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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pre-Ottoman_Cyprus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Pre-Ottoman Cyprus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pre-Ottoman_Cyprus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ottoman_Cyprus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ottoman_Cyprus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Ottoman Cyprus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ottoman_Cyprus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-British_Cyprus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#British_Cyprus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>British Cyprus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-British_Cyprus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Republic_of_Cyprus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Republic_of_Cyprus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Republic of Cyprus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Republic_of_Cyprus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Language" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Language"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Language</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Language-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music_and_dances" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music_and_dances"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Music and dances</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music_and_dances-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demographics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Debates_on_the_Turkish_Cypriot_population_in_the_1970s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Debates_on_the_Turkish_Cypriot_population_in_the_1970s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Debates on the Turkish Cypriot population in the 1970s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Debates_on_the_Turkish_Cypriot_population_in_the_1970s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2006_Census" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2006_Census"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>2006 Census</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2006_Census-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2011_Census" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2011_Census"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>2011 Census</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2011_Census-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Diaspora" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diaspora"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Diaspora</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Diaspora-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Diaspora subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Diaspora-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Turkey" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Turkey"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Turkey</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Turkey-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Palestine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Palestine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Palestine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Palestine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_Kingdom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Kingdom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>United Kingdom</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_Kingdom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Origins" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origins"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Origins</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Origins-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Origins subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Origins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Genetic_studies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Genetic_studies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Genetic studies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Genetic_studies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_Turkish_Cypriots" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_Turkish_Cypriots"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notable Turkish Cypriots</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notable_Turkish_Cypriots-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Notable Turkish Cypriots subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Notable_Turkish_Cypriots-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-In_Cyprus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_Cyprus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>In Cyprus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_Cyprus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_the_diaspora" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_the_diaspora"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>In the diaspora</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_the_diaspora-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Parliamentary_Assembly_of_the_Council_of_Europe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parliamentary_Assembly_of_the_Council_of_Europe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parliamentary_Assembly_of_the_Council_of_Europe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Turkish Cypriots</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 37 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-37" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">37 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B5%D8%A9_%D8%A3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%83" title="قبارصة أتراك – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قبارصة أتراك" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kipr_t%C3%BCrkl%C9%99ri" title="Kipr türkləri – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kipr türkləri" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%DB%8C%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3_%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%A9%E2%80%8C%E2%80%8C%E2%80%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%84%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="قیبریس تورک‌‌‌‌لری – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="قیبریس تورک‌‌‌‌لری" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%80_%D1%82%D3%A9%D1%80%D3%A9%D0%BA%D1%82%D3%99%D1%80%D0%B5" title="Кипр төрөктәре – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Кипр төрөктәре" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%8A%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Кипърски турци – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Кипърски турци" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zyperndiakn" title="Zyperndiakn – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Zyperndiakn" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zypernt%C3%BCrken" title="Zyperntürken – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Zyperntürken" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%BCproset%C3%BCrklased" title="Küprosetürklased – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Küprosetürklased" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%81%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%8D%CF%80%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%B9" title="Τουρκοκύπριοι – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τουρκοκύπριοι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turcochipriotas" title="Turcochipriotas – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Turcochipriotas" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkaj_kipranoj" title="Turkaj kipranoj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Turkaj kipranoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%A9%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%82%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%B3" title="ترک‌های قبرس – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ترک‌های قبرس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chypriotes_turcs" title="Chypriotes turcs – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Chypriotes turcs" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B9%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D6%84_%D5%AF%D5%AB%D5%BA%D6%80%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Թուրք կիպրացիներ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Թուրք կիպրացիներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turki_Siprus" title="Turki Siprus – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Turki Siprus" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turchi_ciprioti" title="Turchi ciprioti – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Turchi ciprioti" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%97%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A5%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="კვიპროსელი თურქები – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კვიპროსელი თურქები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirk%C3%AAn_K%C3%AEpros%C3%AA" title="Tirkên Kîprosê – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Tirkên Kîprosê" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D1%82%D1%83%D1%8C%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Кипрдин туьрквер – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Кипрдин туьрквер" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Кипарски Турци – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Кипарски Турци" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B5%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%83" title="قبارصة اتراك – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="قبارصة اتراك" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turks-Cyprioten" title="Turks-Cyprioten – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Turks-Cyprioten" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiprlik_turklar" title="Kiprlik turklar – 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href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cipriotas_turcos" title="Cipriotas turcos – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cipriotas turcos" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8-%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Турки-киприоты – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Турки-киприоты" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turqit_qipriot%C3%AB" title="Turqit qipriotë – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Turqit qipriotë" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Turkish Cypriots</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above nickname" style="font-size:115%; font-weight:normal;"><div lang="tr"><i>Kıbrıslı Türkler</i></div></th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Total population</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Total unknown <br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(see also <a href="/wiki/Turkish_Cypriot_diaspora" title="Turkish Cypriot diaspora">Turkish Cypriot diaspora</a>)</span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Regions with significant populations</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Flag_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Flag_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Flag_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Northern_Cyprus" title="Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></th><td class="infobox-data">est. 150,000<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></th><td class="infobox-data">300,000 to over 650,000 <br /> (Higher estimate includes descendants of the early twentieth century <a href="/wiki/Muhacirs" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhacirs">muhacirs</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-CouncilofEurope_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CouncilofEurope-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TRNCInfo_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TRNCInfo-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-StarK_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-StarK-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></th><td class="infobox-data">130,000 (<a href="/wiki/TRNC" class="mw-redirect" title="TRNC">TRNC</a> nationals only – excludes British born and dual heritage children)<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-csdproject_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-csdproject-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /> 300,000 to 400,000 (including descendants)<sup id="cite_ref-HomeAffairsCommittee_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HomeAffairsCommittee-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-OBV_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OBV-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-StarKibris_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-StarKibris-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-KıbrısGazetesi_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KıbrısGazetesi-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></th><td class="infobox-data">30,000 (Turkish Cypriot immigrants in 1993<sup id="cite_ref-CouncilofEurope_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CouncilofEurope-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) <br /> est.40,000 to 120,000<sup id="cite_ref-TRNCInfo_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TRNCInfo-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-StarK_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-StarK-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-StarKibris_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-StarKibris-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BRT_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BRT-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></th><td class="infobox-data">6,000 (Turkish Cypriot immigrants in 1993<sup id="cite_ref-CouncilofEurope_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CouncilofEurope-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></th><td class="infobox-data">6,000 (Turkish Cypriot immigrants in 1993<sup id="cite_ref-CouncilofEurope_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CouncilofEurope-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a> (south)</th><td class="infobox-data">1,128 (2011 Cyprus census<sup id="cite_ref-2011Cypriotcensus_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2011Cypriotcensus-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) <br /> est.2,000<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;">Other countries</th><td class="infobox-data">5,000 (2001 TRNC Ministry of Foreign Affairs estimate),<sup id="cite_ref-TRNCInfo_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TRNCInfo-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> particularly in <a href="/wiki/Western_Europe" title="Western Europe">Western Europe</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Languages</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish language</a><br />(<span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_Turkish" title="Cypriot Turkish">Cypriot Turkish</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Istanbul_Turkish" class="mw-redirect" title="Istanbul Turkish">Istanbul Turkish</a></span>)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Religion</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni Islam</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="padding-top:0.5em;text-align:left;"><hr /><sup>a</sup> This figure does <b>not</b> include Turkish settlers from Turkey.</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Turkish Cypriots</b> or <b>Cypriot Turks</b> (<a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>: <i lang="tr">Kıbrıs Türkleri</i> or <span title="Turkish-language text"><i lang="tr">Kıbrıslı Türkler</i></span>; <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: <span lang="el">Τουρκοκύπριοι</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Greek" title="Romanization of Greek">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Greek-language romanization"><i lang="el-Latn">Tourkokýprioi</i></span>) are ethnic <a href="/wiki/Turkish_people" title="Turkish people">Turks</a> originating from <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a>. Turkish Cypriots are mainly <a href="/wiki/Sunni_Muslims" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunni Muslims">Sunni Muslims</a>. Following the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman</a> conquest of the island in 1571, about 30,000 Turkish settlers were given land once they arrived in Cyprus.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hüssein_2007_loc=14_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hüssein_2007_loc=14-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, many of the island's local Christians converted to Islam during the early years of Ottoman rule.<sup id="cite_ref-Jennings_1993_loc=137-38_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jennings_1993_loc=137-38-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nonetheless, the influx of mainly Muslim settlers to Cyprus continued intermittently until the end of the Ottoman period.<sup id="cite_ref-Çevikel_2000_loc=178_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Çevikel_2000_loc=178-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Today, while <a href="/wiki/Northern_Cyprus" title="Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a> is home to a significant part of the Turkish Cypriot population, the majority of Turkish Cypriots live abroad, forming the <a href="/wiki/Turkish_Cypriot_diaspora" title="Turkish Cypriot diaspora">Turkish Cypriot diaspora</a>. This diaspora came into existence after the Ottoman Empire transferred the control of the island to the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a>, as many Turkish Cypriots emigrated primarily to <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> for political and economic reasons. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Standard Turkish</a> is the official language of Northern Cyprus. The vernacular spoken by Turkish Cypriots is <a href="/wiki/Cypriot_Turkish" title="Cypriot Turkish">Cypriot Turkish</a>, which has been influenced by <a href="/wiki/Cypriot_Greek" title="Cypriot Greek">Cypriot Greek</a>, as well as <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkish_Cypriots&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pre-Ottoman_Cyprus">Pre-Ottoman Cyprus</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkish_Cypriots&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Pre-Ottoman Cyprus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although there was no settled Muslim population in Cyprus prior to the Ottoman conquest of 1570–71, some Ottoman Turks were captured and carried off as prisoners to Cyprus in the year 1400 during Cypriot raids in the Asiatic and Egyptian coasts.<sup id="cite_ref-Beckingham_1957_loc=171_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beckingham_1957_loc=171-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some of these captives accepted or were forced to convert to Christianity and were baptized; however, there were also some Turkish slaves who remained unbaptized.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1425, some of these slaves helped the <a href="/wiki/Mamluke" class="mw-redirect" title="Mamluke">Mamluke</a> army to gain access to <a href="/wiki/Limassol_Castle" title="Limassol Castle">Limassol Castle</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite the release of some of the captives, after the payment of ransoms, most of the baptized Turks continued to remain on the island. The medieval Cypriot historian <a href="/wiki/Leontios_Machairas" title="Leontios Machairas">Leontios Machairas</a> recalled that the baptized Turks were not permitted to leave <a href="/wiki/Nicosia" title="Nicosia">Nicosia</a> when the Mamlukes approached the city after the battle of <a href="/wiki/Khirokitia" title="Khirokitia">Khirokitia</a> in 1426.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Professor <a href="/wiki/Charles_Fraser_Beckingham" title="Charles Fraser Beckingham">Charles Fraser Beckingham</a>, "there must therefore have been some Cypriots, at least nominally Christian, who were of Turkish, Arab, or Egyptian origin."<sup id="cite_ref-Beckingham_1957_loc=171_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beckingham_1957_loc=171-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cyprus_by_Piri_Reis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Cyprus_by_Piri_Reis.jpg/220px-Cyprus_by_Piri_Reis.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Cyprus_by_Piri_Reis.jpg/330px-Cyprus_by_Piri_Reis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Cyprus_by_Piri_Reis.jpg/440px-Cyprus_by_Piri_Reis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="813" data-file-height="551" /></a><figcaption>An early sixteenth century (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1521–1525</span>) map of Cyprus by the Ottoman cartographer <a href="/wiki/Piri_Reis" title="Piri Reis">Piri Reis</a></figcaption></figure> <p>By 1488, the Ottomans made their first attempt at conquering Cyprus when Sultan <a href="/wiki/Bayezid_II" title="Bayezid II">Bayezid II</a> sent a fleet to conquer <a href="/wiki/Famagusta" title="Famagusta">Famagusta</a>. However, the attempt failed due to the timely intervention of a Venetian fleet.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Queen of Cyprus, <a href="/wiki/Caterina_Cornaro" class="mw-redirect" title="Caterina Cornaro">Caterina Cornaro</a>, was forced to relinquish her crown to the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Republic of Venice</a> in 1489. In the same year, Ottoman ships were seen off the coast of <a href="/wiki/Karpas" title="Karpas">Karpas</a> and the Venetians began to strengthen the fortifications of the island.<sup id="cite_ref-Gazioğlu_1990_loc=16_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gazioğlu_1990_loc=16-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1500, coastal raids by Ottoman vessels resulted in the heavy loss of Venetian fleets, forcing Venice to negotiate a peace treaty with the Ottoman Empire in 1503. However, by May 1539 <a href="/wiki/Suleiman_the_Magnificent" title="Suleiman the Magnificent">Suleiman I</a> decided to attack <a href="/wiki/Limassol" title="Limassol">Limassol</a> because the Venetians had been sheltering pirates who continuously attacked Ottoman ships. Limassol stayed under Ottoman control until a peace treaty was signed in 1540. Cyprus continued to be a haven for pirates who interrupted the safe passage of Ottoman trade ships and Muslim pilgrims sailing to <a href="/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca">Mecca</a> and <a href="/wiki/Medina" title="Medina">Medina</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1569, pirates captured the Ottoman <i>defterdar</i> (treasurer) of Egypt, and <a href="/wiki/Selim_II" title="Selim II">Selim II</a> decided to safeguard the sea route from <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a> to <a href="/wiki/Alexandria" title="Alexandria">Alexandria</a> by conquering the island and clearing the eastern Mediterranean of all enemies in 1570–71.<sup id="cite_ref-Gazioğlu_1990_loc=16_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gazioğlu_1990_loc=16-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ottoman_Cyprus">Ottoman Cyprus</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkish_Cypriots&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Ottoman Cyprus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCrg%C3%BCn" title="Sürgün">Sürgün</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ottomans_conquering_the_Limassol_Castle.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Ottomans_conquering_the_Limassol_Castle.png/220px-Ottomans_conquering_the_Limassol_Castle.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="342" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Ottomans_conquering_the_Limassol_Castle.png/330px-Ottomans_conquering_the_Limassol_Castle.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Ottomans_conquering_the_Limassol_Castle.png/440px-Ottomans_conquering_the_Limassol_Castle.png 2x" data-file-width="494" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_miniature" title="Ottoman miniature">miniature painting</a> depicting the landing of Ottoman soldiers at <a href="/wiki/Limassol_Castle" title="Limassol Castle">Limassol Castle</a> during the Ottoman conquest of Cyprus (1570–71)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cipro-Nicosia04.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Cipro-Nicosia04.jpg/220px-Cipro-Nicosia04.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Cipro-Nicosia04.jpg/330px-Cipro-Nicosia04.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Cipro-Nicosia04.jpg/440px-Cipro-Nicosia04.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>The Ottoman Turks built <a href="/wiki/B%C3%BCy%C3%BCk_Han" title="Büyük Han">Büyük Han</a> in 1572. Today it has become a thriving center of Turkish Cypriot culture.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Larnaca_01-2017_img24_Kamares_Aqueduct.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Larnaca_01-2017_img24_Kamares_Aqueduct.jpg/220px-Larnaca_01-2017_img24_Kamares_Aqueduct.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Larnaca_01-2017_img24_Kamares_Aqueduct.jpg/330px-Larnaca_01-2017_img24_Kamares_Aqueduct.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Larnaca_01-2017_img24_Kamares_Aqueduct.jpg/440px-Larnaca_01-2017_img24_Kamares_Aqueduct.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5408" data-file-height="3380" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Bekir_Pasha_Aqueduct" class="mw-redirect" title="Bekir Pasha Aqueduct">Bekir Pasha Aqueduct</a> was built by the Ottoman governor <a href="/wiki/Ebubekir_Pasha" title="Ebubekir Pasha">Ebubekir Pasha</a> in 1747. It is considered to be the most prominent water supply ever built in Cyprus.</figcaption></figure> <p>The basis for the emergence of a sizeable and enduring Turkish community in Cyprus emerged when <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman</a> troops landed on the island in mid-May 1570 and <a href="/wiki/Ottoman%E2%80%93Venetian_War_(1570%E2%80%931573)" title="Ottoman–Venetian War (1570–1573)">seized it within a year</a> from <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Venetian</a> rule.<sup id="cite_ref-Shawn_1976_loc=178_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shawn_1976_loc=178-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The post-conquest period established a significant Muslim community which consisted of soldiers from the campaign who remained behind and further settlers who were brought from <a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolia</a> as part of a traditional Ottoman population policy.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Template:Harvard_citation_documentation#Possible_issues" title="Template:Harvard citation documentation"><span title="The footnote link does not work, either because the citation is missing, or there an issue with the footnote template and/or association citation (May 2020)">broken footnote</span></a></i>]</sup> There were also new converts to Islam on the island during the early years of Ottoman rule.<sup id="cite_ref-Jennings_1993_loc=137-38_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jennings_1993_loc=137-38-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In addition to documented settlement of Anatolian peasants and craftsmen, as well as the arrival of soldiers, <a href="/wiki/Decrees" class="mw-redirect" title="Decrees">decrees</a> were also issued banishing Anatolian tribes, "undesirable" persons, and members of various "troublesome" Muslim sects, principally those officially classified as <a href="/wiki/Heretical" class="mw-redirect" title="Heretical">heretical</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Jennings_1993_loc=232_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jennings_1993_loc=232-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This influx of mainly Muslim settlers to Cyprus continued intermittently until the end of the Ottoman period.<sup id="cite_ref-Çevikel_2000_loc=178_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Çevikel_2000_loc=178-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some Turkish Cypriots are descendants of <a href="/wiki/Crypto-Christians" class="mw-redirect" title="Crypto-Christians">Crypto-Christians</a>, a phenomenon that was not uncommon in the Ottoman Empire given its multi-faith character. In Cyprus, many Latins and <a href="/wiki/Maronite_Cypriots" title="Maronite Cypriots">Maronites</a>, as well as Greeks, converted to Islam at different points during Ottoman rule for a number of reasons ranging from collectively avoiding heavy taxation to ending an individual woman unhappy marriage.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their artificial embrace of Islam and their secret maintaining of Christianity led this group of crypto-Christians to be known in Greek as <a href="/wiki/Linobambaki" title="Linobambaki">Linobambaki</a> or the cotton-linen sect as they changed religion to curry favour with Ottoman officials during the day but practiced Catholicism at night.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1636 the conditions for the Christians became intolerable and certain Christians decided to become Muslims. According to Palmieri (1905) the Maronites who became Muslims lived mainly in the Nicosia District and despite the fact that the Maronites turned to Muslims they never gave up their Christian faith and beliefs hoping to become Christians. This is why they baptized their children according to the Christian faith, but they also practiced circumcision. They also gave their children two names, a Muslim and a Christian one.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many of the villages and neighbouring areas accepted as Turkish Cypriot estates, were formerly Linobambaki activity centers. These include:<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 15em;"> <ul><li>Agios Andronikos (Yeşilköy)</li> <li>Agios Ioannis (Ayyanni)</li> <li>Agios Sozomenos (Arpalık)</li> <li>Agios Theodoros (Boğaziçi)</li> <li>Armenochori (Esenköy)</li> <li>Ayios Iakovos (Altınova)</li> <li>Ayios Khariton (Ergenekon)</li> <li>Dali (Dali)</li> <li>Frodisia (Yağmuralan)</li> <li>Galinoporni (Kaleburnu)</li> <li>Kato Arodes (Aşağı Kalkanlı)</li> <li>Tylliria (Dillirga)</li> <li>Kornokipos (Görneç)</li> <li>Kritou Marottou (Grit-Marut)</li> <li>Limnitis (Yeşilırmak)</li> <li>Louroujina (Akincilar)</li> <li>Melounta (Mallıdağ)</li> <li>Platani (Çınarlı)</li> <li>Potamia (Bodamya)</li> <li>Vretsia (Vretça)</li></ul></div> <p>By the second quarter of the nineteenth century, approximately 30,000 Muslims were living in Cyprus, comprising about 35% of the total population. The fact that Turkish was the main language spoken by the Muslims of the island is a significant indicator that the majority of them were either Turkish-speaking Anatolians or otherwise from a Turkic background.<sup id="cite_ref-Nevzat_&_Hatay_2009_loc=912_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nevzat_&_Hatay_2009_loc=912-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Throughout the Ottoman rule, the demographic ratio between Christian "Greeks" and Muslim "Turks" fluctuated constantly.<sup id="cite_ref-Hatay_2007_loc=17_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hatay_2007_loc=17-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During 1745–1814, the Muslim Turkish Cypriots constituted the majority on the island compared to the Christian Greek Cypriots, being up to 75% of the total island population.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, by 1841, Turks made up 27% of the island's population.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of the reasons for this decline is because the Turkish community were obliged to serve in the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_army" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman army">Ottoman army</a> for years, usually away from home, very often losing their lives in the endless wars of the Ottoman Empire.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another reason for the declining population was because of the emigration trend of some 15,000 Turkish Cypriots to Anatolia in 1878, when the Ottoman Turks handed over the administration of the island to Britain.<sup id="cite_ref-Heper_&_Criss_2009_loc=92_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Heper_&_Criss_2009_loc=92-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="British_Cyprus">British Cyprus</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkish_Cypriots&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: British Cyprus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cypriot_(Turkish)_Muslim_woman_1878.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Cypriot_%28Turkish%29_Muslim_woman_1878.jpg/220px-Cypriot_%28Turkish%29_Muslim_woman_1878.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="315" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Cypriot_%28Turkish%29_Muslim_woman_1878.jpg/330px-Cypriot_%28Turkish%29_Muslim_woman_1878.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Cypriot_%28Turkish%29_Muslim_woman_1878.jpg/440px-Cypriot_%28Turkish%29_Muslim_woman_1878.jpg 2x" data-file-width="715" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>A Cypriot woman in traditional Turkish fashion, 1878</figcaption></figure> <p>By 1878, during the <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Berlin" title="Congress of Berlin">Congress of Berlin</a>, under the terms of the Anglo-Ottoman <a href="/wiki/Cyprus_Convention" title="Cyprus Convention">Cyprus Convention</a>, the Ottoman Turks had agreed to assign Cyprus to <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">Britain</a> to occupy and rule, though not to possess as <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_territory" class="mw-redirect" title="Sovereign territory">sovereign territory</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Nevzat_&_Hatay_2009_loc=916_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nevzat_&_Hatay_2009_loc=916-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the first British census of Cyprus, in 1881, 95% of the island's Muslims spoke Turkish as their mother tongue.<sup id="cite_ref-Percival_1948_loc=25_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Percival_1948_loc=25-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of the 1920s, the percentage of <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>-speaking Muslims had dropped from 5%, in 1881, to just under 2% of the total Muslim population.<sup id="cite_ref-Percival_1948_loc=9-11_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Percival_1948_loc=9-11-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the opening years of the twentieth century <a href="/wiki/Ottomanism" title="Ottomanism">Ottomanism</a> became an ever more popular identity held by the Cypriot Muslim intelligentsia, especially in the wake of the <a href="/wiki/Young_Turk_Revolution" title="Young Turk Revolution">Young Turk Revolution</a> of 1908. Increasing numbers of <a href="/wiki/Young_Turks" title="Young Turks">Young Turks</a> who had turned against Sultan <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Hamid_II" title="Abdul Hamid II">Abdul Hamid II</a> sought refuge in Cyprus. A rising class of disgruntled intellectuals in the island's main urban centres gradually began to warm to the ideas of positivism, freedom and modernization.<sup id="cite_ref-Kızılyürek_2006_loc=317_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kızılyürek_2006_loc=317-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Spurred on by the rising calls for "<a href="/wiki/Enosis" title="Enosis">enosis</a>", the union with <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a>, emanating from <a href="/wiki/Greek_Cypriots" title="Greek Cypriots">Greek Cypriots</a>, an initially hesitant "Turkism" was also starting to appear in certain newspaper articles and to be heard in the political debates of the local intelligentsia of Cyprus.<sup id="cite_ref-Nevzat_2005_loc=224_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nevzat_2005_loc=224-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In line with the changes introduced in the Ottoman Empire after 1908, the curricula of Cyprus's Muslim schools, such as the "Idadi", were also altered to incorporate more <a href="/wiki/Secular" class="mw-redirect" title="Secular">secular</a> teachings with increasingly <a href="/wiki/Turkish_nationalism" title="Turkish nationalism">Turkish nationalist</a> undertones. Many of these graduates in due course ended up as teachers in the growing number of urban and rural schools that had begun to proliferate across the island by the 1920s.