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Input Capture: Web Portal Capture, Sub-technique T1056.003 - Enterprise | MITRE ATT&CK®
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role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="v-attckmatrix-tab"> <ol class="breadcrumb"> <li class="breadcrumb-item"><a href="/versions/v15/">Home</a></li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"><a href="/versions/v15/techniques/enterprise">Techniques</a></li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"><a href="/versions/v15/techniques/enterprise">Enterprise</a></li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"><a href="/versions/v15/techniques/T1056">Input Capture</a></li> <li class="breadcrumb-item">Web Portal Capture</li> </ol> <div class="tab-pane fade show active" id="v-" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="v--tab"></div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xl-12"> <div class="jumbotron jumbotron-fluid"> <div class="container-fluid"> <h1 id=""> <span id="subtechnique-parent-name">Input Capture:</span> Web Portal Capture </h1> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-8"> <!--stop-indexing-for-search--> <div class="card-block pb-2"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-header collapsed" id="subtechniques-card-header" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#subtechniques-card-body" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="subtechniques-card-body"> <h5 class="mb-0" id ="sub-techniques">Other sub-techniques of Input Capture (4)</h5> </div> <div id="subtechniques-card-body" class="card-body p-0 collapse" aria-labelledby="subtechniques-card-header"> <table class="table table-bordered"> <thead> <tr> <th scope="col">ID</th> <th scope="col">Name</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td> <a href="/versions/v15/techniques/T1056/001/" class="subtechnique-table-item" data-subtechnique_id="T1056.001"> T1056.001 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v15/techniques/T1056/001/" class="subtechnique-table-item" data-subtechnique_id="T1056.001"> Keylogging </a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/versions/v15/techniques/T1056/002/" class="subtechnique-table-item" data-subtechnique_id="T1056.002"> T1056.002 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v15/techniques/T1056/002/" class="subtechnique-table-item" data-subtechnique_id="T1056.002"> GUI Input Capture </a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="active"> T1056.003 </td> <td class="active"> Web Portal Capture </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/versions/v15/techniques/T1056/004/" class="subtechnique-table-item" data-subtechnique_id="T1056.004"> T1056.004 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v15/techniques/T1056/004/" class="subtechnique-table-item" data-subtechnique_id="T1056.004"> Credential API Hooking </a> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> <!--start-indexing-for-search--> <div class="description-body"> <p>Adversaries may install code on externally facing portals, such as a VPN login page, to capture and transmit credentials of users who attempt to log into the service. For example, a compromised login page may log provided user credentials before logging the user in to the service.</p><p>This variation on input capture may be conducted post-compromise using legitimate administrative access as a backup measure to maintain network access through <a href="/versions/v15/techniques/T1133">External Remote Services</a> and <a href="/versions/v15/techniques/T1078">Valid Accounts</a> or as part of the initial compromise by exploitation of the externally facing web service.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-1') id="scite-ref-1-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Adair, S. (2015, October 7). Virtual Private Keylogging: Cisco Web VPNs Leveraged for Access and Persistence. Retrieved March 20, 2017."data-reference="Volexity Virtual Private Keylogging"><sup><a href="https://www.volexity.com/blog/2015/10/07/virtual-private-keylogging-cisco-web-vpns-leveraged-for-access-and-persistence/" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="0" aria-describedby="qtip-0">[1]</a></sup></span></p> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-4"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"> <div class="row card-data" id="card-id"> <div class="col-md-1 px-0 text-center"></div> <div class="col-md-11 pl-0"> <span class="h5 card-title">ID: </span>T1056.003 </div> </div> <!--stop-indexing-for-search--> <div class="row card-data"> <div class="col-md-1 px-0 text-center"></div> <div class="col-md-11 pl-0"> <span class="h5 card-title">Sub-technique of: </span> <a href="/versions/v15/techniques/T1056">T1056</a> </div> </div> <!