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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-UNESCO_name_change" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#UNESCO_name_change"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>UNESCO name change</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-UNESCO_name_change-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Recent_events" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recent_events"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Recent events</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Recent_events-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Recent events subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Recent_events-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Arbeit_macht_frei_sign_theft" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arbeit_macht_frei_sign_theft"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span><i>Arbeit macht frei</i> sign theft</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arbeit_macht_frei_sign_theft-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Iranian_visit_denied" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iranian_visit_denied"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Iranian visit denied</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iranian_visit_denied-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Art_purchases" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Art_purchases"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Art purchases</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Art_purchases-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 18 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-18" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">18 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Museu_d%27Auschwitz%E2%80%93Birkenau" title="Museu d'Auschwitz–Birkenau – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Museu d'Auschwitz–Birkenau" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staatliches_Museum_Auschwitz-Birkenau" title="Staatliches Museum Auschwitz-Birkenau – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Staatliches Museum Auschwitz-Birkenau" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%83%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF_%CE%86%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%83%CE%B2%CE%B9%CF%84%CF%82_-_%CE%9C%CF%80%CE%AF%CF%81%CE%BA%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%BF%CF%85" title="Μουσείο Άουσβιτς - Μπίρκεναου – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μουσείο Άουσβιτς - Μπίρκεναου" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Museo_estatal_Auschwitz-Birkenau" title="Museo estatal Auschwitz-Birkenau – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Museo estatal Auschwitz-Birkenau" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Ctata_Muzeo_Auschwitz-Birkenau_en_O%C5%9Bwi%C4%99cim" title="Ŝtata Muzeo Auschwitz-Birkenau en Oświęcim – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ŝtata Muzeo Auschwitz-Birkenau en Oświęcim" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%87_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D8%A2%D8%B4%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B3-%D8%A8%D8%B1%DA%A9%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%88" title="موزه ایالتی آشویتس-برکناو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="موزه ایالتی آشویتس-برکناو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_national_Auschwitz-Birkenau" title="Musée national Auschwitz-Birkenau – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Musée national Auschwitz-Birkenau" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B7%D5%BE%D5%AB%D6%81-%D4%B2%D5%AB%D6%80%D5%AF%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%B8%D6%82_%D5%BA%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A9%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A3%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Աուշվից-Բիրկենաու պետական թանգարան – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Աուշվից-Բիրկենաու պետական թանգարան" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Museum_Negara_Auschwitz-Birkenau" title="Museum Negara Auschwitz-Birkenau – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Museum Negara Auschwitz-Birkenau" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Museo_statale_di_Auschwitz-Birkenau" title="Museo statale di Auschwitz-Birkenau – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Museo statale di Auschwitz-Birkenau" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%96%D7%99%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A5_%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%A7%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%95" title="מוזיאון אושוויץ בירקנאו – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מוזיאון אושוויץ בירקנאו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A8%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%AA-%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%99%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9B%E1%83%AC%E1%83%98%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9D_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A3%E1%83%96%E1%83%94%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="აუშვიც-ბირკენაუს სახელმწიფო მუზეუმი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="აუშვიც-ბირკენაუს სახელმწიფო მუზეუმი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auschwitz-Birkenau_%C3%81llami_M%C3%BAzeum" title="Auschwitz-Birkenau Állami Múzeum – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Auschwitz-Birkenau Állami Múzeum" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staatsmuseum_Auschwitz-Birkenau" title="Staatsmuseum Auschwitz-Birkenau – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Staatsmuseum Auschwitz-Birkenau" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%82%A6%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A5%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A3%E3%83%83%E3%83%84%E3%83%BB%E3%83%93%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B1%E3%83%8A%E3%82%A6%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A4%A8" title="アウシュヴィッツ・ビルケナウ博物館 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アウシュヴィッツ・ビルケナウ博物館" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pa%C5%84stwowe_Muzeum_Auschwitz-Birkenau_w_O%C5%9Bwi%C4%99cimiu" title="Państwowe Muzeum Auschwitz-Birkenau w Oświęcimiu – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Państwowe Muzeum Auschwitz-Birkenau w Oświęcimiu" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%90%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%86-%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83" title="Государственный музей Аушвиц-Биркенау – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Государственный музей Аушвиц-Биркенау" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%E1%BA%A3o_t%C3%A0ng_Nh%C3%A0_n%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bc_Auschwitz-Birkenau_%E1%BB%9F_O%C5%9Bwi%C4%99cim" title="Bảo tàng Nhà nước Auschwitz-Birkenau ở Oświęcim – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bảo tàng Nhà nước Auschwitz-Birkenau ở Oświęcim" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> </ul> 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href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Auschwitz-Birkenau_State_Museum&params=50_2_9_N_19_10_42_E_source:plwiki_region:PL-MA_type:landmark"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">50°2′9″N</span> <span class="longitude">19°10′42″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">50.03583°N 19.17833°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">50.03583; 19.17833</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Museum and memorial in Oświęcim, Poland</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Brama_Arbeit_Macht_frei.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Brama_Arbeit_Macht_frei.jpg/250px-Brama_Arbeit_Macht_frei.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="375" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Brama_Arbeit_Macht_frei.jpg/375px-Brama_Arbeit_Macht_frei.