiroshima_Mon_Amour" class="mw-redirect" title="Hiroshima Mon Amour">Hiroshima Mon Amour</a>".<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> <a href="/wiki/Be-Bop_Deluxe" title="Be-Bop Deluxe">Be-Bop Deluxe</a> released <a href="/wiki/Drastic_Plastic" title="Drastic Plastic">Drastic Plastic</a> in February 1978, leading off with the single "Electrical Language" with <a href="/wiki/Bill_Nelson_(musician)" title="Bill Nelson (musician)">Bill Nelson</a> on guitar synthesizer and <a href="/wiki/Andy_Clark_(musician)" title="Andy Clark (musician)">Andy Clark</a> on synthesizers. Japanese band <a href="/wiki/Yellow_Magic_Orchestra" title="Yellow Magic Orchestra">Yellow Magic Orchestra</a> (YMO) with their <a href="/wiki/Yellow_Magic_Orchestra_(album)" title="Yellow Magic Orchestra (album)">self-titled album</a> (1978)<a href="#cite_note-Stout2011-44">[44]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Solid_State_Survivor" title="Solid State Survivor">Solid State Survivor</a> (1979), developed a "fun-loving and breezy" sound,<a href="#cite_note-Bogdanov2001p516-45">[45]</a> with a strong emphasis on <a href="/wiki/Melody" title="Melody">melody</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Stout2011-44">[44]</a> They introduced the <a href="/wiki/TR-808" class="mw-redirect" title="TR-808">TR-808</a> rhythm machine to <a href="/wiki/Popular_music" title="Popular music">popular music</a>,<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> and the band would be a major influence on early British synth-pop acts.<a href="#cite_note-Lewis2008-47">[47]</a> 1978 also saw the release of UK band <a href="/wiki/The_Human_League" title="The Human League">the Human League</a>'s debut single "<a href="/wiki/Being_Boiled" title="Being Boiled">Being Boiled</a>" and <a href="/wiki/The_Normal" title="The Normal">The Normal</a>'s "<a href="/wiki/Warm_Leatherette" title="Warm Leatherette">Warm Leatherette</a>", which both are regarded as seminal works in early synth-pop.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> Sheffield band <a href="/wiki/Cabaret_Voltaire_(band)" title="Cabaret Voltaire (band)">Cabaret Voltaire</a> are also regarded as pioneers of the late 1970s that influenced the emerging synth-pop in Britain.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> In America, post-punk band <a href="/wiki/Devo" title="Devo">Devo</a> began moving towards a more electronic sound. At this point synth-pop gained some critical attention, but made little impact on the commercial charts.<a href="#cite_note-Reynolds2005pp340&342-3-50">[50]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:30%; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> "This is a finger, this is another... now write a song" </blockquote> <div style="padding-bottom: 0; padding-top: 0.5em"><cite class="left-aligned" style="">—This quote is a take on the punk manifesto This is a chord, this is another, this is a third...now start a band celebrating the virtues of amateur musicianship first appeared in a fanzine in December 1976.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a></cite></div> </div> British punk-influenced band <a href="/wiki/Tubeway_Army" title="Tubeway Army">Tubeway Army</a>, intended their debut album to be guitar driven. In late 1978, <a href="/wiki/Gary_Numan" title="Gary Numan">Gary Numan</a>, a member of the group, found a <a href="/wiki/Minimoog" title="Minimoog">minimoog</a> left behind in the studio by another band, and started experimenting with it.<a href="#cite_note-Reynolds2005pp278US-52">[52]</a> This led to a change in the album's sound to electronic new wave.<a href="#cite_note-Reynolds2005pp278US-52">[52]</a> Numan later described his work on this album as a guitarist playing keyboards, who turned "punk songs into electronic songs".<a href="#cite_note-Reynolds2005pp278US-52">[52]</a> A single from the second Tubeway Army album <a href="/wiki/Replicas_(album)" title="Replicas (album)">Replicas</a>, "<a href="/wiki/Are_Friends_Electric%3F" class="mw-redirect" title="Are Friends Electric?">Are Friends Electric?</a>", topped the UK charts in the summer of 1979.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated3-53">[53]</a> The discovery that synthesizers could be employed in a different manner from that used in progressive rock or disco, prompted Numan to go solo.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated3-53">[53]</a> On his futuristic album <a href="/wiki/The_Pleasure_Principle_(Gary_Numan_album)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Pleasure Principle (Gary Numan album)">The Pleasure Principle</a> (1979), he played only synths, but retained a bass guitarist and a drummer for the rhythm section.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated3-53">[53]</a> A single from the album, "<a href="/wiki/Cars_(song)" title="Cars (song)">Cars</a>" topped the charts.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> Numan's main influence at the time was the <a href="/wiki/John_Foxx" title="John Foxx">John Foxx</a>-led new wave band <a href="/wiki/Ultravox" title="Ultravox">Ultravox</a> who released the album <a href="/wiki/Systems_of_Romance" title="Systems of Romance">Systems of Romance</a> in 1978. Foxx left Ultravox the following year and scored a synth-pop hit with the single "<a href="/wiki/Underpass_(song)" title="Underpass (song)">Underpass</a>" from his first solo album <a href="/wiki/Metamatic" title="Metamatic">Metamatic</a> in early 1980.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> In 1979, <a href="/wiki/Orchestral_Manoeuvres_in_the_Dark" title="Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark">OMD</a> released their debut single "<a href="/wiki/Electricity_(Orchestral_Manoeuvres_in_the_Dark_song)" title="Electricity (Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark song)">Electricity</a>", which has been viewed as integral to the rise of synth-pop.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> This was followed by a series of landmark releases within the genre, including the 1980 hit singles "<a href="/wiki/Messages_(Orchestral_Manoeuvres_in_the_Dark_song)" title="Messages (Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark song)">Messages</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/Enola_Gay_(song)" title="Enola Gay (song)">Enola Gay</a>".<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> OMD became one of the most influential acts of the period,<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> introducing the "synth duo" format to British music.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> <a href="/wiki/Vince_Clarke" title="Vince Clarke">Vince Clarke</a>, who co-founded the popular synth-pop groups <a href="/wiki/Depeche_Mode" title="Depeche Mode">Depeche Mode</a>, <a href="/wiki/Erasure_(duo)" title="Erasure (duo)">Erasure</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yazoo_(band)" title="Yazoo (band)">Yazoo</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Assembly" title="The Assembly">the Assembly</a>, has cited OMD as his inspiration to become an electronic musician.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> Bandleaders <a href="/wiki/Andy_McCluskey" title="Andy McCluskey">Andy McCluskey</a> and <a href="/wiki/Paul_Humphreys" title="Paul Humphreys">Paul Humphreys</a> have been described in the media as "the <a href="/wiki/Lennon%E2%80%93McCartney" title="Lennon–McCartney">Lennon–McCartney</a> of synth-pop".<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> Giorgio Moroder collaborated with the band <a href="/wiki/Sparks_(band)" title="Sparks (band)">Sparks</a> on their album <a href="/wiki/No._1_In_Heaven" class="mw-redirect" title="No. 1 In Heaven">No. 1 In Heaven</a> (1979). That same year in Japan, the synth-pop band <a href="/wiki/P-Model" title="P-Model">P-Model</a> made its debut with the album <a href="/wiki/In_a_Model_Room" title="In a Model Room">In a Model Room</a>. Other Japanese synth-pop groups emerging around the same time included the <a href="/wiki/Plastics_(band)" title="Plastics (band)">Plastics</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hikashu" title="Hikashu">Hikashu</a>.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> This zeitgeist of revolution in electronic music performance and recording/production was encapsulated by then would-be record producer <a href="/wiki/Trevor_Horn" title="Trevor Horn">Trevor Horn</a> of <a href="/wiki/The_Buggles" title="The Buggles">the Buggles</a> in the single "<a href="/wiki/Video_Killed_the_Radio_Star" title="Video Killed the Radio Star">Video Killed the Radio Star</a>"; the song topped the UK charts in October 1979 and it also became an international hit; two years later it was the first song aired on MTV.<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> <a href="/wiki/Geoff_Downes" title="Geoff Downes">Geoff Downes</a>, keyboardist for the Buggles, states, "When we did a rerecorded version for <a href="/wiki/Top_of_the_Pops" title="Top of the Pops">Top of the Pops</a>, the Musicians’ Union bloke said, "If I think you’re making strings sounds out of a synthesizer, I’m going to have you. Video Killed the Radio Star is putting musicians out of business."<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> 1980 also saw the release of where "Video Killed the Radio Star" came from, the Buggles' debut album <a href="/wiki/The_Age_of_Plastic" title="The Age of Plastic">The Age of Plastic</a>, which some writers have labeled as the first landmark of another electropop era,<a href="#cite_note-Ianpeel-70">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-Buggles_Rehearsal-71">[71]</a> as well as what for many is the defining album of Devo's career, the overtly synth-pop <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_Choice_(album)" title="Freedom of Choice (album)">Freedom of Choice</a>.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Commercial_success_(1981–1985)">Commercial success (1981–1985)</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/New_Romantic" title="New Romantic">New Romantic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Second_British_Invasion" title="Second British Invasion">Second British Invasion</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ultravox_04111981_01_600.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A colour photograph of members of Midge Ure of the band Ultravox performing on a stage with a microphone and a guitar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Ultravox_04111981_01_600.jpg/220px-Ultravox_04111981_01_600.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Ultravox_04111981_01_600.jpg/330px-Ultravox_04111981_01_600.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Ultravox_04111981_01_600.jpg/440px-Ultravox_04111981_01_600.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="388" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Midge_Ure" title="Midge Ure">Midge Ure</a> performing with <a href="/wiki/Ultravox" title="Ultravox">Ultravox</a> in <a href="/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo">Oslo</a> in 1981</figcaption></figure> The emergence of synth-pop has been described as "perhaps the single most significant event in <a href="/wiki/Melodic_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Melodic music">melodic music</a> since <a href="/wiki/Beat_music" title="Beat music">Mersey-beat</a>". By the 1980s synthesizers had become much cheaper and easier to use.<a href="#cite_note-Reynolds2005p328-73">[73]</a> After the definition of <a href="/wiki/MIDI" title="MIDI">MIDI</a> in 1982 and the development of <a href="/wiki/Digital_audio" title="Digital audio">digital audio</a>, the creation of purely electronic sounds and their manipulation became much simpler.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> Synthesizers came to dominate the pop music of the early 1980s, particularly through their adoption by bands of the <a href="/wiki/New_Romantic" title="New Romantic">New Romantic</a> movement.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> Despite synth-pop's origins in the late 1970s among <a href="/wiki/New_wave_music" title="New wave music">new wave</a> bands like Tubeway Army and Devo, British journalists and music critics largely abandoned the term "new wave" in the early 1980s.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> This was in part due to the rise of new artists unaffiliated with the preceding punk/new wave era, as well as aesthetic changes associated with synth-pop's movement into the pop mainstream. According to authors Stuart Borthwick and Ron Moy, "After the monochrome blacks and greys of punk/new wave, synthpop was promoted by a youth media interested in people who wanted to be pop stars, such as <a href="/wiki/Boy_George" title="Boy George">Boy George</a> and <a href="/wiki/Adam_Ant" title="Adam Ant">Adam Ant</a>".<a href="#cite_note-Borthwick-4">[4]</a> The New Romantic scene had developed in the London nightclubs Billy's and the Blitz and was associated with bands such as Duran Duran, <a href="/wiki/Visage_(band)" title="Visage (band)">Visage</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Spandau_Ballet" title="Spandau Ballet">Spandau Ballet</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Rimmer2003-77">[77]</a> They adopted an elaborate visual style that combined elements of <a href="/wiki/Glam_rock" title="Glam rock">glam rock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Science_fiction" title="Science fiction">science fiction</a> and <a href="/wiki/Romanticism" title="Romanticism">romanticism</a>. Spandau Ballet were the first band of the movement to have a hit single as the synth-driven "<a href="/wiki/To_Cut_a_Long_Story_Short" title="To Cut a Long Story Short">To Cut a Long Story Short</a>" reached number 5 on the UK Singles Chart in December 1980.<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> Visage's "<a href="/wiki/Fade_to_Grey_(Visage_song)" title="Fade to Grey (Visage song)">Fade to Grey</a>", characteristic of synth-pop and a major influence on the genre,<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> reached the top ten a few weeks later.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> Duran Duran have been credited with incorporating dance beats into synth-pop to produce a catchier and warmer sound, which provided them with a series of hit singles,<a href="#cite_note-AMsynthpop-19">[19]</a> beginning with their debut single "<a href="/wiki/Planet_Earth_(Duran_Duran_song)" title="Planet Earth (Duran Duran song)">Planet Earth</a>" and the UK top five hit "<a href="/wiki/Girls_on_Film" title="Girls on Film">Girls on Film</a>" in 1981.<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> They would soon be followed into the British charts by a large number of bands utilising synthesizers to create catchy three-minute pop songs.<a href="#cite_note-Cateforis2009-21">[21]</a> In summer 1981 <a href="/wiki/Depeche_Mode" title="Depeche Mode">Depeche Mode</a> had their first chart success with "<a href="/wiki/New_Life_(song)" title="New Life (song)">New Life</a>", followed by the UK top ten hit "<a href="/wiki/Just_Can%27t_Get_Enough_(Depeche_Mode_song)" title="Just Can't Get Enough (Depeche Mode song)">Just Can't Get Enough</a>".<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> A new line-up for <a href="/wiki/The_Human_League" title="The Human League">the Human League</a> along with a new producer and a more commercial sound led to the album <a href="/wiki/Dare_(album)" title="Dare (album)">Dare</a> (1981), which produced a series of hit singles. These included "<a href="/wiki/Don%27t_You_Want_Me" title="Don't You Want Me">Don't You Want Me</a>", which reached number one in the UK at the end of 1981.<a href="#cite_note-Reynolds2005pp330-2-83">[83]</a> Synth-pop reached its commercial peak in the UK in the winter of 1981–2, with bands such as <a href="/wiki/Orchestral_Manoeuvres_in_the_Dark" title="Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark">OMD</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japan_(band)" title="Japan (band)">Japan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ultravox" title="Ultravox">Ultravox</a>, <a href="/wiki/Soft_Cell" title="Soft Cell">Soft Cell</a>, Depeche Mode, <a href="/wiki/Yazoo_(band)" title="Yazoo (band)">Yazoo</a> and even <a href="/wiki/Kraftwerk" title="Kraftwerk">Kraftwerk</a>, enjoying top ten hits. The Human League's and Soft Cell's UK number one singles "Don't You Want Me" and "<a href="/wiki/Tainted_Love" title="Tainted Love">Tainted Love</a>" became the best selling singles in the UK in 1981.<a href="#cite_note-officialcharts.com-84">[84]</a> In early 1982 synthesizers were so dominant that the <a href="/wiki/Musicians%27_Union_(United_Kingdom)" title="Musicians' Union (United Kingdom)">Musicians' Union</a> attempted to limit their use.<a href="#cite_note-Reynolds2005pp334-5-85">[85]</a> By the end of 1982, these acts had been joined in the charts by synth-based singles from <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Dolby" title="Thomas Dolby">Thomas Dolby</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blancmange_(band)" title="Blancmange (band)">Blancmange</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tears_for_Fears" title="Tears for Fears">Tears for Fears</a>. Bands such as <a href="/wiki/Simple_Minds" title="Simple Minds">Simple Minds</a> also adopted synth-pop into their music on their 1982 album <a href="/wiki/New_Gold_Dream_(81%E2%80%9382%E2%80%9383%E2%80%9384)" title="New Gold Dream (81–82–83–84)">New Gold Dream (81–82–83–84)</a>.