CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr" prefix="og: https://ogp.me/ns#"> <head> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://try.abtasty.com/1815f4bcb7f984090f9f3450ffb107c9.js"></script>  <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-PX5XDBN');</script>  <script defer src="//cdn.jsdelivr.net/bluebird/3.5.0/bluebird.min.js"></script> <script defer src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/fetch/2.0.3/fetch.js"></script> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="description" content="Even if you have never been subjected to an investment fraudster鈥檚 sales pitch, you probably know someone who has. Following the legendary Willie Sutton principle, fraudsters tend to go "where the money is"鈥攁nd that means targeting older Americans who are nearing or already in retirement.Financial fraudsters tend to go after people who are college-educated, optimistic and self-reliant. They also target those with higher incomes and financial knowledge, and have had a recent health or financial change. If you believe you've been defrauded or treated unfairly by a securities professional or firm, file a complaint. If you suspect that someone" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.finra.org/investors/protect-your-money/avoid-fraud" /> <link rel="image_src" href="https://www.finra.org/sites/default/files/2023-12/finra-logo.png" /> <meta name="google" content="p6aFpyERRdC4Ror_K0mTRRtXKjAsz35RTQl_MDv_nNg" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Avoid Fraud" /> <meta property="og:description" content="Even if you have never been subjected to an investment fraudster鈥檚 sales pitch, you probably know someone who has. Following the legendary Willie Sutton principle, fraudsters tend to go "where the money is"鈥攁nd that means targeting older Americans who are nearing or already in retirement.Financial fraudsters tend to go after people who are college-educated, optimistic and self-reliant. They also target those with higher incomes and financial knowledge, and have had a recent health or financial change. If you believe you've been defrauded or treated unfairly by a securities professional or firm, file a complaint. If you suspect that someone" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://www.finra.org/sites/default/files/2023-12/finra-logo.png" /> <meta name="Generator" content="Drupal 10 (https://www.drupal.org)" /> <meta name="MobileOptimized" content="width" /> <meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="true" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, shrink-to-fit=no" /> <meta http-equiv="x-ua-compatible" content="ie=edge" /><script type="text/javascript">(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).init={ajax:{deny_list:["bam.nr-data.net"]}};(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).loader_config={licenseKey:"d7b664b4b4",applicationID:"486102969"};;/*! For license information please see nr-loader-rum-1.274.0.min.js.LICENSE.txt */ (()=>{var e,t,r={8122:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{a:()=>i});var n=r(944);function i(e,t){try{if(!e||"object"!=typeof e)return(0,n.R)(3);if(!t||"object"!=typeof t)return(0,n.R)(4);const r=Object.create(Object.getPrototypeOf(t),Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(t)),o=0===Object.keys(r).length?e:r;for(let a in o)if(void 0!==e[a])try{if(null===e[a]){r[a]=null;continue}Array.isArray(e[a])&&Array.isArray(t[a])?r[a]=Array.from(new Set([...e[a],...t[a]])):"object"==typeof e[a]&&"object"==typeof t[a]?r[a]=i(e[a],t[a]):r[a]=e[a]}catch(e){(0,n.R)(1,e)}return r}catch(e){(0,n.R)(2,e)}}},2555:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Vp:()=>c,fn:()=>s,x1:()=>u});var n=r(384),i=r(8122);const o={beacon:n.NT.beacon,errorBeacon:n.NT.errorBeacon,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,sa:void 0,queueTime:void 0,applicationTime:void 0,ttGuid:void 0,user:void 0,account:void 0,product:void 0,extra:void 0,jsAttributes:{},userAttributes:void 0,atts:void 0,transactionName:void 0,tNamePlain:void 0},a={};function s(e){try{const t=c(e);return!!t.licenseKey&&!!t.errorBeacon&&!!t.applicationID}catch(e){return!1}}function c(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");if(!a[e])throw new Error("Info for ".concat(e," was never set"));return a[e]}function u(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");a[e]=(0,i.a)(t,o);const r=(0,n.nY)(e);r&&(r.info=a[e])}},9417:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{D0:()=>g,gD:()=>h,xN:()=>p});var n=r(993);const i=e=>{if(!e||"string"!=typeof e)return!1;try{document.createDocumentFragment().querySelector(e)}catch{return!1}return!0};var o=r(2614),a=r(944),s=r(384),c=r(8122);const u="[data-nr-mask]",d=()=>{const e={mask_selector:"*",block_selector:"[data-nr-block]",mask_input_options:{color:!1,date:!1,"datetime-local":!1,email:!1,month:!1,number:!1,range:!1,search:!1,tel:!1,text:!1,time:!1,url:!1,week:!1,textarea:!1,select:!1,password:!0}};return{ajax:{deny_list:void 0,block_internal:!0,enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},distributed_tracing:{enabled:void 0,exclude_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_tracecontext_headers:void 0,allowed_origins:void 0},feature_flags:[],generic_events:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:30,autoStart:!0},harvest:{tooManyRequestsDelay:60},jserrors:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},logging:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0,level:n.p_.INFO},metrics:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},obfuscate:void 0,page_action:{enabled:!0},page_view_event:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},page_view_timing:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:30,autoStart:!0},performance:{capture_marks:!1,capture_measures:!1},privacy:{cookies_enabled:!0},proxy:{assets:void 0,beacon:void 0},session:{expiresMs:o.wk,inactiveMs:o.BB},session_replay:{autoStart:!0,enabled:!1,harvestTimeSeconds:60,preload:!1,sampling_rate:10,error_sampling_rate:100,collect_fonts:!1,inline_images:!1,fix_stylesheets:!0,mask_all_inputs:!0,get mask_text_selector(){return e.mask_selector},set mask_text_selector(t){i(t)?e.mask_selector="".concat(t,",").concat(u):""===t||null===t?e.mask_selector=u:(0,a.R)(5,t)},get block_class(){return"nr-block"},get ignore_class(){return"nr-ignore"},get mask_text_class(){return"nr-mask"},get block_selector(){return e.block_selector},set block_selector(t){i(t)?e.block_selector+=",".concat(t):""!==t&&(0,a.R)(6,t)},get mask_input_options(){return e.mask_input_options},set mask_input_options(t){t&&"object"==typeof t?e.mask_input_options={...t,password:!0}:(0,a.R)(7,t)}},session_trace:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},soft_navigations:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},spa:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},ssl:void 0,user_actions:{enabled:!0}}},l={},f="All configuration objects require an agent identifier!";function g(e){if(!e)throw new Error(f);if(!l[e])throw new Error("Configuration for ".concat(e," was never set"));return l[e]}function p(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(f);l[e]=(0,c.a)(t,d());const r=(0,s.nY)(e);r&&(r.init=l[e])}function h(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(f);var r=g(e);if(r){for(var n=t.split("."),i=0;i<n.length-1;i++)if("object"!=typeof(r=r[n[i]]))return;r=r[n[n.length-1]]}return r}},3371:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{V:()=>f,f:()=>l});var n=r(8122),i=r(384),o=r(6154),a=r(9324);let s=0;const c={buildEnv:a.F3,distMethod:a.Xs,version:a.xv,originTime:o.WN},u={customTransaction:void 0,disabled:!1,isolatedBacklog:!1,loaderType:void 0,maxBytes:3e4,onerror:void 0,ptid:void 0,releaseIds:{},appMetadata:{},session:void 0,denyList:void 0,timeKeeper:void 0,obfuscator:void 0},d={};function l(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");if(!d[e])throw new Error("Runtime for ".concat(e," was never set"));return d[e]}function f(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");d[e]={...(0,n.a)(t,u),...c},Object.hasOwnProperty.call(d[e],"harvestCount")||Object.defineProperty(d[e],"harvestCount",{get:()=>++s});const r=(0,i.nY)(e);r&&(r.runtime=d[e])}},9324:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{F3:()=>i,Xs:()=>o,xv:()=>n});const n="1.274.0",i="PROD",o="CDN"},6154:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{OF:()=>c,RI:()=>i,WN:()=>d,bv:()=>o,gm:()=>a,mw:()=>s,sb:()=>u});var n=r(1863);const i="undefined"!=typeof window&&!!window.document,o="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator),a=i?window:"undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis),s=Boolean("hidden"===a?.document?.visibilityState),c=/iPad|iPhone|iPod/.test(a.navigator?.userAgent),u=c&&"undefined"==typeof SharedWorker,d=((()=>{const e=a.navigator?.userAgent?.match(/Firefox[/\s](\d+\.\d+)/);Array.isArray(e)&&e.length>=2&&e[1]})(),Date.now()-(0,n.t)())},1687:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Ak:()=>c,Ze:()=>l,x3:()=>u});var n=r(7836),i=r(3606),o=r(860),a=r(2646);const s={};function c(e,t){const r={staged:!1,priority:o.P3[t]||0};d(e),s[e].get(t)||s[e].set(t,r)}function u(e,t){e&&s[e]&&(s[e].get(t)&&s[e].delete(t),g(e,t,!1),s[e].size&&f(e))}function d(e){if(!e)throw new Error("agentIdentifier required");s[e]||(s[e]=new Map)}function l(e="",t="feature",r=!1){if(d(e),!e||!s[e].get(t)||r)return g(e,t);s[e].get(t).staged=!0,f(e)}function f(e){const t=Array.from(s[e]);t.every((([e,t])=>t.staged))&&(t.sort(((e,t)=>e[1].priority-t[1].priority)),t.forEach((([t])=>{s[e].delete(t),g(e,t)})))}function g(e,t,r=!0){const o=e?n.ee.get(e):n.ee,s=i.i.handlers;if(!o.aborted&&o.backlog&&s){if(r){const e=o.backlog[t],r=s[t];if(r){for(let t=0;e&&t<e.length;++t)p(e[t],r);Object.entries(r).forEach((([e,t])=>{Object.values(t||{}).forEach((t=>{t[0]?.on&&t[0]?.context()instanceof a.y&&t[0].on(e,t[1])}))}))}}o.isolatedBacklog||delete s[t],o.backlog[t]=null,o.emit("drain-"+t,[])}}function p(e,t){var r=e[1];Object.values(t[r]||{}).forEach((t=>{var r=e[0];if(t[0]===r){var n=t[1],i=e[3],o=e[2];n.apply(i,o)}}))}},7836:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{P:()=>c,ee:()=>u});var n=r(384),i=r(8990),o=r(3371),a=r(2646),s=r(5607);const c="nr@context:".concat(s.W),u=function e(t,r){var n={},s={},d={},l=!1;try{l=16===r.length&&(0,o.f)(r).isolatedBacklog}catch(e){}var f={on:p,addEventListener:p,removeEventListener:function(e,t){var r=n[e];if(!r)return;for(var i=0;i<r.length;i++)r[i]===t&&r.splice(i,1)},emit:function(e,r,n,i,o){!1!==o&&(o=!0);if(u.aborted&&!i)return;t&&o&&t.emit(e,r,n);for(var a=g(n),c=h(e),d=c.length,l=0;l<d;l++)c[l].apply(a,r);var p=m()[s[e]];p&&p.push([f,e,r,a]);return a},get:v,listeners:h,context:g,buffer:function(e,t){const r=m();if(t=t||"feature",f.aborted)return;Object.entries(e||{}).forEach((([e,n])=>{s[n]=t,t in r||(r[t]=[])}))},abort:function(){f._aborted=!0,Object.keys(f.backlog).forEach((e=>{delete f.backlog[e]}))},isBuffering:function(e){return!!m()[s[e]]},debugId:r,backlog:l?{}:t&&"object"==typeof t.backlog?t.backlog:{},isolatedBacklog:l};return Object.defineProperty(f,"aborted",{get:()=>{let e=f._aborted||!1;return e||(t&&(e=t.aborted),e)}}),f;function g(e){return e&&e instanceof a.y?e:e?(0,i.I)(e,c,(()=>new a.y(c))):new a.y(c)}function p(e,t){n[e]=h(e).concat(t)}function h(e){return n[e]||[]}function v(t){return d[t]=d[t]||e(f,t)}function m(){return f.backlog}}(void 0,"globalEE"),d=(0,n.Zm)();d.ee||(d.ee=u)},2646:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{y:()=>n});class n{constructor(e){this.contextId=e}}},9908:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{d:()=>n,p:()=>i});var n=r(7836).ee.get("handle");function i(e,t,r,i,o){o?(o.buffer([e],i),o.emit(e,t,r)):(n.buffer([e],i),n.emit(e,t,r))}},3606:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{i:()=>o});var n=r(9908);o.on=a;var i=o.handlers={};function o(e,t,r,o){a(o||n.d,i,e,t,r)}function a(e,t,r,i,o){o||(o="feature"),e||(e=n.d);var a=t[o]=t[o]||{};(a[r]=a[r]||[]).push([e,i])}},3878:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t){return{capture:e,passive:!1,signal:t}}function i(e,t,r=!1,i){window.addEventListener(e,t,n(r,i))}function o(e,t,r=!1,i){document.addEventListener(e,t,n(r,i))}r.d(t,{DD:()=>o,jT:()=>n,sp:()=>i})},5607:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{W:()=>n});const n=(0,r(9566).bz)()},9566:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{LA:()=>s,bz:()=>a});var n=r(6154);const i="xxxxxxxx-xxxx-4xxx-yxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx";function o(e,t){return e?15&e[t]:16*Math.random()|0}function a(){const e=n.gm?.crypto||n.gm?.msCrypto;let t,r=0;return e&&e.getRandomValues&&(t=e.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(30))),i.split("").map((e=>"x"===e?o(t,r++).toString(16):"y"===e?(3&o()|8).toString(16):e)).join("")}function s(e){const t=n.gm?.crypto||n.gm?.msCrypto;let r,i=0;t&&t.getRandomValues&&(r=t.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(e)));const a=[];for(var s=0;s<e;s++)a.push(o(r,i++).toString(16));return a.join("")}},2614:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{BB:()=>a,H3:()=>n,g:()=>u,iL:()=>c,tS:()=>s,uh:()=>i,wk:()=>o});const n="NRBA",i="SESSION",o=144e5,a=18e5,s={STARTED:"session-started",PAUSE:"session-pause",RESET:"session-reset",RESUME:"session-resume",UPDATE:"session-update"},c={SAME_TAB:"same-tab",CROSS_TAB:"cross-tab"},u={OFF:0,FULL:1,ERROR:2}},1863:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(){return Math.floor(performance.now())}r.d(t,{t:()=>n})},944:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t){"function"==typeof console.debug&&console.debug("New Relic Warning: https://github.com/newrelic/newrelic-browser-agent/blob/main/docs/warning-codes.md#".concat(e),t)}r.d(t,{R:()=>n})},5284:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{t:()=>c,B:()=>s});var n=r(7836),i=r(6154);const o="newrelic";const a=new Set,s={};function c(e,t){const r=n.ee.get(t);s[t]??={},e&&"object"==typeof e&&(a.has(t)||(r.emit("rumresp",[e]),s[t]=e,a.add(t),function(e={}){try{i.gm.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent(o,{detail:e}))}catch(e){}}({loaded:!0})))}},8990:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{I:()=>i});var n=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;function i(e,t,r){if(n.call(e,t))return e[t];var i=r();if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:i,writable:!0,enumerable:!1}),i}catch(e){}return e[t]=i,i}},6389:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t=500,r={}){const n=r?.leading||!1;let i;return(...r)=>{n&&void 0===i&&(e.apply(this,r),i=setTimeout((()=>{i=clearTimeout(i)}),t)),n||(clearTimeout(i),i=setTimeout((()=>{e.apply(this,r)}),t))}}function i(e){let t=!1;return(...r)=>{t||(t=!0,e.apply(this,r))}}r.d(t,{J:()=>i,s:()=>n})},5289:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{GG:()=>o,sB:()=>a});var n=r(3878);function i(){return"undefined"==typeof document||"complete"===document.readyState}function o(e,t){if(i())return e();(0,n.sp)("load",e,t)}function a(e){if(i())return e();(0,n.DD)("DOMContentLoaded",e)}},384:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{NT:()=>o,US:()=>d,Zm:()=>a,bQ:()=>c,dV:()=>s,nY:()=>u,pV:()=>l});var n=r(6154),i=r(1863);const o={beacon:"bam.nr-data.net",errorBeacon:"bam.nr-data.net"};function a(){return n.gm.NREUM||(n.gm.NREUM={}),void 0===n.gm.newrelic&&(n.gm.newrelic=n.gm.NREUM),n.gm.NREUM}function s(){let e=a();return e.o||(e.o={ST:n.gm.setTimeout,SI:n.gm.setImmediate,CT:n.gm.clearTimeout,XHR:n.gm.XMLHttpRequest,REQ:n.gm.Request,EV:n.gm.Event,PR:n.gm.Promise,MO:n.gm.MutationObserver,FETCH:n.gm.fetch,WS:n.gm.WebSocket}),e}function c(e,t){let r=a();r.initializedAgents??