--start-indexing-for-search--> <div id="card-tactics" class="row card-data"> <div class="col-md-1 px-0 text-center"> <span data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="left" title="" data-test-ignore="true" data-original-title="The tactic objectives that the (sub-)technique can be used to accomplish">ⓘ</span> </div> <div class="col-md-11 pl-0"> <span class="h5 card-title">Tactics:</span> <a href="/versions/v15/tactics/TA0009">Collection</a>, <a href="/versions/v15/tactics/TA0006">Credential Access</a> </div> </div> <div class="row card-data"> <div class="col-md-1 px-0 text-center"> <span data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="left" title="" data-test-ignore="true" data-original-title="The system an adversary is operating within; could be an operating system or application">ⓘ</span> </div> <div class="col-md-11 pl-0"> <span class="h5 card-title">Platforms: </span>Linux, Windows, macOS </div> </div> <div class="row card-data"> <div class="col-md-1 px-0 text-center"> <span data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="left" title="" data-test-ignore="true" data-original-title="Additional information on requirements the adversary needs to meet or about the state of the system (software, patch level, etc.) that may be required for the (sub-)technique to work">ⓘ</span> </div> <div class="col-md-11 pl-0"> <span class="h5 card-title">System Requirements: </span>An externally facing login portal is configured. </div> </div> <div class="row card-data"> <div class="col-md-1 px-0 text-center"></div> <div class="col-md-11 pl-0"> <span class="h5 card-title">Version: </span>1.0 </div> </div> <div class="row card-data"> <div class="col-md-1 px-0 text-center"></div> <div class="col-md-11 pl-0"> <span class="h5 card-title">Created: </span>11 February 2020 </div> </div> <div class="row card-data"> <div class="col-md-1 px-0 text-center"></div> <div class="col-md-11 pl-0"> <span class="h5 card-title">Last Modified: </span>30 March 2023 </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="text-center pt-2 version-button permalink"> <div class="live"> <a data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Permalink to this version of T1056.003" href="/versions/v15/techniques/T1056/003/" data-test-ignore="true">Version Permalink</a> </div> <div class="permalink"> <a data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Go to the live version of T1056.003" href="/techniques/T1056/003/" data-test-ignore="true">Live Version</a><!--do not change this line without also changing versions.py--> </div> </div> </div> </div> <h2 class="pt-3" id ="examples">Procedure Examples</h2> <div class="tables-mobile"> <table class="table table-bordered table-alternate mt-2"> <thead> <tr> <th scope="col">ID</th> <th scope="col">Name</th> <th scope="col">Description</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td> <a href="/versions/v15/campaigns/C0029"> C0029 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v15/campaigns/C0029"> Cutting Edge </a> </td> <td> <p>During <a href="https://attack.mitre.org/campaigns/C0029">Cutting Edge</a>, threat actors modified the JavaScript loaded by the Ivanti Connect Secure login page to capture credentials entered.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-2') id="scite-ref-2-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Meltzer, M. et al. (2024, January 10). Active Exploitation of Two Zero-Day Vulnerabilities in Ivanti Connect Secure VPN. Retrieved February 27, 2024."data-reference="Volexity Ivanti Zero-Day Exploitation January 2024"><sup><a href="https://www.volexity.com/blog/2024/01/10/active-exploitation-of-two-zero-day-vulnerabilities-in-ivanti-connect-secure-vpn/" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="1" aria-describedby="qtip-1">[2]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/versions/v15/software/S1022"> S1022 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v15/software/S1022"> IceApple </a> </td> <td> <p>The <a href="/versions/v15/software/S1022">IceApple</a> OWA credential logger can monitor for OWA authentication requests and log the credentials.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-3') id="scite-ref-3-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="CrowdStrike. (2022, May). ICEAPPLE: A NOVEL INTERNET INFORMATION SERVICES (IIS) POST-EXPLOITATION FRAMEWORK. Retrieved June 27, 2022."data-reference="CrowdStrike IceApple May 2022"><sup><a href="https://www.crowdstrike.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/crowdstrike-iceapple-a-novel-internet-information-services-post-exploitation-framework.pdf" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="2" aria-describedby="qtip-2">[3]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/versions/v15/campaigns/C0030"> C0030 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v15/campaigns/C0030"> Triton Safety Instrumented System Attack </a> </td> <td> <p>In the <a href="https://attack.mitre.org/campaigns/C0030">Triton Safety Instrumented System Attack</a>, <a href="/versions/v15/groups/G0088">TEMP.Veles</a> captured credentials as they were being changed by redirecting text-based login codes to websites they controlled.