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Available in 5 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-5" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">5 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vnit%C5%99n%C3%AD_p%C5%99%C3%ADkaz" title="Vnitřní příkaz – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Vnitřní příkaz" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Builtin_della_shell" title="Builtin della shell – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Builtin della shell" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comando_interno_do_shell" title="Comando interno do shell – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Comando interno do shell" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%B2%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4_bash" title="Список вбудованих команд bash – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Список вбудованих команд bash" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AE%BC%E5%B1%A4%E5%85%A7%E5%BB%BA%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A4" title="殼層內建指令 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="殼層內建指令" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7493710#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p>In computing, a <b>shell builtin</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Command_(computing)" title="Command (computing)">command</a> or a <a href="/wiki/Subroutine" class="mw-redirect" title="Subroutine">function</a>, called from a <a href="/wiki/Shell_(computing)" title="Shell (computing)">shell</a>, that is executed directly in the shell itself, instead of an external executable <a href="/wiki/Computer_program" title="Computer program">program</a> which the shell would load and execute.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Shell builtins work significantly faster than external programs, because there is no program loading overhead. However, their code is inherently present in the shell, and thus modifying or updating them requires modifications to the shell. Therefore, shell builtins are usually used for simple, almost trivial, functions, such as text output. Because of the nature of some <a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">operating systems</a>, some functions of the systems must necessarily be implemented as shell builtins. The most notable example is the <code><a href="/wiki/Cd_(command)" title="Cd (command)">cd</a></code> command, which changes the <a href="/wiki/Working_directory" title="Working directory">working directory</a> of the shell. Since each executable program runs in a separate <a href="/wiki/Process_(computing)" title="Process (computing)">process</a>, and working directories are specific to each process, loading <code>cd</code> as an external program would not affect the working directory of the shell that loaded it.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shell_builtin&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BusyBox" title="BusyBox">BusyBox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internal_DOS_command" class="mw-redirect" title="Internal DOS command">Internal DOS command</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shell_builtin&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799//utilities/V3_chap02.html#tag_18_09">POSIX standard: Shell Commands</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFTansley2000" class="citation book cs1">Tansley, David (2000). "24. Shell built-in commands". <i>Linux and Unix shell programming</i>. Harlow: Addison-Wesley. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780201674729" title="Special:BookSources/9780201674729"><bdi>9780201674729</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=24.+Shell+built-in+commands&rft.btitle=Linux+and+Unix+shell+programming&rft.place=Harlow&rft.pub=Addison-Wesley&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=9780201674729&rft.aulast=Tansley&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShell+builtin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSobell2003" class="citation book cs1">Sobell, Mark G. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7ExfDfcLZXsC&dq=shell+built-in+commands&pg=PA162">"Built-ins"</a>. <i>A Practical Guide to Red Hat Linux 8</i>. pp. 161–162.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Built-ins&rft.btitle=A+Practical+Guide+to+Red+Hat+Linux+8&rft.pages=161-162&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Sobell&rft.aufirst=Mark+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7ExfDfcLZXsC%26dq%3Dshell%2Bbuilt-in%2Bcommands%26pg%3DPA162&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShell+builtin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlbing,_CarlVossen,_JPNewham,_Cameron" class="citation book cs1">Albing, Carl; Vossen, JP; Newham, Cameron. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Qu6H8fnAvGoC&dq=shell+built-in+commands&pg=PA14">"1.7. Using or Replacing Built-ins and External Commands"</a>. <i>Bash Cookbook</i>. O'Reilly Media. pp. 13–15. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780596554705" title="Special:BookSources/9780596554705"><bdi>9780596554705</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=1.7.+Using+or+Replacing+Built-ins+and+External+Commands&rft.btitle=Bash+Cookbook&rft.pages=13-15&rft.pub=O%27Reilly+Media&rft.isbn=9780596554705&rft.au=Albing%2C+Carl&rft.au=Vossen%2C+JP&rft.au=Newham%2C+Cameron&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQu6H8fnAvGoC%26dq%3Dshell%2Bbuilt-in%2Bcommands%26pg%3DPA14&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShell+builtin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKuhnKimLopuz2015" class="citation book cs1">Kuhn, Darl; Kim, Charles; Lopuz, Bernard (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=p-wLCwAAQBAJ&dq=shell+built-in+commands&pg=PA46"><i>Linux and Solaris Recipes for Oracle DBAs</i></a> (2nd ed.). Berkeley, CA: Apress. p. 47. