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id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Início</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-História" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#História"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>História</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-História-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ver_também" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ver_também"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Ver também</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ver_também-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referências" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referências"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Referências</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referências-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ligações_externas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ligações_externas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Ligações externas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ligações_externas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Conteúdo" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Alternar o índice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Alternar o índice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Loucura</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ir para um artigo noutra língua. Disponível em 57 línguas" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-57" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">57 línguas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86" title="جنون — árabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جنون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="árabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llocura" title="Llocura — asturiano" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Llocura" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C9%99lilik" title="Dəlilik — azerbaijano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Dəlilik" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaijano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Лудост — búlgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Лудост" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bogeria" title="Bogeria — catalão" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Bogeria" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DB%8E%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="شێتی — curdo central" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="شێتی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="curdo central" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0%C3%ADlenstv%C3%AD" title="Šílenství — checo" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Šílenství" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="checo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artigo destacado"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahnsinn" title="Wahnsinn — alemão" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Wahnsinn" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%86%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%83%CF%8D%CE%BD%CE%B7" title="Παραφροσύνη — grego" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Παραφροσύνη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grego" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A2t" title="Mât — Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Mât" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insanity" title="Insanity — inglês" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Insanity" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frenezo" title="Frenezo — esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Frenezo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enajenaci%C3%B3n_mental" title="Enajenación mental — espanhol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Enajenación mental" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanhol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hullumeelsus" title="Hullumeelsus — estónio" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Hullumeelsus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estónio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eromen" title="Eromen — basco" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Eromen" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DB%8C" title="دیوانگی — persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دیوانگی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hulluus" title="Hulluus — finlandês" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Hulluus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folie" title="Folie — francês" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Folie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sljochtsinnigens" title="Sljochtsinnigens — frísico ocidental" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Sljochtsinnigens" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frísico ocidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gealtacht" title="Gealtacht — irlandês" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Gealtacht" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loucura" title="Loucura — galego" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Loucura" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galego" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%92%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%9F" title="שיגעון — hebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שיגעון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A8" title="पागलपन — hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पागलपन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B3ros_elme%C3%A1llapot" title="Kóros elmeállapot — húngaro" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kóros elmeállapot" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="húngaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BD%D5%A5%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Խելագարություն — arménio" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Խելագարություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kegilaan" title="Kegilaan — indonésio" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kegilaan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Follia" title="Follia — italiano" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Follia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8B%82%E6%B0%97" title="狂気 — japonês" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="狂気" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89dan" title="Édan — javanês" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Édan" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D2%9B%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%B7%D0%B4%D1%8B%D2%9B" title="Ақылсыздық — cazaque" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ақылсыздық" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="cazaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B9%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%9A%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9A%E0%B3%81" title="ಹುಚ್ಚು — canarim" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಹುಚ್ಚು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="canarim" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8B%AC%EC%8B%A0%EC%83%81%EC%8B%A4" title="심신상실 — coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="심신상실" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%AEn_(b%C3%AAaqil)" title="Dîn (bêaqil) — curdo" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Dîn (bêaqil)" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="curdo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gila" title="Gila — malaio" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Gila" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8" title="အရူး — birmanês" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အရူး" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmanês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krankzinnigheid" title="Krankzinnigheid — neerlandês" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Krankzinnigheid" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galskap" title="Galskap — norueguês bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Galskap" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norueguês bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foli%C3%A1" title="Foliá — occitano" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Foliá" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%DA%AF%D9%84_%D9%BE%D9%86" title="پاگل پن — Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="پاگل پن" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebunie" title="Nebunie — romeno" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Nebunie" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Сумасшествие — russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сумасшествие" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pazz%C3%ACa" title="Pazzìa — siciliano" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Pazzìa" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siciliano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madness" title="Madness — Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Madness" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0ialenstvo" title="Šialenstvo — eslovaco" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Šialenstvo" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waalni" title="Waalni — somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Waalni" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87menduria" title="Çmenduria — albanês" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Çmenduria" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Лудило — sérvio" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Лудило" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="sérvio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A9lo" title="Gélo — sundanês" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Gélo" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kichaa" title="Kichaa — suaíli" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kichaa" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suaíli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delilik" title="Delilik — turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Delilik" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%8F" title="Божевілля — ucraniano" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Божевілля" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraniano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%DA%AF%D9%84_%D9%BE%D9%86" title="پاگل پن — urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="پاگل پن" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kh%C3%B9ng_%C4%91i%C3%AAn" title="Khùng điên — vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Khùng điên" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foleye" title="Foleye — valão" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Foleye" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="valão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%92%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%9F" title="שגעון — iídiche" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="שגעון" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="iídiche" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E%E9%94%99%E4%B9%B1" title="精神错乱 — chinês" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="精神错乱" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%98%8B%E7%99%B2" title="瘋癲 — cantonês" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="瘋癲" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q505619#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Editar hiperligações interlínguas" class="wbc-editpage">Editar hiperligações</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espaços nominais"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Loucura" title="Ver a página de conteúdo [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artigo</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discuss%C3%A3o:Loucura" rel="discussion" title="Discussão sobre o conteúdo da página [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussão</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mudar a variante da língua" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">português</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Vistas"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Loucura"><span>Ler</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Loucura&veaction=edit" title="Editar esta página [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Editar</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Loucura&action=edit" title="Editar o código-fonte desta página [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Editar código-fonte</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Loucura&action=history" title="Edições anteriores desta página. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Ver histórico</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Ferramentas de página"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ferramentas" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Ferramentas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Ferramentas</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">mover para a barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ocultar</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Mais opções" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Operações </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Loucura"><span>Ler</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Loucura&veaction=edit" title="Editar esta página [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Editar</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Loucura&action=edit" title="Editar o código-fonte desta página [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Editar código-fonte</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Loucura&action=history"><span>Ver histórico</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Geral </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:P%C3%A1ginas_afluentes/Loucura" title="Lista de todas as páginas que contêm hiperligações para esta [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Páginas afluentes</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Altera%C3%A7%C3%B5es_relacionadas/Loucura" rel="nofollow" title="Mudanças recentes nas páginas para as quais esta contém hiperligações [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Alterações relacionadas</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Carregar_ficheiro" title="Carregar ficheiros [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Carregar ficheiro</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:P%C3%A1ginas_especiais" title="Lista de páginas especiais [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Páginas especiais</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Loucura&oldid=67682063" title="Hiperligação permanente para esta revisão desta página"><span>Hiperligação permanente</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Loucura&action=info" title="Mais informações sobre esta página"><span>Informações da página</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Citar&page=Loucura&id=67682063&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informação sobre como citar esta página"><span>Citar esta página</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FLoucura"><span>Obter URL encurtado</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FLoucura"><span>Descarregar código QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Imprimir/exportar </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Livro&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Loucura"><span>Criar um livro</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:DownloadAsPdf&page=Loucura&action=show-download-screen"><span>Descarregar como PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Loucura&printable=yes" title="Versão para impressão desta página [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versão para impressão</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Noutros projetos </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Insanity" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikiquote.org/wiki/Loucura" hreflang="pt"><span>Wikiquote</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q505619" title="Hiperligação para o elemento do repositório de dados [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Elemento Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Ferramentas de página"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspeto"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aspeto</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mover para a barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ocultar</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Origem: Wikipédia, a enciclopédia livre.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="pt" dir="ltr"><div class="hatnote"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Disambig_grey.svg/20px-Disambig_grey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Disambig_grey.svg/30px-Disambig_grey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Disambig_grey.svg/40px-Disambig_grey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="200" /></span></span> <b>Nota:</b> "Insanidade" redireciona para este artigo. 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.tmbox.mbox-small{clear:right;float:right;margin:4px 0 4px 1em;width:238px}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmbox{background-color:#2e2505}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmbox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmbox{background-color:#2e2505}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmbox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.tmbox img{max-width:none!important}</style><table class="box-Mais_notas plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Esta página cita fontes, mas não cobrem todo o conteúdo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">Esta página <a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Livro_de_estilo/Cite_as_fontes" title="Wikipédia:Livro de estilo/Cite as fontes">cita fontes</a>, mas que <b><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:V" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipédia:V">não cobrem</a> todo o conteúdo</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Ajude a <a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Livro_de_estilo/Refer%C3%AAncias_e_notas_de_rodap%C3%A9" title="Wikipédia:Livro de estilo/Referências e notas de rodapé">inserir referências</a> (<small><i>Encontre fontes:</i> <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/">ABW</a>  •  <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.periodicos.capes.gov.br">CAPES</a>  •  <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&as_epq=Loucura">Google</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?hl=pt&tbm=nws&q=Loucura&oq=Loucura">N</a> • <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?&as_brr=0&as_epq=Loucura">L</a> • <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=pt&q=Loucura">A</a>)</span></small>).</span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">Novembro de 2013</span>)</i></small></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Angelo_Bronzino_003.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Angelo_Bronzino_003.jpg/235px-Angelo_Bronzino_003.jpg" decoding="async" width="235" height="288" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Angelo_Bronzino_003.jpg/353px-Angelo_Bronzino_003.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Angelo_Bronzino_003.jpg/470px-Angelo_Bronzino_003.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2536" data-file-height="3104" /></a><figcaption>Parte de <i>Alegoria do Triunfo de Vênus</i>, de <a href="/wiki/Agnolo_Bronzino" title="Agnolo Bronzino">Agnolo Bronzino</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>loucura</b> ou <b>insanidade</b> é segundo a <a href="/wiki/Psicologia" title="Psicologia">psicologia</a> uma condição da <a href="/wiki/Mente" title="Mente">mente</a> <a href="/wiki/Homem" title="Homem">humana</a> caracterizada por pensamentos considerados <a href="/wiki/Normalidade_(comportamento)" title="Normalidade (comportamento)">anormais</a> pela <a href="/wiki/Sociedade" title="Sociedade">sociedade</a> ou a realização de coisas sem sentido. É resultado de algum <a href="/wiki/Transtorno_mental" title="Transtorno mental">transtorno mental</a>. A verdadeira constatação da insanidade mental de um indivíduo só pode ser feita por especialistas em <a href="/wiki/Psicopatologia" title="Psicopatologia">psicopatologia</a>. </p><p>Algumas visões sobre loucura defendem que o sujeito não está doente da mente, mas pode simplesmente ser uma maneira diferente de ser julgado pela sociedade. Na visão da lei civil, a <i>insanidade</i> revoga obrigações legais e até atos cometidos contra a sociedade <a href="/wiki/Civil" title="Civil">civil</a> com diagnóstico prévio de psicólogos, julgados então como <a href="/wiki/Insanidade" class="mw-redirect" title="Insanidade">insanidade</a> mental. </p><p>Na profissão médica, o termo é agora evitado em favor de diagnósticos específicos de perturbações mentais, a presença de <a href="/wiki/Del%C3%ADrio" title="Delírio">delírios</a> ou<a href="/wiki/Alucina%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Alucinação"> alucinações</a> é amplamente referida como a <a href="/wiki/Psicose" title="Psicose">psicose</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-diag_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-diag-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup> Quando se discute a doença mental, em termos gerais, <a href="/wiki/Psicopatologia" title="Psicopatologia">psicopatologia</a> é considerada uma designação preferida.