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vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Content"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Content </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Content-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Utility" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Utility"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Utility </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Utility-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reliability_and_accuracy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reliability_and_accuracy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5 Reliability and accuracy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reliability_and_accuracy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Dates_of_birth" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dates_of_birth"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5.1 Dates of birth </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dates_of_birth-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Particular_entries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Particular_entries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5.2 Particular entries </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Particular_entries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Omissions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Omissions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.6 Omissions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Omissions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lists_and_tables" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lists_and_tables"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Lists and tables </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lists_and_tables-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Who_Was_Who" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Who_Was_Who"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Who Was Who </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Who_Was_Who-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" 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(March 2024)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title" style="font-size:125%; font-style:italic; padding-bottom:0.2em;">Who's Who <span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%27%27Who%27s+Who%27%27&rft.date=1849%E2%80%93present&rft.pub=%3Cdiv+class%3D%22plainlist+%22+%3E%0A%2A+%5B%5BA+%26+C+Black%5D%5D%0A%2A+%5B%5BBloomsbury+Publishing%5D%5D+plc%0A%2A+%5B%5BOxford+University+Press%5D%5D%0A%3C%2Fdiv%3E&rft.place=United+Kingdom"></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Who%27s_Who_(UK).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d9/Who%27s_Who_%28UK%29.jpg/220px-Who%27s_Who_%28UK%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="348" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d9/Who%27s_Who_%28UK%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="395" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">1959 edition</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Language</th><td class="infobox-data">English</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Release number</div></th><td class="infobox-data">175 (Who's Who 2023)<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Subject</th><td class="infobox-data">Biography<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> (1897 onwards)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Genre</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Who%27s_Who" title="Who's Who">Who's Who</a><a href="#cite_note-Fritze,CouttsVyhnanek201-3">[3]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Publisher</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A_%26_C_Black" title="A & C Black">A & C Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloomsbury_Publishing" title="Bloomsbury Publishing">Bloomsbury Publishing</a> plc<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Publication date</div></th><td class="infobox-data">1849–present</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Publication place</th><td class="infobox-data">United Kingdom</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781408181201" title="Special:BookSources/9781408181201">9781408181201</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Text</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Who%27s_Who" class="extiw" title="s:Who's Who">Who's Who</a> at <a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ukwhoswho.com">ukwhoswho.com</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Who's Who is a <a href="/wiki/Reference_work" title="Reference work">reference work</a>.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> It has been published annually in the form of a <a href="/wiki/Hardback_book" class="mw-redirect" title="Hardback book">hardback book</a> since 1849, and has been published online since 1999. It has also been published on <a href="/wiki/CD-ROM" title="CD-ROM">CD-ROM</a>. It lists, and gives information on, people from around the world who influence British life.<a href="#cite_note-online-7">[7]</a> Entries include notable figures from government, politics, academia, business, sport and the arts. Who's Who 2023 is the 175th edition and includes more than 33,000 people. In 2004, the book was described as the United Kingdom's most prominent work of biographical reference.<a href="#cite_note-CrickRosenbaum2004-8">[8]</a> The book is the original <a href="/wiki/Who%27s_Who" title="Who's Who">Who's Who</a> book<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> and "the pioneer work of its type".<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> The book is an origin of the expression "who's who" used in a wider sense.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Who%27s_Who_(UK)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> Who's Who has been published since 1849.<a href="#cite_note-more-14">[14]</a> When book publisher <a href="/wiki/A_%26_C_Black" title="A & C Black">A & C Black</a> bought the copyright to the publication in 1896, <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Sladen" title="Douglas Sladen">Douglas Sladen</a> was employed with a three-year contract to overhaul the publication. According to Sladen, the old Who's Who was solely a "handbook of the titled and official classes only", which he sought to modernize by including celebrities from all circles through the use of autobiographical forms.<a href="#cite_note-WallerWRAR420to423-15">[15]</a> Between 1897 and 1899, under Sladen, Who's Who expanded its number of entries from 6,000 to 8,500. The inclusion of a "recreations" section for biographees to fill proved to be particularly successful for the book: according to Sladen, newspapers "never tired of quoting the recreations of eminent people", thus attracting publicity for the publication.<a href="#cite_note-WallerWRAR420to423-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> While Sladen's contract was not renewed, the revised Who's Who experienced financial success: its sales rose from 10,000 to 12,000 copies between 1901 and 1910, in spite of a twofold increase in the book price for that period.<a href="#cite_note-WallerWRAR420to423-15">[15]</a> Cedric Arthur Larson stated that Who's Who in 1849 was not biographical.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> Who's Who turned into a <a href="/wiki/Biographical_dictionary" title="Biographical dictionary">biographical dictionary</a> in 1897.<a href="#cite_note-Fritze,CouttsVyhnanek201-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> In 1963 and 1975, Professor William Lawrence Rivers<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> wrote that Who's Who then included biographical information.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> In 1973, a spinoff version, called The Academic Who's Who, was released by the same publisher. Both the first edition, published in 1973, and the second edition, published in 1975, were published by Adam & Charles Black in London. The first US edition was published by Bowker in New York, and the second by Gale Research in Detroit.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> The second edition contained biographies of almost seven thousand academics.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> Who's Who 1897–1996 was published on <a href="/wiki/CD-ROM" title="CD-ROM">CD-ROM</a><a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> and was awarded the <a href="/wiki/McColvin_Medal" class="mw-redirect" title="McColvin Medal">McColvin Medal</a>.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> Who's Who 1897–1998 was also published on CD-ROM.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> Who's Who was included in KnowUK from 1999.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> Who's Who 2005 was included in <a href="/wiki/Xreferplus" class="mw-redirect" title="Xreferplus">Xreferplus</a>.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> The Who's Who & Who Was Who website (ukwhoswho.com) is dated from 2007 onwards.<a href="#cite_note-Burchsted2014-33">[33]</a> Who's Who continues to be published annually in <a href="/wiki/Hardback" class="mw-redirect" title="Hardback">hardback</a>. A history of Who's Who was published to coincide with the 150th edition in 1998.<a href="#cite_note-more-14">[14]</a> "Preface with a Brief History 1849–1998" was included in Who's Who 1998. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Publishers_and_editors">Publishers and editors</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Who%27s_Who_(UK)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Publishers and editors">edit</a>]</div> Who's Who was originally published by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Baily_Brothers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baily Brothers (page does not exist)">Baily Brothers</a>.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> Since 1897, it has been published by A & C Black.<a href="#cite_note-more-14">[14]</a> It has been published in New York by the <a href="/wiki/Macmillan_Inc." title="Macmillan Inc.">Macmillan Company</a><a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> and by <a href="/wiki/St._Martin%27s_Press" title="St. Martin's Press">St. Martin's Press</a>.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> From 1849 to 1850, Who's Who was edited by <a href="/wiki/Henry_Robert_Addison" title="Henry Robert Addison">Henry Robert Addison</a>,<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> from 1851 to 1864 by Charles Henry Oakes,<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> from 1865 by William John Lawson and from 1897 to 1899 by Douglas Sladen.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> Subsequent editions do not disclose the identity of their editor.<a href="#cite_note-JollyEncyclopedia2013p939-40">[40]</a> In 1990, it was reported that after the departure of Douglas Brooke Wheelton Sladen, the people who compiled Who's Who remained anonymous to conceal the fact that they were female.<a href="#cite_note-CableAlexander1990-41">[41]</a> In 2004, it was reported that the editorial staff and the selection panel endeavour to operate in anonymity so as to shield themselves from unwanted pressures.<a href="#cite_note-CrickRosenbaum2004-8">[8]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biographies">Biographies</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Who%27s_Who_(UK)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Biographies">edit</a>]</div> Academics who study <a href="/wiki/Elite" title="Elite">elites</a> have used the book as the primary reference for deducing who is part of the <a href="/wiki/UK" class="mw-redirect" title="UK">British</a> elite.