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class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-政治形势" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#政治形势"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>政治形势</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-政治形势-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1996年后的总理及政府" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1996年后的总理及政府"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>1996年后的总理及政府</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-1996年后的总理及政府-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关1996年后的总理及政府子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-1996年后的总理及政府-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-内塔尼亚胡（1996年－1999年）" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#内塔尼亚胡（1996年－1999年）"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>内塔尼亚胡（1996年－1999年）</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-内塔尼亚胡（1996年－1999年）-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-巴拉克（1999年－2001年）" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#巴拉克（1999年－2001年）"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>巴拉克（1999年－2001年）</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-巴拉克（1999年－2001年）-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-沙龙（2001年－2006年）" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#沙龙（2001年－2006年）"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>沙龙（2001年－2006年）</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-沙龙（2001年－2006年）-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-奥尔默特（2006年－2009年）" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#奥尔默特（2006年－2009年）"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>奥尔默特（2006年－2009年）</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-奥尔默特（2006年－2009年）-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-内塔尼亚胡（2009年-2021年）" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#内塔尼亚胡（2009年-2021年）"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>内塔尼亚胡（2009年-2021年）</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-内塔尼亚胡（2009年-2021年）-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-政党与选举" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#政党与选举"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>政党与选举</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-政党与选举-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-其他政治社团" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#其他政治社团"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>其他政治社团</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-其他政治社团-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关其他政治社团子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-其他政治社团-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-右翼" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#右翼"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>右翼</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-右翼-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-左翼" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#左翼"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>左翼</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-左翼-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-中间派" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#中间派"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>中间派</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-中间派-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-利益集团" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#利益集团"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>利益集团</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-利益集团-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-其他" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#其他"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>其他</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-其他-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-主要政治议题" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#主要政治议题"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>主要政治议题</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-主要政治议题-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考资料" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考资料"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>参考资料</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考资料-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部連結" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部連結"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>外部連結</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部連結-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">以色列政治</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。30种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-30" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">30种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%84" title="السياسة في إسرائيل – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="السياسة في إسرائيل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%84" title="سياسة اسرائيل – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="سياسة اسرائيل" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0srailin_d%C3%B6vl%C9%99t_qurulu%C5%9Fu" title="İsrailin dövlət quruluşu – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İsrailin dövlət quruluşu" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Ізраільская палітыка – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Ізраільская палітыка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%98%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Политика на Израел – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Политика на Израел" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Govern_i_pol%C3%ADtica_d%27Israel" title="Govern i política d'Israel – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Govern i política d'Israel" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politick%C3%BD_syst%C3%A9m_St%C3%A1tu_Izrael" title="Politický systém Státu Izrael – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Politický systém Státu Izrael" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israels_politik" title="Israels politik – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Israels politik" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politisches_System_Israels" title="Politisches System Israels – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Politisches System Israels" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politics_of_Israel" title="Politics of Israel – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Politics of Israel" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gobierno_y_pol%C3%ADtica_de_Israel" title="Gobierno y política de Israel – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Gobierno y política de Israel" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israelgo_politika_eta_gobernua" title="Israelgo politika eta gobernua – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Israelgo politika eta gobernua" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%84" title="سیاست در اسرائیل – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سیاست در اسرائیل" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israelin_politiikka" title="Israelin politiikka – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Israelin politiikka" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politique_en_Isra%C3%ABl" title="Politique en Israël – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Politique en Israël" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9C" title="פוליטיקה של ישראל – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פוליטיקה של ישראל" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izrael_politikai_%C3%A9lete" title="Izrael politikai élete – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Izrael politikai élete" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politik_Israel" title="Politik Israel – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Politik Israel" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politica_di_Israele" title="Politica di Israele – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Politica di Israele" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%82%B9%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A8%E3%83%AB%E3%81%AE%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" title="イスラエルの政治 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="イスラエルの政治" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EC%8A%A4%EB%9D%BC%EC%97%98%EC%9D%98_%EC%A0%95%EC%B9%98" title="이스라엘의 정치 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="이스라엘의 정치" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israels_politiske_system" title="Israels politiske system – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Israels politiske system" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ustr%C3%B3j_polityczny_Izraela" title="Ustrój polityczny Izraela – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ustrój polityczny Izraela" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pol%C3%ADtica_de_Israel" title="Política de Israel – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Política de Israel" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%98%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8F" title="Внутренняя политика Израиля – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Внутренняя политика Израиля" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politick%C3%BD_syst%C3%A9m_Izraela" title="Politický systém Izraela – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Politický systém Izraela" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israels_politik" title="Israels politik – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Israels politik" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0srail%27de_siyaset" title="İsrail'de siyaset – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İsrail'de siyaset" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%82%D1%80%D1%96%D1%88%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%86%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BB%D1%8E" title="Внутрішня політика Ізраїлю – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Внутрішня політика Ізраїлю" data-language-autonym="Українська" 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.sidebar-below{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-color:#54595d!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar a:not(.new):not(.mw-selflink):link{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile vcard"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><div class="adr" style="font-size:smaller"><span class="fn org country-name"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="以色列国">以色列国</a></span> </div></th></tr><tr><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_Israel.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Emblem_of_Israel.svg/100px-Emblem_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Emblem_of_Israel.svg/150px-Emblem_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Emblem_of_Israel.svg/200px-Emblem_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="863" data-file-height="1071" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td style="border-bottom: #aaa 1px solid;"><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">以色列政府与政治</a></b><br /><small>系列条目</small></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC%E6%B3%95" title="以色列基本法">基本法</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%E6%B3%95" title="耶路撒冷法">耶路撒冷法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9E%E6%AD%B8%E6%B3%95" title="回歸法">回歸法</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;">國家元首</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="以色列总统">總統</a><small>（<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="以色列總統列表">歷任名單</a>）</small> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E8%90%A8%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E8%B5%AB%E5%B0%94%E4%BD%90%E5%85%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="伊萨克·赫尔佐克">伊薩克·赫爾佐克</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;">行政部門</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E6%80%BB%E7%90%86" title="以色列总理">總理</a><small>（<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="以色列總理列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of prime ministers of Israel"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E7%B8%BD%E7%90%86%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="以色列總理列表（页面不存在）">歷任名單</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Israel" class="extiw" title="en:List of prime ministers of Israel"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of prime ministers of Israel</span></a></span>）</span></span>）</small> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E9%9B%85%E6%98%8E%C2%B7%E5%86%85%E5%A1%94%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E8%83%A1" title="本雅明·内塔尼亚胡">本雅明·內塔尼亞胡</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E5%80%99%E8%A3%9C%E7%B8%BD%E7%90%86" title="以色列候補總理">後補總理</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E7%B8%BD%E7%90%86%E8%BE%A6%E5%85%AC%E5%AE%A4" title="以色列總理辦公室">總理辦公室</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="以色列總理副手" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Deputy of the Prime Minister of Israel"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E7%B8%BD%E7%90%86%E5%89%AF%E6%89%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="以色列總理副手（页面不存在）">副總理</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deputy_of_the_Prime_Minister_of_Israel" class="extiw" title="en:Deputy of the Prime Minister of Israel"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Deputy of the Prime Minister of Israel</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="以色列內閣" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Cabinet of Israel"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E5%85%A7%E9%96%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="以色列內閣（页面不存在）">內閣</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabinet_of_Israel" class="extiw" title="en:Cabinet of Israel"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Cabinet of Israel</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="以色列第37屆政府" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Thirty-seventh government of Israel"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E7%AC%AC37%E5%B1%86%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="以色列第37屆政府（页面不存在）">以色列第37屆政府</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thirty-seventh_government_of_Israel" class="extiw" title="en:Thirty-seventh government of Israel"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Thirty-seventh government