<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> <a href="/wiki/ABC_(band)" title="ABC (band)">ABC</a> and <a href="/wiki/Heaven_17" title="Heaven 17">Heaven 17</a> had commercial success mixing synth-pop with influences from <a href="/wiki/Funk" title="Funk">funk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Soul_music" title="Soul music">soul music</a>.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a><a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> Dutch entertainer <a href="/wiki/Taco_(musician)" title="Taco (musician)">Taco</a>, who has a background in musical theatre, released his own synth-driven re-imagining of Irving Berlin's "<a href="/wiki/Puttin%27_On_the_Ritz" title="Puttin' On the Ritz">Puttin' On the Ritz</a>"; resulting in a subsequent long-play, <a href="/wiki/After_Eight_(album)" title="After Eight (album)">After Eight</a>, a concept album that takes music of 1930s sensibilities as informed by the soundscape of 1980s technology. The proliferation of acts led to an anti-synth backlash, with groups including Spandau Ballet, Human League, Soft Cell and ABC incorporating more conventional influences and instruments into their sounds.<a href="#cite_note-Reynolds2005p342-89">[89]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Eurythmics_Rock_am_Ring_1987.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Eurythmics_Rock_am_Ring_1987.jpg/220px-Eurythmics_Rock_am_Ring_1987.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Eurythmics_Rock_am_Ring_1987.jpg/330px-Eurythmics_Rock_am_Ring_1987.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Eurythmics_Rock_am_Ring_1987.jpg/440px-Eurythmics_Rock_am_Ring_1987.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1391" data-file-height="869" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Eurythmics" title="Eurythmics">Eurythmics</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dave_Stewart_(Eurythmics)" title="Dave Stewart (Eurythmics)">Dave Stewart</a> and <a href="/wiki/Annie_Lennox" title="Annie Lennox">Annie Lennox</a>) on stage in Germany in 1987.</figcaption></figure> In the US (unlike the UK), where synth-pop is sometimes considered a "subgenre" of "new wave" and was described as "technopop" or "electropop" by the press at the time,<a href="#cite_note-Cateforis-90">[90]</a> the genre became popular due to the cable music channel <a href="/wiki/MTV" title="MTV">MTV</a>, which reached the media capitals of New York City and <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a> in 1982. It made heavy use of style-conscious New Romantic synth-pop acts,<a href="#cite_note-Cateforis2009-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-Reynolds2005pp340&342-3-50">[50]</a> with "<a href="/wiki/I_Ran_(So_Far_Away)" title="I Ran (So Far Away)">I Ran (So Far Away)</a>" (1982) by <a href="/wiki/A_Flock_of_Seagulls" title="A Flock of Seagulls">A Flock of Seagulls</a> generally considered the first hit by a British act to enter the Billboard top ten as a result of exposure through video.<a href="#cite_note-Reynolds2005pp340&342-3-50">[50]</a> The switch to a "<a href="/wiki/New_Music_(music_industry)" class="mw-redirect" title="New Music (music industry)">new music</a>" format in US radio stations was also significant in the success of British bands.<a href="#cite_note-Reynolds2005pp340&342-3-50">[50]</a> Reaching No. 2 in the UK in March 1983 and No. 1 on the US <a href="/wiki/Billboard_Hot_100" title="Billboard Hot 100">Billboard Hot 100</a> six months later, Rolling Stone called Eurythmics' single "<a href="/wiki/Sweet_Dreams_(Are_Made_of_This)" title="Sweet Dreams (Are Made of This)">Sweet Dreams (Are Made of This)</a>" "a synth-pop masterpiece".<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> <a href="/wiki/Bananarama" title="Bananarama">Bananarama</a>'s 1983 synth-pop song "<a href="/wiki/Cruel_Summer_(Bananarama_song)" title="Cruel Summer (Bananarama song)">Cruel Summer</a>" became an instant UK hit before having similar success in the US the following year.<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> The success of synth-pop and other British acts would be seen as a <a href="/wiki/Second_British_Invasion" title="Second British Invasion">Second British Invasion</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Reynolds2005pp340&342-3-50">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> In his early 1980s columns for <a href="/wiki/The_Village_Voice" title="The Village Voice">The Village Voice</a>, music critic <a href="/wiki/Robert_Christgau" title="Robert Christgau">Robert Christgau</a> frequently referred to British synth-pop as "Anglodisco", suggesting a parallel to the contemporary genres of <a href="/wiki/Eurodisco" title="Eurodisco">Eurodisco</a> and <a href="/wiki/Italo_disco" title="Italo disco">Italo disco</a>, both highly popular outside the US.<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a><a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> Indeed, synth-pop was taken up across the world alongside the continuing presence of <a href="/wiki/Disco" title="Disco">disco</a>, with international hits for German synth-pop as well as Eurodisco acts including <a href="/wiki/Peter_Schilling" title="Peter Schilling">Peter Schilling</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sandra_Cretu" class="mw-redirect" title="Sandra Cretu">Sandra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Modern_Talking" title="Modern Talking">Modern Talking</a>, <a href="/wiki/Propaganda_(band)" title="Propaganda (band)">Propaganda</a>,<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alphaville_(band)" title="Alphaville (band)">Alphaville</a>. Other non-British groups scoring synth-pop hits were <a href="/wiki/Men_Without_Hats" title="Men Without Hats">Men Without Hats</a> and <a href="/wiki/Trans-X" title="Trans-X">Trans-X</a> from Canada, <a href="/wiki/Telex_(band)" title="Telex (band)">Telex</a> from Belgium, <a href="/wiki/Yello" title="Yello">Yello</a> from Switzerland,<a href="#cite_note-Jenkins2007p171-99">[99]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Azul_y_Negro" title="Azul y Negro">Azul y Negro</a> from Spain. The synth-pop scene of Yugoslavia spawned a large number of acts,<a href="#cite_note-top_10_yu-100">[100]</a><a href="#cite_note-five_great_yu-101">[101]</a><a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> a number of them enjoying huge mainstream popularity in the country, like <a href="/wiki/Beograd_(band)" title="Beograd (band)">Beograd</a>,<a href="#cite_note-janjatović35-103">[103]</a> <a href="/wiki/Laki_Pingvini" title="Laki Pingvini">Laki Pingvini</a>,<a href="#cite_note-janjatović172-104">[104]</a> <a href="/wiki/Denis_%26_Denis" title="Denis & Denis">Denis & Denis</a>,<a href="#cite_note-janjatović80-105">[105]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Videosex" title="Videosex">Videosex</a>.<a href="#cite_note-janjatović313-106">[106]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Trevor_Horn_(cropped2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Trevor_Horn_%28cropped2%29.jpg/170px-Trevor_Horn_%28cropped2%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="235" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Trevor_Horn_%28cropped2%29.jpg/255px-Trevor_Horn_%28cropped2%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Trevor_Horn_%28cropped2%29.jpg/340px-Trevor_Horn_%28cropped2%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1548" data-file-height="2141" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Trevor_Horn" title="Trevor Horn">Trevor Horn</a> (pictured in 1984), frontman of British new wave synth-pop group the Buggles, also produced Frankie Goes to Hollywood's 1984 album <a href="/wiki/Welcome_to_the_Pleasuredome" title="Welcome to the Pleasuredome">Welcome to the Pleasuredome</a></figcaption></figure> In the mid-1980s, key artists included solo performer <a href="/wiki/Howard_Jones_(British_musician)" title="Howard Jones (British musician)">Howard Jones</a>, who S.T. Erlewine has stated to have "merged the technology-intensive sound of new wave with the cheery optimism of hippies and late-'60s pop",<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> (although with notable exceptions including the lyrics of "<a href="/wiki/What_Is_Love%3F_(Howard_Jones_song)" title="What Is Love? (Howard Jones song)">What Is Love?</a>" – "Does anybody love anybody anyway?") and <a href="/wiki/Nik_Kershaw" title="Nik Kershaw">Nik Kershaw</a>, whose "well-crafted synth-pop"<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> incorporated guitars and other more traditional pop influences that particularly appealed to a teen audience.<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> Pursuing a more dance-orientated sound were <a href="/wiki/Bronski_Beat" title="Bronski Beat">Bronski Beat</a> whose album <a href="/wiki/The_Age_of_Consent_(Bronski_Beat_album)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Age of Consent (Bronski Beat album)">The Age of Consent</a> (1984), dealing with issues of homophobia and alienation, reached the top 20 in the UK and top 40 in the US.<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thompson_Twins" title="Thompson Twins">Thompson Twins</a>, whose popularity peaked in 1984 with the album <a href="/wiki/Into_the_Gap" title="Into the Gap">Into the Gap</a>, which reached No.1 in the UK and the US top ten and spawned several top ten singles.<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> In 1984, <a href="/wiki/Frankie_Goes_to_Hollywood" title="Frankie Goes to Hollywood">Frankie Goes to Hollywood</a> released their debut album <a href="/wiki/Welcome_to_the_Pleasuredome" title="Welcome to the Pleasuredome">Welcome to the Pleasuredome</a> (produced by <a href="/wiki/Trevor_Horn" title="Trevor Horn">Trevor Horn</a> of the Buggles), with their first three singles, "<a href="/wiki/Relax_(song)" title="Relax (song)">Relax</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Two_Tribes" title="Two Tribes">Two Tribes</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/The_Power_of_Love_(Frankie_Goes_to_Hollywood_song)" title="The Power of Love (Frankie Goes to Hollywood song)">The Power of Love</a>", topping the UK chart.<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> The music journalist <a href="/wiki/Paul_Lester" title="Paul Lester">Paul Lester</a> reflected, "no band has dominated a 12-month period like Frankie ruled 1984".<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> In January 1985, Tears for Fears' single "<a href="/wiki/Shout_(Tears_for_Fears_song)" title="Shout (Tears for Fears song)">Shout</a>", written by <a href="/wiki/Roland_Orzabal" title="Roland Orzabal">Roland Orzabal</a> in his "front room on just a small synthesizer and a drum machine", became their fourth top 5 UK hit; it would later top the charts in multiple countries including the US.<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> Initially dismissed in the music press as a "teeny bop sensation" were Norwegian band <a href="/wiki/A-ha" title="A-ha">a-ha</a>, whose use of guitars and real drums produced an accessible form of synth-pop, which, along with an MTV friendly video, took their 1985 single "<a href="/wiki/Take_On_Me" title="Take On Me">Take On Me</a>" to number two in the UK and number one in the US.<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Declining_popularity_(1986–2000)">Declining popularity (1986–2000)</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pet_shop_boys_boston_concert.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A colour photograph of the two members of the Pet Shop Boys on a stage with a synthesizer and a microphone respectively" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Pet_shop_boys_boston_concert.jpg/170px-Pet_shop_boys_boston_concert.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Pet_shop_boys_boston_concert.jpg/255px-Pet_shop_boys_boston_concert.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Pet_shop_boys_boston_concert.jpg/340px-Pet_shop_boys_boston_concert.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Pet_Shop_Boys" title="Pet Shop Boys">Pet Shop Boys</a> performing in 2006.</figcaption></figure> Synth-pop continued into the late 1980s, with a format that moved closer to dance music, including the work of acts such as British duos <a href="/wiki/Pet_Shop_Boys" title="Pet Shop Boys">Pet Shop Boys</a>,<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> <a href="/wiki/Erasure_(duo)" title="Erasure (duo)">Erasure</a><a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Communards" title="The Communards">the Communards</a>. The Communards' major hits were covers of disco classics "<a href="/wiki/Don%27t_Leave_Me_This_Way" title="Don't Leave Me This Way">Don't Leave Me This Way</a>" (1986) and "<a href="/wiki/Never_Can_Say_Goodbye" title="Never Can Say Goodbye">Never Can Say Goodbye</a>" (1987).<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a><a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> After adding other elements to their sound, and with the help of a gay audience, several synth-pop acts had success on the US dance charts. Among these were American acts <a href="/wiki/Information_Society_(band)" title="Information Society (band)">Information Society</a> (who had two top 10 singles in 1988),<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> <a href="/wiki/Anything_Box" title="Anything Box">Anything Box</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Red_Flag_(band)" title="Red Flag (band)">Red Flag</a>.<a href="#cite_note-McNett1999-121">[121]</a><a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> British band <a href="/wiki/When_in_Rome_(band)" title="When in Rome (band)">When in Rome</a> scored a hit with their debut single "<a href="/wiki/The_Promise_(When_in_Rome_song)" title="The Promise (When in Rome song)">The Promise</a>". Several German synth-pop acts of the late 1980s included <a href="/wiki/Camouflage_(band)" title="Camouflage (band)">Camouflage</a><a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Celebrate_the_Nun" title="Celebrate the Nun">Celebrate the Nun</a>.<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> Canadian duo <a href="/wiki/Kon_Kan" title="Kon Kan">Kon Kan</a> had major success with their debut single, "<a href="/wiki/I_Beg_Your_Pardon" title="I Beg Your Pardon">I Beg Your Pardon</a>" in 1989.<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a><a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a> An American backlash against European synth-pop has been seen as beginning in the mid-1980s with the rise of <a href="/wiki/Heartland_rock" title="Heartland rock">heartland rock</a> and <a href="/wiki/Roots_rock" title="Roots rock">roots rock</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Reynolds2005p535-127">[127]</a> In the UK the arrival of <a href="/wiki/Indie_rock" title="Indie rock">indie rock</a> bands, particularly <a href="/wiki/The_Smiths" title="The Smiths">the Smiths</a>, has been seen as marking the end of synth-driven pop and the beginning of the guitar-based music that would dominate rock into the 1990s.<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a><a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a> By 1991, in the United States synth-pop was losing its commercial viability as alternative radio stations were responding to the popularity of <a href="/wiki/Grunge" title="Grunge">grunge</a>.<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a> Exceptions that continued to pursue forms of synth-pop or rock in the 1990s were <a href="/wiki/Savage_Garden" title="Savage Garden">Savage Garden</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Rentals" title="The Rentals">the Rentals</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Moog_Cookbook" title="The Moog Cookbook">the Moog Cookbook</a>.<a href="#cite_note-McNett1999-121">[121]</a> Electronic music was also explored from the early 1990s by <a href="/wiki/Indietronica" class="mw-redirect" title="Indietronica">indietronica</a> bands like <a href="/wiki/Stereolab" title="Stereolab">Stereolab</a>, <a href="/wiki/EMF_(band)" title="EMF (band)">EMF</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Utah_Saints" title="Utah Saints">Utah Saints</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Disco_Inferno" title="Disco Inferno">Disco Inferno</a>, who mixed a variety of indie and synthesizer sounds.<a href="#cite_note-AMIndieElectronic-131">[131]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="21st-century_revival_(2000s–present)">21st-century revival (2000s–present)</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Electropop#21st_century" title="Electropop">Electropop § 21st century</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:La_Roux_Eleanor_Elly_Jackson.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A colour photograph of Elly Jackson with microphone" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/La_Roux_Eleanor_Elly_Jackson.jpg/170px-La_Roux_Eleanor_Elly_Jackson.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/La_Roux_Eleanor_Elly_Jackson.jpg/255px-La_Roux_Eleanor_Elly_Jackson.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/La_Roux_Eleanor_Elly_Jackson.jpg/340px-La_Roux_Eleanor_Elly_Jackson.