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Inclusiveness">Inclusiveness</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Who%27s_Who_(UK)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Inclusiveness">edit</a>]</div> The subjects of Who's Who entries include <a href="/wiki/Peerage" title="Peerage">peers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of Parliament">MPs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Courts_of_England_and_Wales" title="Courts of England and Wales">judges</a>, senior <a href="/wiki/Civil_Service_(United_Kingdom)" title="Civil Service (United Kingdom)">civil servants</a>, <a href="/wiki/Writer" title="Writer">writers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lawyer" title="Lawyer">lawyers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scientist" title="Scientist">scientists</a>, <a href="/wiki/Academic" class="mw-redirect" title="Academic">academics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Actor" title="Actor">actors</a>, <a href="/wiki/Athlete" title="Athlete">athletes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Artist" title="Artist">artists</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hereditary_title" title="Hereditary title">hereditary</a> <a href="/wiki/Aristocrat" class="mw-redirect" title="Aristocrat">aristocrats</a>. 50 percent of new entrants (such as those holding a professorial chair at <a href="/wiki/Oxbridge" title="Oxbridge">Oxbridge</a>, baronets, peers, MPs, judges etc.) are included automatically by virtue of their <a href="/wiki/Incumbent" title="Incumbent">office</a> or title; the other 50 percent are selected at the discretion of a board of advisors.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> Inclusion has come to carry a considerable level of prestige: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Levy_(journalist)" title="Paul Levy (journalist)">Paul Levy</a> stated in <a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a> in 1996 that having an entry in Who's Who "really puts the stamp of eminence on a modern British life".<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> Once someone is included in Who's Who they remain in it for life: MPs, for example, are not removed when they leave Parliament. The <a href="/wiki/Richard_John_Bingham,_7th_Earl_of_Lucan" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard John Bingham, 7th Earl of Lucan">7th Earl of Lucan</a> continued to be listed in the book after he went missing in 1974 and even after he was <a href="/wiki/Declared_death_in_absentia" class="mw-redirect" title="Declared death in absentia">declared legally dead</a> in 1999.<a href="#cite_note-BBCNews2001-47">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-bbc1999-48">[48]</a> He was listed in Who's Who 2016, which was published in 2015.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> As of 2023, the most recent version of his entry on the Who's Who & Who Was Who website is dated 1 December 2016,<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> his death certificate having been issued in 2016.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> Inclusion in Who's Who does not involve any payment by or to the subject, or even any obligation to buy a copy.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> Some individuals have attempted to offer bribes in attempts to be included.<a href="#cite_note-CrickRosenbaum2004-8">[8]</a> The publication includes the members of the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Parliament" title="Scottish Parliament">Scottish Parliament</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_for_Wales" class="mw-redirect" title="National Assembly for Wales">Welsh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_Assembly" title="Northern Ireland Assembly">Northern Ireland</a> Assemblies, members of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="House of Commons of the United Kingdom">House of Commons</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Chief_executive_officer" title="Chief executive officer">chief executives</a> of all UK cities and counties, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_and_high_commissioners_to_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of ambassadors and high commissioners to the United Kingdom">foreign ambassadors</a> accredited to London. There was a high proportion of <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">Oxford</a> and <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">Cambridge</a> graduates among the new entrants in Who's Who 2008.<a href="#cite_note-JP-53">[53]</a> During the reign of <a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Queen Victoria</a>, the proportion of such graduates was less than 20%.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> In a review of Who's Who, 1907, the Law Magazine and Review declared: "So comprehensive is the scheme of the work that it is well-nigh impossible to find any person at all entitled to be considered prominent in any particular sphere, whose biography is not included".<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> The Expository Times wrote that Who's Who, 1910 included "Everybody who is anybody".<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> The Journal of the Royal Institute of British Architects wrote that the choice of subjects included in Who's Who 1936 was generally appropriate.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> Writing in <a href="/wiki/The_Spectator" title="The Spectator">The Spectator</a> about a radio documentary on the book they prepared for <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_4" title="BBC Radio 4">BBC Radio 4</a> in 2004, Crick and Rosenbaum criticised, or reported that others had criticised, the publication for its lack of inclusion of well known celebrities, sports personalities, solicitors, and the quasi-totality of Britain's wealthiest people. They also questioned the inclusion of all <a href="/wiki/Baronets" class="mw-redirect" title="Baronets">baronets</a>.<a href="#cite_note-CrickRosenbaum2004-8">[8]</a> In 2007, Jeremy Paxman criticised the publication for failing to include more non-British <a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Member of the European Parliament">MEPs</a>.<a href="#cite_note-JP-53">[53]</a> In 2010, Charles Moore criticised the criticism of the inclusiveness of Who's Who.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> In 2021, it was reported that <a href="/wiki/Michael_Grade" title="Michael Grade">Michael Grade</a>,<a href="#cite_note-ValentineLow2021-59">[59]</a> who was <a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_BBC" class="mw-redirect" title="Chairman of the BBC">Chairman of the Board of Governors of the BBC</a> from 2004<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> to 2006,<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> had criticised Who's Who for failing to include entries for <a href="/wiki/Benedict_Cumberbatch" title="Benedict Cumberbatch">Benedict Cumberbatch</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eddie_Redmayne" title="Eddie Redmayne">Eddie Redmayne</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ValentineLow2021-59">[59]</a> <a href="/wiki/Richard_Fitzwilliams" title="Richard Fitzwilliams">Richard Fitzwilliams</a>, former editor of <a href="/wiki/The_International_Who%27s_Who" title="The International Who's Who">The International Who's Who</a> quoted in <a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a> in 2015 indicated that <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Scargill" title="Arthur Scargill">Arthur Scargill</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tony_Benn" title="Tony Benn">Tony Benn</a> were included in Who's Who against their wishes, and that <a href="/wiki/W._S._Gilbert" title="W. S. Gilbert">W. S. Gilbert</a> was "threatened with being given a concocted version of his entry unless he provided one".<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> Douglas Sladen published or threatened to publish non-autobiographical entries for recalcitrant figures in order to coerce them to submit their own autobiographical forms.<a href="#cite_note-WallerWRAR422-63">[63]</a> In his autobiography, Douglas Sladen wrote: "W. S. Gilbert wrote the rudest letter of anybody. He said he was always being pestered by unimportant people for information about himself. So I put him down in the book as "Writer of Verses and the libretti to Sir Arthur Sullivan's comic operas." He then wrote me a letter . . . in which he asked me if that was the way to treat a man who had written seventy original dramas. Next year he filled up his form as readily as a peer's widow who has married a commoner."<a href="#cite_note-SladenTwentyYears237-64">[64]</a> In a footnote to the preceding passage from Sladen's autobiography, the historian <a href="/wiki/Philip_Waller" title="Philip Waller">Philip Waller</a> said that "Sladen did not always allow accuracy to get in the way of a good story", and that the actual facts consist of the inclusion of the line "Writer of Verses and the libretti to Sir Arthur Sullivan's comic operas" in Gilbert's biography in Who's Who 1897 and 1898, and the removal of that line from Gilbert's biography in Who's Who 1899, to which no other changes were made.<a href="#cite_note-WallerWRAR422-63">[63]</a> In his autobiography, Sladen wrote: "A prominent authoress first of all refused to fill up her form at all. I wrote to tell her that in that case I should have to fill it up for her. She showed no concern about this until I sent her a proof of the biography, in which I made her out ten years older than she really was, and said that I meant to insert the biography in that form unless there was anything she wished to correct. She then corrected it, and added so much that it would have taken the whole column if I had inserted all she sent."<a href="#cite_note-SladenTwentyYears237-64">[64]</a> According to Philip Waller, this "was how Sladen behaved: if celebrities did not deliver, he invented a CV for them. It usually brought them into line."<a href="#cite_note-WallerWRAR422-63">[63]</a> In 2004, it was reported that Scargill had argued that people who do not wish to be in Who's Who should be allowed to opt out.<a href="#cite_note-CrickRosenbaum2004-8">[8]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Compilation_and_authorship">Compilation and authorship</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Who%27s_Who_(UK)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Compilation and authorship">edit</a>]</div> From 1897 onwards, entries have been compiled from questionnaires filled in by their subjects and then returned to the publisher.<a href="#cite_note-AboutWW-65">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-WW2022-66">[66]</a> Lea and Day wrote that this approach normally leads to increased accuracy.<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> It has been said that, from Who's Who 1897 onwards, the entries, or the majority of them, are autobiographical.<a href="#cite_note-AboutWW-65">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-WW2022-66">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-JollyEncyclopedia2013p939-40">[40]</a> Nature Notes described the notices of naturalists in Who's Who, 1900 as "virtually autobiographical".<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> In <a href="/w/index.php?title=A_%26_C_Black_Ltd_v_Claude_Stacey_Ltd&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="A & C Black Ltd v Claude Stacey Ltd (page does not exist)">A & C Black Ltd v Claude Stacey Ltd</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Tomlin,_Baron_Tomlin" title="Thomas Tomlin, Baron Tomlin">Justice Tomlin</a>, sitting in the <a href="/wiki/Chancery_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="Chancery Division">Chancery Division</a> of the <a href="/wiki/High_Court_of_Justice" title="High Court of Justice">High Court of Justice in England</a>, held that the "author", within the meaning of that expression in section 5 of the <a href="/wiki/Copyright_Act_1911" title="Copyright Act 1911">Copyright Act 1911</a>, of each biography in Who's Who was the compiler.