<sup id="cite_ref-Nesim_1987_loc=27_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nesim_1987_loc=27-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Okan_family.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/The_Okan_family.jpg/220px-The_Okan_family.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/The_Okan_family.jpg/330px-The_Okan_family.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/The_Okan_family.jpg/440px-The_Okan_family.jpg 2x" data-file-width="548" data-file-height="321" /></a><figcaption>Mehmet Remzi Okan with his wife and children in 1919 during the <a href="/wiki/Turkish_War_of_Independence" title="Turkish War of Independence">Turkish War of Independence</a>. The family were Turkish Cypriots who owned the newspaper <i>Söz Gazetesi</i>.</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1914, the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> joined the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a> against the <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_I" title="Allies of World War I">Allied Forces</a> and Britain annexed the island. Cyprus's Muslim inhabitants were officially asked to choose between adopting either British nationality or retaining their Ottoman subject status; about 4,000–8,500 Muslims decided to leave the island and move to Turkey.<sup id="cite_ref-Hatay_2007_loc=21_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hatay_2007_loc=21-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hill_1952_loc=413n_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hill_1952_loc=413n-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following its defeat in World War I, the Ottoman Empire were faced with the <a href="/wiki/Greco-Turkish_War_(1919%E2%80%931922)" title="Greco-Turkish War (1919–1922)">Greco-Turkish War (1919–1922)</a> whereby the Greek incursion into Anatolia aimed at claiming what Greece believed to be historically Greek territory.<sup id="cite_ref-Clogg_1992_loc=93-97_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clogg_1992_loc=93-97-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For the Ottoman Turks of Cyprus, already fearing the aims of enosis-seeking Greek Cypriots, reports of atrocities committed by the Greeks against the Turkish populations in Anatolia, and the Greek <a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Smyrna" title="Occupation of Smyrna">Occupation of Smyrna</a>, produced further fears for their own future. Greek forces were routed in 1922 under the leadership of <a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Kemal_Atat%C3%BCrk" title="Mustafa Kemal Atatürk">Mustafa Kemal Atatürk</a> who, in 1923, proclaimed the new Republic of <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> and renounced irredentist claims to former Ottoman territories beyond the Anatolian heartland. Muslims in Cyprus were thus excluded from the nation-building project, though many still heeded Atatürk's call to join in the establishment of the new nation-state, and opted for <a href="/wiki/Turkish_citizenship" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish citizenship">Turkish citizenship</a>. Between 1881 and 1927 approximately 30,000 Turkish Cypriots emigrated to Turkey.<sup id="cite_ref-St._John-Jones_1983_loc=56_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-St._John-Jones_1983_loc=56-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Heper_&_Criss_2009_loc=92_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Heper_&_Criss_2009_loc=92-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 1920s was to prove a critical decade in terms of stricter ethno-religious compartments; hence, Muslim Cypriots who remained on the island gradually embraced the ideology of <a href="/wiki/Turkish_nationalism" title="Turkish nationalism">Turkish nationalism</a> due to the impact of the <a href="/wiki/Kemalist_ideology" class="mw-redirect" title="Kemalist ideology">Kemalist Revolution</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Nevzat_&_Hatay_2009_loc=918_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nevzat_&_Hatay_2009_loc=918-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At its core were the Kemalist values of <a href="/wiki/Secularism" title="Secularism">secularism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Modernization" class="mw-redirect" title="Modernization">modernization</a> and <a href="/wiki/Westernization" title="Westernization">westernization</a>; reforms such as the introduction of the new <a href="/wiki/Turkish_alphabet" title="Turkish alphabet">Turkish alphabet</a>, adoption of western dress and secularization, were adopted voluntarily by Muslim Turkish Cypriots, who had been prepared for such changes not just by the <a href="/wiki/Tanzimat" title="Tanzimat">Tanzimat</a> but also by several decades of British rule.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many of those Cypriots who until then had still identified themselves primarily as Muslims began now to see themselves principally as Turks in Cyprus.<sup id="cite_ref-Nevzat_&_Hatay_2009_loc=919_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nevzat_&_Hatay_2009_loc=919-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By 1950, a <a href="/wiki/Cypriot_Enosis_referendum,_1950" class="mw-redirect" title="Cypriot Enosis referendum, 1950">Cypriot Enosis referendum</a> in which 95.7% of Greek Cypriot voters supported a fight aimed at <a href="/wiki/Enosis" title="Enosis">enosis</a>, the union of Cyprus with <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> were led by an armed organisation, in 1955, called <a href="/wiki/EOKA" title="EOKA">EOKA</a> by <a href="/wiki/Georgios_Grivas" title="Georgios Grivas">Georgios Grivas</a> which aimed at bringing down British rule and uniting the island of Cyprus with Greece. Turkish Cypriots had always reacted immediately against the objective of enosis; thus, the 1950s saw many Turkish Cypriots who were forced to flee from their homes.<sup id="cite_ref-Sonyel_2000_loc=147_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sonyel_2000_loc=147-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1958, Turkish Cypriots set up their own armed group called <a href="/wiki/Turkish_Resistance_Organisation" title="Turkish Resistance Organisation">Turkish Resistance Organisation</a> (TMT) and by early 1958, the first wave of armed conflict between the two communities began; a few hundred Turkish Cypriots left their villages and quarters in the mixed towns and never returned.<sup id="cite_ref-Kliot_2007_loc=59_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kliot_2007_loc=59-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Republic_of_Cyprus">Republic of Cyprus</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkish_Cypriots&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Republic of Cyprus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Old_Turkish_Cypriot_quarters_in_Baf_(1969).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Old_Turkish_Cypriot_quarters_in_Baf_%281969%29.jpg/250px-Old_Turkish_Cypriot_quarters_in_Baf_%281969%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Old_Turkish_Cypriot_quarters_in_Baf_%281969%29.jpg/375px-Old_Turkish_Cypriot_quarters_in_Baf_%281969%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Old_Turkish_Cypriot_quarters_in_Baf_%281969%29.jpg/500px-Old_Turkish_Cypriot_quarters_in_Baf_%281969%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="693" data-file-height="437" /></a><figcaption>An old Turkish Cypriot "<i>mahalle</i>" (<a href="/wiki/Quarter_(country_subdivision)" class="mw-redirect" title="Quarter (country subdivision)">quarter</a>) in <a href="/wiki/Paphos" title="Paphos">Paphos</a> (1969)</figcaption></figure> <p>By 16 August 1960, the island of Cyprus became an independent state, the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Cyprus">Republic of Cyprus</a>, with power sharing between the two communities under the <a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich_and_London_Agreement" class="mw-redirect" title="Zürich and London Agreement">1960 Zurich agreements</a>, with Britain, Greece and Turkey as Guarantor Powers. Archbishop <a href="/wiki/Makarios_III" title="Makarios III">Makarios III</a> was elected as president by the Greek Cypriots and <a href="/wiki/Faz%C4%B1l_K%C3%BC%C3%A7%C3%BCk" title="Fazıl Küçük">Dr. Fazıl Küçük</a> was elected as vice-president by the Turkish Cypriots. However, in December 1963, in the events known as "<a href="/wiki/Bloody_Christmas_(1963)" title="Bloody Christmas (1963)">Bloody Christmas</a>",<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> when Makarios III attempted to modify the Constitution, Greek Cypriots initiated a military campaign against the Turkish Cypriots and began to attack Turkish inhabited villages; by early 1964, the Turkish Cypriots started to withdraw into armed <a href="/wiki/Turkish_Cypriot_enclaves" title="Turkish Cypriot enclaves">enclaves</a> where the Greek Cypriots blockaded them, resulting in some 25,000 Turkish Cypriots becoming refugees, or internally "displaced persons".<sup id="cite_ref-Cassia_2007_loc=21_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cassia_2007_loc=21-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kliot_2007_loc=59_64-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kliot_2007_loc=59-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This resulted in the UN peacekeeping force, <a href="/wiki/UNFICYP" class="mw-redirect" title="UNFICYP">UNFICYP</a>, being stationed on the island as well as an external migration trend of thousands more Turkish Cypriots to the United Kingdom, Turkey, North America and Australia.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the rise to power of the <a href="/wiki/Greek_military_junta_of_1967%E2%80%931974" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek military junta of 1967–1974">Greek military junta</a>, a decade later, in 1974, a group of right-wing <a href="/wiki/Greek_nationalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek nationalist">Greek nationalists</a>, <a href="/wiki/EOKA_B" title="EOKA B">EOKA B</a>, who supported the union of Cyprus with Greece, <a href="/wiki/1974_Cypriot_coup_d%27etat" class="mw-redirect" title="1974 Cypriot coup d'etat">launched a putsch</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Savvides_2004_loc=260_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Savvides_2004_loc=260-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This action precipitated the <a href="/wiki/Turkish_invasion_of_Cyprus" title="Turkish invasion of Cyprus">Turkish invasion of Cyprus</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Benvenisti2012_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Benvenisti2012-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which led to the capture of the present-day territory of Northern Cyprus the following month, after a ceasefire collapsed. The Turkish invasion resulted in the occupation of some 37% of the island in the north.<sup id="cite_ref-Cassia_2007_loc=21_66-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cassia_2007_loc=21-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the invasion of the island, a number of <a href="/wiki/Turkish_invasion_of_Cyprus#Against_Turkish_Cypriots" title="Turkish invasion of Cyprus">atrocities</a> against the Turkish Cypriot community were committed; such as the <a href="/wiki/Maratha,_Santalaris_and_Aloda_massacre" title="Maratha, Santalaris and Aloda massacre">Maratha, Santalaris and Aloda massacre</a> by the Greek Cypriot paramilitary organisation EOKA B. After the Turkish invasion and the ensuing 1975 Vienna agreements, 60,000 Turkish Cypriots who lived in the south of the island fled to the north.<sup id="cite_ref-Tocci_2007_loc=32_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tocci_2007_loc=32-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 1974–1975 movement was strictly organised by the Provisional Turkish Administration who tried to preserve village communities intact.<sup id="cite_ref-Kliot_2007_loc=59_64-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kliot_2007_loc=59-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus">Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkish_Cypriots&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cyprus_districts_named.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Cyprus_districts_named.png/220px-Cyprus_districts_named.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Cyprus_districts_named.png/330px-Cyprus_districts_named.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Cyprus_districts_named.png/440px-Cyprus_districts_named.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="365" /></a><figcaption>The northern areas of the island of Cyprus administered by Turkish Cypriots</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1983, the Turkish Cypriots declared their own state in the north, the <a href="/wiki/Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus">Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus</a>, which remains internationally unrecognised, except by Turkey.<sup id="cite_ref-Bryant_&_Papadakis_2012_loc=5_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bryant_&_Papadakis_2012_loc=5-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2004, a referendum for the unification of the island, the "<a href="/wiki/Annan_Plan" title="Annan Plan">Annan Plan</a>", was accepted by 65% of Turkish Cypriots but rejected by 76% of Greek Cypriots.<sup id="cite_ref-Bryant_&_Papadakis_2012_loc=121_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bryant_&_Papadakis_2012_loc=121-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkish_Cypriots&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Northern_Cyprus" title="Culture of Northern Cyprus">Culture of Northern Cyprus</a></div> <p>The Turkish Cypriots are <a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>-speaking, regard themselves as <a href="/wiki/Secular" class="mw-redirect" title="Secular">secular</a> <a href="/wiki/Muslims" title="Muslims">Muslims</a>, and take pride in their <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman</a> heritage.<sup id="cite_ref-Broome_2004_loc=279_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Broome_2004_loc=279-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, Turkish Cypriots differentiate themselves from mainlanders, especially from the religiously conservative settlers who have come to Cyprus more recently, but their strong connection to Turkey is nonetheless undisputed.<sup id="cite_ref-Broome_2004_loc=282_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Broome_2004_loc=282-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hence, the Turkish Cypriot identity is based on their ethnic Turkish roots and links to mainland Turkey, but also to their Cypriot character with cultural and linguistic similarities with Greek Cypriots.<sup id="cite_ref-Güven-Lisaniler_&_Leopoldo_2002_loc=183_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Güven-Lisaniler_&_Leopoldo_2002_loc=183-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their culture is heavily based on family ties linked to parents, siblings, and relatives; one's neighbourhood is also considered important as emphasis is given on helping those in need.<sup id="cite_ref-Broome_2004_loc=286_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Broome_2004_loc=286-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus, much of their lives revolves around social activities, and food is a central feature of gatherings. <a href="/wiki/Turkish_Cypriot_folk_dances" title="Turkish Cypriot folk dances">Turkish Cypriot folk dances</a>, music, and art are also integral parts of their culture.<sup id="cite_ref-Broome_2004_loc=286_76-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Broome_2004_loc=286-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkish_Cypriots&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Larnaca_01-2017_img30_Salt_Lake.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Larnaca_01-2017_img30_Salt_Lake.jpg/250px-Larnaca_01-2017_img30_Salt_Lake.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Larnaca_01-2017_img30_Salt_Lake.jpg/375px-Larnaca_01-2017_img30_Salt_Lake.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Larnaca_01-2017_img30_Salt_Lake.jpg/500px-Larnaca_01-2017_img30_Salt_Lake.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4765" data-file-height="3176" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Hala_Sultan_Tekke" title="Hala Sultan Tekke">Hala Sultan Tekke</a> was built by the Ottomans in the 18th century.</figcaption></figure> <p>The majority of Turkish Cypriots (99%) are <a href="/wiki/Sunni_Muslims" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunni Muslims">Sunni Muslims</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Boyle_and_Sheen_1997_loc=290_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boyle_and_Sheen_1997_loc=290-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the <a href="/wiki/Secularism" title="Secularism">secularizing</a> force of <a href="/wiki/Kemalism" title="Kemalism">Kemalism</a> has also exerted an impact on Turkish Cypriots.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Religious practices are considered a matter of individual choice and many do not actively practice their religion.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alcohol is frequently consumed within the community and most Turkish Cypriot women do not cover their heads.<sup id="cite_ref-Boyle_and_Sheen_1997_loc=290_77-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boyle_and_Sheen_1997_loc=290-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Turkish Cypriot males are generally <a href="/wiki/Religious_male_circumcision" class="mw-redirect" title="Religious male circumcision">circumcised</a> at a young age in accordance with religious beliefs, although, this practice appears more related to custom and tradition than to powerful religious motivation.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The social/religious phenomenon of <a href="/wiki/Crypto-Christianity" title="Crypto-Christianity">crypto-Christianity</a> was observed in Cyprus, as in other parts of the Ottoman Empire. The crypto-Christians of Cyprus were known as Linobambaki (= <i>of linen and cotton</i>). They are mentioned by foreign travellers as Turks who are secretly Greeks, observing the Greek Orthodox <a href="/wiki/Fasting" title="Fasting">fasting</a> (Turner 1815), drinking wine, eating pork and often taking Christian wives.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Language">Language</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkish_Cypriots&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Language"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Cypriot_Turkish" title="Cypriot Turkish">Cypriot Turkish</a> and <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Cyprus" title="Languages of Cyprus">Languages of Cyprus</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish language</a> was introduced to Cyprus with the Ottoman conquest in 1571 and became the politically dominant, prestigious language, of the administration.<sup id="cite_ref-Johanson_2011_loc=738_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Johanson_2011_loc=738-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the post-Ottoman period, Cypriot Turkish was relatively isolated from standard Turkish and had strong influences by the <a href="/wiki/Cypriot_Greek" title="Cypriot Greek">Cypriot Greek</a> dialect. The condition of coexistence with the Greek Cypriots led to a certain bilingualism whereby Turkish Cypriots' knowledge of <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a> was important in areas where the two communities lived and worked together.<sup id="cite_ref-Johanson_2011_loc=739_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Johanson_2011_loc=739-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to Prof. C. F. Beckingham (1957), in Cyprus religious and linguistic divisions do not always coincide. There were "Turkish",<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> i.e. Muslim villages in which the normal language was Greek. Among them were Lapithiou, Platanisto, Ayios Simeon<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Beckingham said that this phenomenon has not been adequately investigated.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeckingham1957166_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeckingham1957166-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The existence of Greek-speaking Muslims is also mentioned in subsequent works.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ozan Gülle (2014), "it is historically well documented that Turkish Cypriots showed large differences in their frequency of communication in Cypriot Greek [...]: On one end of the spectrum are Turkish Cypriots who were probably monolingual Cypriot Greek speakers or had only little competency in Turkish, ...".<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The linguistic situation changed radically in 1974, following the <a href="/wiki/Division_of_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Division of Cyprus">division of Cyprus</a> into a Greek south and a Turkish north. Today, the Cypriot Turkish dialect is being exposed to increasing standard Turkish through immigration from Turkey, new mass media, and new educational institutions.<sup id="cite_ref-Johanson_2011_loc=738_82-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Johanson_2011_loc=738-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nonetheless, a Turkish speaker familiar with the Cypriot Turkish variety of Turkish can still easily identify a member of the community from one who is not.<sup id="cite_ref-Güven-Lisaniler_&_Rodriguez_2002_loc=184_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Güven-Lisaniler_&_Rodriguez_2002_loc=184-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although many Turkish Cypriots command standard Turkish as well, they generally choose to use their own variety in particular contexts to affirm their identity. Most commonly, these differences are in pronunciation, but they extend to <a href="/wiki/Lexicon" title="Lexicon">lexicon</a> and grammatical structures as well.<sup id="cite_ref-Güven-Lisaniler_&_Rodriguez_2002_loc=184_89-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Güven-Lisaniler_&_Rodriguez_2002_loc=184-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are many words used by Turkish Cypriots that originate in the particular historical circumstances of the island, including <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> and Greek, and therefore have no precedent in standard Turkish. There are also words used by the Turkish Cypriot and Greek Cypriot communities which are authentically Cypriot in origin.<sup id="cite_ref-Güven-Lisaniler_&_Rodriguez_2002_loc=184_89-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Güven-Lisaniler_&_Rodriguez_2002_loc=184-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music_and_dances">Music and dances</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkish_Cypriots&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Music and dances"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Turkish_Cypriot_folk_dances" title="Turkish Cypriot folk dances">Turkish Cypriot folk dances</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1096940132">.mw-parser-output .listen .side-box-text{line-height:1.1em}.mw-parser-output .listen-plain{border:none;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded{width:100%;margin:0;border-width:1px 0 0 0;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-header{padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded .listen-header{padding:2px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen-file-header{padding:4px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen .description{padding-top:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen .mw-tmh-player{max-width:100%}@media(max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .listen{clear:both}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .listen:not(.listen-noimage){width:320px}.mw-parser-output .listen-left{overflow:visible;float:left}.mw-parser-output .listen-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right listen noprint"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/50px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/75px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/100px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Kibrisim-cropped.ogg" title="File:Kibrisim-cropped.ogg">Kıbrısım</a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="16" data-mwtitle="Kibrisim-cropped.ogg" data-mwprovider="local"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/a/ac/Kibrisim-cropped.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/transcoded/a/ac/Kibrisim-cropped.ogg/Kibrisim-cropped.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description"></div></div><hr /><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:G%C3%BCzelim-c...ogg" title="File:Güzelim-c...ogg">Güzelim</a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_1" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="21" data-mwtitle="Güzelim-c...ogg" data-mwprovider="local"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/8/85/G%C3%BCzelim-c...ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/transcoded/8/85/G%C3%BCzelim-c...ogg/G%C3%BCzelim-c...ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description"></div></div></div></div> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"><hr /><i class="selfreference">Problems playing these files? See <a href="/wiki/Help:Media" title="Help:Media">media help</a>.</i></div> </div> <p>Folk music and dancing is an integral part of social life among Turkish Cypriots. Traditional Turkish Cypriot folk dances can be divided into five categories: <a href="/wiki/Karsilama" class="mw-redirect" title="Karsilama">Karsilamas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Syrtos" title="Syrtos">Sirtos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zeybek_dance" class="mw-redirect" title="Zeybek dance">Zeybeks</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%87iftetelli" class="mw-redirect" title="Çiftetelli">Ciftetellis</a>/Arabiyes, and Topical Dances (such as Orak, Kozan, Kartal and Topal). The folk dancing groups usually have performances during national festivals, weddings, Turkish nights at hotels and within tourism areas. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkish_Cypriots&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Debates_on_the_Turkish_Cypriot_population_in_the_1970s">Debates on the Turkish Cypriot population in the 1970s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkish_Cypriots&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Debates on the Turkish Cypriot population in the 1970s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The 1960 census of Cyprus reported the Turkish Cypriot population as 18% of the total population. The figure was challenged during a 1978 debate in the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Parliament of the United Kingdom">British Parliament</a> when <a href="/wiki/William_Spens,_2nd_Baron_Spens" title="William Spens, 2nd Baron Spens">Lord Spens</a> stated that there were 400,000 Turkish Cypriots in Cyprus, at least one-fifth of the population.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2006_Census">2006 Census</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkish_Cypriots&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: 2006 Census"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to the 2006 Northern Cyprus Census, there were 145,443 Turkish Cypriots born on the island who were resident in Northern Cyprus (TRNC).<sup id="cite_ref-TRNC2006census_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TRNC2006census-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Of the Cypriot-born population, 120,007 had both parents born in Cyprus; 12,628 had one of their parents born in Cyprus and the other born in another country. Thus, 132,635 Turkish Cypriots had at least one parent born in Cyprus.<sup id="cite_ref-TRNC2006census_91-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TRNC2006census-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:right"> <tbody><tr> <th>Place of birth </th> <th>Turkish Cypriot<br /> population </th> <th>Male </th> <th>Female </th></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><b>North Cyprus</b></td> <td><b>112,534</b></td> <td><b>56,332</b></td> <td><b>56,202</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Lefko%C5%9Fa_District" title="Lefkoşa District">Lefkoşa</a></td> <td>54,077</td> <td>27,043</td> <td>27,034 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Gazima%C4%9Fusa_District" title="Gazimağusa District">Gazimağusa</a></td> <td>32,264</td> <td>16,151</td> <td>16,113 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Girne_District" title="Girne District">Girne</a></td> <td>10,178</td> <td>5,168</td> <td>5,010 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCzelyurt_District" title="Güzelyurt District">Güzelyurt</a></td> <td>10,241</td> <td>5,013</td> <td>5,228 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0skele_District" title="İskele District">İskele</a></td> <td>4,617</td> <td>2,356</td> <td>2,261 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">District not indicated</td> <td>1,157</td> <td>601</td> <td>556 </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:ltgray"> <td align="left"><b>South Cyprus</b></td> <td><b>32,538</b></td> <td><b>15,411</b></td> <td><b>17,127</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Nicosia_District" title="Nicosia District">Nicosia</a> (Lefkoşa)</td> <td>3,544</td> <td>1,646</td> <td>1,898 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Famagusta_District" title="Famagusta District">Famagusta</a> (Gazimağusa)</td> <td>1,307</td> <td>598</td> <td>709 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Larnaca_District" title="Larnaca District">Larnaca</a> (Larnaka)</td> <td>6,492</td> <td>3,031</td> <td>3,461 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Limassol_District" title="Limassol District">Limassol</a> (Limasol)</td> <td>9,067</td> <td>4,314</td> <td>4,753 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Paphos_District" title="Paphos District">Paphos</a> (Baf)</td> <td>11,955</td> <td>5,750</td> <td>6,205 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">District not indicated</td> <td>173</td> <td>72</td> <td>101 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><b>Cyprus – North or South region not indicated</b></td> <td><b>371</b></td> <td><b>178</b></td> <td><b>193</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><b>Total</b></td> <td><b>145,443</b></td> <td><b>71,921</b></td> <td><b>73,522</b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2011_Census">2011 Census</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkish_Cypriots&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: 2011 Census"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to the 2011 Northern Cyprus Census, there were 160,207 Turkish Cypriots born on the island who were resident in North Cyprus (TRNC).<sup id="cite_ref-TRNC2011census_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TRNC2011census-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:right"> <tbody><tr> <th>Place of birth </th> <th>Turkish Cypriot<br /> population<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>Male </th> <th>Female </th></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><b>North Cyprus</b></td> <td><b>131,423</b></td> <td><b>65,880</b></td> <td><b>65,543</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Lefko%C5%9Fa_District" title="Lefkoşa District">Lefkoşa</a></td> <td>66,833</td> <td>33,306</td> <td>33,527 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Gazima%C4%9Fusa_District" title="Gazimağusa District">Gazimağusa</a></td> <td>37,027</td> <td>18,634</td> <td>18,393 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Girne_District" title="Girne District">Girne</a></td> <td>12,719</td> <td>6,477</td> <td>6,242 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCzelyurt_District" title="Güzelyurt District">Güzelyurt</a></td> <td>10,457</td> <td>5,158</td> <td>5,299 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0skele_District" title="İskele District">İskele</a></td> <td>4,387</td> <td>2,305</td> <td>2,082 </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:ltgray"> <td align="left"><b>South Cyprus</b></td> <td><b>28,784</b></td> <td><b>13,615</b></td> <td><b>15,169</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Nicosia_District" title="Nicosia District">Nicosia</a> (Lefkoşa)</td> <td>2,958</td> <td>1,412</td> <td>1,546 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Famagusta_District" title="Famagusta District">Famagusta</a> (Gazimağusa)</td> <td>237</td> <td>104</td> <td>133 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Larnaca_District" title="Larnaca District">Larnaca</a> (Larnaka)</td> <td>5,872</td> <td>2,760</td> <td>3,112 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Limassol_District" title="Limassol District">Limassol</a> (Limasol)</td> <td>8,579</td> <td>4,031</td> <td>4,548 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Paphos_District" title="Paphos District">Paphos</a> (Baf)</td> <td>11,138</td> <td>5,308</td> <td>5,830 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><b>Total</b></td> <td><b>160,207</b></td> <td><b>79,495</b></td> <td><b>80,712</b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Diaspora">Diaspora</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkish_Cypriots&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Diaspora"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Turkish_Cypriot_diaspora" title="Turkish Cypriot diaspora">Turkish Cypriot diaspora</a></div> <p>There was significant Turkish Cypriot emigration from the island during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, mainly to Great Britain, Australia, and Turkey. Emigration from Cyprus has mainly been for economical and political reasons. According to the TRNC Ministry of Foreign Affairs, in 2001, 500,000 Turkish Cypriots were living in Turkey; 200,000 in Great Britain; 40,000 in Australia; some 10,000 in North America; and 5,000 in other countries.<sup id="cite_ref-TRNCInfo_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TRNCInfo-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A more recent estimate, in 2011, by the <a href="/wiki/Home_Affairs_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Home Affairs Committee">Home Affairs Committee</a> states that there are now 300,000 Turkish Cypriots living in the United Kingdom<sup id="cite_ref-HomeAffairsCommittee_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HomeAffairsCommittee-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though Turkish Cypriots themselves claim that the British-Turkish Cypriot community has reached 400,000.<sup id="cite_ref-StarKibris_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-StarKibris-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Furthermore, recent estimates suggest that there are between 60,000 and 120,000 Turkish Cypriots living in Australia,<sup id="cite_ref-StarK_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-StarK-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-StarKibris_15-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-StarKibris-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BRT_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BRT-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 5,000 in the United States, 2,000 in Germany, 1,800 in Canada, 1,600 in New Zealand, and a smaller community in South Africa.<sup id="cite_ref-StarK_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-StarK-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Turkey">Turkey</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkish_Cypriots&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Turkey"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Muhacir" title="Muhacir">Muhacir</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:T%C3%BCrkiye%E2%80%99ye_g%C3%B6%C3%A7_eden_bir_K%C4%B1br%C4%B1sl%C4%B1_T%C3%BCrk_ailesi_(1930).