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mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Sa Huỳnh culture</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sa-Huynh-Kultur" title="Sa-Huynh-Kultur – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Sa-Huynh-Kultur" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultura_de_sa_hu%E1%BB%B3nh" title="Cultura de sa huỳnh – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cultura de sa huỳnh" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_de_Sa_Hu%E1%BB%B3nh" title="Culture de Sa Huỳnh – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Culture de Sa Huỳnh" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%82%AC%ED%9B%84%EC%9D%B8_%EB%AC%B8%ED%99%94" title="사후인 문화 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="사후인 문화" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kebudayaan_Sa_Huynh" title="Kebudayaan Sa Huynh – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kebudayaan Sa Huynh" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sa_Huin_kult%C5%ABra" title="Sa Huin kultūra – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Sa Huin kultūra" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budaya_Sa_Hu%E1%BB%B3nh" title="Budaya Sa Huỳnh – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Budaya Sa Huỳnh" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kultura_Sa_Hu%E1%BB%B3nh" title="Kultura Sa Huỳnh – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kultura Sa Huỳnh" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%8E%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Сахюинь – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сахюинь" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%8E%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Сахюїнь – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Сахюїнь" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C4%83n_h%C3%B3a_Sa_Hu%E1%BB%B3nh" title="Văn hóa Sa Huỳnh – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Văn hóa Sa Huỳnh" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E9%BB%84%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96" title="沙黄文化 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" 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data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="cdx-message cdx-message--block cdx-message--warning"><span class="cdx-message__icon"></span><div class="cdx-message__content">The printable version is no longer supported and may have rendering errors. 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a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="width: 20em;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of a series on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle">Prehistoric and ancient cultures of <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Paleolithic" title="Paleolithic">Paleolithic</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/S%C6%A1n_Vi_culture" title="Sơn Vi culture">Sơn Vi culture</a> (20,000–12,000 BC)</td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Mesolithic" title="Mesolithic">Mesolithic</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Hoabinhian" title="Hoabinhian">Hoabinhian</a> (12,000–10,000 BC)</td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Neolithic" title="Neolithic">Neolithic</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;"> <div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B%E1%BA%AFc_S%C6%A1n_culture" title="Bắc Sơn culture">Bắc Sơn culture</a> (10,000–8,000 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qu%E1%BB%B3nh_V%C4%83n_culture" title="Quỳnh Văn culture">Quỳnh Văn culture</a> (8,000–6,000 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%90a_B%C3%BAt_culture" title="Đa Bút culture">Đa Bút culture</a> (4,000–3,000 BC)</li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age" title="Bronze Age">Bronze Age</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;"> <div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ph%C3%B9ng_Nguy%C3%AAn_culture" title="Phùng Nguyên culture">Phùng Nguyên culture</a> (2,000–1,500 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%93ng_%C4%90%E1%BA%ADu_culture" title="Đồng Đậu culture">Đồng Đậu culture</a> (1,500–1,000 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B2_Mun_culture" title="Gò Mun culture">Gò Mun culture</a> (1,000–800 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dong_Son_culture" title="Dong Son culture">Dong Son culture</a> (1,000 BC–100 AD)</li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Iron_Age" title="Iron Age">Iron Age</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;"> <div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sa Huỳnh culture</a> (1,000 BC–200 AD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%93c_Eo" title="Óc Eo">Óc Eo culture</a> (1–630 AD)</li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Prehistoric_and_ancient_cultures_of_Vietnam_sidebar" title="Template:Prehistoric and ancient cultures of Vietnam sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Prehistoric_and_ancient_cultures_of_Vietnam_sidebar" title="Template talk:Prehistoric and ancient cultures of Vietnam sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Prehistoric_and_ancient_cultures_of_Vietnam_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Prehistoric and ancient cultures of Vietnam sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile vcard plainlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><div class="sidebar-pretitle" style="margin: -0.2em 0; font-size:69%; font-weight:normal;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Champa" title="Category:History of Champa">a series</a> on the</div></th> </tr><tr> <th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style=""><a href="/wiki/History_of_Champa" title="History of Champa">History of <span class="fn org label">Champa</span></a></th> </tr><tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.4em; border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Th%C3%A1p_H%C3%B2a_Lai,_Ninh_Thu%E1%BA%ADn.