<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> This decision has been cited as authority as to the meaning of the expression "author" in the <a href="/wiki/Copyright,_Designs_and_Patents_Act_1988" title="Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988">Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988</a>.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Content">Content</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Who%27s_Who_(UK)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Content">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Article_(publishing)" title="Article (publishing)">Entries</a> typically include full names, dates of birth, career details, club memberships, education, professional qualifications, publications, recreations and contact details.<a href="#cite_note-online-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Utility">Utility</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Who%27s_Who_(UK)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Utility">edit</a>]</div> Who's Who has been repeatedly described as useful<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> and indispensable.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reliability_and_accuracy">Reliability and accuracy</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Who%27s_Who_(UK)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Reliability and accuracy">edit</a>]</div> The Saturday Review wrote that Who's Who 1904 is "generally accurate".<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> The World's Paper Trade Review wrote that "it may be relied on not only as being accurate but really authoritative".<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> The Law Magazine and Review wrote that "The accuracy of the information given shows the great care with which this work has been compiled".<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> The Law Journal wrote that the "biographical details of judges and leading members of the profession . . . so far as we have tested them, are . . . accurate".<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> The Accountant's Magazine spoke of "the remarkable accuracy" of Who's Who, 1905.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> The Canada Lancet wrote that "The book contains a vast amount of reliable information regarding persons of note throughout the British Empire".<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> The Law Journal wrote that the "biographical details of judges and leading lawyers . . . so far as we have tested them, are accurate".<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> Engineering wrote that Who's Who, 1906 gave "accurate information regarding the career of men whose names are frequently before the public in an official or other capacity".<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> Notes and Queries wrote that "For those engaged in literary and journalistic pursuits, Who's Who remains the most trustworthy . . . work of personal reference".<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> The Library World wrote that "its accuracy is well maintained".<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> The Congregationalist and Christian World wrote that Who's Who, 1907 "comes promptly to aid journalists and others who wish to consult . . . accurate biographies of the leading personages in the Western political and literary world, Britons of course predominating."<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> The Standard called it "a monument of painstaking care".<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> Page's Weekly wrote that "we have subjected Who's Who to several tests and are glad to find that the accuracy which pervades the subject matter is again worthy of high commendation".<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> Medical Record wrote that "The data about Americans mentioned in the work appear to be in the main correct, though we notice that the name of the late <a href="/wiki/Albert_Bierstadt" title="Albert Bierstadt">Albert Bierstadt</a>, the artist, is retained in the book as though he were still living."<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> The United Service Magazine wrote that "Immense pains are taken to ensure accuracy".<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> The Dublin Journal of Medical Science wrote that the biographies in Who's Who, 1908 "may be considered to be accurate".<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> The Electrical Review wrote that "the details may generally be regarded as accurate".<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> Page's Weekly added that "We have many occasions had reason to admire the accuracy which is attained by the Editor of Who's Who".<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> Country Life wrote that Who's Who, 1909 was "of most praiseworthy accuracy".<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> The Scots Law Times wrote that "The information given about the persons named may be taken as reliable".<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> The Empire Review and Magazine wrote "the great pains taken to ensure accuracy gives to the volume additional value".<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> The American Review of Reviews wrote that it "continues . . . to sustain its high level of accuracy".<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> Knowledge & Scientific News wrote that Who's Who, 1910 "is kept up-to-date and accurate".<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> The Railway News wrote that "The information is brought thoroughly up to date".<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> Country Life wrote that "This year it appears to be as accurate . . . as usual."<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> Page's Weekly wrote that "Who's Who has a notable reputation to maintain and it is not surprising to find, therefore, that exceptional care is taken to render it a reference work of unimpeachable accuracy."<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> The accuracy of Who's Who, 1933 was praised by the Solicitors Journal<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> and by the Journal of State Medicine.<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> The accuracy of Who's Who, 1934 was praised by the Clinical Journal,<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> by the Burlington Magazine<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> and by the Journal of State Medicine.<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> The accuracy of Who's Who 1935 was praised by Public Opinion,<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> by the Solicitors' Journal,<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> by the Irish Law Times and Solicitors' Journal<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> and by the Clinical Journal.<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> The accuracy of Who's Who 1936 was praised by Engineering.<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> The Irish Law Times and Solicitors' Journal also praised the accuracy of that edition, but wrote that the book included an entry for a deceased person.<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> The accuracy of Who's Who 1937 was praised by the Municipal Journal & Public Works Engineer.<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> The accuracy of Who's Who 1938 was praised by the Journal of the Royal Institute of Public Health and Hygiene<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> and by the New Statesman and Nation.<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> The accuracy of Who's Who 1939 was praised by the Journal of the Royal Institute of Public Health and Hygiene.<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a> The accuracy of Who's Who 1940 was praised by the Journal of the Royal Institute of Public Health and Hygiene,<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> and the reliability of that edition was praised by The Tennessee Teacher.<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> The accuracy of Who's Who 1941 was praised by the Journal of the Royal Institute of Public Health and Hygiene,<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a> by the Irish Law Times and Solicitors' Journal<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> and by the Municipal Journal & Local Government Administrator.<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> The accuracy of Who's Who, 1942 was praised by the Journal of the Royal Institute of Public Health and Hygiene<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> and by The Accountant.<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> The accuracy of Who's Who, 1943 was praised by the Medical Press and Circular.<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> The accuracy of certain entries in Who's Who, 1944 was praised by the Journal of the Royal Institute of Public Health and Hygiene.<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> The accuracy of Who's Who, 1946 was praised by the Irish Law Times and Solicitors' Journal.<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> The accuracy of Who's Who, 1949 was praised by Subscription Books Bulletin.<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a> In 1957, the reliability of Who's Who was praised by Ajit Kumar Mukherjee.<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> The accuracy and reliability of Who's Who 1970 was praised by Bohdan Stephan Wynar.<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> The accuracy of Who's Who 1973 was praised by Reference and Subscription Books Reviews.<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a> In 1974, the reliability of Who's Who was praised by John Richard Meredith Wilson.<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a> In 1975, the accuracy of Who's Who was praised by Carolyn Sue Peterson.<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a> The accuracy of Who's Who 1982 was praised by Jefferson D Caskey.<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a> The accuracy of Who's Who 1985 was praised by Jefferson D Caskey.<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> In 1986, the reliability of Who's Who was praised by John Richard Meredith Wilson.<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a> The accuracy of the entry for <a href="/wiki/Reg_Revans" title="Reg Revans">Reginald William Revans</a> in Who's Who 1987 was praised by Yury Boshyk and Robert Lexow Dilworth.<a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a> In 1995, the reliability of Who's Who was praised by Professor Glenda Norquay.<a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a> In 2001, <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a> qualified some of the entrants as "a little economical with the truth".<a href="#cite_note-BBCNews2001-47">[47]</a> Writing in <a href="/wiki/The_Spectator" title="The Spectator">The Spectator</a> about a radio documentary on the book they prepared for <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_4" title="BBC Radio 4">BBC Radio 4</a> in 2004, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Crick" title="Michael Crick">Michael Crick</a> and Martin Rosenbaum<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a> wrote that there were questions about the accuracy of the entries, but that they frequently used Who's Who themselves in their work as journalists.<a href="#cite_note-CrickRosenbaum2004-8">[8]</a> In 2007, the reliability of Who's Who Online was praised by William Ashford Kelly.<a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a> In 2014, the reliability of the Who's Who & Who Was Who website was praised by Fred Burchsted.