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/T%C3%BCrkiye%E2%80%99ye_g%C3%B6%C3%A7_eden_bir_K%C4%B1br%C4%B1sl%C4%B1_T%C3%BCrk_ailesi_%281930%29.jpg/200px-T%C3%BCrkiye%E2%80%99ye_g%C3%B6%C3%A7_eden_bir_K%C4%B1br%C4%B1sl%C4%B1_T%C3%BCrk_ailesi_%281930%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="314" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/T%C3%BCrkiye%E2%80%99ye_g%C3%B6%C3%A7_eden_bir_K%C4%B1br%C4%B1sl%C4%B1_T%C3%BCrk_ailesi_%281930%29.jpg/300px-T%C3%BCrkiye%E2%80%99ye_g%C3%B6%C3%A7_eden_bir_K%C4%B1br%C4%B1sl%C4%B1_T%C3%BCrk_ailesi_%281930%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b8/T%C3%BCrkiye%E2%80%99ye_g%C3%B6%C3%A7_eden_bir_K%C4%B1br%C4%B1sl%C4%B1_T%C3%BCrk_ailesi_%281930%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="627" /></a><figcaption>A Turkish Cypriot family who migrated to Turkey in 1935</figcaption></figure> <p>The first mass migration of Turkish Cypriots to Turkey occurred in 1878 when the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> leased Cyprus to Great Britain. The flow of Turkish Cypriot emigration to Turkey continued in the aftermath of the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a>, and gained its greatest velocity in the mid-1920s. Economic motives played an important part of the continued migration to Turkey because conditions for the poor in Cyprus during the 1920s were especially harsh. Thereafter, Turkish Cypriots continued to migrate to Turkey during the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a> in the 1940s and during the <a href="/wiki/Cyprus_conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyprus conflict">Cyprus conflict</a> of the 1960s and 1970s. </p><p>Initially, enthusiasm to emigrate to Turkey was inflated by the euphoria that greeted the birth of the newly established Republic of Turkey and later of promises of assistance to Turks who emigrated. A decision taken by the Turkish Government at the end of 1925, for instance, noted that the Turks of Cyprus had, according to the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Lausanne" title="Treaty of Lausanne">Treaty of Lausanne</a>, the right to emigrate to the republic, and therefore, families that so emigrated would be given a house and sufficient land.<sup id="cite_ref-Nevzat_2005_loc=276_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nevzat_2005_loc=276-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The precise number of those who emigrated to Turkey is a matter that remains unknown.<sup id="cite_ref-Nevzat_2005_loc=280_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nevzat_2005_loc=280-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The press in Turkey reported in mid-1927 that of those who had opted for Turkish nationality, 5,000–6,000 Turkish Cypriots had already settled in Turkey. However, many Turkish Cypriots had already emigrated even before the rights accorded to them under the Treaty of Lausanne had come into force.<sup id="cite_ref-Nevzat_2005_loc=281_96-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nevzat_2005_loc=281-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Metin Heper and Bilge Criss have summarized the migration of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century as follows: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The first wave of immigration from Cyprus occurred in 1878 when the Ottomans were obliged to lease the island to Great Britain; at that time, 15,000 people moved to Anatolia. When the 1923 Lausanne Treaty gave the island to Great Britain another 30,000 immigrants came to Turkey.<sup id="cite_ref-Heper_&_Criss_2009_loc=92_47-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Heper_&_Criss_2009_loc=92-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>St. John-Jones has analyzed the migration of Turkish Cypriots during early British rule further: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>"[I]f the Turkish-Cypriot community had, like the Greek-Cypriots, increased by 101 percent between 1881 and 1931, it would have totalled 91,300 in 1931 – 27,000 more than the number enumerated. Is it possible that so many Turkish-Cypriots emigrated in the fifty-year period? Taken together, the considerations just mentioned suggest that it probably was. From a base of 45,000 in 1881, emigration of anything like 27,000 persons seems huge, but after subtracting the known 5,000 of the 1920s, the balance represents an average annual outflow of some 500 – not enough, probably, to concern the community’s leaders, evoke official comment, or be documented in any way which survives today".<sup id="cite_ref-St._John-Jones_1983_loc=56_58-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-St._John-Jones_1983_loc=56-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>The Turkish Cypriot population in Turkey continued to increase at fluctuating speeds as a result of the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a> (1939–1945).<sup id="cite_ref-Nevzat_2005_loc=276_94-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nevzat_2005_loc=276-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Ali Suat Bilge, taking into consideration the mass migrations of 1878, the First World War, the 1920s early Turkish Republican era, and the Second World War, overall, a total of approximately 100,000 Turkish Cypriots had left the island for Turkey between 1878 and 1945.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 31 August 1955, a statement by Turkey's Minister of State and Acting Foreign Minister, <a href="/wiki/Fatin_R%C3%BC%C5%9Ft%C3%BC_Zorlu" title="Fatin Rüştü Zorlu">Fatin Rüştü Zorlu</a>, at the London Conference on Cyprus, estimated that the total Turkish Cypriot population (including descendants) in Turkey had reached 300,000: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Consequently, today [1955] as well, when we take into account the state of the population in Cyprus, it is not sufficient to say, for instance, that 100,000 Turks live there. One should rather say that 100,000 live there and that 300,000 Turkish Cypriots live in various parts of Turkey.<sup id="cite_ref-OPSI_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OPSI-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>By 2001 the TRNC Ministry of Foreign Affairs estimated that 500,000 Turkish Cypriots were living in Turkey.<sup id="cite_ref-TRNCInfo_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TRNCInfo-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Palestine">Palestine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkish_Cypriots&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Palestine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Turkish Cypriots who remained in <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a> during the early twentieth century were faced with the harsh economic conditions of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a> under British rule. Consequently, many families in the poorest villages, facing debt and starvation, married off their daughters to <a href="/wiki/Arabs" title="Arabs">Arabs</a> mainly in <a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine" title="Mandatory Palestine">British Palestine</a>, and other Arab countries,<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the hope that they would have a better life.<sup id="cite_ref-Andreou_2018_100-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Andreou_2018-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Paraskos_2015_101-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paraskos_2015-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A <a href="/wiki/Bride_price" title="Bride price">bride price</a> was normally given by the groom to the family of the girls, usually about £10–20, enough to buy several acres of land at the time, as part of the marriage arrangements.<sup id="cite_ref-Paraskos_2015_101-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paraskos_2015-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Such payments had not been part of Cypriot tradition, and Cypriots typically describe the girls in these forced marriages as having been "sold"; Arabs however, often object to this characterization.<sup id="cite_ref-Andreou_2018_100-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Andreou_2018-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mostly between the ages of 11–18, the majority of the girls lost contact with their families in Cyprus, and while some had successful marriages and families, others found themselves little more than domestic servants, abused, or ended up working in brothels.<sup id="cite_ref-Paraskos_2015_101-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paraskos_2015-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The marriages were sometimes arranged by brokers, who presented the prospective husbands as wealthy doctors and engineers. However, <a href="/wiki/Neriman_Cahit" title="Neriman Cahit">Neriman Cahit</a>, in her book <i>Brides for Sale</i>, found that in reality many of these men had mediocre jobs or were already married with children. Unaware of these realities, Turkish Cypriot families continued to send their daughters to Palestine until the 1950s. Cahit estimates that within 30 years up to 4,000 Turkish Cypriot women were sent to Palestine to be married to Arab men.<sup id="cite_ref-Sabah_103-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sabah-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In recent years second and third generation Palestinians of Turkish Cypriot origin have been applying for Cypriot citizenship; several hundred Palestinians have already been successful in obtaining Cypriot passports.<sup id="cite_ref-Sabah_103-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sabah-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2012 Yeliz Shukri and Stavros Papageorghiou secured financial support for the making of a film on the subject of the "Forgotten Brides".<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The documentary, entitled <i>Missing Fetine</i>, was released in 2018, and follows the search of Australian-born Turkish Cypriot Pembe Mentesh for her long-lost great-aunt, while investigating the fate of these Turkish Cypriot women.<sup id="cite_ref-Andreou_2018_100-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Andreou_2018-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_Kingdom">United Kingdom</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkish_Cypriots&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: United Kingdom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Turks_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Turks in the United Kingdom">Turks in the United Kingdom</a> and <a href="/wiki/British_Cypriots" title="British Cypriots">British Cypriots</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kibrisyur.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Kibrisyur.jpg/250px-Kibrisyur.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Kibrisyur.jpg/375px-Kibrisyur.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Kibrisyur.jpg/500px-Kibrisyur.jpg 2x" data-file-width="639" data-file-height="441" /></a><figcaption>There is a strong Turkish Cypriot community in London.</figcaption></figure> <p>Turkish Cypriot migration to the United Kingdom began in the early 1920s, the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a> having formally annexed Cyprus in 1914, with the residents of <a href="/wiki/British_Cyprus" title="British Cyprus">British-ruled Cyprus</a> becoming subjects of <a href="/wiki/The_Crown" title="The Crown">the Crown</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Yilmaz_2005_loc=153_106-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yilmaz_2005_loc=153-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some arrived as students and tourists, while others left the island due to the harsh economic and political life during the British colony of Cyprus.<sup id="cite_ref-Sonyel_2000_loc=147_63-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sonyel_2000_loc=147-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Emigration to the United Kingdom continued to increase when the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a> of 1929 brought <a href="/wiki/Economic_depression" title="Economic depression">economic depression</a> to Cyprus, with unemployment and low wages being a significant issue.<sup id="cite_ref-Yilmaz_2005_loc=154_107-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yilmaz_2005_loc=154-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>, the number of Turkish run cafes increased from 20 in 1939 to 200 in 1945 which created a demand for more Turkish Cypriot workers.<sup id="cite_ref-Ansari_2004_loc=151_108-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ansari_2004_loc=151-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Throughout the 1950s, Turkish Cypriots emigrated for economic reasons and by 1958 their number was estimated to be 8,500.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their numbers continued to increase each year as rumours about immigration restrictions appeared in much of the Cypriot media.<sup id="cite_ref-Yilmaz_2005_loc=154_107-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yilmaz_2005_loc=154-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 1950s also saw the arrival of many Turkish Cypriots to the United Kingdom due to political reasons; many began to flee as a result of the <a href="/wiki/EOKA" title="EOKA">EOKA</a> struggle and its aim of "<a href="/wiki/Enosis" title="Enosis">enosis</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-Sonyel_2000_loc=147_63-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sonyel_2000_loc=147-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Once the ethnic cleansing broke out in 1963, and some 25,000 Turkish Cypriots became internally displaced, accounting to about a fifth of their population.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The political and economic unrest in Cyprus, after 1964, sharply increased the number of Turkish Cypriot immigrants to the United Kingdom.<sup id="cite_ref-Yilmaz_2005_loc=154_107-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yilmaz_2005_loc=154-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many of these early migrants worked in the clothing industry in London, where both men and women could work together; many worked in the <a href="/wiki/Textile_industry" title="Textile industry">textile industry</a> as sewing was a skill which the community had already acquired in Cyprus.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Turkish Cypriots were concentrated mainly in the north-east of London and specialised in the heavy-wear sector, such as coats and tailored garments.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This sector offered work opportunities where poor knowledge of the English language was not a problem and where self-employment was a possibility.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Once the Turkish Cypriots declared their own state, the <a href="/wiki/Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus">Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus</a>, the division of the island led to an economic <a href="/wiki/Embargo_against_Northern_Cyprus" title="Embargo against Northern Cyprus">embargo against the Turkish Cypriots</a> by the Greek Cypriot controlled Republic of Cyprus. This had the effect of depriving the Turkish Cypriots of foreign investment, aid and export markets; thus, it caused the <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Northern_Cyprus" title="Economy of Northern Cyprus">Turkish Cypriot economy</a> to remain stagnant and undeveloped.<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to these economic and political issues, an estimated 130,000 Turkish Cypriots have emigrated from Northern Cyprus since its establishment to the United Kingdom.<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origins">Origins</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkish_Cypriots&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following geological separation of Cyprus from Anatolia, the first people to live in Cyprus came from Anatolia.<sup id="cite_ref-Ömen_2022_118-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ömen_2022-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Before Ottoman rule, Turks came from both Anatolia and Egypt.<sup id="cite_ref-Ömen_2022_118-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ömen_2022-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to İsmail Bozkurt, the majority of Turkish Cypriots are of Yörük/Türkmen origin from Anatolia, who came after the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman%E2%80%93Venetian_War_(1570%E2%80%931573)#Ottoman_conquest_of_Cyprus" title="Ottoman–Venetian War (1570–1573)">Ottoman conquest of the island in 1571</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Genetic_studies">Genetic studies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkish_Cypriots&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Genetic studies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Genetic_studies_on_Turkish_people" title="Genetic studies on Turkish people">Genetic studies on Turkish people</a> and <a href="/wiki/Greek_Cypriots#Genetic_studies" title="Greek Cypriots">Greek Cypriots § Genetic studies</a></div> <p>According to genetic studies, there are close connections between modern Anatolian and Cypriot populations.<sup id="cite_ref-Gurkan_et_al_2016_120-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gurkan_et_al_2016-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 2016 study, which focused on <a href="/wiki/Human_Y-chromosome_DNA_haplogroup" title="Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup">patrilineal ancestry</a>, found that among the sampled Near Eastern and Southeastern European populations, Turkish Cypriots had the shortest genetic distances with those from Cyprus, Turkey, Lebanon, Greece, and Sicily.<sup id="cite_ref-Gurkan_et_al_2016_120-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gurkan_et_al_2016-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A 2017 study found that both Turkish Cypriots' and Greek Cypriots' patrilineal ancestry derives primarily from a single pre-Ottoman local gene pool. The frequency of total haplotypes shared<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> between Turkish and Greek Cypriots is 7-8%, with analysis showing that none of these are found in Turkey, thus not supporting a Turkish origin for the shared haplotypes. No shared haplotypes were observed between Greek Cypriots and mainland Turkish populations, while total haplotypes shared between Turkish Cypriots and mainland Turks is 3%. Turkish Cypriots also share haplotypes with North Africans to a lesser extent, and have Eastern Eurasian haplogroups (H, C, N, O, Q) – attributed to the arrival of the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Turks" title="Ottoman Turks">Ottomans</a> – at a frequency of ~5.5%. Both Cypriot groups show close genetic affinity to <a href="/wiki/Calabria" title="Calabria">Calabrian</a> (southern Italy) and <a href="/wiki/Lebanese_people" title="Lebanese people">Lebanese</a> patrilineages. The study states that the genetic affinity between Calabrians and Cypriots can be explained as a result of a common ancient Greek (<a href="/wiki/Achaeans_(tribe)" title="Achaeans (tribe)">Achaean</a>) genetic contribution, while Lebanese affinity can be explained through several migrations that took place from coastal Levant to Cyprus from the Neolithic (early farmers), the Iron Age (Phoenicians), and the Middle Ages (Maronites and other Levantine settlers during the Frankish era). The predominant haplogroups among both Turkish and Greek Cypriots are J2a-M410, E-M78, and G2-P287.<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In a 2019 <a href="/wiki/Genome-wide_association_study" title="Genome-wide association study">genome-wide</a> study, Cypriot samples grouped with people from the Levant (Druze, Lebanese and Syrians) and Armenia among the sampled populations from <a href="/wiki/Eurasia" title="Eurasia">Eurasia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a>, using <a href="/wiki/Cluster_analysis" title="Cluster analysis">cluster analysis</a> based on haplotype-sharing patterns.<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Homozygous <a href="/wiki/Beta_thalassemia" title="Beta thalassemia">beta thalassemia</a> in a number of at-risk populations (Greek and Turkish Cypriots, Greeks, Continental Italians and Sardinians) has been prevented at the population level by programmes based on carrier screening, genetic counselling and prenatal diagnosis.<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_Turkish_Cypriots">Notable Turkish Cypriots</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkish_Cypriots&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Notable Turkish Cypriots"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Turkish_Cypriots" title="List of Turkish Cypriots">List of Turkish Cypriots</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_Cyprus">In Cyprus</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkish_Cypriots&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: In Cyprus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kamran_Aziz.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kamran Aziz, first female Turkish Cypriot composer and pharmacist"><img alt="Kamran Aziz, first female Turkish Cypriot composer and pharmacist" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Kamran_Aziz.jpg/90px-Kamran_Aziz.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Kamran_Aziz.jpg/135px-Kamran_Aziz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Kamran_Aziz.jpg/180px-Kamran_Aziz.jpg 2x" data-file-width="546" data-file-height="728" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Kamran_Aziz" title="Kamran Aziz">Kamran Aziz</a>, first female Turkish Cypriot composer and pharmacist</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mehmet_Aziz_(1893-1991).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mehmet Aziz, Chief Health Inspector in British Cyprus who eradicated malaria in Cyprus"><img alt="Mehmet Aziz, Chief Health Inspector in British Cyprus who eradicated malaria in Cyprus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Mehmet_Aziz_%281893-1991%29.jpg/75px-Mehmet_Aziz_%281893-1991%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Mehmet_Aziz_%281893-1991%29.jpg/113px-Mehmet_Aziz_%281893-1991%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Mehmet_Aziz_%281893-1991%29.jpg/151px-Mehmet_Aziz_%281893-1991%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="604" data-file-height="960" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Mehmet_Aziz" title="Mehmet Aziz">Mehmet Aziz</a>, Chief Health Inspector in <a href="/wiki/British_Cyprus" title="British Cyprus">British Cyprus</a> who eradicated <a href="/wiki/Malaria" title="Malaria">malaria</a> in Cyprus</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rauf_Denktash.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Rauf Denktaş, first President of Northern Cyprus (1983–2005)"><img alt="Rauf Denktaş, first President of Northern Cyprus (1983–2005)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Rauf_Denktash.jpg/92px-Rauf_Denktash.jpg" decoding="async" width="92" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Rauf_Denktash.jpg/139px-Rauf_Denktash.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Rauf_Denktash.jpg/185px-Rauf_Denktash.jpg 2x" data-file-width="493" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Rauf_Denkta%C5%9F" title="Rauf Denktaş">Rauf Denktaş</a>, first President of <a href="/wiki/Northern_Cyprus" title="Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a> (1983–2005)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%C4%B0smet_Vehit_G%C3%BCney_-_Turkish_Cypriot_Artist.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="İsmet Güney, artist and creator of the Flag of the Republic of Cyprus"><img alt="İsmet Güney, artist and creator of the Flag of the Republic of Cyprus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/%C4%B0smet_Vehit_G%C3%BCney_-_Turkish_Cypriot_Artist.JPG/120px-%C4%B0smet_Vehit_G%C3%BCney_-_Turkish_Cypriot_Artist.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/%C4%B0smet_Vehit_G%C3%BCney_-_Turkish_Cypriot_Artist.JPG/180px-%C4%B0smet_Vehit_G%C3%BCney_-_Turkish_Cypriot_Artist.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/95/%C4%B0smet_Vehit_G%C3%BCney_-_Turkish_Cypriot_Artist.JPG 2x" data-file-width="202" data-file-height="202" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0smet_G%C3%BCney" title="İsmet Güney">İsmet Güney</a>, artist and creator of the <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Cyprus" title="Flag of Cyprus">Flag of the Republic of Cyprus</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dr._Suat_G%C3%BCnsel.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Suat Günsel, billionaire; founder of the Near East University"><img alt="Suat Günsel, billionaire; founder of the Near East University" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Dr._Suat_G%C3%BCnsel.jpg/106px-Dr._Suat_G%C3%BCnsel.jpg" decoding="async" width="106" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Dr._Suat_G%C3%BCnsel.jpg/159px-Dr._Suat_G%C3%BCnsel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Dr._Suat_G%C3%BCnsel.jpg/212px-Dr._Suat_G%C3%BCnsel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="678" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Suat_G%C3%BCnsel" title="Suat Günsel">Suat Günsel</a>, billionaire; founder of the <a href="/wiki/Near_East_University" title="Near East University">Near East University</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F014934-0068,_Fazil_Kutschuk.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Dr.Fazıl Küçük, first Vice President of the Republic of Cyprus (1959–1973)"><img alt="Dr.Fazıl Küçük, first Vice President of the Republic of Cyprus (1959–1973)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F014934-0068%2C_Fazil_Kutschuk.jpg/78px-Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F014934-0068%2C_Fazil_Kutschuk.jpg" decoding="async" width="78" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F014934-0068%2C_Fazil_Kutschuk.jpg/117px-Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F014934-0068%2C_Fazil_Kutschuk.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F014934-0068%2C_Fazil_Kutschuk.jpg/156px-Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F014934-0068%2C_Fazil_Kutschuk.jpg 2x" data-file-width="504" data-file-height="776" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Dr.<a href="/wiki/Faz%C4%B1l_K%C3%BC%C3%A7%C3%BCk" title="Fazıl Küçük">Fazıl Küçük</a>, first Vice President of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Cyprus">Republic of Cyprus</a> (1959–1973)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:F70A8819_(48863661448).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Niyazi Kızılyürek, political scientist and first Turkish Cypriot elected as an MEP (2019–present)"><img alt="Niyazi Kızılyürek, political scientist and first Turkish Cypriot elected as an MEP (2019–present)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/F70A8819_%2848863661448%29.jpg/80px-F70A8819_%2848863661448%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/F70A8819_%2848863661448%29.jpg/120px-F70A8819_%2848863661448%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/F70A8819_%2848863661448%29.jpg/160px-F70A8819_%2848863661448%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3840" data-file-height="5760" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Niyazi_K%C4%B1z%C4%B1ly%C3%BCrek" title="Niyazi Kızılyürek">Niyazi Kızılyürek</a>, political scientist and first Turkish Cypriot elected as an <a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Member of the European Parliament">MEP</a> (2019–present)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kaytazzade_Mehmet_Naz%C4%B1m.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kaytazzade Mehmet Nazım, poet"><img alt="Kaytazzade Mehmet Nazım, poet" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Kaytazzade_Mehmet_Naz%C4%B1m.jpg/72px-Kaytazzade_Mehmet_Naz%C4%B1m.jpg" decoding="async" width="72" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Kaytazzade_Mehmet_Naz%C4%B1m.jpg/108px-Kaytazzade_Mehmet_Naz%C4%B1m.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Kaytazzade_Mehmet_Naz%C4%B1m.jpg/144px-Kaytazzade_Mehmet_Naz%C4%B1m.jpg 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="583" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Kaytazzade_Mehmet_Naz%C4%B1m" title="Kaytazzade Mehmet Nazım">Kaytazzade Mehmet Nazım</a>, poet</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mehmed-emin-pasa-kibrisli-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kıbrıslı Mehmed Emin Pasha, Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire (1854; 1859; and 1860–61)"><img alt="Kıbrıslı Mehmed Emin Pasha, Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire (1854; 1859; and 1860–61)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Mehmed-emin-pasa-kibrisli-1.jpg/81px-Mehmed-emin-pasa-kibrisli-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="81" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Mehmed-emin-pasa-kibrisli-1.jpg/122px-Mehmed-emin-pasa-kibrisli-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Mehmed-emin-pasa-kibrisli-1.jpg/162px-Mehmed-emin-pasa-kibrisli-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="424" data-file-height="627" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/K%C4%B1br%C4%B1sl%C4%B1_Mehmed_Emin_Pasha" title="Kıbrıslı Mehmed Emin Pasha">Kıbrıslı Mehmed Emin Pasha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grand_Vizier" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Vizier">Grand Vizier</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> (1854; 1859; and 1860–61)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mehmed_Kamil_Pasha.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kâmil Pasha, Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire (1885-1891; 1895; 1908–09; and 1912–13)"><img alt="Kâmil Pasha, Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire (1885-1891; 1895; 1908–09; and 1912–13)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Mehmed_Kamil_Pasha.jpg/93px-Mehmed_Kamil_Pasha.jpg" decoding="async" width="93" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Mehmed_Kamil_Pasha.jpg/139px-Mehmed_Kamil_Pasha.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Mehmed_Kamil_Pasha.jpg/186px-Mehmed_Kamil_Pasha.jpg 2x" data-file-width="468" data-file-height="605" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/K%C3%A2mil_Pasha" title="Kâmil Pasha">Kâmil Pasha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grand_Vizier" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Vizier">Grand Vizier</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> (1885-1891; 1895; 1908–09; and 1912–13)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ziynet.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ziynet Sali, singer"><img alt="Ziynet Sali, singer" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Ziynet.jpg/72px-Ziynet.jpg" decoding="async" width="72" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Ziynet.jpg/109px-Ziynet.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Ziynet.jpg/145px-Ziynet.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1244" data-file-height="2056" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Ziynet_Sali" title="Ziynet Sali">Ziynet Sali</a>, singer</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sibel_Siber_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sibel Siber, first female Prime Minister of Northern Cyprus (2013)"><img alt="Sibel Siber, first female Prime Minister of Northern Cyprus (2013)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Sibel_Siber_%28cropped%29.jpg/83px-Sibel_Siber_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="83" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Sibel_Siber_%28cropped%29.jpg/124px-Sibel_Siber_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Sibel_Siber_%28cropped%29.jpg/166px-Sibel_Siber_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="359" data-file-height="520" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Sibel_Siber" title="Sibel Siber">Sibel Siber</a>, first female Prime Minister of <a href="/wiki/Northern_Cyprus" title="Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a> (2013)</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_the_diaspora">In the diaspora</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkish_Cypriots&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: In the diaspora"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:20180601_FIFA_Friendly_Match_Czech_Republic_vs._Australia_Aziz_Behich_850_0277.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Aziz Behich, Australian-born football player"><img alt="Aziz Behich, Australian-born football player" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/20180601_FIFA_Friendly_Match_Czech_Republic_vs._Australia_Aziz_Behich_850_0277.jpg/80px-20180601_FIFA_Friendly_Match_Czech_Republic_vs._Australia_Aziz_Behich_850_0277.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/20180601_FIFA_Friendly_Match_Czech_Republic_vs._Australia_Aziz_Behich_850_0277.jpg/120px-20180601_FIFA_Friendly_Match_Czech_Republic_vs._Australia_Aziz_Behich_850_0277.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/20180601_FIFA_Friendly_Match_Czech_Republic_vs._Australia_Aziz_Behich_850_0277.jpg/160px-20180601_FIFA_Friendly_Match_Czech_Republic_vs._Australia_Aziz_Behich_850_0277.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1474" data-file-height="2211" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Aziz_Behich" title="Aziz Behich">Aziz Behich</a>, Australian-born football player</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bicar_playing_the_lute_by_Ahmad_Sabry.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hussein Bicar, Egyptian-born artist[123]"><img alt="Hussein Bicar, Egyptian-born artist[123]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Bicar_playing_the_lute_by_Ahmad_Sabry.jpg/120px-Bicar_playing_the_lute_by_Ahmad_Sabry.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Bicar_playing_the_lute_by_Ahmad_Sabry.jpg/180px-Bicar_playing_the_lute_by_Ahmad_Sabry.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Bicar_playing_the_lute_by_Ahmad_Sabry.jpg/240px-Bicar_playing_the_lute_by_Ahmad_Sabry.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="830" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Hussein_Bicar" title="Hussein Bicar">Hussein Bicar</a>, Egyptian-born artist<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hussein_Chalayan_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hussein Chalayan, Turkish Cypriot-born British fashion designer"><img alt="Hussein Chalayan, Turkish Cypriot-born British fashion designer" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Hussein_Chalayan_portrait.jpg/79px-Hussein_Chalayan_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="79" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Hussein_Chalayan_portrait.jpg/119px-Hussein_Chalayan_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Hussein_Chalayan_portrait.jpg/159px-Hussein_Chalayan_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2390" data-file-height="3600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Hussein_Chalayan" title="Hussein Chalayan">Hussein Chalayan</a>, Turkish Cypriot-born British fashion designer</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tracey_Emin_1-cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tracey Emin, CBE, RA, British-born artist"><img alt="Tracey Emin, CBE, RA, British-born artist" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Tracey_Emin_1-cropped.jpg/89px-Tracey_Emin_1-cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="89" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Tracey_Emin_1-cropped.jpg/134px-Tracey_Emin_1-cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Tracey_Emin_1-cropped.jpg/178px-Tracey_Emin_1-cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1031" data-file-height="1387" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Tracey_Emin" title="Tracey Emin">Tracey Emin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_British_Empire" title="Order of the British Empire">CBE</a>, <a href="/wiki/Associate_of_the_Royal_Academy" class="mw-redirect" title="Associate of the Royal Academy">RA</a>, British-born artist</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Halil_Guven_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Halil Güven, Turkish Cypriot-born American Dean of San Diego State University - Georgia"><img alt="Halil Güven, Turkish Cypriot-born American Dean of San Diego State University - Georgia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Halil_Guven_2.jpg/95px-Halil_Guven_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="95" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Halil_Guven_2.jpg/142px-Halil_Guven_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Halil_Guven_2.jpg/190px-Halil_Guven_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="380" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Halil_G%C3%BCven" title="Halil Güven">Halil Güven</a>, Turkish Cypriot-born American Dean of <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_State_University_Georgia_Campus" title="San Diego State University Georgia Campus">San Diego State University - Georgia</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Official_portrait_of_Baroness_Hussein-Ece_crop_2,_2019.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Meral Hussein-Ece, British-born member of the House of Lords"><img alt="Meral Hussein-Ece, British-born member of the House of Lords" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Official_portrait_of_Baroness_Hussein-Ece_crop_2%2C_2019.jpg/90px-Official_portrait_of_Baroness_Hussein-Ece_crop_2%2C_2019.