={},t.initializedAt={ms:(0,i.t)(),date:new Date},r.initializedAgents[e]=t}function u(e){let t=a();return t.initializedAgents?.[e]}function d(e,t){a()[e]=t}function l(){return function(){let e=a();const t=e.info||{};e.info={beacon:o.beacon,errorBeacon:o.errorBeacon,...t}}(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.init||{};e.init={...t}}(),s(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.loader_config||{};e.loader_config={...t}}(),a()}},2843:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{u:()=>i});var n=r(3878);function i(e,t=!1,r,i){(0,n.DD)("visibilitychange",(function(){if(t)return void("hidden"===document.visibilityState&&e());e(document.visibilityState)}),r,i)}},3434:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{YM:()=>c});var n=r(7836),i=r(5607);const o="nr@original:".concat(i.W);var a=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty,s=!1;function c(e,t){return e||(e=n.ee),r.inPlace=function(e,t,n,i,o){n||(n="");const a="-"===n.charAt(0);for(let s=0;s<t.length;s++){const c=t[s],u=e[c];d(u)||(e[c]=r(u,a?c+n:n,i,c,o))}},r.flag=o,r;function r(t,r,n,s,c){return d(t)?t:(r||(r=""),nrWrapper[o]=t,function(e,t,r){if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.keys(e).forEach((function(r){Object.defineProperty(t,r,{get:function(){return e[r]},set:function(t){return e[r]=t,t}})})),t}catch(e){u([e],r)}for(var n in e)a.call(e,n)&&(t[n]=e[n])}(t,nrWrapper,e),nrWrapper);function nrWrapper(){var o,a,d,l;try{a=this,o=[...arguments],d="function"==typeof n?n(o,a):n||{}}catch(t){u([t,"",[o,a,s],d],e)}i(r+"start",[o,a,s],d,c);try{return l=t.apply(a,o)}catch(e){throw i(r+"err",[o,a,e],d,c),e}finally{i(r+"end",[o,a,l],d,c)}}}function i(r,n,i,o){if(!s||t){var a=s;s=!0;try{e.emit(r,n,i,t,o)}catch(t){u([t,r,n,i],e)}s=a}}}function u(e,t){t||(t=n.ee);try{t.emit("internal-error",e)}catch(e){}}function d(e){return!(e&&"function"==typeof e&&e.apply&&!e[o])}},993:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{ET:()=>o,p_:()=>i});var n=r(860);const i={ERROR:"ERROR",WARN:"WARN",INFO:"INFO",DEBUG:"DEBUG",TRACE:"TRACE"},o="log";n.K7.logging},3969:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{TZ:()=>n,XG:()=>s,rs:()=>i,xV:()=>a,z_:()=>o});const n=r(860).K7.metrics,i="sm",o="cm",a="storeSupportabilityMetrics",s="storeEventMetrics"},6630:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.pageViewEvent},782:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.pageViewTiming},6344:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{G4:()=>i});var n=r(2614);r(860).K7.sessionReplay;const i={RECORD:"recordReplay",PAUSE:"pauseReplay",REPLAY_RUNNING:"replayRunning",ERROR_DURING_REPLAY:"errorDuringReplay"};n.g.ERROR,n.g.FULL,n.g.OFF},4234:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{W:()=>o});var n=r(7836),i=r(1687);class o{constructor(e,t){this.agentIdentifier=e,this.ee=n.ee.get(e),this.featureName=t,this.blocked=!1}deregisterDrain(){(0,i.x3)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName)}}},7603:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{j:()=>P});var n=r(860),i=r(2555),o=r(3371),a=r(9908),s=r(7836),c=r(1687),u=r(5289),d=r(6154),l=r(944),f=r(3969),g=r(384),p=r(6344);const h=["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","addRelease","addPageAction","setCurrentRouteName","setPageViewName","setCustomAttribute","interaction","noticeError","setUserId","setApplicationVersion","start",p.G4.RECORD,p.G4.PAUSE,"log","wrapLogger"],v=["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","addRelease"];var m=r(1863),b=r(2614),y=r(993);var w=r(2646),A=r(3434);function R(e,t,r,n){if("object"!=typeof t||!t||"string"!=typeof r||!r||"function"!=typeof t[r])return(0,l.R)(29);const i=function(e){return(e||s.ee).get("logger")}(e),o=(0,A.YM)(i),a=new w.y(s.P);return a.level=n.level,a.customAttributes=n.customAttributes,o.inPlace(t,[r],"wrap-logger-",a),i}function E(){const e=(0,g.pV)();h.forEach((t=>{e[t]=(...r)=>function(t,...r){let n=[];return Object.values(e.initializedAgents).forEach((e=>{e&&e.api?e.exposed&&e.api[t]&&n.push(e.api[t](...r)):(0,l.R)(38,t)})),n.length>1?n:n[0]}(t,...r)}))}const x={};function _(e,t,g=!1){t||(0,c.Ak)(e,"api");const h={};var w=s.ee.get(e),A=w.get("tracer");x[e]=b.g.OFF,w.on(p.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(t=>{x[e]=t}));var E="api-",_=E+"ixn-";function N(t,r,n,o){const a=(0,i.Vp)(e);return null===r?delete a.jsAttributes[t]:(0,i.x1)(e,{...a,jsAttributes:{...a.jsAttributes,[t]:r}}),j(E,n,!0,o||null===r?"session":void 0)(t,r)}function T(){}h.log=function(e,{customAttributes:t={},level:r=y.p_.INFO}={}){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/log/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),function(e,t,r={},i=y.p_.INFO){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/logging/".concat(i.toLowerCase(),"/called")],void 0,n.K7.metrics,e),(0,a.p)(y.ET,[(0,m.t)(),t,r,i],void 0,n.K7.logging,e)}(w,e,t,r)},h.wrapLogger=(e,t,{customAttributes:r={},level:i=y.p_.INFO}={})=>{(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/wrapLogger/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),R(w,e,t,{customAttributes:r,level:i})},v.forEach((e=>{h[e]=j(E,e,!0,"api")})),h.addPageAction=j(E,"addPageAction",!0,n.K7.genericEvents),h.setPageViewName=function(t,r){if("string"==typeof t)return"/"!==t.charAt(0)&&(t="/"+t),(0,o.f)(e).customTransaction=(r||"http://custom.transaction")+t,j(E,"setPageViewName",!0)()},h.setCustomAttribute=function(e,t,r=!1){if("string"==typeof e){if(["string","number","boolean"].includes(typeof t)||null===t)return N(e,t,"setCustomAttribute",r);(0,l.R)(40,typeof t)}else(0,l.R)(39,typeof e)},h.setUserId=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return N("enduser.id",e,"setUserId",!0);(0,l.R)(41,typeof e)},h.setApplicationVersion=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return N("application.version",e,"setApplicationVersion",!1);(0,l.R)(42,typeof e)},h.start=()=>{try{(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/start/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),w.emit("manual-start-all")}catch(e){(0,l.R)(23,e)}},h[p.G4.RECORD]=function(){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/recordReplay/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),(0,a.p)(p.G4.RECORD,[],void 0,n.K7.sessionReplay,w)},h[p.G4.PAUSE]=function(){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/pauseReplay/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),(0,a.p)(p.G4.PAUSE,[],void 0,n.K7.sessionReplay,w)},h.interaction=function(e){return(new T).get("object"==typeof e?e:{})};const S=T.prototype={createTracer:function(e,t){var r={},i=this,o="function"==typeof t;return(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/createTracer/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),g||(0,a.p)(_+"tracer",[(0,m.t)(),e,r],i,n.K7.spa,w),function(){if(A.emit((o?"":"no-")+"fn-start",[(0,m.t)(),i,o],r),o)try{return t.apply(this,arguments)}catch(e){const t="string"==typeof e?new Error(e):e;throw A.emit("fn-err",[arguments,this,t],r),t}finally{A.emit("fn-end",[(0,m.t)()],r)}}}};function j(e,t,r,i){return function(){return(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/"+t+"/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),i&&(0,a.p)(e+t,[(0,m.t)(),...arguments],r?null:this,i,w),r?void 0:this}}function k(){r.e(296).then(r.bind(r,8778)).then((({setAPI:t})=>{t(e),(0,c.Ze)(e,"api")})).catch((e=>{(0,l.R)(27,e),w.abort()}))}return["actionText","setName","setAttribute","save","ignore","onEnd","getContext","end","get"].forEach((e=>{S[e]=j(_,e,void 0,g?n.K7.softNav:n.K7.spa)})),h.setCurrentRouteName=g?j(_,"routeName",void 0,n.K7.softNav):j(E,"routeName",!0,n.K7.spa),h.noticeError=function(t,r){"string"==typeof t&&(t=new Error(t)),(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/noticeError/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),(0,a.p)("err",[t,(0,m.t)(),!1,r,!!x[e]],void 0,n.K7.jserrors,w)},d.RI?(0,u.GG)((()=>k()),!0):k(),h}var N=r(9417),T=r(8122);const S={accountID:void 0,trustKey:void 0,agentID:void 0,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,xpid:void 0},j={};var k=r(5284);const I=e=>{const t=e.startsWith("http");e+="/",r.p=t?e:"https://"+e};let O=!1;function P(e,t={},r,n){let{init:a,info:c,loader_config:u,runtime:l={},exposed:f=!0}=t;l.loaderType=r;const p=(0,g.pV)();c||(a=p.init,c=p.info,u=p.loader_config),(0,N.xN)(e.agentIdentifier,a||{}),function(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All loader-config objects require an agent identifier!");j[e]=(0,T.a)(t,S);const r=(0,g.nY)(e);r&&(r.loader_config=j[e])}(e.agentIdentifier,u||{}),c.jsAttributes??={},d.bv&&(c.jsAttributes.isWorker=!0),(0,i.x1)(e.agentIdentifier,c);const h=(0,N.D0)(e.agentIdentifier),v=[c.beacon,c.errorBeacon];O||(h.proxy.assets&&(I(h.proxy.assets),v.push(h.proxy.assets)),h.proxy.beacon&&v.push(h.proxy.beacon),E(),(0,g.US)("activatedFeatures",k.B),e.runSoftNavOverSpa&&=!0===h.soft_navigations.enabled&&h.feature_flags.includes("soft_nav")),l.denyList=[...h.ajax.deny_list||[],...h.ajax.block_internal?v:[]],l.ptid=e.agentIdentifier,(0,o.V)(e.agentIdentifier,l),e.ee=s.ee.get(e.agentIdentifier),void 0===e.api&&(e.api=_(e.agentIdentifier,n,e.runSoftNavOverSpa)),void 0===e.exposed&&(e.exposed=f),O=!0}},8374:(e,t,r)=>{r.nc=(()=>{try{return document?.currentScript?.nonce}catch(e){}return""})()},860:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{$J:()=>o,K7:()=>n,P3:()=>i});const n={ajax:"ajax",genericEvents:"generic_events",jserrors:"jserrors",logging:"logging",metrics:"metrics",pageAction:"page_action",pageViewEvent:"page_view_event",pageViewTiming:"page_view_timing",sessionReplay:"session_replay",sessionTrace:"session_trace",softNav:"soft_navigations",spa:"spa"},i={[n.pageViewEvent]:1,[n.pageViewTiming]:2,[n.metrics]:3,[n.jserrors]:4,[n.spa]:5,[n.ajax]:6,[n.sessionTrace]:7,[n.softNav]:8,[n.sessionReplay]:9,[n.logging]:10,[n.genericEvents]:11},o={[n.pageViewTiming]:"events",[n.ajax]:"events",[n.spa]:"events",[n.softNav]:"events",[n.metrics]:"jserrors",[n.jserrors]:"jserrors",[n.sessionTrace]:"browser/blobs",[n.sessionReplay]:"browser/blobs",[n.logging]:"browser/logs",[n.genericEvents]:"ins"}}},n={};function i(e){var t=n[e];if(void 0!==t)return t.exports;var o=n[e]={exports:{}};return r[e](o,o.exports,i),o.exports}i.m=r,i.d=(e,t)=>{for(var r in t)i.o(t,r)&&!i.o(e,r)&&Object.defineProperty(e,r,{enumerable:!0,get:t[r]})},i.f={},i.e=e=>Promise.all(Object.keys(i.f).reduce(((t,r)=>(i.f[r](e,t),t)),[])),i.u=e=>"nr-rum-1.274.0.min.js",i.o=(e,t)=>Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(e,t),e={},t="NRBA-1.274.0.PROD:",i.l=(r,n,o,a)=>{if(e[r])e[r].push(n);else{var s,c;if(void 0!==o)for(var u=document.getElementsByTagName("script"),d=0;d<u.length;d++){var l=u[d];if(l.getAttribute("src")==r||l.getAttribute("data-webpack")==t+o){s=l;break}}if(!s){c=!0;var f={296:"sha512-gkYkZDAwQ9PwaDXs2YM+rNIdRej1Ac1mupWobRJ8eahQcXz6/sunGZCKklrzi5kWxhOGRZr2tn0rEKuLTXzfAA=="};(s=document.createElement("script")).charset="utf-8",s.timeout=120,i.nc&&s.setAttribute("nonce",i.nc),s.setAttribute("data-webpack",t+o),s.src=r,0!==s.src.indexOf(window.location.origin+"/")&&(s.crossOrigin="anonymous"),f[a]&&(s.integrity=f[a])}e[r]=[n];var g=(t,n)=>{s.onerror=s.onload=null,clearTimeout(p);var i=e[r];if(delete e[r],s.parentNode&&s.parentNode.removeChild(s),i&&i.forEach((e=>e(n))),t)return t(n)},p=setTimeout(g.bind(null,void 0,{type:"timeout",target:s}),12e4);s.onerror=g.bind(null,s.onerror),s.onload=g.bind(null,s.onload),c&&document.head.appendChild(s)}},i.r=e=>{"undefined"!=typeof Symbol&&Symbol.toStringTag&&Object.defineProperty(e,Symbol.toStringTag,{value:"Module"}),Object.defineProperty(e,"__esModule",{value:!0})},i.p="https://js-agent.newrelic.com/",(()=>{var e={840:0,374:0};i.f.j=(t,r)=>{var n=i.o(e,t)?e[t]:void 0;if(0!==n)if(n)r.push(n[2]);else{var o=new Promise(((r,i)=>n=e[t]=[r,i]));r.push(n[2]=o);var a=i.p+i.u(t),s=new Error;i.l(a,(r=>{if(i.o(e,t)&&(0!==(n=e[t])&&(e[t]=void 0),n)){var o=r&&("load"===r.type?"missing":r.type),a=r&&r.target&&r.target.src;s.message="Loading chunk "+t+" failed.\n("+o+": "+a+")",s.name="ChunkLoadError",s.type=o,s.request=a,n[1](s)}}),"chunk-"+t,t)}};var t=(t,r)=>{var n,o,[a,s,c]=r,u=0;if(a.some((t=>0!==e[t]))){for(n in s)i.o(s,n)&&(i.m[n]=s[n]);if(c)c(i)}for(t&&t(r);u<a.length;u++)o=a[u],i.o(e,o)&&e[o]&&e[o][0](),e[o]=0},r=self["webpackChunk:NRBA-1.274.0.PROD"]=self["webpackChunk:NRBA-1.274.0.PROD"]||[];r.forEach(t.bind(null,0)),r.push=t.bind(null,r.push.bind(r))})(),(()=>{"use strict";i(8374);var e=i(944),t=i(6344),r=i(9566);class n{agentIdentifier;constructor(e=(0,r.LA)(16)){this.agentIdentifier=e}#e(t,...r){if("function"==typeof this.api?.[t])return this.api[t](...r);(0,e.R)(35,t)}addPageAction(e,t){return this.#e("addPageAction",e,t)}setPageViewName(e,t){return this.#e("setPageViewName",e,t)}setCustomAttribute(e,t,r){return this.#e("setCustomAttribute",e,t,r)}noticeError(e,t){return this.#e("noticeError",e,t)}setUserId(e){return this.#e("setUserId",e)}setApplicationVersion(e){return this.#e("setApplicationVersion",e)}setErrorHandler(e){return this.#e("setErrorHandler",e)}addRelease(e,t){return this.#e("addRelease",e,t)}log(e,t){return this.#e("log",e,t)}}class o extends n{#e(t,...r){if("function"==typeof this.api?.[t])return this.api[t](...r);(0,e.R)(35,t)}start(){return this.#e("start")}finished(e){return this.#e("finished",e)}recordReplay(){return this.#e(t.G4.RECORD)}pauseReplay(){return this.#e(t.G4.PAUSE)}addToTrace(e){return this.#e("addToTrace",e)}setCurrentRouteName(e){return this.#e("setCurrentRouteName",e)}interaction(){return this.#e("interaction")}wrapLogger(e,t,r){return this.#e("wrapLogger",e,t,r)}}var a=i(860),s=i(9417);const c=Object.values(a.K7);function u(e){const t={};return c.forEach((r=>{t[r]=function(e,t){return!0===(0,s.gD)(t,"".concat(e,".enabled"))}(r,e)})),t}var d=i(7603);var l=i(1687),f=i(4234),g=i(5289),p=i(6154),h=i(384);const v=e=>p.RI&&!0===(0,s.gD)(e,"privacy.cookies_enabled");function m(e){return!!(0,h.dV)().o.MO&&v(e)&&!0===(0,s.gD)(e,"session_trace.enabled")}var b=i(6389);class y extends f.W{constructor(e,t,r=!0){super(e.agentIdentifier,t),this.auto=r,this.abortHandler=void 0,this.featAggregate=void 0,this.onAggregateImported=void 0,!1===e.init[this.featureName].autoStart&&(this.auto=!1),this.auto?