<a href="#cite_note-Burchsted2014-33">[33]</a> Subjects are not permitted to include libellous statements in their entries.<a href="#cite_note-BBCNews2001-47">[47]</a> In 2004, the publishing director for reference books of <a href="/wiki/Bloomsbury_Publishing" title="Bloomsbury Publishing">Bloomsbury</a>, which owns A & C Black, the publisher of Who's Who, stated that if an inaccuracy was brought to the attention of the editors, they would raise it with the biographee first. If the biographee insisted or failed to respond, however, no correction would be issued. The director stated that "the vast majority of errors" are sorted by mutual agreement between Who's Who and the biographee.<a href="#cite_note-CrickRosenbaum2004-8">[8]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Dates_of_birth">Dates of birth</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Who%27s_Who_(UK)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Dates of birth">edit</a>]</div> In 2004, Crick and Rosenbaum wrote that the largest number of errors were in dates of birth.<a href="#cite_note-CrickRosenbaum2004-8">[8]</a> It has been reported that entries for <a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Al-Fayed" title="Mohamed Al-Fayed">Mohamed al-Fayed</a>,<a href="#cite_note-WatsonSmyth1998-139">[139]</a><a href="#cite_note-BBCNews2001-47">[47]</a> <a href="/wiki/Anita_Brookner" title="Anita Brookner">Anita Brookner</a>,<a href="#cite_note-BBCNews2001-47">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-CableAlexander1990-41">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ken_Dodd" title="Ken Dodd">Ken Dodd</a>,<a href="#cite_note-WatsonSmyth1998-139">[139]</a><a href="#cite_note-CrickRosenbaum2004-8">[8]</a> <a href="/wiki/Susan_Hampshire" title="Susan Hampshire">Susan Hampshire</a>,<a href="#cite_note-WatsonSmyth1998-139">[139]</a><a href="#cite_note-BBCNews2001-47">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-CrickRosenbaum2004-8">[8]</a> <a href="/wiki/Nanette_Newman" title="Nanette Newman">Nanette Newman</a>,<a href="#cite_note-WatsonSmyth1998-139">[139]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Parsons" title="Nicholas Parsons">Nicholas Parsons</a><a href="#cite_note-CrickRosenbaum2004-8">[8]</a> have displayed incorrect dates of birth. The BBC claimed that when Brookner was asked by the editors of Who's Who whether she wanted her date of birth corrected, she asked to have it blanked instead.<a href="#cite_note-BBCNews2001-47">[47]</a> Errors in the dates of birth of Mohamed al-Fayed, Ken Dodd and Susan Hampshire had previously been reported by Compton Miller, editor of Who's Really Who, in a book review of A & C Black's Who's Who 1998, in which Compton Miller praised the entries for Mohamed al-Fayed, Ken Dodd and Susan Hampshire in his own book.<a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a> It has been reported that the entry for <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Wray" title="Jimmy Wray">Jimmy Wray</a> has displayed a disputed date of birth.<a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Particular_entries">Particular entries</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Who%27s_Who_(UK)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Particular entries">edit</a>]</div> In 2001, BBC News claimed that former MP <a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Archer" title="Jeffrey Archer">Jeffrey Archer</a> had listed <a href="/wiki/Brasenose_College,_Oxford" title="Brasenose College, Oxford">Brasenose College, Oxford</a>, under the education part of his Who's Who entry, despite having no degree and having only attended a one-year postgraduate physical education course.<a href="#cite_note-BBCNews2001-47">[47]</a> Previously, in a 1997 letter to the editor of <a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Flather" title="Paul Flather">Paul Flather</a> of Oxford University had written that the training course Archer had taken at Brasenose College was "not strictly a university course", and that his Who's Who entry also incorrectly listed his year of attendance.<a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a> In 2004, Crick and Rosenbaum claimed that the entry for Archer had also listed an incorrect sum of money.<a href="#cite_note-CrickRosenbaum2004-8">[8]</a> The entry for <a href="/wiki/Iain_Duncan_Smith" title="Iain Duncan Smith">Iain Duncan Smith</a> in (in particular) Who's Who 2002 and Who's Who 2003 claimed that he had been educated at "Univ. di Perugia".<a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a> This claim did not appear in Who's Who 2004.<a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a> In 2002, <a href="/wiki/BBC_Newsnight" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC Newsnight">BBC Newsnight</a> reported that Duncan Smith had attended the <a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A0_per_Stranieri_di_Perugia" title="Università per Stranieri di Perugia">Università per Stranieri di Perugia</a> and had never attended the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Perugia" title="University of Perugia">Università degli Studi di Perugia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a> The entry for <a href="/wiki/James_Gulliver" title="James Gulliver">James Gulliver</a> in (in particular) Who's Who 1972, Who's Who 1973, Who's Who 1980, Who's Who 1985 and Who's Who 1986, stated that he had been educated at <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a><a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a><a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a><a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a><a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a><a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a> and did not mention that he had been educated at, and had received an <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Science" title="Master of Science">MSc</a> from, the <a href="/wiki/Georgia_Institute_of_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgia Institute of Technology">Georgia Institute of Technology</a> in 1954. <a href="/wiki/News_media" title="News media">The press</a> repeatedly reported that Gulliver had received an <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Business_Administration" title="Master of Business Administration">MBA</a> from <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Business_School" title="Harvard Business School">Harvard Business School</a>. Those press reports were not correct. He had in fact done a marketing course at Harvard Business School for three weeks in 1954. On 9 March 1986, Gulliver said that his Who's Who entry was not correct in relation "to a degree achieved in 1954".<a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a><a href="#cite_note-Times10Mar86p17-153">[153]</a><a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a> The press had been informed of the error by a <a href="/wiki/Public_relations" title="Public relations">PR</a> company working for an alcohol company that Gulliver's company had bid to takeover.<a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a><a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a> <a href="/wiki/Paddy_Ashdown" title="Paddy Ashdown">Paddy Ashdown</a> said that the PR company had performed "a rather unsavoury and tawdry" character "assassination".<a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a> The bald statement that Gulliver was educated at the Harvard University has been characterized as having a tendency to mislead.<a href="#cite_note-Times10Mar86p17-153">[153]</a> In 2004, Crick and Rosenbaum reported that Arthur Scargill had denied that his entry was completely accurate.<a href="#cite_note-CrickRosenbaum2004-8">[8]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Omissions">Omissions</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Who%27s_Who_(UK)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Omissions">edit</a>]</div> In 2004, Crick and Rosenbaum named six people whose entries were claimed to have contained at least one omission at some point in time (excluding entries claimed to have displayed at least one error at some point in time).<a href="#cite_note-CrickRosenbaum2004-8">[8]</a> <a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Paxman" title="Jeremy Paxman">Jeremy Paxman</a> has calculated that only 8% of new entrants in 2008 made any reference to marital breakdown, which is far below the national average.<a href="#cite_note-JP-53">[53]</a> The non-autobiographical entry for W. S. Gilbert in Who's Who 1897 and Who's Who 1898 did not include the fact that Gilbert had written seventy original dramas.<a href="#cite_note-SladenTwentyYears237-64">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-WallerWRAR422-63">[63]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lists_and_tables">Lists and tables</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Who%27s_Who_(UK)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Lists and tables">edit</a>]</div> The original nucleus of Who's Who consisted of tables.<a href="#cite_note-158">[158]</a> In a review of Who's Who 1903, the Surveyor and Municipal and County Engineer wrote "From time to time it has been found necessary to remove some useful tables inserted in the front of the book, in order to make room for the biographies, and now the portentous increase of the latter has led to the complete removal of the tables, with the exception, of course, of those devoted to the Royal Family and to obituaries. The publishers hope . . . to issue the various tables separately . . . at a later date."<a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a> The tables were moved into the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Who%27s_Who_Year_Book&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Who's Who Year Book (page does not exist)">Who's Who Year Book</a> from the first edition of that year book, the Who's Who Year Book, 1904, onwards.<a href="#cite_note-160">[160]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Who_Was_Who">Who Was Who</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Who%27s_Who_(UK)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Who Was Who">edit</a>]</div> When the subject of a Who's Who entry dies, the biography is transferred to the next volume of Who Was Who, where it is usually printed as it appeared in its last Who's Who, with the date of death added. The first volume of Who Was Who covered deaths between 1897 and 1915. They were then published at 10-year intervals, and since 1990 at five-year intervals. Who Was Who series: <ol><li>1897–1915, 1988 reprint: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7136-2670-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-7136-2670-4">0-7136-2670-4</a></li> <li>1916–1928, 1992 reprint: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7136-3143-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-7136-3143-0">0-7136-3143-0</a></li> <li>1929–1940, 1967 reprint: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7136-0171-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-7136-0171-X">0-7136-0171-X</a></li> <li>1941–1950, 1980 reprint: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7136-2131-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-7136-2131-1">0-7136-2131-1</a></li> <li>1951–1960, 1984 reprint: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7136-2598-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-7136-2598-8">0-7136-2598-8</a></li> <li>1961–1970, 1979 reprint: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7136-2008-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-7136-2008-0">0-7136-2008-0</a></li> <li>1971–1980, 1989 reprint: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7136-3227-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-7136-3227-5">0-7136-3227-5</a></li> <li>1981–1990: 1991 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7136-3336-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-7136-3336-0">0-7136-3336-0</a></li> <li>1991–1995: 1996 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7136-4496-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-7136-4496-6">0-7136-4496-6</a></li> <li>1996–2000: 2001 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7136-5439-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-7136-5439-2">0-7136-5439-2</a></li> <li>2001–2005: 2006 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7136-7601-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-7136-7601-9">0-7136-7601-9</a></li> <li>2006–2010: 2011 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781408146583" title="Special:BookSources/9781408146583">9781408146583</a></li> <li>2011–2015: 2016 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781472924322" title="Special:BookSources/9781472924322">9781472924322</a></li></ol> Corrections Errors contained in Who's Who entries are corrected in Who Was Who "where necessary" (the deceased subjects cannot object to corrections because they are deceased).