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Official_portrait_of_Baroness_Hussein-Ece_crop_2%2C_2019.jpg/135px-Official_portrait_of_Baroness_Hussein-Ece_crop_2%2C_2019.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Official_portrait_of_Baroness_Hussein-Ece_crop_2%2C_2019.jpg/180px-Official_portrait_of_Baroness_Hussein-Ece_crop_2%2C_2019.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Meral_Hussein-Ece,_Baroness_Hussein-Ece" title="Meral Hussein-Ece, Baroness Hussein-Ece">Meral Hussein-Ece</a>, British-born member of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Lords" title="House of Lords">House of Lords</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hal_Ozsan.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hal Ozsan, Turkish Cypriot-born British and American actor"><img alt="Hal Ozsan, Turkish Cypriot-born British and American actor" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Hal_Ozsan.jpg/61px-Hal_Ozsan.jpg" decoding="async" width="61" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Hal_Ozsan.jpg/92px-Hal_Ozsan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Hal_Ozsan.jpg/123px-Hal_Ozsan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="972" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Hal_Ozsan" title="Hal Ozsan">Hal Ozsan</a>, Turkish Cypriot-born British and American actor </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Isin_karaca_by_cem_bayoglu_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Işın Karaca, British-born Turkish Cypriot singer"><img alt="Işın Karaca, British-born Turkish Cypriot singer" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Isin_karaca_by_cem_bayoglu_2.jpg/111px-Isin_karaca_by_cem_bayoglu_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="111" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Isin_karaca_by_cem_bayoglu_2.jpg/166px-Isin_karaca_by_cem_bayoglu_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Isin_karaca_by_cem_bayoglu_2.jpg/222px-Isin_karaca_by_cem_bayoglu_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2774" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/I%C5%9F%C4%B1n_Karaca" title="Işın Karaca">Işın Karaca</a>, British-born Turkish Cypriot singer</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Anna_Silk_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Anna Silk, Canadian-born actress"><img alt="Anna Silk, Canadian-born actress" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Anna_Silk_%28cropped%29.jpg/107px-Anna_Silk_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="107" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Anna_Silk_%28cropped%29.jpg/160px-Anna_Silk_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Anna_Silk_%28cropped%29.jpg/214px-Anna_Silk_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2168" data-file-height="2432" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Anna_Silk" title="Anna Silk">Anna Silk</a>, Canadian-born actress</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Zein_Sharaf_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Zein Al-Sharaf Talal, Egyptian-born Queen of Jordan (1951–1952)[124]"><img alt="Zein Al-Sharaf Talal, Egyptian-born Queen of Jordan (1951–1952)[124]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Zein_Sharaf_portrait.jpg/85px-Zein_Sharaf_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="85" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Zein_Sharaf_portrait.jpg/127px-Zein_Sharaf_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Zein_Sharaf_portrait.jpg/169px-Zein_Sharaf_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="339" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Zein_Al-Sharaf_Talal" class="mw-redirect" title="Zein Al-Sharaf Talal">Zein Al-Sharaf Talal</a>, Egyptian-born <a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Jordan" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen of Jordan">Queen of Jordan</a> (1951–1952)<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:AUT_vs._TUR_2016-03-29_(173).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fatih Terim, Turkish-born former manager of the Turkey national football team and Galatasaray"><img alt="Fatih Terim, Turkish-born former manager of the Turkey national football team and Galatasaray" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/AUT_vs._TUR_2016-03-29_%28173%29.jpg/80px-AUT_vs._TUR_2016-03-29_%28173%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/AUT_vs._TUR_2016-03-29_%28173%29.jpg/120px-AUT_vs._TUR_2016-03-29_%28173%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/AUT_vs._TUR_2016-03-29_%28173%29.jpg/160px-AUT_vs._TUR_2016-03-29_%28173%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="4500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Fatih_Terim" title="Fatih Terim">Fatih Terim</a>, Turkish-born former manager of the <a href="/wiki/Turkey_national_football_team" title="Turkey national football team">Turkey national football team</a> and <a href="/wiki/Galatasaray" class="mw-redirect" title="Galatasaray">Galatasaray</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Parliamentary_Assembly_of_the_Council_of_Europe">Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkish_Cypriots&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Turkish Cypriot representatives of <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_Assembly_of_the_Council_of_Europe" title="Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe">Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe</a> (PACE) elected in the Assembly of 1960 partnership government: 1961–1964: Halit Ali Riza,<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1961–1963: Umit Suleyman,<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1963–1964: Burhan Nalbantoglu.<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Turkish Cypriot representatives of <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_Assembly_of_the_Council_of_Europe" title="Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe">PACE</a> elected in the <a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_the_Republic_(Northern_Cyprus)" title="Assembly of the Republic (Northern Cyprus)">Assembly</a> of <a href="/wiki/Northern_Cyprus" title="Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a>: (TCs have two seats in PACE; the parties of elected members are shown) 2005–2007: CTP <a href="/wiki/%C3%96zdil_Nami" title="Özdil Nami">Özdil Nami</a>; UBP <a href="/wiki/H%C3%BCseyin_%C3%96zg%C3%BCrg%C3%BCn" title="Hüseyin Özgürgün">Hüseyin Özgürgün</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 27.01.2011 CTP Mehmet Caglar; UBP Ahmet Eti;<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 04.12.2013 CTP Mehmet Caglar, UBP <a href="/wiki/Tahsin_Ertu%C4%9Frulo%C4%9Flu" title="Tahsin Ertuğruloğlu">Tahsin Ertuğruloğlu</a><sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkish_Cypriots&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Cypriot_diaspora" title="Turkish Cypriot diaspora">Turkish Cypriot diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Cypriot_passport" title="Northern Cypriot passport">Northern Cypriot passport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Turkish_Cypriots" title="List of Turkish Cypriots">List of Turkish Cypriots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Cypriots" title="List of Cypriots">List of Cypriots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_refugees" title="Cypriot refugees">Cypriot refugees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_minorities_in_the_former_Ottoman_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish minorities in the former Ottoman Empire">Turkish minorities in the former Ottoman Empire</a>, neighbouring communities: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Turks" title="Bulgarian Turks">Turkish Bulgarians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Egypt" title="Turks in Egypt">Turkish Egyptians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Turkmen" title="Iraqi Turkmen">Turkish Iraqis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Lebanon" class="mw-redirect" title="Turks in Lebanon">Turkish Lebanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Meskhetians" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish Meskhetians">Turkish Meskhetians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Turkmen" title="Syrian Turkmen">Turkish Syrians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Thrace_Turks" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Thrace Turks">Turkish Western Thracians</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkish_Cypriots&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Drummond, 1745: 150,000 vs. 50,000; Kyprianos, 1777: 47,000 vs. 37,000;<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> De Vezin, 1788–1792: 60,000 vs. 20,000; Kinneir 1814: 35,000 vs. 35,000).<sup id="cite_ref-Hatay_2007_loc=19_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hatay_2007_loc=19-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shared haplotype % represents the proportion of individuals among Greek Cypriots (344 samples) and Turkish Cypriots (380 samples) having an exact 17/17 Y-STR haplotype match in the specified populations.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkish_Cypriots&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHatay2017" class="citation web cs1">Hatay, Mete (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.prio.org/utility/DownloadFile.ashx?id=1566&type=publicationfile">"Population and Politics in north Cyprus: An overview of the ethno-demography of north Cyprus in the light of the 2011 census"</a>. PRIO Cyprus Centre. p. 48<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 April</span> 2018</span>. <q>Taking the estimate of a current 'TRNC' citizen population at around 215,000, then, and subtracting the approximately 6,000 persons born in third countries whose heritage is not known, we may assume that there are around 150,000 persons of native Cypriot heritage, including 12,000–15,000 of mixed parentage (one Cypriot parent).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Population+and+Politics+in+north+Cyprus%3A+An+overview+of+the+ethno-demography+of+north+Cyprus+in+the+light+of+the+2011+census&rft.pages=48&rft.pub=PRIO+Cyprus+Centre&rft.date=2017&rft.aulast=Hatay&rft.aufirst=Mete&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.prio.org%2Futility%2FDownloadFile.ashx%3Fid%3D1566%26type%3Dpublicationfile&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+Cypriots" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CouncilofEurope-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CouncilofEurope_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CouncilofEurope_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CouncilofEurope_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CouncilofEurope_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=grk3AQAAMAAJ"><i>European Population Conference: Proceedings, Geneva</i></a>, vol. 2, <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Europe" title="Council of Europe">Council of Europe</a>, 1993, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789287125514" title="Special:BookSources/9789287125514"><bdi>9789287125514</bdi></a>, <q>The number of Turkish Cypriots now living in Turkey is about 300 000 while the number of those who have settled in England is 100 000. There are also approximately 30 000 Turkish Cypriots living in Australia and about 6 000 in Canada and the U.S.A.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=European+Population+Conference%3A+Proceedings%2C+Geneva&rft.pub=Council+of+Europe&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=9789287125514&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dgrk3AQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+Cypriots" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKanlı2017" class="citation web cs1">Kanlı, Yusuf (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/opinion/yusuf-kanli/migration-is-a-killer-of-turkish-cyprus--110099">"Migration is a killer of Turkish Cyprus"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hurriyet_Daily_News" class="mw-redirect" title="Hurriyet Daily News">Hurriyet Daily News</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 April</span> 2018</span>. <q>...Turkish Cypriot backgrounds living in Turkey. There are many figures. Some say it is around 300,000, some claim it is well over 650,000.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Migration+is+a+killer+of+Turkish+Cyprus&rft.pub=Hurriyet+Daily+News&rft.date=2017&rft.aulast=Kanl%C4%B1&rft.aufirst=Yusuf&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hurriyetdailynews.com%2Fopinion%2Fyusuf-kanli%2Fmigration-is-a-killer-of-turkish-cyprus--110099&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+Cypriots" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKanlı2018" class="citation web cs1">Kanlı, Yusuf (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/opinion/yusuf-kanli/bridging-the-population-gap-in-cyprus-128756">"Bridging the population gap in Cyprus"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hurriyet_Daily_News" class="mw-redirect" title="Hurriyet Daily News">Hurriyet Daily News</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 April</span> 2018</span>. <q>It is often said that if the descendants of those who migrated from Cyprus to Turkey back in 1931 are included, the number of Turkish Cypriots living in the "motherland" might exceed 600,000.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bridging+the+population+gap+in+Cyprus&rft.pub=Hurriyet+Daily+News&rft.date=2018&rft.aulast=Kanl%C4%B1&rft.aufirst=Yusuf&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hurriyetdailynews.com%2Fopinion%2Fyusuf-kanli%2Fbridging-the-population-gap-in-cyprus-128756&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+Cypriots" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LewzAQAAIAAJ"><i>Country Report: Cyprus, Malta</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Economist_Intelligence_Unit" title="Economist Intelligence Unit">Economist Intelligence Unit</a>, 1997, <q>...the original called for Turkey to grant dual citizenship to Turkish Cypriots – some 500,000 Turkish Cypriots living in Turkey would be considered citizens of the TRNC, and the approximately 200,000 persons living in the TRNC would be given Turkish citizenship</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Country+Report%3A+Cyprus%2C+Malta&rft.pub=Economist+Intelligence+Unit&rft.date=1997&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLewzAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+Cypriots" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TRNCInfo-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TRNCInfo_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TRNCInfo_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TRNCInfo_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TRNCInfo_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TRNCInfo_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100709094909/http://www.trncinfo.com/tanitmadairesi/2002/ENGLISH/BRIEFINGNOTES/070202BRIEFINGNOTES.htm">"Briefing Notes on the Cyprus Issue"</a>. Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Defence, Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. May 2001. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.trncinfo.com/tanitmadairesi/2002/ENGLISH/BRIEFINGNOTES/070202BRIEFINGNOTES.htm">the original</a> on 9 July 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 October</span> 2010</span>. <q>there are currently about 500,000 Turkish Cypriots living in Turkey; 200,000 in Great Britain; 40,000 in Australia and some 10,000 in North America and 5,000 in other countries.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Briefing+Notes+on+the+Cyprus+Issue&rft.pub=Ministry+of+Foreign+Affairs+and+Defence%2C+Turkish+Republic+of+Northern+Cyprus&rft.date=2001-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.trncinfo.com%2Ftanitmadairesi%2F2002%2FENGLISH%2FBRIEFINGNOTES%2F070202BRIEFINGNOTES.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+Cypriots" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-StarK-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-StarK_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-StarK_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-StarK_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-StarK_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStar_Kıbrıs2012" class="citation web cs1">Star Kıbrıs (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.starkibris.net/index.asp?haberID=125704">"Sözünüzü Tutun"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 September</span> 2012</span>. <q>Tarihsel süreç içerisinde yaşanan bazı olaylar nedeniyle Kıbrıs'tan göç etmek zorunda kalan Türklerin, bugün dünyanın farklı bölgelerinde yaşam sürdüklerine dikkat çeken Kasapoğlu, "Kıbrıslı Türklerin 300 bin kadarı İngiltere'de, 500 bini Türkiye'de, 120 bini Avustralya'da, 5 bini ABD'de, bin 800'ü Kanada'da, çok az bir popülasyon Güney Afrika Cumhuriyeti'nde, bin 600'ü Yeni Zellanda'da, 2 bin kadarının da Almanya'da olduğu tahmin ediliyor" ifadelerini kullandı.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=S%C3%B6z%C3%BCn%C3%BCz%C3%BC+Tutun&rft.date=2012&rft.au=Star+K%C4%B1br%C4%B1s&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.starkibris.net%2Findex.asp%3FhaberID%3D125704&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+Cypriots" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdwards" class="citation web cs1">Edwards, Viv. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/voices/multilingual/turkish.shtml">"Turkish today"</a>. <i>Your Voice</i>. <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 December</span> 2008</span>. <q>130,000 nationals of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus currently live in the UK. These figures, however, do not include the much larger numbers of Turkish speakers who have been born or have obtained British nationality.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Your+Voice&rft.atitle=Turkish+today&rft.aulast=Edwards&rft.aufirst=Viv&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fvoices%2Fmultilingual%2Fturkish.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+Cypriots" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080304091100/http://www.turkishconsulate.org.uk/en/commun.htm">"Turkish community in the UK"</a>. Consulate General for the Republic of Turkey in London. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.turkishconsulate.org.uk/en/commun.htm">the original</a> on 4 March 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 January</span> 2010</span>. <q>Please note that approximately 130,000 nationals of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, whose mother tongue is Turkish, are living in the UK as well.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Turkish+community+in+the+UK&rft.pub=Consulate+General+for+the+Republic+of+Turkey+in+London&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.turkishconsulate.org.uk%2Fen%2Fcommun.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+Cypriots" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-csdproject-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-csdproject_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://csdinternationalcommunityproject.files.wordpress.com/2012/03/turkish-muslim-communities4.pdf">"The Turkish and Turkish Cypriot Muslim Community in England"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Department for Communities and Local Government<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 March</span> 2018</span>. <q>In addition, there are estimated to be 130,000 Turkish Cypriots in the UK. It is unlikely that any of the official figures available provide a true indication of the size of the Turkish speaking population in the country as much of the official data is only available by country of birth and excludes British born and dual heritage children</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Turkish+and+Turkish+Cypriot+Muslim+Community+in+England&rft.pub=Department+for+Communities+and+Local+Government&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcsdinternationalcommunityproject.files.wordpress.com%2F2012%2F03%2Fturkish-muslim-communities4.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+Cypriots" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HomeAffairsCommittee-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HomeAffairsCommittee_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HomeAffairsCommittee_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.statewatch.org/news/2011/aug/eu-hasc-turkey-jha-report.pdf">"Implications for the Justice and Home Affairs area of the accession of Turkey to the European Union"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/The_Stationery_Office" title="The Stationery Office">The Stationery Office</a>. 2011. p. Ev 34. <q>There are approximately 150,000 Turkish nationals in the UK at present, of a total of about 500,000 people of Turkish origin in the UK, including Cypriot Turks (about 300,000) and Turks with Bulgarian or Romanian citizenship</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Implications+for+the+Justice+and+Home+Affairs+area+of+the+accession+of+Turkey+to+the+European+Union&rft.pages=Ev+34&rft.pub=The+Stationery+Office&rft.date=2011&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.statewatch.org%2Fnews%2F2011%2Faug%2Feu-hasc-turkey-jha-report.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+Cypriots" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/proginfo/radio/2011/wk39/wed.shtml">"Network Radio BBC Week 39: Wednesday 28 September 2011: Turkish Delight?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 September</span> 2011</span>. <q>Turkish influence on the UK began with the arrival of coffee houses in the 17th century. There are now estimated to be 150,000 immigrants from mainland Turkey as well as 300,000 Turkish Cypriots, many leaving Cyprus during the Fifties and Sixties during the internal war.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Network+Radio+BBC+Week+39%3A+Wednesday+28+September+2011%3A+Turkish+Delight%3F&rft.pub=BBC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fpressoffice%2Fproginfo%2Fradio%2F2011%2Fwk39%2Fwed.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+Cypriots" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theconversation.com/turks-living-in-britain-see-it-as-their-duty-to-integrate-60465"><i>Implications for the Justice and Home Affairs area of the accession of Turkey to the European Union</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Conversation_(website)" title="The Conversation (website)">The Conversation</a>, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 April</span> 2016</span>, <q>Today, the 300,000 Turkish Cypriots make up the largest part of Britain's Turkish-speaking community.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Implications+for+the+Justice+and+Home+Affairs+area+of+the+accession+of+Turkey+to+the+European+Union&rft.pub=The+Conversation&rft.date=2016&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheconversation.com%2Fturks-living-in-britain-see-it-as-their-duty-to-integrate-60465&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+Cypriots" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OBV-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-OBV_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.obv.org.uk/news-blogs/turkish-people-and-british-politics-where-are-other-499997"><i>Turkish people and British politics: Where are the other 499,997?</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Operation_Black_Vote" title="Operation Black Vote">Operation Black Vote</a>, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 April</span> 2016</span>, <q>At present, there are an estimated 300,000 Turkish Cypriots living in the UK which is even more compared to Turkish Cypriots in North Cyprus as estimates shows that there are between 150,000 – 200,000.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Turkish+people+and+British+politics%3A+Where+are+the+other+499%2C997%3F&rft.pub=Operation+Black+Vote&rft.date=2012&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.obv.org.uk%2Fnews-blogs%2Fturkish-people-and-british-politics-where-are-other-499997&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+Cypriots" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-StarKibris-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-StarKibris_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-StarKibris_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-StarKibris_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-StarKibris_15-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAkben2010" class="citation web cs1">Akben, Gözde (11 February 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.starkibris.net/index.asp?haberID=51233">"OLMALI MI, OLMAMALI MI?"</a>. <i>Star Kibris</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 January</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Star+Kibris&rft.atitle=OLMALI+MI%2C+OLMAMALI+MI%3F&rft.date=2010-02-11&rft.aulast=Akben&rft.aufirst=G%C3%B6zde&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.starkibris.net%2Findex.asp%3FhaberID%3D51233&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+Cypriots" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-KıbrısGazetesi-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-KıbrısGazetesi_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCemal2011" class="citation web cs1">Cemal, Akay (2 June 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110721144431/http://www.kibrisgazetesi.com/index.php/cat/1/col/119/art/17680/PageName/Ana_sayfa">"Dıştaki gençlerin askerlik sorunu çözülmedikçe…"</a>. <i>Kıbrıs Gazetesi</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kibrisgazetesi.com/index.php/cat/1/col/119/art/17680/PageName/Ana_sayfa">the original</a> on 21 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=K%C4%B1br%C4%B1s+Gazetesi&rft.atitle=D%C4%B1%C5%9Ftaki+gen%C3%A7lerin+askerlik+sorunu+%C3%A7%C3%B6z%C3%BClmedik%C3%A7e%E2%80%A6&rft.date=2011-06-02&rft.aulast=Cemal&rft.aufirst=Akay&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kibrisgazetesi.com%2Findex.php%2Fcat%2F1%2Fcol%2F119%2Fart%2F17680%2FPageName%2FAna_sayfa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+Cypriots" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKibris_Gazetesi" class="citation web cs1">Kibris Gazetesi. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110721144320/http://www.kibrisgazetesi.com/printa.php?col=119&art=9711">"Avustralya'daki Kıbrıslı Türkler ve Temsilcilik..."</a> Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kibrisgazetesi.com/printa.php?col=119&art=9711">the original</a> on 21 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Avustralya%27daki+K%C4%B1br%C4%B1sl%C4%B1+T%C3%BCrkler+ve+Temsilcilik...&rft.au=Kibris+Gazetesi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kibrisgazetesi.com%2Fprinta.php%3Fcol%3D119%26art%3D9711&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+Cypriots" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BRT-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BRT_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BRT_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBRT" class="citation web cs1">BRT. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brtk.net/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=31316:avusturalyada-kibrs-tuerkuenuen-ses&catid=1:kktc&Itemid=3">"AVUSTURALYA'DA KIBRS TÜRKÜNÜN SESİ"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 July</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=AVUSTURALYA%27DA+KIBRS+T%C3%9CRK%C3%9CN%C3%9CN+SES%C4%B0&rft.au=BRT&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.brtk.net%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26view%3Darticle%26id%3D31316%3Aavusturalyada-kibrs-tuerkuenuen-ses%26catid%3D1%3Akktc%26Itemid%3D3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+Cypriots" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2011Cypriotcensus-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2011Cypriotcensus_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cystat.gov.cy/mof/cystat/statistics.nsf/populationcondition_22main_en/populationcondition_22main_en?OpenForm&sub=2&sel=2">"Population – Country of Birth, Citizenship Category, Country of Citizenship, Language, Religion, Ethnic/Religious Group, 2011"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 April</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Population+%E2%80%93+Country+of+Birth%2C+Citizenship+Category%2C+Country+of+Citizenship%2C+Language%2C+Religion%2C+Ethnic%2FReligious+Group%2C+2011&rft.pub=Statistical+Service+of+the+Republic+of+Cyprus&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cystat.gov.cy%2Fmof%2Fcystat%2Fstatistics.nsf%2Fpopulationcondition_22main_en%2Fpopulationcondition_22main_en%3FOpenForm%26sub%3D2%26sel%3D2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+Cypriots" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHatay2007">Hatay 2007</a>, 40.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWelinEkelund2004">Welin & Ekelund 2004</a>, 2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hüssein_2007_loc=14-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hüssein_2007_loc=14_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHüssein2007">Hüssein 2007</a>, 14.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jennings_1993_loc=137-38-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Jennings_1993_loc=137-38_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jennings_1993_loc=137-38_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJennings1993">Jennings 1993</a>, 137-38.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Çevikel_2000_loc=178-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Çevikel_2000_loc=178_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Çevikel_2000_loc=178_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFÇevikel2000">Çevikel 2000</a>, 178.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Beckingham_1957_loc=171-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Beckingham_1957_loc=171_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Beckingham_1957_loc=171_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBeckingham1957">Beckingham 1957</a>, 171.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHill1948">Hill 1948</a>, 469.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHill1948">Hill 1948</a>, 473.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMachairas1932">Machairas 1932</a>, 657.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHill1948b">Hill 1948b</a>, 736.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gazioğlu_1990_loc=16-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gazioğlu_1990_loc=16_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gazioğlu_1990_loc=16_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGazioğlu1990">Gazioğlu 1990</a>, 16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFConstantini2009">Constantini 2009</a>, 52.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shawn_1976_loc=178-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Shawn_1976_loc=178_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFShawn1976">Shawn 1976</a>, 178.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOrhonlu1971">Orhonlu 1971</a>, 99.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jennings_1993_loc=232-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Jennings_1993_loc=232_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJennings1993">Jennings 1993</a>, 232.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jennings, 1993</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">R.L.N Michael, Muslim-Christian Sect in Cyprus, The 19th Century Journal, issue 63, pages 751-762, 1908 </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Palmieri, 1905</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">R.L.N. Michael, Muslim-Christian Sect in Cyprus, The 19th Century Journal, issue 63, pages 751-762, 1908</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nevzat_&_Hatay_2009_loc=912-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Nevzat_&_Hatay_2009_loc=912_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNevzatHatay2009">Nevzat & Hatay 2009</a>, 912.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hatay_2007_loc=17-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hatay_2007_loc=17_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHatay2007">Hatay 2007</a>, 17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/excerptacypriama00cobhuoft">Claude Delaval Cobham</a> Excerpta Cypria, Cambridge University Press, 1908, p.366-67</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cypruslibrary.moec.gov.cy/ebooks/36821">Archimandrite Kyprianos</a> Istoria Khronoloyiki tis Nisou Kiprou (History and Chronicles of the Island of Cyprus, Ιστορία χρονολογική της νήσου Κύπρου) 1788, p.495</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hatay_2007_loc=19-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hatay_2007_loc=19_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHatay2007">Hatay 2007</a>, 19</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSpilling2000">Spilling 2000</a>, 25.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHatay2007">Hatay 2007</a>, 18.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Heper_&_Criss_2009_loc=92-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Heper_&_Criss_2009_loc=92_47-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Heper_&_Criss_2009_loc=92_47-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Heper_&_Criss_2009_loc=92_47-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHeperCriss2009">Heper & Criss 2009</a>, 92.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFÇakmak2008">Çakmak 2008</a>, 201.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nevzat_&_Hatay_2009_loc=916-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Nevzat_&_Hatay_2009_loc=916_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNevzatHatay2009">Nevzat & Hatay 2009</a>, 916.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Percival_1948_loc=25-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Percival_1948_loc=25_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPercival1948">Percival 1948</a>, 25.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Percival_1948_loc=9-11-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Percival_1948_loc=9-11_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPercival1948">Percival 1948</a>, 9-11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kızılyürek_2006_loc=317-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kızılyürek_2006_loc=317_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKızılyürek2006">Kızılyürek 2006</a>, 317.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nevzat_2005_loc=224-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Nevzat_2005_loc=224_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNevzat2005">Nevzat 2005</a>, 224.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nesim_1987_loc=27-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Nesim_1987_loc=27_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNesim1987">Nesim 1987</a>, 27.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hatay_2007_loc=21-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hatay_2007_loc=21_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHatay2007">Hatay 2007</a>, 21.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hill_1952_loc=413n-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hill_1952_loc=413n_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHill1952">Hill 1952</a>, 413n.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Clogg_1992_loc=93-97-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Clogg_1992_loc=93-97_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFClogg1992">Clogg 1992</a>, 93–97.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-St._John-Jones_1983_loc=56-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-St._John-Jones_1983_loc=56_58-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-St._John-Jones_1983_loc=56_58-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> 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rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.21773%2Fboun.25.2.6">10.21773/boun.25.2.6</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bogazici+Journal&rft.atitle=Cypriot+Muslims+among+Ottomans%2C+Turks+and+British&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=109-120&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.21773%2Fboun.25.2.6&rft.aulast=Xypolia&rft.aufirst=Ilia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.21773%252Fboun.25.2.6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+Cypriots" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nevzat_&_Hatay_2009_loc=919-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Nevzat_&_Hatay_2009_loc=919_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNevzatHatay2009">Nevzat & Hatay 2009</a>, 919.