(0,l.Ak)(e.agentIdentifier,t):this.ee.on("manual-start-all",(0,b.J)((()=>{(0,l.Ak)(e.agentIdentifier,this.featureName),this.auto=!0,this.importAggregator(e)})))}importAggregator(t,r={}){if(this.featAggregate||!this.auto)return;let n;this.onAggregateImported=new Promise((e=>{n=e}));const o=async()=>{let o;try{if(v(this.agentIdentifier)){const{setupAgentSession:e}=await i.e(296).then(i.bind(i,3861));o=e(t)}}catch(t){(0,e.R)(20,t),this.ee.emit("internal-error",[t]),this.featureName===a.K7.sessionReplay&&this.abortHandler?.()}try{if(t.sharedAggregator)await t.sharedAggregator;else{t.sharedAggregator=i.e(296).then(i.bind(i,9337));const{EventAggregator:e}=await t.sharedAggregator;t.sharedAggregator=new e}if(!this.#t(this.featureName,o))return(0,l.Ze)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName),void n(!1);const{lazyFeatureLoader:e}=await i.e(296).then(i.bind(i,6103)),{Aggregate:a}=await e(this.featureName,"aggregate");this.featAggregate=new a(t,r),n(!0)}catch(t){(0,e.R)(34,t),this.abortHandler?.(),(0,l.Ze)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName,!0),n(!1),this.ee&&this.ee.abort()}};p.RI?(0,g.GG)((()=>o()),!0):o()}#t(e,t){switch(e){case a.K7.sessionReplay:return m(this.agentIdentifier)&&!!t;case a.K7.sessionTrace:return!!t;default:return!0}}}var w=i(6630);class A extends y{static featureName=w.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,w.T,t),this.importAggregator(e)}}var R=i(9908),E=i(2843),x=i(3878),_=i(782),N=i(1863);class T extends y{static featureName=_.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,_.T,t),p.RI&&((0,E.u)((()=>(0,R.p)("docHidden",[(0,N.t)()],void 0,_.T,this.ee)),!0),(0,x.sp)("pagehide",(()=>(0,R.p)("winPagehide",[(0,N.t)()],void 0,_.T,this.ee))),this.importAggregator(e))}}var S=i(3969);class j extends y{static featureName=S.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,S.TZ,t),this.importAggregator(e)}}new class extends o{constructor(t,r){super(r),p.gm?(this.features={},(0,h.bQ)(this.agentIdentifier,this),this.desiredFeatures=new Set(t.features||[]),this.desiredFeatures.add(A),this.runSoftNavOverSpa=[...this.desiredFeatures].some((e=>e.featureName===a.K7.softNav)),(0,d.j)(this,t,t.loaderType||"agent"),this.run()):(0,e.R)(21)}get config(){return{info:this.info,init:this.init,loader_config:this.loader_config,runtime:this.runtime}}run(){try{const t=u(this.agentIdentifier),r=[...this.desiredFeatures];r.sort(((e,t)=>a.P3[e.featureName]-a.P3[t.featureName])),r.forEach((r=>{if(!t[r.featureName]&&r.featureName!==a.K7.pageViewEvent)return;if(this.runSoftNavOverSpa&&r.featureName===a.K7.spa)return;if(!this.runSoftNavOverSpa&&r.featureName===a.K7.softNav)return;const n=function(e){switch(e){case a.K7.ajax:return[a.K7.jserrors];case a.K7.sessionTrace:return[a.K7.ajax,a.K7.pageViewEvent];case a.K7.sessionReplay:return[a.K7.sessionTrace];case a.K7.pageViewTiming:return[a.K7.pageViewEvent];default:return[]}}(r.featureName).filter((e=>!(e in this.features)));n.length>0&&(0,e.R)(36,{targetFeature:r.featureName,missingDependencies:n}),this.features[r.featureName]=new r(this)}))}catch(t){(0,e.R)(22,t);for(const e in this.features)this.features[e].abortHandler?.();const r=(0,h.Zm)();delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.api,delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.features,delete this.sharedAggregator;return r.ee.get(this.agentIdentifier).abort(),!1}}}({features:[A,T,j],loaderType:"lite"})})()})();</script> <link rel="icon" href="/themes/custom/finra_bootstrap_sass/favicon.ico" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon" /> <script>window.a2a_config=window.a2a_config||{};a2a_config.callbacks=[];a2a_config.overlays=[];a2a_config.templates={};a2a_config.exclude_services = [ 'linkedin', 'facebook', 'twitter', 'email', 'amazon_wish_list', 'aol_mail', 'balatarin', 'bibsonomy', 'bitty_browser', 'blogger', 'blogmarks', 'bookmarks_fr', 'box_net', 'buffer', 'citeulike', 'copy_link', 'diary_ru', 'diaspora', 'digg', 'diigo', 'douban', 'draugiem', 'evernote', 'fark', 'flipboard', 'folkd', 'google_gmail', 'google_classroom', 'hacker_news', 'hatena', 'houzz', 'instapaper', 'known', 'line', 'livejournal', 'mail_ru', 'mendeley', 'meneame', 'mewe', 'mixi', 'myspace', 'odnoklassniki', 'outlook_com', 'papaly', 'pinboard', 'pinterest', 'plurk', 'pocket', 'print', 'printfriendly', 'pusha', 'kindle_it', 'qzone', 'rediff', 'refind', 'sina_weibo', 'sitejot', 'skype', 'slashdot', 'sms', 'snapchat', 'svejo', 'symbaloo_bookmarks', 'telegram', 'threema', 'trello', 'tumblr', 'twiddla', 'typepad_post', 'viber', 'vk', 'wechat', 'wordpress', 'wykop', 'xing', 'yahoo_mail', 'yummly' ];</script> <title>Avoid Fraud | FINRA.org</title> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_X35dPCoJM-8k1UaRGFFJ3xZrO5ykHDRd7fkTA7UxZjI.css?delta=0&language=en&theme=finra_bootstrap_sass&include=eJyNUltuhDAMvBCQw1TqL3KIs7hN4sgOS7OnLyDoQ4W2P9bYM4onI3tKAr1lLloEcq-gagbmV8J2CEtDngYoxKkB5wpDquYAnRdOpfFLgRmVI5ovuJvRrq3-Keh0pNho1YLRWFBsPv1YECE2t8AWQqulBkq3xp-5_o-GMyaFpBcvoBb4udwKghtkirbRKaN40tF8oH7kOwqlgksWZ_yCMittGV7wKDpZPWNPolhN9r9_BHJuXU0QaWgFM0tZE7kTzmq22kV2U1iCDvCoxhJ38AJv3xTb4CpoVZD6vOrOJYIDx4jJoXsK5FCOTWvdcWBwO8wcqqcQ9nY7vEBaDlo4kh5uBfyOlgPK72MKGUQ" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://use.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.7.2/css/all.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://use.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.7.2/css/v4-shims.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_4FlG3mvF_qSrdKztu7pFNjsfHYHRFraOARteqnfNvyE.css?delta=3&language=en&theme=finra_bootstrap_sass&include=eJyNUltuhDAMvBCQw1TqL3KIs7hN4sgOS7OnLyDoQ4W2P9bYM4onI3tKAr1lLloEcq-gagbmV8J2CEtDngYoxKkB5wpDquYAnRdOpfFLgRmVI5ovuJvRrq3-Keh0pNho1YLRWFBsPv1YECE2t8AWQqulBkq3xp-5_o-GMyaFpBcvoBb4udwKghtkirbRKaN40tF8oH7kOwqlgksWZ_yCMittGV7wKDpZPWNPolhN9r9_BHJuXU0QaWgFM0tZE7kTzmq22kV2U1iCDvCoxhJ38AJv3xTb4CpoVZD6vOrOJYIDx4jJoXsK5FCOTWvdcWBwO8wcqqcQ9nY7vEBaDlo4kh5uBfyOlgPK72MKGUQ" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:300,300i,400,400i,600,600i,700,700i,800,800i" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//use.typekit.net/nba4hvp.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_kOVSrKsI0tVTTBq-iefInIqMdDDbu79EQa7Yz2isYRo.css?delta=7&language=en&theme=finra_bootstrap_sass&include=eJyNUltuhDAMvBCQw1TqL3KIs7hN4sgOS7OnLyDoQ4W2P9bYM4onI3tKAr1lLloEcq-gagbmV8J2CEtDngYoxKkB5wpDquYAnRdOpfFLgRmVI5ovuJvRrq3-Keh0pNho1YLRWFBsPv1YECE2t8AWQqulBkq3xp-5_o-GMyaFpBcvoBb4udwKghtkirbRKaN40tF8oH7kOwqlgksWZ_yCMittGV7wKDpZPWNPolhN9r9_BHJuXU0QaWgFM0tZE7kTzmq22kV2U1iCDvCoxhJ38AJv3xTb4CpoVZD6vOrOJYIDx4jJoXsK5FCOTWvdcWBwO8wcqqcQ9nY7vEBaDlo4kh5uBfyOlgPK72MKGUQ" /> </head> <body class="layout-two-sidebars page-node-9541">  <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-PX5XDBN" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>  <a href="#main-content" class="visually-hidden focusable"> Skip to main content </a> <div class="dialog-off-canvas-main-canvas" data-off-canvas-main-canvas> <div id="page-wrapper" class="page--type-article"> <div id="page"> <header id="Finra_homepage_header" class="header" role="banner" aria-label="Site header"> <div class="secondary-new-header"> <div class="secondary-header-row row"> <div class="secondary-menu" id = "desk_menu_sec"> <section class="region region-secondary-menu"> <nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-finrautilitymenu-menu" id="block-finrautilitymenu" data-block-plugin-id="system_menu_block:finra-utility-menu" class="block block-menu navigation menu--finra-utility-menu"> <h2 class="sr-only visually-hidden" id="block-finrautilitymenu-menu">FINRA Utility Menu</h2> <ul id="block-finrautilitymenu" class="clearfix nav navbar-nav"> <li class="nav-item menu-item--collapsed"> <a href="/about" class="nav-link" aria-labelledby="About FINRA" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/135106">About FINRA</a> </li> <li class="nav-item menu-item--collapsed"> <a href="/careers" class="nav-link" aria-labelledby="Careers" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/135166">Careers</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://brokercheck.finra.org" class="nav-link" aria-labelledby="BrokerCheck">BrokerCheck</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="/finra-data" class="nav-link" aria-labelledby="Data" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/180426">Data</a> </li> <li class="nav-item menu-item--collapsed"> <a href="/media-center" class="nav-link" aria-labelledby="Media Center" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/340671">Media Center</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="/member-firm-hub" class="nav-link" aria-labelledby="For Firms" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/342121">For Firms</a> </li> </ul> </nav> </section> </div> <div class="top-header-form"> <section class="region region-top-header-form"> <div id="block-finra-bootstrap-sass-loginoverlaynewhomepage-2" data-block-plugin-id="block_content:5f737dd3-a3ee-4d2a-b891-e115158ec6d9" class="block block-block-content block-block-content5f737dd3-a3ee-4d2a-b891-e115158ec6d9"> <div class="content"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><div class="test" aria-controls="loginCollapse" aria-expanded="false" data-toggle="collapse" href="#loginCollapse" id="login-icon" role="button"><p><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M304 128a80 80 0 1 0 -160 0 80 80 0 1 0 160 0zM96 128a128 128 0 1 1 256 0A128 128 0 1 1 96 128zM49.3 464H398.7c-8.9-63.3-63.3-112-129-112H178.3c-65.7 0-120.1 48.7-129 112zM0 482.3C0 383.8 79.8 304 178.3 304h91.4C368.2 304 448 383.8 448 482.3c0 16.4-13.3 29.7-29.7 29.7H29.7C13.3 512 0 498.7 0 482.3z"></path></svg></p></div><div class="collapse" id="loginCollapse"><div class="login-responsive">聽</div><div class="login-row" layout="row"><div class="login-col" layout="col"><p class="login-subtitle"><span>For the Public</span></p><p class="login-title"><a href="https://ews.finra.org/auth/logon?realm=ews&goto=https%3A//gateway.finra.org/app/data%3FrcpRedirNum%3D1">FINRA DATA</a></p><p class="login-desc">FINRA Data provides non-commercial use of data, specifically the ability to save data views and create and manage a Bond Watchlist.</p><div class="login-btn" style="padding:5px 0px 14px 0px;"><a href="https://ews.finra.org/auth/logon?realm=ews&goto=https%3A//gateway.finra.org/app/data%3FrcpRedirNum%3D1"><span>Login</span></a></div></div><div class="login-col" layout="col"><p class="login-subtitle"><span>For Industry Professionals</span></p><p class="login-title"><a href="https://finpro.finra.org/">FINPRO</a></p><p class="login-desc">Registered representatives can fulfill Continuing Education requirements, view their industry CRD record and perform other compliance tasks.</p><div class="login-btn" style="padding:5px 0px 14px 0px;"><a href="https://finpro.finra.org/"><span>Login</span></a></div></div><div class="login-col" layout="col"><p class="login-subtitle"><span>For Member Firms</span></p><p class="login-title"><a href="https://gateway.finra.org/">FINRA GATEWAY</a></p><p class="login-desc">Firm compliance professionals can access filings and requests, run reports and submit support tickets.</p><div class="login-btn" style="padding:5px 0px 14px 0px;"><a href="https://gateway.finra.org/"><span>Login</span></a></div></div><div class="login-col" layout="col"><p class="login-subtitle"><span>For Case Participants</span></p><p class="login-title"><a href="https://drportal.finra.org/">DR PORTAL</a></p><p class="login-desc">Arbitration and mediation case participants and FINRA neutrals can view case information and submit documents through this Dispute Resolution Portal.</p><div class="login-btn" style="padding:5px 0px 14px 0px;"><a href="https://drportal.finra.org/"><span>Login</span></a></div></div></div><div class="login-fourth"><p class="need-help" style="font-size:16px;"><a href="https://tools.finra.org/cc_support/">Need Help?</a> | <a href="/systems-status/">Check System Status</a></p><p class="other-systems" style="font-size:16px;"><a href="/filing-reporting/entitlement/systems">Log In to other FINRA systems</a></p></div></div></div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </div> </div> <div class="finra-container region-second-header"> <div class="row"> <div class="page-header"> <section class="region region-header"> <a href="/" title="Home" rel="home" class="navbar-brand"> <img src="/sites/default/files/Finra_85th_logo_0.png" alt="Home" width="115px" height="42.5px" class="img-fluid d-inline-block align-top" /> </a> </section> </div> <div class="navbar-top"> <nav class="navbar navbar-dark bg-transparent" id="navbar-top"> <div class="header-menus col collapse" id="CollapsingNavbar"> <div class="primary-header-row row"> <div class="primary-menu"> <section class="region region-primary-menu"> <div id="block-finra-bootstrap-sass-finrahomepagenavmegamenusnew" data-block-plugin-id="superfish:finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new" class="block block-superfish block-superfishfinra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new"> <div class="content"> <ul id="superfish-finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new" class="menu sf-menu sf-finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new sf-horizontal sf-style-none"> <li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-content1b4d9607-2d0a-4ba3-a6e7-4a6b1cbb6e82--2" class="sf-depth-1 header menuparent"><a href="/rules-guidance" class="sf-depth-1 menuparent" aria-labelledby="Rules & Guidance">Rules & Guidance</a><ul class="sf-multicolumn"><li class="sf-multicolumn-wrapper "><ol><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-content2b12b470-c7eb-4690-8fd4-f9b3e24e6e15--2" class="sf-depth-2 header sf-multicolumn-column menuparent"><div class="sf-multicolumn-column"><a href="/rules-guidance" class="sf-depth-2 menuparent" aria-labelledby="R&G Section 1">R&G Section 1</a><ol><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-content34143c81-286b-4cfe-96fd-1a36a135d75b--2" class="sf-depth-3 header menuparent"><a href="/rules-guidance/finra-manual" class="sf-depth-3 menuparent" aria-labelledby="FINRA Manual">FINRA Manual</a><ol><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-content3cd026de-017b-44ff-a42c-3d45c4adc2ba--2" class="sf-depth-4 header sf-no-children"><a href="/rules-guidance/rulebooks/updates" class="sf-depth-4" aria-labelledby="Updates">Updates</a></li></ol></li><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-contentcd534a29-dae6-4b27-954d-7f3f6aa5f95a--2" class="sf-depth-3 header menuparent"><a href="/rules-guidance/interpreting-rules" class="sf-depth-3 menuparent" aria-labelledby="Interpreting the Rules">Interpreting the Rules</a><ol><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-contentbfc59af9-883c-4ce9-9508-07a74a3dbac5--2" class="sf-depth-4 header sf-no-children"><a href="/rules-guidance/notices" class="sf-depth-4" aria-labelledby="Notices">Notices</a></li><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-contenta067da24-ce37-43a4-acbd-019db86020de--2" class="sf-depth-4 