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2056" data-file-height="2898" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Elly_Jackson" class="mw-redirect" title="Elly Jackson">Elly Jackson</a> of <a href="/wiki/La_Roux" title="La Roux">La Roux</a> performing in 2010</figcaption></figure> Indietronica began to take off in the new millennium as the new digital technology developed, with acts such as <a href="/wiki/Broadcast_(band)" title="Broadcast (band)">Broadcast</a> from the UK, <a href="/wiki/Justice_(French_band)" class="mw-redirect" title="Justice (French band)">Justice</a> from France, <a href="/wiki/Lali_Puna" title="Lali Puna">Lali Puna</a> from Germany, and <a href="/wiki/Ratatat" title="Ratatat">Ratatat</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Postal_Service" title="The Postal Service">the Postal Service</a> from the US, mixing a variety of indie sounds with electronic music, largely produced on small independent labels.<a href="#cite_note-AMIndieElectronic-131">[131]</a><a href="#cite_note-Leckart-132">[132]</a> Similarly, the <a href="/wiki/Electroclash" title="Electroclash">electroclash</a> subgenre began in New York at the end of the 1990s, combining synth-pop, techno, punk and performance art. It was pioneered by <a href="/wiki/I-F" title="I-F">I-F</a> with their track "Space Invaders Are Smoking Grass" (1998),<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> and pursued by artists including <a href="/wiki/Felix_da_Housecat" title="Felix da Housecat">Felix da Housecat</a>,<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a> <a href="/wiki/Peaches_(musician)" title="Peaches (musician)">Peaches</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chicks_on_Speed" title="Chicks on Speed">Chicks on Speed</a>,<a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fischerspooner" title="Fischerspooner">Fischerspooner</a>.<a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a> It gained international attention at the beginning of the new millennium and spread to scenes in London and Berlin, but rapidly faded as a recognizable genre as acts began to experiment with a variety of forms of music.<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a> In the new millennium, renewed interest in electronic music and nostalgia for the 1980s led to the beginnings of a synth-pop revival, with acts including <a href="/wiki/Adult_(band)" title="Adult (band)">Adult</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fischerspooner" title="Fischerspooner">Fischerspooner</a>. Between 2003 and 2004, it began to move into the mainstream with <a href="/wiki/Ladytron" title="Ladytron">Ladytron</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Postal_Service_(band)" class="mw-redirect" title="Postal Service (band)">Postal Service</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cut_Copy" title="Cut Copy">Cut Copy</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Bravery" title="The Bravery">the Bravery</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Killers" title="The Killers">the Killers</a> all producing records that incorporated vintage synthesizer sounds and styles that contrasted with the dominant genres of <a href="/wiki/Post-grunge" title="Post-grunge">post-grunge</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nu_metal" title="Nu metal">nu metal</a>. In particular, the Killers enjoyed considerable airplay and exposure and their debut album <a href="/wiki/Hot_Fuss" title="Hot Fuss">Hot Fuss</a> (2004) reached the top ten of the <a href="/wiki/Billboard_200" title="Billboard 200">Billboard 200</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Cateforis2011pp218-9-138">[138]</a> The Killers, the Bravery and the Stills all left their synth-pop sound behind after their debut albums and began to explore classic 1970s rock,<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-139">[139]</a> but the style was picked up by a large number of performers, particularly female solo artists. Following the breakthrough success of <a href="/wiki/Lady_Gaga" title="Lady Gaga">Lady Gaga</a> with her single "<a href="/wiki/Just_Dance_(song)" title="Just Dance (song)">Just Dance</a>" (2008), the British and other media proclaimed a new era of female synth-pop stars, citing artists such as <a href="/wiki/Little_Boots" title="Little Boots">Little Boots</a>, <a href="/wiki/La_Roux" title="La Roux">La Roux</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ladyhawke_(musician)" title="Ladyhawke (musician)">Ladyhawke</a>.<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a><a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a> Male acts that emerged in the same period include <a href="/wiki/Calvin_Harris" title="Calvin Harris">Calvin Harris</a>,<a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a> <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_the_Sun_(band)" title="Empire of the Sun (band)">Empire of the Sun</a>,<a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a> <a href="/wiki/Frankmusik" title="Frankmusik">Frankmusik</a>,<a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a> <a href="/wiki/Hurts_(duo)" title="Hurts (duo)">Hurts</a>,<a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ou_Est_Le_Swimming_Pool" class="mw-redirect" title="Ou Est Le Swimming Pool">Ou Est Le Swimming Pool</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kaskade" title="Kaskade">Kaskade</a>,<a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a> <a href="/wiki/LMFAO" title="LMFAO">LMFAO</a>,<a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Owl_City" title="Owl City">Owl City</a>, whose single "<a href="/wiki/Fireflies_(Owl_City_song)" title="Fireflies (Owl City song)">Fireflies</a>" (2009) topped the <a href="/wiki/Billboard_Hot_100" title="Billboard Hot 100">Billboard Hot 100</a> chart.<a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a><a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a> In 2009, an underground subgenre with direct stylistic origins to synth-pop became popular, <a href="/wiki/Chillwave" title="Chillwave">chillwave</a>.<a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a> Other 2010s synth-pop acts include <a href="/wiki/The_Naked_and_Famous" title="The Naked and Famous">the Naked and Famous</a>,<a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a> <a href="/wiki/Chvrches" title="Chvrches">Chvrches</a>,<a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a> <a href="/wiki/M83_(band)" title="M83 (band)">M83</a>,<a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shiny_Toy_Guns" title="Shiny Toy Guns">Shiny Toy Guns</a>.<a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a><a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a> American singer <a href="/wiki/Kesha" title="Kesha">Kesha</a> has also been described as an electropop artist,<a href="#cite_note-billkesha-156">[156]</a><a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a> with her electropop debut single "<a href="/wiki/Tik_Tok_(song)" title="Tik Tok (song)">Tik Tok</a>"<a href="#cite_note-158">[158]</a> topping the <a href="/wiki/Billboard_Hot_100" title="Billboard Hot 100">Billboard Hot 100</a> for nine weeks in 2010.<a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a> She also used the genre on her comeback single "<a href="/wiki/Die_Young" title="Die Young">Die Young</a>".<a href="#cite_note-billkesha-156">[156]</a><a href="#cite_note-160">[160]</a> Mainstream female recording artists who have dabbled in the genre in the 2010s include <a href="/wiki/Madonna" title="Madonna">Madonna</a>,<a href="#cite_note-electropopgraph-161">[161]</a><a href="#cite_note-vh1electro-162">[162]</a><a href="#cite_note-clevver-163">[163]</a> <a href="/wiki/Taylor_Swift" title="Taylor Swift">Taylor Swift</a>,<a href="#cite_note-164">[164]</a><a href="#cite_note-165">[165]</a><a href="#cite_note-166">[166]</a> <a href="/wiki/Katy_Perry" title="Katy Perry">Katy Perry</a>,<a href="#cite_note-167">[167]</a><a href="#cite_note-168">[168]</a><a href="#cite_note-169">[169]</a> <a href="/wiki/Jessie_J" title="Jessie J">Jessie J</a>,<a href="#cite_note-170">[170]</a> <a href="/wiki/Christina_Aguilera" title="Christina Aguilera">Christina Aguilera</a>,<a href="#cite_note-villagevoice-171">[171]</a><a href="#cite_note-bllamb-172">[172]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9" title="Beyoncé">Beyoncé</a>.<a href="#cite_note-173">[173]</a> In Japan, girl group <a href="/wiki/Perfume_(Japanese_band)" title="Perfume (Japanese band)">Perfume</a>, along with producer <a href="/wiki/Yasutaka_Nakata" title="Yasutaka Nakata">Yasutaka Nakata</a> of <a href="/wiki/Capsule_(band)" title="Capsule (band)">Capsule</a>, produced technopop music combining 1980s synth-pop with <a href="/wiki/Chiptune" title="Chiptune">chiptunes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Electro_house" title="Electro house">electro house</a><a href="#cite_note-174">[174]</a> from 2003. Their breakthrough came in 2008 with the album <a href="/wiki/Game_(Perfume_album)" title="Game (Perfume album)">Game</a>, which led to a renewed interest in technopop within mainstream <a href="/wiki/Japanese_pop" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese pop">Japanese pop</a> music.<a href="#cite_note-175">[175]</a><a href="#cite_note-allabout_perfume-176">[176]</a> Other Japanese female technopop artists soon followed, including <a href="/wiki/Aira_Mitsuki" title="Aira Mitsuki">Aira Mitsuki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Immi" title="Immi">immi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mizca" class="mw-redirect" title="Mizca">Mizca</a>, <a href="/wiki/SAWA" class="mw-redirect" title="SAWA">SAWA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saori@destiny" title="Saori@destiny">Saori Rinne</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sweet_Vacation" title="Sweet Vacation">Sweet Vacation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-allabout_perfume-176">[176]</a> Model-singer <a href="/wiki/Kyary_Pamyu_Pamyu" title="Kyary Pamyu Pamyu">Kyary Pamyu Pamyu</a> also shared the same success as Perfume's under <a href="/wiki/Yasutaka_Nakata" title="Yasutaka Nakata">Nakata</a>'s production<a href="#cite_note-177">[177]</a> with the album <a href="/wiki/Pamyu_Pamyu_Revolution" title="Pamyu Pamyu Revolution">Pamyu Pamyu Revolution</a> in 2012, which topped electronic charts on <a href="/wiki/ITunes" title="ITunes">iTunes</a><a href="#cite_note-178">[178]</a> as well as the <a href="/wiki/Oricon_Charts" class="mw-redirect" title="Oricon Charts">Japanese Albums</a> chart.<a href="#cite_note-179">[179]</a> Much like Japan, <a href="/wiki/Korean_pop" class="mw-redirect" title="Korean pop">Korean pop</a> music has also become dominated by synth-pop, particularly with girl groups such as <a href="/wiki/F(x)_(band)" class="mw-redirect" title="F(x) (band)">f(x)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Girls%27_Generation" title="Girls' Generation">Girls' Generation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wonder_Girls" title="Wonder Girls">Wonder Girls</a>.<a href="#cite_note-180">[180]</a> In 2020, the genre experienced a resurgence in popularity as 1980s-style synth-pop and <a href="/wiki/Synthwave" title="Synthwave">synthwave</a> songs from singers such as <a href="/wiki/The_Weeknd" title="The Weeknd">the Weeknd</a> who gained success on international music charts.<a href="#cite_note-181">[181]</a> "<a href="/wiki/Blinding_Lights" title="Blinding Lights">Blinding Lights</a>", a synthwave song by the Weeknd, peaked at number one in 29 countries, including the United States, in early 2020; and later became the <a href="/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)" title="Billboard (magazine)">Billboard</a> number-one greatest song of all time in November 2021.<a href="#cite_note-182">[182]</a> This wave of revival not only popularized established acts but also enabled new artists like <a href="/wiki/Dua_Lipa" title="Dua Lipa">Dua Lipa</a>, whose retro-influenced album <a href="/wiki/Future_Nostalgia" title="Future Nostalgia">Future Nostalgia</a> won multiple awards and was hailed for its energetic embrace of vintage pop sounds.<a href="#cite_note-183">[183]</a> Meanwhile, indie artists such as <a href="/wiki/M83_(band)" title="M83 (band)">M83</a> continued to explore the boundaries of the genre, blending it with shoegaze and ambient music to create a complex, layered sound in their album <a href="/wiki/Digital_Shades_Vol._2" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital Shades Vol. 2">Digital Shades Vol. 2</a>.<a href="#cite_note-184">[184]</a> The genre's adaptability and nostalgic appeal have contributed to its enduring presence and continued evolution in the music industry.<a href="#cite_note-185">[185]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Criticism_and_controversy">Criticism and controversy</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Depeche-mode-martin-gore2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Depeche-mode-martin-gore2.jpg/170px-Depeche-mode-martin-gore2.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Depeche-mode-martin-gore2.jpg/255px-Depeche-mode-martin-gore2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Depeche-mode-martin-gore2.jpg/340px-Depeche-mode-martin-gore2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="589" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Martin_Gore" title="Martin Gore">Martin Gore</a> of <a href="/wiki/Depeche_Mode" title="Depeche Mode">Depeche Mode</a> in 1986, wearing some of the fashions that were criticised for <a href="/wiki/Gender_bending" class="mw-redirect" title="Gender bending">gender bending</a></figcaption></figure> Synth-pop has received considerable criticism and even prompted hostility among musicians and in the press. It has been described as "anaemic"<a href="#cite_note-186">[186]</a> and "soulless".<a href="#cite_note-187">[187]</a> Synth-pop's early steps, and Gary Numan in particular, were also disparaged in the British music press of the late 1970s and early 1980s for their German influences<a href="#cite_note-SynthBritannia-28">[28]</a> and characterised by journalist <a href="/wiki/Mick_Farren" title="Mick Farren">Mick Farren</a> as the "<a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a> Memorial Space Patrol".<a href="#cite_note-188">[188]</a> In 1983, <a href="/wiki/Morrissey" title="Morrissey">Morrissey</a> of <a href="/wiki/The_Smiths" title="The Smiths">the Smiths</a> stated that "there was nothing more repellent than the synthesizer".<a href="#cite_note-Cateforis2009-21">[21]</a> During the decade, objections were raised to the quality of compositions<a href="#cite_note-Reynolds2005p337-189">[189]</a> and what was called the limited musicianship of artists.<a href="#cite_note-Cateforisp59-190">[190]</a> Gary Numan observed "hostility" and what he felt was "ignorance" regarding synth-pop, such as his belief that people "thought machines did it".<a href="#cite_note-191">[191]</a> <a href="/wiki/Orchestral_Manoeuvres_in_the_Dark" title="Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark">OMD</a> frontman <a href="/wiki/Andy_McCluskey" title="Andy McCluskey">Andy McCluskey</a> recalled a great many people "who thought that the equipment wrote the song for you", and asserted: "Believe me, if there was a button on a synth or a drum machine that said 'hit single', I would have pressed it as often as anybody else would have – but there isn't. It was all written by real human beings".<a href="#cite_note-192">[192]</a> According to Simon Reynolds, in some quarters synthesizers were seen as instruments for "effete poseurs", in contrast to the phallic guitar.<a href="#cite_note-Reynolds2005p337-189">[189]</a> The association of synth-pop with an alternative sexuality was reinforced by the images projected by synth-pop stars, who were seen as <a href="/wiki/Gender_bending" class="mw-redirect" title="Gender bending">gender bending</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Phil_Oakey" class="mw-redirect" title="Phil Oakey">Phil Oakey</a>'s asymmetric hair and use of eyeliner, <a href="/wiki/Marc_Almond" title="Marc Almond">Marc Almond</a>'s "pervy" leather jacket, skirt wearing by figures including <a href="/wiki/Martin_Gore" title="Martin Gore">Martin Gore</a> of Depeche Mode and the early "<a href="/wiki/Dominatrix" title="Dominatrix">dominatrix</a>" image of the Eurythmics' <a href="/wiki/Annie_Lennox" title="Annie Lennox">Annie Lennox</a>. In the U.S. this led to British synth-pop artists being characterised as "English haircut bands" or "art <a href="/wiki/Faggot_(slang)" class="mw-redirect" title="Faggot (slang)">fag</a>" music,<a href="#cite_note-Reynolds2005p337-189">[189]</a> though many British synth-pop artists were highly popular on both American radio and <a href="/wiki/MTV" title="MTV">MTV</a>. Although some audiences were overtly hostile to synth-pop, it achieved an appeal among those alienated from the dominant heterosexuality of mainstream rock culture, particularly among gay, female and introverted audiences.<a href="#cite_note-Reynolds2005p337-189">[189]</a><a href="#cite_note-Cateforisp59-190">[190]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Influence_and_legacy">Influence and legacy</h2></div> By the mid-1980s, synth-pop had helped establish the synthesizer as a primary instrument in mainstream pop music.<a href="#cite_note-AMsynthpop-19">[19]</a> It also influenced the sound of many mainstream rock acts, such as <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Springsteen" title="Bruce Springsteen">Bruce Springsteen</a>, <a href="/wiki/ZZ_Top" title="ZZ Top">ZZ Top</a> and <a href="/wiki/Van_Halen" title="Van Halen">Van Halen</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Reynolds2005p536-193">[193]</a> It was a major influence on <a href="/wiki/House_music" title="House music">house music</a>, which grew out of the <a href="/wiki/Post-disco" title="Post-disco">post-disco</a> dance club culture of the early 1980s as some DJs attempted to make the less pop-oriented music that also incorporated influences from <a href="/wiki/Latin_soul" title="Latin soul">Latin soul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dub_music" title="Dub music">dub</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rap_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Rap music">rap music</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazz</a>.