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a 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href="#CITEREFPapadakis2005">Papadakis 2005</a>, 82.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cassia_2007_loc=21-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cassia_2007_loc=21_66-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cassia_2007_loc=21_66-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCassia2007">Cassia 2007</a>, 21.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHüssein2007">Hüssein 2007</a>, 18.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Savvides_2004_loc=260-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Savvides_2004_loc=260_68-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSavvides2004">Savvides 2004</a>, 260.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Benvenisti2012-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Benvenisti2012_69-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEyal_Benvenisti2012" class="citation book cs1">Eyal Benvenisti (23 February 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JKgeX_sdQG0C&pg=PA191"><i>The International Law of Occupation</i></a>. Oxford University Press. p. 191. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-958889-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-958889-3"><bdi>978-0-19-958889-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+International+Law+of+Occupation&rft.pages=191&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2012-02-23&rft.isbn=978-0-19-958889-3&rft.au=Eyal+Benvenisti&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJKgeX_sdQG0C%26pg%3DPA191&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+Cypriots" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tocci_2007_loc=32-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Tocci_2007_loc=32_70-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTocci2007">Tocci 2007</a>, 32.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bryant_&_Papadakis_2012_loc=5-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bryant_&_Papadakis_2012_loc=5_71-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBryantPapadakis2012">Bryant & Papadakis 2012</a>, 5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bryant_&_Papadakis_2012_loc=121-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bryant_&_Papadakis_2012_loc=121_72-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBryantPapadakis2012">Bryant & Papadakis 2012</a>, 121.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Broome_2004_loc=279-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Broome_2004_loc=279_73-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBroome2004">Broome 2004</a>, 279.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Broome_2004_loc=282-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Broome_2004_loc=282_74-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBroome2004">Broome 2004</a>, 282.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Güven-Lisaniler_&_Leopoldo_2002_loc=183-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Güven-Lisaniler_&_Leopoldo_2002_loc=183_75-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGüven-LisanilerRodriguez2002">Güven-Lisaniler & Rodriguez 2002</a>, 183.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Broome_2004_loc=286-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Broome_2004_loc=286_76-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Broome_2004_loc=286_76-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBroome2004">Broome 2004</a>, 286.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Boyle_and_Sheen_1997_loc=290-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Boyle_and_Sheen_1997_loc=290_77-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Boyle_and_Sheen_1997_loc=290_77-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBoyleSheen1997">Boyle & Sheen 1997</a>, 290.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNevzatHatay2009">Nevzat & Hatay 2009</a>, 928.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDarke2009">Darke 2009</a>, 10</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNevzatHatay2009">Nevzat & Hatay 2009</a>, 911.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Άντρος Παυλίδης, "Η Κύπρος ανά τους αιώνες μέσα από τα κείμενα ξένων επισκεπτών της" (Antros Palvlides, "Cyprus through the centuries in the texts of her foreign visitors), ed. Φιλόκυπρος (Philokypros), Cyprus 1994, vol. 2, pp. 1098 (William Turner 1815), 1141 (Luis Salvator 1873), 1163 (Hepworth W. Dixon 1878). In Greek language.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Johanson_2011_loc=738-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Johanson_2011_loc=738_82-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Johanson_2011_loc=738_82-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJohanson2011">Johanson 2011</a>, 738.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Johanson_2011_loc=739-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Johanson_2011_loc=739_83-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJohanson2011">Johanson 2011</a>, 739.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Quotation marks as in the source.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">There are/were wholly or almost wholly Turkish villages named after Christian saints.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeckingham1957166-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeckingham1957166_86-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBeckingham1957">Beckingham 1957</a>, p. 166:In Cyprus religious and linguistic divisions do not quite coincide. While many Turks habitually speak Turkish there are 'Turkish', that is, Muslim villages in which the normal language is Greek; among them are Lapithiou (P i), Platanisso (F i), Ayios Simeon (F i) and Galinoporni (F i). This fact has not yet been adequately investigated. With the growth of national feeling and the spread of education, the phenomenon is becoming not only rarer but harder to detect. In a Muslim village the school teacher will be a Turk and will teach the children Turkish. They already think of themselves as Turks, and having once learnt the language, will sometimes use it in talking to a visitor in preference to Greek, merely as a matter of national pride. On the other hand, many Turks, whose mother tongue is Turkish, learn Greek because they find it useful to understand the language of the majority, though it is much less common for them to write it correctly<i></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=r8wGkxXeZuUC&q=Greek-speaking+Muslims">Stavroula Varella, Language Contact and the Lexicon in the History of Cypriot Greek, Peter Lang, 2006, p. 64</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edoc.ub.uni-muenchen.de/19366/7/Guelle_Vasif_Ozan.pdf">Ozan Gülle (2014), "Structural Convergence in Cyprus", Inauguraldussertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades der Philosophie an der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat Munchen, p. 149</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Güven-Lisaniler_&_Rodriguez_2002_loc=184-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Güven-Lisaniler_&_Rodriguez_2002_loc=184_89-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Güven-Lisaniler_&_Rodriguez_2002_loc=184_89-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Güven-Lisaniler_&_Rodriguez_2002_loc=184_89-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGüven-LisanilerRodriguez2002">Güven-Lisaniler & Rodriguez 2002</a>, 184.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLord_SPENS1978" class="citation book cs1">Lord SPENS (8 November 1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/lords/1978/nov/08/address-in-reply-to-her-majestys-most">"ADDRESS IN REPLY TO HER MAJESTY'S MOST GRACIOUS SPEECH"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Hansard" title="Hansard">Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)</a></i>. Vol. 396. House of Lords. <q>There are 400,000 Turkish Cypriots in Cyprus who are at present unrepresented because Her Majesty's Government will acknowledge only the Government of Greek Cyprus, and that Government do not in any way control the 400,000 Turkish Cypriots in the northern part of the island.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=ADDRESS+IN+REPLY+TO+HER+MAJESTY%27S+MOST+GRACIOUS+SPEECH&rft.btitle=Parliamentary+Debates+%28Hansard%29&rft.pub=House+of+Lords&rft.date=1978-11-08&rft.au=Lord+SPENS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.parliament.uk%2Fhistoric-hansard%2Flords%2F1978%2Fnov%2F08%2Faddress-in-reply-to-her-majestys-most&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+Cypriots" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TRNC2006census-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TRNC2006census_91-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TRNC2006census_91-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nufussayimi.devplan.org/Census%202006.pdf"><i>TRNC General Population and Housing Unit Census</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, TRNC Prime Ministry State Planning Organization, 2006, pp. 10–12<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 April</span> 2018</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=TRNC+General+Population+and+Housing+Unit+Census&rft.pages=10-12&rft.pub=TRNC+Prime+Ministry+State+Planning+Organization&rft.date=2006&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnufussayimi.devplan.org%2FCensus%25202006.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+Cypriots" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TRNC2011census-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TRNC2011census_92-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.devplan.org/nufus-2011/nufus%20ikinci_.pdf"><i>TRNC General Population and Housing Unit Census</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, TRNC Prime Ministry State Planning Organization, 2006, p. 7<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 April</span> 2018</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=TRNC+General+Population+and+Housing+Unit+Census&rft.pages=7&rft.pub=TRNC+Prime+Ministry+State+Planning+Organization&rft.date=2006&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.devplan.org%2Fnufus-2011%2Fnufus%2520ikinci_.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+Cypriots" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.devplan.org/nufus-2011/nufus%20ikinci_.pdf"><i>TRNC General Population and Housing Unit Census</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, TRNC Prime Ministry State Planning Organization, 2006, p. 38<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 April</span> 2018</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=TRNC+General+Population+and+Housing+Unit+Census&rft.pages=38&rft.pub=TRNC+Prime+Ministry+State+Planning+Organization&rft.date=2006&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.devplan.org%2Fnufus-2011%2Fnufus%2520ikinci_.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+Cypriots" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nevzat_2005_loc=276-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Nevzat_2005_loc=276_94-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nevzat_2005_loc=276_94-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNevzat2005">Nevzat 2005</a>, 276.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nevzat_2005_loc=280-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Nevzat_2005_loc=280_95-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNevzat2005">Nevzat 2005</a>, 280.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nevzat_2005_loc=281-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Nevzat_2005_loc=281_96-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNevzat2005">Nevzat 2005</a>, 281.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBilge1961">Bilge 1961</a>, 5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OPSI-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-OPSI_98-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFH.M._Stationery_Office1955" class="citation web cs1">H.M. Stationery Office (1955). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.econbiz.de/en/search/detailed-view/doc/all/tripartite-conference-eastern-mediterranean-cyprus-held-governments-united-kingdom-great-britain-northern-ireland-greece-turkey-london-august/10003024514/?no_cache=1">"The Tripartite Conference on the Eastern Mediterranean and Cyprus held by the Governments of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Greece, and Turkey"</a>. <i>H.M. Stationery Office</i>. p. 22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 October</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=H.M.+Stationery+Office&rft.atitle=The+Tripartite+Conference+on+the+Eastern+Mediterranean+and+Cyprus+held+by+the+Governments+of+the+United+Kingdom+of+Great+Britain+and+Northern+Ireland%2C+Greece%2C+and+Turkey&rft.pages=22&rft.date=1955&rft.au=H.M.+Stationery+Office&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.econbiz.de%2Fen%2Fsearch%2Fdetailed-view%2Fdoc%2Fall%2Ftripartite-conference-eastern-mediterranean-cyprus-held-governments-united-kingdom-great-britain-northern-ireland-greece-turkey-london-august%2F10003024514%2F%3Fno_cache%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+Cypriots" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMertAli-AybarRize1994">Mert, Ali-Aybar & Rize 1994</a>, 95.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Andreou_2018-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Andreou_2018_100-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Andreou_2018_100-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Andreou_2018_100-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndreou2018" class="citation web cs1">Andreou, Evie (29 July 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cyprus-mail.com/2018/07/29/searching-for-the-missing-brides-of-cyprus/">"Searching for the missing brides of Cyprus"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Klaus Schwarz Verlag. pp. 52–56. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2F9783112208885-010">10.1515/9783112208885-010</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-87997-408-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-87997-408-5"><bdi>978-3-87997-408-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Traces+of+Shamanism+in+the+Beliefs+of+Turkish+Cypriots&rft.btitle=Man+and+Nature+in+the+Altaic+World%3A+Proceedings+of+the+49th+Permanent+International+Altaistic+Conference%2C+Berlin%2C+July+30+%E2%80%93+August+4%2C+2006&rft.pages=52-56&rft.pub=Klaus+Schwarz+Verlag&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1515%2F9783112208885-010&rft.isbn=978-3-87997-408-5&rft.aulast=Bozkurt&rft.aufirst=%C4%B0smail&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.degruyter.com%2Fdocument%2Fdoi%2F10.1515%2F9783112208885-010%2Fhtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+Cypriots" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gurkan_et_al_2016-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gurkan_et_al_2016_120-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gurkan_et_al_2016_120-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGurkanSevayDemirdovHossoz2016" class="citation journal cs1">Gurkan, Cemal; Sevay, Huseyin; Demirdov, Damla Kanliada; Hossoz, Sinem; Ceker, Deren; Teralı, Kerem; Erol, Ayla Sevim (19 July 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080/03014460.2016.1207805">"Turkish Cypriot paternal lineages bear an autochthonous character and closest resemblance to those from neighbouring Near Eastern populations"</a>. <i>Annals of Human Biology</i>. <b>44</b> (2) (published March 2017): 164–174. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F03014460.2016.1207805">10.1080/03014460.2016.1207805</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0301-4460">0301-4460</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27356680">27356680</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:24596494">24596494</a>. <q>The situation is complicated by the fact that population genetic analyses of Modern Anatolian and Cypriot populations so far suggested a close connection between the two, which could be attributed to the geographic proximity (only 75 km at the closest) and archaeologically proven human interactions between two lands dating back to 10,600 cal YBP (Bulbul et al., 2015; Clearkin, 1958; Fernandez et al., 2014; Gurkan et al., 2015b; Terali et al., 2014; Vigne et al., 2012).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+Human+Biology&rft.atitle=Turkish+Cypriot+paternal+lineages+bear+an+autochthonous+character+and+closest+resemblance+to+those+from+neighbouring+Near+Eastern+populations&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=164-174&rft.date=2016-07-19&rft.issn=0301-4460&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A24596494%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F27356680&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F03014460.2016.1207805&rft.aulast=Gurkan&rft.aufirst=Cemal&rft.au=Sevay%2C+Huseyin&rft.au=Demirdov%2C+Damla+Kanliada&rft.au=Hossoz%2C+Sinem&rft.au=Ceker%2C+Deren&rft.au=Teral%C4%B1%2C+Kerem&rft.au=Erol%2C+Ayla+Sevim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1080%2F03014460.2016.1207805&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+Cypriots" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeraclidesBashiardesFernández-DomínguezBertoncini2017" class="citation journal cs1">Heraclides, Alexandros; Bashiardes, Evy; Fernández-Domínguez, Eva; Bertoncini, Stefania; Chimonas, Marios; Christofi, Vasilis; King, Jonathan; Budowle, Bruce; Manoli, Panayiotis; Cariolou, Marios A. (16 June 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5473566">"Y-chromosomal analysis of Greek Cypriots reveals a primarily common pre-Ottoman paternal ancestry with Turkish Cypriots"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/PLOS_One" title="PLOS One">PLOS One</a></i>. <b>12</b> (6): e0179474. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017PLoSO..1279474H">2017PLoSO..1279474H</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0179474">10.1371/journal.pone.0179474</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1932-6203">1932-6203</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5473566">5473566</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28622394">28622394</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PLOS+One&rft.atitle=Y-chromosomal+analysis+of+Greek+Cypriots+reveals+a+primarily+common+pre-Ottoman+paternal+ancestry+with+Turkish+Cypriots&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=e0179474&rft.date=2017-06-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5473566%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2017PLoSO..1279474H&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F28622394&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0179474&rft.issn=1932-6203&rft.aulast=Heraclides&rft.aufirst=Alexandros&rft.au=Bashiardes%2C+Evy&rft.au=Fern%C3%A1ndez-Dom%C3%ADnguez%2C+Eva&rft.au=Bertoncini%2C+Stefania&rft.au=Chimonas%2C+Marios&rft.au=Christofi%2C+Vasilis&rft.au=King%2C+Jonathan&rft.au=Budowle%2C+Bruce&rft.au=Manoli%2C+Panayiotis&rft.au=Cariolou%2C+Marios+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5473566&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+Cypriots" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTammDi_CristofaroMazièresPennarun2019" class="citation journal cs1">Tamm, Erika; Di Cristofaro, Julie; Mazières, Stéphane; Pennarun, Erwan; Kushniarevich, Alena; Raveane, Alessandro; Semino, Ornella; Chiaroni, Jacques; Pereira, Luisa; Metspalu, Mait; Montinaro, Francesco (19 September 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6753063">"Genome-wide analysis of Corsican population reveals a close affinity with Northern and Central Italy"</a>. <i>Scientific Reports</i>. <b>9</b> (1): 13581. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2019NatSR...913581T">2019NatSR...913581T</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41598-019-49901-8">10.1038/s41598-019-49901-8</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2045-2322">2045-2322</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6753063">6753063</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31537848">31537848</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scientific+Reports&rft.atitle=Genome-wide+analysis+of+Corsican+population+reveals+a+close+affinity+with+Northern+and+Central+Italy&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=13581&rft.date=2019-09-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6753063%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2019NatSR...913581T&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F31537848&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fs41598-019-49901-8&rft.issn=2045-2322&rft.aulast=Tamm&rft.aufirst=Erika&rft.au=Di+Cristofaro%2C+Julie&rft.au=Mazi%C3%A8res%2C+St%C3%A9phane&rft.au=Pennarun%2C+Erwan&rft.au=Kushniarevich%2C+Alena&rft.au=Raveane%2C+Alessandro&rft.au=Semino%2C+Ornella&rft.au=Chiaroni%2C+Jacques&rft.au=Pereira%2C+Luisa&rft.au=Metspalu%2C+Mait&rft.au=Montinaro%2C+Francesco&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6753063&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+Cypriots" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCaoCristina_RosatelliGalanello2007" class="citation book cs1">Cao, Antonio; Cristina Rosatelli, M.; Galanello, Renzo (2007). "Control of β-thalassaemia by Carrier Screening, Genetic Counselling and Prenatal Diagnosis: The Sardinian Experience". <i>Ciba Foundation Symposium 197 - Variation in the Human Genome</i>. Novartis Foundation Symposia. Vol. 197. pp. 137–155. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2F9780470514887.ch8">10.1002/9780470514887.ch8</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780470514887" title="Special:BookSources/9780470514887"><bdi>9780470514887</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8827372">8827372</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Control+of+%CE%B2-thalassaemia+by+Carrier+Screening%2C+Genetic+Counselling+and+Prenatal+Diagnosis%3A+The+Sardinian+Experience&rft.btitle=Ciba+Foundation+Symposium+197+-+Variation+in+the+Human+Genome&rft.series=Novartis+Foundation+Symposia&rft.pages=137-155&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F8827372&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2F9780470514887.ch8&rft.isbn=9780470514887&rft.aulast=Cao&rft.aufirst=Antonio&rft.au=Cristina+Rosatelli%2C+M.&rft.au=Galanello%2C+Renzo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+Cypriots" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.alarabiya.net/ar/last-page/2017/01/02/من-هو-حسين-بيكار-الذي-يحتفل-غوغل-بميلاده-اليوم؟.html"><i>من هو حسين بيكار الذي يحتفل غوغل بميلاده اليوم؟</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Al_Arabiya" title="Al Arabiya">Al Arabiya</a>, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 September</span> 2017</span>, <q>ولد حسين أمين بيكار في 2 كانون الثاني /يناير من عام 1913، وتوفي في 16 نوفمبر 2002، وهو فنان تشكيلي مصري من أصل قبرصي تركي.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D9%85%D9%86+%D9%87%D9%88+%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B0%D9%8A+%D9%8A%D8%AD%D8%AA%D9%81%D9%84+%D8%BA%D9%88%D8%BA%D9%84+%D8%A8%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%87+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85%D8%9F&rft.pub=Al+Arabiya&rft.date=2017&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.alarabiya.net%2Far%2Flast-page%2F2017%2F01%2F02%2F%D9%85%D9%86-%D9%87%D9%88-%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B0%D9%8A-%D9%8A%D8%AD%D8%AA%D9%81%D9%84-%D8%BA%D9%88%D8%BA%D9%84-%D8%A8%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%87-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85%D8%9F.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+Cypriots" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jordantimes.com/news/local/jordan-remembers-queen-zein-2"><i>Jordan remembers Queen Zein</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Jordan_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="Jordan Times">Jordan Times</a>, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 September</span> 2017</span>, <q>Queen Zein was born on August 2, 1916, the daughter of Sharif Jamil Bin Nasser, governor of Huran and nephew of Sharif Hussein Bin Ali of Mecca, and Wijdan Hanim, daughter of Shakir Pasha, governor of Cyprus.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jordan+remembers+Queen+Zein&rft.pub=Jordan+Times&rft.date=2015&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjordantimes.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fjordan-remembers-queen-zein-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+Cypriots" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.assembly.coe.int/nw/xml/AssemblyList/MP-Details-EN.asp?MemberID=891&CountryID=10">"PACE Member File"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=PACE+Member+File&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.assembly.coe.int%2Fnw%2Fxml%2FAssemblyList%2FMP-Details-EN.asp%3FMemberID%3D891%26CountryID%3D10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+Cypriots" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.assembly.coe.int/nw/xml/AssemblyList/MP-Details-EN.asp?MemberID=892&CountryID=10">"PACE Member File"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=PACE+Member+File&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.assembly.coe.int%2Fnw%2Fxml%2FAssemblyList%2FMP-Details-EN.asp%3FMemberID%3D892%26CountryID%3D10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+Cypriots" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.assembly.coe.int/nw/xml/AssemblyList/MP-Details-EN.asp?MemberID=964&CountryID=10">"PACE Member File"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=PACE+Member+File&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.assembly.coe.int%2Fnw%2Fxml%2FAssemblyList%2FMP-Details-EN.asp%3FMemberID%3D964%26CountryID%3D10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+Cypriots" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20140226103031/http://www.todayszaman.com/newsDetail_getNewsById.action;jsessionid=516B38E2EAFF2073525EEB08F7B53903?newsId=105715">"PACE may be an example for Turkish Cypriot representation at EP"</a>. <i>TodaysZaman</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.todayszaman.com/newsDetail_getNewsById.action;jsessionid=516B38E2EAFF2073525EEB08F7B53903?newsId=105715">the original</a> on 26 February 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TodaysZaman&rft.atitle=PACE+may+be+an+example+for+Turkish+Cypriot+representation+at+EP&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.todayszaman.com%2FnewsDetail_getNewsById.action%3Bjsessionid%3D516B38E2EAFF2073525EEB08F7B53903%3FnewsId%3D105715&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+Cypriots" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sabah.com.tr/Yazarlar/safak/2011/01/27/iki_yabanci">"İki yabancı"</a>. <i>Sabah</i>. 27 January 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sabah&rft.atitle=%C4%B0ki+yabanc%C4%B1&rft.date=2011-01-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sabah.com.tr%2FYazarlar%2Fsafak%2F2011%2F01%2F27%2Fiki_yabanci&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+Cypriots" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.moi.gov.cy/moi/PIO/PIO.nsf/d2f0876e1500506ac2257076004d01cb/005f2b899a230041c2257c3700447272?OpenDocument">RoC</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkish_Cypriots&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnsari2004" class="citation cs2">Ansari, Humayun (2004), <i>The Infidel Within: Muslims in Britain since 1800</i>, C. Hurst & Co. Publishers, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85065-685-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85065-685-2"><bdi>978-1-85065-685-2</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Infidel+Within%3A+Muslims+in+Britain+since+1800&rft.pub=C.+Hurst+%26+Co.+Publishers&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-85065-685-2&rft.aulast=Ansari&rft.aufirst=Humayun&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+Cypriots" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBilge1961" class="citation cs2">Bilge, Ali Suat (1961), <i>Le Conflit de Chypre et les Chypriotes Turcs</i>, Ajans Türk</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Le+Conflit+de+Chypre+et+les+Chypriotes+Turcs&rft.pub=Ajans+T%C3%BCrk&rft.date=1961&rft.aulast=Bilge&rft.aufirst=Ali+Suat&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+Cypriots" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoyleSheen1997" class="citation cs2">Boyle, Kevin; Sheen, Juliet (1997), <i>Freedom of Religion and Belief: A World Report</i>, Routledge, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-15978-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-15978-4"><bdi>0-415-15978-4</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Freedom+of+Religion+and+Belief%3A+A+World+Report&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0-415-15978-4&rft.aulast=Boyle&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft.au=Sheen%2C+Juliet&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+Cypriots" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBridgwood1995" class="citation cs2">Bridgwood, Ann (1995), "Dancing the Jar: Girls' Dress and Turkish Cypriot Weddings", in <a href="/wiki/Joanne_Eicher" title="Joanne Eicher">Eicher, Joanne Bubolz</a> (ed.), <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dressethnicitych0000unse"><i>Dress and Ethnicity: Change Across Space and Time</i></a></span>, Berg Publishers, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85973-003-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85973-003-4"><bdi>978-1-85973-003-4</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Dancing+the+Jar%3A+Girls%27+Dress+and+Turkish+Cypriot+Weddings&rft.btitle=Dress+and+Ethnicity%3A+Change+Across+Space+and+Time&rft.pub=Berg+Publishers&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-1-85973-003-4&rft.aulast=Bridgwood&rft.aufirst=Ann&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdressethnicitych0000unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+Cypriots" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBroome2004" class="citation cs2">Broome, Benjamin J. (2004), "Building a Shared Future across the Divide: Identity and Conflict in Cyprus", in Fong, Mary; Chuang, Rueyling (eds.), <i>Communicating Ethnic and Cultural Identity</i>, Rowman & Littlefield, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/074251739X" title="Special:BookSources/074251739X"><bdi>074251739X</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Building+a+Shared+Future+across+the+Divide%3A+Identity+and+Conflict+in+Cyprus&rft.btitle=Communicating+Ethnic+and+Cultural+Identity&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=074251739X&rft.aulast=Broome&rft.aufirst=Benjamin+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+Cypriots" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBryantPapadakis2012" class="citation cs2">Bryant, Rebecca; Papadakis, Yiannis (2012), <i>Cyprus and the Politics of Memory: History, Community and Conflict</i>, I.B.Tauris, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1780761077" title="Special:BookSources/978-1780761077"><bdi>978-1780761077</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cyprus+and+the+Politics+of+Memory%3A+History%2C+Community+and+Conflict&rft.pub=I.B.Tauris&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1780761077&rft.aulast=Bryant&rft.aufirst=Rebecca&rft.au=Papadakis%2C+Yiannis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+Cypriots" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeckingham1957" class="citation cs2">Beckingham, C.F. (1957), "The Turks of Cyprus", <i>The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland</i>, <b>87</b> (2): 165–174, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2844102">10.2307/2844102</a>, <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2844102">2844102</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+the+Royal+Anthropological+Institute+of+Great+Britain+and+Ireland&rft.atitle=The+Turks+of+Cyprus&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=165-174&rft.date=1957&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2844102&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2844102%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Beckingham&rft.aufirst=C.F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+Cypriots" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFÇakmak2008" class="citation cs2">Çakmak, Zafer (2008), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://e-dergi.atauni.edu.tr/index.php/taed/article/viewFile/1938/1936">"Kıbrıs'tan Anadolu'ya Türk Göçü (1878–1938)"</a>, <i>Türkiyat Araştırmaları Enstitüsü Dergisi</i>, <b>14</b> (36): 201–223, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.14222%2Fturkiyat767">10.14222/turkiyat767</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=T%C3%BCrkiyat+Ara%C5%9Ft%C4%B1rmalar%C4%B1+Enstit%C3%BCs%C3%BC+Dergisi&rft.atitle=K%C4%B1br%C4%B1s%27tan+Anadolu%27ya+T%C3%BCrk+G%C3%B6%C3%A7%C3%BC+%281878%E2%80%931938%29&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=36&rft.pages=201-223&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.14222%2Fturkiyat767&rft.aulast=%C3%87akmak&rft.aufirst=Zafer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fe-dergi.atauni.edu.tr%2Findex.php%2Ftaed%2Farticle%2FviewFile%2F1938%2F1936&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+Cypriots" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged March 2021">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCahit2014" class="citation cs2">Cahit, Neriman (2014), <i>Brides for Sale</i>, TCAUW, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789963737345" title="Special:BookSources/9789963737345"><bdi>9789963737345</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Brides+for+Sale&rft.pub=TCAUW&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9789963737345&rft.aulast=Cahit&rft.aufirst=Neriman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+Cypriots" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCanefe2002" class="citation cs2">Canefe, Nergis (2002), "Markers of Turkish Cypriot History in the Diaspora: Power, visibility and identity", <i>Rethinking History</i>, <b>6</b> (1): 57–76, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F13642520110112119">10.1080/13642520110112119</a>, <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/440918386">440918386</a>, <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:143498169">143498169</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rethinking+History&rft.atitle=Markers+of+Turkish+Cypriot+History+in+the+Diaspora%3A+Power%2C+visibility+and+identity&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=57-76&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F440918386&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A143498169%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F13642520110112119&rft.aulast=Canefe&rft.aufirst=Nergis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+Cypriots" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarmentJamesTaydas2006" class="citation cs2">Carment, David; James, Patrick; Taydas, Zeynep (2006), <i>Who Intervenes?: Ethnic Conflict and Interstate Crisis</i>, Ohio State University Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8142-1013-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-8142-1013-9"><bdi>0-8142-1013-9</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Who+Intervenes%3F%3A+Ethnic+Conflict+and+Interstate+Crisis&rft.pub=Ohio+State+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-8142-1013-9&rft.aulast=Carment&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=James%2C+Patrick&rft.au=Taydas%2C+Zeynep&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+Cypriots" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCassia2007" class="citation cs2">Cassia, Paul Sant (2007), <i>Bodies of Evidence: Burial, Memory, and the Recovery of Missing Persons in Cyprus</i>, Berghahn Books, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84545-228-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84545-228-5"><bdi>978-1-84545-228-5</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bodies+of+Evidence%3A+Burial%2C+Memory%2C+and+the+Recovery+of+Missing+Persons+in+Cyprus&rft.pub=Berghahn+Books&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-84545-228-5&rft.aulast=Cassia&rft.aufirst=Paul+Sant&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+Cypriots" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFÇevikel2000" class="citation cs2">Çevikel, Serkan (2000), <i>Kıbrıs Eyaleti, Yönetim, Kilise, Ayan ve Halk (1750 - 1800)</i>, Eastern Mediterranean University Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/975938650X" title="Special:BookSources/975938650X"><bdi>975938650X</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=K%C4%B1br%C4%B1s+Eyaleti%2C+Y%C3%B6netim%2C+Kilise%2C+Ayan+ve+Halk+%281750+-+1800%29&rft.pub=Eastern+Mediterranean+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=975938650X&rft.aulast=%C3%87evikel&rft.aufirst=Serkan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+Cypriots" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClogg1992" class="citation cs2">Clogg, Richard (1992), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/concisehistoryof00clog_0"><i>A Concise History of Greece</i></a>, Cambridge University Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0521808723" title="Special:BookSources/0521808723"><bdi>0521808723</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Concise+History+of+Greece&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=0521808723&rft.aulast=Clogg&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fconcisehistoryof00clog_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+Cypriots" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCockburn2004" class="citation cs2">Cockburn, Cynthia (2004), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/linewomenpartiti0000cock"><i>The line: Women, Partition and the Gender Order in Cyprus</i></a>, Zed Books, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84277-421-2" title="Special:BookSources/1-84277-421-2"><bdi>1-84277-421-2</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+line%3A+Women%2C+Partition+and+the+Gender+Order+in+Cyprus&rft.pub=Zed+Books&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=1-84277-421-2&rft.aulast=Cockburn&rft.aufirst=Cynthia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flinewomenpartiti0000cock&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+Cypriots" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFConstandinidesPapadakis2014" class="citation cs2">Constandinides, Costas; Papadakis, Yiannis (2014), "Introduction: Scenarios of History, Themes, and Politics in Cypriot Cinemas", <i>Cypriot Cinemas: Memory, Conflict, and Identity in the Margins of Europe</i>, Bloomsbury Publishing, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1623564605" title="Special:BookSources/978-1623564605"><bdi>978-1623564605</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Introduction%3A+Scenarios+of+History%2C+Themes%2C+and+Politics+in+Cypriot+Cinemas&rft.btitle=Cypriot+Cinemas%3A+Memory%2C+Conflict%2C+and+Identity+in+the+Margins+of+Europe&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1623564605&rft.aulast=Constandinides&rft.aufirst=Costas&rft.au=Papadakis%2C+Yiannis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+Cypriots" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFConstantini2009" class="citation cs2">Constantini, Vera (2009), "In Search of Lost Prosperity: Aspects and Phases of Cyprus's Integration into the Ottoman Empire", in Michael, Michalis.N.; Kappler, Matthias; Gavriel, Eftihios (eds.), <i>Ottoman Cyprus: A Collection of Studies on History and Culture</i>, Harrassowitz Verlag, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3447058995" title="Special:BookSources/978-3447058995"><bdi>978-3447058995</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=In+Search+of+Lost+Prosperity%3A+Aspects+and+Phases+of+Cyprus%E2%80%99s+Integration+into+the+Ottoman+Empire&rft.btitle=Ottoman+Cyprus%3A+A+Collection+of+Studies+on+History+and+Culture&rft.pub=Harrassowitz+Verlag&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-3447058995&rft.aulast=Constantini&rft.aufirst=Vera&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+Cypriots" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDarke2009" class="citation cs2">Darke, Diana (2009), <i>North Cyprus</i>, Bradt Travel Guides, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84162-244-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84162-244-6"><bdi>978-1-84162-244-6</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=North+Cyprus&rft.pub=Bradt+Travel+Guides&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-84162-244-6&rft.aulast=Darke&rft.aufirst=Diana&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+Cypriots" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavey1994" class="citation cs2">Davey, Eileen (1994), <i>Northern Cyprus: A Traveller's Guide</i>, I.B.Tauris, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85043-747-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-85043-747-5"><bdi>1-85043-747-5</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Northern+Cyprus%3A+A+Traveller%27s+Guide&rft.pub=I.B.Tauris&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=1-85043-747-5&rft.aulast=Davey&rft.aufirst=Eileen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+Cypriots" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDemirtaş-Coşkun2010" class="citation cs2">Demirtaş-Coşkun, Birgül (2010), "Reconsidering the Cyprus Issue: An Anatomy of Failure of European Catalyst (1995-2002)", in Laçiner, Sedat; Özcan, Mehmet; Bal, İhsan (eds.), <i>USAK Yearbook of International Politics and Law 2010, Vol. 3</i>, USAK Books, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-605-4030-26-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-605-4030-26-2"><bdi>978-605-4030-26-2</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Reconsidering+the+Cyprus+Issue%3A+An+Anatomy+of+Failure+of+European+Catalyst+%281995-2002%29&rft.btitle=USAK+Yearbook+of+International+Politics+and+Law+2010%2C+Vol.