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Th%C3%A1p_H%C3%B2a_Lai%2C_Ninh_Thu%E1%BA%ADn.JPG/100px-Th%C3%A1p_H%C3%B2a_Lai%2C_Ninh_Thu%E1%BA%ADn.JPG" decoding="async" width="100" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Th%C3%A1p_H%C3%B2a_Lai%2C_Ninh_Thu%E1%BA%ADn.JPG/150px-Th%C3%A1p_H%C3%B2a_Lai%2C_Ninh_Thu%E1%BA%ADn.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Th%C3%A1p_H%C3%B2a_Lai%2C_Ninh_Thu%E1%BA%ADn.JPG/200px-Th%C3%A1p_H%C3%B2a_Lai%2C_Ninh_Thu%E1%BA%ADn.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color:#000000; background: #eeeeee; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Ancient period</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sa Huỳnh culture</a> 1000 BC–200 AD</li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%E1%BB%93_T%C3%B4n_Tinh" title="Hồ Tôn Tinh">Hồ Tôn Tinh</a> legendary</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rinan" title="Rinan">Chinese rule</a> 48 BC–192 AD</li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A2m_%E1%BA%A4p" title="Lâm Ấp">Lâm Ấp</a> 192–629</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quduqian" title="Quduqian">Quduqian</a> 3rd century AD</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xitu" title="Xitu">Xitu</a> 5th–6th century AD</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color:#000000; background: #eeeeee; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Medieval and early modern period</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li>Classical <a href="/wiki/Champa" title="Champa">Champa</a> <ul><li>(<a href="/wiki/Khmer%E2%80%93Cham_wars" title="Khmer–Cham wars">Khmer–Cham wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Cham%E2%80%93Vietnamese_wars" title="History of the Cham–Vietnamese wars">Cham–Vietnamese wars</a>)</li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color:#000000; background: #eeeeee; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Modern period</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Panduranga_(Champa)" title="Panduranga (Champa)">Panduranga (Champa)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Thu%E1%BA%ADn_Th%C3%A0nh" title="Principality of Thuận Thành">Principality of Thuận Thành</a></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Katip_Sumat_uprising" title="Katip Sumat uprising">Katip Sumat uprising</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ja_Thak_Wa_uprising" title="Ja Thak Wa uprising">Ja Thak Wa uprising</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Champa_(Ja_Thak_Wa)" title="Champa (Ja Thak Wa)">Champa resistance movement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Champa" title="Front for the Liberation of Champa">Front for the Liberation of Champa</a></li></ul></li> <li>Modern status <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Champa_independence_movement" title="Champa independence movement">Champa independence movement</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color:#000000; background: #eeeeee; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">By Topic</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_Champa" title="Art of Champa">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chams" title="Chams">Cham People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Champa" title="History of Champa">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_Champa" title="Military of Champa">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_of_Champa#List_of_kings_of_Champa" title="King of Champa">Monarchs</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.2em; border-top:#aaa 1px solid;"> <b><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Champa" title="Timeline of Champa">Timeline</a></b></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:History_of_Champa" title="Template:History of Champa"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:History_of_Champa" title="Template talk:History of Champa"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:History_of_Champa" title="Special:EditPage/Template:History of Champa"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Asia_200bc.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Asia_200bc.jpg/300px-Asia_200bc.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Asia_200bc.jpg/450px-Asia_200bc.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Asia_200bc.jpg/600px-Asia_200bc.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2037" data-file-height="1191" /></a><figcaption>Asia in 200 BC, showing Sa Huynh and their neighbors</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Sa Huỳnh culture</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was a culture in what is now central and southern <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a> that flourished between 1000 BC and 200 AD.