of Israel</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="以色列安全內閣" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Security Cabinet of Israel"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E5%85%A7%E9%96%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="以色列安全內閣（页面不存在）">安全內閣</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Security_Cabinet_of_Israel" class="extiw" title="en:Security Cabinet of Israel"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Security Cabinet of Israel</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="以色列廚房內閣" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Kitchen Cabinet of Israel"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E5%BB%9A%E6%88%BF%E5%85%A7%E9%96%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="以色列廚房內閣（页面不存在）">廚房內閣</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitchen_Cabinet_of_Israel" class="extiw" title="en:Kitchen Cabinet of Israel"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Kitchen Cabinet of Israel</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E6%AA%A2%E5%AF%9F%E7%B8%BD%E9%95%B7" title="以色列檢察總長">總檢察長</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="加利·巴哈拉夫-米亞拉" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Gali Baharav-Miara"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%C2%B7%E5%B7%B4%E5%93%88%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB-%E7%B1%B3%E4%BA%9E%E6%8B%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="加利·巴哈拉夫-米亞拉（页面不存在）">加利·巴哈拉夫-米亞拉</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gali_Baharav-Miara" class="extiw" title="en:Gali Baharav-Miara"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Gali Baharav-Miara</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;">立法部門</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%83" title="以色列國會">國會</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E8%AE%AE%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE%E9%95%BF" title="以色列议会议长">議長</a>：<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="阿米爾·奧哈納" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Amir Ohana"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E7%B1%B3%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E5%A5%A7%E5%93%88%E7%B4%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿米爾·奧哈納（页面不存在）">阿米爾·奧哈納</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amir_Ohana" class="extiw" title="en:Amir Ohana"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Amir Ohana</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第23屆以色列國會議員列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of members of the twenty-third Knesset"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC23%E5%B1%86%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0%E5%93%A1%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="第23屆以色列國會議員列表（页面不存在）">現任議員</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_twenty-third_Knesset" class="extiw" title="en:List of members of the twenty-third Knesset"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of members of the twenty-third Knesset</span></a></span>）</span></span>（<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="以色列國會阿拉伯裔議員列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of Arab members of the Knesset"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%83%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E8%A3%94%E8%AD%B0%E5%93%A1%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="以色列國會阿拉伯裔議員列表（页面不存在）">阿裔議員</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Arab_members_of_the_Knesset" class="extiw" title="en:List of Arab members of the Knesset"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of Arab members of the Knesset</span></a></span>）</span></span>）</li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="反對派領袖 (以色列)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Leader of the Opposition (Israel)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%8D%E5%B0%8D%E6%B4%BE%E9%A0%98%E8%A2%96_(%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="反對派領袖 (以色列)（页面不存在）">反對派領袖</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(Israel)" class="extiw" title="en:Leader of the Opposition (Israel)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Leader of the Opposition (Israel)</span></a></span>）</span></span>：<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E4%BC%8A%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E7%9A%AE%E5%BE%B7" title="亚伊尔·拉皮德">亞伊爾·拉皮德</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="以色列國會衛隊" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Knesset Guard"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%83%E8%A1%9B%E9%9A%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="以色列國會衛隊（页面不存在）">國會衛隊</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knesset_Guard" class="extiw" title="en:Knesset Guard"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Knesset Guard</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="以色列國家審計長" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="State Comptroller of Israel"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E5%AF%A9%E8%A8%88%E9%95%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="以色列國家審計長（页面不存在）">國家審計長</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_Comptroller_of_Israel" class="extiw" title="en:State Comptroller of Israel"><span lang="en" dir="auto">State Comptroller of Israel</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;">司法部門</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="以色列司法" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Judiciary of Israel"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E5%8F%B8%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="以色列司法（页面不存在）">司法系統</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judiciary_of_Israel" class="extiw" title="en:Judiciary of Israel"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Judiciary of Israel</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E6%9C%80%E9%AB%98%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2" title="以色列最高法院">最高法院</a> <ul><li>院長：<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="烏茲·沃格爾曼" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Uzi Vogelman"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%83%8F%E8%8C%B2%C2%B7%E6%B2%83%E6%A0%BC%E7%88%BE%E6%9B%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="烏茲·沃格爾曼（页面不存在）">烏茲·沃格爾曼</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uzi_Vogelman" class="extiw" title="en:Uzi Vogelman"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Uzi Vogelman</span></a></span>）</span></span><small>（<i>代理</i>）</small></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E9%81%B8%E8%88%89" title="以色列選舉">選舉</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li>近期選舉 <ul><li>國會選舉：<a href="/wiki/2020%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E8%AD%B0%E6%9C%83%E9%81%B8%E8%88%89" title="2020年以色列議會選舉">2020年</a> / <a href="/wiki/2021%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E8%AE%AE%E4%BC%9A%E9%80%89%E4%B8%BE" title="2021年以色列议会选举">2021年</a> / <a href="/wiki/2022%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E8%AD%B0%E6%9C%83%E9%81%B8%E8%88%89" title="2022年以色列議會選舉">2022年</a></li> <li>市鎮選舉：<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="2013年以色列市鎮選舉" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="2013 Israeli municipal elections"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=2013%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E5%B8%82%E9%8E%AE%E9%81%B8%E8%88%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2013年以色列市鎮選舉（页面不存在）">2013年</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013_Israeli_municipal_elections" class="extiw" title="en:2013 Israeli municipal elections"><span lang="en" dir="auto">2013 Israeli municipal elections</span></a></span>）</span></span> / <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="2018年以色列市鎮選舉" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="2018 Israeli municipal elections"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=2018%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E5%B8%82%E9%8E%AE%E9%81%B8%E8%88%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2018年以色列市鎮選舉（页面不存在）">2018年</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_Israeli_municipal_elections" class="extiw" title="en:2018 Israeli municipal elections"><span lang="en" dir="auto">2018 Israeli municipal elections</span></a></span>）</span></span> / <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="2024年以色列市鎮選舉" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="2024 Israeli municipal elections"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=2024%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E5%B8%82%E9%8E%AE%E9%81%B8%E8%88%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2024年以色列市鎮選舉（页面不存在）">2024年</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Israeli_municipal_elections" class="extiw" title="en:2024 Israeli municipal elections"><span lang="en" dir="auto">2024 Israeli municipal elections</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="基本法：國會" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Basic Law: The Knesset"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC%E6%B3%95%EF%BC%9A%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="基本法：國會（页面不存在）">選舉法</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basic_Law:_The_Knesset" class="extiw" title="en:Basic Law: The Knesset"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Basic Law: The Knesset</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="中央選舉委員會 (以色列)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Central Elections Committee"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E9%81%B8%E8%88%89%E5%A7%94%E5%93%A1%E6%9C%83_(%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中央選舉委員會 (以色列)（页面不存在）">中央選舉委員會</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Elections_Committee" class="extiw" title="en:Central Elections Committee"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Central Elections Committee</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E6%94%BF%E9%BB%A8%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="以色列政黨列表">政黨</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="以色列公民投票" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Referendums in Israel"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E5%85%AC%E6%B0%91%E6%8A%95%E7%A5%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="以色列公民投票（页面不存在）">全民公決</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Referendums_in_Israel" class="extiw" title="en:Referendums in Israel"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Referendums in Israel</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%92" title="以色列行政区划">行政區劃</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%92" title="以色列行政区划">區</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="以色列地方政府" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Local government in Israel"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="以色列地方政府（页面不存在）">地方政府</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_government_in_Israel" class="extiw" title="en:Local government in Israel"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Local government in Israel</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="以色列地方政府" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Local government in Israel"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="以色列地方政府（页面不存在）">市鎮政府</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_government_in_Israel" class="extiw" title="en:Local government in Israel"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Local government in Israel</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="地方議會 (以色列)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Local council (Israel)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E8%AD%B0%E6%9C%83_(%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="地方議會 (以色列)（页面不存在）">地方議會</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_council_(Israel)" class="extiw" title="en:Local council (Israel)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Local council (Israel)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="地區議會 (以色列)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Regional council (Israel)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E5%8D%80%E8%AD%B0%E6%9C%83_(%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="地區議會 (以色列)（页面不存在）">地區議會</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regional_council_(Israel)" class="extiw" title="en:Regional council (Israel)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Regional council (Israel)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%A4" title="以色列外交">外交</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%A4%E9%83%A8" title="以色列外交部">外交部</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E9%A7%90%E5%A4%96%E6%A9%9F%E6%A7%8B%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="以色列駐外機構列表">以色列駐外</a> / <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="駐以色列外交機構列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of diplomatic missions in Israel"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A7%90%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%A4%E6%A9%9F%E6%A7%8B%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="駐以色列外交機構列表（页面不存在）">駐以色列外交機構</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_Israel" class="extiw" title="en:List of diplomatic missions in Israel"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of diplomatic missions in Israel</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="以色列大使列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of Israeli ambassadors"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E5%A4%A7%E4%BD%BF%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="以色列大使列表（页面不存在）">大使名單</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Israeli_ambassadors" class="extiw" title="en:List of Israeli ambassadors"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of Israeli ambassadors</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="以色列公民資格法" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Israeli citizenship law"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E5%85%AC%E6%B0%91%E8%B3%87%E6%A0%BC%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="以色列公民資格法（页面不存在）">國籍法</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israeli_citizenship_law" class="extiw" title="en:Israeli citizenship law"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Israeli citizenship