<a href="#cite_note-AMhouse-194">[194]</a> American musicians such as <a href="/wiki/Juan_Atkins" title="Juan Atkins">Juan Atkins</a>, using names including Model 500, Infinity and as part of <a href="/wiki/Cybotron_(American_band)" title="Cybotron (American band)">Cybotron</a>, developed a style of <a href="/wiki/Electronic_dance_music" title="Electronic dance music">electronic dance music</a> influenced by synth-pop and <a href="/wiki/Funk" title="Funk">funk</a> that led to the emergence of <a href="/wiki/Detroit_techno" title="Detroit techno">Detroit techno</a> in the mid-1980s.<a href="#cite_note-Bogdanov2001p27-195">[195]</a> The continued influence of 1980s synth-pop could be seen in various incarnations of 1990s dance music, including <a href="/wiki/Trance_music" title="Trance music">trance</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Gordon2009-196">[196]</a> <a href="/wiki/Hip_hop" class="mw-redirect" title="Hip hop">Hip hop</a> artists such as <a href="/wiki/Mobb_Deep" title="Mobb Deep">Mobb Deep</a> have sampled 1980s synth-pop songs. Popular artists such as <a href="/wiki/Rihanna" title="Rihanna">Rihanna</a>, UK stars <a href="/wiki/Jay_Sean" title="Jay Sean">Jay Sean</a> and <a href="/wiki/Taio_Cruz" title="Taio Cruz">Taio Cruz</a>, as well as <a href="/wiki/British_pop" class="mw-redirect" title="British pop">British pop</a> star <a href="/wiki/Lily_Allen" title="Lily Allen">Lily Allen</a> on her second album, have also embraced the genre.<a href="#cite_note-Cateforis2011pp218-9-138">[138]</a><a href="#cite_note-197">[197]</a><a href="#cite_note-198">[198]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Artists">Artists</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_synth-pop_artists" title="List of synth-pop artists">List of synth-pop artists</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dance-pop" title="Dance-pop">Dance-pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electropop" title="Electropop">Electropop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schaffel_beat" class="mw-redirect" title="Schaffel beat">Schaffel beat</a>, triplet feel popularised in electronic music</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synthwave" title="Synthwave">Synthwave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wonky_pop" title="Wonky pop">Wonky pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chillwave" title="Chillwave">Chillwave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaporwave" title="Vaporwave">Vaporwave</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-AV_Club-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AV_Club_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AV_Club_1-1">b</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output 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Russ (2004), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_D2cTt5DPmEC&q=Sound+Synthesis+and+Sampling">Sound Synthesis and Sampling</a> (3 ed.), Burlington MA, p. 66, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-240-52105-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-240-52105-3"><bdi>978-0-240-52105-3</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sound+Synthesis+and+Sampling&rft.place=Burlington+MA&rft.pages=66&rft.edition=3&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-240-52105-3&rft.au=M.+Russ&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_D2cTt5DPmEC%26q%3DSound%2BSynthesis%2Band%2BSampling&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASynth-pop" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Citation" title="Template:Citation">citation</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFN._Rama_Lohan2007" class="citation journal cs1">N. 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Cateforis (2011), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-MVrM3zKrHQC&q=Are+We+Not+New+Wave&pg=PA51">Are We Not New Wave?: Modern Pop at the Turn of the 1980s</a>, University of Michigan Press, p. 254, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-472-03470-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-472-03470-3"><bdi>978-0-472-03470-3</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Are+We+Not+New+Wave%3F%3A+Modern+Pop+at+the+Turn+of+the+1980s&rft.pages=254&rft.pub=University+of+Michigan+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-472-03470-3&rft.au=T.+Cateforis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-MVrM3zKrHQC%26q%3DAre%2BWe%2BNot%2BNew%2BWave%26pg%3DPA51&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASynth-pop" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rimmer2003-77"><a href="#cite_ref-Rimmer2003_77-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFD._Rimmer2003" class="citation cs2">D. Rimmer (2003), New Romantics: The Look, London, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7119-9396-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7119-9396-9"><bdi>978-0-7119-9396-9</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+Romantics%3A+The+Look&rft.place=London&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-7119-9396-9&rft.au=D.+Rimmer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASynth-pop" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Citation" title="Template:Citation">citation</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.officialcharts.com/artist/18710/spandau-ballet/">"Spandau Ballet"</a>. 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Official Charts.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Visage&rft.pub=Official+Charts&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.officialcharts.com%2Fartist%2F18728%2Fvisage%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASynth-pop" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.officialcharts.com/artist/19319/duran-duran/">"Duran Duran"</a>. 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Event occurs at 8:56 am. <a href="/wiki/BBC_One" title="BBC One">BBC One</a>. <a href="/wiki/British_Broadcasting_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="British Broadcasting Corporation">British Broadcasting Corporation</a>. <q>There was a certain amount of hostility to electronic music when it first came along. People didn't think it was real music; they thought machines did it. 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Gordon (23 October 2009), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110814135833/http://www.yaledailynews.com/news/2009/oct/23/the-decade-that-never-dies/">"The decade that never dies Still '80s Fetishizing in '09"</a>, Yale Daily News, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yaledailynews.com/scene/scene-cover/2009/10/23/decade-never-dies/">the original</a> on 14 August 2011</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Yale+Daily+News&rft.atitle=The+decade+that+never+dies+Still+%2780s+Fetishizing+in+%2709&rft.date=2009-10-23&rft.au=C.+Gordon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yaledailynews.com%2Fscene%2Fscene-cover%2F2009%2F10%2F23%2Fdecade-never-dies%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASynth-pop" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-197"><a href="#cite_ref-197">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCormick2010" class="citation news cs1">McCormick, Neil (24 March 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/rockandpopfeatures/7514155/Jay-Sean-and-Taio-Cruz-wowing-America.html">"Jay Sean and Taio Cruz wowing America"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Daily_News_(New_York)" class="mw-redirect" title="Daily News (New York)">Daily News</a>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rollingstone.com/rockdaily/index.php/2008/07/01/in-the-studio-lily-allen-makes-naughty-follow-up/">the original</a> on 3 July 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rolling+Stone&rft.atitle=In+the+Studio%3A+Lily+Allen+Makes+%22Naughty%22+Follow-Up&rft.date=2008-07-01&rft.aulast=Edwards&rft.aufirst=Gavin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rollingstone.com%2Frockdaily%2Findex.php%2F2008%2F07%2F01%2Fin-the-studio-lily-allen-makes-naughty-follow-up%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASynth-pop" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2></div> <ul><li>S. Borthwick and R. Moy (2004), Popular Music Genres: an Introduction, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press</li> <li>P. Bussy (2004), Kraftwerk: Man, Machine and Music (3rd ed.), London: SAF</li> <li>T. 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Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-107-24454-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-107-24454-2"><bdi>978-1-107-24454-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Electronic+Music&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-107-24454-2&rft.aulast=Collins&rft.aufirst=Nick&rft.au=Schedel%2C+Margaret&rft.au=Wilson%2C+Scott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0aMxAAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA97&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASynth-pop" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoffmann2004" class="citation book cs1">Hoffmann, Frank (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-FOSAgAAQBAJ&q=%22encyclopedia+of+recorded+sound%22+%22acid+rock%22">Encyclopedia of Recorded Sound</a>. 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PC Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-870775-14-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-870775-14-4"><bdi>978-1-870775-14-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Music+Projects+with+Propellerhead+Reason%3A+Grooves%2C+Beats+and+Styles+from+Trip+Hop+to+Techno&rft.pub=PC+Publishing&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-870775-14-4&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Hollin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnOrhiSrz-OkC%26pg%3DPA107&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASynth-pop" class="Z3988"></li> <li>B. R. Parker (2009), Good Vibrations: the Physics of Music, Boston MD: JHU Press</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Reynolds" title="Simon Reynolds">Simon Reynolds</a> (2005), Rip It Up and Start Again Postpunk 1978–1984, London: Faber and Faber</li> <li>J. Stuessy and S. D. Lipscomb (2008), Rock and Roll: its History and Stylistic Development (6th ed.), London: Pearson Prentice Hall</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTrynkaBacon1996" class="citation book cs1">Trynka, Paul; Bacon, Tony, eds. (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HDrIjd5FQ8QC&pg=RA1-PA1946">Rock Hardware</a>. Balafon Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87930-428-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87930-428-7"><bdi>978-0-87930-428-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rock+Hardware&rft.pub=Balafon+Books&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-87930-428-7&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHDrIjd5FQ8QC%26pg%3DRA1-PA1946&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASynth-pop" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> Synth-pop at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/synthpop" class="extiw" title="wikt:synthpop">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Synthpop" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Synthpop">Media</a> from Commons</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/27px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/41px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/54px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1298934" class="extiw" title="d:Q1298934">Data</a> from Wikidata</li></ul></div></div> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Synth-pop" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Synth_pop-footer" title="Template:Synth pop-footer"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Synth_pop-footer" title="Template talk:Synth pop-footer"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Synth_pop-footer" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Synth pop-footer"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Synth-pop" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Synth-pop</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electro_house" title="Electro house">Electro house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electroclash" title="Electroclash">Electroclash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electropop" title="Electropop">Electropop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electropunk" class="mw-redirect" title="Electropunk">Electropunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freestyle_music" title="Freestyle music">Freestyle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="New_wave_and_post-punk" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:New_wave_and_post-punk" title="Template:New wave and post-punk"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:New_wave_and_post-punk" title="Template talk:New wave and post-punk"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:New_wave_and_post-punk" title="Special:EditPage/Template:New wave and post-punk"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="New_wave_and_post-punk" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/New_wave_music" title="New wave music">New wave</a> and <a href="/wiki/Post-punk" title="Post-punk">post-punk</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Associated genres or scenes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avant-funk" title="Avant-funk">Avant-funk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_dance" title="Alternative dance">Alternative dance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grebo_(music)" title="Grebo (music)">Grebo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_punk" title="Art punk">Art punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cold_wave_(music)" title="Cold wave (music)">Coldwave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance-rock" title="Dance-rock">Dance-rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance-punk" title="Dance-punk">Dance-punk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_rave" title="New rave">New rave</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deathrock" title="Deathrock">Deathrock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_wave" title="Dark wave">Dark wave</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethereal_Wave" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethereal Wave">Ethereal Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoclassical_darkwave" class="mw-redirect" title="Neoclassical darkwave">Neoclassical</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electroclash" title="Electroclash">Electroclash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electropunk" class="mw-redirect" title="Electropunk">Electropunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garage_rock_revival" class="mw-redirect" title="Garage rock revival">Garage rock revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_rock" title="Gothic rock">Gothic rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indie_pop" title="Indie pop">Indie pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jangle_pop" title="Jangle pop">Jangle pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madchester" title="Madchester">Madchester</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baggy" title="Baggy">Baggy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minimal_wave" title="Minimal wave">Minimal wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minneapolis_sound" title="Minneapolis sound">Minneapolis sound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mod_revival" title="Mod revival">Mod revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-psychedelia" title="Neo-psychedelia">Neo-psychedelia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dream_pop" title="Dream pop">Dream pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoegaze" title="Shoegaze">Shoegaze</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neue_Deutsche_Welle" title="Neue Deutsche Welle">Neue Deutsche Welle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_pop" title="New pop">New pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Romantic" title="New Romantic">New Romantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_wave_of_new_wave" title="New wave of new wave">New wave of new wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No_wave" title="No wave">No wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-hardcore" title="Post-hardcore">Post-hardcore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-punk_revival" title="Post-punk revival">Post-punk revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romo" title="Romo">Romo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophisti-pop" title="Sophisti-pop">Sophisti-pop</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Synth-pop</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electroclash" title="Electroclash">Electroclash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electropop" title="Electropop">Electropop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electropunk" class="mw-redirect" title="Electropunk">Electropunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freestyle_music" title="Freestyle