header sf-no-children"><a href="/rules-guidance/guidance" class="sf-depth-4" aria-labelledby="Guidance">Guidance</a></li><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-content157e31e2-c14b-4fd7-8e33-01515c4ba0bf--2" class="sf-depth-4 header sf-no-children"><a href="/rules-guidance/guidance/faqs" class="sf-depth-4" aria-labelledby="Frequently Asked Questions">Frequently Asked Questions</a></li><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-contente44c49ed-a2d7-4660-8937-8285e50fc411--2" class="sf-depth-4 header sf-no-children"><a href="/rules-guidance/key-topics" class="sf-depth-4" aria-labelledby="Key Topics">Key Topics</a></li><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-contenta7c1dcca-4c7d-437a-a1ab-6f0b1aadb744--2" class="sf-depth-4 header sf-no-children"><a href="/rules-guidance/interpretive-questions" class="sf-depth-4" aria-labelledby="Interpretive Questions">Interpretive Questions</a></li></ol></li></ol></div></li><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-content16a886d5-41e2-4e4e-820c-8b43ad12cf92--2" class="sf-depth-2 header sf-multicolumn-column menuparent"><div class="sf-multicolumn-column"><a href="/rules-guidance" class="sf-depth-2 menuparent" aria-labelledby="R&G Section 2">R&G Section 2</a><ol><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-content7bf9ad1b-48c9-46ea-aea1-0c8fedf6e76b--2" class="sf-depth-3 header menuparent"><a href="/rules-guidance/rulemaking-process" class="sf-depth-3 menuparent" aria-labelledby="The Rulemaking Process">The Rulemaking Process</a><ol><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-contentbb8cb4dd-cc48-4206-9aa6-8c076743f2b9--2" class="sf-depth-4 header sf-no-children"><a href="/rules-guidance/rule-filings" class="sf-depth-4" aria-labelledby="Rule Filings">Rule Filings</a></li><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-content0435d995-74bd-40da-b86a-40b62d41e5d9--2" class="sf-depth-4 header sf-no-children"><a href="https://tools.finra.org/rule_filings/" class="sf-depth-4 sf-external" aria-labelledby="Rule Filing Status Report">Rule Filing Status Report</a></li><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-content5e4d2052-7c9f-43be-b9c9-b970f21d78fd--2" class="sf-depth-4 header sf-no-children"><a href="/rules-guidance/requests-for-comments" class="sf-depth-4" aria-labelledby="Requests for Comments">Requests for Comments</a></li><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-content72741ca5-a482-40a7-ac2e-bfbcdb708594--2" class="sf-depth-4 header sf-no-children"><a href="/rules-guidance/rulebook-consolidation" class="sf-depth-4" aria-labelledby="Rulebook Consolidation">Rulebook Consolidation</a></li></ol></li></ol></div></li><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-content47861d1e-f84c-48aa-a39c-7a264303694d--2" class="sf-depth-2 header sf-multicolumn-column menuparent"><div class="sf-multicolumn-column"><a href="/rules-guidance" class="sf-depth-2 menuparent" aria-labelledby="R&G Section 3">R&G Section 3</a><ol><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-content4d3988a6-9d3c-4b49-b08f-5ec10bd2378d--2" class="sf-depth-3 header menuparent"><a href="/rules-guidance/adjudication-decisions" class="sf-depth-3 menuparent" aria-labelledby="Adjudications & Decisions">Adjudications & Decisions</a><ol><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-contentda0fdb33-e0ea-4e1a-b92c-cf7a90128e9b--2" class="sf-depth-4 header sf-no-children"><a href="/rules-guidance/adjudication-decisions/national-adjudicatory-council-nac" class="sf-depth-4" aria-labelledby="National Adjudicatory Council (NAC)">National Adjudicatory Council (NAC)</a></li><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-contentf37f3677-c5e1-403d-a87c-288b022fc036--2" class="sf-depth-4 header sf-no-children"><a href="/rules-guidance/adjudication-decisions/office-hearing-officers-oho/about" class="sf-depth-4" aria-labelledby="Office of Hearing Officers (OHO)">Office of Hearing Officers (OHO)</a></li></ol></li></ol></div></li><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-content14293eb5-673b-4472-95fc-84c7b5a3c532--2" class="sf-depth-2 header sf-multicolumn-column menuparent"><div class="sf-multicolumn-column"><a href="/rules-guidance" class="sf-depth-2 menuparent" aria-labelledby="R&G Section 4">R&G Section 4</a><ol><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-contente040ccaf-750c-4e7a-b1ac-b527a3b29bc1--2" class="sf-depth-3 header menuparent"><a href="/rules-guidance/enforcement" class="sf-depth-3 menuparent" aria-labelledby="Enforcement">Enforcement</a><ol><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-content3160b9d2-e42d-4588-b87c-fdd986d234de--2" class="sf-depth-4 header sf-no-children"><a href="https://www.finra.org/rules-guidance/oversight-enforcement/disciplinary-actions-online" class="sf-depth-4 sf-external" aria-labelledby="Disciplinary Actions Online">Disciplinary Actions Online</a></li><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-content9bc2c3c1-6105-4a43-84e7-d3b87b38bbdd--2" class="sf-depth-4 header sf-no-children"><a href="/rules-guidance/oversight-enforcement/disciplinary-actions" class="sf-depth-4" aria-labelledby="Monthly Disciplinary Actions">Monthly Disciplinary Actions</a></li><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-contentdcdce396-9e20-4fba-9cf9-7c1822af7b43--2" class="sf-depth-4 header sf-no-children"><a href="/rules-guidance/oversight-enforcement/sanction-guidelines" class="sf-depth-4" aria-labelledby="Sanction Guidelines">Sanction Guidelines</a></li><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-content7ae8b495-7bbc-4713-a3d1-393e757a4f7a--2" class="sf-depth-4 header sf-no-children"><a href="/rules-guidance/oversight-Oversight%20%26%20Enforcement/individuals-barred-finra" class="sf-depth-4" aria-labelledby="Individuals Barred by FINRA">Individuals Barred by FINRA</a></li></ol></li></ol></div></li></ol></li></ul></li><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-content568be8c6-2749-4b61-afa4-e1aef3056650--2" class="sf-depth-1 header menuparent"><a href="/registration-exams-ce" class="sf-depth-1 menuparent" aria-labelledby="Registration, Exams & CE">Registration, Exams & CE</a><ul class="sf-multicolumn"><li class="sf-multicolumn-wrapper "><ol><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-content743dcab1-fa12-4078-9425-f1e5f9d0519a--2" class="sf-depth-2 header sf-multicolumn-column menuparent"><div class="sf-multicolumn-column"><a href="/registration-exams-ce" class="sf-depth-2 menuparent" aria-labelledby="Registration section 1">Registration section 1</a><ol><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-content4e8b3fa4-2b63-4dc6-9b06-3ec58bd3b6d6--2" class="sf-depth-3 header menuparent"><a href="/registration-exams-ce/registration" class="sf-depth-3 menuparent" aria-labelledby="Registration">Registration</a><ol><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-contentf6878ec3-2a37-4286-b0ff-51f38f2ea5fd--2" class="sf-depth-4 header sf-no-children"><a href="/registration-exams-ce/broker-dealers" class="sf-depth-4" aria-labelledby="Broker Dealers">Broker Dealers</a></li><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-content0ecbf1ea-6ca0-4bc8-8e9b-59e7cba90a62--2" class="sf-depth-4 header sf-no-children"><a href="/registration-exams-ce/capital-acquisition-brokers" class="sf-depth-4" aria-labelledby="Capital Acquisition Brokers">Capital Acquisition Brokers</a></li><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-content01963f11-2411-4031-a5c9-8e73580648f3--2" class="sf-depth-4 header sf-no-children"><a href="/registration-exams-ce/funding-portals" class="sf-depth-4" aria-labelledby="Funding Portals">Funding Portals</a></li><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-content45b769ff-9b3c-4cbc-befb-79380e5b6014--2" class="sf-depth-4 header sf-no-children"><a href="/registration-exams-ce/individuals" class="sf-depth-4" aria-labelledby="Individuals">Individuals</a></li></ol></li></ol></div></li><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-contentac0e3bb2-976c-4b6a-8fec-981489a9fdec--2" class="sf-depth-2 header sf-multicolumn-column menuparent"><div class="sf-multicolumn-column"><a href="/registration-exams-ce" class="sf-depth-2 menuparent" aria-labelledby="Registration Section 2">Registration Section 2</a><ol><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-content5b603fc0-12c2-44c3-bb60-0db5f114a14f--2" class="sf-depth-3 header menuparent"><a href="/registration-exams-ce/qualification-exams" class="sf-depth-3 menuparent" aria-labelledby="Qualification Exams">Qualification Exams</a><ol><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-content63752dac-c460-4619-b75a-0544d39f9e21--2" class="sf-depth-4 header sf-no-children"><a href="/registration-exams-ce/qualification-exams/securities-industry-essentials-exam-sie" class="sf-depth-4" aria-labelledby="Securities Industry Essentials Exam (SIE)">Securities Industry Essentials Exam (SIE)</a></li><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-contenteba0ebc3-0134-40a1-869d-3a5a30f05306--2" class="sf-depth-4 header sf-no-children"><a href="/registration-exams-ce/qualification-exams/series7" class="sf-depth-4" aria-labelledby="Series 7">Series 7</a></li></ol></li><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-content1d435c60-0a5d-4ac1-baac-6feb68ac1aa4--2" class="sf-depth-3 header menuparent"><a href="/registration-exams-ce/continuing-education" class="sf-depth-3 menuparent" aria-labelledby="Continuing Education (CE)">Continuing Education (CE)</a><ol><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-content12708005-03a9-4813-a1c4-b79ccb575e00--2" class="sf-depth-4 header sf-no-children"><a href="/registration-exams-ce/continuing-education/regulatory-element-topics" class="sf-depth-4" aria-labelledby="View a Regulatory Element Learning Plan">View a Regulatory Element Learning Plan</a></li></ol></li></ol></div></li><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-content87ac70da-476d-497b-bee4-39d65e59ea5f--2" class="sf-depth-2 header sf-multicolumn-column menuparent"><div class="sf-multicolumn-column"><a href="/registration-exams-ce" class="sf-depth-2 menuparent" aria-labelledby="Registration Section 3">Registration Section 3</a><ol><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-content1f87e2bc-137c-4e76-ba12-921ac5400696--2" class="sf-depth-3 header menuparent"><a href="/registration-exams-ce/classic-crd" class="sf-depth-3 menuparent" aria-labelledby="Registration Systems">Registration Systems</a><ol><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-content74de55a6-970c-49a4-877f-6a3cd1584db9--2" class="sf-depth-4 header sf-no-children"><a href="/registration-exams-ce/classic-crd" class="sf-depth-4" aria-labelledby="Classic CRD">Classic CRD</a></li><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-contentc425811e-6944-4643-9a4b-21222d7ed44e--2" class="sf-depth-4 header sf-no-children"><a href="/registration-exams-ce/finpro" class="sf-depth-4" aria-labelledby="Financial Professional Gateway (FinPro)">Financial Professional Gateway (FinPro)</a></li><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-content7afd209b-9193-484a-b160-9705bcd8e250--2" class="sf-depth-4 header sf-no-children"><a href="/registration-exams-ce/financial-industry-networking-directory" class="sf-depth-4" aria-labelledby="Financial Industry Networking Directory (FIND)">Financial Industry Networking Directory (FIND)</a></li></ol></li></ol></div></li></ol></li></ul></li><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-contentc47867f6-a419-4633-83aa-9fb4c8d8cda7--2" class="sf-depth-1 header menuparent"><a href="/events-training" class="sf-depth-1 menuparent" aria-labelledby="Events & Training">Events & Training</a><ul class="sf-multicolumn"><li class="sf-multicolumn-wrapper "><ol><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-content9cd640c1-feb7-4c4a-b67e-a3eaedacd028--2" class="sf-depth-2 header sf-multicolumn-column menuparent"><div class="sf-multicolumn-column"><a href="/events-training" class="sf-depth-2 menuparent" aria-labelledby="Events & Training Section 1">Events & Training Section 1</a><ol><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-contentf380a1ac-d9fd-45e2-8f15-32b96331c18f--2" class="sf-depth-3 header sf-no-children"><a href="/events-training/conferences-events" class="sf-depth-3" aria-labelledby="Conferences & Events">Conferences & Events</a></li><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-content9abdc27c-9497-426d-be8e-465a10d034ac--2" class="sf-depth-3 header sf-no-children"><a href="/events-training/finra-georgetown" class="sf-depth-3" aria-labelledby="FINRA Institute at Georgetown">FINRA Institute at Georgetown</a></li><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-content81cc3c6b-ad65-4627-8b34-69f4bb5d3e5e--2" class="sf-depth-3 header sf-no-children"><a href="/events-training/flex" class="sf-depth-3" aria-labelledby="Financial Learning Experience (FLEX)">Financial Learning Experience (FLEX)</a></li><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-content8febe617-8873-4d02-aca8-d13df4b6649e--2" class="sf-depth-3 header sf-no-children"><a href="/compliance-tools/small-firms-information/small-firm-report" class="sf-depth-3" aria-labelledby="Small Firm Conference Call">Small Firm Conference Call</a></li><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-content911c7ec5-023c-4c98-953f-b121ff986fa3--2" class="sf-depth-3 header sf-no-children"><a href="/events-training/webinars" class="sf-depth-3" aria-labelledby="Webinars">Webinars</a></li></ol></div></li></ol></li></ul></li><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-contentf3f7bbdd-246d-45c1-af1c-960dc8ad074d--2" class="sf-depth-1 header menuparent"><a href="/filing-reporting" class="sf-depth-1 menuparent" aria-labelledby="Filing & Reporting">Filing & Reporting</a><ul class="sf-multicolumn"><li class="sf-multicolumn-wrapper "><ol><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-content296db8b3-7b22-4c23-a036-06be44277a69--2" class="sf-depth-2 header sf-multicolumn-column menuparent"><div class="sf-multicolumn-column"><a href="/filing-reporting" class="sf-depth-2 menuparent" aria-labelledby="Filing & Reporting Section 1">Filing & Reporting Section 1</a><ol><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-contentf874a19d-557b-487f-88f1-3d84445f4bc9--2" class="sf-depth-3 header sf-no-children"><a href="/filing-reporting/finra-gateway" class="sf-depth-3" aria-labelledby="FINRA Gateway">FINRA Gateway</a></li><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-contentf6c4c3c6-93c8-42cf-ab58-476a92d01380--2" class="sf-depth-3 header sf-no-children"><a href="/filing-reporting/systems-status" class="sf-depth-3" aria-labelledby="Systems Status">Systems Status</a></li><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-contentd27e2150-fc22-4e07-98c1-2cce079184a8--2" class="sf-depth-3 header sf-no-children"><a