law</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E8%AD%B7%E7%85%A7" title="以色列護照">護照</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E5%85%AC%E6%B0%91%E7%AD%BE%E8%AF%81%E8%A6%81%E6%B1%82" title="以色列公民签证要求">簽證要求</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E7%AD%BE%E8%AF%81%E6%94%BF%E7%AD%96" title="以色列签证政策">簽證政策</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li>多邊關係 <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="阿拉伯聯盟與阿拉伯—以色列衝突" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Arab League and the Arab–Israeli conflict"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F%E8%88%87%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E2%80%94%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E8%A1%9D%E7%AA%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿拉伯聯盟與阿拉伯—以色列衝突（页面不存在）">與阿拉伯聯盟關係</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_League_and_the_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_conflict" class="extiw" title="en:Arab League and the Arab–Israeli conflict"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Arab League and the Arab–Israeli conflict</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="國籍法與阿拉伯—以色列衝突" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="International law and the Arab–Israeli conflict"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%8B%E7%B1%8D%E6%B3%95%E8%88%87%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E2%80%94%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E8%A1%9D%E7%AA%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="國籍法與阿拉伯—以色列衝突（页面不存在）">國際法</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_law_and_the_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_conflict" class="extiw" title="en:International law and the Arab–Israeli conflict"><span lang="en" dir="auto">International law and the Arab–Israeli conflict</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="1967年以色列所佔領土的地位" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Status of territories occupied by Israel in 1967"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1967%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E6%89%80%E4%BD%94%E9%A0%98%E5%9C%9F%E7%9A%84%E5%9C%B0%E4%BD%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1967年以色列所佔領土的地位（页面不存在）">佔領區地位</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Status_of_territories_occupied_by_Israel_in_1967" class="extiw" title="en:Status of territories occupied by Israel in 1967"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Status of territories occupied by Israel in 1967</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="以色列對戈蘭高地的佔領" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Israeli occupation of the Golan Heights"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E5%B0%8D%E6%88%88%E8%98%AD%E9%AB%98%E5%9C%B0%E7%9A%84%E4%BD%94%E9%A0%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="以色列對戈蘭高地的佔領（页面不存在）">戈蘭高地地位</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israeli_occupation_of_the_Golan_Heights" class="extiw" title="en:Israeli occupation of the Golan Heights"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Israeli occupation of the Golan Heights</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="以色列與聯合國" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Israel and the United Nations"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E8%88%87%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E5%9C%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="以色列與聯合國（页面不存在）">與聯合國關係</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel_and_the_United_Nations" class="extiw" title="en:Israel and the United Nations"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Israel and the United Nations</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="以色列與歐洲聯盟" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Israel–European Union relations"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E8%88%87%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="以色列與歐洲聯盟（页面不存在）">與歐洲聯盟關係</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" class="extiw" title="en:Israel–European Union relations"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Israel–European Union relations</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li>雙邊關係：<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E2%80%94%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB" title="中国—以色列关系">中國</a> / <a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E2%80%94%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82" title="美國—以色列關係">美國</a> / <a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E2%80%94%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82" title="以色列—英國關係">英國</a> / <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="聖座—以色列關係" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Holy See–Israel relations"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%81%96%E5%BA%A7%E2%80%94%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="聖座—以色列關係（页面不存在）">聖座</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93Israel_relations" class="extiw" title="en:Holy See–Israel relations"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Holy See–Israel relations</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" title="Portal:政治">政治主題</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97" title="Portal:以色列">以色列主題</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="line-height:1.6"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84244141">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:110%;margin:0 8em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:110%;margin:0 5em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" title="Template:以色列政治"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:以色列政治（页面不存在）"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:以色列政治"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>以色列政治</b>主要由<a href="/wiki/%E9%94%A1%E5%AE%89%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" class="mw-redirect" title="锡安主义">锡安主义</a>（犹太复国主义）政党所主导，传统上分为3个阵营，分别是<a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" class="mw-redirect" title="社会民主主义">社会民主主义</a>派别的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E9%BB%A8%E9%8C%AB%E5%AE%89%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="工黨錫安主義">工党锡安主义</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%AE%E6%AD%A3%E9%94%A1%E5%AE%89%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" class="mw-redirect" title="修正锡安主义">修正锡安主义</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E9%8C%AB%E5%AE%89%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="宗教錫安主義">宗教锡安主义</a>，其中前两者是最大庞大的。除此之外，以色列仍有若干非锡安主义的政治派别，如<a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E6%AD%A3%E7%B5%B1%E6%B4%BE" title="猶太教正統派">犹太教正统派</a>政党、左翼联盟，甚至反锡安主义的以色列阿拉伯政党。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="政治形势"><span id=".E6.94.BF.E6.B2.BB.E5.BD.A2.E5.8A.BF"></span>政治形势</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：政治形势"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r85088369">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E4%BD%93%E5%88%B6" title="以色列政府体制">以色列政府体制</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Knesset_Building_(South_Side).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Knesset_Building_%28South_Side%29.JPG/220px-Knesset_Building_%28South_Side%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Knesset_Building_%28South_Side%29.JPG/330px-Knesset_Building_%28South_Side%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Knesset_Building_%28South_Side%29.JPG/440px-Knesset_Building_%28South_Side%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1345" data-file-height="570" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%83_(%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97)" class="mw-redirect" title="國會 (以色列)">以色列国会大厦</a></figcaption></figure> <p>前<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E6%80%BB%E7%90%86" title="以色列总理">以色列总理</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%9C%E5%B0%94%E8%BE%BE%C2%B7%E6%A2%85%E5%8E%84" title="果尔达·梅厄">果尔达·梅厄</a>（1969年至1974年在职），曾开玩笑说：“在以色列，有3百万总理<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 。”<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%83_(%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97)" class="mw-redirect" title="國會 (以色列)">以色列国会</a>采用了一种特殊的<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E4%BE%8B%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8%E5%88%B6" title="比例代表制">比例代表制</a>，整个国家是一个单一选区，这有助于形成大量政党，许多政党有着特定的支持群体，也代表了特定群体的利益。主流大党之间的平衡意味着小党可以有与其大小不相称的巨大影响力，常常有能力左右僵局，他们利用此点阻止立法，甚至推动自己的议程，并不顾与执政党的纲领相左。 </p><p>从1948年以色列建国到1977年5月选举约30年间，以色列一直由<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E5%9C%B0%E5%B7%A5%E4%BA%BA%E5%85%9A" title="以色列地工人党">以色列地工人党</a>或劳工联盟领衔的<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="联合政府">联合政府</a>执政，其中从1967年至1970年，由除两派<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E5%85%B1%E7%94%A2%E9%BB%A8" title="以色列共產黨">以色列共产党</a>之外的所有政党共同组成了大联合政府。1977年选举后，<a href="/wiki/%E9%94%A1%E5%AE%89%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" class="mw-redirect" title="锡安主义">修正锡安主义</a>派别的<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E5%BA%93%E5%BE%B7%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2" title="利库德集团">利库德集团</a>脱颖而出，与以色列宗教党和以色列正教党等共组联合政府。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87" title="非政府组织">非政府组织</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E4%B9%8B%E5%AE%B6" title="自由之家">自由之家</a>发布的<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E6%8C%87%E6%95%B0%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="自由指数列表">世界自由状况</a>中，会评价每个国家的民主和政治自由程度，2013年度报告中，以色列被列为中东及北非地区唯一的自由国家。<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1996年后的总理及政府"><span id="1996.E5.B9.B4.E5.90.8E.E7.9A.84.E6.80.BB.E7.90.86.E5.8F.8A.E6.94.BF.E5.BA.9C"></span>1996年后的总理及政府</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：1996年后的总理及政府"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85088369"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">参见：<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E6%80%BB%E7%90%86" title="以色列总理">以色列总理</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="以色列历史">以色列历史</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="内塔尼亚胡（1996年－1999年）"><span id=".E5.86.85.E5.A1.94.E5.B0.BC.E4.BA.9A.E8.83.A1.EF.BC.881996.E5.B9.B4.EF.BC.8D1999.E5.B9.B4.EF.BC.89"></span><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E9%9B%85%E6%98%8E%C2%B7%E5%86%85%E5%A1%94%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E8%83%A1" title="本雅明·内塔尼亚胡">内塔尼亚胡</a>（1996年－1999年）</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：内塔尼亚胡（1996年－1999年）"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1996年以色列总理首次由直选产生，<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E5%BA%93%E5%BE%B7%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2" title="利库德集团">利库德集团</a>领袖<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E9%9B%85%E6%98%8E%C2%B7%E5%86%85%E5%A1%94%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E8%83%A1" title="本雅明·内塔尼亚胡">本雅明·内塔尼亚胡</a>以微弱优势取胜，在竞选中，他曾尖锐的批评<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%92%99%C2%B7%E4%BD%A9%E9%9B%B7%E6%96%AF" title="希蒙·佩雷斯">希蒙·佩雷斯</a>政府的和平政策未能保护以色列的安全。内坦尼亚胡随后组建了右翼主导的联合政府，并公开致力于履行<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E6%96%AF%E9%99%B8%E5%8D%94%E5%AE%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="奧斯陸協定">奥斯陆协定</a>，但需要在互动以及确保安全的前提下。内塔尼亚胡的执政联盟以自己的利库德集团为班底，联合了同为右翼的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BD%90%E6%A2%85%E7%89%B9%E5%85%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="佐梅特党（页面不存在）">佐梅特党</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%A9%8B%E9%BB%A8" class="mw-disambig" title="橋黨">桥党</a>，以及3个宗教锡安主义党派沙斯党、国家宗教党和<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E7%B6%93%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="聖經猶太教聯盟">圣经犹太教联盟</a>，还包括2个中间党派<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E6%9D%A1%E9%81%93%E8%B7%AF%E5%85%9A(%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="第三条道路党(以色列)（页面不存在）">第三条道路党</a>和明确宣称代表俄罗斯移民利益的以色列巴阿里亚党，1998年1月，随着桥党党首<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E5%8D%AB%60%E6%9D%8E%E7%BB%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="大卫`李维（页面不存在）">大卫`李维</a>辞去外交部长，桥党退出联合政府。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="巴拉克（1999年－2001年）"><span id=".E5.B7.B4.E6.8B.89.E5.85.8B.EF.BC.881999.E5.B9.B4.EF.BC.8D2001.E5.B9.B4.EF.BC.89"></span><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E8%83%A1%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%B7%B4%E6%8B%89%E5%85%8B" title="埃胡德·巴拉克">巴拉克</a>（1999年－2001年）</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：巴拉克（1999年－2001年）"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1999年5月27日，<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%9A" title="以色列工党">以色列工党</a>联合了<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A2%85%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="梅马党（页面不存在）">梅马党</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%A9%8B%E9%BB%A8" class="mw-disambig" title="橋黨">桥党</a>的劳工联盟<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BB%9F%E4%B8%80%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="统一以色列（页面不存在）">统一以色列</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E8%83%A1%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%B7%B4%E6%8B%89%E5%85%8B" title="埃胡德·巴拉克">埃胡德·巴拉克</a>选举获胜，出任总理，也选择组建联合政府，包括了由两名退役将军<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E8%90%A8%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E8%8E%AB%E5%BE%B7%E6%9F%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊萨克·莫德柴（页面不存在）">伊萨克·莫德柴</a>和<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E4%BE%AC%C2%B7%E5%88%A9%E6%99%AE%E9%87%91-%E6%B2%99%E5%93%88%E5%85%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿侬·利普金-沙哈克（页面不存在）">阿侬·利普金-沙哈克</a>组建的中间派新党<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E9%97%B4%E5%85%9A" class="mw-disambig" title="中间党">中间党</a>，左翼政党<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A2%85%E7%91%9E%E5%85%B9%E5%85%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="梅瑞兹党（页面不存在）">梅瑞兹党</a>和以色列巴阿里亚党，以及宗教锡安主义党派沙斯党和国家宗教党。联合政府决心继续谈判，两年里，大多数党派退出了联合政府，使得工党和中间党成为少数政府，巴拉克不得不宣布提前大选，这是唯一一次不与国会选举同时进行的总理选举。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="沙龙（2001年－2006年）"><span id=".E6.B2.99.E9.BE.99.EF.BC.882001.E5.B9.B4.EF.BC.8D2006.E5.B9.B4.EF.BC.89"></span><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E9%87%8C%E5%9F%83%E5%8B%92%C2%B7%E6%B2%99%E9%BE%99" title="阿里埃勒·沙龙">沙龙</a>（2001年－2006年）</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：沙龙（2001年－2006年）"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>2001年2月17日，选举产生了新一届的大联合政府，由利库德集团党首<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E9%87%8C%E5%9F%83%E5%8B%92%C2%B7%E6%B2%99%E9%BE%99" title="阿里埃勒·沙龙">阿里埃勒·沙龙</a>出任总理，并联合了工党，但工党后退出联合政府，2003年1月28日重新举行大选。 </p><p>选举中，沙龙再度获胜，并基于选举结果，沙龙得以组建一个右翼政府，包含了利库德集团、<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9%E9%BB%A8" class="mw-disambig" title="改革黨">改革党</a>、国家宗教党和国家联盟，本届联合政府致力于打击恐怖主义以改善以色列的安全状况，同时应对经济萧条。之后，沙龙推出了<a href="/w/index.php?title=2004%E5%B9%B4%E8%84%B1%E7%A6%BB%E8%AE%A1%E5%88%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2004年脱离计划（页面不存在）">2004年脱离计划</a>，包括了从在巴勒斯坦控制区的定居点撤离，特别是<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%B2%99%E5%9C%B0%E5%B8%A6" title="加沙地带">加沙地带</a>，导致了国家宗教党和国家联盟退出了联合政府。沙龙试图将正统派圣经犹太教联盟加入联合政府，而将改革党赶出联合政府，迫使沙龙不得不将工党拉进联合政府。 </p><p>因并非所有利库德成员都支持沙龙的的单边行动计划，沙龙在国会难以形成固定的多数。显而易见，沙龙拥有超越其政党的的威望，2005年11月21日，沙龙退出利库德集团，并组建个人的新政党<a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D%E8%BF%9B%E5%85%9A_(%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97)" class="mw-redirect" title="前进党 (以色列)">前进党</a>。几天之后，前任总理<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%92%99%C2%B7%E4%BD%A9%E9%9B%B7%E6%96%AF" title="希蒙·佩雷斯">希蒙·佩雷斯</a>也脱离工党，加入沙龙。这是以色列政坛一次剧烈的重新洗牌，之前的左右两派共组了一个拥有强大支持的中间派政党，并非之前那种没有足够声望和人气的中间派政党。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="奥尔默特（2006年－2009年）"><span id=".E5.A5.A5.E5.B0.94.E9.BB.98.E7.89.B9.EF.BC.882006.E5.B9.B4.EF.BC.8D2009.E5.B9.B4.EF.BC.89"></span><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E8%83%A1%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%A5%A5%E5%B0%94%E9%BB%98%E7%89%B9" title="埃胡德·奥尔默特">奥尔默特</a>（2006年－2009年）</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：奥尔默特（2006年－2009年）"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>2006年1月4日，总理沙龙因严重的中风陷入昏迷，<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E8%83%A1%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%A5%A5%E5%B0%94%E9%BB%98%E7%89%B9" title="埃胡德·奥尔默特">埃胡德·奥尔默特</a>作为代理总理接掌了政府，并在沙龙无法履职的100天后成为临时总理。由于3月即将大选并产生新届政府，奥尔默特在大选前没有成为正式总理。 </p><p>2006年3月<a href="/wiki/2006%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E5%9B%BD%E4%BC%9A%E9%80%89%E4%B8%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="2006年以色列国会选举">大选</a>后，前进党在国会中占据最多席位，奥尔默特成为总理，他组建了占据67个议席的联合政府，除前进党外，海包括了工党、沙斯党和吉尔党。2006年11月，占据11个议席的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E6%98%AF%E6%88%91%E4%BB%AC%E7%9A%84%E5%AE%B6%E5%9B%AD" title="以色列是我们的家园">以色列家园党</a>也加入了联合政府，但在2008年1月再度退出。面对反对派越来越多的腐败指控，奥尔默特宣布不寻求连任。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="内塔尼亚胡（2009年-2021年）"><span id=".E5.86.85.E5.A1.94.E5.B0.BC.E4.BA.9A.E8.83.A1.EF.BC.882009.E5.B9.B4-2021.E5.B9.B4.EF.BC.89"></span><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E9%9B%85%E6%98%8E%C2%B7%E5%86%85%E5%A1%94%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E8%83%A1" title="本雅明·内塔尼亚胡">内塔尼亚胡</a>（2009年-2021年）</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：内塔尼亚胡（2009年-2021年）"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在2009年3月31日，尽管前进党在选票上略多于内坦尼亚胡的利库德集团，但国会任命了<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E9%9B%85%E6%98%8E%C2%B7%E5%86%85%E5%A1%94%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E8%83%A1" title="本雅明·内塔尼亚胡">本雅明·内塔尼亚胡</a>为总理。4年后国会选举中，利库德以色列家园党再度获得最多议席，3月19日，内坦尼亚胡继续出任总理。新的联合政府加入了<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AA%E4%BE%86%E9%BB%A8" class="mw-disambig" title="未來黨">未来党</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA%E5%AE%B6%E5%9C%92" title="猶太人家園">犹太人家园</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95_(%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97)" title="運動 (以色列)">运动党</a>，还有极端正统派政党。2年后的以色列国会大选，内坦尼亚胡成功连任，组建了以利库德集团为主的联合政府，包括了犹太人家园、沙斯党、圣经犹太教联盟等政党。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="政党与选举"><span id=".E6.94.BF.E5.85.9A.E4.B8.8E.E9.80.89.E4.B8.BE"></span>政党与选举</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：政党与选举"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85088369"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">参见：<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E6%94%BF%E9%BB%A8%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="以色列政黨列表">以色列政党列表</a></div> <p>与其他国家相比较，考虑到以色列的人口规模，以色列参选的政党数量较多，各种小党都能在国会赢得议席，使得国会议席相当分散，很难有一个政党能获取60个以上的过半数议席从而独立组阁。 </p><p>这种体制下，一些边缘政党也得以存在，他们拥有独立于主流政治及社会共识之外的政治观点，在国会代表特定的利益群体。例如极端正统派政党，如吉尔党，在2006年选举中代表了退休人士的利益。 </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:right"> <tbody><tr> <th>政党 </th> <th>得票 </th> <th>% </th> <th>席位 </th> <th>+/– </th></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E5%BA%93%E5%BE%B7%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2" title="利库德集团">利库德集团</a></td> <td>985,408</td> <td>23.40</td> <td>30</td> <td>+12 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/%E9%8C%AB%E5%AE%89%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F" title="錫安主義聯盟">锡安主义联盟</a></td> <td>786,313</td> <td>18.67</td> <td>24</td> <td>+3<sup>a</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E5%90%8C%E5%90%8D%E5%8D%95" title="共同名单">共同名单</a></td> <td>446,583</td> <td>10.61</td> <td>13</td> <td>+2<sup>b</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AA%E4%BE%86%E9%BB%A8" class="mw-disambig" title="未來黨">未来党</a></td> <td>371,602</td> <td>8.82</td> <td>11</td> <td>–8 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%A8%E4%BD%93%E5%85%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="全体党（页面不存在）">全体党</a></td> <td>315,360</td> <td>7.49</td> <td>10</td> <td>新党派 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA%E5%AE%B6%E5%9C%92" title="猶太人家園">犹太人家园</a></td> <td>283,910</td> <td>6.74</td> <td>8</td> <td>–4 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E6%96%AF%E5%85%9A" title="沙斯党">沙斯党</a></td> <td>241,613</td> <td>5.74</td> <td>7</td> <td>–4 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E6%98%AF%E6%88%91%E4%BB%AC%E7%9A%84%E5%AE%B6%E5%9B%AD" title="以色列是我们的家园">以色列是我们的家园</a></td> <td>214,906</td> <td>5.10</td> <td>6</td> <td>–7 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E7%B6%93%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="聖經猶太教聯盟">圣经犹太教联盟</a></td> <td>210,143</td> <td>4.99</td> <td>6</td> <td>–1 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%85%E9%9B%B7%E5%85%B9%E5%85%9A" title="梅雷兹党">梅雷兹党</a></td> <td>165,529</td> <td>3.93</td> <td>5</td> <td>–1 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%B1%E5%90%8C%E5%85%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="共同党（页面不存在）">共同党</a></td> <td>125,158</td> <td>2.97</td> <td>0</td> <td>新党派 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BB%BF%E5%8F%B6%E5%85%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="绿叶党（页面不存在）">绿叶党</a></td> <td>47,180</td> <td>1.12</td> <td>0</td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">阿拉伯阵线</td> <td>4,301</td> <td>0.11</td> <td>0</td> <td>新党派 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BB%BF%E5%85%9A(%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="绿党(以色列)（页面不存在）">绿党</a></td> <td>2,992</td> <td>0.07</td> <td>0</td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">朋友党</td> <td>2,493</td> <td>0.06</td> <td>0</td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%B3%E6%80%A7%E7%BE%8E%E5%BE%B7%E5%85%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="女性美德党（页面不存在）">女性美德党</a></td> <td>1,802</td> <td>0.04</td> <td>0</td> <td>新党派 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">变革希望党</td> <td>1,385</td> <td>0.03</td> <td>0</td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E7%9B%9C%E9%BB%A8" title="海盜黨">海盗党</a></td> <td>895</td> <td>0.02</td> <td>0</td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">花党</td> <td>823</td> <td>0.02</td> <td>0</td> <td>新党派 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B8%E4%B9%85%E5%85%AC%E7%BA%A6%E5%85%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="永久公约党（页面不存在）">永久公约党</a></td> <td>761</td> <td>0.02</td> <td>0</td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%89%E6%98%8E%E5%85%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="光明党（页面不存在）">光明党</a></td> <td>502</td> <td>0.01</td> <td>0</td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">尊严党</td> <td>423</td> <td>0.01</td> <td>0</td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">经济党</td> <td>337</td> <td>0.01</td> <td>0</td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">民主党</td> <td>242</td> <td>0.01</td> <td>0</td> <td>新党派 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">社会领袖</td> <td>223</td> <td>0.01</td> <td>0</td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">空票及无效票</td> <td>43,854</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>– </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><b>合计</b></td> <td><b>4,254,738</b></td> <td><b>100</b></td> <td><b>120</b></td> <td>– </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">注册选民</td> <td>5,881,696</td> <td>72.34</td> <td>–</td> <td>– </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left" colspan="5">来源: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150318200737/http://www.votes20.gov.il/">CEC</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="其他政治社团"><span id=".E5.85.B6.E4.BB.96.E6.94.BF.E6.B2.BB.E7.A4.BE.E5.9B.A2"></span>其他政治社团</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：其他政治社团"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84913072"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="width:17.0em;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Category:%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA" title="Category:猶太">系列</a>条目</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="padding:0 0.2em; font-size:180%; font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="犹太人">犹太人</a><small>和</small><a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99" title="犹太教">犹太教</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Star_of_David.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Star of David"><img alt="Star of David" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/55px-Star_of_David.svg.png" decoding="async" width="55" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/83px-Star_of_David.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/110px-Star_of_David.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="693" /></a></span><span style="padding-left: 15px;"> </span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Menora.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Menorah"><img alt="Menorah" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Menora.svg/55px-Menora.svg.png" decoding="async" width="55" height="47" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Menora.svg/83px-Menora.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Menora.svg/110px-Menora.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="732" data-file-height="621" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0px 5px 5px 5px;"> <a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="犹太人">詞源</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%B0%81%E6%98%AF%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA%EF%BC%9F" title="谁是犹太人？">谁是犹太人？</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96" title="犹太文化">文化</a></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color:#0645AD; font-weight:normal; border-top:1px solid #aaa; background:transparent; text-align:left; padding-left:5px; padding-top:3px;">先祖</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E4%BC%AF%E6%8B%89%E7%BD%95" title="亞伯拉罕">亞伯拉罕</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E6%92%92" title="以撒">以撒</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E5%90%84_(%E8%88%8A%E7%B4%84%E8%81%96%E7%B6%93)" title="雅各 (舊約聖經)">雅各</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%84%E7%91%9F_(%E8%88%8A%E7%B4%84%E8%81%96%E7%B6%93)" title="約瑟 (舊約聖經)">約瑟</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E8%A5%BF" title="摩西">摩西</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%A1%9B%E7%8E%8B" title="大衛王">大衛</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%89%80%E7%BE%85%E9%96%80" title="所羅門">所羅門</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color:#0645AD; font-weight:normal; border-top:1px solid #aaa; background:transparent; text-align:left; padding-left:5px; padding-top:3px;">历史</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="犹太人历史">犹太人历史</a>／<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="以色列历史">以色列历史</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E4%BA%BA" title="以色列人">以色列人</a>／<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C%E6%94%AF%E6%B4%BE" title="以色列十二支派">十二支派</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B_(%E5%89%8D%E6%9C%9F)" title="以色列王國 (前期)">以色列王國</a><br /><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B_(%E5%BE%8C%E6%9C%9F)" title="以色列王國 (後期)">北國以色列</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%B1%E8%B9%A4%E7%9A%84%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E5%8D%81%E6%94%AF%E6%B4%BE" title="失蹤的以色列十支派">失蹤的十支派</a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%A7%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B" title="猶大王國">南國猶大</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA%E5%A4%A7%E5%B1%A0%E6%AE%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="猶太人大屠殺">猶太人大屠殺</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color:#0645AD; font-weight:normal; border-top:1px solid #aaa; background:transparent; text-align:left; padding-left:5px; padding-top:3px;">典籍與文獻</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E8%AA%A1" title="十誡">十誡</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E7%B4%8D%E8%B5%AB" title="塔納赫">塔納赫</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E6%9C%A8%E5%BE%B7" title="塔木德">塔木德</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E5%BE%B7%E6%8B%89%E4%BB%80" title="米德拉什">米德拉什</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E6%9B%B8%E6%8B%BF" title="米書拿">米書拿</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%A9%E9%A6%AC%E6%8B%89" title="革馬拉">革馬拉</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color:#0645AD; font-weight:normal; border-top:1px solid #aaa; background:transparent; text-align:left; padding-left:5px; padding-top:3px;">節日</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E4%BC%AF%E4%BE%86%E6%9B%86" title="希伯來曆">希伯來曆</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%83%E4%B8%83%E7%AF%80" title="七七節">七七節</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%BE%E8%B6%8A%E7%AF%80" title="逾越節">逾越節</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E6%81%AF%E6%97%A5" title="安息日">安息日</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%8F%E6%A3%9A%E7%AF%80" title="住棚節">住棚節</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%96%E7%BD%AA%E6%97%A5" title="贖罪日">贖罪節</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E7%8F%A5%E7%AF%80" title="普珥節">普珥節</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E6%98%8E%E8%8A%82" title="光明节">光明节</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color:#0645AD; font-weight:normal; border-top:1px solid #aaa; background:transparent; text-align:left; padding-left:5px; padding-top:3px;">教派</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E6%AD%A3%E7%B5%B1%E6%B4%BE" title="猶太教正統派">正统派</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E4%BF%9D%E5%AE%88%E6%B4%BE" title="猶太教保守派">保守派</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9%E6%B4%BE" title="猶太教改革派">改革派</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E9%80%A0%E6%B4%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="重造派">重造派</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color:#0645AD; font-weight:normal; border-top:1px solid #aaa; background:transparent; text-align:left; padding-left:5px; padding-top:3px;">圣地</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7" title="耶路撒冷">耶路撒冷</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%BE%BE" title="马萨达">马萨达</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color:#0645AD; font-weight:normal; border-top:1px solid #aaa; background:transparent; text-align:left; padding-left:5px; padding-top:3px;">建築</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-bottom:0.6em;;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%E8%81%96%E6%AE%BF" title="耶路撒冷聖殿">聖殿</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E6%9C%83%E5%A0%82" title="猶太會堂">猶太會堂</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="line-height:1.6"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Jew" title="Template:Jew"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Jew" class="mw-redirect" title="Template talk:Jew"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:Jew" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:Jew"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>以色列处于独特的政治环境，难以用通用<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E5%85%89%E8%AD%9C" title="政治光譜">政治光谱</a>进行简单的归类，一个政治团体有时会左右摇摆，特别是在国际政坛，取决于其在<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E4%BB%A5%E5%86%B2%E7%AA%81" title="阿以冲突">阿以冲突</a>问题上所持的立场。