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Brama_Arbeit_Macht_frei.jpg/500px-Brama_Arbeit_Macht_frei.jpg 2x" data-file-width="533" data-file-height="800" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Entrance to <a href="/wiki/Auschwitz_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Auschwitz I">Auschwitz I</a>, 2014</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 250px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="250" data-height="200" data-zoom="13" data-overlays="["_58b4aad919fa818350ced2d989d68bfb171833b2"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,13,a,a,250x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Auschwitz-Birkenau_State_Museum&revid=1253646255&groups=_58b4aad919fa818350ced2d989d68bfb171833b2" width="250" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,13,a,a,250x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Auschwitz-Birkenau_State_Museum&revid=1253646255&groups=_58b4aad919fa818350ced2d989d68bfb171833b2 2x" alt="Map" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Established</th><td class="infobox-data">April 1946<sup id="cite_ref-firstyears_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-firstyears-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="adr"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data locality"><a href="/wiki/O%C5%9Bwi%C4%99cim" title="Oświęcim">Oświęcim</a>, Poland</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Visitors</th><td class="infobox-data">2.3 million (2019)<sup id="cite_ref-visitors2019_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-visitors2019-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Director</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/wiki/Piotr_Cywi%C5%84ski" title="Piotr Cywiński">Piotr Cywiński</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://auschwitz.org/en/">http://auschwitz.org/en/</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #eee;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151960987">body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox table{display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox caption{display:table-caption}</style> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><div style="border:4px solid #0177D3; line-height: 1.5; text-align: center;"> <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">UNESCO World Heritage Site</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Official name</th><td class="infobox-data">Auschwitz Birkenau German Nazi Concentration and Extermination Camp (1940–1945)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Includes</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"> <ol><li>Auschwitz</li> <li>Birkenau</li></ol> </div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;"><a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site#Selection_criteria" title="World Heritage Site">Criteria</a></th><td class="infobox-data category">Cultural: (vi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Reference</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/31">31</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Inscription</th><td class="infobox-data">1979 (3rd <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Committee" title="World Heritage Committee">Session</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Area</th><td class="infobox-data category">191.97 ha (474.4 acres)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Auschwitz-Birkenau_State_Museum&params=50_2_20_N_19_10_30_E_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">50°2′20″N</span> <span class="longitude">19°10′30″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">50.03889°N 19.17500°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">50.03889; 19.17500</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum</b> (<a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a>: <i lang="pl">Państwowe Muzeum Auschwitz-Birkenau</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a museum on the site of the <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi German</a> <a href="/wiki/Auschwitz_concentration_camp" title="Auschwitz concentration camp">Auschwitz concentration camp</a> in <a href="/wiki/O%C5%9Bwi%C4%99cim" title="Oświęcim">Oświęcim</a>, Poland. </p><p>The site includes the main concentration camp at <a href="/wiki/Auschwitz_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Auschwitz I">Auschwitz I</a> and the remains of the concentration and <a href="/wiki/Extermination_camp" title="Extermination camp">extermination camp</a> at <a href="/wiki/Auschwitz_II-Birkenau" class="mw-redirect" title="Auschwitz II-Birkenau">Auschwitz II-Birkenau</a>. Both were developed and run by Nazi Germany during its <a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="Occupation of Poland">occupation of Poland</a> in 1939–1945. The Polish government has preserved the site as a research centre and in memory of the 1.1 million people who died there, including 960,000 Jews, during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust" title="The Holocaust">the Holocaust</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It became a <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a> in 1979. <a href="/wiki/Piotr_Cywi%C5%84ski" title="Piotr Cywiński">Piotr Cywiński</a> is the museum's director.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Auschwitz-Birkenau_State_Museum&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Overview"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Auschwitz_concentration_camp" title="Auschwitz concentration camp">Auschwitz concentration camp</a>, <a href="/wiki/Monowitz_concentration_camp" title="Monowitz concentration camp">Monowitz concentration camp</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_subcamps_of_Auschwitz" title="List of subcamps of Auschwitz">List of subcamps of Auschwitz</a></div> <p>The museum was created in April 1946 by Tadeusz Wąsowicz and other former Auschwitz prisoners, acting under the direction of Poland's Ministry of Culture and Art.<sup id="cite_ref-firstyears_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-firstyears-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was formally founded on 2 July 1947 by an act of the Polish parliament.<sup id="cite_ref-timeline_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-timeline-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The site consists of 20 hectares (49 acres) in Auschwitz I and 171 hectares (420 acres) in Auschwitz II,<sup id="cite_ref-timeline_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-timeline-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which lies about three kilometres from the main camp. Over 25 million people have visited the museum. From 1955 to 1990, the museum was directed by one of its founders and former inmates, <a href="/wiki/Kazimierz_Smole%C5%84" title="Kazimierz Smoleń">Kazimierz Smoleń</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2019, 2,320,000 people visited the site, including visitors from Poland (at least 396,000), United Kingdom (200,000), United States (120,000), Italy (104,000), Germany (73,000), Spain (70,000), France (67,000), Israel (59,000), Ireland (42,000), and Sweden (40,000).<sup id="cite_ref-visitors2019_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-visitors2019-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Auschwitz-Birkenau_State_Museum&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Birkenau_Walk_of_Death.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Birkenau_Walk_of_Death.jpg/290px-Birkenau_Walk_of_Death.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Birkenau_Walk_of_Death.jpg/435px-Birkenau_Walk_of_Death.