music">Freestyle</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two-tone_(music_genre)" title="Two-tone (music genre)">2 Tone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultra_(music)" title="Ultra (music)">Ultra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_new_wave_artists" title="List of new wave artists">New wave artists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_post-punk_bands" title="List of post-punk bands">Post-punk bands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_synth-pop_artists" title="List of synth-pop artists">Synth-pop artists</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C86" title="C86">C86</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CBGB" title="CBGB">CBGB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chillwave" title="Chillwave">Chillwave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electro_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Electro music">Electro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Wave_Theatre" title="New Wave Theatre">New Wave Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neue_Deutsche_Welle" title="Neue Deutsche Welle">Neue Deutsche Welle</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neue_Deutsche_H%C3%A4rte" title="Neue Deutsche Härte">Neue Deutsche Härte</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Movida_Madrile%C3%B1a" title="La Movida Madrileña">La Movida Madrileña</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_band_scene" class="mw-redirect" title="Little band scene">Little band scene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punk_rock" title="Punk rock">Punk rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_Music" class="mw-redirect" title="Industrial Music">Industrial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rip_It_Up_and_Start_Again" title="Rip It Up and Start Again">Rip It Up and Start Again</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_British_Invasion" title="Second British Invasion">Second British Invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sounds_(magazine)" title="Sounds (magazine)">Sounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synthwave" title="Synthwave">Synthwave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaporwave" title="Vaporwave">Vaporwave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_wave_music_in_Yugoslavia" title="New wave music in Yugoslavia">Yugoslavian new wave</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Electronic_rock" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Electronic_rock" title="Template:Electronic rock"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Electronic_rock" title="Template talk:Electronic rock"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Electronic_rock" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Electronic rock"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Electronic_rock" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Electronic_rock" title="Electronic rock">Electronic rock</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Electronics_in_rock_music" title="Electronics in rock music">Electronics in rock music</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Subgenres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_dance" title="Alternative dance">Alternative dance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grebo_(music)" title="Grebo (music)">Grebo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_rave" title="New rave">New rave</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madchester" title="Madchester">Baggy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electroclash" title="Electroclash">Electroclash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronicore" title="Electronicore">Electronicore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electropunk" class="mw-redirect" title="Electropunk">Electropunk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digital_hardcore" title="Digital hardcore">Digital hardcore</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indietronica" class="mw-redirect" title="Indietronica">Indietronica</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chillwave" title="Chillwave">Chillwave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glitch_pop" class="mw-redirect" title="Glitch pop">Glitch pop</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_rock" title="Industrial rock">Industrial rock</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_metal" title="Industrial metal">Industrial metal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krautrock" title="Krautrock">Krautrock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_wave_music" title="New wave music">New wave</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minimal_wave" title="Minimal wave">Minimal wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_romantic" class="mw-redirect" title="New romantic">New romantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neue_deutsche_welle" class="mw-redirect" title="Neue deutsche welle">Neue deutsche welle</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nintendocore" title="Nintendocore">Nintendocore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-punk" title="Post-punk">Post-punk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coldwave" class="mw-redirect" title="Coldwave">Coldwave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_rock" title="Gothic rock">Gothic rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No_wave" title="No wave">No wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-punk_revival" title="Post-punk revival">Post-punk revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance-punk" title="Dance-punk">Dance-punk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_rave" title="New rave">New rave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-rock" title="Post-rock">Post-rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_rock#Subgenres_and_other_terms" title="Electronic rock">Synth-metal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dungeon_synth" title="Dungeon synth">Dungeon synth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grindcore#Electrogrind" title="Grindcore">Electrogrind</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related genres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_rock" title="Art rock">Art rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_beat" title="Big beat">Big beat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crunkcore" title="Crunkcore">Crunkcore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance-rock" title="Dance-rock">Dance-rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_wave" title="Dark wave">Dark wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_rock" title="Experimental rock">Experimental rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychedelic_rock" title="Psychedelic rock">Psychedelic rock</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Synth-pop</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electro-Theremin" title="Electro-Theremin">Electro-Theremin</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Good_Vibrations" title="Good Vibrations">Good Vibrations</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Live_electronic_music" title="Live electronic music">Live electronic music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Meek" title="Joe Meek">Joe Meek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mellotron" title="Mellotron">Mellotron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moog_synthesizer" title="Moog synthesizer">Moog synthesizer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Programming_(music)" title="Programming (music)">Programming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switched-On_Rock" title="Switched-On Rock">Switched-On Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isao_Tomita" title="Isao Tomita">Isao Tomita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_Magic_Orchestra" title="Yellow Magic Orchestra">Yellow Magic Orchestra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Electronic_music" title="Category:Electronic music">Electronic music</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /><a href="/wiki/Category:Rock_music" title="Category:Rock music">Rock music</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pop_music" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Pop_music" title="Template:Pop music"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Pop_music" title="Template talk:Pop music"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Pop_music" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Pop music"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pop_music" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Pop_music" title="Pop music">Pop music</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Stylistic origins</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tin_Pan_Alley" title="Tin Pan Alley">Tin Pan Alley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_pop" title="Traditional pop">Traditional pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_and_roll" title="Rock and roll">Rock and roll</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Styles_of_pop_music" title="Styles of pop music">Styles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adult_contemporary_music" title="Adult contemporary music">Adult contemporary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_adult_contemporary" title="Christian adult contemporary">Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quiet_storm" title="Quiet storm">Quiet storm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhythmic_adult_contemporary" title="Rhythmic adult contemporary">Rhythmic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_adult_contemporary" title="Urban adult contemporary">Urban</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_pop" class="mw-redirect" title="Alternative pop">Alternative</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paisley_Underground" title="Paisley Underground">Paisley Underground</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambient_pop" class="mw-redirect" title="Ambient pop">Ambient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_pop" title="Art pop">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avant-pop" title="Avant-pop">Avant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beach_music" title="Beach music">Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beat_music" title="Beat music">Beat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brill_Building_(genre)" title="Brill Building (genre)">Brill Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bubblegum_music" title="Bubblegum music">Bubblegum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_pop" title="Chamber pop">Chamber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_Christian_music" title="Contemporary Christian music">Contemporary Christian music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Country_pop" title="Country pop">Country</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bro-country" title="Bro-country">Bro-country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cowboy_pop" title="Cowboy pop">Cowboy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cringe_pop" title="Cringe pop">Cringe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dancehall_pop" title="Dancehall pop">Dancehall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance-pop" title="Dance-pop">Dance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freestyle_music" title="Freestyle music">Freestyle</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disco_polo" title="Disco polo">Disco polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dream_pop" title="Dream pop">Dream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_pop" title="Experimental pop">Experimental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk-pop" title="Folk-pop">Folk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperpop" title="Hyperpop">Hyperpop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypnagogic_pop" title="Hypnagogic pop">Hypnagogic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indie_pop" title="Indie pop">Indie</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dunedin_sound" title="Dunedin sound">Dunedin sound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twee_pop" title="Twee pop">Twee</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operatic_pop" title="Operatic pop">Operatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orchestral_pop" title="Orchestral pop">Orchestral</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baroque_pop" title="Baroque pop">Baroque</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop_rap" title="Pop rap">Pop rap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop_rock" title="Pop rock">Pop rock</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emo_pop" title="Emo pop">Emo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jangle_pop" title="Jangle pop">Jangle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop_metal" title="Pop metal">Pop metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop-punk" title="Pop-punk">Pop-punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_pop" title="Power pop">Power</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_pop" title="Progressive pop">Progressive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychedelic_pop" title="Psychedelic pop">Psychedelic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schlager_music" title="Schlager music">Schlager music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophisti-pop" title="Sophisti-pop">Sophisti-pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_age_pop" title="Space age pop">Space age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunshine_pop" title="Sunshine pop">Sunshine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swamp_pop" title="Swamp pop">Swamp</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Synth-pop</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electropop" title="Electropop">Electropop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Futurepop" title="Futurepop">Futurepop</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teen_pop" title="Teen pop">Teen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_pop" title="Traditional pop">Traditional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wonky_pop" title="Wonky pop">Wonky</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional variants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_popular_music" title="African popular music">Africa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afrobeats" title="Afrobeats">Afrobeats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moroccan_pop" title="Moroccan pop">Moroccan</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">The Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_popular_music" title="American popular music">American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Argentina#Popular_music" title="Music of Argentina">Argentine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BAsica_popular_brasileira" title="Música popular brasileira">Brazilian (MPB)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brega_pop" title="Brega pop">Brega pop</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_pop" title="Latin pop">Latin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tropipop" title="Tropipop">Tropipop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_pop_music" title="Mexican pop music">Mexican</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nueva_ola" title="Nueva ola">Nueva ola</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_pop" title="Arabic pop">Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabiz_(music_genre)" title="Rabiz (music genre)">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_folk/pop_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Assyrian folk/pop music">Assyrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_pop_music" title="Azerbaijani pop music">Azerbaijani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C-pop" title="C-pop">Chinese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cantopop" title="Cantopop">Cantopop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakka_popular_music" title="Hakka popular music">Hakka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hokkien_pop" title="Hokkien pop">Hokkien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandopop" title="Mandopop">Mandopop</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_Mandopop" title="French Mandopop">French</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinyao" title="Xinyao">Xinyao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongguo_feng_(music)" title="Zhongguo feng (music)">Zhongguo feng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinoiserie_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinoiserie music">Chinoiserie</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_English_pop" title="Hong Kong English pop">Hong Kong English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_pop" title="Indian pop">Indian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhangra_(music)" title="Bhangra (music)">Bhangra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filmi" title="Filmi">Filmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindutva_pop" title="Hindutva pop">Hindutva</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo_pop" title="Indo pop">Indonesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_pop_music" title="Iranian pop music">Iranian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J-pop" title="J-pop">Japanese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/City_pop" title="City pop">City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kay%C5%8Dkyoku" title="Kayōkyoku">Kayōkyoku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ry%C5%ABk%C5%8Dka" title="Ryūkōka">Ryūkōka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shibuya-kei" title="Shibuya-kei">Shibuya-kei</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Q-pop" title="Q-pop">Kazakhstani</a></li> <li>Korean <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_North_Korea#Pop_music" title="Music of North Korea">North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K-pop" title="K-pop">South</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_pop" title="Lao pop">Lao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_pop" class="mw-redirect" title="Malaysian pop">Malaysian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_pop_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakistani pop music">Pakistani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinoy_pop" title="Pinoy pop">Philippine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_pop_music" title="Thai pop music">Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V-pop" title="V-pop">Vietnamese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austropop" title="Austropop">Austropop</a></li> <li>Balkan pop-folk <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chalga" title="Chalga">Chalga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La%C3%AFko" title="Laïko">Laïko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manele" title="Manele">Manele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tallava" title="Tallava">Tallava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turbo-folk" title="Turbo-folk">Turbo-folk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_pop_music" title="British pop music">British</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nederpop" title="Nederpop">Dutch</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nederbeat" title="Nederbeat">Nederbeat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_pop" title="New pop">New pop</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurodance" title="Eurodance">Eurodance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europop" title="Europop">Europop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_pop_music" title="French pop music">French pop</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_Mandopop" title="French Mandopop">French Mandopop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y%C3%A9-y%C3%A9" title="Yé-yé">Yé-yé</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_pop" title="Hungarian pop">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_popular_music#Rock_and_pop" title="Italian popular music">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_North_Macedonia#Pop_music" title="Music of North Macedonia">Macedonian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C4%8Calgija" title="Čalgija">Čalgija</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muzic%C4%83_popular%C4%83" title="Muzică populară">Romanian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manele" title="Manele">Manele</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_pop" title="Russian pop">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schlager_music" title="Schlager music">Schlager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_pop" title="Serbian pop">Serbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_popular_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Swedish popular music">Swedish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_pop_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish pop music">Turkish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_music_in_the_Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Popular music in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">SFR Yugoslavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Soviet_Union#Popular_music" title="Music of the Soviet Union">Soviet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/VIA_music" class="mw-redirect" title="VIA music">VIA music</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop_music_in_Ukraine" title="Pop music in Ukraine">Ukrainian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celebrity" title="Celebrity">Celebrity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bobby_soxer_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bobby soxer (music)">Bobby soxer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sasaeng_fan" title="Sasaeng fan">Sasaeng fan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teenybopper" title="Teenybopper">Teenybopper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_idol#Fan_culture" title="Japanese idol">Wota</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honorific_nicknames_in_popular_music" title="Honorific nicknames in popular music">Honorific nicknames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_and_fashion" title="Music and fashion">Music and fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop_music_automation" title="Pop music automation">Pop music automation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_music_pedagogy" title="Popular music pedagogy">Popular music pedagogy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockism_and_poptimism" title="Rockism and poptimism">Rockism and poptimism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songwriter" title="Songwriter">Songwriter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talent_manager" title="Talent manager">Talent manager</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Talent_agent" title="Talent agent">Talent agent</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teen_idol" title="Teen idol">Teen idol</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boy_band" title="Boy band">Boy band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girl_group" title="Girl group">Girl group</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verse%E2%80%93chorus_form" title="Verse–chorus form">Verse–chorus form</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_band" title="Virtual band">Virtual band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worldbeat" title="Worldbeat">Worldbeat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Electronic-based_music_styles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Electronica" title="Template:Electronica"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Electronica" title="Template talk:Electronica"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Electronica" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Electronica"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Electronic-based_music_styles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Electronic_music" title="Electronic music">Electronic</a>-based music styles</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Electronic_dance_music" title="Electronic dance music">Electronic dance music</a> · <a href="/wiki/Electronica" title="Electronica">Electronica</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_electronic_music_genres" title="List of electronic music genres">Genres</a> by <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_electronic_music_genres" title="Timeline of electronic music genres">decade of origin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Early</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guitar_amplifier" title="Guitar amplifier">Amplified guitar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electric_blues" title="Electric blues">Electric blues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Hawaii#Guitar_innovations" title="Music of Hawaii">Hawaiian guitar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B9j%C3%BA_music" title="Jùjú music">Jùjú</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music" title="Rock music">Rock</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rock_genres" title="List of rock genres">List of rock genres</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_swing" title="Western swing">Western swing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biomusic" title="Biomusic">Biomusic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_music" title="Computer music">Computer music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electroacoustic_music" title="Electroacoustic music">Electroacoustic music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acousmatic_music" title="Acousmatic music">Acousmatic music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musique_concr%C3%A8te" title="Musique concrète">Musique concrète</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tape_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Tape music">Tape music</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elektronische_Musik" class="mw-redirect" title="Elektronische Musik">Elektronische Musik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Live_electronic_music" title="Live electronic music">Live electronics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noise_music" title="Noise music">Noise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound_system_(Jamaican)" title="Sound system (Jamaican)">Sound system (Jamaican)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_age_pop" title="Space age pop">Space age pop</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1960s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ambient_music" title="Ambient music">Ambient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drone_music" title="Drone music">Drone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dub_music" title="Dub music">Dub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_rock" title="Electronic rock">Electronic rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz-funk" title="Jazz-funk">Jazz-funk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krautrock" title="Krautrock">Krautrock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New-age_music" title="New-age music">New-age music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_rock" title="Progressive rock">Progressive rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychedelic_music" title="Psychedelic music">Psychedelic music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Psychedelic_funk" title="Psychedelic funk">Psychedelic funk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychedelic_rock" title="Psychedelic rock">Psychedelic rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sampledelia" title="Sampledelia">Sampledelia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_music" title="Space music">Space music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Space_rock" title="Space rock">Space rock</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1970s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afro/cosmic_music" title="Afro/cosmic music">Afro/cosmic music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Space_disco" class="mw-redirect" title="Space disco">Space disco</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boogie_(genre)" title="Boogie (genre)">Boogie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiptune" title="Chiptune">Chiptune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dancehall" title="Dancehall">Dancehall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electropunk" class="mw-redirect" title="Electropunk">Electropunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurodisco" title="Eurodisco">Eurodisco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hi-NRG" title="Hi-NRG">Hi-NRG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_music" title="Industrial music">Industrial</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_rock" title="Industrial rock">Industrial rock</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanoise" title="Japanoise">Japanoise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_wave_music" title="New wave music">New wave</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cold_wave_(music)" title="Cold wave (music)">Cold wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_wave" title="Dark wave">Dark wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minimal_wave" title="Minimal wave">Minimal wave</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-disco" title="Post-disco">Post-disco</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dance-punk" title="Dance-punk">Dance-punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance-rock" title="Dance-rock">Dance-rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italo_disco" title="Italo disco">Italo disco</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reggae_fusion" title="Reggae fusion">Reggae fusion</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Synth-pop</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acid_jazz" title="Acid jazz">Acid jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_dance" title="Alternative dance">Alternative dance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baggy" title="Baggy">Baggy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambient_pop" class="mw-redirect" title="Ambient pop">Ambient pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breakbeat" title="Breakbeat">Breakbeat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Florida_breaks" title="Florida breaks">Florida breaks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_R%26B" title="Contemporary R&B">Contemporary R&B</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_jack_swing" title="New jack swing">New jack swing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_ambient" title="Dark ambient">Dark ambient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dubtronica" title="Dubtronica">Dubtronica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electro_(music)" title="Electro (music)">Electro</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freestyle_music" title="Freestyle music">Freestyle</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electro-industrial" title="Electro-industrial">Electro-industrial</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_body_music" title="Electronic body music">Electronic body music</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electropop" title="Electropop">Electropop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_electronica" title="Ethnic electronica">Ethnic electronica</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Funk_carioca" title="Funk carioca">Funk carioca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuduro" title="Kuduro">Kuduro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwaito" title="Kwaito">Kwaito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tecnocumbia" title="Tecnocumbia">Tecnocumbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turbo-folk" title="Turbo-folk">Turbo-folk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurobeat" title="Eurobeat">Eurobeat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurodance" title="Eurodance">Eurodance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grebo_(music)" title="Grebo (music)">Grebo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_music" title="House music">House</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acid_house" title="Acid house">Acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambient_house" title="Ambient house">Ambient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balearic_beat" title="Balearic beat">Balearic beat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_house" title="Chicago house">Chicago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_house" title="Deep house">Deep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garage_house" title="Garage house">Garage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funky_house" title="Funky house">Funky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italo_house" title="Italo house">Italo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_sound" title="New Jersey sound">Jersey sound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hip_house" title="Hip house">Hip house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_house" title="Latin house">Latin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tech_house" title="Tech house">Tech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tribal_house" title="Tribal house">Tribal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_hip_hop" title="Industrial hip hop">Industrial hip hop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_metal" title="Industrial metal">Industrial metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martial_industrial" title="Martial industrial">Martial industrial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miami_bass" title="Miami bass">Miami bass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_beat" title="New beat">New beat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_electronics_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Power electronics (music)">Power