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="右翼"><span id=".E5.8F.B3.E7.BF.BC"></span>右翼</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：右翼"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B3%E6%B4%BE" title="右派">右翼</a>的知名例子有： </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%A0%E4%BF%A1%E7%A4%BE%E7%BE%A4" title="忠信社群">忠信社群</a>，一些以色列民族主义者，拥护犹太人在<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E6%97%A6%E6%B2%B3%E8%A5%BF%E5%B2%B8%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="约旦河西岸地区">约旦河西岸地区</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%B2%99%E5%9C%B0%E5%B8%A6" title="加沙地带">加沙地带</a>定居，反对从上述定居点撤离。（现大部分解散）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E5%AE%9A%E5%B1%85%E7%82%B9%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="以色列定居点委员会（页面不存在）">以色列定居点委员会</a>，占领区当地办事人员的松散组织，声称代表<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E6%97%A6%E6%B2%B3%E8%A5%BF%E5%B2%B8%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="约旦河西岸地区">约旦河西岸地区</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%B2%99%E5%9C%B0%E5%B8%A6" title="加沙地带">加沙地带</a>定居者的利益，在社区有组织性且活跃，有影响力。（大部解散）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%A5%E5%B0%94%E9%A9%AC%E6%A0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="奥尔马格（页面不存在）">奥尔马格</a>，恐怖主义受害者组织的联合会。</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%BA%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E4%BF%A1%E4%BC%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="强以色列信众（页面不存在）">强以色列信众</a>，一个以色列学院派社群，反对巴勒斯坦建国，关注以色列的安全和犹太性。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="左翼"><span id=".E5.B7.A6.E7.BF.BC"></span>左翼</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：左翼"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A6%E6%B4%BE" title="左派">左翼</a>传统上在以色列学术界、文化界和商界精英中较受欢迎和支持。<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%92%8C%E5%B9%B3%E5%BD%93%E4%B8%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="和平当下（页面不存在）">和平当下</a>，支持在<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E6%97%A6%E6%B2%B3%E8%A5%BF%E5%B2%B8%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="约旦河西岸地区">约旦河西岸地区</a>占领区让步。</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E5%86%85%E7%93%A6%E5%80%A1%E8%AE%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="日内瓦倡议（页面不存在）">日内瓦倡议</a>和<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E4%B9%8B%E5%A3%B0(%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="人民之声(以色列)（页面不存在）">人民之声</a>，两个由以色列和巴勒斯坦公众人物领导的和平倡议组织，2004年出现，基于双方方非官方的双边谅解协议，并提出了永久性和平协议的方案。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E7%B8%BD%E5%B7%A5%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="以色列總工會">以色列总工会</a>，基于许多劳工联盟的伞形组织，曾被认为是工党的另外一种组织形式。</li> <li>非暴力不合作运动，几个激进的左翼组织号召士兵们拒绝在约旦河西岸和加沙地区服役，比较著名的有“敢于拒绝”和“凡事有个极限”。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E6%96%97%E4%BA%89%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8" title="社会主义斗争运动">社会主义斗争运动</a>，反对私有化，为工人和年轻人对面日益恶化的情况而斗争。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="中间派"><span id=".E4.B8.AD.E9.97.B4.E6.B4.BE"></span>中间派</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：中间派"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在国会，<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E9%97%B4%E6%B4%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="中间派">中间派</a>的代表是<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AA%E4%BE%86%E9%BB%A8" class="mw-disambig" title="未來黨">未来党</a>和<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BA%93%E6%8B%89%E8%AF%BA%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="库拉诺集团（页面不存在）">库拉诺集团</a>，曾经在国会取得议席的中间派还有<a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D%E8%BF%9B%E5%85%9A_(%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97)" class="mw-redirect" title="前进党 (以色列)">前进党</a>和<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%89%E5%B0%94%E5%85%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="吉尔党（页面不存在）">吉尔党</a>。中间派既有右翼对与巴勒斯坦和阿拉伯国家谈判的价值缺乏信心的一面，也有认同左翼从约旦河西岸撤离的一面，结果是，中间派支持在约旦河西岸采取的单边行动，如修建隔离墙和单边脱离行动，并同时继续军事行动，如选择性刺杀政策，以打击恐怖主义。经济方面，中间派是自由主义者，支持经济自由主义，持有资本主义主张。最近，中间派在国会影响力相对较小，很难超过15个议席，一些在2届国会内逐渐瓦解，如变革民主运动、中间党和改革党。另外一些中间派政党偏离了中间路线，倒向一边，或分流到两大主要政党，如社会民主党，<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E6%B3%BD%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E9%AD%8F%E8%8C%A8%E6%9B%BC" title="埃泽尔·魏茨曼">埃泽尔·魏茨曼</a>的政党，于1987年并入<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%8C%E7%9B%9F%E5%85%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="同盟党（页面不存在）">同盟党</a>（即后来的工党）；特莱姆党，<a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E8%A5%BF%C2%B7%E8%BE%BE%E6%89%AC" title="摩西·达扬">摩西·达扬</a>的政党，最后分裂到同盟党和利库德集团；独立自由党，也并入同盟党；<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E5%A4%8D%E5%9B%BD%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E5%85%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太复国主义党（页面不存在）">犹太复国主义党</a>，与希鲁特一同创建了嘎哈党，即利库德集团的前身。 </p><p>另外有一些政党不认为自身属于左右任何一派，便将其归入中间派，如<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%A0%E9%BB%A8_(%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97)" title="綠黨 (以色列)">绿党</a>，主要关注环境议题，至今未能在国会取得任何席位。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="利益集团"><span id=".E5.88.A9.E7.9B.8A.E9.9B.86.E5.9B.A2"></span>利益集团</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节：利益集团"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>农业游说团体，寻求获得补贴和减免水税费。</li> <li>促进妇女地位的游说团体，与国会合作的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%B3%E6%80%A7%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" class="mw-redirect" title="女性主义">女性主义</a>团体。</li> <li>释放<a href="/wiki/%E5%96%AC%E7%B4%8D%E6%A3%AE%C2%B7%E6%B3%A2%E6%8B%89%E5%BE%B7" title="喬納森·波拉德">乔纳森·波拉德</a>的游说团体，一个将泄露本国秘密给以色列的美国政府雇员.</li> <li>绿灯组织，一个致力于减少道路交通事故的组织，主张手段包括教育、执法、改善基础设施等，并希望建立一支专职研究和制定计划的国家工作队。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="其他"><span id=".E5.85.B6.E4.BB.96"></span>其他</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB&action=edit&section=14" title="编辑章节：其他"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>显赫的<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E6%AF%94" title="拉比">拉比</a>对一些政党和政客有相当大的影响，尤其是沙斯党和<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E7%B6%93%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="聖經猶太教聯盟">圣经犹太教联盟</a>。</li> <li>极端正统犹太教社团，反<a href="/wiki/%E9%94%A1%E5%AE%89%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" class="mw-redirect" title="锡安主义">锡安主义</a>组织，主要分布在<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7" title="耶路撒冷">耶路撒冷</a>，反对世俗化。</li> <li>以色列阿拉伯人观察委员会，一个阿拉伯人社团，声称代表<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E8%A3%94%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E4%BA%BA" title="阿拉伯裔以色列人">阿拉伯裔以色列人</a>利益，倾向于分离主义，本占大多数的犹太人视为敌人，政治影响很小。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="主要政治议题"><span id=".E4.B8.BB.E8.A6.81.E6.94.BF.E6.B2.BB.E8.AE.AE.E9.A2.98"></span>主要政治议题</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB&action=edit&section=15" title="编辑章节：主要政治议题"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E4%BB%A5%E5%86%B2%E7%AA%81" class="mw-redirect" title="巴以冲突">巴以冲突</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E4%BB%A5%E5%86%B2%E7%AA%81" title="阿以冲突">阿以冲突</a></li> <li>与犹太人宗教活动的关系</li> <li>以色列国家性质的问题（如何代表犹太教，如何代表世俗民主）</li> <li>经济和社会议题</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考资料"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E8.B5.84.E6.96.99"></span>参考资料</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB&action=edit&section=16" title="编辑章节：参考资料"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://latitude.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/12/01/a-libel-law-and-balancing-act/">Latitude: A Libel Law and a Balancing Act</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20151011194223/http://latitude.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/12/01/a-libel-law-and-balancing-act/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）, <i>New York Times</i>, 1 December 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jpost.com/NationalNews/Article.aspx?id=300287">US watchdog: Israel is Mideast’s only 'free' state</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20130317135214/http://www.jpost.com/NationalNews/Article.aspx?id=300287">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）. Jpost. January 2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2015/03/14/world/middleeast/ap-ml-israel-election-analysis.html">AP Analysis: In Fractured Israel, All Electoral Bets Are Off</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2015-07-10</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150402195615/http://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2015/03/14/world/middleeast/ap-ml-israel-election-analysis.html">存档</a>于2015-04-02）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB&rft.btitle=AP+Analysis%3A+In+Fractured+Israel%2C+All+Electoral+Bets+Are+Off&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Faponline%2F2015%2F03%2F14%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2Fap-ml-israel-election-analysis.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2015/02/24/world/middleeast/ap-ml-israel-election.html">Israeli Challenger Herzog a Determined Underdog</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2015-07-10</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150403011733/http://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2015/02/24/world/middleeast/ap-ml-israel-election.html">存档</a>于2015-04-03）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB&rft.btitle=Israeli+Challenger+Herzog+a+Determined+Underdog&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Faponline%2F2015%2F02%2F24%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2Fap-ml-israel-election.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部連結"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.80.A3.E7.B5.90"></span>外部連結</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB&action=edit&section=17" title="编辑章节：外部連結"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150714035817/http://www.gov.il/firstgov/english">以色列政府官方網站</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060818011042/http://www.mfa.gov.il/mfa">以色列外交部</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pmo.gov.il/PMOEng">以色列總理辦公室</a>（<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150714103359/http://www.pmo.gov.il/PMOEng">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.idf.il/">以色列國防軍網站</a>（<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20050204062513/http://www.idf.il/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.facebook.com/chinese.visit.israel">以色列觀光</a>（<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20190222125822/http://www.facebook.com/chinese.visit.israel">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070509004001/https://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/">CIA世界概況</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.knesset.gov.il/">Knesset（以色列國會）</a>（<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150721033412/http://www.knesset.gov.il/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84261037">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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alt="中华人民共和国" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" title="Template:中华人民共和国政治">中华人民共和国</a>（<span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF" title="香港"><img alt="香港" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/22px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/33px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/44px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Template:%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" title="Template:香港政治">香港</a><sup><small>2</small></sup> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E9%96%80" title="澳門"><img alt="澳門" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Flag_of_Macau.svg/22px-Flag_of_Macau.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Flag_of_Macau.svg/33px-Flag_of_Macau.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Flag_of_Macau.svg/44px-Flag_of_Macau.