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enzymes</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: immobilized enzymes"> <meta name="keywords" content="immobilized enzymes"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="immobilized enzymes"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 828</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: immobilized enzymes</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">708</span> Physiological Regulation of Lignin-Modifying Enzymes Synthesis by Selected Basidiomycetes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ana%20%20Tsokilauri">Ana Tsokilauri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The uppermost factor in the regulation of lignin-cellulose activity of decaying white rot or free rot are the substances serving as carbon and nitrogen nutrition of microorganisms and are considered as the most important factor of generative activity of white rot. The research object was Basidiomycete Fungi, peculiar and common in Georgia, and the separation of 10 of them as pure crops. The unidentified pure crops have tasted in order to be determined the potential of synthesis of lignin-degrading enzymes and the substrate of optimal lignocellulose growth. One of the most important aspects of the research conducted on Basidiomycetes was the use of specific lignocellulosic residues for selecting Fungi as a substrate of their growth. In order to increase lignocellulose with the help of substrate, crops were selected from the screening stage that showed good laccase activity. (Dusheti 1; Dusheti 10; Fshavi 5; Fshavi1; Fshavi 8; Fshavi 32; Manglisi 26; Sabaduri20; Dusheti 7; Sabaduri 1 ), Among the selected cultures, the crops with good laccase activity against the following substances, in particular: Dusheti 1- in this case, the rate of enzymatic activity on bran substrate was -105,6 u/ml, mandarin-96,4 u/ml. In case of corn - 102,9 u/ml. In case of Dusheti 7- the indicators were as follows: bananas-121,7 u/ml, mandarin-125,4 u/ml, corn - 117,1 u/ml. In the case of Sanaduri 32, the laccase activity was as follows: pomegranate- 101,2 u/ml. As a result of conducted experiments, the synthesis and activity rates of enzymes depending on plant substrates varied within a fairly wide range, which is still being under research. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lignocellulosic%20substrate" title="Lignocellulosic substrate">Lignocellulosic substrate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Basidiomycetes" title=" Basidiomycetes"> Basidiomycetes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=white-rot%20basidiomycetes" title=" white-rot basidiomycetes"> white-rot basidiomycetes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Laccase" title=" Laccase"> Laccase</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138684/physiological-regulation-of-lignin-modifying-enzymes-synthesis-by-selected-basidiomycetes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138684.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">196</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">707</span> Cannabis Sativa L as Natural Source of Promising Anti-Alzheimer Drug Candidates: A Comprehensive Computational Approach Including Molecular Docking, Molecular Dynamics, Admet and MM-PBSA Studies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hassan%20Nour">Hassan Nour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nouh%20Mounadi"> Nouh Mounadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oussama%20Abchir"> Oussama Abchir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Belaidi%20Salah"> Belaidi Salah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samir%20Chtita"> Samir Chtita</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cholinesterase enzymes are biological catalysts essential for the transformation of acetylcholine, which is a neurotransmitter implicated in memory and learning, into acetic acid and choline, altering the neurotransmission process in Alzheimer’s disease patients. Therefore, inhibition of cholinesterase enzymes is a relevant strategy for the symptomatic treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. The current investigation aims to explore potential Cholinesterase (ChE) inhibitors through a comprehensive computational approach. Forty-nine phytoconstituents extracted from Cannabis sativa L were in-silico screened using molecular docking, pharmacokinetic and toxicological analysis to evaluate their possible inhibitory effect towards the cholinesterase enzymes. Two phytoconstituents belonging to cannabinoid derivatives were revealed to be promising candidates for Alzheimer therapy by acting as cholinesterase inhibitors. They have exhibited high binding affinities towards the cholinesterase enzymes and showed their ability to interact with key residues involved in cholinesterase enzymatic activity. In addition, they presented good ADMET profiles allowing them to be promising oral drug candidates. Furthermore, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were executed to explore their interactions stability under mimetic biological conditions and thus support our findings. To corroborate the docking results, the binding free energy corresponding to the more stable ligand-ChE complexes was re-estimated by applying the MM-PBSA method. MD and MM-PBSA studies affirmed that the ligand-ChE recognition is spontaneous reaction leading to stable complexes. The conducted investigations have led to great findings that would strongly guide the pharmaceutical industries towards the rational development of potent anti-Alzheimer agents. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alzheimer%E2%80%99s%20disease" title="alzheimer’s disease">alzheimer’s disease</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=molecular%20docking" title=" molecular docking"> molecular docking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cannabis%20sativa%20l" title=" cannabis sativa l"> cannabis sativa l</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cholinesterase%20inhibitors" title=" cholinesterase inhibitors"> cholinesterase inhibitors</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171130/cannabis-sativa-l-as-natural-source-of-promising-anti-alzheimer-drug-candidates-a-comprehensive-computational-approach-including-molecular-docking-molecular-dynamics-admet-and-mm-pbsa-studies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171130.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">73</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">706</span> Response of Barley Quality Traits, Yield and Antioxidant Enzymes to Water-Stress and Chemical Inducers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emad%20Hafez">Emad Hafez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahmoud%20Seleiman"> Mahmoud Seleiman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Two field experiments were carried out in order to investigate the effect of chemical inducers [benzothiadiazole 0.9 mM L-1, oxalic acid 1.0 mM L-1, salicylic acid 0.2 mM L-1] on physiological and technological traits as well as on yields and antioxidant enzyme activities of barley grown under abiotic stress (i.e. water surplus and deficit conditions). Results showed that relative water content, leaf area, chlorophyll and yield as well as technological properties of barley were improved with chemical inducers application under water surplus and water-stress conditions. Antioxidant enzymes activity (i.e. catalase and peroxidase) were significantly increased in barley grown under water-stress and treated with chemical inducers. Yield and related parameters of barley presented also significant decrease under water-stress treatment, while chemical inducers application enhanced the yield-related traits. Starch and protein contents were higher in plants treated with salicylic acid than in untreated plants when water-stress was applied. In conclusion, results show that chemical inducers application have a positive interaction and synergetic influence and should be suggested to improve plant growth, yield and technological properties of water stressed barley. Salicylic acid application was better than oxalic acid and benzothiadiazole in terms of plant growth and yield improvement. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antioxidant%20enzymes" title="antioxidant enzymes">antioxidant enzymes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drought%20stress" title=" drought stress"> drought stress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hordeum%20vulgare%20L." title=" Hordeum vulgare L."> Hordeum vulgare L.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quality" title=" quality"> quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=yield" title=" yield"> yield</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74163/response-of-barley-quality-traits-yield-and-antioxidant-enzymes-to-water-stress-and-chemical-inducers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74163.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">303</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">705</span> The Effect of Bisphenol A and Its Selected Analogues on Antioxidant Enzymes Activity in Human Erythrocytes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aneta%20Ma%C4%87czak">Aneta Maćczak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bo%C5%BCena%20Bukowska"> Bożena Bukowska</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jaromir%20Micha%C5%82owicz"> Jaromir Michałowicz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Bisphenols are one of the most widely used chemical compounds worldwide. They are used in the manufacturing of polycarbonates, epoxy resins and thermal paper which are applied in plastic containers, bottles, cans, newspapers, receipt and other products. Among these compounds, bisphenol A (BPA) is produced in the highest amounts. There are concerns about endocrine impact of BPA and its other toxic effects including hepatotoxicity, neurotoxicity and carcinogenicity on human organism. Moreover, BPA is supposed to increase the incidence the obesity, diabetes and heart disease. For this reason the use of BPA in the production of plastic infant feeding bottles and some other consumers products has been restricted in the European Union and the United States. Nowadays, BPA analogues like bisphenol F (BPF) and bisphenol S (BPS) have been developed as alternative compounds. The replacement of BPA with other bisphenols contributed to the increase of the exposure of human population to these substances. Toxicological studies have mainly focused on BPA. In opposite, a small number of studies concerning toxic effects of BPA analogues have been realized, which makes impossible to state whether those substituents are safe for human health. Up to now, the mechanism of bisphenols action on the erythrocytes has not been elucidated. That is why, the aim of this study was to assess the effect of BPA and its selected analogues such as BPF and BPS on the activity of antioxidant enzymes, i.e. catalase (EC 1.11.1.6.), glutathione peroxidase (E.C.1.11.1.9) and superoxide dismutase (EC.1.15.1.1) in human erythrocytes. Red blood cells in respect to their function (transport of oxygen) and very well developed enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidative system, are useful cellular model to assess changes in redox balance. Erythrocytes were incubated with BPA, BPF and BPS in the concentration ranging from 0.5 to 100 µg/ml for 24 h. The activity of catalase was determined by the method of Aebi (1984). The activity of glutathione peroxidase was measured according to the method described by Rice-Evans et al. (1991), while the activity of superoxide dismutase (EC.1.15.1.1) was determined by the method of Misra and Fridovich (1972). The results showed that BPA and BPF caused changes in the antioxidative enzymes activities. BPA decreased the activity of examined enzymes in the concentration of 100 µg/ml. We also noted that BPF decreased the activity of catalase (5-100 µg/ml), glutathione peroxidase (50-100 µg/ml) and superoxide dismutase (25-100 µg/ml), while BPS did not cause statistically significant changes in investigated parameters. The obtained results suggest that BPA and BPF disrupt redox balance in human erythrocytes but the observed changes may occur in human organism only during occupational or subacute exposure to these substances. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antioxidant%20enzymes" title="antioxidant enzymes">antioxidant enzymes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bisphenol%20A" title=" bisphenol A"> bisphenol A</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bisphenol%20a%20analogues" title=" bisphenol a analogues"> bisphenol a analogues</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20erythrocytes" title=" human erythrocytes"> human erythrocytes</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35582/the-effect-of-bisphenol-a-and-its-selected-analogues-on-antioxidant-enzymes-activity-in-human-erythrocytes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35582.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">471</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">704</span> Detoxification and Recycling of the Harvested Microalgae using Eco-friendly Food Waste Recycling Technology with Salt-tolerant Mushroom Strains</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20M.%20Kim">J. M. Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20W.%20Jung"> Y. W. Jung</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Lee"> E. Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20K.%20Kwack"> Y. K. Kwack</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q="></a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20K.%20Sim%2A">S. K. Sim*</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cyanobacterial blooms in lakes, reservoirs, and rivers have been environmental and social issues due to its toxicity, odor, etc. Among the cyanotoxins, microcystins exist mostly within the cyanobacterial cells, and they are released from the cells. Therefore, an innovative technology is needed to detoxify the harvested microalgae for environment-friendly utilization of the harvested microalgae. This study develops detoxification method of microcystins in the harvested microalgae and recycling harvested microalgae with food waste using salt-tolerant mushroom strains and natural ecosystem decomposer. During this eco-friendly organic waste recycling process, diverse bacteria or various enzymes of the salt-tolerant mushroom strains decompose the microystins and cyclic peptides. Using PHLC/Mass analysis, it was verified that 99.8% of the microcystins of the harvested microalgae was detoxified in the harvested mushroom as well as in the recycled organic biomass. Further study is planned to verify the decomposition mechanisms of the microcystins by the bacteria or enzymes. In this study, the harvested microalgae is mixed with the food waste, and then the mixed toxic organic waste is used as mushroom compost by adjusting the water content of about 70% using cellulose such as sawdust cocopeats and cottonseeds. The mushroom compost is bottled, sterilized, and salt-tolerant mushroom spawn is inoculated. The mushroom is then cultured and growing in the temperature, humidity, and CO2 controlled environment. During the cultivation and growing process of the mushroom, microcystins are decomposed into non-toxic organic or inorganic compounds by diverse bacteria or various enzymes of the mushroom strains. Various enzymes of the mushroom strains decompose organics of the mixed organic waste and produce nutritious and antibiotic mushrooms. Cultured biomass compost after mushroom harvest can be used for organic fertilizer, functional bio-feed, and RE-100 biomass renewable energy source. In this eco-friendly organic waste recycling process, no toxic material, wastewater, nor sludge is generated; thus, sustainable with the circular economy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microalgae" title="microalgae">microalgae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microcystin" title=" microcystin"> microcystin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=food%20waste" title=" food waste"> food waste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=salt-tolerant%20mushroom%20strains" title=" salt-tolerant mushroom strains"> salt-tolerant mushroom strains</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainability" title=" sustainability"> sustainability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=circular%20economy" title=" circular economy"> circular economy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154121/detoxification-and-recycling-of-the-harvested-microalgae-using-eco-friendly-food-waste-recycling-technology-with-salt-tolerant-mushroom-strains" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154121.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">143</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">703</span> Cannabis Sativa L as Natural Source of Promising Anti-Alzheimer Drug Candidates: A Comprehensive Computational Approach Including Molecular Docking, Molecular Dynamics, ADMET and MM-PBSA Studies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hassan%20Nour">Hassan Nour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nouh%20Mounadi"> Nouh Mounadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oussama%20Abchir"> Oussama Abchir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Belaidi%20Salah"> Belaidi Salah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samir%20Chtita"> Samir Chtita</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cholinesterase enzymes are biological catalysts essential for the transformation of acetylcholine, which is a neurotransmitter implicated in memory and learning, into acetic acid and choline, altering the neurotransmission process in Alzheimer’s disease patients. Therefore, inhibition of cholinesterase enzymes is a relevant strategy for the symptomatic treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. The current investigation aims to explore potential cholinesterase (ChE) inhibitors through a comprehensive computational approach. Forty-nine phytoconstituents extracted from Cannabis sativa L. were in-silico screened using molecular docking and pharmacokinetic and toxicological analysis to evaluate their possible inhibitory effect on the cholinesterase enzymes. Two phytoconstituents belonging to cannabinoid derivatives were revealed to be promising candidates for Alzheimer's therapy by acting as cholinesterase inhibitors. They have exhibited high binding affinities towards the cholinesterase enzymes and showed their ability to interact with key residues involved in cholinesterase enzymatic activity. In addition, they presented good ADMET profiles allowing them to be promising oral drug candidates. Furthermore, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were executed to explore their interaction stability under mimetic biological conditions and thus support our findings. To corroborate the docking results, the binding free energy corresponding to the more stable ligand-ChE complexes was re-estimated by applying the MM-PBSA method. MD and MM-PBSA studies affirmed that the ligand-ChE recognition is a spontaneous reaction leading to stable complexes. The conducted investigations have led to great findings that would strongly guide the pharmaceutical industries toward the rational development of potent anti-Alzheimer agents. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alzheimer%E2%80%99s%20disease" title="Alzheimer’s disease">Alzheimer’s disease</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=molecular%20docking" title=" molecular docking"> molecular docking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cannabis%20sativa%20L." title=" Cannabis sativa L."> Cannabis sativa L.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cholinesterase%20inhibitors" title=" cholinesterase inhibitors"> cholinesterase inhibitors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=molecular%20dynamics" title=" molecular dynamics"> molecular dynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ADMET" title=" ADMET"> ADMET</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MM-PBSA" title=" MM-PBSA"> MM-PBSA</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171128/cannabis-sativa-l-as-natural-source-of-promising-anti-alzheimer-drug-candidates-a-comprehensive-computational-approach-including-molecular-docking-molecular-dynamics-admet-and-mm-pbsa-studies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171128.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">83</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">702</span> Comparative Analysis of Soil Enzyme Activities between Laurel-Leaved and Cryptomeria japonica Forests</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayuko%20Itsuki">Ayuko Itsuki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sachiyo%20Aburatani"> Sachiyo Aburatani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Soil enzyme activities in Kasuga-yama Hill Primeval Forest (Nara, Japan) were examined to determine levels of mineralization and metabolism. Samples were selected from the soil surrounding laurel-leaved (B<sub>B-1</sub>) and <em>C</em><em>arpinus</em><em> japonica</em> (B<sub>B-2</sub> and P<sub>w</sub>) trees for analysis. Cellulase, β-xylosidase, and protease activities were higher in B<sub>B-1</sub> samples those in B<sub>B-2 </sub>samples. These activity levels corresponded to the distribution of cellulose and hemicellulose in the soil horizons. Cellulase, β-xylosidase, and chymotrypsin activities were higher in soil from the P<sub>w</sub> forest than in that from the B<sub>B-2 </sub>forest. The relationships between the soil enzymes calculated by Spearman’s rank correlation indicate that the interactions between enzymes in B<sub>B-2</sub> samples were more complex than those in P<sub>w</sub> samples. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=comparative%20analysis" title="comparative analysis">comparative analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enzyme%20activities" title=" enzyme activities"> enzyme activities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forest%20soil" title=" forest soil"> forest soil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Spearman%27s%20rank%20correlation" title=" Spearman's rank correlation"> Spearman's rank correlation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20200/comparative-analysis-of-soil-enzyme-activities-between-laurel-leaved-and-cryptomeria-japonica-forests" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20200.