electronics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ragga" title="Ragga">Ragga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophisti-pop" title="Sophisti-pop">Sophisti-pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synth-metal" class="mw-redirect" title="Synth-metal">Synth-metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Techno" title="Techno">Techno</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acid_techno" title="Acid techno">Acid techno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bleep_techno" title="Bleep techno">Bleep techno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detroit_techno" title="Detroit techno">Detroit techno</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tracker_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Tracker music">Tracker music</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ambient_dub" class="mw-redirect" title="Ambient dub">Ambient dub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambient_techno" title="Ambient techno">Ambient techno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_underground" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian underground">Asian underground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltimore_club" title="Baltimore club">Baltimore club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhangragga" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhangragga">Bhangragga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_beat" title="Big beat">Big beat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bitpop" title="Bitpop">Bitpop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breakbeat_hardcore" title="Breakbeat hardcore">Breakbeat hardcore</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Darkcore" title="Darkcore">Darkcore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Happy_hardcore" title="Happy hardcore">Happy hardcore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toytown_techno" title="Toytown techno">Toytown techno</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broken_beat" title="Broken beat">Broken beat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changa_tuki" class="mw-redirect" title="Changa tuki">Changa tuki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chopped_and_screwed" title="Chopped and screwed">Chopped and screwed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_electro" class="mw-redirect" title="Dark electro">Dark electro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denpa_song" title="Denpa song">Denpa song</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_hardcore" title="Digital hardcore">Digital hardcore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disco_polo" title="Disco polo">Disco polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diva_house" title="Diva house">Diva house</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hardbag" title="Hardbag">Hardbag</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Downtempo" title="Downtempo">Downtempo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_sound" class="mw-redirect" title="Bristol sound">Bristol sound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psybient" class="mw-redirect" title="Psybient">Psybient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trip_hop" title="Trip hop">Trip hop</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drum_and_bass" title="Drum and bass">Drum and bass</a> <ul><li>Heavy <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Darkstep" class="mw-redirect" title="Darkstep">Darkstep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardstep" title="Hardstep">Hardstep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neurofunk" title="Neurofunk">Neurofunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Techstep" title="Techstep">Techstep</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jungle_music" title="Jungle music">Jungle</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ragga_jungle" class="mw-redirect" title="Ragga jungle">Ragga jungle</a></li></ul></li> <li>Light <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atmospheric_drum_and_bass" class="mw-redirect" title="Atmospheric drum and bass">Atmospheric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelligent_drum_and_bass" class="mw-redirect" title="Intelligent drum and bass">Intelligent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazzstep" class="mw-redirect" title="Jazzstep">Jazzstep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liquid_funk" title="Liquid funk">Liquid funk</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dub_techno" title="Dub techno">Dub techno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dungeon_synth" title="Dungeon synth">Dungeon synth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electroclash" title="Electroclash">Electroclash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folktronica" title="Folktronica">Folktronica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_house" title="French house">French house</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nu_disco" class="mw-redirect" title="Nu disco">Nu disco</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funkot" title="Funkot">Funkot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Futurepop" title="Futurepop">Futurepop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghetto_house" title="Ghetto house">Ghetto house</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Footwork_(genre)" title="Footwork (genre)">Footwork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghettotech" title="Ghettotech">Ghettotech</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glitch_(music)" title="Glitch (music)">Glitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardcore_(electronic_dance_music_genre)" title="Hardcore (electronic dance music genre)">Hardcore</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_hardcore_techno" title="Belgian hardcore techno">Belgian techno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bouncy_techno" title="Bouncy techno">Bouncy techno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breakcore" title="Breakcore">Breakcore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_tekno_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Free tekno (music)">Free tekno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frenchcore" title="Frenchcore">Frenchcore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabber" title="Gabber">Gabber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardstyle" title="Hardstyle">Hardstyle</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lento_violento" title="Lento violento">Lento violento</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J-core" title="J-core">J-core</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1kina" title="Mákina">Mákina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speedcore" title="Speedcore">Speedcore</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harsh_noise_wall" title="Harsh noise wall">Harsh noise wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illbient" title="Illbient">Illbient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indietronica" class="mw-redirect" title="Indietronica">Indietronica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_techno" title="Industrial techno">Industrial techno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelligent_dance_music" title="Intelligent dance music">Intelligent dance music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drill_%27n%27_bass" title="Drill 'n' bass">Drill 'n' bass</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kidandali" title="Kidandali">Kidandali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jam_band#1996–2008:_rise_of_Phish_and_music_festivals" title="Jam band">Livetronica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merenhouse" title="Merenhouse">Merenhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microhouse" title="Microhouse">Microhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minimal_techno" title="Minimal techno">Minimal techno</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Schaffel" title="Schaffel">Schaffel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nu_jazz" title="Nu jazz">Nu jazz</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electro_swing" title="Electro swing">Electro swing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nu_metal" title="Nu metal">Nu metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nu_skool_breaks" title="Nu skool breaks">Nu skool breaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-rock" title="Post-rock">Post-rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_noise" title="Power noise">Power noise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_house" title="Progressive house">Progressive house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psydub" title="Psydub">Psydub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reggaeton" title="Reggaeton">Reggaeton</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dembow" class="mw-redirect" title="Dembow">Dembow</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trance_music" title="Trance music">Trance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acid_trance" title="Acid trance">Acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balearic_trance" title="Balearic trance">Balearic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dream_trance" title="Dream trance">Dream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goa_trance" title="Goa trance">Goa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurodance#Hands_Up" title="Eurodance">Hands Up</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hard_trance" title="Hard trance">Hard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_trance" class="mw-redirect" title="Progressive trance">Progressive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychedelic_trance" title="Psychedelic trance">Psy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tech_trance" title="Tech trance">Tech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uplifting_trance" title="Uplifting trance">Uplifting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vocal_trance" class="mw-redirect" title="Vocal trance">Vocal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UK_garage" title="UK garage">UK garage</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2-step_garage" title="2-step garage">2-step</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breakstep" title="Breakstep">Breakstep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speed_garage" title="Speed garage">Speed garage</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UK_hard_house" title="UK hard house">UK hard house</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hardbass" title="Hardbass">Hardbass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hard_NRG" title="Hard NRG">Hard NRG</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afrobeats" title="Afrobeats">Afrobeats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bassline_(music_genre)" title="Bassline (music genre)">Bassline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budots" title="Budots">Budots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_electronic_dance_music" title="Christian electronic dance music">Christian electronic dance music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloud_rap" title="Cloud rap">Cloud rap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coup%C3%A9-d%C3%A9cal%C3%A9" title="Coupé-décalé">Coupé-décalé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crunk" title="Crunk">Crunk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crunkcore" title="Crunkcore">Crunkcore</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dancehall_pop" title="Dancehall pop">Dancehall pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dubstep" title="Dubstep">Dubstep</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reggaestep" title="Reggaestep">Reggaestep</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electro_house" title="Electro house">Electro house</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Complextro" class="mw-redirect" title="Complextro">Complextro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_house" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutch house">Dutch house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fidget_house" class="mw-redirect" title="Fidget house">Fidget house</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronicore" title="Electronicore">Electronicore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Future_garage" title="Future garage">Future garage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grime_(music_genre)" class="mw-redirect" title="Grime (music genre)">Grime</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grindie" title="Grindie">Grindie</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hauntology_(music)" title="Hauntology (music)">Hauntology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypnagogic_pop" title="Hypnagogic pop">Hypnagogic pop</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chillwave" title="Chillwave">Chillwave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glo-fi" class="mw-redirect" title="Glo-fi">Glo-fi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey_club" title="Jersey club">Jersey club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juke_house" class="mw-redirect" title="Juke house">Juke house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jumpstyle" title="Jumpstyle">Jumpstyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainstream_hardcore" title="Mainstream hardcore">Mainstream hardcore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nightcore" title="Nightcore">Nightcore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nintendocore" title="Nintendocore">Nintendocore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nortec" title="Nortec">Nortec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phonk" title="Phonk">Phonk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-punk_revival" title="Post-punk revival">Post-punk revival</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_rave" title="New rave">New rave</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rab%C3%B2day" title="Rabòday">Rabòday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reductionism_(music)" title="Reductionism (music)">Reductionism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lowercase_(music)" title="Lowercase (music)">Lowercase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onkyokei" title="Onkyokei">Onkyokei</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russ_music" title="Russ music">Russ music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sambass" title="Sambass">Sambass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shangaan_electro" title="Shangaan electro">Shangaan electro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skweee" title="Skweee">Skweee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synthwave" title="Synthwave">Synthwave</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sovietwave" title="Sovietwave">Sovietwave</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tecno_brega" title="Tecno brega">Tecno brega</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trival" class="mw-redirect" title="Trival">Trival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UK_bass" title="UK bass">UK bass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UK_funky" title="UK funky">UK funky</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Funkstep" title="Funkstep">Funkstep</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vocaloid_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Vocaloid music">Vocaloid music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witch_house_(genre)" title="Witch house (genre)">Witch house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wonky_(genre)" title="Wonky (genre)">Wonky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wonky_pop" title="Wonky pop">Wonky pop</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afroswing" title="Afroswing">Afroswing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algorave" title="Algorave">Algorave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amapiano" title="Amapiano">Amapiano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azonto" title="Azonto">Azonto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_room_house" title="Big room house">Big room house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_MIDI" title="Black MIDI">Black MIDI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_bass" class="mw-redirect" title="Brazilian bass">Brazilian bass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bro-country" title="Bro-country">Bro-country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deconstructed_club" title="Deconstructed club">Deconstructed club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dreampunk" title="Dreampunk">Dreampunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funktronica" class="mw-redirect" title="Funktronica">Funktronica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Future_bass" title="Future bass">Future bass</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kawaii_future_bass" class="mw-redirect" title="Kawaii future bass">Kawaii future bass</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Future_house" title="Future house">Future house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Future_soul" title="Future