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Archaeological sites from the culture have been discovered from the <a href="/wiki/Mekong_Delta" title="Mekong Delta">Mekong Delta</a> to <a href="/wiki/Qu%E1%BA%A3ng_B%C3%ACnh_province" title="Quảng Bình province">Quảng Bình province</a> in <a href="/wiki/Central_Vietnam" title="Central Vietnam">central Vietnam</a>. The Sa Huynh people were most likely the predecessors of the <a href="/wiki/Cham_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Cham people">Cham people</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Austronesian-speaking_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Austronesian-speaking people">Austronesian-speaking people</a> and the founders of the kingdom of <a href="/wiki/Champa" title="Champa">Champa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Higham_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Higham-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 211–217">: 211–217 </span></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2></div> <p>The site at Sa Huỳnh was discovered in 1909. Sa Huỳnh sites were rich in locally worked iron artefacts, typified by axes, swords, spearheads, knives and <a href="/wiki/Sickle" title="Sickle">sickles</a>. In contrast, <a href="/wiki/Bronze" title="Bronze">bronze</a> artifacts were dominant in the <a href="/wiki/%C4%90%C3%B4ng_S%C6%A1n_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Đông Sơn culture">Đông Sơn culture</a> sites found in northern Vietnam and elsewhere in mainland Southeast Asia. </p><p>The Sa Huỳnh culture <a href="/wiki/Cremation" title="Cremation">cremated</a> adults and buried them in jars covered with lids, a practice unique to the culture. Ritually broken offerings usually accompanied the jar burials. The culture is also typified by its unique ear <a href="/wiki/Jewellery" title="Jewellery">ornaments</a> featuring <a href="/wiki/Polycephaly" title="Polycephaly">two-headed animals</a>, believed by some to depict <a href="/wiki/Saola" title="Saola">saola</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ornaments were commonly made from <a href="/wiki/Jade" title="Jade">jade</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nephrite" title="Nephrite">nephrite</a>), but also made from <a href="/wiki/Glass" title="Glass">glass</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bead" title="Bead">Bead</a> ornaments were also commonly found in Sa Huynh burials, most commonly made from glass. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Trade_network">Trade network</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Philippine_jade_culture" title="Philippine jade culture">Philippine jade culture</a></div> <p>The Sa Huỳnh culture showed evidence of an extensive trade network that existed between 500 BC to AD 1500, known as the Sa Huynh-Kalanay Interaction Sphere (named after the Sa Huỳnh culture and the <a href="/wiki/Kalanay_Cave" title="Kalanay Cave">Kalanay Cave</a> of <a href="/wiki/Masbate" title="Masbate">Masbate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>). It was mainly between Sa Huỳnh and the Philippines, but also extended into archaeological sites in <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Southern_Thailand" title="Southern Thailand">Southern Thailand</a>, and northeastern <a href="/wiki/Borneo" title="Borneo">Borneo</a>. It is characterized by shared red-slipped pottery traditions, as well as double-headed and penannular ornaments known as <i><a href="/wiki/Lingling-o" title="Lingling-o">lingling-o</a></i> made from materials like green <a href="/wiki/Jade" title="Jade">jade</a> (sourced from <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a>), green <a href="/wiki/Mica" title="Mica">mica</a> (from <a href="/wiki/Mindoro" title="Mindoro">Mindoro</a>), black <a href="/wiki/Nephrite" title="Nephrite">nephrite</a> (from <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A0_T%C4%A9nh" title="Hà Tĩnh">Hà Tĩnh</a>) and clay (from Vietnam and the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Philippines">Northern Philippines</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Hung_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hung-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sa Huynh also produced beads made from glass, <a href="/wiki/Carnelian" title="Carnelian">carnelian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Agate" title="Agate">agate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Olivine" title="Olivine">olivine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zircon" title="Zircon">zircon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gold" title="Gold">gold</a> and <a href="/wiki/Garnet" title="Garnet">garnet</a>; most of whom use materials that are also <a href="/wiki/Import" title="Import">imported</a>. <a href="/wiki/Han_dynasty" title="Han dynasty">Han dynasty</a>-style <a href="/wiki/Bronze_mirror" title="Bronze mirror">bronze mirrors</a> were also found in Sa Huynh sites.<sup id="cite_ref-Hung_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hung-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Timeline_of_Iron_age">Timeline of Iron age</h2></div> <div class="timeline-wrapper"><map name="timeline_qejpl2emklci5rsfi5vdr6cz3j7pi6i"><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Tarumanagara" coords="621,44,735,65" title="Tarumanagara" alt="Tarumanagara" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Buni_culture" coords="505,35,608,56" title="Buni culture" alt="Buni culture" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Prehistory_of_Indonesia" coords="378,44,542,65" title="Prehistory of Indonesia" alt="Prehistory of Indonesia" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines_(900%2D1521)" coords="624,24,733,45" title="History of the Philippines (900-1521)" alt="History of the Philippines (900-1521)" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines" coords="494,14,619,35" title="History of the Philippines" alt="History of the Philippines" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Imperial_Vietnam" coords="575,6,700,27" title="Imperial Vietnam" alt="Imperial