<a href="#cite_note-CableAlexander1990-41">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-AboutWW-65">[65]</a> Cumulated index There is a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cumulative_index&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cumulative index (page does not exist)">cumulative index</a>, titled "cumulated index": <ul><li>Who Was Who, A Cumulated Index 1897 to 1980. Published 1981.<a href="#cite_note-161">[161]</a><a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a> Cox said this index is useful.<a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a></li> <li>Who Was Who: A Cumulated Index 1897–1990. Published 1991.</li> <li>Who Was Who: A Cumulated Index 1897—2000. Published 2002.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Who%27s_Who_(UK)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_biographical_dictionaries" title="List of biographical dictionaries">List of biographical dictionaries</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Who%27s_Who_(UK)&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ukwhoswho.com/newsitem/720/whos-who-in-2023">Who's Who in 2023?"</a>. Who's Who & Who Was Who. </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> WorldCat. OCLC: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/230032229">230032229</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/26598317">26598317</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/56431030">56431030</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/301748088">301748088</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1162806">1162806</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/40586111">40586111</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/664147939">664147939</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-Fritze,CouttsVyhnanek201-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fritze,CouttsVyhnanek201_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fritze,CouttsVyhnanek201_3-1">b</a> Fritze, Coutts and Vyhnanek. Reference Sources in History: An Introductory Guide. ABC-CLIO. Second Edition. 2004. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7VyOANl2qxoC&pg=PA201">p 201</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bloomsbury.com/uk/special-interest/reference/whos-who/">"Bloomsbury – Who's Who"</a>. Bloomsbury.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bloomsbury&rft.atitle=Bloomsbury+%E2%80%93+Who%27s+Who&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomsbury.com%2Fuk%2Fspecial-interest%2Freference%2Fwhos-who%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWho%27s+Who+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ukcatalogue.oup.com/product/9780199540891.do">"Who's Who and Who Was Who Online"</a>. oup.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=oup.com&rft.atitle=Who%27s+Who+and+Who+Was+Who+Online&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fukcatalogue.oup.com%2Fproduct%2F9780199540891.do&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWho%27s+Who+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> Pedersen, "Reference Publishing" in Finkelstein and McCleery (eds), Edinburgh History of the Book in Scotland, 2007, vol 4, p 346 at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gdeqBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA347">p 347</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kehLAQAAIAAJ">Waterstone's Guide to Books 1989/90</a>, p 720. Wilson, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1pZmAAAAMAAJ">Research Guide in History</a>, 1974, p 81. "An Indispensable Reference Work" (1936) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=j615Hl0g2ZAC">98</a> Chemical Trade Journal and Chemical Engineer 10 (3 January 1936). (1917) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LvgMAQAAIAAJ">15</a> British Journal of Inebriety 173. </li> <li id="cite_note-online-7">^ <a href="#cite_ref-online_7-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-online_7-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ukwhoswho.com">"Who's Who"</a>. ukwhoswho.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ukwhoswho.com&rft.atitle=Who%27s+Who&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ukwhoswho.com&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWho%27s+Who+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CrickRosenbaum2004-8">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CrickRosenbaum2004_8-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CrickRosenbaum2004_8-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CrickRosenbaum2004_8-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CrickRosenbaum2004_8-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CrickRosenbaum2004_8-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CrickRosenbaum2004_8-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CrickRosenbaum2004_8-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CrickRosenbaum2004_8-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CrickRosenbaum2004_8-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CrickRosenbaum2004_8-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CrickRosenbaum2004_8-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CrickRosenbaum2004_8-11">l</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CrickRosenbaum2004_8-12">m</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CrickRosenbaum2004_8-13">n</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRosenbaumCrick2004" class="citation news cs1">Rosenbaum, Martin; Crick, Michael (10 July 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.spectator.co.uk/article/how-to-get-into-who-s-who">"How to get into Who's Who"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Spectator" title="The Spectator">The Spectator</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Spectator&rft.atitle=How+to+get+into+Who%27s+Who&rft.date=2004-07-10&rft.aulast=Rosenbaum&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft.au=Crick%2C+Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.spectator.co.uk%2Farticle%2Fhow-to-get-into-who-s-who&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWho%27s+Who+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> "Reference" in "New Books and New Editions" (1906) 24 Book News 531 <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_1A8AQAAMAAJ">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7gI3AQAAMAAJ">[2]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> Arnold Levitas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OFM5AAAAMAAJ">Editorial English</a>. Roy Press. New York City. 1924. p 248. There are similar comments in "Book Reviews" (1920) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JGpJAQAAMAAJ">32</a> The Writer 77 and in Kroeger, Guide to the Study and Use of Reference Books, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Rr8zAQAAMAAJ">3rd Ed</a>, 1917, p 137. </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.macmillandictionary.com/dictionary/british/who-s-who">"who's who"</a>. Macmillan Dictionary. </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> Christine Ammer. The American Heritage Dictionary of Idioms. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. 1992. 1997. 2003. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://idioms.thefreedictionary.com/who%27s+who">The Free Dictionary</a>. Farlex. </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/who-s-who">Who's Who</a>. Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English. </li> <li id="cite_note-more-14">^ <a href="#cite_ref-more_14-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-more_14-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-more_14-2">c</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.print.ukwhoswho.com/more_whoswho">"More about Who's Who"</a>. OUP. </li> <li id="cite_note-WallerWRAR420to423-15">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WallerWRAR420to423_15-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WallerWRAR420to423_15-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WallerWRAR420to423_15-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWaller2008" class="citation book cs1">Waller, Philip (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pwcUDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA422">Writers, Readers, and Reputations: Literary Life in Britain 1870-1918</a>. Oxford University Press. pp. 420–423. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-954120-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-954120-1"><bdi>978-0-19-954120-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Writers%2C+Readers%2C+and+Reputations%3A+Literary+Life+in+Britain+1870-1918&rft.pages=420-423&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-19-954120-1&rft.aulast=Waller&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpwcUDAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA422&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWho%27s+Who+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWaller1991" class="citation book cs1">Waller, Philip J. (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1GOWTUYFPRQC&dq=douglas+sladen+who%27s+who&pg=PA38">Town, city, and nation: England 1850 - 1914</a> (Repr ed.). Oxford: Clarendon Press. p. 38. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-289163-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-289163-1"><bdi>978-0-19-289163-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Town%2C+city%2C+and+nation%3A+England+1850+-+1914&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=38&rft.edition=Repr&rft.pub=Clarendon+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0-19-289163-1&rft.aulast=Waller&rft.aufirst=Philip+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1GOWTUYFPRQC%26dq%3Ddouglas%2Bsladen%2Bwho%2527s%2Bwho%26pg%3DPA38&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWho%27s+Who+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> Cedric A Larson. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LuxHAAAAMAAJ">Sixty Years of American Eminence</a>. McDowell, Obolensky. New York. 1958. p 22. </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> Ogilvie. Women and Science: An Annotated Bibliography. Garland Publishing. 1996. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qbPkrOvNYO4C&pg=PA501">p 501</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/William-L-Rivers-3139617.php">www.sfgate.com</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> William L Rivers. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OOmCO4rGZwEC">Finding Facts: Interviewing, Observing, Using Reference Sources</a>. Prentice-Hall. 1975. p 110. Rivers. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pU41AAAAIAAJ">Reference Books for the Journalist</a>. University of Texas, School of Journalism. 