soul">Future soul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperpop" title="Hyperpop">Hyperpop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gqom" title="Gqom">Gqom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jungle_terror" class="mw-redirect" title="Jungle terror">Jungle terror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lofi_hip_hop" title="Lofi hip hop">Lofi hip hop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahraganat" title="Mahraganat">Mahraganat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_bounce" class="mw-redirect" title="Melbourne bounce">Melbourne bounce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moombahton" title="Moombahton">Moombahton</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moombahcore" class="mw-redirect" title="Moombahcore">Moombahcore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moombahsoul" class="mw-redirect" title="Moombahsoul">Moombahsoul</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumble_rap" title="Mumble rap">Mumble rap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outsider_house" title="Outsider house">Outsider house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plugg_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Plugg (music)">Plugg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-dubstep" title="Post-dubstep">Post-dubstep</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brostep" title="Brostep">Brostep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riddim_(genre)" title="Riddim (genre)">Riddim (genre)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rara_tech" title="Rara tech">Rara tech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seapunk" title="Seapunk">Seapunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shamstep" title="Shamstep">Shamstep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trap_music_(EDM)" class="mw-redirect" title="Trap music (EDM)">EDM trap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropical_house" title="Tropical house">Tropical house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaporwave" title="Vaporwave">Vaporwave</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hardvapour" title="Hardvapour">Hardvapour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mallsoft" title="Mallsoft">Mallsoft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chopped_%26_screwed#Slowed_and_reverb" class="mw-redirect" title="Chopped & screwed">Slowed and reverb</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wave_music" title="Wave music">Wave</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hardwave" class="mw-redirect" title="Hardwave">Hardwave</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weird_SoundCloud" title="Weird SoundCloud">Weird SoundCloud</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Breakcore#2020s_revival" title="Breakcore">Breakcore revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drift_phonk" class="mw-redirect" title="Drift phonk">Drift phonk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperpop#Related_genres" title="Hyperpop">Hyperpop microgenres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plugg_(music)#Proliferation_of_micro-subgenres" class="mw-redirect" title="Plugg (music)">Plugg microgenres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rage_rap" class="mw-redirect" title="Rage rap">Rage</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drop_(music)" title="Drop (music)">Beat drop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Club_drug" title="Club drug">Club drug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disc_jockey" title="Disc jockey">Disc jockey</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DJ_mix" title="DJ mix">DJ mix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound_system_(DJ)" title="Sound system (DJ)">Sound system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turntablism" title="Turntablism">Turntablism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mashup_(music)" title="Mashup (music)">Mashup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microgenre" title="Microgenre">Microgenre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nightclub" title="Nightclub">Nightclub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rave" title="Rave">Rave</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acid_house_party" title="Acid house party">Acid house party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circuit_party" title="Circuit party">Circuit party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doof" title="Doof">Doof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_electronic_dance_music_festivals" class="mw-redirect" title="List of electronic dance music festivals">EDM festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_party" title="Free party">Free party</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Teknival" title="Teknival">Teknival</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remix" title="Remix">Remix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sampling_(music)" title="Sampling (music)">Sampling</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Plunderphonics" title="Plunderphonics">Plunderphonics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rare_groove" title="Rare groove">Rare groove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riddim" title="Riddim">Riddim</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_dance" title="Street dance">Street dance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/House_dance" title="House dance">House dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rave_dance" class="mw-redirect" title="Rave dance">Rave dance</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Genres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bass_music" title="Bass music">Bass music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_fusion" title="Celtic fusion">Celtic fusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chill-out_music" title="Chill-out music">Chill-out music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lounge_music" title="Lounge music">Lounge music</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disco" title="Disco">Disco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doujin_music" title="Doujin music">Doujin music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lo-fi_music" title="Lo-fi music">Lo-fi music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madchester" title="Madchester">Madchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_electronica" class="mw-redirect" title="Progressive electronica">Progressive electronica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rave_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Rave music">Rave music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reggae" title="Reggae">Reggae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound_collage" title="Sound collage">Sound collage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_game_music" title="Video game music">Video game music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adaptive_music" title="Adaptive music">Adaptive music</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bass_(sound)#Music_shows_and_dances" title="Bass (sound)">Bass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_sonification" title="Data sonification">Data sonification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_audio_workstation" title="Digital audio workstation">Digital audio workstation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drum_break" class="mw-redirect" title="Drum break">Drum break</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sampled_drum_breaks" title="Category:Sampled drum breaks">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_musical_instrument" title="Electronic musical instrument">Electronic musical instrument</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drum_machine" title="Drum machine">Drum machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sampler_(musical_instrument)" title="Sampler 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129.590 1 Template:Transl"," 5.52% 96.753 21 Template:Cite_news"," 4.79% 83.845 2 Template:Sfn"," 4.35% 76.221 20 Template:Cite_magazine"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"1.184","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":20343919,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFA._De_Curtis1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFA._Kellman\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFA._Stout2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAnderson2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFB._Eder\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFC._Gordon2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChristgau1982\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChristgau1983\"] = 3,\n [\"CITEREFClevverMusic\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCollett-WhiteMartin2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCollinsSchedelWilson2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFD._Lynskey2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFD._Nicholls1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFD._Nobakht2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFD._Rimmer2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDavid_Toop1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDespres2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDoran,_John2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDragaš2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEarls2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEdwards2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEmpire2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFisher2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFG._McNett1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGeslani2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGlenn_AppellDavid_Hemphill2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGraham\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGrogan2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGuha2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHarron1981\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHoffmann2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHolden2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFI._Martin\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIlic2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJ._Anderson2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJ._Ankeny\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJ._Berens1985\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJ._Bush\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJ._Bush2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJ._Harris2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJ._Lewis2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJ._Miller2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJ._StuessyS._D._Lipscomb2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJ._Walker2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJaksich2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJanjatović2024\"] = 4,\n [\"CITEREFJason_L.2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJohn_Bush\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJohnson2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJones2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFK._Hayes\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKempke2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLamb\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLester2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLipshutz2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFM._Goldstein2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFM._Jenkins2007\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFM._Ribowsky2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFM._Russ2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFM._Spicer2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFM._Sutton\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcCormick2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcCormick2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcIntyre\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMenze2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMettler2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMontgomery\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMullins2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMurray2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFN._Forsberg\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFN._Rama_Lohan2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNichols2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNikola2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFO\u0026#039;Neal2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFP._Bussy2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPatrick_Ryan,_USA_TODAY2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPaul_Lester2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPeel,_Ian2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPetridis2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPhipps2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPietroluongo2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPollock2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPower,_Ed2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFR._Brice2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFR._Unterberger2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRatliff2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRolling_Stone_Staff2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRudden2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRuhlmann\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFS._BorthwickR._Moy2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFS._Bultman\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFS._Huey\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFS._Leckart2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFS._Reynolds2005\"] = 11,\n [\"CITEREFS._Reynolds2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFS._Reynolds2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFS._T._Erlewine\"] = 5,\n [\"CITEREFS._T._Erlewine2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFS._Thornton2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSam_Richards2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFScott_SchinderAndy_Schwartz2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShand2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSheffield2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShikata2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShikata2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSimpson2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSmith1977\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSullivan2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFT._Cateforis\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFT._Cateforis2011\"] = 5,\n [\"CITEREFT._J._Seabrook2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFT._Maginnis\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFT._PinchF._Trocco2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThe_Seth_Man2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTrask1988\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTrust\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTrynkaBacon1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVulević2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilson2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWoo2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYoung\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZaleski,_Anne2015\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"AllMusic\"] = 5,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Cbignore\"] = 2,\n [\"Citation\"] = 71,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 12,\n [\"Cite episode\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 4,\n [\"Cite magazine\"] = 20,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 21,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 61,\n [\"Dead link\"] = 1,\n [\"Electronic music top\"] = 1,\n [\"Electronic rock\"] = 1,\n [\"Electronica\"] = 1,\n [\"Good article\"] = 1,\n [\"Harvnb\"] = 2,\n [\"Hlist\"] = 4,\n [\"ISBN\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox music genre\"] = 1,\n [\"Main\"] = 2,\n [\"New wave music\"] = 1,\n [\"Pop music\"] = 1,\n [\"Pp\"] = 1,\n [\"Quote box\"] = 1,\n [\"Redirect\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"See also\"] = 3,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 2,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Sister project links\"] = 1,\n [\"Synth pop-footer\"] = 1,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\nciteref_patterns = table#1 {\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","260","21.7"],["?","180","15.0"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","120","10.0"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","120","10.0"],["is_set \u003CModule:Citation/CS1/Utilities:23\u003E","40","3.3"],["\u003Cmw.lua:706\u003E","40","3.3"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::plain","40","3.3"],["makeMessage 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