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">591</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">701</span> Sinapic Acid Attenuation of Cyclophosphamide-Induced Liver Toxicity in Mice by Modulating Oxidative Stress, Nf-κB, and Caspase-3</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shiva%20Rezaei">Shiva Rezaei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seyed%20Jalal%20Hosseinimehr"> Seyed Jalal Hosseinimehr</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abbasali%20Karimpour%20Malekshah"> Abbasali Karimpour Malekshah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mansooreh%20Mirzaei"> Mansooreh Mirzaei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fereshteh%20Talebpour%20Amiri"> Fereshteh Talebpour Amiri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehryar%20Zargari"> Mehryar Zargari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Objective(s): Cyclophosphamide (CP), as an antineoplastic drug, is widely used in cancer patients, and liver toxicity is one of its complications. Sinapic acid (SA), as a natural phenylpropanoid, has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer properties. Materials and Methods: The purpose of the current study was to determine the protective effect of SA versus CP-induced liver toxicity. In this research, BALB/c mice were treated with SA (5 and 10 mg/kg) orally for one week, and CP (200 mg/kg) was injected on day 3 of the study. Oxidative stress markers, serum liver-specific enzymes, histopathological features, caspase-3, and nuclear factor kappa-B cells were then checked. Results: CP induced hepatotoxicity in mice and showed structural changes in liver tissue. CP significantly increased liver enzymes and lipid peroxidation and decreased glutathione. The immunoreactivity of caspase-3 and nuclear factor kappa-B cells was significantly increased. Administration of SA significantly maintained histochemical parameters and liver function enzymes in mice treated with CP. Immunohistochemical examination showed SA reduced apoptosis and inflammation. Conclusion: The data confirmed that SA with anti-apoptotic, anti-oxidative, and anti-inflammatory activities was able to preserve CP-induced liver injury in mice. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=apoptosis" title="apoptosis">apoptosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cyclophosphamide" title=" cyclophosphamide"> cyclophosphamide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=liver%20injury" title=" liver injury"> liver injury</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inflammation" title=" inflammation"> inflammation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oxidative%20stress" title=" oxidative stress"> oxidative stress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sinapic%20acid" title=" sinapic acid"> sinapic acid</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182692/sinapic-acid-attenuation-of-cyclophosphamide-induced-liver-toxicity-in-mice-by-modulating-oxidative-stress-nf-kb-and-caspase-3" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182692.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">56</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">700</span> Screening of Nickel-Tolerant Genotype of Mung Bean (Vigna radiata) Based on Photosynthesis and Antioxidant System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Yusuf">Mohammad Yusuf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qazi%20Fariduddin"> Qazi Fariduddin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The main aim of this study was to explore the different cultivars of Vigna radiata on basis of photosynthesis, antioxidants and proline to assess Ni-sensitive and Ni-tolerant cultivar. Seeds of five different cultivars were sown in soil amended with different levels of Ni (0, 50, 100, or 150 mg kg 1). At 30 d stage, plants were harvested to assess the various parameters. The Ni treatment diminished growth, leaf water potential, chlorophyll content and net photosynthesis along with nitrate reductase and carbonic anhydrase activities in the concentration dependent manner whereas, it enhanced proline content and various antioxidant enzymes. The varieties T-44 found least affected, whereas PDM-139 experienced maximum damage at 150 mg kg-1 of Ni. Moreover, T-44 possessed maximum activity of antioxidant enzymes and proline content at all the levels of metal whereas PDM-139 possessed minimum values. Therefore, T-44 and PDM-139 were established as the most resistant and sensitive varieties, respectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vigna%20radiata" title="Vigna radiata">Vigna radiata</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antioxidants" title=" antioxidants"> antioxidants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nickel" title=" nickel"> nickel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photosynthesis" title=" photosynthesis"> photosynthesis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=proline" title=" proline"> proline</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41897/screening-of-nickel-tolerant-genotype-of-mung-bean-vigna-radiata-based-on-photosynthesis-and-antioxidant-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41897.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">223</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">699</span> Technology for Biogas Upgrading with Immobilized Algae Biomass</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marcin%20Debowski">Marcin Debowski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marcin%20Zielinski"> Marcin Zielinski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Miroslaw%20Krzemieniewski"> Miroslaw Krzemieniewski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Agata%20Glowacka-Gil"> Agata Glowacka-Gil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paulina%20Rusanowska"> Paulina Rusanowska</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Magdalena%20Zielinska"> Magdalena Zielinska</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Agnieszka%20Cydzik-Kwiatkowska"> Agnieszka Cydzik-Kwiatkowska</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Technologies of biogas upgrading are now perceived as competitive solution combustion and production of electricity and heat. Biomethane production will ensure broader application as energy carrier than biogas. Biomethane can be used as fuel in internal combustion engines or introduced into the natural gas transmission network. Therefore, there is a need to search for innovative, economically and technically justified methods for biogas enrichment. The aim of this paper is to present a technology solution for biogas upgrading with immobilized algae biomass. Reactor for biogas upgrading with immobilized algae biomass can be used for removing CO₂ from the biogas, flue gases and the waste gases especially coming from different industry sectors, e.g. from the food industry from yeast production process, biogas production systems, liquid and gaseous fuels combustion systems, hydrocarbon processing technology. The basis for the technological assumptions of presented technology were laboratory works and analyses that tested technological variants of biogas upgrading. The enrichment of biogas with a methane content of 90-97% pointed to technological assumptions for installation on a technical scale. Reactor for biogas upgrading with algae biomass is characterized by a significantly lower cubature in relation to the currently used solutions which use CO₂ removal processes. The invention, by its structure, assumes achieving a very high concentration of biomass of algae through its immobilization in capsules. This eliminates the phenomenon of lowering the pH value, i.e. acidification of the environment in which algae grow, resulting from the introduction of waste gases at a high CO₂ concentration. The system for introducing light into algae capsules is characterized by a higher degree of its use, due to lower losses resulting from the phenomenon of absorption of light energy by water. The light from the light source is continuously supplied to the formed biomass of algae or cyanobacteria in capsules by the light tubes. The light source may be sunlight or a light generator of a different wavelength of light from 300 nm to 800 nm. A portion of gas containing CO₂, accumulated in the tank and conveyed by the pump is periodically introduced into the housing of the photobioreactor tank. When conveying the gas that contains CO₂, it penetrates the algal biomass in capsules through the outer envelope, displacing, from the algal biomass, gaseous metabolic products which are discharged by the outlet duct for gases. It contributes to eliminating the negative impact of this factor on CO₂ binding processes. As a result of the cyclic dosing of gases containing carbon dioxide, gaseous metabolic products of algae are displaced and removed outside the technological system. Technology for biogas upgrading with immobilized algae biomass is suitable for the small biogas plant. The advantages of this technology are high efficiency as well as useful algae biomass which can be used mainly as animal feed, fertilizers and in the power industry. The construction of the device allows effective removal of carbon dioxide from gases at a high CO₂ concentration. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biogas" title="biogas">biogas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20dioxide" title=" carbon dioxide"> carbon dioxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immobilised%20biomass" title=" immobilised biomass"> immobilised biomass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microalgae" title=" microalgae"> microalgae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=upgrading" title=" upgrading"> upgrading</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97991/technology-for-biogas-upgrading-with-immobilized-algae-biomass" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97991.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">157</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">698</span> Nanostructured Multi-Responsive Coatings for Tuning Surface Properties</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suzanne%20Giasson">Suzanne Giasson</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alberto%20Guerron"> Alberto Guerron</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Stimuli-responsive polymer coatings can be used as functional elements in nanotechnologies, such as valves in microfluidic devices, as membranes in biomedical engineering, as substrates for the culture of biological tissues or in developing nanomaterials for targeted therapies in different diseases. However, such coatings usually suffer from major shortcomings, such as a lack of selectivity and poor environmental stability. The study will present multi-responsive hierarchical and hybrid polymer-based coatings aiming to overcome some of these limitations. Hierarchical polymer coatings, consisting of two-dimensional arrays of thermo-responsive cationic PNIPAM-based microgels and surface-functionalized with non-responsive or pH-responsive polymers, were covalently grafted to substrates to tune the surface chemistry and the elasticity of the surface independently using different stimuli. The characteristic dimensions (i.e., layer thickness) and surface properties (i.e., adhesion, friction) of the microgel coatings were assessed using the Surface Forces Apparatus. The ability to independently control the swelling and surface properties using temperature and pH as triggers were investigated for microgels in aqueous suspension and microgels immobilized on substrates. Polymer chain grafting did not impede the ability of cationic PNIPAM microgels to undergo a volume phase transition above the VPTT, either in suspension or immobilized on a substrate. Due to the presence of amino groups throughout the entirety of the microgel polymer network, the swelling behavior was also pH dependent. However, the thermo-responsive swelling was more significant than the pH-triggered one. The microgels functionalized with PEG exhibited the most promising behavior. Indeed, the thermo-triggered swelling of microgel-co-PEG did not give rise to changes in the microgel surface properties (i.e., surface potential and adhesion) within a wide range of pH values. It was possible for the immobilized microgel-co-PEG to undergo a volume transition (swelling/shrinking) with no change in adhesion, suggesting that the surface of the thermal-responsive microgels remains rather hydrophilic above the VPTT. This work confirms the possibility of tuning the swelling behavior of microgels without changing the adhesive properties. Responsive surfaces whose swelling properties can be reversibly and externally altered over space and time regardless of the surface chemistry are very innovative and will enable revolutionary advances in technologies, particularly in biomedical surface engineering and microfluidics, where advanced assembly of functional components is increasingly required. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=responsive%20materials" title="responsive materials">responsive materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polymers" title=" polymers"> polymers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surfaces" title=" surfaces"> surfaces</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cell%20culture" title=" cell culture"> cell culture</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165885/nanostructured-multi-responsive-coatings-for-tuning-surface-properties" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165885.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">76</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">697</span> Selective Immobilization of Fructosyltransferase onto Glutaraldehyde Modified Support and Its Application in the Production of Fructo-Oligosaccharides</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Milica%20B.%20Veljkovi%C4%87">Milica B. Veljković</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Milica%20B.%20Simovi%C4%87"> Milica B. Simović</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marija%20M.%20%C4%86orovi%C4%87"> Marija M. Ćorović</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ana%20D.%20Milivojevi%C4%87"> Ana D. Milivojević</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anja%20I.%20Petrov"> Anja I. Petrov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Katarina%20M.%20Banjanac"> Katarina M. Banjanac</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dejan%20I.%20Bezbradica"> Dejan I. Bezbradica</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In recent decades, the scientific community has recognized the growing importance of prebiotics, and therefore, numerous studies are focused on their economic production due to their low presence in natural resources. It has been confirmed that prebiotics is a source of energy for probiotics in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and enable their proliferation, consequently leading to the normal functioning of the intestinal microbiota. Also, products of their fermentation are short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), which play a key role in maintaining and improving the health not only of the GIT but also of the whole organism. Among several confirmed prebiotics, fructooligosaccharides (FOS) are considered interesting candidates for use in a wide range of products in the food industry. They are characterized as low-calorie and non-cariogenic substances that represent an adequate sugar substitute and can be considered suitable for use in products intended for diabetics. The subject of this research will be the production of FOS by transforming sucrose using a fructosyltransferase (FTase) present in commercial preparation Pectinex® Ultra SP-L, with special emphasis on the development of adequate FTase immobilization method that would enable selective isolation of the enzyme responsible for the synthesis of FOS from the complex enzymatic mixture. This would lead to considerable enzyme purification and allow its direct incorporation into different sucrose-based products without the fear that the action of the other hydrolytic enzymes may adversely affect the products' functional characteristics. Accordingly, the possibility of selective immobilization of the enzyme using support with primary amino groups, Purolite® A109, which was previously activated and modified using glutaraldehyde (GA), was investigated. In the initial phase of the research, the effects of individual immobilization parameters such as pH, enzyme concentration, and immobilization time were investigated to optimize the process using support chemically activated with 15% and 0.5% GA to form dimers and monomers, respectively. It was determined that highly active immobilized preparations (371.8 IU/g of support - dimer and 213.8 IU/g of support – monomer) were achieved under acidic conditions (pH 4) provided that an enzyme concentration was 50 mg/g of support after 7 h and 3 h, respectively. Bearing in mind the obtained results of the expressed activity, it is noticeable that the formation of dimers showed higher reactivity compared to the form of monomers. Also, in the case of support modification using 15% GA, the value of the ratio of FTase and pectinase (as dominant enzyme mixture component) activity immobilization yields was 16.45, indicating the high feasibility of selective immobilization of FTase on modified polystyrene resin. After obtaining immobilized preparations of satisfactory features, they were tested in a reaction of FOS synthesis under determined optimal conditions. The maximum FOS yields of approximately 50% of total carbohydrates in the reaction mixture were recorded after 21 h. Finally, it can be concluded that the examined immobilization method yielded highly active, stable and, more importantly, refined enzyme preparation that can be further utilized on a larger scale for the development of continual processes for FOS synthesis, as well as for modification of different sucrose-based mediums. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemical%20modification" title="chemical modification">chemical modification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fructooligosaccharides" title=" fructooligosaccharides"> fructooligosaccharides</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glutaraldehyde" title=" glutaraldehyde"> glutaraldehyde</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immobilization%20of%20fructosyltransferase" title=" immobilization of fructosyltransferase"> immobilization of fructosyltransferase</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145471/selective-immobilization-of-fructosyltransferase-onto-glutaraldehyde-modified-support-and-its-application-in-the-production-of-fructo-oligosaccharides" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145471.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">186</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">696</span> Enzyme Redesign: From Metal-Dependent to Metal-Independent, a Symphony Orchestra without Concertmasters</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Li%20Na%20Zhao">Li Na Zhao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arieh%20Warshel"> Arieh Warshel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The design of enzymes is an extremely challenging task, and this is also true for metalloenzymes. In the case of naturally evolved enzymes, one may consider the active site residues as the musicians in the enzyme orchestra, while the metal can be considered as their concertmaster. Together they catalyze reactions as if they performed a masterpiece written by nature. The Lactonase can be thought as a member of the amidohydrolase family, with two concertmasters, Fe and Zn, at its active site. It catalyzes the quorum sensing signal- N-acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs or N-AHLs)- by hydrolyzing the lactone ring. This process, known as quorum quenching, provides a strategy in the treatment of infectious diseases without introducing selection pressure. However, the activity of lactonase is metal-dependent, and this dependence hampers the clinic usage. In our study, we use the empirical valence bond (EVB) approach to evaluate the catalytic contributions decomposing them to electrostatic and other components. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enzyme%20redesign" title="enzyme redesign">enzyme redesign</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=empirical%20valence%20%20bond" title=" empirical valence bond"> empirical valence bond</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lactonase" title=" lactonase"> lactonase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quorum%20quenching" title=" quorum quenching"> quorum quenching</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84437/enzyme-redesign-from-metal-dependent-to-metal-independent-a-symphony-orchestra-without-concertmasters" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84437.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">254</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">695</span> Removal of Lead (Pb) by the Microorganism Isolated from the Effluent of Lead Acid Battery Scrap</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Harikrishna%20Yadav%20Nanganuru">Harikrishna Yadav Nanganuru</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Narasimhulu%20Korrapati"> Narasimhulu Korrapati</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The demand for the lead (Pb) in the battery industry has been growing for last twenty years. On an average about 2.35 million tons of lead is used in the battery industry. According to the survey of supply and demand battery industry is using 75% of lead produced every year. Due to the increase in battery scrap, secondary lead production has been increasing in this decade. Europe and USA together account for 75% of the world’s secondary lead production. The effluent from used battery scrap consists of high concentrations of lead. Unauthorized disposal of spent batteries, which contain intolerable concentration of lead, into landfills or municipal water canals causes release of Pb into the environment. Lead is one of the toxic heavy metals that have large damaging effects on the human health. Due to its persistence and toxicity, the presence of Pb in drinking water is considered as a special concern. Accumulation of Pb in the human body for long period of time can result in the malfunctioning of some organs. Many technologies have been developed for the removal of lead using microorganisms. In this paper, effluent was taken from the spent battery scrap and was characterized by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer. Microorganisms play an important role in removal of lead from the contaminated sites. So, the bacteria were isolated from the effluent. Optimum conditions for the microbial growth and applied for the lead removal. These bacterial cells were immobilized and used for the removal of Pb from the known concentration of metal solution. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) studies were shown that the Pb was efficiently adsorbed by the immobilized bacteria. From the results of Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS), 83.40 percentage of Pb was removed in a batch culture. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adsorption" title="adsorption">adsorption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=effluent" title=" effluent"> effluent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immobilization" title=" immobilization"> immobilization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lead%20%28Pb%29" title=" lead (Pb) "> lead (Pb) </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21602/removal-of-lead-pb-by-the-microorganism-isolated-from-the-effluent-of-lead-acid-battery-scrap" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21602.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">456</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">694</span> Optimization of Lead Bioremediation by Marine Halomonas sp. ES015 Using Statistical Experimental Methods </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aliaa%20M.%20El-Borai">Aliaa M. El-Borai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ehab%20A.%20Beltagy"> Ehab A. Beltagy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eman%20E.%20Gadallah"> Eman E. Gadallah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samy%20A.