<sup id="cite_ref-DS_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DS-2"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="História"><span id="Hist.C3.B3ria"></span>História</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Loucura&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Editar secção: História" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Loucura&action=edit&section=1" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: História"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As significações da loucura mudaram ao longo da história. Na visão de <a href="/wiki/Homero" title="Homero">Homero</a>, os homens não passariam de bonecos à mercê dos deuses e teriam, por isso, seu destino conduzido pelas "<a href="/wiki/Moiras" title="Moiras">moiras</a>", o que criava uma aparência de estarem possuídos, ao qual os gregos chamaram "mania". </p><p>Para <a href="/wiki/S%C3%B3crates" title="Sócrates">Sócrates</a>, este fato geraria quatro tipos de loucuras: a <i>profética</i>, em que os deuses se comunicariam com os homens possuindo o corpo de um deles, <a href="/wiki/Or%C3%A1culo" title="Oráculo">o oráculo</a>. O <i>ritual</i>, em que o louco se via conduzido ao êxtase através de danças e rituais, ao fim dos quais seria possuído por uma força exterior. A loucura <i>amorosa</i>, produzida por <a href="/wiki/Afrodite" title="Afrodite">Afrodite</a>, e a loucura <i>poética</i>, produzida pelas <a href="/wiki/Musas" class="mw-redirect" title="Musas">musas</a>. A mania (termo grego para loucura), personificada no Deus Dioniso, também poderia assumir, segundo Platão <sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup>, a forma de uma "loucura divina" (theía mania), sendo essencial para o exercício da filosofia. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Pinel" title="Philippe Pinel">Philippe Pinel</a> alterou significativamente a noção de loucura ao anexá-la à razão. Segundo <a href="/wiki/Michel_Foucault" title="Michel Foucault">Michel Foucault</a>, ao diferenciar (ou diferir - <a href="/wiki/Diff%C3%A9rance" title="Différance">Différance</a>) o louco do criminoso, obnubilou, tornando-o velado, o aspecto de julgamento moral que constituía até então o principal parâmetro da definição da loucura. Este aspecto moral deixou de ser parâmetro, mas persistiu como uma sensibilidade, um paradigma envolto nos fenômenos designados "da loucura". Assim, ainda hoje, a diagnose, a <a href="/wiki/Nosologia" title="Nosologia">nosologia</a> que perscruta e prescreve os comportamentos e afetos daqueles que são designados como loucos, traz consigo, inculcada, uma série sem fim de paradigmas abscônditos, donde devém a mesma abjeção que se impõe sobre a loucura ou os loucos.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Hegel" class="mw-redirect" title="Hegel">Hegel</a> afirmou que a loucura não seria a perda abstrata da razão: <i>"A loucura é um simples desarranjo, uma simples contradição no interior da razão, que continua presente"</i>. A loucura deixou de ser o oposto à razão ou sua ausência, tornando possível pensá-la como "dentro do sujeito", a loucura de cada um, possuidora de uma lógica própria. Hegel tornou possível pensar a loucura como pertinente e necessária à dimensão humana, e afirmou que só seria humano quem tivesse a virtualidade da loucura, pois a razão humana só se realizaria através dela. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ver_também"><span id="Ver_tamb.C3.A9m"></span>Ver também</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Loucura&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Editar secção: Ver também" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Loucura&action=edit&section=2" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Ver também"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="infobox noprint" style="width:250px; line-height:2.2em; font-size:90%"> <tbody><tr style="line-height:1.3em"> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;">Outros projetos <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikimedia">Wikimedia</a> também contêm material sobre este tema: </td></tr> <tr> <th style="width: 37px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://pt.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/louco" title="Wikcionário"><img alt="Wikcionário" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Wiktionary-logo-pt.png/25px-Wiktionary-logo-pt.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Wiktionary-logo-pt.png/38px-Wiktionary-logo-pt.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Wiktionary-logo-pt.png/50px-Wiktionary-logo-pt.png 2x" data-file-width="140" data-file-height="135" /></a></span> </th> <td><a href="https://pt.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/louco" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/louco"><span title="Procurar por definições no Wikicionário"><b>Definições</b></span></a> no <a href="https://pt.wiktionary.org/wiki/P%C3%A1gina_principal" class="extiw" title="wikt:Página principal"><span title="Wikcionário">Wikcionário</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://pt.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Loucura" title="Wikiquote"><img alt="Wikiquote" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/21px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/32px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/42px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></span> </th> <td><a href="https://pt.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Loucura" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Loucura"><span title="Procurar por citações no Wikiquote"><b>Citações</b></span></a> no <a href="https://pt.wikiquote.org/wiki/P%C3%A1gina_principal" class="extiw" title="q:Página principal"><span title="Wikiquote">Wikiquote</span></a> </td></tr> </tbody></table><div id="interProject" style="display:none;"> <ul><li><a href="https://pt.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Loucura" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Loucura"><span title="Wikiquote">Wikiquote</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://pt.