+3&rft.pub=USAK+Books&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-605-4030-26-2&rft.aulast=Demirta%C5%9F-Co%C5%9Fkun&rft.aufirst=Birg%C3%BCl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+Cypriots" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDjavit_An2008" class="citation cs2">Djavit An, Ahmet (2008), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110726223113/http://www.kibristakulturmucadelesi.org/Kitaplar/dosya/Ahmet%20An%20-%20Origins%20of%20Turkish%20Cypriots%20and%20their%20culture.pdf"><i>Origins of the Turkish Cypriots</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, Kibris Kültür Mücadelesi, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kibristakulturmucadelesi.org/Kitaplar/dosya/Ahmet%20An%20-%20Origins%20of%20Turkish%20Cypriots%20and%20their%20culture.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 26 July 2011</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Origins+of+the+Turkish+Cypriots&rft.pub=Kibris+K%C3%BClt%C3%BCr+M%C3%BCcadelesi&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Djavit+An&rft.aufirst=Ahmet&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kibristakulturmucadelesi.org%2FKitaplar%2Fdosya%2FAhmet%2520An%2520-%2520Origins%2520of%2520Turkish%2520Cypriots%2520and%2520their%2520culture.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+Cypriots" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazioğlu1990" class="citation cs2">Gazioğlu, Ahmet C (1990), <i>The Turks in Cyprus: A province of the Ottoman Empire (1571–1878)</i>, K.Rustem & Brother, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9963565131" title="Special:BookSources/9963565131"><bdi>9963565131</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Turks+in+Cyprus%3A+A+province+of+the+Ottoman+Empire+%281571%E2%80%931878%29&rft.pub=K.Rustem+%26+Brother&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=9963565131&rft.aulast=Gazio%C4%9Flu&rft.aufirst=Ahmet+C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+Cypriots" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGöktepe2003" class="citation cs2">Göktepe, Cihat (2003), <i>British foreign policy towards Turkey, 1959-1965</i>, Routledge, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7146-5396-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-7146-5396-9"><bdi>0-7146-5396-9</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=British+foreign+policy+towards+Turkey%2C+1959-1965&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-7146-5396-9&rft.aulast=G%C3%B6ktepe&rft.aufirst=Cihat&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+Cypriots" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoetz2008" class="citation cs2">Goetz, Rolf (2008), <i>Cyprus: 42 selected walks in the valleys and mountains</i>, <a href="/wiki/Bergverlag_Rother_GmbH" class="mw-redirect" title="Bergverlag Rother GmbH">Bergverlag Rother GmbH</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-7633-4814-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-7633-4814-5"><bdi>978-3-7633-4814-5</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cyprus%3A+42+selected+walks+in+the+valleys+and+mountains&rft.pub=Bergverlag+Rother+GmbH&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-3-7633-4814-5&rft.aulast=Goetz&rft.aufirst=Rolf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+Cypriots" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGüven-Lisaniler2003" class="citation cs2">Güven-Lisaniler, Fatma (2003), <i>Assessing the Status of Women: A Step Towards Equality</i>, Turkish Cypriot University Women Association</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Assessing+the+Status+of+Women%3A+A+Step+Towards+Equality&rft.pub=Turkish+Cypriot+University+Women+Association&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=G%C3%BCven-Lisaniler&rft.aufirst=Fatma&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+Cypriots" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGüven-LisanilerRodriguez2002" class="citation cs2">Güven-Lisaniler, Fatma; Rodriguez, Leopoldo (2002), "The social and economic impact of EU membership on northern Cyprus", in Diez, Thomas (ed.), <i>The European Union and the Cyprus Conflict: Modern Conflict, Postmodern Union</i>, Manchester University Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0719060796" title="Special:BookSources/0719060796"><bdi>0719060796</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+social+and+economic+impact+of+EU+membership+on+northern+Cyprus&rft.btitle=The+European+Union+and+the+Cyprus+Conflict%3A+Modern+Conflict%2C+Postmodern+Union&rft.pub=Manchester+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0719060796&rft.aulast=G%C3%BCven-Lisaniler&rft.aufirst=Fatma&rft.au=Rodriguez%2C+Leopoldo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+Cypriots" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHatay2007" class="citation cs2">Hatay, Mete (2007), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.prio.org/Global/upload/Cyprus/Publications/Is%20the%20Turkish%20Cypriot%20Population%20Shrinking.pdf"><i>Is the Turkish Cypriot population shrinking?</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, International Peace Research Institute, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-82-7288-244-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-82-7288-244-9"><bdi>978-82-7288-244-9</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Is+the+Turkish+Cypriot+population+shrinking%3F&rft.pub=International+Peace+Research+Institute&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-82-7288-244-9&rft.aulast=Hatay&rft.aufirst=Mete&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.prio.org%2FGlobal%2Fupload%2FCyprus%2FPublications%2FIs%2520the%2520Turkish%2520Cypriot%2520Population%2520Shrinking.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+Cypriots" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeperCriss2009" class="citation cs2">Heper, Metin; Criss, Bilge (2009), <i>Historical Dictionary of Turkey</i>, Scarecrow Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0810860650" title="Special:BookSources/978-0810860650"><bdi>978-0810860650</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+Turkey&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0810860650&rft.aulast=Heper&rft.aufirst=Metin&rft.au=Criss%2C+Bilge&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+Cypriots" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHill1948" class="citation cs2">Hill, George Francis (1948), <i>A History of Cyprus. Vol.2: The Frankish Period, 1192-1432</i>, Cambridge University Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1108020631" title="Special:BookSources/1108020631"><bdi>1108020631</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Cyprus.+Vol.2%3A+The+Frankish+Period%2C+1192-1432&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1948&rft.isbn=1108020631&rft.aulast=Hill&rft.aufirst=George+Francis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+Cypriots" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHill1948b" class="citation cs2">Hill, George Francis (1948b), <i>A History of Cyprus. Vol.3: The Frankish Period, 1432-1571</i>, Cambridge University Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/110802064X" title="Special:BookSources/110802064X"><bdi>110802064X</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Cyprus.+Vol.3%3A+The+Frankish+Period%2C+1432-1571&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1948&rft.isbn=110802064X&rft.aulast=Hill&rft.aufirst=George+Francis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+Cypriots" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHill1952" class="citation cs2">Hill, George Francis (1952), <i>A History of Cyprus. Vol.4: The Ottoman province, the British colony, 1571-1948</i>, Cambridge University Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1108020658" title="Special:BookSources/1108020658"><bdi>1108020658</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Cyprus.+Vol.4%3A+The+Ottoman+province%2C+the+British+colony%2C+1571-1948&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1952&rft.isbn=1108020658&rft.aulast=Hill&rft.aufirst=George+Francis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+Cypriots" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHüssein2007" class="citation cs2">Hüssein, Serkan (2007), <i>Yesterday & Today: Turkish Cypriots of Australia</i>, Serkan Hussein, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-646-47783-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-646-47783-1"><bdi>978-0-646-47783-1</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Yesterday+%26+Today%3A+Turkish+Cypriots+of+Australia&rft.pub=Serkan+Hussein&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-646-47783-1&rft.aulast=H%C3%BCssein&rft.aufirst=Serkan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+Cypriots" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFInalcik" class="citation cs2">Inalcik, Halil, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110718165220/http://www.sam.gov.tr/perceptions/Volume2/June-August1997/volII2ANOTEONTHEPOPULATIONOFCYPRUS.pdf"><i>A Note of the Population of Cyprus</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, Bilkent University, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sam.gov.tr/perceptions/Volume2/June-August1997/volII2ANOTEONTHEPOPULATIONOFCYPRUS.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 18 July 2011</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Note+of+the+Population+of+Cyprus&rft.pub=Bilkent+University&rft.aulast=Inalcik&rft.aufirst=Halil&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sam.gov.tr%2Fperceptions%2FVolume2%2FJune-August1997%2FvolII2ANOTEONTHEPOPULATIONOFCYPRUS.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+Cypriots" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIoannides1991" class="citation cs2">Ioannides, Christos P. (1991), <i>In Turkeys Image: The Transformation of Occupied Cyprus into a Turkish Province</i>, Aristide D. Caratzas, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-89241-509-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-89241-509-6"><bdi>0-89241-509-6</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=In+Turkeys+Image%3A+The+Transformation+of+Occupied+Cyprus+into+a+Turkish+Province&rft.pub=Aristide+D.+Caratzas&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0-89241-509-6&rft.aulast=Ioannides&rft.aufirst=Christos+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+Cypriots" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJennings1993" class="citation cs2">Jennings, Ronald (1993), <i>Christians and Muslims in Ottoman Cyprus and the Mediterranean World, 1571-1640</i>, New York University Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0814741819" title="Special:BookSources/0814741819"><bdi>0814741819</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Christians+and+Muslims+in+Ottoman+Cyprus+and+the+Mediterranean+World%2C+1571-1640&rft.pub=New+York+University+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=0814741819&rft.aulast=Jennings&rft.aufirst=Ronald&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+Cypriots" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohanson2011" class="citation cs2">Johanson, Lars (2011), "Multilingual states and empires in the history of Europe: the Ottoman Empire", in Kortmann, Bernd; Van Der Auwera, Johan (eds.), <i>The Languages and Linguistics of Europe: A Comprehensive Guide, Volume 2</i>, Walter de Gruyter, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3110220254" title="Special:BookSources/978-3110220254"><bdi>978-3110220254</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Multilingual+states+and+empires+in+the+history+of+Europe%3A+the+Ottoman+Empire&rft.btitle=The+Languages+and+Linguistics+of+Europe%3A+A+Comprehensive+Guide%2C+Volume+2&rft.pub=Walter+de+Gruyter&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-3110220254&rft.aulast=Johanson&rft.aufirst=Lars&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+Cypriots" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKızılyürek2006" class="citation cs2">Kızılyürek, Niyazi (2006), "The Turkish Cypriots from an Ottoman-Muslim Community to a National Community", in Faustmann, Hubert; Peristianis, Nicos (eds.), <i>Britain in Cyprus: Colonialism and Post-Colonialism, 1878-2006</i>, Bibliopolis, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3933925363" title="Special:BookSources/3933925363"><bdi>3933925363</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Turkish+Cypriots+from+an+Ottoman-Muslim+Community+to+a+National+Community&rft.btitle=Britain+in+Cyprus%3A+Colonialism+and+Post-Colonialism%2C+1878-2006&rft.pub=Bibliopolis&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=3933925363&rft.aulast=K%C4%B1z%C4%B1ly%C3%BCrek&rft.aufirst=Niyazi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+Cypriots" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKliot2007" class="citation cs2">Kliot, Nurit (2007), "Resettlement of Refugees in Finland and Cyprus: A Comparative Analysis and Possible Lessons for Israel", in Kacowicz, Arie Marcelo; Lutomski, Pawel (eds.), <i>Population resettlement in international conflicts: a comparative study</i>, Lexington Books, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7391-1607-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7391-1607-4"><bdi>978-0-7391-1607-4</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Resettlement+of+Refugees+in+Finland+and+Cyprus%3A+A+Comparative+Analysis+and+Possible+Lessons+for+Israel&rft.btitle=Population+resettlement+in+international+conflicts%3A+a+comparative+study&rft.pub=Lexington+Books&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-7391-1607-4&rft.aulast=Kliot&rft.aufirst=Nurit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+Cypriots" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMachairas1932" class="citation cs2">Machairas, Leontios (1932), <i>Recital Concerning the Sweet Land of Cyprus, Entitled 'Chronicle', Volume 2</i>, Clarendon Press</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Recital+Concerning+the+Sweet+Land+of+Cyprus%2C+Entitled+%27Chronicle%27%2C+Volume+2&rft.pub=Clarendon+Press&rft.date=1932&rft.aulast=Machairas&rft.aufirst=Leontios&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+Cypriots" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMertAli-AybarRize1994" class="citation cs2">Mert, Kadir; Ali-Aybar, Mehmet; Rize, Ekrem (1994), "Kıbrıslı Türk Kimliği", <i>K.K.T.C. 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(2008), <i>Elevating and Safeguarding Culture Using Tools of the Information Society: Dusty traces of the Muslim culture</i>, Earthlab, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-960-233-187-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-960-233-187-3"><bdi>978-960-233-187-3</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Elevating+and+Safeguarding+Culture+Using+Tools+of+the+Information+Society%3A+Dusty+traces+of+the+Muslim+culture&rft.pub=Earthlab&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-960-233-187-3&rft.aulast=Mikropoulos&rft.aufirst=Tassos+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+Cypriots" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNesim1987" class="citation cs2">Nesim, Ali (1987), <i>Batmayan Eğitim Güneşlerimiz</i>, KKTC Milli Eğitim ve Kültür Bakanlığı</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Batmayan+E%C4%9Fitim+G%C3%BCne%C5%9Flerimiz&rft.pub=KKTC+Milli+E%C4%9Fitim+ve+K%C3%BClt%C3%BCr+Bakanl%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1&rft.date=1987&rft.aulast=Nesim&rft.aufirst=Ali&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+Cypriots" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNevzat2005" class="citation cs2">Nevzat, Altay (2005), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://herkules.oulu.fi/isbn9514277511/isbn9514277511.pdf"><i>Nationalism Amongst the Turks of Cyprus: The First Wave</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, Oulu University Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9514277503" title="Special:BookSources/9514277503"><bdi>9514277503</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nationalism+Amongst+the+Turks+of+Cyprus%3A+The+First+Wave&rft.pub=Oulu+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9514277503&rft.aulast=Nevzat&rft.aufirst=Altay&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fherkules.oulu.fi%2Fisbn9514277511%2Fisbn9514277511.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+Cypriots" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNevzatHatay2009" class="citation cs2">Nevzat, Altay; Hatay, Mete (2009), "Politics, Society and the Decline of Islam in Cyprus: From the Ottoman Era to the Twenty-First Century", <i>Middle Eastern Studies</i>, <b>45</b> (6): 911–933, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00263200903268686">10.1080/00263200903268686</a>, <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144063498">144063498</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Middle+Eastern+Studies&rft.atitle=Politics%2C+Society+and+the+Decline+of+Islam+in+Cyprus%3A+From+the+Ottoman+Era+to+the+Twenty-First+Century&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=911-933&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00263200903268686&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144063498%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Nevzat&rft.aufirst=Altay&rft.au=Hatay%2C+Mete&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+Cypriots" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOrhonlu1971" class="citation cs2">Orhonlu, Cengiz (1971), "The Ottoman Turks Settle in Cyprus", in Inalcık, Halil (ed.), <i>The First International Congress of Cypriot Studies: Presentations of the Turkish Delegation</i>, Institute for the Study of Turkish Culture</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Ottoman+Turks+Settle+in+Cyprus&rft.btitle=The+First+International+Congress+of+Cypriot+Studies%3A+Presentations+of+the+Turkish+Delegation&rft.pub=Institute+for+the+Study+of+Turkish+Culture&rft.date=1971&rft.aulast=Orhonlu&rft.aufirst=Cengiz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+Cypriots" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPanayiotopoulosDreef2002" class="citation cs2">Panayiotopoulos, Prodromos; Dreef, Marja (2002), "London: Economic Differentiation and Policy Making", in Rath, Jan (ed.), <i>Unravelling the rag trade: immigrant entrepreneurship in seven world cities</i>, Berg Publishers, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85973-423-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85973-423-0"><bdi>978-1-85973-423-0</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=London%3A+Economic+Differentiation+and+Policy+Making&rft.btitle=Unravelling+the+rag+trade%3A+immigrant+entrepreneurship+in+seven+world+cities&rft.pub=Berg+Publishers&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-1-85973-423-0&rft.aulast=Panayiotopoulos&rft.aufirst=Prodromos&rft.au=Dreef%2C+Marja&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+Cypriots" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPanteli1990" class="citation cs2">Panteli, Stavros (1990), <i>The Making of Modern Cyprus: From Obscurity to Statehood</i>, CInterworld Publications, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-948853-09-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-948853-09-3"><bdi>0-948853-09-3</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Making+of+Modern+Cyprus%3A+From+Obscurity+to+Statehood&rft.pub=CInterworld+Publications&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=0-948853-09-3&rft.aulast=Panteli&rft.aufirst=Stavros&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+Cypriots" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPapadakis2005" class="citation cs2">Papadakis, Yiannis (2005), <i>Echoes from the Dead Zone: Across the Cyprus divide</i>, I.B.Tauris, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85043-428-X" title="Special:BookSources/1-85043-428-X"><bdi>1-85043-428-X</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Echoes+from+the+Dead+Zone%3A+Across+the+Cyprus+divide&rft.pub=I.B.Tauris&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=1-85043-428-X&rft.aulast=Papadakis&rft.aufirst=Yiannis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+Cypriots" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPercival1948" class="citation cs2">Percival, David Athelstane (1948), <i>Cyprus: Census of Population and Agriculture 1946</i>, Crown Agents for the Colonies</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cyprus%3A+Census+of+Population+and+Agriculture+1946&rft.pub=Crown+Agents+for+the+Colonies&rft.date=1948&rft.aulast=Percival&rft.aufirst=David+Athelstane&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+Cypriots" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRowan-moorhouse2007" class="citation cs2">Rowan-moorhouse, Libby (2007), <i>In the Land of Aphrodite</i>, Power Publishing, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9963-673-17-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-9963-673-17-9"><bdi>978-9963-673-17-9</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=In+the+Land+of+Aphrodite&rft.pub=Power+Publishing&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-9963-673-17-9&rft.aulast=Rowan-moorhouse&rft.aufirst=Libby&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+Cypriots" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRudolph2008" class="citation cs2">Rudolph, Joseph Russell (2008), <i>Hot spot: North America and Europe</i>, ABC-CLIO, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-33621-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-33621-8"><bdi>978-0-313-33621-8</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hot+spot%3A+North+America+and+Europe&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-313-33621-8&rft.aulast=Rudolph&rft.aufirst=Joseph+Russell&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+Cypriots" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSalih1968" class="citation cs2">Salih, Halil Ibrahim (1968), <i>Cyprus: An Analysis of Cypriot Political Discord</i>, Brooklyn: T. Gaus' Sons</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cyprus%3A+An+Analysis+of+Cypriot+Political+Discord&rft.place=Brooklyn&rft.pub=T.+Gaus%27+Sons&rft.date=1968&rft.aulast=Salih&rft.aufirst=Halil+Ibrahim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+Cypriots" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSavvides2004" class="citation cs2">Savvides, Philippos K (2004), "Partition Revisited: The International Dimension and the Case of Cyprus", in Danopoulos, Constantine Panos; Vajpeyi, Dhirendra K.; Bar-Or, Amir (eds.), <i>Civil-military relations, nation building, and national identity: comparative perspectives</i>, Greenwood Publishing Group, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-275-97923-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-275-97923-7"><bdi>0-275-97923-7</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Partition+Revisited%3A+The+International+Dimension+and+the+Case+of+Cyprus&rft.btitle=Civil-military+relations%2C+nation+building%2C+and+national+identity%3A+comparative+perspectives&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-275-97923-7&rft.aulast=Savvides&rft.aufirst=Philippos+K&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+Cypriots" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShawn1976" class="citation cs2">Shawn, Stanford J. (1976), <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofottoman00stan"><i>History of the Ottoman Empire and modern Turkey, Volume 1</i></a></span>, Cambridge University Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-29163-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-29163-1"><bdi>0-521-29163-1</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Ottoman+Empire+and+modern+Turkey%2C+Volume+1&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1976&rft.isbn=0-521-29163-1&rft.aulast=Shawn&rft.aufirst=Stanford+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryofottoman00stan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+Cypriots" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSonyel2000" class="citation cs2">Sonyel, Salahi R. (2000), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110718165207/http://www.sam.gov.tr/perceptions/Volume5/September-November2000/SalahiSonyel.pdf">"Turkish Migrants in Europe"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, <i>Perceptions</i>, <b>5</b> (Sept–Nov 2000), Center for Strategic Research: 146–153, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sam.gov.tr/perceptions/Volume5/September-November2000/SalahiSonyel.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 18 July 2011</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Perceptions&rft.atitle=Turkish+Migrants+in+Europe&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=Sept%E2%80%93Nov+2000&rft.pages=146-153&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=Sonyel&rft.aufirst=Salahi+R.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sam.gov.tr%2Fperceptions%2FVolume5%2FSeptember-November2000%2FSalahiSonyel.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+Cypriots" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpilling2000" class="citation cs2">Spilling, Michael (2000), <i>Cyprus</i>, Marshall Cavendish, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7614-0978-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-7614-0978-5"><bdi>0-7614-0978-5</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cyprus&rft.pub=Marshall+Cavendish&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-7614-0978-5&rft.aulast=Spilling&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+Cypriots" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSt._John-Jones1983" class="citation cs2">St. John-Jones, L.W. (1983), <i>Population of Cyprus: Demographic Trends and Socio-economic Influences</i>, Maurice Temple Smith Ltd, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0851172326" title="Special:BookSources/0851172326"><bdi>0851172326</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Population+of+Cyprus%3A+Demographic+Trends+and+Socio-economic+Influences&rft.pub=Maurice+Temple+Smith+Ltd&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=0851172326&rft.aulast=St.+John-Jones&rft.aufirst=L.W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+Cypriots" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStrüder2003" class="citation cs2">Strüder, Inge R. (2003), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.lse.ac.uk/geographyAndEnvironment/research/Researchpapers/rp88.pdf"><i>Do concepts of ethnic economies explain existing minority enterprises? The Turkish speaking economies in London</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, London School of Economics, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7530-1727-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-7530-1727-X"><bdi>0-7530-1727-X</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Do+concepts+of+ethnic+economies+explain+existing+minority+enterprises%3F+The+Turkish+speaking+economies+in+London&rft.pub=London+School+of+Economics&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-7530-1727-X&rft.aulast=Str%C3%BCder&rft.aufirst=Inge+R.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.lse.ac.uk%2FgeographyAndEnvironment%2Fresearch%2FResearchpapers%2Frp88.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+Cypriots" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTocci2004" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Nathalie_Tocci" title="Nathalie Tocci">Tocci, Nathalie</a> (2004), <i>EU accession dynamics and conflict resolution: catalysing peace or consolidating partition in Cyprus?</i>, Ashgate Publishing, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7546-4310-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-7546-4310-7"><bdi>0-7546-4310-7</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=EU+accession+dynamics+and+conflict+resolution%3A+catalysing+peace+or+consolidating+partition+in+Cyprus%3F&rft.pub=Ashgate+Publishing&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-7546-4310-7&rft.aulast=Tocci&rft.aufirst=Nathalie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+Cypriots" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTocci2007" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Nathalie_Tocci" title="Nathalie Tocci">Tocci, Nathalie</a> (2007), <i>The EU and Conflict Resolution: Promoting Peace in the Backyard</i>, Routledge, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-41394-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-41394-7"><bdi>978-0-415-41394-7</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+EU+and+Conflict+Resolution%3A+Promoting+Peace+in+the+Backyard&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-415-41394-7&rft.aulast=Tocci&rft.aufirst=Nathalie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+Cypriots" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTRNC_PRIME_MINISTRY_STATE_PLANNING_ORGANIZATION2006" class="citation cs2">TRNC PRIME MINISTRY STATE PLANNING ORGANIZATION (2006), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nufussayimi.devplan.org/Census%202006.pdf"><i>TRNC General Population and Housing Unit Census</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, TRNC Prime Ministry State Planning Organization</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=TRNC+General+Population+and+Housing+Unit+Census&rft.pub=TRNC+Prime+Ministry+State+Planning+Organization&rft.date=2006&rft.au=TRNC+PRIME+MINISTRY+STATE+PLANNING+ORGANIZATION&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnufussayimi.devplan.org%2FCensus%25202006.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+Cypriots" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTurkish_Cypriot_Human_Rights_Committee1979" class="citation cs2">Turkish Cypriot Human Rights Committee (1979), <i>Human rights in Cyprus</i>, University of Michigan</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Human+rights+in+Cyprus&rft.pub=University+of+Michigan&rft.date=1979&rft.au=Turkish+Cypriot+Human+Rights+Committee&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+Cypriots" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWelinEkelund2004" class="citation cs2">Welin, Gustaf; Ekelund, Christer (2004), <i>The UN in Cyprus: Swedish Peace-keeping Operations 1964-1993</i>, Hurst & Company, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85065-741-6" title="Special:BookSources/1-85065-741-6"><bdi>1-85065-741-6</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+UN+in+Cyprus%3A+Swedish+Peace-keeping+Operations+1964-1993&rft.pub=Hurst+%26+Company&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=1-85065-741-6&rft.aulast=Welin&rft.aufirst=Gustaf&rft.au=Ekelund%2C+Christer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+Cypriots" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFXypolia2011" class="citation cs2">Xypolia, Ilia (2011), "Cypriot Muslims among Ottomans, Turks and British", <i>Bogazici Journal</i>, <b>25</b> (2): 109–120, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.21773%2Fboun.25.2.6">10.21773/boun.25.2.6</a></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bogazici+Journal&rft.atitle=Cypriot+Muslims+among+Ottomans%2C+Turks+and+British&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=109-120&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.21773%2Fboun.25.2.6&rft.aulast=Xypolia&rft.aufirst=Ilia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+Cypriots" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYilmaz2005" class="citation cs2">Yilmaz, Ihsan (2005), <i>Muslim Laws, Politics and Society in Modern Nation States: Dynamic Legal Pluralisms in England, Turkey and Pakistan</i>, Ashgate Publishing, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7546-4389-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-7546-4389-1"><bdi>0-7546-4389-1</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Muslim+Laws%2C+Politics+and+Society+in+Modern+Nation+States%3A+Dynamic+Legal+Pluralisms+in+England%2C+Turkey+and+Pakistan&rft.pub=Ashgate+Publishing&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-7546-4389-1&rft.aulast=Yilmaz&rft.aufirst=Ihsan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkish+Cypriots" class="Z3988"></span>.