Vietnam" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/%C3%93c_Eo_culture" coords="581,-5,695,16" title="Óc Eo culture" alt="Óc Eo culture" /></map><img usemap="#timeline_qejpl2emklci5rsfi5vdr6cz3j7pi6i" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/timeline/qejpl2emklci5rsfi5vdr6cz3j7pi6i.png" /></div> <dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd><i>Dates are approximate, consult particular article for details</i></dd> <dd><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#ffd880; color:black;"> </span> Prehistoric (or <a href="/wiki/Protohistory" title="Protohistory">Proto-historic</a>) Iron Age <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#cccccc; color:black;"> </span> Historic Iron Age</dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Artifacts">Artifacts</h2></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bronze_weapon_Sa_Huynh_Culture.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Bronze dagger"><img alt="Bronze dagger" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Bronze_weapon_Sa_Huynh_Culture.JPG/90px-Bronze_weapon_Sa_Huynh_Culture.JPG" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Bronze_weapon_Sa_Huynh_Culture.JPG/135px-Bronze_weapon_Sa_Huynh_Culture.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Bronze_weapon_Sa_Huynh_Culture.JPG/180px-Bronze_weapon_Sa_Huynh_Culture.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Bronze dagger</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pottery_vase_Sa_Huynh_Culture.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Pottery vase"><img alt="Pottery vase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Pottery_vase_Sa_Huynh_Culture.JPG/90px-Pottery_vase_Sa_Huynh_Culture.JPG" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Pottery_vase_Sa_Huynh_Culture.JPG/135px-Pottery_vase_Sa_Huynh_Culture.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Pottery_vase_Sa_Huynh_Culture.JPG/180px-Pottery_vase_Sa_Huynh_Culture.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Pottery vase</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pottery_fruit_tray_Sa_Huynh_Culture_2.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Pottery fruit tray"><img alt="Pottery fruit tray" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Pottery_fruit_tray_Sa_Huynh_Culture_2.JPG/120px-Pottery_fruit_tray_Sa_Huynh_Culture_2.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Pottery_fruit_tray_Sa_Huynh_Culture_2.JPG/180px-Pottery_fruit_tray_Sa_Huynh_Culture_2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Pottery_fruit_tray_Sa_Huynh_Culture_2.JPG/240px-Pottery_fruit_tray_Sa_Huynh_Culture_2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Pottery fruit tray</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pottery_burial_jar_Sa_Huynh_Cultue.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Pottery burial jar"><img alt="Pottery burial jar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Pottery_burial_jar_Sa_Huynh_Cultue.JPG/90px-Pottery_burial_jar_Sa_Huynh_Cultue.JPG" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Pottery_burial_jar_Sa_Huynh_Cultue.JPG/135px-Pottery_burial_jar_Sa_Huynh_Cultue.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Pottery_burial_jar_Sa_Huynh_Cultue.JPG/180px-Pottery_burial_jar_Sa_Huynh_Cultue.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Pottery burial jar</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Three_node_pendant_(Jade),_Artefacts_of_Phu_Hoa_site(Dong_Nai_province).JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Jade penannular lingling-o"><img alt="Jade penannular lingling-o" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Three_node_pendant_%28Jade%29%2C_Artefacts_of_Phu_Hoa_site%28Dong_Nai_province%29.JPG/120px-Three_node_pendant_%28Jade%29%2C_Artefacts_of_Phu_Hoa_site%28Dong_Nai_province%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Three_node_pendant_%28Jade%29%2C_Artefacts_of_Phu_Hoa_site%28Dong_Nai_province%29.JPG/180px-Three_node_pendant_%28Jade%29%2C_Artefacts_of_Phu_Hoa_site%28Dong_Nai_province%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Three_node_pendant_%28Jade%29%2C_Artefacts_of_Phu_Hoa_site%28Dong_Nai_province%29.JPG/240px-Three_node_pendant_%28Jade%29%2C_Artefacts_of_Phu_Hoa_site%28Dong_Nai_province%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2284" data-file-height="1517" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Jade penannular <a href="/wiki/Lingling-o" title="Lingling-o">lingling-o</a> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bicephalous_pendant_(Jade),_Artefacts_of_Phu_Hoa_site(Dong_Nai_province)_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Jade double-headed lingling-o"><img alt="Jade double-headed lingling-o" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Bicephalous_pendant_%28Jade%29%2C_Artefacts_of_Phu_Hoa_site%28Dong_Nai_province%29_01.jpg/120px-Bicephalous_pendant_%28Jade%29%2C_Artefacts_of_Phu_Hoa_site%28Dong_Nai_province%29_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Bicephalous_pendant_%28Jade%29%2C_Artefacts_of_Phu_Hoa_site%28Dong_Nai_province%29_01.jpg/180px-Bicephalous_pendant_%28Jade%29%2C_Artefacts_of_Phu_Hoa_site%28Dong_Nai_province%29_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Bicephalous_pendant_%28Jade%29%2C_Artefacts_of_Phu_Hoa_site%28Dong_Nai_province%29_01.jpg/240px-Bicephalous_pendant_%28Jade%29%2C_Artefacts_of_Phu_Hoa_site%28Dong_Nai_province%29_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1068" data-file-height="730" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Jade double-headed <a href="/wiki/Lingling-o" title="Lingling-o">lingling-o</a> </div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austronesian_peoples" title="Austronesian