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/louco" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/louco"><span title="Wikcionário">Wikcionário</span></a></li></ul> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sanidade" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanidade">Sanidade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doen%C3%A7a_mental" class="mw-redirect" title="Doença mental">Doença mental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psicose" title="Psicose">Psicose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esquizofrenia" title="Esquizofrenia">Esquizofrenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kair%C3%B3s" title="Kairós">Kayros</a></li></ul> <h2 id="Referências" style="cursor: help;" title="Esta seção foi configurada para não ser editável diretamente. Edite a página toda ou a seção anterior em vez disso."><span id="Refer.C3.AAncias"></span>Referências</h2> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-diag-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-diag_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">L M Tierney, S J McPhee, M A Papadakis (2002). <i>Current medical Diagnosis & Treatment. International edition</i>. New York: Lange Medical Books/McGraw-Hill. pp. 1078–1086. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/0-07-137688-7" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/0-07-137688-7">0-07-137688-7</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ALoucura&rft.aufirst=M+A+Papadakis&rft.aulast=L+M+Tierney%2C+S+J+McPhee&rft.btitle=Current+medical+Diagnosis+%26+Treatment.+International+edition&rft.date=2002&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-07-137688-7&rft.pages=1078-1086&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Lange+Medical+Books%2FMcGraw-Hill&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DS-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-DS_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://pt.wikinews.org/wiki/Dr._Joseph_Merlino_on_sexuality,_insanity,_Freud,_fetishes_and_apathy" class="extiw" title="n:Dr. Joseph Merlino on sexuality, insanity, Freud, fetishes and apathy">An interview with Dr. Joseph Merlino</a>, David Shankbone,<i><a href="/wiki/Wikinews" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikinews">Wikinews</a></i>, October 5, 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">PLATÃO. <i>Fedro</i>. [S.l.]: Editora Vozes</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ALoucura&rft.au=PLAT%C3%83O&rft.btitle=Fedro&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=Editora+Vozes&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.14375/np.9782070295821">«Histoire de la folie à l'âge classique»</a>. 23 de outubro de 1976. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.14375%2Fnp.9782070295821">10.14375/np.9782070295821</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ALoucura&rft.atitle=Histoire+de+la+folie+%C3%A0+l%27%C3%A2ge+classique&rft.date=1976-10-23&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.14375%2Fnp.9782070295821&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.14375%2Fnp.9782070295821&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ligações_externas"><span id="Liga.C3.A7.C3.B5es_externas"></span>Ligações externas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Loucura&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Editar secção: Ligações externas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Loucura&action=edit&section=3" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Ligações externas"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08041a.htm">Catholic Encyclopedia: Insanity (1910)</a> (newadvent.org)</li></ul> <table class="noprint" style="border-top:none; border-bottom:none; background:transparent; color: inherit"><tbody><tr> <td style="text-align: center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Psi_and_Caduceus.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Ícone de esboço" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Psi_and_Caduceus.svg/50px-Psi_and_Caduceus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Psi_and_Caduceus.svg/75px-Psi_and_Caduceus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Psi_and_Caduceus.svg/100px-Psi_and_Caduceus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td> <td><i>Este artigo sobre <a href="/wiki/Psiquiatria" title="Psiquiatria">psiquiatria</a> é um <a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Esbo%C3%A7o" title="Wikipédia:Esboço">esboço</a>. Você pode ajudar a Wikipédia <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Loucura&action=edit">expandindo-o</a></span></b>.</i></td> </tr></tbody></table> <ul class="noprint navigation-box" style="border-top: solid silver 1px; border-right: solid silver 1px; border-bottom:1px solid silver; border-left: solid silver 1px; padding:3px; background-color: #F9F9F9; text-align: center; margin-top:10px; margin-left: 0; clear: both;"><li style="display: inline;"><span style="white-space: nowrap; margin: auto 1.5em"><span style="margin-right: 0.5em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Gatunek_leczniczy_darkgreen_on_102_255_0_6C_transparent.svg" title="Portal da saúde"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Gatunek_leczniczy_darkgreen_on_102_255_0_6C_transparent.svg/25px-Gatunek_leczniczy_darkgreen_on_102_255_0_6C_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Gatunek_leczniczy_darkgreen_on_102_255_0_6C_transparent.svg/38px-Gatunek_leczniczy_darkgreen_on_102_255_0_6C_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Gatunek_leczniczy_darkgreen_on_102_255_0_6C_transparent.svg/50px-Gatunek_leczniczy_darkgreen_on_102_255_0_6C_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="30" data-file-height="30" /></a></span></span> <span style="font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Sa%C3%BAde" title="Portal:Saúde">Portal da saúde</a></span></span></li> </ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Controle_de_autoridade" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Controle_de_autoridade" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width: 12%; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Ajuda:Controle_de_autoridade" title="Ajuda:Controle de autoridade">Controle de autoridade</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd plainlinks" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:Main_Page" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span>: <span class="uid"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q505619" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q505619">Q505619</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Tesauro_de_Arte_e_Arquitetura" title="Tesauro de Arte e Arquitetura">AAT</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/AATFullDisplay?find=&logic=AND&note=&subjectid=300055132">300055132</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_Central_de_Floren%C3%A7a" title="Biblioteca Nacional Central de Florença">BNCF</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thes.bncf.firenze.sbn.it/termine.php?id=8329">8329</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">EBID</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/insanity">ID</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4293233-6">4293233-6</a></span></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Identificadores" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Identificadores" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width: 12%; 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