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%BE%B3%E9%96%80%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" title="Template:澳門政治">澳門</a><sup><small>2</small></sup>） ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B" title="中華民國"><img alt="中華民國" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, 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href="/wiki/Template:%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" title="Template:日本政治">日本</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="朝鲜民主主义人民共和国"><img alt="朝鲜民主主义人民共和国" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/22px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/33px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/44px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" title="Template:朝鲜政治">朝鮮民主主義人民共和國</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%9F%A9%E6%B0%91%E5%9B%BD" title="大韩民国"><img alt="大韩民国" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/22px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/33px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/44px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Template:%E9%9F%93%E5%9C%8B%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" title="Template:韓國政治">大韓民國</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E5%9B%BD" title="蒙古国"><img alt="蒙古国" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Mongolia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Mongolia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Mongolia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Mongolia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Mongolia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Mongolia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:蒙古国政治（页面不存在）">蒙古</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%9A" title="东南亚">东南亚</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E5%B8%9D%E6%B1%B6" title="东帝汶"><img alt="东帝汶" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_East_Timor.svg/22px-Flag_of_East_Timor.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_East_Timor.svg/33px-Flag_of_East_Timor.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_East_Timor.svg/44px-Flag_of_East_Timor.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%B8%9C%E5%B8%9D%E6%B1%B6%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" title="Template:东帝汶政治">東帝汶</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%B2%E5%BE%8B%E5%AE%BE" title="菲律宾"><img alt="菲律宾" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Template:%E8%8F%B2%E5%BE%8B%E8%B3%93%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" title="Template:菲律賓政治">菲律宾</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%AC%E5%9F%94%E5%AF%A8" title="柬埔寨"><img alt="柬埔寨" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%9F%AC%E5%9F%94%E5%AF%A8%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" title="Template:柬埔寨政治">柬埔寨</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%81%E6%8C%9D" title="老挝"><img alt="老挝" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/22px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/33px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/44px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Template:%E8%80%81%E6%8C%9D%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" title="Template:老挝政治">老挝</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A" title="马来西亚"><img alt="马来西亚" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Template:%E9%A6%AC%E4%BE%86%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" title="Template:馬來西亞政治">马来西亚</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BC%85%E7%94%B8" title="缅甸"><img alt="缅甸" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/22px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/33px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/44px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Template:%E7%B7%AC%E7%94%B8%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" title="Template:緬甸政治">缅甸</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E5%9B%BD" title="泰国"><img alt="泰国" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/22px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/33px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/44px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%B3%B0%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" title="Template:泰国政治">泰国</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%B6%E8%90%8A" title="汶萊"><img alt="汶萊" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/44px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="720" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%B1%B6%E8%8E%B1%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" title="Template:汶莱政治">文莱</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%8A%A0%E5%9D%A1" title="新加坡"><img alt="新加坡" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/22px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/33px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/44px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%96%B0%E5%8A%A0%E5%9D%A1%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" title="Template:新加坡政治">新加坡</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97" title="越南"><img alt="越南" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/22px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/33px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/44px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Template:%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" title="Template:越南政治">越南</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%B0%BC%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A" title="印度尼西亚"><img alt="印度尼西亚" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%8D%B0%E5%B0%BC%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" title="Template:印尼政治">印度尼西亚</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%B8%83%E4%BA%9A%E6%96%B0%E5%87%A0%E5%86%85%E4%BA%9A" title="巴布亚新几内亚"><img alt="巴布亚新几内亚" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg/22px-Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg/33px-Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg/44px-Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="450" /></a></span></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:%E5%B7%B4%E5%B8%83%E4%BA%9A%E6%96%B0%E5%87%A0%E5%86%85%E4%BA%9A%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:巴布亚新几内亚政治（页面不存在）">巴布亞紐幾內亞</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E8%AF%9E%E5%B2%9B" title="圣诞岛"><img alt="圣诞岛" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Flag_of_Christmas_Island.svg/22px-Flag_of_Christmas_Island.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Flag_of_Christmas_Island.svg/33px-Flag_of_Christmas_Island.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Flag_of_Christmas_Island.svg/44px-Flag_of_Christmas_Island.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="256" /></a></span></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:%E8%81%96%E8%AA%95%E5%B3%B6%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:聖誕島政治（页面不存在）">聖誕島</a><sup><small>2</small></sup> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E7%A7%91%E6%96%AF%EF%BC%88%E5%9F%BA%E6%9E%97%EF%BC%89%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" title="科科斯（基林）群島"><img alt="科科斯（基林）群島" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Flag_of_the_Cocos_%28Keeling%29_Islands.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Cocos_%28Keeling%29_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Flag_of_the_Cocos_%28Keeling%29_Islands.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Cocos_%28Keeling%29_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Flag_of_the_Cocos_%28Keeling%29_Islands.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Cocos_%28Keeling%29_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:%E7%A7%91%E7%A7%91%E6%96%AF%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:科科斯群島政治（页面不存在）">科科斯（基林）群島</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%9A" title="南亚">南亚</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E4%B8%B9" title="不丹"><img alt="不丹" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Flag_of_Bhutan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Bhutan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Flag_of_Bhutan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Bhutan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Flag_of_Bhutan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Bhutan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%B8%8D%E4%B8%B9%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" title="Template:不丹政治">不丹</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%9F%BA%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="巴基斯坦"><img alt="巴基斯坦" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%B7%B4%E5%9F%BA%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" title="Template:巴基斯坦政治">巴基斯坦</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%94%E4%BB%A3%E5%A4%AB" title="马尔代夫"><img alt="马尔代夫" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Maldives.svg/22px-Flag_of_Maldives.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Maldives.svg/33px-Flag_of_Maldives.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Maldives.svg/44px-Flag_of_Maldives.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%94%E4%BB%A3%E5%A4%AB%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:马尔代夫政治（页面不存在）">馬爾代夫</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%9F%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%89%E5%9B%BD" title="孟加拉国"><img alt="孟加拉国" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/22px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/33px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/44px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:%E5%AD%9F%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%89%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:孟加拉国政治（页面不存在）">孟加拉国</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E6%B3%8A%E5%B0%94" title="尼泊尔"><img alt="尼泊尔" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/16px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/25px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/33px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="726" data-file-height="885" /></a></span></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:%E5%B0%BC%E6%B3%8A%E5%B0%94%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:尼泊尔政治（页面不存在）">尼泊尔</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E9%87%8C%E8%98%AD%E5%8D%A1" title="斯里蘭卡"><img alt="斯里蘭卡" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/22px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/33px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/44px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%96%AF%E9%87%8C%E8%98%AD%E5%8D%A1%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" title="Template:斯里蘭卡政治">斯里兰卡</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6" title="印度"><img alt="印度" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/22px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/33px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/44px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" title="Template:印度政治">印度</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%B1%AC%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%B4%8B%E9%A0%98%E5%9C%B0" title="英屬印度洋領地"><img alt="英屬印度洋領地" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_the_Commissioner_of_the_British_Indian_Ocean_Territory.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Commissioner_of_the_British_Indian_Ocean_Territory.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_the_Commissioner_of_the_British_Indian_Ocean_Territory.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Commissioner_of_the_British_Indian_Ocean_Territory.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_the_Commissioner_of_the_British_Indian_Ocean_Territory.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Commissioner_of_the_British_Indian_Ocean_Territory.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:%E8%8B%B1%E5%B1%AC%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%B4%8B%E9%A0%98%E5%9C%B0%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:英屬印度洋領地政治（页面不存在）">英屬印度洋領地</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%BA%9A" title="中亚">中亚</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E8%90%A8%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="哈萨克斯坦"><img alt="哈萨克斯坦" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%93%88%E8%90%A8%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" title="Template:哈萨克斯坦政治">哈萨克斯坦</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E5%B0%94%E5%90%89%E6%96%AF%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="吉尔吉斯斯坦"><img alt="吉尔吉斯斯坦" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:%E5%90%89%E5%B0%94%E5%90%89%E6%96%AF%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:吉尔吉斯斯坦政治（页面不存在）">吉尔吉斯斯坦</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E5%90%89%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="塔吉克斯坦"><img alt="塔吉克斯坦" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%A1%94%E5%90%89%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" title="Template:塔吉克斯坦政治">塔吉克斯坦</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%BA%93%E6%9B%BC%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="土库曼斯坦"><img alt="土库曼斯坦" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%9C%9F%E5%BA%93%E6%9B%BC%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" title="Template:土库曼斯坦政治">土库曼斯坦</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%B9%E5%88%AB%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="乌兹别克斯坦"><img alt="乌兹别克斯坦" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%B9%E5%88%AB%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" title="Template:乌兹别克斯坦政治">乌兹别克斯坦</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A" title="西亚">西亚</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%AF%8C%E6%B1%97" title="阿富汗"><img alt="阿富汗" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" 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notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%A1%9E%E6%8B%9C%E7%96%86" title="阿塞拜疆"><img alt="阿塞拜疆" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Template:%E9%98%BF%E5%A1%9E%E6%8B%9C%E7%96%86%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" title="Template:阿塞拜疆政治">阿塞拜疆</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B8%83%E5%93%88%E8%8C%B2" title="阿布哈茲"><img alt="阿布哈茲" 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title="Template:卡塔尔政治">卡塔尔</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%A8%81%E7%89%B9" title="科威特"><img alt="科威特" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/22px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/33px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/44px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:%E7%A7%91%E5%A8%81%E7%89%B9%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:科威特政治（页面不存在）">科威特</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%8E%E5%B7%B4%E5%AB%A9" title="黎巴嫩"><img 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/33px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/44px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:%E4%BC%8A%E6%8B%89%E5%85%8B%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:伊拉克政治（页面不存在）">伊拉克</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%97" title="伊朗"><img alt="伊朗" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/22px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/33px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/44px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%97%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" title="Template:伊朗政治">伊朗</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97" title="以色列"><img alt="以色列" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/22px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/33px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/44px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" title="Template:以色列政治">以色列</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E6%97%A6" title="约旦"><img alt="约旦" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Template:%E7%B4%84%E6%97%A6%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" title="Template:約旦政治">约旦</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%BD%E6%99%AE%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF" title="賽普勒斯"><img alt="賽普勒斯" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/22px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/33px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/44px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:%E8%B3%BD%E6%99%AE%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:賽普勒斯政治（页面不存在）">賽普勒斯</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E8%B3%BD%E6%99%AE%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF" title="北賽普勒斯"><img alt="北賽普勒斯" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Flag_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Flag_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Flag_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E8%B3%BD%E6%99%AE%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="北賽普勒斯政治（页面不存在）">北賽普勒斯</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">标记说明</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">1：不被多数国家承认；<br />2：境外領土或特殊行政區域。