peoples">Austronesian peoples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plain_of_Jars" title="Plain of Jars">Plain of Jars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A1t_Ti%C3%AAn_sanctuary" class="mw-redirect" title="Cát Tiên sanctuary">Cát Tiên sanctuary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%93c_Eo" title="Óc Eo">Óc Eo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champa" title="Champa">Champa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buni_culture" title="Buni culture">Buni culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabon_Caves" title="Tabon Caves">Tabon Caves</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pronounced sar-HWING. Frequently misspelled as <i>Sa Huyun</i> culture</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/John_N._Miksic" title="John N. Miksic">John N. Miksic</a>, Geok Yian Goh, Sue O Connor - <i>Rethinking Cultural Resource Management in Southeast Asia</i> 2011 p. 251 "This site dates from the fifth to first century BCE and it is one of the earliest sites of the Sa Huỳnh culture in Thu Bồn Valley (Reinecke et al. 2002, 153–216); 2) Lai Nghi is a prehistoric cemetery richly equipped with iron tools and weapons, ..."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_National_Museum_of_Fine_Arts" title="Vietnam National Museum of Fine Arts">Vietnam National Museum of Fine Arts</a> (<a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%E1%BA%A3o_t%C3%A0ng_m%E1%BB%B9_thu%E1%BA%ADt_Vi%E1%BB%87t_Nam" class="extiw" title="vi:Bảo tàng mỹ thuật Việt Nam">Bảo tàng mỹ thuật Việt Nam</a>) 2000 "Right from the early history - before and after the Christian era - over twenty centuries ago, there was a cultural exchange among three major Centres Z Đông Sơn culture in the North, Sa Huỳnh culture in Central and south-eastern Nam Bộ ..."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Higham-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Higham_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Higham, C., 2014, Early Mainland Southeast Asia, Bangkok: River Books Co., Ltd., <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9786167339443" title="Special:BookSources/9786167339443">9786167339443</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFdeBuys2015" class="citation book cs1">deBuys, William (2015). <i>The Last Unicorn: A Search For One of Earth's Rarest Creatures</i>. p. 267.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Last+Unicorn%3A+A+Search+For+One+of+Earth%27s+Rarest+Creatures&rft.pages=267&rft.date=2015&rft.aulast=deBuys&rft.aufirst=William&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASa+Hu%E1%BB%B3nh+culture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hung-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hung_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hung_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHungNguyenBellwoodCarson2013" class="citation journal cs1">Hung, Hsiao-chun; Nguyen, Kim Dung; Bellwood, Peter; Carson, Mike T. (2013). "Coastal Connectivity: Long-Term Trading Networks Across the South China Sea". <i>Journal of Island & Coastal Archaeology</i>. <b>8</b> (3): 384–404. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F15564894.2013.781085">10.1080/15564894.2013.781085</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:129020595">129020595</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Island+%26+Coastal+Archaeology&rft.atitle=Coastal+Connectivity%3A+Long-Term+Trading+Networks+Across+the+South+China+Sea&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=384-404&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F15564894.2013.781085&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A129020595%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Hung&rft.aufirst=Hsiao-chun&rft.au=Nguyen%2C+Kim+Dung&rft.au=Bellwood%2C+Peter&rft.au=Carson%2C+Mike+T.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASa+Hu%E1%BB%B3nh+culture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSolheim1969" class="citation journal cs1">Solheim, William (1969). "Prehistoric Archaeology in Eastern Mainland Southeast Asia and the Philippines". <i>Asian Perspectives</i>. <b>3</b>: 97–108. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10125%2F19126">10125/19126</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Asian+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Prehistoric+Archaeology+in+Eastern+Mainland+Southeast+Asia+and+the+Philippines&rft.volume=3&rft.pages=97-108&rft.date=1969&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10125%2F19126&rft.aulast=Solheim&rft.aufirst=William&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASa+Hu%E1%BB%B3nh+culture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiksic2003" class="citation book cs1">Miksic, John N. (2003). <i>Earthenware in Southeast Asia: Proceedings of the Singapore Symposium on Premodern Southeast Asian Earthenwares</i>. Singapore: Singapore University Press, National University of Singapore.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Earthenware+in+Southeast+Asia%3A+Proceedings+of+the+Singapore+Symposium+on+Premodern+Southeast+Asian+Earthenwares.&rft.place=Singapore&rft.pub=Singapore+University+Press%2C+National+University+of+Singapore&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Miksic&rft.aufirst=John+N.