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-4') id="scite-ref-4-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Blake Sobczak. (2019, March 7). The inside story of the world鈥檚 most dangerous malware. Retrieved March 25, 2024."data-reference="Triton-EENews-2017"><sup><a href="https://www.eenews.net/articles/the-inside-story-of-the-worlds-most-dangerous-malware/" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="3" aria-describedby="qtip-3">[4]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/versions/v15/software/S1116"> S1116 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v15/software/S1116"> WARPWIRE </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/versions/v15/software/S1116">WARPWIRE</a> can capture credentials submitted during the web logon process in order to access layer seven applications such as RDP.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-5') id="scite-ref-5-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="McLellan, T. et al. (2024, January 12). Cutting Edge: Suspected APT Targets Ivanti Connect Secure VPN in New Zero-Day Exploitation. Retrieved February 27, 2024."data-reference="Mandiant Cutting Edge January 2024"><sup><a href="https://www.mandiant.com/resources/blog/suspected-apt-targets-ivanti-zero-day" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="4" aria-describedby="qtip-4">[5]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <h2 class="pt-3" id ="mitigations">Mitigations</h2> <div class="tables-mobile"> <table class="table table-bordered table-alternate mt-2"> <thead> <tr> <th scope="col">ID</th> <th scope="col">Mitigation</th> <th scope="col">Description</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td> <a href="/versions/v15/mitigations/M1026"> M1026 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v15/mitigations/M1026"> Privileged Account Management </a> </td> <td> <p>Do not allow administrator accounts that have permissions to modify the Web content of organization login portals to be used for day-to-day operations that may expose them to potential adversaries on unprivileged systems.</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <h2 class="pt-3" id="detection">Detection</h2> <div class="tables-mobile"> <table class="table datasources-table table-bordered"> <thead> <tr> <th class="p-2" scope="col">ID</th> <th class="p-2 nowrap" scope="col">Data Source</th> <th class="p-2 nowrap" scope="col">Data Component</th> <th class="p-2" scope="col">Detects</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr class="datasource" id="uses-DS0022"> <td> <a href="/versions/v15/datasources/DS0022">DS0022</a> </td> <td class="nowrap"> <a href="/versions/v15/datasources/DS0022">File</a> </td> <!-- Add first data component here --> <td> <a href="/datasources/DS0022/#File%20Modification">File Modification</a> </td> <td> <p>Monitor for changes made to detect changes to files in the Web directory for organization login pages that do not match with authorized updates to the Web server's content.</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <h2 class="pt-3" id="references">References</h2> <div class="row"> <div class="col"> <ol> <li> <span id="scite-1" class="scite-citation"> <span class="scite-citation-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" name="scite-1" href="https://www.volexity.com/blog/2015/10/07/virtual-private-keylogging-cisco-web-vpns-leveraged-for-access-and-persistence/" target="_blank"> Adair, S. (2015, October 7). Virtual Private Keylogging: Cisco Web VPNs Leveraged for Access and Persistence. Retrieved March 20, 2017. </a> </span> </span> </li> <li> <span id="scite-2" class="scite-citation"> <span class="scite-citation-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" name="scite-2" href="https://www.volexity.com/blog/2024/01/10/active-exploitation-of-two-zero-day-vulnerabilities-in-ivanti-connect-secure-vpn/" target="_blank"> Meltzer, M. et al. (2024, January 10). Active Exploitation of Two Zero-Day Vulnerabilities in Ivanti Connect Secure VPN. Retrieved February 27, 2024. </a> </span> </span> </li> <li> <span id="scite-3" class="scite-citation"> <span class="scite-citation-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" name="scite-3" href="https://www.crowdstrike.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/crowdstrike-iceapple-a-novel-internet-information-services-post-exploitation-framework.pdf" target="_blank"> CrowdStrike. (2022, May). ICEAPPLE: A NOVEL INTERNET INFORMATION SERVICES (IIS) POST-EXPLOITATION FRAMEWORK. Retrieved June 27, 2022. </a> </span> </span> </li> </ol> </div> <div class="col"> <ol start="4.0"> <li> <span id="scite-4" class="scite-citation"> <span class="scite-citation-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" name="scite-4" href="https://www.eenews.net/articles/the-inside-story-of-the-worlds-most-dangerous-malware/" target="_blank"> Blake Sobczak. (2019, March 7). The inside story of the world鈥檚 most dangerous malware. Retrieved March 25, 2024. </a> </span> </span> </li> <li> <span id="scite-5" class="scite-citation"> <span class="scite-citation-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" name="scite-5" href="https://www.mandiant.com/resources/blog/suspected-apt-targets-ivanti-zero-day" target="_blank"> McLellan, T. et al. (2024, January 12). Cutting Edge: Suspected APT Targets Ivanti Connect Secure VPN in New Zero-Day Exploitation. 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