</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="犹太人和犹太教" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA%E5%92%8C%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99" title="Template:犹太人和犹太教"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA%E5%92%8C%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99" title="Template talk:猶太人和猶太教"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA%E5%92%8C%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:犹太人和犹太教"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="犹太人和犹太教" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="犹太人">犹太人</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99" title="犹太教">犹太教</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">民系</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding：0.25em 0;line-height：1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E6%B3%95%E8%BF%AA%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="塞法迪犹太人">塞法迪犹太人</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%91%AA%E6%8B%89%E8%AB%BE" title="瑪拉諾">瑪拉諾</a>） ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E4%BB%80%E8%82%AF%E7%B4%8D%E8%8C%B2%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="阿什肯納茲猶太人">阿什肯納茲猶太人</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E5%85%B9%E6%8B%89%E5%B8%8C%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="米兹拉希犹太人">米兹拉希犹太人</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%A0%BC%E8%BE%BE%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="巴格达犹太人">巴格达</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E5%93%88%E6%8B%89%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="布哈拉猶太人">布哈拉</a>） ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%8A%A0%E7%B4%A2%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="高加索犹太人">高加索犹太人</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%8F%E6%9F%8F%E7%88%BE%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="柏柏爾猶太人">柏柏爾猶太人</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E6%A0%BC%E9%87%8C%E5%B8%83%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="馬格里布猶太人">馬格拉布猶太人</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%88%BE%E5%8F%8A%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E7%9A%84%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="阿爾及利亞的猶太人">阿爾及利亞的猶太人</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%92%92%E9%A6%AC%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E4%BA%BA" title="撒馬利亞人">撒馬利亞人</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">各地族群</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%91%89%E9%96%80%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="葉門猶太人">葉門</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E9%A6%AC%E5%8A%9B%E8%AB%BE%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="聖馬力諾猶太人">聖馬利諾</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B0%BC%E5%A5%A7%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="羅馬尼奧猶太人">東地中海</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="中國猶太人">中国大陆</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%80%E5%B0%81%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="开封犹太人">開封</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E6%B4%A5%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E7%A7%BB%E6%B0%91" title="天津犹太移民">天津</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="香港猶太人">香港</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E7%88%BE%E6%BF%B1%E5%83%91%E6%B0%91#猶太僑民" title="哈爾濱僑民">哈爾濱</a>） ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A8%E8%87%BA%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="在臺猶太人">臺灣</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%99%E8%B2%B7%E5%8A%A0%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="牙買加猶太人">牙買加</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E5%A7%86%E6%9F%A5%E5%85%8B%E4%BA%BA" title="克里姆查克人">克里米亞</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E4%B9%8B%E5%AD%90" title="以色列之子">印度</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%AF%E6%9E%9D%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="柯枝猶太人">印度喀拉拉邦</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%A4%E9%81%94%E4%BA%9E" title="阿巴尤達亞">烏干達</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%9D%E5%A1%94%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97" title="贝塔以色列">衣索比亞</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="日本猶太人">日本</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B7%AC%E7%94%B8%E7%9A%84%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="緬甸的猶太人">緬甸</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="猶太自治州">俄羅斯</a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="14" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Menorah_blue.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Menorah_blue.svg/80px-Menorah_blue.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Menorah_blue.svg/120px-Menorah_blue.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Menorah_blue.svg/160px-Menorah_blue.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="393" data-file-height="356" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" title="猶太語言">语言</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding：0.25em 0;line-height：1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E4%BC%AF%E6%9D%A5%E8%AF%AD" title="希伯来语">希伯来语</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA-%E6%91%A9%E6%B4%9B%E5%93%A5%E8%AA%9E" title="猶太-摩洛哥語">猶太-摩洛哥語</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA-%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E8%AA%9E" title="猶太-阿拉伯語">猶太-阿拉伯語</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99%E8%AF%AD" title="犹太西班牙语">拉迪諾語</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99%E8%AA%9E" title="猶太葡萄牙語">猶太-葡萄牙語</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E7%AC%AC%E7%B7%92%E8%AA%9E" title="意第緒語">意第緒語</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA-%E7%BD%97%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="犹太-罗曼语支">犹太-罗曼语支</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E4%BC%AF%E4%BE%86%E8%AA%9E%E5%BE%A9%E8%88%88" title="希伯來語復興">希伯來語復興</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99" title="犹太教">宗教运动</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding：0.25em 0;line-height：1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E6%AD%A3%E7%B5%B1%E6%B4%BE" title="猶太教正統派">正统派</a>（<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="哈达尔" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Hardal"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E9%81%94%E7%88%BE" title="哈達爾">哈达尔</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardal" class="extiw" title="en:Hardal"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Hardal</span></a></span>）</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E9%9B%B7%E8%BF%AA%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99" title="哈雷迪猶太教">哈雷迪</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E8%A5%BF%E8%BF%AA%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99" title="哈西迪猶太教">哈西迪</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%AD%A3%E7%BB%9F%E6%B4%BE%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="现代正统派犹太教（页面不存在）">现代正统派</a>） ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="慕沙运动" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Musar Movement"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%85%95%E6%B2%99%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="慕沙运动（页面不存在）">慕沙运动</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musar_Movement" class="extiw" title="en:Musar Movement"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Musar Movement</span></a></span>）</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E4%BF%9D%E5%AE%88%E6%B4%BE" title="猶太教保守派">保守派</a>（<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E4%BF%9D%E5%AE%88%E6%AD%A3%E7%BB%9F%E6%B4%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太教保守正统派（页面不存在）">保守正统派</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E9%87%8D%E5%BB%BA%E6%B4%BE" title="猶太教重建派">重建派</a>） ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="猶太教復興派" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Jewish_Renewal"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E5%BE%A9%E8%88%88%E6%B4%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="猶太教復興派（页面不存在）">復興運動</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewish_Renewal" class="extiw" title="en:Jewish Renewal"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Jewish_Renewal</span></a></span>）</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9%E6%B4%BE" title="猶太教改革派">改革派</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E6%AF%94%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99" title="拉比猶太教">拉比派</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E5%8D%A1%E6%8B%89%E6%B4%BE" title="犹太教卡拉派">卡拉派</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%8A%E5%A7%86%E4%BA%BA" title="卡拉伊姆人">卡拉伊姆人</a>） ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%92%92%E9%A9%AC%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E6%95%99" title="撒马利亚教">撒马利亚派</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="犹太教宗派分立" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Jewish schisms"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E6%B4%BE%E5%88%86%E7%AB%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太教宗派分立（页面不存在）">宗派分立</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewish_schisms" class="extiw" title="en:Jewish schisms"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Jewish schisms</span></a></span>）</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="犹太教人文派" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Humanistic Judaism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E6%B4%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太教人文派（页面不存在）">人文派</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_Judaism" class="extiw" title="en:Humanistic Judaism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Humanistic Judaism</span></a></span>）</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Category:%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E7%84%A1%E7%A5%9E%E8%AB%96%E8%80%85" title="Category:猶太無神論者">无神论</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="猶太教哲學">哲学</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding：0.25em 0;line-height：1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太基本信仰（页面不存在）">基本信仰</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%89%E6%B0%91_(%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99)" class="mw-redirect" title="选民 (宗教)">选民观念</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AE%BA" title="犹太教末世论">末世论</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BC%A6%E7%90%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太伦理（页面不存在）">伦理</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E6%8B%89%E5%8D%A1" title="哈拉卡">哈拉卡</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%8D%E7%B2%B9%E5%A4%A7%E5%B1%A0%E6%AE%BA" title="納粹大屠殺">大屠杀理论</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%B7%B4%E6%8B%89" title="卡巴拉">卡巴拉</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%A6%E5%90%88%E6%95%99%E8%A6%8F%E7%9A%84%E9%A3%9F%E7%89%A9_(%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99)" title="符合教規的食物 (猶太教)">洁食</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%8C%E8%B3%BD%E4%BA%9E" title="彌賽亞">彌賽亞</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Category:%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E%E7%9A%84%E5%90%8D%E5%AD%97" title="Category:犹太教中神的名字">神的名字</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%8C%AA%E4%BA%9E%E4%B8%83%E5%BE%8B" title="挪亞七律">挪亞七律</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="犹太慈善观" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Tzedakah"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%85%88%E5%96%84%E8%A7%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太慈善观（页面不存在）">慈善观</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tzedakah" class="extiw" title="en:Tzedakah"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Tzedakah</span></a></span>）</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="犹太着装条例" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Tzniut"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E7%9D%80%E8%A3%85%E6%9D%A1%E4%BE%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太着装条例（页面不存在）">着装条例</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tzniut" class="extiw" title="en:Tzniut"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Tzniut</span></a></span>）</span></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8" title="猶太文學">文學</a>·宗教文献</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding：0.25em 