1963. </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> For a scan of the first edition, see Google Books: <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fXJmAAAAMAAJ">[3]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dnUWAQAAMAAJ">[4]</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> "Some recent additions to the Library", ACU Bulletin of Current Documentation, Issues 12–41, page 30 (Association of Commonwealth Universities) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YC_yAAAAMAAJ">Google Books</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> For reviews of The Academic Who's Who, see (1973) 49 International Affairs 529 (RIIA) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2616924">JSTOR</a>; "Academic Who's Who", Glasgow Herald, City Edition, 10 February 1973, p 8, col 2; "Academic Who's Who" (1978) 8 British Studies Monitor 53 <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZL8pAQAAIAAJ">[5]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LWcpAAAAYAAJ">[6]</a>; The Library Journal Book Review 1973, p 1 <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sBrpAAAAMAAJ">[7]</a>; "The Academic Who's Who 1973–1974" (1974) 70 Book Review Digest 3 <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0GwOAQAAMAAJ">[8]</a>; "Reference" (1973) 10 Choice 593 <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uv08AQAAIAAJ">[9]</a>; (1976) 13 Choice 296 (Issues 1 to 7) <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_F3pAAAAMAAJ">[10]</a>; (1976) 101 Library Journal 2268 <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uNLgAAAAMAAJ">[11]</a>; "Dictionary of academics", ACU Bulletin of Current Documentation, Issues 1–11, p 20 <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9y7yAAAAMAAJ">[12]</a>; (1973) British Book News 286 <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3i9QAAAAIAAJ">[13]</a>. For other commentary, see Elizabeth M Moys, Manual of Law Librarianship, BIALL, 1976, pp 410 & 411, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_8MYAAAAIAAJ">[14]</a> Second Edition, GK Hall, 1987, pp 373 & 381 <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oKZBAQAAIAAJ">[15]</a>; Bohdan S Wynar (ed), "641. The Academic Who's Who 1975–1976" in American Reference Books Annual 1977, Libraries Unlimited, 1977, vol 8, p 311 <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=g0E0AAAAMAAJ">[16]</a>; "Educators and Scholars" (1975) 2 Readers Advisory Service 60 (Issues 76 to 150) <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5MdWAAAAMAAJ">[17]</a>; (1973) 1 Reference Services Review 9 <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3fIqAQAAMAAJ">[18]</a>; Ronald H Fritze, Brian E Coutts and Louis Andrew Vyhnanek, Reference Sources in History: An Introductory Guide, ABC-CLIO, Second Edition, 2004, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7VyOANl2qxoC&pg=PA208">p 208</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> Walford's Guide to Reference Material. Seventh Edition. Library Association Publishing. 1996. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=77IPAQAAMAAJ">Volume 2</a>. Para 5834 p 648. </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bq7gAAAAMAAJ">Annual Report</a>. The Library Association. 1997. p 12. </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jbjgAAAAMAAJ">Yearbook 2009</a>. CILIP. 2008. p 476. </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nfrGRhHBuskC">New Serial Titles, 1999</a>. p 1877. </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> Bopp and Smith. Reference and Information Services: An Introduction. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-MgVAQAAIAAJ">Third Edition</a>. Libraries Unlimited 2001. pp 390 & 406. </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> "CD-ROM and Web resource reviews" (1999) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dpziAAAAMAAJ">4</a> Library Technology 46 at 47 (No 3, June 1999) </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> "KnowUK" (1999) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RskmAQAAIAAJ">28</a> Microform & Imaging Review 77 (No 3) </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> Eliot and Rose (eds). A Companion to the History of the Book. 2007. Wiley-Blackwell. 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=R8Pfs146nUAC&pg=PA459">p 459</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> "Xrefer and A&C Black team up for Who's Who Online" in "Intermediaries" (2005) Scholarly Communications Report, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=t3DhAAAAMAAJ">vol 9</a>, no 2, February 2005, p 15 </li> <li id="cite_note-Burchsted2014-33">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Burchsted2014_33-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Burchsted2014_33-1">b</a> Whitlatch and Searing (eds). Guide to Reference: Essential General Reference and Library Science Sources. American Library Association. 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=06WnBAAAQBAJ&pg=PT35">Number 60</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> "Albert Nelson Marquis" in "Obituary Notes" (1944) 145 Publishers Weekly 130 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MjVVAAAAYAAJ">Google Books</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> Alice Bertha Kroeger. Guide to the Study and Use of Reference Books. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Rr8zAQAAMAAJ">Third Edition</a>. American Library Association. 1917. p 137. </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> Ryan and Tankard. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Uy4bAQAAIAAJ">Basic News Reporting</a>. Mayfield Publishing Company. 1977. p 385. </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Frederic_Boase" title="Frederic Boase">Frederic Boase</a>. "Addison, Henry Robert" in Modern English Biography. 1892. Volume 1. Page 1819. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GIVmAAAAMAAJ">[19]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> Frederic Boase. "Oakes, Charles Henry" in Modern English Biography. 1897. Volume 2. Page 1871. </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogue.nla.gov.au/Record/2575617">"Who's Who"</a>. National Library of Australia Catalogue. </li> <li id="cite_note-JollyEncyclopedia2013p939-40">^ <a href="#cite_ref-JollyEncyclopedia2013p939_40-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-JollyEncyclopedia2013p939_40-1">b</a> Margaretta Jolly (ed). "Who's Who" in Encyclopedia of Life Writing: Autobiographical and Biographical Forms. Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers. 2001. Routledge. 2013. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/157958232X" title="Special:BookSources/157958232X">157958232X</a>. Volume 1. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pedJAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA939">Page 939</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-CableAlexander1990-41">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CableAlexander1990_41-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CableAlexander1990_41-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CableAlexander1990_41-2">c</a> Melanie Cable-Alexander. "The what's what of Who's Who" in "Perspectives". The Financial Times. 19 May 1990. Section II: Weekend FT (Weekend May 19/May 20). p viii. [This newspaper article contains the following passage: But even if the living are allowed to edit their lives, the real story can eventually be found behind the entries in Who Was Who . . . In this volume, white lies are laid low and the truth is made whole again, because at that stage "they won't know a thing about it."] </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFriedmanReeves2020" class="citation journal cs1">Friedman, Sam; Reeves, Aaron (15 April 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0003122420912941">"From Aristocratic to Ordinary: Shifting Modes of Elite Distinction"</a>. American Sociological Review. 85 (2): 323–350. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0003122420912941">10.1177/0003122420912941</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0003-1224">0003-1224</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:218828282">218828282</a>. <q>This legitimacy has been demonstrated in a number of ways: the book has long been considered the most valid catalogue of the British elite among elite scholars (see, e.g., Griffiths, Miles, and Savage 2008; Heath 1981; Kelsall 1955; Kirby 2016; Miles and Savage 2012; Stanworth and Giddens 1974)</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Sociological+Review&rft.atitle=From+Aristocratic+to+Ordinary%3A+Shifting+Modes+of+Elite+Distinction&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=323-350&rft.date=2020-04-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A218828282%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0003-1224&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F0003122420912941&rft.aulast=Friedman&rft.aufirst=Sam&rft.au=Reeves%2C+Aaron&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1177%252F0003122420912941&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWho%27s+Who+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> Friedman and Reeves (2020), 328. </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> Friedman, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/suppl/10.1177/0003122420912941/suppl_file/Friedman_online_supplement_.pdf">Online Supplement</a>, p 3 </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> Graeme C Moodie and Rowland Eustace, Power & Authority in British Universities, George Allen & Unwin, 1974, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wmeoY8sGZ4oC&pg=PA213">p 213</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> Paul Levy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB839527332374338000">"(Sex) Lives and Deaths of British Worthies"</a>. Wall Street Journal. 9 August 1996. </li> <li id="cite_note-BBCNews2001-47">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BBCNews2001_47-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BBCNews2001_47-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BBCNews2001_47-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BBCNews2001_47-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BBCNews2001_47-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BBCNews2001_47-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BBCNews2001_47-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BBCNews2001_47-7">h</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/1119959.stm">"How to get in Who's Who"</a>. BBC News. 18 January 2001.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=How+to+get+in+Who%27s+Who&rft.date=2001-01-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fuk_news%2F1119959.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWho%27s+Who+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-bbc1999-48"><a href="#cite_ref-bbc1999_48-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/487211.stm">"Lord Lucan 'officially dead'"</a>, <a href="/wiki/BBC_News_Online" title="BBC News Online">BBC News Online</a>, 27 October 1999</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News+Online&rft.atitle=Lord+Lucan+%27officially+dead%27&rft.date=1999-10-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fuk_news%2F487211.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWho%27s+Who+%28UK%29" class="Z3988">. </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> "Lucan". Who's Who 2016. p 1422. </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">"Lucan, 7th Earl of, (Richard John Bingham) (born 18 Dec. 1934)". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.U25051">Who Was Who</a>. 1 December 2016. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fww%2F9780199540884.013.U25051">10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.U25051</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Lucan%2C+7th+Earl+of%2C+%28Richard+John+Bingham%29+%28born+18+Dec.