href="/filing-reporting/entitlement" class="sf-depth-3" aria-labelledby="Entitlement Program">Entitlement Program</a></li><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-content68c74d41-92b9-4e79-84e4-5c43beaf45dc--2" class="sf-depth-3 header sf-no-children"><a href="/filing-reporting/market-transparency-reporting" class="sf-depth-3" aria-labelledby="Market Transparency Reporting Tools">Market Transparency Reporting Tools</a></li><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-contentbb250ecd-0432-4ebc-bccf-a21e455fb617--2" class="sf-depth-3 header sf-no-children"><a href="/filing-reporting/regulatory-filing-systems" class="sf-depth-3" aria-labelledby="Regulatory Filing Systems">Regulatory Filing Systems</a></li><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-content2de7e722-b3b2-471e-9cf2-587f649dd923--2" class="sf-depth-3 header sf-no-children"><a href="/filing-reporting/data-transfer-tools" class="sf-depth-3" aria-labelledby="Data Transfer Tools">Data Transfer Tools</a></li><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-contentec6d9be1-8ac6-4071-890c-52838b5490a2--2" class="sf-depth-3 header sf-no-children"><a href="/filing-reporting/e-bill" class="sf-depth-3" aria-labelledby="E-Bill">E-Bill</a></li></ol></div></li></ol></li></ul></li><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-contentabdfc859-e1e4-4071-9b99-9535c132ee72--2" class="sf-depth-1 header menuparent"><a href="/compliance-tools" class="sf-depth-1 menuparent" aria-labelledby="Compliance Tools">Compliance Tools</a><ul class="sf-multicolumn"><li class="sf-multicolumn-wrapper "><ol><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-content318c9740-343f-48dd-a32e-600f8c817211--2" class="sf-depth-2 header sf-multicolumn-column menuparent"><div class="sf-multicolumn-column"><a href="/compliance-tools" class="sf-depth-2 menuparent" aria-labelledby="Compliance Tools Section 1">Compliance Tools Section 1</a><ol><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-content2badcc82-a0ba-4813-a97b-5cde27a154a6--2" class="sf-depth-3 header sf-no-children"><a href="https://www.finra.org/compliance-tools/cybersecurity-checklist" class="sf-depth-3 sf-external" aria-labelledby="Cybersecurity Checklist">Cybersecurity Checklist</a></li><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-content7f6b440c-bc36-49c7-900b-1fe8e36909db--2" class="sf-depth-3 header sf-no-children"><a href="/compliance-tools/compliance-calendar" class="sf-depth-3" aria-labelledby="Compliance Calendar">Compliance Calendar</a></li><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-contente0f11415-45ff-4cf1-925e-cf2b1f5cecf9--2" class="sf-depth-3 header sf-no-children"><a href="/compliance-tools/weekly-archive" class="sf-depth-3" aria-labelledby="Weekly Update Email Archive">Weekly Update Email Archive</a></li><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-content170de235-7c02-4852-984e-95eef4499125--2" class="sf-depth-3 header sf-no-children"><a href="/compliance-tools/peer-2-peer-compliance-library" class="sf-depth-3" aria-labelledby="Peer-2-Peer Compliance Library">Peer-2-Peer Compliance Library</a></li></ol></div></li></ol></li></ul></li><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-content8a617041-43a3-43ff-9f58-6a2615970d47--2" class="active-trail sf-depth-1 header menuparent"><a href="/investors" class="sf-depth-1 menuparent" aria-labelledby="For Investors">For Investors</a><ul class="sf-multicolumn"><li class="sf-multicolumn-wrapper "><ol><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-content955b2de2-2baf-4187-9e39-086c21440220--2" class="sf-depth-2 header sf-multicolumn-column menuparent"><div class="sf-multicolumn-column"><a href="/investors" class="sf-depth-2 menuparent" aria-labelledby="For Investors Section 1">For Investors Section 1</a><ol><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-content1def6247-9eb1-41f1-a045-bbfc96316e74--2" class="sf-depth-3 header sf-no-children"><a href="/investors/insights" class="sf-depth-3" aria-labelledby="Investor Insights">Investor Insights</a></li><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-content0f5c83d6-0199-481c-bdb8-4215fffb4371--2" class="sf-depth-3 header sf-no-children"><a href="/investors/tools-and-calculators" class="sf-depth-3" aria-labelledby="Tools & Calculators">Tools & Calculators</a></li><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-content53f5080d-f916-4b0a-942e-129c5cf72090--2" class="sf-depth-3 header menuparent"><a href="/investors/personal-finance" class="sf-depth-3 menuparent" aria-labelledby="Personal Finance">Personal Finance</a><ol><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-content7c320bbc-4fad-463a-97ee-024d99463fca--2" class="sf-depth-4 header sf-no-children"><a href="/investors/personal-finance/know-your-net-worth" class="sf-depth-4" aria-labelledby="Net Worth">Net Worth</a></li><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-content26f056cf-1b99-4c9d-a97c-18cc65a4eb22--2" class="sf-depth-4 header sf-no-children"><a href="/investors/personal-finance/control-spending-calculate-cash-flow" class="sf-depth-4" aria-labelledby="Spending">Spending</a></li><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-content2c662e03-9e1f-4e44-80e6-aba99155f167--2" class="sf-depth-4 header sf-no-children"><a href="/investors/personal-finance/manage-your-debt" class="sf-depth-4" aria-labelledby="Debt">Debt</a></li><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-content2d5626b5-fe42-47bf-8088-a4996e53f73e--2" class="sf-depth-4 header sf-no-children"><a href="/investors/personal-finance/how-your-credit-score-impacts-your-financial-future" class="sf-depth-4" aria-labelledby="Credit Scores">Credit Scores</a></li><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-content5388280f-edc8-40b9-a071-e4d109117508--2" class="sf-depth-4 header sf-no-children"><a href="/investors/personal-finance/start-emergency-fund" class="sf-depth-4" aria-labelledby="Emergency Funds">Emergency Funds</a></li></ol></li></ol></div></li><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-content7d8f8a9d-8b19-4d7e-a8cd-586399b0e4f8--2" class="active-trail sf-depth-2 header sf-multicolumn-column menuparent"><div class="sf-multicolumn-column"><a href="/investors" class="sf-depth-2 menuparent" aria-labelledby="For Investors Section 2">For Investors Section 2</a><ol><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-content64f29299-b56d-4976-9c4d-c4cd58f933ba--2" class="sf-depth-3 header menuparent"><a href="/investors/investing" class="sf-depth-3 menuparent" aria-labelledby="Investing">Investing</a><ol><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-content3d6bebd0-cfbc-4d39-88f9-a401f33f597e--2" class="sf-depth-4 header sf-no-children"><a href="/investors/investing/investing-basics" class="sf-depth-4" aria-labelledby="Investing Basics">Investing Basics</a></li><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-contente62ab252-c90e-43eb-b799-328c951f9680--2" class="sf-depth-4 header sf-no-children"><a href="/investors/investing/investment-products" class="sf-depth-4" aria-labelledby="Investment Products">Investment Products</a></li><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-content4a8dd42d-00d4-4290-8ed4-e6224956af5f--2" class="sf-depth-4 header sf-no-children"><a href="/investors/investing/investment-accounts" class="sf-depth-4" aria-labelledby="Investment Accounts">Investment Accounts</a></li><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-contentf425f2b1-c2f1-4000-9bb7-2233a2298437--2" class="sf-depth-4 header sf-no-children"><a href="/investors/investing/working-with-investment-professional" class="sf-depth-4" aria-labelledby="Working With an Investment Professional">Working With an Investment Professional</a></li></ol></li><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-contenta983f7d0-3993-4f42-80d8-ed474e986f45--2" class="active-trail sf-depth-3 header menuparent"><a href="/investors/protect-your-money" class="sf-depth-3 menuparent" aria-labelledby="Protect Your Money">Protect Your Money</a><ol><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-content84745677-33ee-4917-b6d7-78f2d33ae64a--2" class="sf-depth-4 header sf-no-children"><a href="/investors/alerts" class="sf-depth-4" aria-labelledby="Investor Alerts">Investor Alerts</a></li><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-contentbabb7a34-330b-432a-9c7a-3aed86cab6b3--2" class="sf-depth-4 header sf-no-children"><a href="/investors/protect-your-money/ask-and-check" class="sf-depth-4" aria-labelledby="Ask and Check">Ask and Check</a></li><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-content75981642-a29c-4c2f-a04a-268dd98fd524--2" class="active-trail sf-depth-4 header sf-no-children"><a href="/investors/protect-your-money/avoid-fraud" class="is-active sf-depth-4" aria-labelledby="Avoid Fraud">Avoid Fraud</a></li><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-content773fb0c7-df7e-422b-a8f0-3689c3f58683--2" class="sf-depth-4 header sf-no-children"><a href="/investors/protect-your-money/protect-your-identity" class="sf-depth-4" aria-labelledby="Protect Your Identity">Protect Your Identity</a></li></ol></li></ol></div></li><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-contentf03d2691-6592-4649-b41d-6652712ef3d0--2" class="sf-depth-2 header sf-multicolumn-column menuparent"><div class="sf-multicolumn-column"><a href="/investors" class="sf-depth-2 menuparent" aria-labelledby="For Investors Section 3">For Investors Section 3</a><ol><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-contentb0c88306-2bd6-4078-8a56-8766b2affe7f--2" class="sf-depth-3 header sf-no-children"><a href="/investors/military" class="sf-depth-3" aria-labelledby="For the Military">For the Military</a></li><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-content1b13b9ef-e483-4cb3-bce6-a5e1069fc45e--2" class="sf-depth-3 header menuparent"><a href="/investors/need-help" class="sf-depth-3 menuparent" aria-labelledby="Need Help?">Need Help?</a><ol><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-contentf4bc73f1-2d52-4a24-9c44-7d956273b8fb--2" class="sf-depth-4 header sf-no-children"><a href="/investors/need-help/file-a-complaint" class="sf-depth-4" aria-labelledby="File a Complaint">File a Complaint</a></li><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-contentcca58141-8642-401c-acd4-a857dae74c57--2" class="sf-depth-4 header sf-no-children"><a href="/investors/need-help/helpline-seniors" class="sf-depth-4" aria-labelledby="FINRA Securities Helpline for Seniors">FINRA Securities Helpline for Seniors</a></li><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-contentb8670cad-ba33-4aff-a609-45c82362ed80--2" class="sf-depth-4 header sf-no-children"><a href="/arbitration-mediation" class="sf-depth-4" aria-labelledby="Dispute Resolution">Dispute Resolution</a></li><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-content6b4ead9c-d440-41c5-af0b-aa0f20f66919--2" class="sf-depth-4 header sf-no-children"><a href="/investors/need-help/legitimate-avenues-recovery-investment-losses" class="sf-depth-4" aria-labelledby="Avenues for Recovery of Losses">Avenues for Recovery of Losses</a></li></ol></li></ol></div></li></ol></li></ul></li> </ul> </div> </div> </section> </div> <hr> <div id="mob_menu_sec" class="secondary-menu" style = "display:none"> <section class="region region-secondary-menu"> <nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-finrautilitymenu-menu" id="block-finrautilitymenu" data-block-plugin-id="system_menu_block:finra-utility-menu" class="block block-menu navigation menu--finra-utility-menu"> <h2 class="sr-only visually-hidden" id="block-finrautilitymenu-menu">FINRA Utility Menu</h2> <ul id="block-finrautilitymenu" class="clearfix nav navbar-nav"> <li class="nav-item menu-item--collapsed"> <a href="/about" class="nav-link" aria-labelledby="About FINRA" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/135106">About FINRA</a> </li> <li class="nav-item menu-item--collapsed"> <a href="/careers" class="nav-link" aria-labelledby="Careers" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/135166">Careers</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://brokercheck.finra.org" class="nav-link" aria-labelledby="BrokerCheck">BrokerCheck</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="/finra-data" class="nav-link" aria-labelledby="Data" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/180426">Data</a> </li> <li class="nav-item menu-item--collapsed"> <a href="/media-center" class="nav-link" aria-labelledby="Media Center" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/340671">Media Center</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="/member-firm-hub" class="nav-link" aria-labelledby="For Firms" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/342121">For Firms</a> </li> </ul> </nav> </section> <section class="region region-top-header-form"> <div id="block-finra-bootstrap-sass-loginoverlaynewhomepage-2" data-block-plugin-id="block_content:5f737dd3-a3ee-4d2a-b891-e115158ec6d9" class="block block-block-content block-block-content5f737dd3-a3ee-4d2a-b891-e115158ec6d9"> <div class="content"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><div class="test" aria-controls="loginCollapse" aria-expanded="false" data-toggle="collapse" href="#loginCollapse" id="login-icon" role="button"><p><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M304 128a80 80 0 1 0 -160 0 80 80 0 1 0 160 0zM96 128a128 128 0 1 1 256 0A128 128 0 1 1 96 128zM49.3 464H398.7c-8.9-63.3-63.3-112-129-112H178.3c-65.7 0-120.1 48.7-129 112zM0 482.3C0 383.8 79.8 304 178.3 304h91.4C368.2 304 448 383.8 448 482.3c0 16.4-13.3 29.7-29.7 29.7H29.7C13.3 512 0 498.7 0 482.3z"></path></svg></p></div><div class="collapse" id="loginCollapse"><div class="login-responsive">聽</div><div class="login-row" layout="row"><div class="login-col" layout="col"><p class="login-subtitle"><span>For the Public</span></p><p class="login-title"><a href="https://ews.finra.org/auth/logon?realm=ews&goto=https%3A//gateway.finra.org/app/data%3FrcpRedirNum%3D1">FINRA DATA</a></p><p class="login-desc">FINRA Data provides non-commercial use of data, specifically the ability to save data views and create and manage a Bond Watchlist.</p><div class="login-btn" style="padding:5px 0px 14px 0px;"><a href="https://ews.finra.org/auth/logon?realm=ews&goto=https%3A//gateway.finra.org/app/data%3FrcpRedirNum%3D1"><span>Login</span></a></div></div><div class="login-col" layout="col"><p class="login-subtitle"><span>For Industry Professionals</span></p><p class="login-title"><a href="https://finpro.finra.org/">FINPRO</a></p><p class="login-desc">Registered representatives can fulfill Continuing Education requirements, view their industry CRD record and perform other compliance tasks.</p><div class="login-btn" style="padding:5px 0px 14px 0px;"><a href="https://finpro.finra.org/"><span>Login</span></a></div></div><div class="login-col" layout="col"><p class="login-subtitle"><span>For Member Firms</span></p><p class="login-title"><a href="https://gateway.finra.org/">FINRA GATEWAY</a></p><p class="login-desc">Firm compliance professionals can access filings and requests, run reports and submit support tickets.