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkish_Cypriots&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Baybars, Taner, Plucked in a far-off land, London: Victor Gollancz, 1970.</li> <li>Beckingham, C. F., <i>The Cypriot Turks</i>, Journal of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Central_Asian_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Central Asian Society">Royal Central Asian Society</a>, vol. 43, pp. 126–30, 1956.</li> <li>Beckingham, C. F., <i>The Turks of Cyprus</i>, Journal of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Anthropological_Institute_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland">Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland</a>. vol 87(II), pp. 165–74. July–Dec. 1957.</li> <li>Beckingham, C. F., <i>Islam and Turkish nationalism in Cyprus</i>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Die_Welt_des_Islam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Die Welt des Islam (page does not exist)">Die Welt des Islam</a>, NS, Vol 5, 65–83, 1957.</li> <li>Committee on Turkish Affairs, An investigation into matters concerning and affecting the Turkish community in Cyprus: Interim report, Nicosia: Government Printing Office, 1949.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girolamo_Dandini_(1554%E2%80%931634)" class="mw-redirect" title="Girolamo Dandini (1554–1634)">Dandini, Jerome</a>. <i>Voyage du Mont Liban / traduit de l'Italien du R. P. Jerome Dandini ... Ou il est traité tant de la créance ... des Maronites, que des plusieurs particularitez touchant les Turcs ... avec des remarques sur la theologie des chrétiens & ... des mahometans. Par R. S. P.</i></li> <li>Jennings, Ronald C., Christians and Muslims in Ottoman Cyprus and the Mediterranean World, 1571–1640, New York University Studies in Near Eastern Civilization-Number XVIII, New York University Press, New York and London, 1993-Acknowledgments ix–xi + 428 pp.</li> <li>Oakley, Robin, <i>The Turkish peoples of Cyprus</i>, in Margaret Bainbridge, ed, The Turkic peoples of the world. (pp. 85–117), New York: Kegan Paul, 1993</li> <li>Xypolia, Ilia, British Imperialism and Turkish Nationalism in Cyprus, 1923–1939: Divide, Define and Rule, London: Routledge, 2011.</li> <li>Winbladh, M.-L.,<i>The Origins of The Cypriots. With Scientific Data of Archaeology and Genetics,</i> Galeri Kültür, Lefkoşa 2020, Cyprus</li> <li>Winbladh, M.-L., Adventures of an archaeologist. Memoirs of a museum curator, AKAKIA Publications, London 2020</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkish_Cypriots&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Turkish_Cypriots" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Turkish Cypriots">Turkish Cypriots</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cezire.org/">Cezire Association – Researchers of Turkish Cypriot history and culture</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cypnet.co.uk/ncyprus/people/cypturks/">Historical Origins of Turkish Cypriot People</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060818023423/http://www.untoldlondon.org.uk/archives/TRA35012.html">Oral histories of Turkish Cypriots in Britain</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070517112908/http://www.turkishcypriotheritage.org/">History of Turkish Cypriots in Britain</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.museumoflondon.org.uk/English/Collections/Onlineresources/RWWC/themes/1295/1283">Reassessing what we collect website – Turkish Cypriot London</a> History of Turkish Cypriot London with objects and images</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.turkishcypriots.com.au/">Turkish Cypriots of Australia – Historical Book</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.embargoed.org/">Turkish Cypriot Lobby Group in the UK</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120331121155/http://www.turkishcypriots.org.au/">North Cyprus Turkish Community Centre of Victoria</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Turkish_people_by_country" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Turkish_people_by_country" title="Template:Turkish people by country"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Turkish_people_by_country" title="Template talk:Turkish people by country"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Turkish_people_by_country" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Turkish people by country"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Turkish_people_by_country" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Turkish_people" title="Turkish people">Turkish people</a> <a href="/wiki/Turkish_population" title="Turkish population">by country</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Traditional areas of<br /><a href="/wiki/Turkish_people" title="Turkish people">Turkish</a> settlement</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Turkish majorities:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Turkish_people" title="Turkish people">Turkey</a> (<a href="/wiki/Muhacir" title="Muhacir">Muhacirs</a>), <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Northern Cyprus</a> (<a href="/wiki/Turkish_Cypriot_diaspora" title="Turkish Cypriot diaspora">Turkish Cypriot diaspora</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkish_settlers_in_Northern_Cyprus" title="Turkish settlers in Northern Cyprus">Mainland Turks</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Turkish minorities <br /> <a href="/wiki/Turks_in_the_Balkans" title="Turks in the Balkans">in the Balkans</a>:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Turks in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Turks" title="Bulgarian Turks">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Croatia" title="Turks in Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li>Greece <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cretan_Turks" class="mw-redirect" title="Cretan Turks">Crete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_of_the_Dodecanese" title="Turks of the Dodecanese">Dodecanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_of_Western_Thrace" title="Turks of Western Thrace">Western Thrace</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Kosovo" title="Turks in Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_North_Macedonia" title="Turks in North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Montenegro" title="Turks in Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_of_Romania" title="Turks of Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Serbia" title="Turks in Serbia">Serbia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Turkish minorities <br /> in the Caucasus:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Azerbaijan" title="Turks in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li>Georgia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Abkhazia" title="Turks in Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meskhetian_Turks" title="Meskhetian Turks">Meskhetia</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Turkish minorities <br /> in the Levant:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Turkmen" title="Iraqi Turkmen">Iraq</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkmeneli" title="Turkmeneli">Turkmeneli</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Turks in Israel">Israel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Jews_in_Israel" title="Turkish Jews in Israel">Jews</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Jordan" title="Turks in Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Lebanon" class="mw-redirect" title="Turks in Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Palestine" title="Turks in Palestine">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Turkmen" title="Syrian Turkmen">Syria</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkmen_Mountain" title="Turkmen Mountain">Turkmen Mountain</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Turkish minorities <br /> in North Africa:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Algeria" title="Turks in Algeria">Algeria</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kouloughlis" title="Kouloughlis">Kouloughlis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Egypt" title="Turks in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Libya" title="Turks in Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Tunisia" title="Turks in Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Other regions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Turks in Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Yemen" title="Turks in Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Diaspora in Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_South_Africa" title="Turks in South Africa">South Africa</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Diaspora in <a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Europe" title="Turks in Europe">Europe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Austria" title="Turks in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Belgium" title="Turks in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="Turks in the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Denmark" title="Turks in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Finland" title="Turks in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_France" title="Turks in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Germany" title="Turks in Germany">Germany</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Berlin" title="Turks in Berlin">Berlin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Hungary" title="Turks in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Ireland" title="Turks in Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Italy" title="Turks in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Liechtenstein" title="Turks in Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_the_Netherlands" title="Turks in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Norway" title="Turks in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Poland" title="Turks in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Turks in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Spain" title="Turks in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Sweden" title="Turks in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Switzerland" title="Turks in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Turks" title="British Turks">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_community_of_London" title="Turkish community of London">London</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Diaspora in North America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Canadians" title="Turkish Canadians">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Mexico" title="Turks in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Americans" title="Turkish Americans">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turks_of_South_Carolina" title="Turks of South Carolina">South Carolina</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Diaspora in the Persian Gulf</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Kuwait" title="Turks in Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Qatar" title="Turks in Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" class="mw-redirect" title="Turks in the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Diaspora in Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Australians" title="Turkish Australians">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_New_Zealanders" title="Turkish New Zealanders">New Zealand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Diaspora in South America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Argentines" title="Turkish Argentines">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turco-brasileiro" class="extiw" title="pt:Turco-brasileiro">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Venezuelan" title="Turkish Venezuelan">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Diaspora in South Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkic_people_in_Afghanistan" title="Turkic people in Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_India" title="Turks in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Pakistan" title="Turks in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Diaspora in East Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Turks in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Japan" title="Turks in Japan">Japan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Diaspora in Post-Soviet States</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Azerbaijan" title="Turks in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Kazakhstan" title="Turks in Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Kyrgyzstan" title="Turks in Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Russia" title="Turks in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Turkmenistan" title="Turks in Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Ukraine" title="Turks in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Uzbekistan" title="Turks in Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Turkophobia" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkophobia">Turkophobia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Muslims_during_Ottoman_contraction" class="mw-redirect" title="Persecution of Muslims during Ottoman contraction">Persecution of Muslims during Ottoman contraction</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Exodus_of_Muslims_from_Serbia_(1862)" title="Exodus of Muslims from Serbia (1862)">Exodus of Muslims from Serbia (1862)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirkuk_Massacre_of_1924" class="mw-redirect" title="Kirkuk Massacre of 1924">Kirkuk Massacre of 1924</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deportation_of_the_Meskhetian_Turks" title="Deportation of the Meskhetian Turks">1944 Deportation of the Meskhetian Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gavurba%C4%9F%C4%B1_massacre" title="Gavurbağı massacre">Gavurbağı massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exodus_of_Turks_from_Bulgaria_(1950-1951)" class="mw-redirect" title="Exodus of Turks from Bulgaria (1950-1951)">Exodus of Turks from Bulgaria (1950-1951)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Turks#Assimilation_policy_(1956–1989)" title="Bulgarian Turks">1956–1989 Assimilation of Bulgarian Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Turkmen#Kirkuk_massacre_of_1959" title="Iraqi Turkmen">1959 Kirkuk massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloody_Christmas_(1963)" title="Bloody Christmas (1963)">Bloody Christmas (1963)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akritas_plan" title="Akritas plan">Akritas plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afrikaanderwijk_riots" title="Afrikaanderwijk riots">Afrikaanderwijk riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revival_Process" title="Revival Process">Revival Process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tochni_massacre" title="Tochni massacre">Tochni massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maratha,_Santalaris_and_Aloda_massacre" title="Maratha, Santalaris and Aloda massacre">Maratha, Santalaris and Aloda massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Turkish_diplomats_assassinated_by_Armenian_militant_organisations" title="List of Turkish diplomats assassinated by Armenian militant organisations">Turkish diplomats assassinated by Armenian militant organisations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Taha_Car%C4%B1m" title="Assassination of Taha Carım">Assassination of Taha Carım</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Orhan_G%C3%BCnd%C3%BCz" title="Assassination of Orhan Gündüz">Assassination of Orhan Gündüz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Erkut_Akbay" title="Assassination of Erkut Akbay">Assassination of Erkut Akbay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Galip_Balkar" title="Assassination of Galip Balkar">Assassination of Galip Balkar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_Orly_Airport_attack" title="1983 Orly Airport attack">1983 Orly Airport attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fergana_massacre" title="Fergana massacre">1989 Fergana massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_Komotini_events" title="1990 Komotini events">1990 Komotini events</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Altun_Kupri_massacre" title="1991 Altun Kupri massacre">1991 Altun Kupri massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993_Solingen_arson_attack" title="1993 Solingen arson attack">1993 Solingen arson attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Underground_murders" title="National Socialist Underground murders">National Socialist Underground murders</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Enver_%C5%9Eim%C5%9Fek" title="Murder of Enver Şimşek">Murder of Enver Şimşek</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Cologne_bombing" title="2004 Cologne bombing">2004 Cologne bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banya_Bashi_Mosque_clashes" title="Banya Bashi Mosque clashes">Banya Bashi Mosque clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Turkmen_genocide" title="Iraqi Turkmen genocide">Iraqi Turkmen genocide</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_communities_and_minorities_in_the_former_Ottoman_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish communities and minorities in the former Ottoman Empire">Turkish communities and minorities in the former Ottoman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_population" title="Turkish population">Turkish population</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Europe" title="Turks in Europe">Turks in Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_the_Arab_world" title="Turks in the Arab world">Turks in the Arab world</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kouloughlis" title="Kouloughlis">Kouloughlis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_the_Balkans" title="Turks in the Balkans">Turks in the Balkans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_the_former_Soviet_Union" title="Turks in the former Soviet Union">Turks in the former Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_diaspora" title="Turkish diaspora">Turkish diaspora</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Turkic_peoples" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Turkic_peoples" title="Template:Turkic peoples"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Turkic_peoples" title="Template talk:Turkic peoples"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Turkic_peoples" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Turkic peoples"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Turkic_peoples" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Turkic_peoples" title="Turkic peoples">Turkic peoples</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Turkic_peoples" title="Turkic peoples">Peoples</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Azerbaijani communities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijanis" title="Azerbaijanis">Azerbaijanis</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Azerbaijanis" title="Iranian Azerbaijanis">Iranian Azerbaijanis</a></small> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Shahsevan" title="Shahsevan">Shahsevans</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/K%C3%BCres%C3%BCnni" title="Küresünni">Küresünni</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijanis_in_Georgia" title="Azerbaijanis in Georgia">Georgian Azerbaijanis</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijanis_in_Armenia" title="Azerbaijanis in Armenia">Western Azerbaijanis</a></small> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Karapapakhs" title="Karapapakhs">Karapapakhs</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Javanshir_Qizilbash" title="Javanshir Qizilbash">Javanshir Qizilbash</a></small></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Kazakh communities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kazakhs" title="Kazakhs">Kazakhs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakhs_in_China" title="Kazakhs in China">Chinese Kazakhs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Kazakhs" title="Iranian Kazakhs">Iranian Kazakhs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_Kazakhs" class="mw-redirect" title="Mongolian Kazakhs">Mongolian Kazakhs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Kyrgyz communities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_people" title="Kyrgyz people">Kyrgyz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_in_China" title="Kyrgyz in China">Chinese Kyrgyz</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Akto_Turkmen" title="Akto Turkmen">Akto Turkmen</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_in_Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kyrgyz in Afghanistan">Afghan Kyrgyz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_in_Tajikistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kyrgyz in Tajikistan">Tajik Kyrgyz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Van_Kyrgyz" class="mw-redirect" title="Van Kyrgyz">Van Kyrgyz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Turkmen<sup>1</sup> communities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkmens" title="Turkmens">Turkmens</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Afghan_Turkmens" title="Afghan Turkmens">Afghan Turkmens</a></small> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Ansarlu" title="Ansarlu">Ansarlu</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Turkmens" title="Iranian Turkmens">Iranian Turkmens</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akto_Turkmen" title="Akto Turkmen">Akto Turkmen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Turkish communities<sup>2</sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_people" title="Turkish people">Turks</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Gajal" title="Gajal">Gajal</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Muhacir" title="Muhacir">Muhacirs</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Tahtac%C4%B1" title="Tahtacı">Tahtacıs</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Y%C3%B6r%C3%BCks" title="Yörüks">Yörüks</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Abkhazia" title="Turks in Abkhazia">Abkhazian Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Algeria" title="Turks in Algeria">Algerian Turks</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Kouloughlis" title="Kouloughlis">Kouloughlis</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Turks in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnian Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Turks" title="Bulgarian Turks">Bulgarian Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Croatia" title="Turks in Croatia">Croatian Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cretan_Muslims" title="Cretan Muslims">Cretan Turks</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cypriot Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_of_the_Dodecanese" title="Turks of the Dodecanese">Dodecanese Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Egypt" title="Turks in Egypt">Egyptian Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Turkmen" title="Iraqi Turkmen">Iraqi Turkmen/Turkoman</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_Turkmen" title="Israeli Turkmen">Israeli Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Kosovo" title="Turks in Kosovo">Kosovan Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_Turkmen" title="Lebanese Turkmen">Lebanese Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Libya" title="Turks in Libya">Libyan Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_North_Macedonia" title="Turks in North Macedonia">Macedonian Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meskhetian_Turks" title="Meskhetian Turks">Meskhetian (Ahiska) Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Montenegro" title="Turks in Montenegro">Montenegrin Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Palestine" title="Turks in Palestine">Palestinian Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_of_Romania" title="Turks of Romania">Romanian Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Serbia" title="Turks in Serbia">Serbian Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Turkmen" title="Syrian Turkmen">Syrian Turkmen/Turkoman</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Tunisia" title="Turks in Tunisia">Tunisian Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_of_Western_Thrace" title="Turks of Western Thrace">Western Thracian Turks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Turkic peoples <br /> in Uzbekistan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uzbeks" title="Uzbeks">Uzbeks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karakalpaks" title="Karakalpaks">Karakalpaks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Turkic minorities <br /> in China</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%84ynu_people" title="Äynu people">Äynu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Tatars" title="Chinese Tatars">Chinese Tatars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakhs_in_China" title="Kazakhs in China">Chinese Kazakhs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_in_China" title="Kyrgyz in China">Chinese Kyrgyz</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Akto_Turkmen" title="Akto Turkmen">Akto Turkmen</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzbeks_in_China" title="Uzbeks in China">Chinese Uzbeks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuyu_Kyrgyz_people" title="Fuyu Kyrgyz people">Fuyu Kyrgyz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ili_Turk_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Ili Turk people">Ili Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salar_people" title="Salar people">Salar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uyghurs" title="Uyghurs">Uyghurs</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Tor_Uyghurs" class="mw-redirect" title="Tor Uyghurs">Tor Uyghurs</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugurs" title="Yugurs">Yugurs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Turkic minorities <br /> in Crimea</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Karaites" title="Crimean Karaites">Crimean Karaites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Tatars" title="Crimean Tatars">Crimean Tatars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krymchaks" title="Krymchaks">Krymchaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urums" title="Urums">Urums</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Turkic minorities <br /> in Iran</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Azerbaijanis" title="Iranian Azerbaijanis">Iranian Azerbaijanis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afshar_people" title="Afshar people">Afshar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaharmahali_Turks" title="Chaharmahali Turks">Chaharmahali Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalaj_people" title="Khalaj people">Khalajs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khorasani_Turks" title="Khorasani Turks">Khorasani Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qarai_Turks" class="mw-redirect" title="Qarai Turks">Qarai Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qashqai_people" title="Qashqai people">Qashqai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Turkmens" title="Iranian Turkmens">Iranian Turkmens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Kazakhs" title="Iranian Kazakhs">Iranian Kazakhs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Turkic minorities in <br /> Russia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altai_people" title="Altai people">Altaians</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Chelkans" title="Chelkans">Chelkans</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Telengits" title="Telengits">Telengits</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Tubalars" title="Tubalars">Tubalars</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balkars" title="Balkars">Balkars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bashkirs" title="Bashkirs">Bashkirs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Besermyan" title="Besermyan">Besermyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chulyms" title="Chulyms">Chulyms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuvash_people" title="Chuvash people">Chuvash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolgans" title="Dolgans">Dolgans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karachays" title="Karachays">Karachays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khakas" title="Khakas">Khakas</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Koibal_people" title="Koibal people">Koibal</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumandins" title="Kumandins">Kumandins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumyks" title="Kumyks">Kumyks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nogais" title="Nogais">Nogais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shors" title="Shors">Shors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyot" title="Soyot">Soyots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatars" title="Tatars">Tatars</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Astrakhan_Tatars" title="Astrakhan Tatars">Astrakhan Tatars</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Kryashens" title="Kryashens">Kryashens</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Mishar_Tatars" title="Mishar Tatars">Mishar Tatars</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Na%C4%9Fayb%C3%A4k" title="Nağaybäk">Nağaybäk</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Volga_Tatars" title="Volga Tatars">Volga Tatars</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Siberian_Tatars" title="Siberian Tatars">Siberian Tatars</a></small> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Siberian_Bukharans" title="Siberian Bukharans">Siberian Bukharans</a></small></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teleuts" title="Teleuts">Teleuts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tofalar" title="Tofalar">Tofalars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuvans" title="Tuvans">Tuvans</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Tozhu_Tuvans" title="Tozhu Tuvans">Tozhu Tuvans</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakuts" title="Yakuts">Yakuts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Turkic minorities in <br /> Mongolia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khotons" title="Khotons">Khotons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_Kazakhs" class="mw-redirect" title="Mongolian Kazakhs">Mongolian Kazakhs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dukha_people" title="Dukha people">Dukha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Turkic_people_in_Afghanistan" title="Turkic people in Afghanistan">Turkic minorities in <br /> Afghanistan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_Turkmens" title="Afghan Turkmens">Afghan Turkmens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afshar_people" title="Afshar people">Afshar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aimaq_people" title="Aimaq people">Aimaqs</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Timuri" title="Timuri">Timuri</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ansarlu" title="Ansarlu">Ansarlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karategin_Uzbeks" title="Karategin Uzbeks">Karategin Uzbeks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_in_Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kyrgyz in Afghanistan">Afghan Kyrgyz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Turkic minorities in <br /> Europe <br /> <small>(exc. Russia)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Karaites" title="Crimean Karaites">Crimean Karaites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Tatars_in_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Crimean Tatars in Bulgaria">Bulgarian Crimean Tatars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_Tatars" title="Finnish Tatars">Finnish Tatars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gagauz_people" title="Gagauz people">Gagauz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lipka_Tatars" title="Lipka Tatars">Lipka Tatars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatars_of_Romania" title="Tatars of Romania">Tatars of Romania</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Extinct Turkic groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alat_tribe" title="Alat tribe">Alat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Az_people" title="Az people">Az</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basmyl" title="Basmyl">Basmyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barsils" title="Barsils">Barsils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berendei" title="Berendei">Berendei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulaqs" title="Bulaqs">Bulaqs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgars" title="Bulgars">Bulgars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chigils" title="Chigils">Chigils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Klobuks" title="Black Klobuks">Black Klobuks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumans" title="Cumans">Cumans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dingling" title="Dingling">Dingling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duolu" title="Duolu">Duolu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dughlats" title="Dughlats">Dughlats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esegel" title="Esegel">Esegel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6kt%C3%BCrks" title="Göktürks">Göktürks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kangly" title="Kangly">Kangly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karluks" title="Karluks">Karluks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keraites" title="Keraites">Keraites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khazars" title="Khazars">Khazars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemek" title="Yemek">Kimek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kipchaks" title="Kipchaks">Kipchaks</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Sir-K%C4%B1vchak" title="Sir-Kıvchak">Sir-Kıvchak</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurykans" title="Kurykans">Kurykans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kutrigurs" title="Kutrigurs">Kutrigurs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merkit" title="Merkit">Merkit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naimans" title="Naimans">Naimans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nushibi" title="Nushibi">Nushibi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oghuz_Turks" title="Oghuz Turks">Oghuz Turks</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Turkoman_(ethnonym)" title="Turkoman (ethnonym)">Turkomans</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Pechenegs" title="Pechenegs">Pechenegs</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onogurs" title="Onogurs">Onogurs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabir_people" title="Sabir people">Sabirs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saragurs" title="Saragurs">Saragurs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shatuo" title="Shatuo">Shatuo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiele_people" title="Tiele people">Tiele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCrgesh" title="Türgesh">Türgesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuhsi" title="Tuhsi">Tuhsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tork_people" title="Tork people">Torks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toquz_Oghuz" title="Toquz Oghuz">Toquz Oghuz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uriankhai" title="Uriankhai">Uriankhai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utigurs" title="Utigurs">Utigurs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xueyantuo" title="Xueyantuo">Xueyantuo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yenisei_Kyrgyz" title="Yenisei Kyrgyz">Yenisei Kyrgyz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yueban" title="Yueban">Yueban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yagma" title="Yagma">Yagma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yabaku" title="Yabaku">Yabaku</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdal_people_(West_Asia)" title="Abdal people (West Asia)">Abdals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazaras" title="Hazaras">Hazaras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mughal_people" title="Mughal people">Mughals</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Diasporas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_diaspora" title="Azerbaijani diaspora">Azerbaijani diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Tatar_diaspora" title="Crimean Tatar diaspora">Crimean Tatar diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_diaspora" title="Turkish diaspora">Turkish diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Cypriot_diaspora" title="Turkish Cypriot diaspora">Turkish Cypriot diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_diaspora" title="Kazakh diaspora">Kazakh diaspora</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align: left;"><div><sup>1</sup> Central Asian (i.e. <a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmeni</a>, <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghani</a> and <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iranian</a>) <a href="/wiki/Turkmens" title="Turkmens">Turkmens</a>, distinct from Levantine (i.e. <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraqi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syrian</a>) Turkmen/Turkoman minorities, who mostly adhere to an Ottoman-Turkish heritage and identity. <sup>2</sup> In traditional areas of Turkish settlement (i.e. former <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman</a> territories).