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Birkenau_Walk_of_Death.jpg/580px-Birkenau_Walk_of_Death.jpg 2x" data-file-width="811" data-file-height="461" /></a><figcaption>Gate in Auschwitz II-Birkenau</figcaption></figure> <p>The first exhibition in the barracks opened in 1947. In <a href="/wiki/Stalinist_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="Stalinist Poland">Stalinist Poland</a>, on the seventh anniversary of the first deportation of Polish captives to Auschwitz, the exhibition was revised with the assistance of former inmates. The exhibition was influenced by the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a> and next to pictures of Jewish ghettos, photos of <a href="/wiki/Slum" title="Slum">slums</a> in the US were presented. After <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Stalin's</a> death, a new exhibition was planned in 1955. In 1959, every nation that had victims in Auschwitz received the right to present its own exhibition. However, victims like homosexuals, <a href="/wiki/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witnesses</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sinti_and_Roma" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinti and Roma">Sinti and Roma</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Yeniche_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Yeniche people">Yeniche people</a> did not receive these rights. The state of <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> was also refused the allowance for its own exhibition as the murdered Jews in Auschwitz were not citizens of Israel. In April 1968, the Jewish exhibition, designed by <a href="/wiki/Andrzej_Szczypiorski" title="Andrzej Szczypiorski">Andrzej Szczypiorski</a>, was opened. In 1979, <a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">Pope John Paul II</a> held a mass in Birkenau and called the camp a "<a href="/wiki/Golgotha" class="mw-redirect" title="Golgotha">Golgotha</a> of our times". </p><p>In 1962, a prevention zone around the museum in Birkenau (and in 1977, one around the museum in Auschwitz) was established to maintain the historical condition of the camp. These zones were confirmed by the Polish parliament in 1999. In 1967, the first big memorial monument was inaugurated and in the 1990s the first information boards were set up. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National_exhibitions">National exhibitions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Auschwitz-Birkenau_State_Museum&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: National exhibitions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Auschwitz_Death_wall_1.5.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Auschwitz_Death_wall_1.5.jpg/290px-Auschwitz_Death_wall_1.5.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Auschwitz_Death_wall_1.5.jpg/435px-Auschwitz_Death_wall_1.5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Auschwitz_Death_wall_1.5.jpg/580px-Auschwitz_Death_wall_1.5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="895" data-file-height="504" /></a><figcaption>The Auschwitz death wall, where inmates were executed, was located near <a href="/wiki/Block_11" title="Block 11">block 11</a> in <a href="/wiki/Auschwitz_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Auschwitz I">Auschwitz I</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Since 1960, the so-called "national exhibitions" have been located in Auschwitz I. Most of them were renewed from time to time; for example, those of Belgium, France, Hungary, Netherlands, Slovakia, Czech Republic, and the former Soviet Union. The German exhibition, which was made by the former <a href="/wiki/East_Germany" title="East Germany">GDR</a>, has not been renewed. </p><p>The first national exhibition of the Soviet Union was opened in 1961 and renewed in 1977 and 1985. In 2003, the Russian organizing committee suggested presenting a completely new exhibition. The Soviet part of the museum was closed, but the reopening was delayed as there were differences in the questions of the territorial situation of the Soviet Union between 1939 and 1941. The question of the territories annexed by the USSR during the war, i.e. the Baltic countries, eastern Poland, and Moldova could not be solved. <a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia" title="Yugoslavia">Yugoslav</a> pavilion and exhibition, which memorialized Auschwitz victims primarily through their antifascist struggle, was opened in 1963.<sup id="cite_ref-Subotić_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Subotić-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2002, Croatia, as one of Yugoslav successor states, notified the Auschwitz Memorial Museum that it wanted the Yugoslav exhibition dismantled and demanded permission to establish its own national exhibition.<sup id="cite_ref-Subotić_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Subotić-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The museum rejected the proposal and notified all Yugoslav <a href="/wiki/Successor_states" class="mw-redirect" title="Successor states">successor states</a> that only a renovated joint exhibit would be appropriate.<sup id="cite_ref-Subotić_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Subotić-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since they failed to create a joint exhibition, the Yugoslav exhibition was closed down in 2009 and its contents were sent the <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Yugoslavia" title="Museum of Yugoslavia">Museum of Yugoslavia</a> in <a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a>, while Block 17, which hosted the exhibition, remains empty.<sup id="cite_ref-Subotić_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Subotić-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In late January of 2024 it was announced that with the assistance of <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> six <a href="/wiki/Agreement_on_Succession_Issues_of_the_Former_Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Agreement on Succession Issues of the Former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">successor states of SFR Yugoslavia</a> — <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a> — have reached an agreement to reopen a joint exhibition about the Holocaust in Yugoslavia.<sup id="cite_ref-EX-YU_States_Exhibition_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EX-YU_States_Exhibition-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1978, Austria opened its own exhibition, presenting itself as a victim of <a href="/wiki/National_Socialism" class="mw-redirect" title="National Socialism">National Socialism</a>. This one-sided view motivated<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Austrian political scientist <a href="/wiki/Andreas_Maislinger" title="Andreas Maislinger">Andreas Maislinger</a> to work in the museum within the <a href="/wiki/Action_Reconciliation_Service_for_Peace" title="Action Reconciliation Service for Peace">Action Reconciliation Service for Peace</a> in 1980/81. Later he founded the <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Holocaust_Memorial_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Austrian Holocaust Memorial Service">Austrian Holocaust Memorial Service</a>. The Austrian federal president <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Kirchschl%C3%A4ger" title="Rudolf Kirchschläger">Rudolf Kirchschläger</a> had advised Maislinger that as a young Austrian he did not need to atone for anything in Auschwitz. Due to this disapproving attitude of the official Austrian representation, the Austrian Holocaust Memorial Service could not be launched before September 1992. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Filming">Filming</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Auschwitz-Birkenau_State_Museum&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Filming"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The museum has allowed scenes for four films to be filmed on the site: <i><a href="/wiki/Passenger_(1963_film)" title="Passenger (1963 film)">Pasażerka</a></i> (1963) by Polish director <a href="/wiki/Andrzej_Munk" title="Andrzej Munk">Andrzej Munk</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Landscape_After_the_Battle" title="Landscape After the Battle">Landscape After the Battle</a></i> (1970) by Polish director <a href="/wiki/Andrzej_Wajda" title="Andrzej Wajda">Andrzej Wajda</a>, and a television miniseries, <i><a href="/wiki/War_and_Remembrance_(miniseries)" title="War and Remembrance (miniseries)">War and Remembrance</a></i> (1988), and <a href="/wiki/Denial_(2016_film)" title="Denial (2016 film)"><i>Denial</i></a> (2016). Although the Polish government permitted the construction of film sets on its grounds to shoot scenes for <i><a href="/wiki/Schindler%27s_List" title="Schindler's List">Schindler's List</a></i> (1993), <a href="/wiki/Steven_Spielberg" title="Steven Spielberg">Steven Spielberg</a> chose to build a "replica" camp entrance outside the infamous archway for the scene in which the train arrives carrying the women who were saved by <a href="/wiki/Oskar_Schindler" title="Oskar Schindler">Oskar Schindler</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Palowski1998_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palowski1998-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religious_disputes">Religious disputes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Auschwitz-Birkenau_State_Museum&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Religious disputes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Auschwitz_cross" title="Auschwitz cross">Auschwitz cross</a></div> <p>In 1979, the newly elected Polish Pope John Paul II celebrated <a href="/wiki/Mass_(liturgy)" title="Mass (liturgy)">mass</a> on the grounds of Auschwitz II to some 500,000 people, and announced that <a href="/wiki/Edith_Stein" title="Edith Stein">Edith Stein</a> would be <a href="/wiki/Beatification" title="Beatification">beatified</a>. Some Catholics erected a cross near Bunker 2 of Auschwitz II where she had been gassed. A short while later, a <a href="/wiki/Star_of_David" title="Star of David">Star of David</a> appeared at the site, leading to a proliferation of religious symbols, which were eventually removed. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Carmelite_nun" class="mw-redirect" title="Carmelite nun">Carmelite nuns</a> opened a convent near Auschwitz I in 1984. After some Jewish groups called for the removal of the convent, representatives of the Catholic Church agreed in 1987. One year later, the Carmelites erected an 8 m (26 ft) tall cross from the 1979 mass near their site, just outside <a href="/wiki/Block_11" title="Block 11">Block 11</a> and barely visible from within the camp. This led to protests by Jewish groups, who said that mostly Jews were killed at Auschwitz and demanded that religious symbols be kept away from the site. The Catholic Church told the Carmelites to move by 1989, but they stayed on until 1993, leaving the cross behind. In 1998, after further calls to remove the cross, some 300 smaller crosses were erected by local activists near the large one, leading to further protests and heated exchanges. Following an agreement between the Polish Catholic Church and the Polish government, the smaller crosses were removed in 1999, but a large papal one remains.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Liberation-day_anniversaries">Liberation-day anniversaries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Auschwitz-Birkenau_State_Museum&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Liberation-day anniversaries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Auschwitz_shoes_2019.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Auschwitz_shoes_2019.jpg/220px-Auschwitz_shoes_2019.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Auschwitz_shoes_2019.jpg/330px-Auschwitz_shoes_2019.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Auschwitz_shoes_2019.jpg/440px-Auschwitz_shoes_2019.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4200" data-file-height="2800" /></a><figcaption>Shoes of victims of Auschwitz I in the Museum</figcaption></figure> <p>The 50th anniversary of the liberation ceremony was held in Auschwitz I in 1995. About a thousand ex-prisoners attended it. In 1996, Germany made 27 January, the day of the liberation of Auschwitz, the official day for the commemoration of the victims of National Socialism. Countries that have also adopted similar memorial days include Denmark (Auschwitz Day), Italy (Memorial Day), and Poland (Memorial Day for the Victims of Nazism). A commemoration was held for the 70th anniversary of the liberation in 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the 78th anniversary of the camp's liberation in 2023, the <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russian</a> delegation to <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a> was not invited, due to the country's <a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">invasion of Ukraine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Visiting_the_museum">Visiting the museum</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Auschwitz-Birkenau_State_Museum&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Visiting the museum"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Auschwitz_Memorial_to_Last_Prisoners_Killed.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Auschwitz_Memorial_to_Last_Prisoners_Killed.jpg/200px-Auschwitz_Memorial_to_Last_Prisoners_Killed.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="276" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Auschwitz_Memorial_to_Last_Prisoners_Killed.jpg/300px-Auschwitz_Memorial_to_Last_Prisoners_Killed.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Auschwitz_Memorial_to_Last_Prisoners_Killed.jpg/400px-Auschwitz_Memorial_to_Last_Prisoners_Killed.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2156" data-file-height="2976" /></a><figcaption>Memorial to the last 700 prisoners killed in the final days of Auschwitz I's operation located outside the car park of Auschwitz I</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Killing_Field_at_Auschwitz_I_Entrance.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Killing_Field_at_Auschwitz_I_Entrance.jpg/200px-Killing_Field_at_Auschwitz_I_Entrance.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Killing_Field_at_Auschwitz_I_Entrance.jpg/300px-Killing_Field_at_Auschwitz_I_Entrance.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Killing_Field_at_Auschwitz_I_Entrance.jpg/400px-Killing_Field_at_Auschwitz_I_Entrance.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>Killing field at the entrance of Auschwitz I where thousands of prisoners were shot during the camp's operation</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Auschwitz_I_Barracks.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Auschwitz_I_Barracks.jpg/200px-Auschwitz_I_Barracks.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Auschwitz_I_Barracks.jpg/300px-Auschwitz_I_Barracks.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Auschwitz_I_Barracks.jpg/400px-Auschwitz_I_Barracks.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3916" data-file-height="2429" /></a><figcaption>Barracks and checkpoints on the premise of Auschwitz I</figcaption></figure> <p>Entry to both parts of the museum is free, with entry passes required for all visitors, which can be acquired by online purchase or drop-in. Entrance security screening is operated at Auschwitz I in which the vast majority of exhibitions, including the former gas chamber and crematorium, are located. </p><p>Guided tours are the most common visiting method, which are estimated to take around three hours each time, with limited free entry passes each day due to reportedly high demand, whose reservation is allowed up to 90 days prior to the desired visit date. Guided tours in <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> are not always available. Unguided individual visit is possible, depending on entry pass availability on a given day.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Auschwitz I is situated short of 2 km south of the <a href="/wiki/O%C5%9Bwi%C4%99cim" title="Oświęcim">Oświęcim</a> train station, while free shuttle buses commute between the Auschwitz I and II every 10 <a href="/wiki/Minutes" title="Minutes">minutes</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="UNESCO_name_change">UNESCO name change</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Auschwitz-Birkenau_State_Museum&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: UNESCO name change"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Polish_death_camp_controversy" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish death camp controversy">Polish death camp controversy</a></div> <p>The Polish Foreign Ministry has voiced objections to the use of the expression "Polish death camp" in relation to Auschwitz, in case the phrase suggested that Poland rather than Germany had perpetrated the Holocaust. In June 2007, the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Committee" title="World Heritage Committee">World Heritage Committee</a> changed its own name for the site from "Auschwitz Concentration Camp" to "Auschwitz Birkenau", with the subtitle "German Nazi Concentration and Extermination Camp (1940–1945)".