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781484212547" title="Special:BookSources/9781484212547"><bdi>9781484212547</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Linux+and+Solaris+Recipes+for+Oracle+DBAs&rft.place=Berkeley%2C+CA&rft.pages=47&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Apress&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9781484212547&rft.aulast=Kuhn&rft.aufirst=Darl&rft.au=Kim%2C+Charles&rft.au=Lopuz%2C+Bernard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dp-wLCwAAQBAJ%26dq%3Dshell%2Bbuilt-in%2Bcommands%26pg%3DPA46&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShell+builtin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shell_builtin&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799//utilities/V3_chap02.html#tag_18_14">List of special shell builtin commands</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htm">List of MS-DOS internal commands</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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title="Chmod">chmod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chown" title="Chown">chown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chgrp" title="Chgrp">chgrp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cksum" title="Cksum">cksum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cmp_(Unix)" title="Cmp (Unix)">cmp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cp_(Unix)" title="Cp (Unix)">cp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dd_(Unix)" title="Dd (Unix)">dd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Du_(Unix)" title="Du (Unix)">du</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Df_(Unix)" title="Df (Unix)">df</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File_(command)" title="File (command)">file</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuser_(Unix)" title="Fuser (Unix)">fuser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ln_(Unix)" title="Ln (Unix)">ln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ls" title="Ls">ls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mkdir" title="Mkdir">mkdir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mv_(Unix)" title="Mv (Unix)">mv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pax_(command)" title="Pax (command)">pax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pwd" title="Pwd">pwd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rm_(Unix)" title="Rm (Unix)">rm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rmdir" title="Rmdir">rmdir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Split_(Unix)" title="Split (Unix)">split</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tee_(command)" title="Tee (command)">tee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Touch_(command)" title="Touch (command)">touch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_(Unix)" title="Type (Unix)">type</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umask" title="Umask">umask</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Processes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/At_(command)" title="At (command)">at</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Job_control_(Unix)#Commands" title="Job control (Unix)">bg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cron" title="Cron">crontab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Job_control_(Unix)#Commands" title="Job control (Unix)">fg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kill_(command)" title="Kill (command)">kill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nice_(Unix)" title="Nice (Unix)">nice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ps_(Unix)" title="Ps (Unix)">ps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_(Unix)" title="Time (Unix)">time</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">User environment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Env" title="Env">env</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exit_(command)" title="Exit (command)">exit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logname" title="Logname">logname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesg" title="Mesg">mesg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talk_(software)" title="Talk (software)">talk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tput" title="Tput">tput</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uname" title="Uname">uname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Who_(Unix)" title="Who (Unix)">who</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Write_(Unix)" title="Write (Unix)">write</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Text processing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AWK" title="AWK">awk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basename" title="Basename">basename</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comm" title="Comm">comm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Csplit" title="Csplit">csplit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cut_(Unix)" title="Cut (Unix)">cut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diff" title="Diff">diff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dirname" title="Dirname">dirname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_(text_editor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ed (text editor)">ed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ex_(text_editor)" title="Ex (text editor)">ex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fold_(Unix)" title="Fold (Unix)">fold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Head_(Unix)" title="Head (Unix)">head</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iconv" title="Iconv">iconv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Join_(Unix)" title="Join (Unix)">join</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M4_(computer_language)" title="M4 (computer language)">m4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/More_(command)" title="More (command)">more</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nl_(Unix)" title="Nl (Unix)">nl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paste_(Unix)" title="Paste (Unix)">paste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patch_(Unix)" title="Patch (Unix)">patch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Printf_(Unix)" title="Printf (Unix)">printf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Read_(Unix)" title="Read (Unix)">read</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sed" title="Sed">sed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sort_(Unix)" title="Sort (Unix)">sort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strings_(Unix)" title="Strings (Unix)">strings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tail_(Unix)" title="Tail (Unix)">tail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tr_(Unix)" title="Tr (Unix)">tr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troff" title="Troff">troff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniq" title="Uniq">uniq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vi_(text_editor)" title="Vi (text editor)">vi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wc_(Unix)" title="Wc (Unix)">wc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xargs" title="Xargs">xargs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Shell builtins</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alias_(command)" title="Alias (command)">alias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cd_(command)" title="Cd (command)">cd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Echo_(command)" title="Echo (command)">echo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Test_(Unix)" title="Test (Unix)">test</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environment_variable#unset_command" title="Environment variable">unset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wait_(command)" title="Wait (command)">wait</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" 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aria-labelledby="Windows_command-line_programs_and_shell_builtins" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Windows_commands" title="Template:Windows commands"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Windows_commands" title="Template talk:Windows commands"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Windows_commands" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Windows commands"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Windows_command-line_programs_and_shell_builtins" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Windows</a> <a href="/wiki/Command-line_interface" title="Command-line interface">command-line</a> programs and <a class="mw-selflink selflink">shell builtins</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COMMAND.COM" title="COMMAND.COM">COMMAND.COM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cmd.exe" title="Cmd.exe">Command Prompt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerShell" title="PowerShell">Windows PowerShell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recovery_Console" title="Recovery Console">Recovery Console</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">File system navigation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cd_(command)" title="Cd (command)">cd</a> (chdir)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dir_(command)" title="Dir (command)">dir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pushd_and_popd" title="Pushd and popd">popd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pushd_and_popd" title="Pushd and popd">pushd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tree_(command)" title="Tree (command)">tree</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">File management</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ATTRIB" title="ATTRIB">attrib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cacls" title="Cacls">cacls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encrypting_File_System" title="Encrypting File System">cipher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compact_(computing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Compact (computing)">compact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copy_(command)" title="Copy (command)">copy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Del_(command)" title="Del (command)">del</a> (erase)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deltree" class="mw-redirect" title="Deltree">deltree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cacls#icacls" title="Cacls">icacls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mkdir" title="Mkdir">mkdir</a> (md)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mklink" class="mw-redirect" title="Mklink">mklink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Move_(command)" title="Move (command)">move</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Openfiles" class="mw-redirect" title="Openfiles">openfiles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recover_(command)" title="Recover (command)">recover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren_(command)" title="Ren (command)">ren</a> (rename)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Replace_(command)" title="Replace (command)">replace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rmdir" title="Rmdir">rmdir</a> (rd)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robocopy" title="Robocopy">robocopy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takeown" class="mw-redirect" title="Takeown">takeown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XCOPY" title="XCOPY">xcopy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Archiving</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_(file_format)" title="Cabinet (file format)">expand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_(file_format)" title="Cabinet (file format)">extrac32</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_(file_format)" title="Cabinet (file format)">extract</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_(file_format)" title="Cabinet (file format)">makecab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pax_(command)" title="Pax (command)">pax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tar_(computing)" title="Tar (computing)">tar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Disk management</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CHKDSK" title="CHKDSK">chkdsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convert_(command)" title="Convert (command)">convert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disk_Defragmenter_(Windows)" class="mw-redirect" title="Disk Defragmenter (Windows)">defrag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diskcomp" title="Diskcomp">diskcomp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diskcopy" title="Diskcopy">diskcopy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diskpart" title="Diskpart">diskpart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diskraid" class="mw-redirect" title="Diskraid">diskraid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_Copy" title="Shadow Copy">diskshadow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drvspace" class="mw-redirect" title="Drvspace">drvspace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fdisk" title="Fdisk">fdisk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Format_(command)" title="Format (command)">format</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fsutil" class="mw-redirect" title="Fsutil">fsutil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Label_(command)" title="Label (command)">label</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BitLocker" title="BitLocker">manage-bde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refsutil" class="mw-redirect" title="Refsutil">refsutil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SUBST" title="SUBST">subst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_ScanDisk" title="Microsoft ScanDisk">scandisk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SYS_(command)" title="SYS (command)">sys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vol_(command)" title="Vol (command)">vol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_Copy" title="Shadow Copy">vssadmin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Processes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/At_(command)" title="At (command)">at</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exit_(command)" title="Exit (command)">exit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kill_(command)" title="Kill (command)">kill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Powercfg" title="Powercfg">powercfg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runas" title="Runas">runas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_service" title="Windows service">sc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Task_Scheduler" title="Windows Task Scheduler">schtasks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shutdown_(computing)" title="Shutdown (computing)">shutdown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Start_(command)" title="Start (command)">start</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taskkill" class="mw-redirect" title="Taskkill">taskkill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tasklist" title="Tasklist">tasklist</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Registry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File_association" title="File association">assoc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ftype" title="Ftype">ftype</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Registry#Command_line_editing" title="Windows Registry">reg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Registry#Command_line_editing" title="Windows Registry">regini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regsvr32" title="Regsvr32">regsvr32</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">User environment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CHCP_(command)" class="mw-redirect" title="CHCP (command)">chcp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cmdkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Cmdkey">cmdkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DATE_(command)" class="mw-redirect" title="DATE (command)">date</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graftabl" class="mw-redirect" title="Graftabl">graftabl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mode_(command)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mode (command)">mode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PATH_(variable)" title="PATH (variable)">path</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environment_variable#DOS,_OS/2_and_Windows_(Command_Prompt)" title="Environment variable">set</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Setver" class="mw-redirect" title="Setver">setver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environment_variable#DOS,_OS/2_and_Windows_(Command_Prompt)" title="Environment variable">setx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TIME_(command)" title="TIME (command)">time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_(command)" title="Title (command)">title</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ver_(command)" title="Ver (command)">ver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Where_(command)" class="mw-redirect" title="Where (command)">where</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whoami" title="Whoami">whoami</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">File contents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comp_(command)" title="Comp (command)">comp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MS-DOS_Editor" title="MS-DOS Editor">edit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edlin" title="Edlin">edlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File_Compare" title="File Compare">fc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Find_(Windows)" title="Find (Windows)">find</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Findstr" title="Findstr">findstr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PRINT_(command)" title="PRINT (command)">print</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TYPE_(DOS_command)" title="TYPE (DOS command)">type</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Scripting_language" title="Scripting language">Scripting</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Choice_(command)" title="Choice (command)">choice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clipboard_(computing)" title="Clipboard (computing)">clip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Script_Host" title="Windows Script Host">cscript</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DOSKEY" title="DOSKEY">doskey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Echo_(command)" title="Echo (command)">echo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/For_loop" title="For loop">for</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forfiles" title="Forfiles">forfiles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goto" title="Goto">goto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conditional_(computer_programming)" title="Conditional (computer programming)">if</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/More_(command)" title="More (command)">more</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pause_(command)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pause (command)">pause</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Command-line_interface#Command_prompt" title="Command-line interface">prompt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comment_(computer_programming)" title="Comment (computer programming)">rem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeout_(computing)" title="Timeout (computing)">timeout</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Networking</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Address_Resolution_Protocol" title="Address Resolution Protocol">arp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Background_Intelligent_Transfer_Service" title="Background Intelligent Transfer Service">bitsadmin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CURL" title="CURL">curl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MAC_address" title="MAC address">getmac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hostname" title="Hostname">hostname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ipconfig" title="Ipconfig">ipconfig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nbtstat" class="mw-redirect" title="Nbtstat">nbtstat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Net_(command)" title="Net (command)">net</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netsh" title="Netsh">netsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netstat" title="Netstat">netstat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nslookup" title="Nslookup">nslookup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PathPing" title="PathPing">PathPing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ping_(networking_utility)" title="Ping (networking utility)">ping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rpcping" class="mw-redirect" title="Rpcping">rpcping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Route_(command)" title="Route (command)">route</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secure_copy_protocol" title="Secure copy protocol">scp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Setspn" class="mw-redirect" title="Setspn">setspn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secure_file_transfer_program" title="Secure file transfer program">sftp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenSSH" title="OpenSSH">ssh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenSSH" title="OpenSSH">ssh-add</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ssh-agent" title="Ssh-agent">ssh-agent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ssh-keygen" title="Ssh-keygen">ssh-keygen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenSSH" title="OpenSSH">ssh-keyscan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traceroute" title="Traceroute">tracert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Remote_Management" title="Windows Remote Management">winrm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Remote_Management" title="Windows Remote Management">winrs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Maintenance and care</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Auditpol" class="mw-redirect" title="Auditpol">auditpol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dispdiag" class="mw-redirect" title="Dispdiag">dispdiag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Device_Manager#Driverquery_command" title="Device Manager">driverquery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Event_Viewer" title="Event Viewer">eventcreate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Event_Viewer" title="Event Viewer">eventtriggers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logman" class="mw-redirect" title="Logman">logman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mofcomp" class="mw-redirect" title="Mofcomp">mofcomp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Installer" title="Windows Installer">msiexec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NTBackup" title="NTBackup">ntbackup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pnpunattend" class="mw-redirect" title="Pnpunattend">pnpunattend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pnputil" class="mw-redirect" title="Pnputil">pnputil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/REAgentC" class="mw-redirect" title="REAgentC">REAgentC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relog" class="mw-redirect" title="Relog">relog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/System_File_Checker" title="System File Checker">sfc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sxstrace" class="mw-redirect" title="Sxstrace">sxstrace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Systeminfo" class="mw-redirect" title="Systeminfo">systeminfo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tracerpt" class="mw-redirect" title="Tracerpt">tracerpt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Typeperf" class="mw-redirect" title="Typeperf">typeperf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W32tm" title="W32tm">w32tm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WBAdmin" title="WBAdmin">WBAdmin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wecutil" class="mw-redirect" title="Wecutil">wecutil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wevtutil" class="mw-redirect" title="Wevtutil">wevtutil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winmgmt" class="mw-redirect" title="Winmgmt">winmgmt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_System_Assessment_Tool" title="Windows System Assessment Tool">winsat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Management_Instrumentation_Command-line" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows Management Instrumentation Command-line">wmic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Boot management</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bcdedit" class="mw-redirect" title="Bcdedit">bcdedit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bootcfg" title="Bootcfg">bootcfg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bootsect" class="mw-redirect" title="Bootsect">bootsect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fixboot" class="mw-redirect" title="Fixboot">fixboot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fixmbr" class="mw-redirect" title="Fixmbr">fixmbr</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Software_development" title="Software development">Software development</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Debug_(command)" title="Debug (command)">debug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exe2bin" title="Exe2bin">exe2bin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QBasic" title="QBasic">QBasic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Break_(command)" class="mw-redirect" title="Break (command)">break</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cls_(command)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cls (command)">cls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Assessment_and_Deployment_Kit" title="Windows Assessment and Deployment Kit">dism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dpath" title="Dpath">dpath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_Policy" title="Group Policy">gpresult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_Policy" title="Group Policy">gpupdate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help_(command)" title="Help (command)">help</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MSCDEX" title="MSCDEX">MSCDEX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentium_FDIV_bug" title="Pentium FDIV bug">pentnt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tpmtool" class="mw-redirect" title="Tpmtool">tpmtool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tpmvscmgr" class="mw-redirect" title="Tpmvscmgr">tpmvscmgr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Subsystem_for_Linux" title="Windows Subsystem for Linux">wsl</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_DOS_commands" title="List of DOS commands">List of DOS commands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environment_variable" title="Environment variable">Environment variables</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Support_Tools" title="Windows Support Tools">Windows Support Tools</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> 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