</p><div class="login-btn" style="padding:5px 0px 14px 0px;"><a href="https://gateway.finra.org/"><span>Login</span></a></div></div><div class="login-col" layout="col"><p class="login-subtitle"><span>For Case Participants</span></p><p class="login-title"><a href="https://drportal.finra.org/">DR PORTAL</a></p><p class="login-desc">Arbitration and mediation case participants and FINRA neutrals can view case information and submit documents through this Dispute Resolution Portal.</p><div class="login-btn" style="padding:5px 0px 14px 0px;"><a href="https://drportal.finra.org/"><span>Login</span></a></div></div></div><div class="login-fourth"><p class="need-help" style="font-size:16px;"><a href="https://tools.finra.org/cc_support/">Need Help?</a> | <a href="/systems-status/">Check System Status</a></p><p class="other-systems" style="font-size:16px;"><a href="/filing-reporting/entitlement/systems">Log In to other FINRA systems</a></p></div></div></div> </div> </div> </section> </div> <div class="search-icon-custom"> <div class="wrapper_search"> <input class="custom-landing-search" maxlength="60" type="text" name='search_api_fulltext' placeholder="Search"/> <button><i class="far fa-search" aria-hidden="true" style="color: #0082D1"></i></button> </div> </div> </div> </div> <button class="navbar-toggler navbar-toggler-right" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#CollapsingNavbar" aria-controls="CollapsingNavbar" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon-mobile"></span> </button> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="finra-container region-primary-title"> <div class="row"> <div class="col"> <section class="offset-lg-3 region region-primary-title"> </section> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div id="main-wrapper" class="layout-main-wrapper clearfix"> <div id="main" class="container-fluid finra-container"> <section class="row"> <div class="col-lg-7 specific-crumbs region region-breadcrumb"> <div id="block-finra-bootstrap-sass-breadcrumbs" data-block-plugin-id="system_breadcrumb_block" class="breadcrumbs__container"> <nav role="navigation" aria-label="breadcrumb" style=""> <ol class="breadcrumb"> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a href="/investors">For Investors</a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a href="/investors/protect-your-money">Protect Your Money</a> </li> </ol> </nav> </div> </div> </section> <div class="row row-offcanvas row-offcanvas-left clearfix"> <div class="sidebar col-lg-3 finra-sidebar-first menu-top" id="sidebar_first"> <aside class="section menu-sticky" role="complementary"> <div class="layout--left-nav"> <div onclick="this.classList.toggle('active')" class="d-sm-block d-lg-none left-nav-toggle arrow-down" data-toggle="collapse" data-target=".layout-collapse"> EXPLORE THIS SECTION </div> <div class="left-nav-collapse collapse layout-collapse"> <nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-finramainnavigation-2-menu" id="block-finramainnavigation-2" data-block-plugin-id="system_menu_block:finra-main-navigation" class="block block-menu navigation menu--finra-main-navigation"> <h2 class="sr-only visually-hidden" id="block-finramainnavigation-2-menu">FINRA Main Navigation</h2> <ul id="block-finramainnavigation-2" class="clearfix nav navbar-nav"> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="/investors/insights" class="nav-link" aria-labelledby="Investor Insights" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/137001">Investor Insights</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="/investors/tools-and-calculators" class="nav-link" aria-labelledby="Tools & Calculators" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/84404">Tools & Calculators</a> </li> <li class="nav-item menu-item--expanded"> <div class="expando collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#personal-finance-submenu"></div> <a href="/investors/personal-finance" class="nav-link adjust-for-expando" aria-labelledby="Personal Finance" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/84343">Personal Finance</a> <ul class="menu collapse " id="personal-finance-submenu"> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="/investors/personal-finance/know-your-net-worth" class="nav-link" aria-labelledby="Net Worth" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/10430">Net Worth</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="/investors/personal-finance/control-spending-calculate-cash-flow" class="nav-link" aria-labelledby="Spending" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/10422">Spending</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="/investors/personal-finance/manage-your-debt" class="nav-link" aria-labelledby="Debt" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/10432">Debt</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="/investors/personal-finance/how-your-credit-score-impacts-your-financial-future" class="nav-link" aria-labelledby="Credit Scores" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/10431">Credit Scores</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="/investors/personal-finance/start-emergency-fund" class="nav-link" aria-labelledby="Emergency Funds" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/10434">Emergency Funds</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="nav-item menu-item--expanded"> <div class="expando collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#investing-submenu"></div> <a href="/investors/investing" class="nav-link adjust-for-expando" aria-labelledby="Investing" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/330016">Investing</a> <ul class="menu collapse " id="investing-submenu"> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="/investors/investing/investing-basics" class="nav-link" aria-labelledby="Investing Basics" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/329526">Investing Basics</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="/investors/investing/investment-products" class="nav-link" aria-labelledby="Investment Products" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/332246">Investment Products</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="/investors/investing/investment-accounts" class="nav-link" aria-labelledby="Investment Accounts" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/334661">Investment Accounts</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="/investors/investing/working-with-investment-professional" class="nav-link" aria-labelledby="Working With an Investment Professional" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/340566">Working With an Investment Professional</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="nav-item menu-item--expanded menu-item--active-trail"> <div class="expando" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#protect-your-money-submenu"></div> <a href="/investors/protect-your-money" class="nav-link active adjust-for-expando" aria-labelledby="Protect Your Money" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/136996">Protect Your Money</a> <ul class="menu collapse show" id="protect-your-money-submenu"> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="/investors/protect-your-money/ask-and-check" class="nav-link" aria-labelledby="Ask and Check" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/10735">Ask and Check</a> </li> <li class="nav-item menu-item--active-trail"> <a href="/investors/protect-your-money/avoid-fraud" class="nav-link active is-active" aria-labelledby="Avoid Fraud" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/9541">Avoid Fraud</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="/investors/protect-your-money/protect-your-identity" class="nav-link" aria-labelledby="Protect Your Identity" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2620">Protect Your Identity</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="/investors/military" class="nav-link" aria-labelledby="For the Military" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/178026">For the Military</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="/investors/need-help" class="nav-link" aria-labelledby="Need Help?" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/201146">Need Help?</a> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> </aside> </div> <main class="main-content col" id="content" role="main"> <section class="section"> <a id="main-content" tabindex="-1"></a> <div id="block-finra-bootstrap-sass-system-main" data-block-plugin-id="system_main_block" class="block block-system block-system-main-block"> <div class="content"> <article class="node node--type-article node--view-mode-full clearfix"> <div> <div class="layout layout--twocol-bricks"> <div class="row"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--top col-md-12"> <div class="block-region-top"><div data-block-plugin-id="entity_field:node:title" class="block block-ctools-block block-entity-fieldnodetitle"> <div class="content"> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden"><h1>Avoid Fraud</h1></span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="finra-container"> <div class="row"> </div> </div> <div class="finra-container"> <div class="row"> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--middle col-md-12"> <div class="block-region-middle"><div data-block-plugin-id="entity_field:node:body" class="block block-ctools-block block-entity-fieldnodebody"> <div class="content"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Even if you have never been subjected to an investment fraudster鈥檚 sales pitch, you probably know someone who has. Following the legendary Willie Sutton principle, fraudsters tend to go "where the money is"鈥攁nd that means targeting older Americans who are nearing or already in retirement.</p><p>Financial fraudsters tend to go after people who are college-educated, optimistic and self-reliant. They also target those with higher incomes and financial knowledge, and have had a recent health or financial change. If you believe you've been defrauded or treated unfairly by a securities professional or firm, <a href="/investors/have-a-problem/file-complaint">file a complaint</a>. If you suspect that someone you know has been taken in by a scam, <a href="/contact-finra/file-tip">send a tip</a>.</p><p>To entice you to invest, fraudsters use high pressure and a number of "tricks of the trade." Here are some common tactics:</p><ul><li><strong>The "Phantom Riches" Tactic</strong>鈥攄angling the prospect of wealth, enticing you with something you want but can't have. "These gas wells are guaranteed to produce $6,800 a month in income."</li><li><strong>The "Source Credibility" Tactic</strong>鈥攖rying to build credibility by claiming to be with a reputable firm or to have a special credential or experience. "Believe me, as a senior vice president of XYZ Firm, I would never sell an investment that doesn't produce."</li><li><strong>The "Social Consensus" Tactic</strong>鈥攍eading you to believe that other savvy investors have already invested. "This is how ___ got his start. I know it's a lot of money, but I'm in鈥攁nd so is my mom and half her church鈥攁nd it's worth every dime."</li><li><strong>The "Reciprocity" Tactic</strong>鈥攐ffering to do a small favor for you in return for a big favor. "I'll give you a break on my commission if you buy now鈥攈alf off."</li><li><strong>The "Scarcity" Tactic</strong>鈥攃reating a false sense of urgency by claiming limited supply. "There are only two units left, so I'd sign today if I were you."</li></ul><p>Protect yourself with these strategies:</p><ul><li><strong>End the conversation.</strong> Practice saying "No." Simply say, "I'm sorry, I'm not interested. Thank you." Let them know you'll think about it and get back to them. Have an exit strategy so you can leave the conversation if the pressure rises.</li><li><strong>Turn the tables and ask questions.</strong> Before you give out information about yourself, <a href="/investors/protect-your-money/ask-and-check" target="_blank">ask and check</a>.</li><li><strong>Talk to someone before investing.</strong> Be extremely skeptical if the salesperson says, "Don't tell anyone else about this special deal!" A legitimate professional will not ask you to keep secrets. Even if the seller and the investment are registered, discuss your decision first with a family member, investment professional, lawyer or accountant.</li><li><strong>Take your name off solicitation lists.</strong> To reduce the number of sales pitches you receive, use the Federal Trade Commission鈥檚 <a href="https://www.donotcall.gov/">National Do Not Call Registry</a>.</li></ul><p>FINRA offers an array of information and resources to help you outsmart investment fraud.</p><ol><li><a href="/investors/red-flags-fraud"><strong>Red Flags of Fraud</strong></a><br />Knowing the important warning signs of financial fraud puts you in charge.</li><li><a href="/investors/protect-your-money/ask-and-check" target="_blank"><strong>Ask and Check</strong></a><br />Ask the right questions and verify the answers before you work with an investment professional or buy an investment product.</li><li><a href="/investors/insights"><strong>Investor聽Insights</strong></a><br />Don鈥檛 be taken in by these frauds and scams. Learn how to protect yourself and your money.</li></ol><h2>More</h2><ul><li><a href="/rules-guidance/enforcement/faq">The Important Role Customers Play in Assisting FINRA in Investigations</a><br />When contacted by FINRA, please speak with us鈥攚ith your help, we may be able to pursue disciplinary action against a firm or broker; and if you have a concern about a broker or brokerage firm, please reach out to us directly.</li><li><a href="https://tools.finra.org/risk_meter/">Risk Meter</a><br />Use our Risk Meter to see whether you share characteristics and behavior traits that have been shown to make some investors vulnerable to investment fraud.</li><li><a href="https://tools.finra.org/scam_meter/">Scam Meter</a><br />In just four questions our Scam Meter will help you tell if an investment you are thinking about might be a scam.