+1934%29&rft.btitle=Who+Was+Who&rft.date=2016-12-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fww%2F9780199540884.013.U25051&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1093%2Fww%2F9780199540884.013.U25051&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWho%27s+Who+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">"Bingham, (Richard) John, seventh earl of Lucan". <a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</a> (online ed.). Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F75967">10.1093/ref:odnb/75967</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Bingham%2C+%28Richard%29+John%2C+seventh+earl+of+Lucan&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.edition=online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F75967&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWho%27s+Who+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"> (Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public">UK public library membership</a> required.) </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> "Confidentiality" in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ukwhoswho.com/page/biographees">"Biographees"</a>. Who's Who & Who Was Who. </li> <li id="cite_note-JP-53">^ <a href="#cite_ref-JP_53-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-JP_53-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-JP_53-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaxman2007" class="citation news cs1">Paxman, Jeremy (1 December 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080206194659/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/portal/main.jhtml?xml=/portal/2007/12/01/ftwhoswho101.xml">"Who's new in Who's Who?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/portal/main.jhtml?xml=/portal/2007/12/01/ftwhoswho101.xml">the original</a> on 6 February 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Who%27s+new+in+Who%27s+Who%3F&rft.date=2007-12-01&rft.aulast=Paxman&rft.aufirst=Jeremy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fportal%2Fmain.jhtml%3Fxml%3D%2Fportal%2F2007%2F12%2F01%2Fftwhoswho101.xml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWho%27s+Who+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> (1996) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=n3FMAAAAYAAJ">190</a> Country Life 36. For further commentary see, Watts, Diversity and Choice in Higher Education, 1972, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eZV2DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA138">p 138</a>; and A H Halsey, "The popularity of Oxford and Cambridge? IIb. A pyramid of prestige" (1961) 15 Universities Quarterly 342 (No 4, September 1961) </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> "Works of Reference" (1907) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DWQvAQAAMAAJ">32</a> Law Magazine and Review <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.44355/page/n270/mode/1up?view=theater">256</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> (1910) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VTU-AQAAMAAJ">21</a> The Expository Times 229 <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VTU-AQAAMAAJ">[20]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ea4kt_lf8ucC">[21]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> "Who's Who" (1936) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5quURbAH3fYC">45</a> Journal of the Royal Institute of British Architects 432 (No 8: 22 February 1936) </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> Charles Moore, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/comment/columnists/charlesmoore/6934598/Recreations-Try-a-dip-into-Whos-Who.html">Recreations? Try a dip into 'Who's Who'</a>. The Daily Telegraph. 5 January 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/321763285/E40D2D363E4C4A37PQ/2">ProQuest</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-ValentineLow2021-59">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ValentineLow2021_59-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ValentineLow2021_59-1">b</a> Valentine Low. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/latest-whos-who-doesnt-list-eddie-redmayne-or-olivia-colman-8zlvzvtm2">Latest Who's Who doesn't list Eddie Redmayne or Olivia Colman</a>. The Times. 8 February 2021. </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3591985.stm">Michael Grade is new BBC chairman</a>. BBC News. 2 April 2004. </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/6189994.stm">Grade quits BBC post to join ITV</a>. BBC News. 28 November 2006. </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnston2015" class="citation web cs1">Johnston, Ian (6 December 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/benedict-cumberbatch-keira-knightley-and-chiwetel-ejiofor-among-farcical-omissions-from-who-s-who-a6762761.html">"Benedict Cumberbatch, Keira Knightley and Chiwetel Ejiofor among 'farcical' omissions from Who's Who"</a>. The Independent. 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Who 1941" (1941) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fdCfqBVSCZoC">49</a> Municipal Journal & Local Government Administrator 128 (31 January 1941) </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> Journal of the Royal Institute of Public Health and Hygiene, 1942, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WoIXAQAAIAAJ">vols 5 to 6</a>, p 46 </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a> "Review" (1942) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YtEWAQAAMAAJ">106</a> The Accountant 131 (28 February 1942) </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a> "Reviews of New Books" (1943) 209 Medical Press and Circular 144 (3 March 1943). See also the review at (1943) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1soEAAAAMAAJ">10</a> Metallurgical Abstracts 100. </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a> "Book Review" (1944) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aIMXAQAAIAAJ">7</a> Journal of the Royal Institute of Public Health and Hygiene 126 </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a> "Reviews" (1946) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qokvAQAAIAAJ">80</a> Irish Law Times and Solicitors' Journal 267 (19 October 1946) </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> Subscription Books Bulletin, April 1950, p 31 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ysYaAQAAMAAJ">scan of vols 21 to 23</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a> Ajit Kumar Mukherjee. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DLEYAAAAIAAJ">Manual of Reference Work</a>. World Press Private Ltd. Calcutta. 1957. p 87. </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a> Bohdan S Wynar, Who's Who 1970–1971. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CPAaAAAAMAAJ">American Reference Books Annual 1971</a>. Second Edition. Libraries Unlimited. para 211. p 77 at p 78. </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dkU0AAAAMAAJ">Reference and Subscription Books Reviews 1972–1974</a>. American Library Association. 1975. p 385 at p 386. </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a> John R M Wilson. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1pZmAAAAMAAJ">Research Guide in History</a>. General Learning Press. 1974. p 81. </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a> Peterson. Reference Books for Elementary and Junior High School Libraries. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_My_AAAAIAAJ">Second Edition</a>. Scarecrow Press. 1975. p 83. </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a> Caskey, "Who's Who 1982–1983". Bohdan S Wynar (ed). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ez00AAAAMAAJ">American Reference Books Annual 1983</a>. Libraries Unlimited. vol 14. para 99. p 47 at p 48. </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a> Caskey, "Who's Who 1985–1986". Bohdan S Wynar (ed). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=n4JGAAAAMAAJ">Best Reference Books, 1981–1985</a>. Libraries Unlimited. 1986. para 123. p 66. </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a> Wilson. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zQsZAQAAIAAJ">A New Research Guide in History</a>. Palisades Publishers. 1986. p 33. </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a> Yury Boshyk and Robert L Dilworth. Action Learning: History and Evolution. Palgrave Macmillan. 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4EreCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA252">p 252</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a> Glenda Norquay. Voices and Votes: A Literary Anthology of the Women's Suffrage Campaign. Manchester University Press. 1995. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=v4m-aqVKOqoC&pg=PA306">p 306</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rosenbaum.org.uk/about/">www.rosenbaum.org.uk</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a> William A Kelly, "Who's Who Online" (2007) 21 Reference Reviews 63 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/2439041583">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/09504120710729012/full/html">Emerald Insight</a>. See further, "Online Databases", <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vf3gAAAAMAAJ">Library & Information Science Abstracts</a>, Library Association, 2007, No 6085 at p 47. </li> <li id="cite_note-WatsonSmyth1998-139">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WatsonSmyth1998_139-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WatsonSmyth1998_139-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WatsonSmyth1998_139-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WatsonSmyth1998_139-3">d</a> Kate Watson-Smyth. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/150-years-for-the-guide-to-who-s-who-and-what-s-what-1152086.html">150 years for the guide to who's who and what's what</a>. The Independent. 24 March 1998. </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a> See further "The Times Diary", The Times, 30 October 1984, p 10 </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a> Compton Miller, "Who says other names don't smell as sweet?", The Times, 22 January 1998, p 37 </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.heraldscotland.com/news/13106391.ex-labour-mp-jimmy-wray-son-gorbals-dies/">Ex-Labour MP Jimmy Wray, son of Gorbals, dies</a>. The Herald. 25 May 2013. </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFlather1997" class="citation web cs1">Flather, PCR (9 August 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/letters/letter-oxford-year-s-1244798.html">"Letter: Oxford year(s)"</a>. The Independent. Retrieved 23 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Letter%3A+Oxford+year%28s%29&rft.date=1997-08-09&rft.aulast=Flather&rft.aufirst=PCR&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fvoices%2Fletters%2Fletter-oxford-year-s-1244798.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWho%27s+Who+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a> "Duncan Smith, Rt Hon. (George) Iain". Who's Who 2002. Palgrave, New York. USA. 2002. p 614. "Duncan Smith, Rt Hon. (George) Iain". Who's Who 2003. A & C Black. London. 2003. p 620. </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a> "Duncan Smith, Rt Hon. (George) Iain". Who's Who 2004. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. USA. 2004. p 630. </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2002/12_december/19/newsnight_ids_cv.shtml">"Newsnight reveals inaccuracies in Iain Duncan Smith's CV"</a>. BBC News. 19 December 2002. BBC Press Office. [Press release]. </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a> "Gulliver, James Gerald". Who's Who 1972–1973. (Who's Who 1972). St Martin's Press. New York. 1972. p 1322. </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a> "Gulliver, James Gerald". Who's Who 1973. Adam and Charles Black. 