<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Recent_events">Recent events</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Auschwitz-Birkenau_State_Museum&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Recent events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arbeit_macht_frei_sign_theft"><i>Arbeit macht frei</i> sign theft</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Auschwitz-Birkenau_State_Museum&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Arbeit macht frei sign theft"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Auschwitz_entrance.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6f/Auschwitz_entrance.JPG/220px-Auschwitz_entrance.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6f/Auschwitz_entrance.JPG/330px-Auschwitz_entrance.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6f/Auschwitz_entrance.JPG/440px-Auschwitz_entrance.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1632" data-file-height="1184" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Arbeit_macht_frei" title="Arbeit macht frei">Arbeit macht frei</a></i> at Auschwitz I</figcaption></figure> <p>Early in the morning on 18 December 2009, the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Arbeit_macht_frei" title="Arbeit macht frei">Arbeit macht frei</a></i></span> (<span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">work makes you free</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>) sign over the gate of Auschwitz I was stolen.<sup id="cite_ref-5_arrested_as_Auschwitz_sign_recovered_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5_arrested_as_Auschwitz_sign_recovered-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Police found the sign hidden in a forest outside <a href="/wiki/Gda%C5%84sk" title="Gdańsk">Gdańsk</a> two days later.<sup id="cite_ref-5_arrested_as_Auschwitz_sign_recovered_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5_arrested_as_Auschwitz_sign_recovered-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The theft was organised by a Swedish former neo-Nazi, Anders Högström, who reportedly hoped to use proceeds from the sale of the sign to a collector of Nazi memorabilia to finance a series of terror attacks aimed at influencing voters in upcoming Swedish parliamentary elections.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Högström was convicted in Poland and sentenced to serve two years, eight months in a Swedish prison, and five Polish men who had acted on his behalf served prison time in Poland.<sup id="cite_ref-Spiegel_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spiegel-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-JTA_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JTA-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Högström and his accomplices badly damaged the sign during the theft, cutting it into three pieces.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Lloyd_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lloyd-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Conservationists restored the sign to its original condition, and it currently is in storage, awaiting eventual display inside the museum.<sup id="cite_ref-Conservationists_at_the_Memorial_Put_the_Arbeit_macht_frei_Sign_Back_Together_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Conservationists_at_the_Memorial_Put_the_Arbeit_macht_frei_Sign_Back_Together-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A replica hangs in its original place.<sup id="cite_ref-Mini_Dictionary_/_Press_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mini_Dictionary_/_Press-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Iranian_visit_denied">Iranian visit denied</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Auschwitz-Birkenau_State_Museum&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Iranian visit denied"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In February 2006, Poland refused to grant visas to <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iranian</a> researchers who were planning to visit Auschwitz.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Polish Foreign Minister <a href="/wiki/Stefan_Meller" title="Stefan Meller">Stefan Meller</a> said his country should stop Iran from investigating the scale of the Holocaust, which <a href="/wiki/President_of_Iran" title="President of Iran">Iranian President</a> <a href="/wiki/Mahmoud_Ahmadinejad" title="Mahmoud Ahmadinejad">Mahmoud Ahmadinejad</a> had dismissed as a myth.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Iran has recently tried to leave the Ahmadinejad rhetoric in the past, but President Rouhani has never repudiated his predecessor's idea that the scale of the Holocaust is exaggerated.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Holocaust_denial" title="Holocaust denial">Holocaust denial</a> is punishable in Poland by a prison sentence of up to three years.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Art_purchases">Art purchases</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Auschwitz-Birkenau_State_Museum&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Art purchases"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Czechoslovakian Jew <a href="/wiki/Dina_Babbitt" title="Dina Babbitt">Dina Babbitt</a> imprisoned at Auschwitz-Birkenau in 1943–1945 painted a dozen portraits of Romani inmates for the war criminal <a href="/wiki/Josef_Mengele" title="Josef Mengele">Josef Mengele</a> during his medical experiments. Seven of the original 12 studies were discovered after the Holocaust and purchased by the Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum in 1963 from an Auschwitz survivor. The museum asked Babbitt to return to Poland in 1973 to identify her work. She did so but also requested that the museum allow her to take her paintings home with her. Officials from the museum led by <a href="/wiki/Rabbi" title="Rabbi">Rabbi</a> Andrew Baker stated that the portraits belonged to the SS and Mengele, who died in Brazil in 1979. There was an initiative to have the museum return the portraits in 1999,<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> headed by the U.S. government petitioned by <a href="/wiki/Rafael_Medoff" title="Rafael Medoff">Rafael Medoff</a> and 450 American comic book artists.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The museum rejected these claims as legally groundless.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Auschwitz-Birkenau_State_Museum&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Majdanek_State_Museum" title="Majdanek State Museum">Majdanek State Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Youth_Meeting_Center_in_O%C5%9Bwi%C4%99cim/Auschwitz" title="International Youth Meeting Center in Oświęcim/Auschwitz">International Youth Meeting Center in Oświęcim/Auschwitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auschwitz_Supermarket" title="Auschwitz Supermarket">Auschwitz Supermarket</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Auschwitz-Birkenau_State_Museum&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-firstyears-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-firstyears_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-firstyears_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://auschwitz.org/en/museum/history-of-the-memorial/the-first-years-of-the-memorial/">"The first years of the Memorial"</a>. Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+first+years+of+the+Memorial&rft.pub=Auschwitz-Birkenau+State+Museum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fauschwitz.org%2Fen%2Fmuseum%2Fhistory-of-the-memorial%2Fthe-first-years-of-the-memorial%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuschwitz-Birkenau+State+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-visitors2019-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-visitors2019_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-visitors2019_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://auschwitz.org/en/museum/news/2-million-320-thousand-visitors-at-the-auschwitz-memorial-in-2019,1400.html">"2 million 320 thousand visitors at the Auschwitz Memorial in 2019"</a>. Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2+million+320+thousand+visitors+at+the+Auschwitz+Memorial+in+2019&rft.pub=Auschwitz-Birkenau+State+Museum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fauschwitz.org%2Fen%2Fmuseum%2Fnews%2F2-million-320-thousand-visitors-at-the-auschwitz-memorial-in-2019%2C1400.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuschwitz-Birkenau+State+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://auschwitz.org/en/copyright/">"Copyright"</a>. Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Copyright&rft.pub=Auschwitz-Birkenau+State+Museum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fauschwitz.org%2Fen%2Fcopyright%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuschwitz-Birkenau+State+Museum" class="Z3988"></span><div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div> <p><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://auschwitz.org/copyright/">"Copyright"</a> (in Polish). Państwowe Muzeum Auschwitz-Birkenau.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Copyright&rft.pub=Pa%C5%84stwowe+Muzeum+Auschwitz-Birkenau&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fauschwitz.org%2Fcopyright%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuschwitz-Birkenau+State+Museum" class="Z3988"></span> </p> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For the figures, see <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPiper2000" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Piper, Franciszek (2000). Długoborski, Wacław; Piper, Franciszek (eds.). <a href="/wiki/Auschwitz_1940%E2%80%931945" title="Auschwitz 1940–1945"><i>Auschwitz, 1940–1945. Central Issues in the History of the Camp</i></a>. Vol. III: Mass Murder. Oświęcim: Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum. p. 230. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8385047872" title="Special:BookSources/978-8385047872"><bdi>978-8385047872</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/929235229">929235229</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Auschwitz%2C+1940%E2%80%931945.+Central+Issues+in+the+History+of+the+Camp&rft.place=O%C5%9Bwi%C4%99cim&rft.pages=230&rft.pub=Auschwitz-Birkenau+State+Museum&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F929235229&rft.isbn=978-8385047872&rft.aulast=Piper&rft.aufirst=Franciszek&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuschwitz-Birkenau+State+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://auschwitz.org/en/museum/news/distinction-of-the-special-prize-of-the-european-civil-rights-prize-of-the-sinti-and-roma-for-piotr-m-a-cywinski,1375.html">"Distinction of the Special Prize of the European Civil Rights Prize of the Sinti and Roma for Piotr M. A. Cywiński"</a>. Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Distinction+of+the+Special+Prize+of+the+European+Civil+Rights+Prize+of+the+Sinti+and+Roma+for+Piotr+M.+A.+Cywi%C5%84ski&rft.pub=Auschwitz-Birkenau+State+Museum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fauschwitz.org%2Fen%2Fmuseum%2Fnews%2Fdistinction-of-the-special-prize-of-the-european-civil-rights-prize-of-the-sinti-and-roma-for-piotr-m-a-cywinski%2C1375.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuschwitz-Birkenau+State+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-timeline-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-timeline_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-timeline_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://auschwitz.org/en/museum/history-of-the-memorial/memorial-timeline/">"Memorial timeline"</a>. <i>Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Auschwitz-Birkenau+State+Museum&rft.atitle=Memorial+timeline&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fauschwitz.org%2Fen%2Fmuseum%2Fhistory-of-the-memorial%2Fmemorial-timeline%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuschwitz-Birkenau+State+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jewish-guide.pl/">www.jewish-guide.pl Bio note on Kazimierz Smoleń</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Subotić-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Subotić_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Subotić_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Subotić_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Subotić_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJelena_Subotić2019" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jelena_Suboti%C4%87" title="Jelena Subotić">Jelena Subotić</a> (2019). <i>Yellow Star, Red Star: Holocaust Remembrance after Communism</i>. <a href="/wiki/Ithaca,_NY" class="mw-redirect" title="Ithaca, NY">Ithaca, NY</a> & <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>: <a href="/wiki/Cornell_University_Press" title="Cornell University Press">Cornell University Press</a>. pp. 111–130. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781501742408" title="Special:BookSources/9781501742408"><bdi>9781501742408</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Yellow+Star%2C+Red+Star%3A+Holocaust+Remembrance+after+Communism&rft.place=Ithaca%2C+NY+%26+London&rft.pages=111-130&rft.pub=Cornell+University+Press&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=9781501742408&rft.au=Jelena+Suboti%C4%87&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuschwitz-Birkenau+State+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EX-YU_States_Exhibition-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EX-YU_States_Exhibition_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMilica_StojanovićVuk_TesijeAzem_Kurtić2024" class="citation news cs1">Milica Stojanović; Vuk Tesije; Azem Kurtić (26 January 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://balkaninsight.com/2024/01/26/six-ex-yugoslav-states-to-restore-joint-exhibition-at-auschwitz-memorial/?fbclid=IwAR1uKKxOkDGk8p1e9qXvbK8M2zW-ewdk0L0VrqkTE3IJoGuOctbmM4vOd28">"Six Ex-Yugoslav States to Restore Joint Exhibition at Auschwitz Memorial"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Balkan_Insight" title="Balkan Insight">Balkan Insight</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Balkan+Insight&rft.atitle=Six+Ex-Yugoslav+States+to+Restore+Joint+Exhibition+at+Auschwitz+Memorial&rft.date=2024-01-26&rft.au=Milica+Stojanovi%C4%87&rft.au=Vuk+Tesije&rft.au=Azem+Kurti%C4%87&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbalkaninsight.com%2F2024%2F01%2F26%2Fsix-ex-yugoslav-states-to-restore-joint-exhibition-at-auschwitz-memorial%2F%3Ffbclid%3DIwAR1uKKxOkDGk8p1e9qXvbK8M2zW-ewdk0L0VrqkTE3IJoGuOctbmM4vOd28&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuschwitz-Birkenau+State+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaislinger1992" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Andreas_Maislinger" title="Andreas Maislinger">Maislinger, Andreas</a> (13 February 1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030308063351/http://www.auslandsdienst.at/press/archive/juedischerundschauengl_13.2.1992.htm">"Commemorative Service"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Review" title="Jewish Review">Jewish Review</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.auslandsdienst.at/press/archive/juedischerundschauengl_13.2.1992.htm">the original</a> on 8 March 2003.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Commemorative+Service&rft.pub=Jewish+Review&rft.date=1992-02-13&rft.aulast=Maislinger&rft.aufirst=Andreas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.auslandsdienst.at%2Fpress%2Farchive%2Fjuedischerundschauengl_13.2.1992.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuschwitz-Birkenau+State+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Palowski1998-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Palowski1998_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPalowski1998" class="citation book cs1">Palowski, Franciszek (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IagqAAAAYAAJ"><i>The Making of Schindler's List: Behind the Scenes of an Epic Film</i></a>. Carol Publishing Group. p. 22. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55972-445-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55972-445-6"><bdi>978-1-55972-445-6</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Making+of+Schindler%27s+List%3A+Behind+the+Scenes+of+an+Epic+Film&rft.pages=22&rft.pub=Carol+Publishing+Group&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-1-55972-445-6&rft.aulast=Palowski&rft.aufirst=Franciszek&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIagqAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuschwitz-Birkenau+State+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jewish-guide.pl/sites/auschwitz-birkenau-museum">Article on Auschwitz-Birkenau Museum</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAkkocAndrew_Marszal2015" class="citation news cs1">Akkoc, Raziye; Andrew Marszal (27 January 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150127205452/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/history/world-war-two/11371241/Holocaust-Memorial-Day-commemorations-across-Europe-mark-70th-anniversary-of-Auschwitz-liberation-latest.html">"Holocaust Memorial Day: commemorations mark 70th anniversary of Auschwitz liberation"</a>. <i>The Telegraph</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/history/world-war-two/11371241/Holocaust-Memorial-Day-commemorations-across-Europe-mark-70th-anniversary-of-Auschwitz-liberation-latest.html">the original</a> on 27 January 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Holocaust+Memorial+Day%3A+commemorations+mark+70th+anniversary+of+Auschwitz+liberation&rft.date=2015-01-27&rft.aulast=Akkoc&rft.aufirst=Raziye&rft.au=Andrew+Marszal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fhistory%2Fworld-war-two%2F11371241%2FHolocaust-Memorial-Day-commemorations-across-Europe-mark-70th-anniversary-of-Auschwitz-liberation-latest.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuschwitz-Birkenau+State+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEarly2015" class="citation web cs1">Early, Samantha (27 January 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dw.com/en/auschwitz-birkenau-commemorations/a-18217446">"Auschwitz-Birkenau commemorations"</a>. DW<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Auschwitz-Birkenau+commemorations&rft.pub=DW&rft.date=2015-01-27&rft.aulast=Early&rft.aufirst=Samantha&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fen%2Fauschwitz-birkenau-commemorations%2Fa-18217446&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuschwitz-Birkenau+State+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.krakowdiscovery.com/70th-anniversary-of-liberation-of-auschwitz/">"70th anniversary of liberation of Auschwitz"</a>. <i>Krakow Discovery</i>. 9 June 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Krakow+Discovery&rft.atitle=70th+anniversary+of+liberation+of+Auschwitz&rft.date=2020-06-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.krakowdiscovery.com%2F70th-anniversary-of-liberation-of-auschwitz%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuschwitz-Birkenau+State+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-64429625">"Ukraine war: Auschwitz anniversary marked without Russia"</a>. <i>BBC</i>. 27 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=Ukraine+war%3A+Auschwitz+anniversary+marked+without+Russia&rft.date=2023-01-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-64429625&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuschwitz-Birkenau+State+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://visit.auschwitz.org/?lang=en">"AUSCHWITZ-BIRKENAU: Select the type of the visit"</a>. <i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum</a></i>. 20 June 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Auschwitz-Birkenau+State+Museum&rft.atitle=AUSCHWITZ-BIRKENAU%3A+Select+the+type+of+the+visit&rft.date=2024-06-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvisit.auschwitz.org%2F%3Flang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuschwitz-Birkenau+State+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/news/363">"World Heritage Committee approves Auschwitz name change"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a></i>. 28 June 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UNESCO&rft.atitle=World+Heritage+Committee+approves+Auschwitz+name+change&rft.date=2007-06-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fen%2Fnews%2F363&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuschwitz-Birkenau+State+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5_arrested_as_Auschwitz_sign_recovered-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-5_arrested_as_Auschwitz_sign_recovered_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-5_arrested_as_Auschwitz_sign_recovered_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/europe/12/21/auschwitz.sign.found/">"5 arrested as Auschwitz sign recovered"</a>. <i>CNN</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=5+arrested+as+Auschwitz+sign+recovered&rft.issue=21+December+2009&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2009%2FWORLD%2Feurope%2F12%2F21%2Fauschwitz.sign.found%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuschwitz-Birkenau+State+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBalksjö2010" class="citation web cs1">Balksjö, Jessica (11 March 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aftonbladet.se/nyheter/article12230532.ab">"Högström riskerar tio års fängelse"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Aftonbladet" title="Aftonbladet">Aftonbladet</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 August</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=H%C3%B6gstr%C3%B6m+riskerar+tio+%C3%A5rs+f%C3%A4ngelse&rft.pub=Aftonbladet&rft.date=2010-03-11&rft.aulast=Balksj%C3%B6&rft.aufirst=Jessica&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aftonbladet.se%2Fnyheter%2Farticle12230532.ab&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuschwitz-Birkenau+State+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Spiegel-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Spiegel_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spiegel.de/panorama/justiz/arbeit-macht-frei-diebstahl-drahtzieher-zu-haftstrafe-verurteilt-a-737251.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Arbeit macht frei'- Diebstahl: Drahtzieher zu Haftstrafe verurteilt"</a> ['Work sets you free'- theft - Mastemind sentenced to prison]. <i>Spiegel Online</i> (in German). Spiegel-Verlag. 30 December 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 November</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Spiegel+Online&rft.atitle=%27Arbeit+macht+frei%27-+Diebstahl%3A+Drahtzieher+zu+Haftstrafe+verurteilt&rft.date=2010-12-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spiegel.de%2Fpanorama%2Fjustiz%2Farbeit-macht-frei-diebstahl-drahtzieher-zu-haftstrafe-verurteilt-a-737251.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuschwitz-Birkenau+State+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JTA-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-JTA_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jta.org/2014/11/02/news-opinion/world/gate-with-work-makes-you-free-sign-stolen-from-dachau">"Gate with 'Work Makes You Free' sign stolen from Dachau"</a>. Jewish Telegraphic Agency. 2 November 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gate+with+%27Work+Makes+You+Free%27+sign+stolen+from+Dachau&rft.pub=Jewish+Telegraphic+Agency&rft.date=2014-11-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jta.org%2F2014%2F11%2F02%2Fnews-opinion%2Fworld%2Fgate-with-work-makes-you-free-sign-stolen-from-dachau&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuschwitz-Birkenau+State+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-12094855">"Auschwitz sign theft: Swedish man jailed"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 30 December 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Auschwitz+sign+theft%3A+Swedish+man+jailed&rft.date=2010-12-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-12094855&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuschwitz-Birkenau+State+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lloyd-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lloyd_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLloyd2010" class="citation web cs1">Lloyd, Delia (1 January 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100103022239/http://www.politicsdaily.com/2010/01/01/auschwitz-sign-theft-linked-to-far-right-terrorist-plot/">"Auschwitz Sign Theft Linked to Far-Right Terrorist Plot"</a>. <i>Politics Daily</i>. AOL News. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.politicsdaily.com/2010/01/01/auschwitz-sign-theft-linked-to-far-right-terrorist-plot/">the original</a> on 3 January 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Politics+Daily&rft.atitle=Auschwitz+Sign+Theft+Linked+to+Far-Right+Terrorist+Plot&rft.date=2010-01-01&rft.aulast=Lloyd&rft.aufirst=Delia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.politicsdaily.com%2F2010%2F01%2F01%2Fauschwitz-sign-theft-linked-to-far-right-terrorist-plot%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuschwitz-Birkenau+State+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Conservationists_at_the_Memorial_Put_the_Arbeit_macht_frei_Sign_Back_Together-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Conservationists_at_the_Memorial_Put_the_Arbeit_macht_frei_Sign_Back_Together_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://auschwitz.org/en/museum/news/conservationists-at-the-memorial-put-the-arbeit-macht-frei-sign-back-together,826.html">"Conservationists at the Memorial Put the Arbeit macht frei Sign Back Together"</a>. <i>Auschwitz-Birkenau Memorial and Museum</i>. 18 May 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Auschwitz-Birkenau+Memorial+and+Museum&rft.atitle=Conservationists+at+the+Memorial+Put+the+Arbeit+macht+frei+Sign+Back+Together&rft.date=2011-05-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fauschwitz.org%2Fen%2Fmuseum%2Fnews%2Fconservationists-at-the-memorial-put-the-arbeit-macht-frei-sign-back-together%2C826.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuschwitz-Birkenau+State+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mini_Dictionary_/_Press-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mini_Dictionary_/_Press_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://auschwitz.org/en/press/mini-dictionary/#Arbeit%20macht%20frei">"Mini Dictionary: Arbeit macht frei"</a>. <i>Auschwitz-Birkenau Memorial and Museum</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Auschwitz-Birkenau+Memorial+and+Museum&rft.atitle=Mini+Dictionary%3A+Arbeit+macht+frei&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fauschwitz.org%2Fen%2Fpress%2Fmini-dictionary%2F%23Arbeit%2520macht%2520frei&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuschwitz-Birkenau+State+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.payvand.com/news/06/feb/1145.html">Poland to Bar Iranian Team from Auschwitz</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303172414/http://www.payvand.com/news/06/feb/1145.html">Archived</a> 3 March 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>Payvand</i>, 18 February 2006</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZippori2005" class="citation news cs1">Zippori, Michal (14 December 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051216125829/http://www.cnn.com/2005/WORLD/meast/12/14/iran.israel/">"Iranian leader: Holocaust a 'myth'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. CNN. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/2005/WORLD/meast/12/14/iran.israel/">the original</a> on 16 December 2005.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Iranian+leader%3A+Holocaust+a+%27myth%27&rft.date=2005-12-14&rft.aulast=Zippori&rft.aufirst=Michal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2005%2FWORLD%2Fmeast%2F12%2F14%2Firan.israel%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuschwitz-Birkenau+State+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSharafedin2013" class="citation news cs1">Sharafedin, Bozorgmehr (8 October 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-24442723">"Why Iran takes Issue with the Holocaust"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Why+Iran+takes+Issue+with+the+Holocaust&rft.date=2013-10-08&rft.aulast=Sharafedin&rft.aufirst=Bozorgmehr&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-middle-east-24442723&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuschwitz-Birkenau+State+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ipn.gov.pl/portal/en/32/46/Act_on_the_Institute.html">Text of the Act (English)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090904151634/http://www.ipn.gov.pl/portal/en/32/46/Act_on_the_Institute.html">Archived</a> 4 September 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Referred to Senate committee (8 May 1999), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120205063703/http://www.congress.gov/cgi-bin/bdquery/z?d106%3ASC00054%3A">S.CON.RES.54. Bill Summary & Status.</a> The Library of Congress, Internet Archive.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGustines2008" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/George_Gustines" title="George Gustines">Gustines, George Gene</a> (8 August 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2008/08/09/arts/design/09comi.html">"Comic-Book Idols Rally to Aid a Holocaust Artist"</a>. NY Times<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Comic-Book+Idols+Rally+to+Aid+a+Holocaust+Artist&rft.date=2008-08-08&rft.aulast=Gustines&rft.aufirst=George+Gene&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2008%2F08%2F09%2Farts%2Fdesign%2F09comi.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuschwitz-Birkenau+State+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.auschwitz.org/muzeum/miedzynarodowa-rada/posiedzenia-mro/posiedzenie-xvii-15-16-czerwca-2009-r-,17.html">Auschwitz-Birkenau Museum's position on issue of portraits made by Dinah Gottliebova-Babbitt.</a> Posiedzenie XVII: 15-16 czerwca 2009 r.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Auschwitz-Birkenau_State_Museum&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output 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li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Auschwitz_Museum" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Auschwitz Museum">Auschwitz Museum</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li>World Cultural Heritage <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/31">UNESCO-description</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jewish-guide.pl/sites/auschwitz-birkenau-museum">Article on visiting Auschwitz-Birkenau Museum</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/maps/@50.0274015,19.200523,3a,75y,79.19h,79.75t/data=!3m6!1e1!3m4!1sd6FtSL_GFlLYX-AnRgQsnw!2e0!7i13312!8i6656?hl=en">Google Earth view of the museum entrance</a></li></ul> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Auschwitz-Birkenau_State_Museum&params=50_2_9_N_19_10_42_E_source:plwiki_region:PL-MA_type:landmark"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">50°2′9″N</span> <span class="longitude">19°10′42″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">50.03583°N 19.17833°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">50.03583; 19.17833</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output 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aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q819729#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q819729#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q819729#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000108496424">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/266705516">VIAF</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/155963873">2</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1015236-2">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/nr93018133">United States</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n82119257">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Państwowe muzeum Auschwitz-Birkenau"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/USMV665409">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Państwowe Muzeum Oświęcim-Brzezinka"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ko2009552679&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Państwowe Muzeum w Oświęcimiu"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=kn20091216001&CON_LNG=ENG">2</a></span></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007266371805171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058596759506706">Catalonia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1302639">Trove</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Auschwitz-Birkenau_State_Museum&oldid=1253646255">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Auschwitz-Birkenau_State_Museum&oldid=1253646255</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" 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