</li></ul></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="finra-container"> <div class="row"> </div> </div> <div class="finra-container"> <div class="row"> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--bottom col-md-12"> <div class="block-region-bottom"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> </section> </main> <div class="sidebar col-lg-2 finra-sidebar-second"> <aside class="section" role="complementary"> <section class="layout--right-nav region region-sidebar-second"> <div id="block-rightraillinksprotectyourmoneyinvestedrev2022" data-block-plugin-id="block_content:7bfc965f-92ba-463e-a567-4f11428184a2" class="block block-block-content block-block-content7bfc965f-92ba-463e-a567-4f11428184a2"> <div class="content"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><h2>TOOLS & CALCULATORS</h2> <p><a href="https://brokercheck.finra.org/">BrokerCheck</a></p> <hr /><p><a href="https://tools.finra.org/scam_meter">Scam Meter</a></p> <hr /><p><a href="/investors/professional-designations">Investment Professional Designations</a></p> <hr /><p><a href="/investors/investing/investing-basics/smart-investing-courses">Smart Investing Courses</a></p> <p class="more-link" style="padding-top:0.5em;"><a href="/investors/tools-and-calculators" target="_blank">View All</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </section> </aside> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id = "article-columns" class="adjustable-columns"> <div class="full-width finra-container"> <section class="row region region-full-width"> <div class="views-element-container block block-views block-views-blockalert-investor-insights-block-5" id="block-views-block-alert-investor-insights-block-5" data-block-plugin-id="views_block:alert_investor_insights-block_5"> <div class="content"> <div><div class="view view-alert-investor-insights view-id-alert_investor_insights view-display-id-block_5 js-view-dom-id-564aec01b978bc93a6edae4fc62ff3a144679b91f1dceebc333406ea8a59da4b"> <div class="view-content"> <div class="slider-recommended__wrapper newsroom-slider__wrapper view-slider slider-recommended__3"> <div class="slider-recommended__arrows container"> <div class="slider-recommended__previous">Recent Investor Insights</div> <div class="slider-recommended__next"></div> </div> <div class="js-slider-recommended slider-recommended container"> <div class="slide-recommended"> <div class="slide-recommended__image_wrapper"> <div class="slide-recommended__image"> <div data-b-token="b-2615867f06b" class="media media--blazy media--image is-b-loading"><img alt="Resources for Senior Investors" decoding="async" class="media__element b-lazy" loading="lazy" data-src="/sites/default/files/2024-11/iStock-1887469204-860x406.jpg" src="data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D'https%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg'%20viewBox%3D'0%200%201%201'%2F%3E" width="860" height="406" /> </div> </div> </div> <div class="slide-recommended__content"> <h4 class="slide-recommended__title"><a href="/investors/insights/three-resources-for-senior-investors" hreflang="en">Three Resources for Senior Investors</a></h4> <div class="slide-recommended__timestamp"><time datetime="2024-11-29T12:00:00Z" class="datetime">November 29, 2024</time> </div> </div> </div> <div class="slide-recommended"> <div class="slide-recommended__image_wrapper"> <div class="slide-recommended__image"> <div data-b-token="b-4e447952f54" class="media media--blazy media--image is-b-loading"><img alt="investor" decoding="async" class="media__element b-lazy" loading="lazy" data-src="/sites/default/files/2022-06/investor-insight-640x302.jpg" src="data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D'https%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg'%20viewBox%3D'0%200%201%201'%2F%3E" width="640" height="302" /> </div> </div> </div> <div class="slide-recommended__content"> <h4 class="slide-recommended__title"><a href="/investors/insights/tips-turbulent-market" hreflang="und">Investor Tips for Turbulent Markets</a></h4> <div class="slide-recommended__timestamp"><time datetime="2024-11-26T12:00:00Z" class="datetime">November 26, 2024</time> </div> </div> </div> <div class="slide-recommended"> <div class="slide-recommended__image_wrapper"> <div class="slide-recommended__image"> <div data-b-token="b-9f13b147696" class="media media--blazy media--image is-b-loading"><img alt="Guardrails for Market Volatility" decoding="async" class="media__element b-lazy" loading="lazy" data-src="/sites/default/files/2024-11/iStock-1195455865-640.jpg" src="data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D'https%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg'%20viewBox%3D'0%200%201%201'%2F%3E" width="1254" height="598" /> </div> </div> </div> <div class="slide-recommended__content"> <h4 class="slide-recommended__title"><a href="/investors/insights/guardrails-market-volatility" hreflang="und">Guardrails for Market Volatility</a></h4> <div class="slide-recommended__timestamp"><time datetime="2024-11-26T12:00:00Z" class="datetime">November 26, 2024</time> </div> </div> </div> <div class="slide-recommended"> <div class="slide-recommended__image_wrapper"> <div class="slide-recommended__image"> <div data-b-token="b-e6e8fd6753d" class="media media--blazy media--image is-b-loading"><img alt="Are You Checking Your Trade Confirmations?" decoding="async" class="media__element b-lazy" loading="lazy" data-src="/sites/default/files/2024-11/iStock-1397496424-640.jpg" src="data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D'https%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg'%20viewBox%3D'0%200%201%201'%2F%3E" width="1254" height="598" /> </div> </div> </div> <div class="slide-recommended__content"> <h4 class="slide-recommended__title"><a href="/investors/insights/checking-trade-confirmations" hreflang="en">Are You Checking Your Trade Confirmations?</a></h4> <div class="slide-recommended__timestamp"><time datetime="2024-11-21T12:00:00Z" class="datetime">November 21, 2024</time> </div> </div> </div> <div class="slide-recommended"> <div class="slide-recommended__image_wrapper"> <div class="slide-recommended__image"> <div data-b-token="b-d4904f80b1f" class="media media--blazy media--image is-b-loading"><img alt="How Mergers and Acquisitions Impact Investors" decoding="async" class="media__element b-lazy" loading="lazy" data-src="/sites/default/files/2024-11/shutterstock_271906976-640.jpg" src="data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D'https%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg'%20viewBox%3D'0%200%201%201'%2F%3E" width="1000" height="471" /> </div> </div> </div> <div class="slide-recommended__content"> <h4 class="slide-recommended__title"><a href="/investors/insights/how-mergers-acquisitions-impact-investors" hreflang="en">How Mergers and Acquisitions Impact Investors</a></h4> <div class="slide-recommended__timestamp"><time datetime="2024-11-15T12:00:00Z" class="datetime">November 15, 2024</time> </div> </div> </div> <div class="slide-recommended newsroom-slide__see-more"> <div class="slide-recommended__noimage"> <svg id="slide-recommended__mask"> <defs> <clipPath id="clip-square"> <polygon points="0 0, 360 0, 360 252, 285 252, 285 187, 0 187" /> </clipPath> </defs> </svg> </div> <div class="slide-recommended__content"> <div class="more-link"><a href="/investors/insights">View All</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </div> <footer id="FINRA_footer" class="site-footer"> <div class="container-fluid"> <section class="region region-footer-highlight"> <div id="block-footerhighlight" data-block-plugin-id="block_content:13129ca4-9a12-445a-8240-396c465d4de4" class="block block-block-content block-block-content13129ca4-9a12-445a-8240-396c465d4de4"> <div class="content"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><div class="footer-highlight-content--wrapper"><div class="highlight-text"><p class="arbitration-title">ARBITRATION & MEDIATION</p><p class="arbitration-desc">FINRA operates the largest securities dispute resolution forum in the United States</p></div><div class="learn-more-btn"><a class="footer-link" href="/arbitration-mediation"><span>Learn More</span></a></div></div></div> </div> </div> </section> <div class="finra-footer--brand"> <section class="region region-footer-brand"> <a href="/" title="Home" rel="home" class="navbar-brand"> <img src="/themes/custom/finra_bootstrap_sass/images/FINRA_Logo.svg" alt="Home"> </a> </section> </div> <div class="finra-footer--menus-wrapper"> <div class="finra-footer--menus"> <div class="finra-footer-links"> <section class=" -4 region region-footer-first"> <nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-finrautilitymenu-2-menu" id="block-finrautilitymenu-2" data-block-plugin-id="system_menu_block:finra-utility-menu" class="block block-menu navigation menu--finra-utility-menu"> <h2 class="sr-only visually-hidden" id="block-finrautilitymenu-2-menu">FINRA Utility Menu</h2> <ul id="block-finrautilitymenu-2" class="clearfix nav navbar-nav"> <li class="nav-item menu-item--collapsed"> <a href="/about" class="nav-link" aria-labelledby="About FINRA" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/135106">About FINRA</a> </li> <li class="nav-item menu-item--collapsed"> <a href="/careers" class="nav-link" aria-labelledby="Careers" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/135166">Careers</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://brokercheck.finra.org" class="nav-link" aria-labelledby="BrokerCheck">BrokerCheck</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="/finra-data" class="nav-link" aria-labelledby="Data" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/180426">Data</a> </li> <li class="nav-item menu-item--collapsed"> <a href="/media-center" class="nav-link" aria-labelledby="Media Center" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/340671">Media Center</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="/member-firm-hub" class="nav-link" aria-labelledby="For Firms" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/342121">For Firms</a> </li> </ul> </nav> <nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-finramainnavigation-3-menu" id="block-finramainnavigation-3" data-block-plugin-id="system_menu_block:finra-main-navigation" class="block block-menu navigation menu--finra-main-navigation"> <h2 class="sr-only visually-hidden" id="block-finramainnavigation-3-menu">FINRA Main Navigation</h2> <ul id="block-finramainnavigation-3" class="clearfix nav navbar-nav"> <li class="nav-item menu-item--collapsed"> <a href="/rules-guidance" class="nav-link" aria-labelledby="Rules & Guidance" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/105256">Rules & Guidance</a> </li> <li class="nav-item menu-item--collapsed"> <a href="/registration-exams-ce" class="nav-link" aria-labelledby="Registration, Exams & CE" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/126826">Registration, Exams & CE</a> </li> <li class="nav-item menu-item--collapsed"> <a href="/events-training" class="nav-link" aria-labelledby="Events & Training" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/105306">Events & Training</a> </li> <li class="nav-item menu-item--collapsed"> <a href="/filing-reporting" class="nav-link" aria-labelledby="Filing & Reporting" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/135036">Filing & Reporting</a> </li> <li class="nav-item menu-item--collapsed"> <a href="/compliance-tools" class="nav-link" aria-labelledby="Compliance Tools" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/136611">Compliance Tools</a> </li> <li class="nav-item menu-item--collapsed menu-item--active-trail"> <a href="/investors" class="nav-link active" aria-labelledby="For Investors" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/126766">For Investors</a> </li> </ul> </nav> </section> </div> <div class="finra-footer--contacts-menus"> <div class="region region-footer-second"> <section class="-lg-5 -md-12 -sm-12 region region-footer-second"> <div id="block-footercontacts1" data-block-plugin-id="block_content:c0b288c4-fa43-4f28-869e-1e7dbba541f9" class="block block-block-content block-block-contentc0b288c4-fa43-4f28-869e-1e7dbba541f9"> <div class="content"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><div class="contact-item"><p><a class="footer-link" href="/contact-finra/">General Inquiries</a></p><p><span>301-590-6500</span></p></div><div class="contact-item"><p><a class="footer-link" href="/investors/have-a-problem/helpline-seniors">Securities Helpline for Seniors<sup>庐</sup></a></p><p><span>844-574-3577 (Mon-Fri 9am-5pm ET)</span></p></div><div class="contact-item"><p><a class="footer-link" href="/contact-finra/file-tip">File a Regulatory Tip</a></p><p><span>To report on abuse or fraud in the industry</span></p></div></div> </div> </div> </section> </div> <div class="region region-footer-third"> <section class="-lg-5 -md-12 -sm-12 region region-footer-third"> <div id="block-footercontacts2" data-block-plugin-id="block_content:0d011e02-69eb-47fd-994a-587fbeb7b81e" class="block block-block-content block-block-content0d011e02-69eb-47fd-994a-587fbeb7b81e"> <div class="content"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><div class="contact-item"><p><a class="footer-link" href="/investors/need-help/file-a-complaint">File an Investor Complaint</a></p><p><span>File a complaint about fraud or unfair practices.