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASa+Hu%E1%BB%B3nh+culture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Higham_(archaeologist)" title="Charles Higham (archaeologist)">Higham, Charles</a>, <i>The Bronze Age of Southeast Asia</i>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-56505-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-56505-7">0-521-56505-7</a></li> <li>Higham, Charles, <i>Early Cultures of Mainland Southeast Asia</i>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-58886-028-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-58886-028-0">1-58886-028-0</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Champa_topics" title="Template:Champa topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Champa_topics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Champa topics (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Champa_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Champa topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Champa_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Champa" title="Champa">Champa</a> articles</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Champa" title="History of Champa">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sa Huỳnh culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%E1%BB%93_T%C3%B4n_Tinh" title="Hồ Tôn Tinh">Hồ Tôn Tinh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Era_of_Northern_Domination" title="Second Era of Northern Domination">Chinese rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A2m_%E1%BA%A4p" title="Lâm Ấp">Lâm Ấp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quduqian" title="Quduqian">Quduqian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tam_K%E1%BB%B3" title="Tam Kỳ">Boliao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xitu" title="Xitu">Xitu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sui%E2%80%93L%C3%A2m_%E1%BA%A4p_war" title="Sui–Lâm Ấp war">Sui–Lâm Ấp war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Champa#Champa_at_its_peak" title="History of Champa">Golden Age of Champa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Champa" title="History of Champa">Javanese raid of 774–787</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmer%E2%80%93Cham_wars" title="Khmer–Cham wars">Khmer–Cham wars</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Cham%E2%80%93Vietnamese_wars" title="History of the Cham–Vietnamese wars">Cham–Vietnamese wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasions_of_Vietnam" title="Mongol invasions of Vietnam">Mongol invasion (1283–1285)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cham%E2%80%93Vietnamese_War_(1367%E2%80%931390)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cham–Vietnamese War (1367–1390)">Champa during the reign of Po Binasuor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Vietnam#History" title="Islam in Vietnam">Islamization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cham%E2%80%93Vietnamese_War_(1471)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cham–Vietnamese War (1471)">Lê Thánh Tông's conquest (1471)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panduranga_(Champa)" title="Panduranga (Champa)">Rump state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Thu%E1%BA%ADn_Th%C3%A0nh" title="Principality of Thuận Thành">Principality of Thuận Thành</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Champa#Later_history_of_Champa" title="History of Champa">Dissolution in 1832</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champa_(Ja_Thak_Wa)" title="Champa (Ja Thak Wa)">New Champa (Champa resistance movement)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Champa" title="Timeline of Champa">Timeline of Champa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Government</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/King_of_Champa" title="King of Champa">List of monarchs of Champa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_of_Champa" title="King of Champa">List of dynasties of Champa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_Champa" title="Military of Champa">Military of Champa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champa#Geography_of_historical_Champa" title="Champa">Main capitals of Champa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hu%E1%BA%BF" title="Huế">Kandapurpura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tra_Kieu" class="mw-redirect" title="Tra Kieu">Simhapura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninh_Ph%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bc_district" title="Ninh Phước district">Virapura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indrapura_(Champa)" title="Indrapura (Champa)">Indrapura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vijaya_(Champa)" title="Vijaya (Champa)">Vijaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phan_Rang%E2%80%93Th%C3%A1p_Ch%C3%A0m" title="Phan Rang–Tháp Chàm">Panduranga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phan_R%C3%AD_C%E1%BB%ADa" title="Phan Rí Cửa">Panrik</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Society and culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_Champa" title="Art of Champa">Art of Champa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M%E1%BB%B9_S%C6%A1n" title="Mỹ Sơn">Mỹ Sơn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Po_Nagar" title="Po Nagar">Po Nagar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Vietnamese music">Cham music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_ceramics#Cham_kilns_(Go_Sanh_ceramics)" title="Vietnamese ceramics">Ware</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sa_Huỳnh_culture&oldid=1253085821">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sa_Huỳnh_culture&oldid=1253085821</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ancient_Vietnam" title="Category:Ancient Vietnam">Ancient Vietnam</a></li><li><a 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