</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cyprus_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cyprus_topics" title="Template:Cyprus topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cyprus_topics" title="Template talk:Cyprus topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cyprus_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cyprus topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cyprus_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a> <a href="/wiki/Index_of_Cyprus-related_articles" title="Index of Cyprus-related articles">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Cyprus" title="History of Cyprus">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Cyprus" title="Prehistoric Cyprus">Prehistoric</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alashiya" title="Alashiya">Alasiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eteocypriot_language" title="Eteocypriot language">Eteocypriot</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cypro-Minoan_syllabary" title="Cypro-Minoan syllabary">Cypro-Minoan syllabary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_syllabary" title="Cypriot syllabary">Cypriot syllabary</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_history_of_Cyprus" title="Ancient history of Cyprus">Ancient</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Assyrian_Empire" title="Neo-Assyrian Empire">Neo-Assyrian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ten_city-kingdoms_of_Cyprus" title="Ten city-kingdoms of Cyprus">Ten city-kingdoms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire" title="Achaemenid Empire">Achaemenid Persian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ionian_Revolt" title="Ionian Revolt">Ionian Revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemaic_dynasty" title="Ptolemaic dynasty">Ptolemaic dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Cyprus" title="Roman Cyprus">Roman Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diaspora_revolt" class="mw-redirect" title="Diaspora revolt">Diaspora revolt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Cyprus_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="Cyprus in the Middle Ages">Medieval</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine Cyprus">Byzantine Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caliphate" title="Caliphate">Arab Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusades" title="Crusades">Crusades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Cyprus" title="Kingdom of Cyprus">Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venetian_Cyprus" title="Venetian Cyprus">Venetian rule</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Modern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Cyprus" title="Ottoman Cyprus">Ottoman rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus_Convention" title="Cyprus Convention">Cyprus Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Cyprus" title="British Cyprus">British Cyprus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_colonial_governors_and_administrators_of_British_Cyprus" title="List of colonial governors and administrators of British Cyprus">Governors</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Cyprus_since_1878" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Cyprus since 1878">Post-1878 overview</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Enosis" title="Enosis">Enosis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Taksim_(politics)" title="Taksim (politics)">Taksim</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_intercommunal_violence" title="Cypriot intercommunal violence">Intercommunal violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akrotiri_and_Dhekelia" title="Akrotiri and Dhekelia">Akrotiri and Dhekelia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_invasion_of_Cyprus" title="Turkish invasion of Cyprus">Turkish invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_refugees" title="Cypriot refugees">Refugees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus_dispute" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyprus dispute">Cyprus dispute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_S-300_crisis" title="Cypriot S-300 crisis">Cypriot S-300 crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annan_Plan" title="Annan Plan">Annan Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_enlargement_of_the_European_Union" title="2004 enlargement of the European Union">EU accession</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus"><img alt="Cyprus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Arms_of_Cyprus.svg/80px-Arms_of_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Arms_of_Cyprus.svg/120px-Arms_of_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Arms_of_Cyprus.svg/160px-Arms_of_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="295" data-file-height="350" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Cyprus" title="Geography of Cyprus">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities,_towns_and_villages_in_Cyprus" title="List of cities, towns and villages in Cyprus">Cities, towns and villages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Cyprus" title="Climate of Cyprus">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Cyprus" title="Districts of Cyprus">Districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Cyprus" title="List of earthquakes in Cyprus">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Cyprus_islets" title="List of Cyprus islets">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lakes_of_Cyprus" title="Category:Lakes of Cyprus">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mountains_of_Cyprus" title="Category:Mountains of Cyprus">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Rivers_of_Cyprus" title="Category:Rivers of Cyprus">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Cyprus" title="Wildlife of Cyprus">Wildlife</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Cyprus" title="Politics of Cyprus">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_Cyprus" title="Chief Justice of Cyprus">Chief Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Cyprus" title="Constitution of Cyprus">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_Cyprus" title="Corruption in Cyprus">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus_dispute" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyprus dispute">Cyprus dispute</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Cyprus" title="Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_Security_Council_resolutions_concerning_Cyprus" title="List of United Nations Security Council resolutions concerning Cyprus">UN resolutions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Cyprus" title="Elections in Cyprus">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Cyprus" title="Foreign relations of Cyprus">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Cyprus" title="Human rights in Cyprus">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Cyprus">LGBT rights</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_National_Guard" title="Cypriot National Guard">Military</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_National_Guard_General_Staff" title="Chief of the National Guard General Staff">Chief</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus_Police" title="Cyprus Police">Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Cyprus" title="List of political parties in Cyprus">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Cyprus" title="President of Cyprus">President</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Cyprus" title="Economy of Cyprus">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Cyprus" title="Agriculture in Cyprus">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_banks_in_Cyprus" title="List of banks in Cyprus">Banks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Cyprus" title="Energy in Cyprus">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus_Stock_Exchange" title="Cyprus Stock Exchange">Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Cyprus" title="Telecommunications in Cyprus">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Cyprus" title="Tourism in Cyprus">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_unions_in_Cyprus" title="Trade unions in Cyprus">Trade unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Cyprus" title="Transport in Cyprus">Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012%E2%80%932013_Cypriot_financial_crisis" title="2012–2013 Cypriot financial crisis">2012–2013 Cypriot financial crisis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Cyprus" title="Category:Society of Cyprus">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_nationality_law" title="Cypriot nationality law">Cypriot nationality law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Cyprus" title="Languages of Cyprus">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Cyprus" title="Education in Cyprus">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_Cyprus" title="Health in Cyprus">Health</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Cyprus" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Cyprus">COVID-19 pandemic</a> and <a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Delta_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant">Delta</a><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Omicron_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant">cron</a> hybrid variant</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Cypriot_name" title="Greek Cypriot name">Name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Cyprus" title="Poverty in Cyprus">Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Cyprus" title="Public holidays in Cyprus">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Cyprus" title="Religion in Cyprus">Religion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of Cyprus">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cypriot_art" title="Category:Cypriot art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cinema_of_Cyprus" title="Category:Cinema of Cyprus">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_cuisine" title="Cypriot cuisine">Cuisine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_wine" title="Cypriot wine">Wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_literature" title="Cypriot literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mass_media_in_Cyprus" title="Category:Mass media in Cyprus">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Cyprus" title="Music of Cyprus">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Cyprus" title="Sport in Cyprus">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Cyprus" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Cyprus">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Cyprus" title="Demographics of Cyprus">Demographics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Cypriots" title="Greek Cypriots">Greek Cypriots</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Cypriot_diaspora" title="Greek Cypriot diaspora">diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Cypriots_in_Northern_Cyprus" title="Greek Cypriots in Northern Cyprus">Greek Cypriots in Northern Cyprus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Turkish Cypriots</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Linobambaki" title="Linobambaki">Linobambaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Cypriot_diaspora" title="Turkish Cypriot diaspora">diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_settlers_in_Northern_Cyprus" title="Turkish settlers in Northern Cyprus">Settlers from Turkey</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenians in Cyprus">Armenian Cypriots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maronite_Cypriots" title="Maronite Cypriots">Maronite Cypriots</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Cyprus" title="National symbols of Cyprus">Symbols</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hymn_to_Liberty" title="Hymn to Liberty">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Cyprus" title="Coat of arms of Cyprus">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Cyprus" title="Flag of Cyprus">Flag</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Cyprus" title="Outline of Cyprus">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Cyprus-related_articles" title="Index of Cyprus-related articles">Index</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cyprus" title="Category:Cyprus">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Cyprus" title="Portal:Cyprus">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Northern_Cyprus_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Northern_Cyprus_topics" title="Template:Northern Cyprus topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Northern_Cyprus_topics" title="Template talk:Northern Cyprus topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Northern_Cyprus_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Northern Cyprus topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Northern_Cyprus_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Cyprus" title="Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a> articles</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Cyprus#History" title="Northern Cyprus">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus_dispute" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyprus dispute">Cyprus dispute</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_intercommunal_violence" title="Cypriot intercommunal violence">Intercommunal violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Buffer_Zone_in_Cyprus" title="United Nations Buffer Zone in Cyprus">Green Line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_invasion_of_Cyprus" title="Turkish invasion of Cyprus">Turkish invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_refugees" title="Cypriot refugees">Refugees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annan_Plan" title="Annan Plan">Annan Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Cypriot_Annan_Plan_referendums" title="2004 Cypriot Annan Plan referendums">2004 Annan Plan referendums</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Federated_State_of_Cyprus" title="Turkish Federated State of Cyprus">Turkish Federated State of Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_Independence_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus" title="Declaration of Independence of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus">Declaration of independence</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Cyprus#Geography" title="Northern Cyprus">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_populated_places_in_Northern_Cyprus" title="List of populated places in Northern Cyprus">Cities, towns and villages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extreme_points_of_Northern_Cyprus" title="Extreme points of Northern Cyprus">Extreme points</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mammals_of_Northern_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="List of mammals of Northern Cyprus">Mammals</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Northern_Cyprus" title="Foreign relations of Northern Cyprus">Foreign relations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_Northern_Cyprus" title="List of diplomatic missions of Northern Cyprus">Diplomatic missions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus_Representative_Office_to_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus Representative Office to the United States">Representative Office to the United States</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Northern_Cyprus" title="Politics of Northern Cyprus">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_the_Republic_(Northern_Cyprus)" title="Assembly of the Republic (Northern Cyprus)">Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Northern_Cyprus" title="Constitution of Northern Cyprus">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Northern_Cyprus" title="Districts of Northern Cyprus">Districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Northern_Cyprus" title="Elections in Northern Cyprus">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Northern_Cyprus" title="Law enforcement in Northern Cyprus">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Northern_Cyprus" title="List of political parties in Northern Cyprus">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Northern_Cyprus" title="President of Northern Cyprus">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Northern_Cyprus" title="Prime Minister of Northern Cyprus">Prime Minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ministers_(Northern_Cyprus)" title="Council of Ministers (Northern Cyprus)">Council of Ministers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embargo_against_Northern_Cyprus" title="Embargo against Northern Cyprus">Embargoes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Military_of_Northern_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Northern Cyprus">Military</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Security_Forces_Command" title="Security Forces Command">Security Forces Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_military_forces_in_Northern_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish military forces in Northern Cyprus">Turkish military forces in Northern Cyprus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Northern_Cyprus" title="Economy of Northern Cyprus">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_banks_in_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus" title="List of banks in the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus">Banks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus" title="Central Bank of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus">Central Bank</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_lira" title="Turkish lira">Turkish lira <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Northern_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Telecommunications in Northern Cyprus">Telecommunications</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kuzey_K%C4%B1br%C4%B1s_Turkcell" title="Kuzey Kıbrıs Turkcell">Kuzey Kıbrıs Turkcell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KKTC_Telsim" title="KKTC Telsim">KKTC Telsim</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Northern_Cyprus" title="Tourism in Northern Cyprus">Tourism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Northern_Cyprus" title="Category:Society of Northern Cyprus">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Cyprus_citizenship" title="Northern Cyprus citizenship">Citizenship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Northern_Cyprus" title="Education in Northern Cyprus">Education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_and_colleges_in_Northern_Cyprus" title="List of universities and colleges in Northern Cyprus">universities and colleges</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Northern_Cyprus" title="Human rights in Northern Cyprus">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Northern_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Northern Cyprus">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Northern_Cyprus" title="Women in Northern Cyprus">Women</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Northern_Cyprus" title="Abortion in Northern Cyprus">abortion</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Northern_Cyprus" title="Culture of Northern Cyprus">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_cuisine" title="Cypriot cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Cypriot_folk_dances" title="Turkish Cypriot folk dances">Dances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_Northern_Cyprus" title="List of newspapers in Northern Cyprus">Newspapers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Northern_Cyprus" title="Television in Northern Cyprus">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_Northern_Cyprus" title="List of museums in Northern Cyprus">Museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Northern_Cyprus" title="Sport in Northern Cyprus">Sport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Football_in_Northern_Cyprus" title="Football in Northern Cyprus">football</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Northern_Cyprus" title="Public holidays in Northern Cyprus">Holidays</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republic_Day_(Northern_Cyprus)" title="Republic Day (Northern Cyprus)">Republic Day</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Northern_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Demographics of Northern Cyprus">Demographics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Ethnicities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Turkish Cypriots</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Cypriot_diaspora" title="Turkish Cypriot diaspora">diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_settlers_in_Northern_Cyprus" title="Turkish settlers in Northern Cyprus">Turkish settlers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Cypriots_in_Northern_Cyprus" title="Greek Cypriots in Northern Cyprus">Enclaved Greek Cypriots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maronite_Cypriots" title="Maronite Cypriots">Maronites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_Turkish" title="Cypriot Turkish">Cypriot Turkish</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Symbols</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0stiklal_Mar%C5%9F%C4%B1" title="İstiklal Marşı">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Cyprus" title="Coat of arms of Cyprus">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Northern_Cyprus" title="Flag of Northern Cyprus">Flag</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Northern_Cyprus" title="Outline of Northern Cyprus">Outline</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Northern_Cyprus" title="Category:Northern Cyprus">Category</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cypriot_people" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cypriot_people" title="Template:Cypriot people"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cypriot_people" title="Template talk:Cypriot people"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cypriot_people" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cypriot people"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cypriot_people" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Cyprus" title="Demographics of Cyprus">Cypriot people</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Indigenous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Cypriots" title="Greek Cypriots">Greek Cypriots</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Turkish Cypriots</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Recognized minorities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maronite_Cypriots" title="Maronite Cypriots">Maronite Cypriots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Cypriots" title="Armenian Cypriots">Armenian Cypriots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Cyprus" title="Catholic Church in Cyprus">Latins</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asians</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Cyprus" title="Indians in Cyprus">Indians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_diaspora#Cyprus" title="Romani diaspora">Roma</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gurbeti" title="Gurbeti">Gurbeti</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_people_in_Cyprus" title="Vietnamese people in Cyprus">Vietnamese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europeans</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus-United_Kingdom_relations#Britons_in_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyprus-United Kingdom relations">Britons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Cypriots" title="Russian Cypriots">Russians</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Middle Easterners</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Cyprus" title="History of the Jews in Cyprus">Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_Cypriots" title="Lebanese Cypriots">Lebanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linobambaki" title="Linobambaki">Turkified Greeks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_settlers_in_Northern_Cyprus" title="Turkish settlers in Northern Cyprus">Settlers from Turkey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Muslims_in_Europe" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:European_Muslims" title="Template:European Muslims"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:European_Muslims" title="Template talk:European Muslims"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:European_Muslims" title="Special:EditPage/Template:European Muslims"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Muslims_in_Europe" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Muslims in Europe</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Majority</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Indo-European_languages" title="Indo-European languages">Indo-European</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanians" title="Albanians">Albanians</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cham_Albanians" title="Cham Albanians">Cham Albanians</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosniaks" title="Bosniaks">Bosniaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorani_people" title="Gorani people">Gorani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurds" title="Kurds">Kurds</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kurds_in_Germany" title="Kurds in Germany">in Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurds_in_France" title="Kurds in France">in France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurds_in_the_Netherlands" title="Kurds in the Netherlands">in the Netherlands</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslims_(ethnic_group)" title="Muslims (ethnic group)">Muslims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomaks" title="Pomaks">Pomaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talysh_people" title="Talysh people">Talysh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tat_people_(Caucasus)" title="Tat people (Caucasus)">Tats</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Turkic_peoples" title="Turkic peoples">Turkic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijanis" title="Azerbaijanis">Azerbaijanis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balkars" title="Balkars">Balkars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bashkirs" title="Bashkirs">Bashkirs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Tatars" title="Crimean Tatars">Crimean Tatars</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Roma" title="Crimean Roma">Crimean Roma</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatars_of_Romania" title="Tatars of Romania">Dobrujan Tatars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_Tatars" title="Finnish Tatars">Finnish Tatars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karachays" title="Karachays">Karachays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakhs" title="Kazakhs">Kazakhs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumyks" title="Kumyks">Kumyks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lipka_Tatars" title="Lipka Tatars">Lipka Tatars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nogais" title="Nogais">Nogais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_people" title="Turkish people">Turks</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cypriot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_of_the_Dodecanese" title="Turks of the Dodecanese">Dodecanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Germany" title="Turks in Germany">German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meskhetian_Turks" title="Meskhetian Turks">Meskhetian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_of_Western_Thrace" title="Turks of Western Thrace">Western Thracian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Europe" title="Turks in Europe">Other</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volga_Tatars" title="Volga Tatars">Volga Tatars</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mishar_Tatars" title="Mishar Tatars">Mishar Tatars</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y%C3%B6r%C3%BCks" title="Yörüks">Yörüks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/North_Caucasian_languages" title="North Caucasian languages">North Caucasian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abazins" title="Abazins">Abazins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abkhazians" title="Abkhazians">Abkhazians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aghul_people" title="Aghul people">Aghuls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andi_people" title="Andi people">Andis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akhvakh_people" title="Akhvakh people">Akhvakhs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archi_people" title="Archi people">Archis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avars_(Caucasus)" title="Avars (Caucasus)">Avars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagvalal_people" title="Bagvalal people">Bagvalals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bezhta_people" title="Bezhta people">Bezhta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botlikh_people" title="Botlikh people">Botlikh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budukh_people" title="Budukh people">Budukh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamalal_people" title="Chamalal people">Chamalals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chechens" title="Chechens">Chechens</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kist_people" title="Kist people">Kists</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circassians" title="Circassians">Circassians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dargins" title="Dargins">Dargins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinukh_people" title="Hinukh people">Hinukh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunzib_people" title="Hunzib people">Hunzib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingush_people" title="Ingush people">Ingush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jek_people" title="Jek people">Jeks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karata_people" title="Karata people">Karata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khinalug_people" title="Khinalug people">Khinalugs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khwarshi_people" title="Khwarshi people">Khwarshis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kryts_people" title="Kryts people">Kryts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laks_(Caucasus)" title="Laks (Caucasus)">Laks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lezgins" title="Lezgins">Lezgins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rutul_people" title="Rutul people">Rutuls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabasaran_people" title="Tabasaran people">Tabasarans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsakhur_people" title="Tsakhur people">Tsakhurs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tindi_people" title="Tindi people">Tindis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsez_people" title="Tsez people">Tsez</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Kartvelian_peoples" class="mw-redirect" title="Kartvelian peoples">Kartvelian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Laz_people" title="Laz people">Laz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Uralic_peoples" class="mw-redirect" title="Uralic peoples">Uralic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Besermyan" title="Besermyan">Besermyan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center; font-weight:normal;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabs" title="Arabs">Arabs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabs_in_Europe" title="Arabs in Europe">in Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moors" title="Moors">Moors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moroccans_in_Spain" title="Moroccans in Spain">in Spain</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berbers" title="Berbers">Berbers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berbers_in_France" title="Berbers in France">in France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berbers_in_Belgium" title="Berbers in Belgium">in Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berbers_in_the_Netherlands" title="Berbers in the Netherlands">in the Netherlands</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%B6nmeh" title="Dönmeh">Dönmeh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Minority</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghans" title="Afghans">Afghans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengalis" title="Bengalis">Bengalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Muslims" title="Bulgarian Muslims">Bulgarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croat_Muslims" title="Croat Muslims">Croats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Georgia_(country)" title="Islam in Georgia (country)">Georgians</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adjarians" title="Adjarians">Adjarians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingiloy_people" title="Ingiloy people">Ingiloys</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Muslims" title="Greek Muslims">Greek</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vallahades" title="Vallahades">Vallahades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cretan_Muslims" title="Cretan Muslims">Cretan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemshin_people" title="Hemshin people">Hemshenis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_Muslims" class="mw-redirect" title="Macedonian Muslims">Macedonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maghreb" title="Maghreb">Maghrebis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistanis" title="Pakistanis">Pakistanis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megleno-Romanians" title="Megleno-Romanians">Megleno-Romanians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ossetian_Muslims" title="Ossetian Muslims">Ossetians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_Romani_people" title="Muslim Romani people">Romani</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arlije" title="Arlije">Arlije</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashkali_and_Balkan_Egyptians" title="Ashkali and Balkan Egyptians">Ashkali and Balkan Egyptians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Roma" title="Crimean Roma">Crimean Roma</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serb_Muslims" title="Serb Muslims">Serbs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Turkish_Cypriots&oldid=1254344980">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Turkish_Cypriots&oldid=1254344980</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Turkish_Cypriots" title="Category:Turkish Cypriots">Turkish Cypriots</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ethnic_groups_in_Cyprus" title="Category:Ethnic groups in Cyprus">Ethnic groups in Cyprus</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Turkish_diaspora" title="Category:Turkish 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