</span></p></div><div class="contact-item"><p><a class="footer-link" href="/compliance-tools/finra-small-firm-helpline">Small Firm Help Line</a></p><p><span>833-26-FINRA (Mon-Fri 9am-6pm ET)</span></p></div><div class="contact-item"><p><a class="footer-link" href="/about/office-ombuds">Office of the Ombuds</a></p><p><span>Report a concern about FINRA at 888-700-0028</span></p></div></div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="col-lg-5 order-lg-12 order-md-1 order-sm region region-footer-sixth"> <div id="block-finrasociallinks" data-block-plugin-id="block_content:79395185-afca-4832-b562-50b574a57497" class="block block-block-content block-block-content79395185-afca-4832-b562-50b574a57497"> <div class="content"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><div> <p> <a href="https://www.twitter.com/finra" aria-label="X"><span class="fontawesome-icon-inline"><span class="twitter-x-icon"></span></span></a> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/finra/" aria-label="linkedin"><span alt="LinkedIn" class="fontawesome-icon-inline"><span class="fa-2x fa-linkedin fab"></span></span></a> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/FinancialIndustryRegulatoryAuthority/" aria-label="facebook"><span alt="Facebook" class="fontawesome-icon-inline"><span class="fa-2x fa-facebook fab"></span></span></a> <a href="https://www.instagram.com/_finra" aria-label="Instagram"><span class="fontawesome-icon-inline"><span class="fa-2x fab fa-instagram"></span></span></a> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/@finra" aria-label="YouTube"><span class="fontawesome-icon-inline"><span class="fa-2x fa-youtube fab"></span></span></a> </p> </div></div> </div> </div> </section> </div> <div class="region region-footer-fifth"> <div id="block-finrasociallinks1"> <section class="col-lg-5 order-lg-12 order-md-1 order-sm region region-footer-sixth"> <div id="block-finrasociallinks" data-block-plugin-id="block_content:79395185-afca-4832-b562-50b574a57497" class="block block-block-content block-block-content79395185-afca-4832-b562-50b574a57497"> <div class="content"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><div> <p> <a href="https://www.twitter.com/finra" aria-label="X"><span class="fontawesome-icon-inline"><span class="twitter-x-icon"></span></span></a> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/finra/" aria-label="linkedin"><span alt="LinkedIn" class="fontawesome-icon-inline"><span class="fa-2x fa-linkedin fab"></span></span></a> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/FinancialIndustryRegulatoryAuthority/" aria-label="facebook"><span alt="Facebook" class="fontawesome-icon-inline"><span class="fa-2x fa-facebook fab"></span></span></a> <a href="https://www.instagram.com/_finra" aria-label="Instagram"><span class="fontawesome-icon-inline"><span class="fa-2x fab fa-instagram"></span></span></a> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/@finra" aria-label="YouTube"><span class="fontawesome-icon-inline"><span class="fa-2x fa-youtube fab"></span></span></a> </p> </div></div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="finra-footer--trademarks"> <section class="-lg-7 order-lg-1 order-md-12 order-sm region region-footer-seventh"> <nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-footerlegallinks-menu" id="block-footerlegallinks" data-block-plugin-id="system_menu_block:footer-legal-links" class="block block-menu navigation menu--footer-legal-links"> <h2 class="sr-only visually-hidden" id="block-footerlegallinks-menu">Footer Legal Links</h2> <ul id="block-footerlegallinks" class="clearfix nav navbar-nav"> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="/site-map" class="nav-link" aria-labelledby="Site Map" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/139246">Site Map</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="/privacy-policy" class="nav-link" aria-labelledby="Privacy Policy" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/135876">Privacy Policy</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="/terms-of-use" class="nav-link" aria-labelledby="Terms of Use" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/139951">Terms of Use</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="/translate" class="nav-link" aria-labelledby="Translate" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/343381">Translate</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="/contact-finra" class="nav-link" aria-labelledby="Contact Us" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/135416">Contact Us</a> </li> </ul> </nav> <div id="block-finracopyright" data-block-plugin-id="block_content:150cdc5c-6b33-477b-95ac-565605bddbb3" class="block block-block-content block-block-content150cdc5c-6b33-477b-95ac-565605bddbb3"> <div class="content"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p class="all-rights-reserved">漏 2024 FINRA. All Rights Reserved.</p><p class="trademark">FINRA is a Registered Trademark of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, INC.</p></div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </div> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <script type="application/json" data-drupal-selector="drupal-settings-json">{"path":{"baseUrl":"\/","scriptPath":null,"pathPrefix":"","currentPath":"node\/9541","currentPathIsAdmin":false,"isFront":false,"currentLanguage":"en"},"pluralDelimiter":"\u0003","suppressDeprecationErrors":true,"ajaxPageState":{"libraries":"addtoany\/addtoany.front,blazy\/bio.ajax,blazy\/blazy,blazy\/classlist,blazy\/load,blazy\/polyfill,blazy\/promise,blazy\/raf,blazy\/webp,bootstrap_barrio\/breadcrumb,bootstrap_barrio\/gesta_opensans,bootstrap_barrio\/global-styling,finra_bootstrap_sass\/app-dynamic-reporting,finra_bootstrap_sass\/cookie-classification,finra_bootstrap_sass\/gesta,finra_bootstrap_sass\/global-styling,finra_bootstrap_sass\/glossaryViews,finra_bootstrap_sass\/opensans,finra_bootstrap_sass\/recommendedSlider,fontawesome\/fontawesome.webfonts,fontawesome\/fontawesome.webfonts.shim,superfish\/superfish,superfish\/superfish_hoverintent,superfish\/superfish_supersubs,superfish\/superfish_supposition,system\/base,views\/views.ajax,views\/views.module","theme":"finra_bootstrap_sass","theme_token":null},"ajaxTrustedUrl":[],"superfish":{"superfish-finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new":{"id":"superfish-finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new","sf":{"animation":{"opacity":"show","height":"show"},"speed":"slow","autoArrows":false},"plugins":{"supposition":true,"supersubs":{"minWidth":15,"maxWidth":20}}}},"elasticSearch":{"url":"https:\/\/searchapi.dev.finra.org\/search"},"views":{"ajax_path":"\/views\/ajax","ajaxViews":{"views_dom_id:564aec01b978bc93a6edae4fc62ff3a144679b91f1dceebc333406ea8a59da4b":{"view_name":"alert_investor_insights","view_display_id":"block_5","view_args":"","view_path":"\/node\/9541","view_base_path":null,"view_dom_id":"564aec01b978bc93a6edae4fc62ff3a144679b91f1dceebc333406ea8a59da4b","pager_element":0}}},"alert_investor_insights":{"slides":3,"dots":false,"infinite":false},"blazy":{"loadInvisible":false,"offset":100,"saveViewportOffsetDelay":50,"validateDelay":25,"loader":true,"unblazy":false,"visibleClass":false},"blazyIo":{"disconnect":false,"rootMargin":"0px","threshold":[0,0.25,0.5,0.75,1]},"ajax":[],"user":{"uid":0,"permissionsHash":"ef4ef46b952a8b96490e7d7d475bd2d7a84872de21be94cdc109b583b7dab4d9"}}</script> <script src="/modules/contrib/blazy/js/polyfill/blazy.polyfill.min.js?snddqv"></script> <script src="/core/assets/vendor/jquery/jquery.min.js?v=3.7.0"></script> <script src="/modules/contrib/blazy/js/polyfill/blazy.classlist.min.js?snddqv"></script> <script src="/modules/contrib/blazy/js/polyfill/blazy.promise.min.js?snddqv"></script> <script src="/modules/contrib/blazy/js/polyfill/blazy.raf.min.js?snddqv"></script> <script src="/core/assets/vendor/once/once.min.js?v=1.0.1"></script> <script src="/core/misc/drupalSettingsLoader.js?v=10.1.8"></script> <script src="/core/misc/drupal.js?v=10.1.8"></script> <script src="/core/misc/drupal.init.js?v=10.1.8"></script> <script src="/core/misc/debounce.js?v=10.1.8"></script> <script src="/core/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/version-min.js?v=10.1.8"></script> <script src="/core/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/data-min.js?v=10.1.8"></script> <script src="/core/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/disable-selection-min.js?v=10.1.8"></script> <script src="/core/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/form-min.js?v=10.1.8"></script> <script src="/core/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/jquery-patch-min.js?v=10.1.8"></script> <script src="/core/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/scroll-parent-min.js?v=10.1.8"></script> <script src="/core/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/unique-id-min.js?v=10.1.8"></script> <script src="/core/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/focusable-min.js?v=10.1.8"></script> <script src="/core/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/ie-min.js?v=10.1.8"></script> <script src="/core/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/keycode-min.js?v=10.1.8"></script> <script src="/core/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/plugin-min.js?v=10.1.8"></script> <script src="/core/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/safe-active-element-min.js?v=10.1.8"></script> <script src="/core/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/safe-blur-min.js?v=10.1.8"></script> <script src="/core/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/widget-min.js?v=10.1.8"></script> <script src="/core/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/labels-min.js?v=10.1.8"></script> <script src="/core/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/widgets/controlgroup-min.js?v=10.1.8"></script> <script src="/core/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/form-reset-mixin-min.js?v=10.1.8"></script> <script src="/core/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/widgets/mouse-min.js?v=10.1.8"></script> <script src="/core/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/widgets/checkboxradio-min.js?v=10.1.8"></script> <script src="/core/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/widgets/draggable-min.js?v=10.1.8"></script> <script src="/core/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/widgets/resizable-min.js?v=10.1.8"></script> <script src="/core/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/widgets/button-min.js?v=10.1.8"></script> <script src="/core/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/widgets/dialog-min.js?v=10.1.8"></script> <script src="/modules/contrib/blazy/js/dblazy.min.js?snddqv"></script> <script src="/modules/contrib/blazy/js/plugin/blazy.once.min.js?snddqv"></script> <script src="/modules/contrib/blazy/js/plugin/blazy.sanitizer.min.js?snddqv"></script> <script src="/modules/contrib/blazy/js/plugin/blazy.dom.min.js?snddqv"></script> <script src="/modules/contrib/blazy/js/base/blazy.base.min.js?snddqv"></script> <script src="/modules/contrib/blazy/js/plugin/blazy.dataset.min.js?snddqv"></script> <script src="/modules/contrib/blazy/js/plugin/blazy.viewport.min.js?snddqv"></script> <script src="/modules/contrib/blazy/js/plugin/blazy.xlazy.min.js?snddqv"></script> <script src="/modules/contrib/blazy/js/plugin/blazy.observer.min.js?snddqv"></script> <script src="/modules/contrib/blazy/js/plugin/blazy.loading.min.js?snddqv"></script> <script src="/modules/contrib/blazy/js/polyfill/blazy.webp.min.js?snddqv"></script> <script src="/modules/contrib/blazy/js/base/blazy.min.js?snddqv"></script> <script src="/modules/contrib/blazy/js/base/io/bio.min.js?snddqv"></script> <script src="/modules/contrib/blazy/js/base/io/bio.media.min.js?snddqv"></script> <script src="/modules/contrib/blazy/js/base/blazy.drupal.min.js?snddqv"></script> <script src="/modules/contrib/blazy/js/blazy.load.min.js?snddqv"></script> <script src="/modules/contrib/blazy/js/blazy.compat.min.js?snddqv"></script> <script src="/core/assets/vendor/tabbable/index.umd.min.js?v=6.1.2"></script> <script src="/themes/custom/finra_bootstrap_sass/js/cookie-preferences.js?snddqv"></script> <script src="/themes/custom/finra_bootstrap_sass/js/cookie-banner-config.js?snddqv"></script> <script src="https://static.addtoany.com/menu/page.js" async></script> <script src="/modules/contrib/addtoany/js/addtoany.js?v=10.1.8"></script> <script src="/core/misc/progress.js?v=10.1.8"></script> <script src="/core/assets/vendor/loadjs/loadjs.min.js?v=4.2.0"></script> <script src="/core/misc/announce.js?v=10.1.8"></script> <script src="/core/misc/message.js?v=10.1.8"></script> <script src="/core/misc/ajax.js?v=10.1.8"></script> <script src="/core/misc/displace.js?v=10.1.8"></script> <script src="/core/misc/jquery.tabbable.shim.js?v=10.1.8"></script> <script src="/core/misc/position.js?v=10.1.8"></script> <script src="/core/misc/dialog/dialog.js?v=10.1.8"></script> <script src="/core/misc/dialog/dialog.position.js?v=10.1.8"></script> <script src="/core/misc/dialog/dialog.jquery-ui.js?v=10.1.8"></script> <script src="/core/modules/ckeditor5/js/ckeditor5.dialog.fix.js?v=10.1.8"></script> <script src="/modules/custom/finra_cvent_block/js/cvent_widget_handler.js?snddqv"></script> <script src="/themes/custom/finra_bootstrap_sass/js/popper.min.js?snddqv"></script> <script src="/themes/custom/finra_bootstrap_sass/js/bootstrap-multiselect.js?snddqv"></script> <script src="/themes/custom/finra_bootstrap_sass/js/bootstrap.min.js?snddqv"></script> <script src="/themes/custom/finra_bootstrap_sass/js/global.js?snddqv"></script> <script src="/themes/custom/finra_bootstrap_sass/js/breadcrumb.js?snddqv"></script> <script src="/themes/custom/finra_bootstrap_sass/js/odometer.js?snddqv"></script> <script src="/themes/custom/finra_bootstrap_sass/js/transactionWidget.js?snddqv"></script> <script src="/themes/custom/finra_bootstrap_sass/js/finra-core-functions.js?snddqv"></script> <script src="/themes/custom/finra_bootstrap_sass/js/flag_change.js?snddqv"></script> <script src="/themes/custom/finra_bootstrap_sass/js/sidebar.js?snddqv"></script> <script src="/themes/custom/finra_bootstrap_sass/js/embed_whitespace.js?snddqv"></script> <script src="/themes/custom/finra_bootstrap_sass/node_modules/%40fortawesome/fontawesome-pro/js/all.min.js?snddqv"></script> <script src="/libraries/drupal-superfish/superfish.js?snddqv"></script> <script src="/libraries/drupal-superfish/jquery.hoverIntent.minified.js?snddqv"></script> <script src="/libraries/drupal-superfish/supposition.js?snddqv"></script> <script src="/libraries/drupal-superfish/supersubs.js?snddqv"></script> <script src="/modules/contrib/superfish/js/superfish.js?v=2.0"></script> <script src="https://ddwa-cdn-us-east-1.ddwa.finra.org/ctl-common/ctl-common.js"></script> <script src="https://ddwa-cdn-us-east-1.ddwa.finra.org/ctl-grid/ctl-grid.js"></script> <script src="https://ddwa-cdn-us-east-1.ddwa.finra.org/app-dynamic-reporting/app-dynamic-reporting.js"></script> <script src="https://ddwa-cdn-us-east-1.ddwa.finra.org/ctl-common/assets/icons/pro-light-svg-icons/faSearch.js"></script> <script src="/modules/contrib/blazy/js/base/io/bio.ajax.min.js?snddqv"></script> <script src="/core/assets/vendor/jquery-form/jquery.form.min.js?v=4.3.0"></script> <script src="/core/modules/views/js/base.js?v=10.1.8"></script> <script src="/core/modules/views/js/ajax_view.js?v=10.1.8"></script> <script src="/themes/custom/finra_bootstrap_sass/js/glossary-view.js?snddqv"></script> <script src="/themes/custom/finra_bootstrap_sass/js/slick.min.js?snddqv"></script> <script src="/themes/custom/finra_bootstrap_sass/js/recommendedSlider.js?snddqv"></script> <script type="text/javascript">window.NREUM||(NREUM={});NREUM.info={"beacon":"bam.nr-data.net","licenseKey":"d7b664b4b4","applicationID":"486102969","transactionName":"YF0DMkEAWRcAARddC1kXIAVHCFgKTiYRQRRWVD0IXAVSOCINDUAWWFQNA0E9eQsFBzVdAUB7DghHE1gIDQcRGVpBUQQR","queueTime":5,"applicationTime":1050,"atts":"TBoARAkaShk=","errorBeacon":"bam.nr-data.net","agent":""}</script><script>(function(){function c(){var b=a.contentDocument||a.contentWindow.document;if(b){var d=b.createElement('script');d.innerHTML="window.__CF$cv$params={r:'8ec4e41d090d9c59',t:'MTczMzI0MjkwMS4wMDAwMDA='};var a=document.createElement('script');a.nonce='';a.src='/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/scripts/jsd/main.js';document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(a);";b.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(d)}}if(document.body){var a=document.createElement('iframe');a.height=1;a.width=1;a.style.position='absolute';a.style.top=0;a.style.left=0;a.style.border='none';a.style.visibility='hidden';document.body.appendChild(a);if('loading'!==document.readyState)c();else if(window.addEventListener)document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded',c);else{var e=document.onreadystatechange||function(){};document.onreadystatechange=function(b){e(b);'loading'!==document.readyState&&(document.onreadystatechange=e,c())}}}})();</script></body> </html>