1973. p 1338. </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a> "Gulliver, James Gerald". Who's Who 1980–1981. (Who's Who 1980). St Martin's Press. New York. 1980. p 1055. </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a> "Gulliver, James Gerald". Who's Who 1985. A & C Black. 1985. p 793. </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a> "Gulliver, James Gerald". Who's Who 1986. A & C Black. 1986. p 718. </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a> "Argyll chief says he will not resign". The Times. 10 March 1986. p 1. </li> <li id="cite_note-Times10Mar86p17-153">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Times10Mar86p17_153-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Times10Mar86p17_153-1">b</a> City Staff. "Gulliver 'will not resign' ". The Times, 10 March 1986. p 17. </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a> Michael Dixon. "The risk of keeping skeletons in cupboards" in "Jobs". The Financial Times. 13 March 1986. Appointments adv. p I. </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a> Martin Dickson, "UK Takeover Battles: Bulls shake the china shop", The Financial Times, 12 March 1986, p 17 </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a> David Goodhart. "Distillers denies being involved in 'dirty tricks' ". The Financial Times. 13 March 1986. p 26. </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a> Paddy Ashdown, HC Deb, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xsJOzJLgpUkC">12 March 1986</a>, col 958 (Parliamentary Debates, Official Report, Sixth Series, vol 93) </li> <li id="cite_note-158"><a href="#cite_ref-158">^</a> "Miscellaneous" (1904) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EQxpacmbkcYC">57</a> The Educational Times (1 March 1904). "Notices and Reviews of Books" (1903) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KX83AAAAMAAJ">14</a> The Liberty Review 287 (December 1903). "Reviews and Notices of Books" (1904) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=B3w3AQAAMAAJ">19</a> The Pharmaceutical Journal 879 (10 December 1904). </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a> "Some Recent Publications" (1903) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PPY9AQAAMAAJ">23</a> Surveyor and Municipal and County Engineer 40 (9 January 1903) </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a> "Books of the Year". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HOEVAQAAIAAJ">The Reformers' Year Book 1905</a>. p 240. Kroeger and Mudge. Guide to Reference Books. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Rr8zAQAAMAAJ">Third Edition</a>. American Library Association. 1917. p 137. </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a> Hugo Vickers. "Help at hand for the malignant" in "Books for Christmas/3". The Times. Saturday 24 November 1984. The Times Saturday Books for Christmas: A Weekly Guide to Leisure, Entertainment and the Arts. Saturday, 24–30 November 1984. p 13. </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a> Auberon Waugh. "Connections". Books and Bookmen. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RazfAAAAMAAJ">Number 316: January 1982</a>, p 12. </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a> Richard William Cox, British Sport, Frank Cass, 2003, vol 3, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8uTCE7xPlcMC&pg=PR31">p xxxi</a> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Who%27s_Who_(UK)&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Ballou. Reference Books. PACAF Library Service Center. (Fifth Air Force, Pacific Air Forces). 1 September 1968. pp <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=27h_SpFOXl0C&pg=PA178">178</a> & 179.</li> <li>Fritze, Coutts and Vyhnanek. Reference Sources in History: An Introductory Guide. ABC-CLIO. Second Edition. 2004. pp 199 & <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7VyOANl2qxoC&pg=PA201">201</a>.</li> <li>James L Harner. Literary Research Guide. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Mr_fAAAAMAAJ">Fifth Edition</a>. MLA. 2008. p 188.</li> <li>Birch and Hooper. The Concise Oxford Companion to English Literature. Fourth Edition. 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JepcBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA772">p 772</a>.</li> <li>"What's What of Who's Who". <a href="/wiki/Western_Mail_(Wales)" title="Western Mail (Wales)">Western Mail</a>. 15 December 2001. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thefreelibrary.com/What's+what+of+Who's+Who%3B+PUBLISHING.-a080822675">TheFreeLibrary</a>.</li> <li>Gary Archer, "Review of Who's Who Online 2013 edition" (2013) 29 Refer 3 (No 1, Spring 2013) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/openview/153ffddf3856e6a4c6173a29d9d24afc/">ProQuest</a></li> <li>Malcolm Gladwell. "Nice to meet you. But what on earth are you doing here?" in "Books" in "The week in Reviews". The Observer. 11 January 1998. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/250415278/E40D2D363E4C4A37PQ/9">ProQuest</a></li> <li>Richard Ingrams, "Who's odd" (1983) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GTpIAQAAIAAJ">250</a> The Spectator, 2 April 1983, p 16 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.spectator.co.uk/article/2nd-april-1983/16/whos-odd">Spectator</a> [Review of Who's Who 1983]</li> <li>Alan Watkins, "Who he?" (1979) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=D2wHAQAAIAAJ">242</a> The Spectator, 12 May 1979, p 22 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/1295827078/E40D2D363E4C4A37PQ/42">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.spectator.co.uk/article/12th-may-1979/22/who-he">Spectator</a> [Review of Who's Who 1979]</li> <li>"The Longest Novel" (1970) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=84ggAQAAMAAJ">258</a> Punch 731 (13 May 1970) [Review of Who's Who 1970]</li> <li>"Curious Facts about Famous People" (1963) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VO3bla5NrKQC">44</a> Time and Tide 26 (21 to 27 March 1963) [Review of Who's Who 1963]</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">"Reviewed work: Who's Who". Journal of the Royal Society of Arts. 92 (4676): 618–619. 1944. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41362125">41362125</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Royal+Society+of+Arts&rft.atitle=Reviewed+work%3A+Who%27s+Who&rft.volume=92&rft.issue=4676&rft.pages=618-619&rft.date=1944&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F41362125%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWho%27s+Who+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">"Reviewed work: Who's Who 1940; the Writers' and Artists' Year Book 1940; the Official Year Book of the Scientific and Learned Societies of Great Britain and Ireland". Journal of the Royal Society of Arts. 88 (4558): 502. 1940. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41402209">41402209</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Royal+Society+of+Arts&rft.atitle=Reviewed+work%3A+Who%27s+Who+1940%3B+the+Writers%27+and+Artists%27+Year+Book+1940%3B+the+Official+Year+Book+of+the+Scientific+and+Learned+Societies+of+Great+Britain+and+Ireland&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=4558&rft.pages=502&rft.date=1940&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F41402209%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWho%27s+Who+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">"Reviewed work: Who's Who, 1938". Journal of the Royal Society of Arts. 86 (4449): 355. 1938. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41361252">41361252</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Royal+Society+of+Arts&rft.atitle=Reviewed+work%3A+Who%27s+Who%2C+1938&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=4449&rft.pages=355&rft.date=1938&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F41361252%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWho%27s+Who+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">"Reviewed work: Who's Who, 1937". Journal of the Royal Society of Arts. 85 (4388): 168. 1936. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41360910">41360910</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Royal+Society+of+Arts&rft.atitle=Reviewed+work%3A+Who%27s+Who%2C+1937&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=4388&rft.pages=168&rft.date=1936&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F41360910%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWho%27s+Who+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">"Reviewed work: Whitaker's Almanack, 1915; Who's Who, 1915". The Burlington Magazine for Connoisseurs. 26 (143): 216–217. 1915. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/859969">859969</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Burlington+Magazine+for+Connoisseurs&rft.atitle=Reviewed+work%3A+Whitaker%27s+Almanack%2C+1915%3B+Who%27s+Who%2C+1915&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=143&rft.pages=216-217&rft.date=1915&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F859969%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWho%27s+Who+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">"Reviewed work: Who's Who, 1910; Who's Who Year Book, 1910; the Writers' and Artists' Year Book, 1910; the Englishwoman's Year Book, 1910". The Burlington Magazine for Connoisseurs. 16 (82): 237. 1910. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/858036">858036</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Burlington+Magazine+for+Connoisseurs&rft.atitle=Reviewed+work%3A+Who%27s+Who%2C+1910%3B+Who%27s+Who+Year+Book%2C+1910%3B+the+Writers%27+and+Artists%27+Year+Book%2C+1910%3B+the+Englishwoman%27s+Year+Book%2C+1910&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=82&rft.pages=237&rft.date=1910&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F858036%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWho%27s+Who+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">"Reviewed work: Who's Who, 1909; the English-Woman's Year Book and Directory, G. E. Mitton; Who's Who Year-Book for 1909; the Writer's and Artist's Year-Book, 1909". The Burlington Magazine for Connoisseurs. 14 (70): 249. 1909. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/857772">857772</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Burlington+Magazine+for+Connoisseurs&rft.atitle=Reviewed+work%3A+Who%27s+Who%2C+1909%3B+the+English-Woman%27s+Year+Book+and+Directory%2C+G.+E.+Mitton%3B+Who%27s+Who+Year-Book+for+1909%3B+the+Writer%27s+and+Artist%27s+Year-Book%2C+1909&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=70&rft.pages=249&rft.date=1909&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F857772%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWho%27s+Who+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li>(1903) 19 Law Quarterly Review 109 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lawquarterlyrev04unkngoog">Internet Archive</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OPcuAAAAIAAJ">Google Books</a></li> <li>(1903) 37 Law Journal 611 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=D8s5AQAAIAAJ">Google Books</a></li> <li>"Current Literature", The Spectator, 4 February 1865, p 20 <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://archive.spectator.co.uk/article/4th-february-1865/20/whos-who-in-1865-edited-by-william-john-lawson-a">[43]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Who%27s_Who_(UK)&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original text related to this article: <div style="margin-left: 10px;"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Who_Was_Who" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Who Was Who">Who Was Who</a></div></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ukwhoswho.com">Official website</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2567271#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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