%20ElAssar"> Samy A. ElAssar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Bioremediation technology is now used for treatment instead of traditional metal removal methods. A strain was isolated from Marsa Alam, Red sea, Egypt showed high resistance to high lead concentration and was identified by the 16S rRNA gene sequencing technique as <em>Halomonas</em> sp. ES015. Medium optimization was carried out using Plackett-Burman design, and the most significant factors were yeast extract, casamino acid and inoculums size. The optimized media obtained by the statistical design raised the removal efficiency from 84% to 99% from initial concentration 250 ppm of lead. Moreover, Box-Behnken experimental design was applied to study the relationship between yeast extract concentration, casamino acid concentration and inoculums size. The optimized medium increased removal efficiency to 97% from initial concentration 500 ppm of lead. Immobilized <em>Halomonas</em> sp. ES015 cells on sponge cubes, using optimized medium in loop bioremediation column, showed relatively constant lead removal efficiency when reused six successive cycles over the range of time interval. Also metal removal efficiency was not affected by flow rate changes. Finally, the results of this research refer to the possibility of lead bioremediation by free or immobilized cells of <em>Halomonas</em> sp. ES015. Also, bioremediation can be done in batch cultures and semicontinuous cultures using column technology. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioremediation" title="bioremediation">bioremediation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lead" title=" lead"> lead</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Box%E2%80%93Behnken" title=" Box–Behnken"> Box–Behnken</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Halomonas%20sp.%20ES015" title=" Halomonas sp. ES015"> Halomonas sp. ES015</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=loop%20bioremediation" title=" loop bioremediation"> loop bioremediation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Plackett-Burman" title=" Plackett-Burman"> Plackett-Burman</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73249/optimization-of-lead-bioremediation-by-marine-halomonas-sp-es015-using-statistical-experimental-methods" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73249.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">196</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">693</span> Information Visualization Methods Applied to Nanostructured Biosensors</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Osvaldo%20N.%20Oliveira%20Jr.">Osvaldo N. Oliveira Jr.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The control of molecular architecture inherent in some experimental methods to produce nanostructured films has had great impact on devices of various types, including sensors and biosensors. The self-assembly monolayers (SAMs) and the electrostatic layer-by-layer (LbL) techniques, for example, are now routinely used to produce tailored architectures for biosensing where biomolecules are immobilized with long-lasting preserved activity. Enzymes, antigens, antibodies, peptides and many other molecules serve as the molecular recognition elements for detecting an equally wide variety of analytes. The principles of detection are also varied, including electrochemical methods, fluorescence spectroscopy and impedance spectroscopy. In this presentation an overview will be provided of biosensors made with nanostructured films to detect antibodies associated with tropical diseases and HIV, in addition to detection of analytes of medical interest such as cholesterol and triglycerides. Because large amounts of data are generated in the biosensing experiments, use has been made of computational and statistical methods to optimize performance. Multidimensional projection techniques such as Sammon´s mapping have been shown more efficient than traditional multivariate statistical analysis in identifying small concentrations of anti-HIV antibodies and for distinguishing between blood serum samples of animals infected with two tropical diseases, namely Chagas´ disease and Leishmaniasis. Optimization of biosensing may include a combination of another information visualization method, the Parallel Coordinate technique, with artificial intelligence methods in order to identify the most suitable frequencies for reaching higher sensitivity using impedance spectroscopy. Also discussed will be the possible convergence of technologies, through which machine learning and other computational methods may be used to treat data from biosensors within an expert system for clinical diagnosis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clinical%20diagnosis" title="clinical diagnosis">clinical diagnosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information%20visualization" title=" information visualization"> information visualization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanostructured%20films" title=" nanostructured films"> nanostructured films</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=layer-by-layer%20technique" title=" layer-by-layer technique "> layer-by-layer technique </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19287/information-visualization-methods-applied-to-nanostructured-biosensors" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19287.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">337</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">692</span> Immobilized Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Stem Cell Reconstruction in Magnetic Particle Imaging</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kolja%20Them">Kolja Them</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Johannes%20Salamon"> Johannes Salamon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Harald%20Ittrich"> Harald Ittrich</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michael%20Kaul"> Michael Kaul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tobias%20Knopp"> Tobias Knopp</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) are nanoscale magnets which can be biologically functionalized for biomedical applications. Stem cell therapies to repair damaged tissue, magnetic fluid hyperthermia for cancer therapy and targeted drug delivery based on SPIONs are prominent examples where the visualization of a preferably low concentrated SPION distribution is essential. In 2005 a new method for tomographic SPION imaging has been introduced. The method named magnetic particle imaging (MPI) takes advantage of the nanoparticles magnetization change caused by an oscillating, external magnetic field and allows to directly image the time-dependent nanoparticle distribution. The SPION magnetization can be changed by the electron spin dynamics as well as by a mechanical rotation of the nanoparticle. In this work different calibration methods in MPI are investigated for image reconstruction of magnetically labeled stem cells. It is shown that a calibration using rotationally immobilized SPIONs provides a higher quality of stem cell images with fewer artifacts than a calibration using mobile SPIONs. The enhancement of the image quality and the reduction of artifacts enables the localization and identification of a smaller number of magnetically labeled stem cells. This is important for future medical applications where low concentrations of functionalized SPIONs interacting with biological matter have to be localized. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomedical%20imaging" title="biomedical imaging">biomedical imaging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=iron%20oxide%20nanoparticles" title=" iron oxide nanoparticles"> iron oxide nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetic%20particle%20imaging" title=" magnetic particle imaging"> magnetic particle imaging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stem%20cell%20imaging" title=" stem cell imaging"> stem cell imaging</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35704/immobilized-iron-oxide-nanoparticles-for-stem-cell-reconstruction-in-magnetic-particle-imaging" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35704.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">464</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">691</span> Fungal Diversity and Bioprospecting of Termite-Associated Fungi from Nothern-Western Ghats of India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gajanan%20V.%20Mane">Gajanan V. Mane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rashmi%20More"> Rashmi More</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahesh%20S.%20Sonawane"> Mahesh S. Sonawane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tushar%20Lodha"> Tushar Lodha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rohit%20Sharma"> Rohit Sharma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The diversity of fungi isolated from two different termite species viz., Odontoterms assmuthi and O. abesus was investigated by dilution- plate method, combined with morphological characteristics and sequencing of internal transcribed spacer region. In total, ninety-six fungi were isolated and purified, out of which 69 isolates were obtained from O. assmuthi belonging to 18 genera and 31 species, whereas 27 isolates were obtained from O. abesus belonging to 15 genera and 17 species. The fungal strains were screened for laccase, amylase, cellulase and pectinase enzymes production. Twenty-seven strains were positive for laccase, 59 strains were positive for amylase, 71 strains were positive for cellulase and 72 strains were positive for pectinase enzymes. The antimicrobial activities of the isolated fungi were tested by the dual plate culture method against standard pathogens. Bioactive secondary metabolites were identified by HPLC and LCMS. Four isolates viz., Penicillium goetzii MG 57, Epicoccum sp. MG 39, Penicillium tanzanicum MG 30, Aspergillus polyporicola MG 54, showed positive antimicrobial activity against standard pathogens, Streptococcus pneumonia MCC 2425, Staphylococcus aureus MCC 2408, Pseudomonas aeruginosa MCC 2080, Escherichia coli MCC 2412, Enterococcus faecalis MCC 2409, Klebsiella pneumonia MCC 2451, Micrococcus luteus MCC 2155 and Candida albicans MCC 1151. In conclusion, the study showed that the insect gut harbor fungal diversity, which is futuristic with biotechnological potential and could be a good source of enzymes and antibiotics. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=termites" title="termites">termites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fungi" title=" fungi"> fungi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=its" title=" its"> its</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enzyme" title=" enzyme"> enzyme</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antimicrobial%20activity" title=" antimicrobial activity"> antimicrobial activity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149528/fungal-diversity-and-bioprospecting-of-termite-associated-fungi-from-nothern-western-ghats-of-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149528.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">104</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">690</span> Therapeutic Role of Polygonum bistorta and Zingiber roseum by in vivo and in vitro Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Deepak%20Kumar%20Mittal">Deepak Kumar Mittal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alok%20Kumar%20Jena"> Alok Kumar Jena</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Deepmala%20Joshi"> Deepmala Joshi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present study was carried out to observe the hepatoprotective effect and antioxidant activity of the aqueous extract of the roots of Polygonum bistorta (PB) (200 mg/kg) and Zingiber roseum (ZR) (250 mg/kg) in rats treated with carbon tetrachloride (0.15 ml/kg, i.p.). Extract of PB and ZR at the tested doses restored the levels of liver homogenate enzymes, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase, superoxide dismutase and catalase enzymes, significantly. The activities of MTT assay significantly recovered the damage and supported the biochemical observations. This study suggests that Zingiber roseum has a higher protective effect on liver, compared to Polygonum bistorta, against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity and possesses antioxidant activities. Also, extracts exhibited moderate anticancer activity towards cell viability at higher concentration. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Polygonum%20bistorta" title="Polygonum bistorta">Polygonum bistorta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zingiber%20roseum" title=" Zingiber roseum"> Zingiber roseum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hepatoprotective%20effect" title=" hepatoprotective effect"> hepatoprotective effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20tetrachloride" title=" carbon tetrachloride"> carbon tetrachloride</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anti-cancerous" title=" anti-cancerous"> anti-cancerous</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1374/therapeutic-role-of-polygonum-bistorta-and-zingiber-roseum-by-in-vivo-and-in-vitro-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1374.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">430</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">689</span> Relation between Low Thermal Stress and Antioxidant Enzymes Activity in a Sweetening Plant: Stevia Rebaudiana Bert</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Bettaieb">T. Bettaieb</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Soufi"> S. Soufi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Arbaoui"> S. Arbaoui</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Stevia rebaudiana Bert. is a natural sweet plant. The leaves contain diterpene glycosides stevioside, rebaudiosides A-F, steviolbioside and dulcoside, which are responsible for its sweet taste and have commercial value all over the world as sugar substitute in foods and medicines. Stevia rebaudiana Bert. is sensitive temperature lower than 9°C. The possibility of its outdoor culture in Tunisian conditions demand genotypes tolerant to low temperatures. In order to evaluate the low temperature tolerance of eight genotypes of Stevia rebaudiana, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and catalases (CAT) were measured. Before carrying out the analyses, three genotypes of Stevia were exposed for 1 month at a temperature regime of 18°C during the day and 7°C at night similar to winter conditions in Tunisia. In response to the stress generated by low temperature, antioxidant enzymes activity revealed on native gel and quantified by spectrophotometry showed variable levels according to their degree of tolerance to low temperatures. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chilling%20tolerance" title="chilling tolerance">chilling tolerance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enzymatic%20activity" title=" enzymatic activity"> enzymatic activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stevia%20rebaudiana%20bert" title=" stevia rebaudiana bert"> stevia rebaudiana bert</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20thermal%20stress" title=" low thermal stress"> low thermal stress</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16932/relation-between-low-thermal-stress-and-antioxidant-enzymes-activity-in-a-sweetening-plant-stevia-rebaudiana-bert" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16932.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">442</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">688</span> Speciation, Preconcentration, and Determination of Iron(II) and (III) Using 1,10-Phenanthroline Immobilized on Alumina-Coated Magnetite Nanoparticles as a Solid Phase Extraction Sorbent in Pharmaceutical Products</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hossein%20Tavallali">Hossein Tavallali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Ali%20Karimi"> Mohammad Ali Karimi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gohar%20Deilamy-Rad"> Gohar Deilamy-Rad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The proposed method for speciation, preconcentration and determination of Fe(II) and Fe(III) in pharmaceutical products was developed using of alumina-coated magnetite nanoparticles (Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> NPs) as solid phase extraction (SPE) sorbent in magnetic mixed hemimicell solid phase extraction (MMHSPE) technique followed by flame atomic absorption spectrometry analysis. The procedure is based on complexation of Fe(II) with 1, 10-phenanthroline (OP) as complexing reagent for Fe(II) that immobilized on the modified Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> NPs. The extraction and concentration process for pharmaceutical sample was carried out in a single step by mixing the extraction solvent, magnetic adsorbents under ultrasonic action. Then, the adsorbents were isolated from the complicated matrix easily with an external magnetic field. Fe(III) ions determined after facility reduced to Fe(II) by added a proper reduction agent to sample solutions. Compared with traditional methods, the MMHSPE method simplified the operation procedure and reduced the analysis time. Various influencing parameters on the speciation and preconcentration of trace iron, such as pH, sample volume, amount of sorbent, type and concentration of eluent, were studied. Under the optimized operating conditions, the preconcentration factor of the modified nano magnetite for Fe(II) 167 sample was obtained. The detection limits and linear range of this method for iron were 1.0 and 9.0 - 175 ng.mL<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. Also the relative standard deviation for five replicate determinations of 30.00 ng.mL<sup>-1</sup> Fe<sup>2+</sup> was 2.3%. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alumina-Coated%20magnetite%20nanoparticles" title="Alumina-Coated magnetite nanoparticles">Alumina-Coated magnetite nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Magnetic%20Mixed%20Hemimicell%20Solid-Phase%20Extraction" title=" Magnetic Mixed Hemimicell Solid-Phase Extraction"> Magnetic Mixed Hemimicell Solid-Phase Extraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fe%28%CE%99%CE%99%29%20and%20Fe%28%CE%99%CE%99%CE%99%29" title=" Fe(ΙΙ) and Fe(ΙΙΙ)"> Fe(ΙΙ) and Fe(ΙΙΙ)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pharmaceutical%20sample" title=" pharmaceutical sample"> pharmaceutical sample</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46397/speciation-preconcentration-and-determination-of-ironii-and-iii-using-110-phenanthroline-immobilized-on-alumina-coated-magnetite-nanoparticles-as-a-solid-phase-extraction-sorbent-in-pharmaceutical-products" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46397.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">292</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">687</span> Protective Effect of Nigella sativa Oil and Its Neutral Lipid Fraction on Ethanol-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rat Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asma%20Mosbah">Asma Mosbah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hanane%20Khither"> Hanane Khither</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kamelia%20Mosbah"> Kamelia Mosbah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noreddine%20Kacem%20Chaouche"> Noreddine Kacem Chaouche</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mustapha%20Benboubetra"> Mustapha Benboubetra</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the present investigation, total oil (TO) and its neutral lipid fraction (NLF) extracted from the seed of the well know studied medicinal plant Nigella sativa were tested for their therapeutically effect on alcohol-induced liver injury in rat model. Male Albino rats were divided into five groups of eight animals each and fed a Lieber–DeCarli liquid diet containing 5% ethanol for experimental groups and dextran for control group, for a period of six weeks. Afterwards, rats received, orally, treatments with Nigella sativa extracts (TO, NLF) and N- acetylcysteine (NAC) as a positive control for four weeks. Activities of antioxidant enzymes; superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), as well as malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH). Biochemical parameters for kidney and liver functions, in treated and non treated rats, were evaluated throughout the time course of an experiment. Liver histological changes were taken into account. Enzymatic activities of both SOD and CAT increased significantly in rats treated with NLF and TO. While MDA level decreased in TO and NLF treated rats, GSH level increased significantly in TO and NLF treated rats. We noted equally a decrease in liver enzymes AST, ALT, and ALP. Microscopic observation of slides from the liver of ethanol treated rats showed a severe hepatotoxicity with lesions. Treatment with fractions leads to an improvement in liver lesions and a marked reduction in necrosis and infiltration. As a conclusion, both extracts of Nigella sativa seeds, TO and NLF, possess an important therapeutic protective potential against ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alcohol-induced%20hepatotoxicity" title="alcohol-induced hepatotoxicity">alcohol-induced hepatotoxicity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antioxidant%20enzymes" title=" antioxidant enzymes"> antioxidant enzymes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nigella%20sativa%20seeds" title=" Nigella sativa seeds"> Nigella sativa seeds</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oil%20fractions" title=" oil fractions"> oil fractions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86395/protective-effect-of-nigella-sativa-oil-and-its-neutral-lipid-fraction-on-ethanol-induced-hepatotoxicity-in-rat-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86395.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">167</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">686</span> Mode of Action of Surface Bound Antimicrobial Peptides Melimine and Mel4 against Pseudomonas aeruginosa</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Yasir">Muhammad Yasir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Debarun%20Dutta"> Debarun Dutta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mark%20Willcox"> Mark Willcox</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Biomaterial-associated infections are a multi-billion dollar burden globally. Antimicrobial peptide-based coatings may be able to prevent such infections. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of action surface bound peptides (AMPs) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa 6294. Melimine and Mel4 were covalently attached to glass coverslips using azido-benzoic acid. Attachment was confirmed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. P. aeruginosa was allowed to attach to AMP-coated glass for up to 6 hours. The effect of the surface-bound AMPs on bacterial cell membranes was evaluated using the dyes DiSC3-(5), Sytox green, SYTO 9 and propidium iodide with fluorescence microscopy. Release of cytoplasmic materials ATP and DNA/RNA were determined in the surrounding fluid. The amount of cell death was estimated by agar plate counts. The AMPs were successfully covalently bound to the glass as demonstrated by increases in %nitrogen of 3.6% (melimine) and 2.3% (Mel4) compared to controls. Immobilized peptides disrupted the cytoplasmic membrane potential of P. aeruginosa within 10 min. This was followed by the release of ATP after 2 h. Membrane permeabilization started at 3 h of contact with glass coated AMPs. There was a significant number of bacteria (59% for melimine; 36% for Mel-4) with damaged membranes after 4 h of contact. At the 6 h time point, release of DNA occurred with melimine releasing 2 times the amount of DNA/RNA than Mel4 surfaces (p < 0.05). Surface bound AMPs were able to disrupt cell membranes with subsequent release of cytoplasmic materials, and ultimately resulting in bacterial death. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomaterials" title="biomaterials">biomaterials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immobilized%20antimicrobial%20peptides" title=" immobilized antimicrobial peptides"> immobilized antimicrobial peptides</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20aeruginosa" title=" P. aeruginosa"> P. aeruginosa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mode%20of%20action" title=" mode of action"> mode of action</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98822/mode-of-action-of-surface-bound-antimicrobial-peptides-melimine-and-mel4-against-pseudomonas-aeruginosa" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98822.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">136</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">685</span> Magnetic Cellulase/Halloysite Nanotubes as Biocatalytic System for Converting Agro-Waste into Value-Added Product</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Devendra%20Sillu">Devendra Sillu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shekhar%20Agnihotri"> Shekhar Agnihotri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The 'nano-biocatalyst' utilizes an ordered assembling of enzyme on to nanomaterial carriers to catalyze desirable biochemical kinetics and substrate selectivity. The current study describes an inter-disciplinary approach for converting agriculture waste, sugarcane bagasse into D-glucose exploiting halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) decorated cellulase enzyme as nano-biocatalytic system. Cellulase was successfully immobilized on HNTs employing polydopamine as an eco-friendly crosslinker while iron oxide nanoparticles were attached to facilitate magnetic recovery of material. The characterization studies (UV-Vis, TEM, SEM, and XRD) displayed the characteristic features of both cellulase and magnetic HNTs in the resulting nanocomposite. Various factors (i.e., working pH, temp., crosslinker conc., enzyme conc.) which may influence the activity of biocatalytic system were investigated. The experimental design was performed using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) for process optimization. Analyses data demonstrated that the nanobiocatalysts retained 80.30% activity even at elevated temperature (55°C) and excellent storage stabilities after 10 days. The repeated usage of system revealed a remarkable consistent relative activity over several cycles. The immobilized cellulase was employed to decompose agro-waste and the maximum decomposition rate of 67.2 % was achieved. Conclusively, magnetic HNTs can serve as a potential support for enzyme immobilization with long term usage, good efficacy, reusability and easy recovery from solution. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=halloysite%20nanotubes" title="halloysite nanotubes">halloysite nanotubes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enzyme%20immobilization" title=" enzyme immobilization"> enzyme immobilization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cellulase" title=" cellulase"> cellulase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=response%20surface%20methodology" title=" response surface methodology"> response surface methodology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetic%20recovery" title=" magnetic recovery"> magnetic recovery</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98924/magnetic-cellulasehalloysite-nanotubes-as-biocatalytic-system-for-converting-agro-waste-into-value-added-product" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98924.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">133</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">684</span> The Selective Reduction of a Morita-baylis-hillman Adduct-derived Ketones Using Various Ketoreductase Enzyme Preparations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nompumelelo%20P.%20Mathebula">Nompumelelo P. Mathebula</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roger%20A.%20Sheldon"> Roger A. Sheldon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daniel%20P.%20Pienaar"> Daniel P. Pienaar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Moira%20L.%20Bode"> Moira L. Bode</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The preparation of enantiopure Morita-Baylis-Hillman (MBH) adducts remains a challenge in organic chemistry. MBH adducts are highly functionalised compounds which act as key intermediates in the preparation of compounds of medicinal importance. MBH adducts are prepared in racemic form by reacting various aldehydes and activated alkenes in the presence of DABCO. Enantiopure MBH adducts can be obtained by employing Enzymatic kinetic resolution (EKR). This technique has been successfully demonstrated in our group, amongst others, using lipases in either hydrolysis or transesterification reactions. As these methods only allow 50% of each enantiomer to be obtained, our interest grew in exploring other enzymatic methods for the synthesis of enantiopure MBH adducts where, theoretically, 100% of the desired enantiomer could be obtained.Dehydrogenase enzymes can be employed on prochiral substrates to obtain optically pure compounds by reducing carbon-carbon double bonds or carbonyl groups of ketones. Ketoreductases have been used historically to obtain enantiopure secondary alcohols on an industrial scale. Ketoreductases are NAD(P)H-dependent enzymes and thus require nicotinamide as a cofactor. This project focuses on employing ketoreductase enzymes to selectively reduce ketones derived from Morita-Baylis-Hillman (MBH) adducts in order to obtain these adducts in enantiopure form.Results obtained from this study will be reported. Good enantioselectivity was observed using a range of different ketoreductases, however, reactions were complicated by the formation of an unexpected by-product, which was characterised employing single crystal x-ray crystallography techniques. Methods to minimise by-product formation are currently being investigated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ketoreductase" title="ketoreductase">ketoreductase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=morita-baylis-hillman" title=" morita-baylis-hillman"> morita-baylis-hillman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=selective%20reduction" title=" selective reduction"> selective reduction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=x-ray%20crystallography" title=" x-ray crystallography"> x-ray crystallography</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179204/the-selective-reduction-of-a-morita-baylis-hillman-adduct-derived-ketones-using-various-ketoreductase-enzyme-preparations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179204.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">66</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">683</span> Effects of Ascophyllum nodosum in Tomato in the Tropical Caribbean Climate: Effects and Molecular Insights into Mechanisms</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Omar%20Ali">Omar Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adesh%20Ramsubhag"> Adesh Ramsubhag</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jayaraj%20Jayaraman"> Jayaraj Jayaraman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Seaweed extracts have been reported as plant biostimulants which could be a safer, organic alternative to harsh pesticides. The incentive to use seaweed-based biostimulants is becoming paramount in sustainable agriculture. The current study, therefore, screened a commercial extract of A. nodosum in tomatoes, cultivated in Trinidad to showcase the multiple beneficial effects. Foliar treatment with an A. nodosum commercial extract led to significant increases in fruit yield and a significant reduction of incidence of bacterial spots and early blight diseases under both greenhouse and field conditions. Investigations were carried out to reveal the possible mechanisms of action of this biostimulant through defense enzyme assays and transcriptome profiling via RNA sequencing of tomato. Studies into disease control mechanisms by A. nodosum showed that the extract stimulated the activity of enzymes such as peroxidase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, chitinase, polyphenol oxidase, and β-1,3-glucanase. Additionally, the transcriptome survey revealed the upregulation and enrichment of genes responsible for the biosynthesis of growth hormones, defense enzymes, PR proteins and defense-related secondary metabolites, as well as genes involved in the nutrient mobilization, photosynthesis and primary and secondary metabolic pathways. The results of the transcriptome study also demonstrated the cross-talks between growth and defense responses, confirming the bioelicitor and biostimulant value of seaweed extracts in plants. These effects could potentially implicate the benefits of seaweed extract and validate its usage in sustainable crop production. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20nodosum" title="A. nodosum">A. nodosum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biostimulants" title=" biostimulants"> biostimulants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elicitor" title=" elicitor"> elicitor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enzymes" title=" enzymes"> enzymes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=growth%20responses" title=" growth responses"> growth responses</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seaweeds" title=" seaweeds"> seaweeds</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tomato" title=" tomato"> tomato</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transcriptome%20analysis" title=" transcriptome analysis"> transcriptome analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141553/effects-of-ascophyllum-nodosum-in-tomato-in-the-tropical-caribbean-climate-effects-and-molecular-insights-into-mechanisms" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141553.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">162</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">682</span> Effect of Auraptene on the Enzymatic Glutathione Redox-System in Nrf2 Knockout Mice</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ludmila%20A.%20Gavriliuc">Ludmila A. Gavriliuc</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jerry%20McLarty"> Jerry McLarty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Heather%20E.%20Kleiner"> Heather E. Kleiner</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Michael%20Mathis"> J. Michael Mathis</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Abstract -- Background: The citrus coumarine Auraptene (Aur) is an effective chemopreventive agent, as manifested in many models of diseases and cancer. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) is an important regulator of genes induced by oxidative stress, such as glutathione S-transferases, heme oxygenase-1, and peroxiredoxin 1, by activating the antioxidant response element (ARE). Genetic and biochemical evidence has demonstrated that glutathione (GSH) and glutathione-dependent enzymes, glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidases (GPs), glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are responsible for the control of intracellular reduction-oxidation status and participate in cellular adaptation to oxidative stress. The effect of Aur on the activity of GR, GPs (Se-GP and Se-iGP), and content of GSH in the liver, kidney, and spleen is insufficiently explored. Aim: Our goal was the examination of the Aur influence on the redox-system of GSH in Nrf2 wild type and Nrf2 knockout mice via activation of Nrf2 and ARE. Methods: Twenty female mice, 10 Nrf2 wild-type (WT) and 10 Nrf2 (-/-) knockout (KO), were bred and genotyped for our study. The activity of GR, Se-GP, Se-iGP, GST, G6PD, CytP450 reductase, catalase (Cat), and content of GSH were analyzed in the liver, kidney, and spleen using Spectrophotometry methods. The results of the specific activity of enzymes and the amount of GSH were analyzed with ANOVA and Spearman statistical methods. Results: Aur (200 mg/kg) treatment induced hepatic GST, GR, Se-GP activity and inhibited their activity in the spleen of mice, most likely via activation of the ARE through Nrf2. Activation in kidney Se-GP and G6PD by Aur is also controlled, apparently through Nrf2. Results of the non-parametric Spearman correlation analysis indicated the strong positive correlation between GR and G6PD only in the liver in WT control mice (r=+0.972; p < 0.005) and in the kidney KO control mice (r=+0.958; p < 0.005). The observed low content of GSH in the liver of KO mice indicated an increase in its participation in the neutralization of toxic substances with the absence of induction of GSH-dependent enzymes, such as GST, GR, Se-GP, and Se-iGP. Activation of CytP450 in kidney and spleen and Cat in the liver in KO mice probably revealed another regulatory mechanism for these enzymes. Conclusion: Thereby, obtained results testify that Aur can modulate the activity of genes and antioxidant enzymatic redox-system of GSH, responsible for the control of intracellular reduction-oxidation status. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=auraptene" title="auraptene">auraptene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glutathione" title=" glutathione"> glutathione</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GST" title=" GST"> GST</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nrf2" title=" Nrf2"> Nrf2</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/133552/effect-of-auraptene-on-the-enzymatic-glutathione-redox-system-in-nrf2-knockout-mice" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/133552.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">149</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">681</span> Thermolysin Entrapment in a Gold Nanoparticles/Polymer Composite: Construction of an Efficient Biosensor for Ochratoxin a Detection</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatma%20Dridi">Fatma Dridi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mouna%20Marrakchi"> Mouna Marrakchi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Gargouri"> Mohammed Gargouri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alvaro%20Garcia%20Cruz"> Alvaro Garcia Cruz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sergei%20V.%20Dzyadevych"> Sergei V. Dzyadevych</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Francis%20Vocanson"> Francis Vocanson</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jo%C3%ABlle%20Saulnier"> Joëlle Saulnier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nicole%20Jaffrezic-Renault"> Nicole Jaffrezic-Renault</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Florence%20Lagarde"> Florence Lagarde</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An original method has been successfully developed for the immobilization of thermolysin onto gold interdigitated electrodes for the detection of ochratoxin A (OTA) in olive oil samples. A mix of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyethylenimine (PEI) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) was used. Cross-linking sensors chip was made by using a saturated glutaraldehyde (GA) vapor atmosphere in order to render the two polymers water stable. Performance of AuNPs/ (PVA/PEI) modified electrode was compared to a traditional immobilized enzymatic method using bovine serum albumin (BSA). Atomic force microscopy (AFM) experiments were employed to provide a useful insight into the structure and morphology of the immobilized thermolysin composite membranes. The enzyme immobilization method influence the topography and the texture of the deposited layer. Biosensors optimization and analytical characteristics properties were studied. Under optimal conditions AuNPs/ (PVA/PEI) modified electrode showed a higher increment in sensitivity. A 700 enhancement factor could be achieved with a detection limit of 1 nM. The newly designed OTA biosensors showed a long-term stability and good reproducibility. The relevance of the method was evaluated using commercial doped olive oil samples. No pretreatment of the sample was needed for testing and no matrix effect was observed. Recovery values were close to 100% demonstrating the suitability of the proposed method for OTA screening in olive oil. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermolysin" title="thermolysin">thermolysin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20ochratoxin" title=" A. ochratoxin "> A. ochratoxin </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyvinyl%20alcohol" title=" polyvinyl alcohol"> polyvinyl alcohol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyethylenimine" title=" polyethylenimine"> polyethylenimine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gold%20nanoparticles" title=" gold nanoparticles"> gold nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=olive%20oil" title=" olive oil"> olive oil</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26044/thermolysin-entrapment-in-a-gold-nanoparticlespolymer-composite-construction-of-an-efficient-biosensor-for-ochratoxin-a-detection" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26044.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">590</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">680</span> Optimization of Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Cooked Porcine Blood to Obtain Hydrolysates with Potential Biological Activities</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Miguel%20Pereira">Miguel Pereira</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L%C3%ADgia%20Pimentel"> Lígia Pimentel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manuela%20Pintado"> Manuela Pintado</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Animal blood is a major by-product of slaughterhouses and still represents a cost and environmental problem in some countries. To be eliminated, blood should be stabilised by cooking and afterwards the slaughterhouses must have to pay for its incineration. In order to reduce the elimination costs and valorise the high protein content the aim of this study was the optimization of hydrolysis conditions, in terms of enzyme ratio and time, in order to obtain hydrolysates with biological activity. Two enzymes were tested in this assay: pepsin and proteases from Cynara cardunculus (cardosins). The latter has the advantage to be largely used in the Portuguese Dairy Industry and has a low price. The screening assays were carried out in a range of time between 0 and 10 h and using a ratio of enzyme/reaction volume between 0 and 5%. The assays were performed at the optimal conditions of pH and temperature for each enzyme: 55 °C at pH 5.2 for cardosins and 37 °C at pH 2.0 for pepsin. After reaction, the hydrolysates were evaluated by FPLC (Fast Protein Liquid Chromatography) and tested for their antioxidant activity by ABTS method. FPLC chromatograms showed different profiles when comparing the enzymatic reactions with the control (no enzyme added). The chromatogram exhibited new peaks with lower MW that were not present in control samples, demonstrating the hydrolysis by both enzymes. Regarding to the antioxidant activity, the best results for both enzymes were obtained using a ratio enzyme/reactional volume of 5% during 5 h of hydrolysis. However, the extension of reaction did not affect significantly the antioxidant activity. This has an industrial relevant aspect in what concerns to the process cost. In conclusion, the enzymatic blood hydrolysis can be a better alternative to the current elimination process allowing to the industry the reuse of an ingredient with biological properties and economic value. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antioxidant%20activity" title="antioxidant activity">antioxidant activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blood" title=" blood"> blood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=by-products" title=" by-products"> by-products</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enzymatic%20hydrolysis" title=" enzymatic hydrolysis"> enzymatic hydrolysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31118/optimization-of-enzymatic-hydrolysis-of-cooked-porcine-blood-to-obtain-hydrolysates-with-potential-biological-activities" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31118.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">509</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">679</span> Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship Modeling of Detoxication Properties of Some 1,2-Dithiole-3-Thione Derivatives</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nadjib%20Melkemi">Nadjib Melkemi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salah%20Belaidi"> Salah Belaidi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) studies have been performed on nineteen molecules of 1,2-dithiole-3-thione analogues. The compounds used are the potent inducers of enzymes involved in the maintenance of reduced glutathione pools as well as phase-2 enzymes important to electrophile detoxication. A multiple linear regression (MLR) procedure was used to design the relationships between molecular descriptor and detoxication properties of the 1,2-dithiole-3-thione derivatives. The predictivity of the model was estimated by cross-validation with the leave-one-out method. Our results suggest a QSAR model based of the following descriptors: qS2, qC3, qC5, qS6, DM, Pol, log P, MV, SAG, HE and EHOMO for the specific activity of quinone reductase; qS1, qS2, qC3, qC4, qC5, qS6, DM, Pol, logP, MV, SAG, HE and EHOMO for the production of growth hormone. To confirm the predictive power of the models, an external set of molecules was used. High correlation between experimental and predicted activity values was observed, indicating the validation and the good quality of the derived QSAR models. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=QSAR" title="QSAR">QSAR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quinone%20reductase%20activity" title=" quinone reductase activity"> quinone reductase activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=production%20of%20growth%20hormone" title=" production of growth hormone"> production of growth hormone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MLR" title=" MLR"> MLR</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7137/quantitative-structure-activity-relationship-modeling-of-detoxication-properties-of-some-12-dithiole-3-thione-derivatives" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7137.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">350</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immobilized%20enzymes&page=4" rel="prev">&lsaquo;</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immobilized%20enzymes&page=1">1</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immobilized%20enzymes&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immobilized%20enzymes&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immobilized%20enzymes&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item active"><span 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