0;line-height：1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E7%B4%8D%E8%B5%AB" title="塔納赫">塔納赫</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%A6%A5%E6%8B%89" title="妥拉">妥拉</a>/<a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%94%E7%BB%8F" title="摩西五经">摩西五经</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%88%E7%9F%A5%E4%B9%A6" title="先知书">先知书</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%99%BA%E6%85%A7%E4%B9%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="智慧书（页面不存在）">智慧书</a>） ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E6%9C%A8%E5%BE%B7" title="塔木德">塔木德</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E6%9B%B8%E6%8B%BF" title="米書拿">米書拿</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%A9%E9%A6%AC%E6%8B%89" title="革馬拉">革馬拉</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E5%BE%B7%E6%8B%89%E4%BB%80" title="米德拉什">米德拉什</a>） ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%80%E7%91%9F%E4%BB%96" title="陀瑟他">陀瑟他</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8B%89%E6%AF%94%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="拉比文学（页面不存在）">拉比文学</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AF%86%E8%A5%BF%E6%8B%BF%E6%89%98%E6%8B%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="密西拿托拉（页面不存在）">密西拿托拉</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="四部法典" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Arba'ah Turim"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%9B%E9%83%A8%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="四部法典（页面不存在）">四部法典</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arba%27ah_Turim" class="extiw" title="en:Arba'ah Turim"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Arba'ah Turim</span></a></span>）</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E6%9C%A8%E5%BE%B7" title="塔木德">犹太法典</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="清晰教導集" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Mishnah Berurah"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E6%99%B0%E6%95%99%E5%B0%8E%E9%9B%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="清晰教導集（页面不存在）">清晰教導集</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mishnah_Berurah" class="extiw" title="en:Mishnah Berurah"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Mishnah Berurah</span></a></span>）</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E6%98%8E%E7%AF%87" title="光明篇">光明篇</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E5%8A%A0%E8%BE%BE" title="哈加达">哈加达</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="犹太诗歌" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Piyyut"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E8%AF%97%E6%AD%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太诗歌（页面不存在）">诗歌</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piyyut" class="extiw" title="en:Piyyut"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Piyyut</span></a></span>）</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="犹太教祈祷书" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Siddur"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E7%A5%88%E7%A5%B7%E4%B9%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太教祈祷书（页面不存在）">祈祷书</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siddur" class="extiw" title="en:Siddur"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Siddur</span></a></span>）</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E4%BC%AF%E4%BE%86%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8" title="希伯來文學">希伯來文學</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">圣经人物</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding：0.25em 0;line-height：1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E4%BC%AF%E6%8B%89%E7%BD%95" title="亞伯拉罕">亞伯拉罕</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E6%92%92" title="以撒">以撒</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E5%90%84_(%E8%88%8A%E7%B4%84%E8%81%96%E7%B6%93)" title="雅各 (舊約聖經)">雅各</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%92%92%E6%8B%89" title="撒拉">撒拉</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E7%99%BE%E5%8A%A0" title="利百加">利百加</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E7%BB%93" title="拉结">拉结</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E" title="利亞">利亞</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E8%A5%BF" title="摩西">摩西</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%95%E6%B3%A2%E6%8B%89" title="底波拉">底波拉</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E5%BE%97%E8%A8%98" title="路得記">路得</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%A1%9B%E7%8E%8B" title="大衛王">大衛王</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%80%E7%BE%85%E9%96%80" title="所羅門">所羅門</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E" title="以利亞">以利亞</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E9%A2%86%E8%A2%96" title="Category:犹太教宗教领袖">犹太教领袖</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding：0.25em 0;line-height：1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E5%8B%92%E5%B0%94%E9%95%BF%E8%80%81" title="希勒尔长老">老希列</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%85%9E%E8%B2%B7" title="煞買">煞買</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%A7%C2%B7%E5%93%88-%E7%BA%B3%E8%A5%BF" title="犹大·哈-纳西">犹大·哈-纳西</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E9%98%BF%E8%BF%AA%E4%BA%9A%C2%B7%E6%9E%9C%E6%98%82" title="萨阿迪亚·果昂">萨蒂亚·高安</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="杰顺·本·犹大" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Gershom_ben_Judah"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9D%B0%E9%A1%BA%C2%B7%E6%9C%AC%C2%B7%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="杰顺·本·犹大（页面不存在）">杰顺·本·犹大</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gershom_ben_Judah" class="extiw" title="en:Gershom ben Judah"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Gershom_ben_Judah</span></a></span>）</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="以撒·奥法西" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Isaac_Alfasi"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%A5%E6%92%92%C2%B7%E5%A5%A5%E6%B3%95%E8%A5%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="以撒·奥法西（页面不存在）">以撒·奥法西</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Alfasi" class="extiw" title="en:Isaac Alfasi"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Isaac_Alfasi</span></a></span>）</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%BB%80" title="拉什">拉什</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%A7%C2%B7%E5%93%88%E5%88%97%E7%BB%B4" title="犹大·哈列维">犹大·哈列维</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E4%BC%AF%E6%8B%89%E7%BD%95%C2%B7%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%AC%C2%B7%E5%9F%83%E8%8C%B2%E6%8B%89" title="阿伯拉罕·伊本·埃茲拉">亚伯拉罕·伊本·以斯拉</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="薩菲斯茨列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List_of_Tosafists"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%96%A9%E8%8F%B2%E6%96%AF%E8%8C%A8%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="薩菲斯茨列表（页面不存在）">中世纪犹太教士</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Tosafists" class="extiw" title="en:List of Tosafists"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List_of_Tosafists</span></a></span>）</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%82%81%E8%92%99%E5%B0%BC%E5%BE%B7" title="邁蒙尼德">邁蒙尼德</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%8D%E8%B3%80%E8%92%99%E5%B0%BC%E5%BE%B7" title="納賀蒙尼德">纳曼尼德</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="阿舍·本·杰希勒" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Asher_ben_Jehiel"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E8%88%8D%C2%B7%E6%9C%AC%C2%B7%E6%9D%B0%E5%B8%8C%E5%8B%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿舍·本·杰希勒（页面不存在）">阿舍·本·杰希勒</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asher_ben_Jehiel" class="extiw" title="en:Asher ben Jehiel"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Asher_ben_Jehiel</span></a></span>）</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E5%B0%94%E6%9D%BE%E5%B0%BC%E5%BE%B7" title="吉尔松尼德">盖森尼德</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="约瑟夫·埃尔伯" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Joseph_Albo"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BA%A6%E7%91%9F%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E5%9F%83%E5%B0%94%E4%BC%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="约瑟夫·埃尔伯（页面不存在）">约瑟夫·埃尔伯</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Albo" class="extiw" title="en:Joseph Albo"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Joseph_Albo</span></a></span>）</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B7%B4%E4%BC%AF%E5%85%A7%E7%88%BE" title="阿巴伯內爾">以撒·亚伯拉班内尔</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="以撒•卢里亚" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Isaac_Luria"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%A5%E6%92%92%E2%80%A2%E5%8D%A2%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="以撒•卢里亚（页面不存在）">以撒•卢里亚</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Luria" class="extiw" title="en:Isaac Luria"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Isaac_Luria</span></a></span>）</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E8%B0%A2%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E6%89%98%E5%A4%AB" title="巴尔·谢姆·托夫">巴尔·闪·托夫</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94%E7%BA%B3%E9%98%81%E4%B8%8B" title="维尔纳阁下">维尔纳·高安</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E8%A5%BF%C2%B7%E9%97%A8%E5%BE%B7%E5%B0%94%E6%9D%BE" title="摩西·门德尔松">摩西·门德尔松</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="利奥波德·聪茨" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Leopold_Zunz"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%88%A9%E5%A5%A5%E6%B3%A2%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E8%81%AA%E8%8C%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="利奥波德·聪茨（页面不存在）">利奥波德·聪茨</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopold_Zunz" class="extiw" title="en:Leopold Zunz"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Leopold_Zunz</span></a></span>）</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="桑松·拉斐尔·赫希" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Samson_Raphael_Hirsch"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A1%91%E6%9D%BE%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E6%96%90%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E8%B5%AB%E5%B8%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="桑松·拉斐尔·赫希（页面不存在）">桑松·拉斐尔·赫希</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samson_Raphael_Hirsch" class="extiw" title="en:Samson Raphael Hirsch"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Samson_Raphael_Hirsch</span></a></span>）</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="亚伯拉罕·盖革" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Abraham_Geiger"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%9A%E4%BC%AF%E6%8B%89%E7%BD%95%C2%B7%E7%9B%96%E9%9D%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="亚伯拉罕·盖革（页面不存在）">亚伯拉罕·盖革</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Geiger" class="extiw" title="en:Abraham Geiger"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Abraham_Geiger</span></a></span>）</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="所罗门·谢克特" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Solomon_Schechter"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%89%80%E7%BD%97%E9%97%A8%C2%B7%E8%B0%A2%E5%85%8B%E7%89%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="所罗门·谢克特（页面不存在）">所罗门·谢克特</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solomon_Schechter" class="extiw" title="en:Solomon Schechter"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Solomon_Schechter</span></a></span>）</span></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%B8%96%E4%BF%97%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太世俗文化（页面不存在）">世俗文化</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding：0.25em 0;line-height：1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="世俗猶太人" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Hiloni"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%96%E4%BF%97%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="世俗猶太人（页面不存在）">世俗</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiloni" class="extiw" title="en:Hiloni"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Hiloni</span></a></span>）</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B0%81%E6%98%AF%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA%EF%BC%9F" title="谁是犹太人？">谁是犹太人?</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="祈祷最低人数" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Minyan"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A5%88%E7%A5%B7%E6%9C%80%E4%BD%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%95%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="祈祷最低人数（页面不存在）">祈祷最低人数</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minyan" class="extiw" title="en:Minyan"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Minyan</span></a></span>）</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E6%88%90%E4%BA%BA%E7%A6%AE" title="猶太教成人禮">成人礼</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E4%B8%A7%E7%A4%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太教丧礼（页面不存在）">丧礼</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%B2%E7%A6%AE" title="割禮">割禮</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA%E8%AF%8D%E6%BA%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太人词源（页面不存在）">犹太人词源</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA%E5%A9%9A%E5%A7%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太人婚姻（页面不存在）">婚姻</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA%E5%A9%9A%E7%A4%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太人婚礼（页面不存在）">婚礼</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%B4%81%E5%87%80%E8%A7%82%E5%BF%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太洁净观念（页面不存在）">犹太洁净观念</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%95%BF%E5%AD%90%E8%B5%8E%E9%93%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="长子赎银（页面不存在）">长子赎银</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA%E9%A3%B2%E9%A3%9F" title="猶太人飲食">犹太人饮食</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="犹太媒妁" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Shidduch"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E5%AA%92%E5%A6%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太媒妁（页面不存在）">犹太媒妁</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shidduch" class="extiw" title="en:Shidduch"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Shidduch</span></a></span>）</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="犹太女婴命名仪式" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Zeved habat"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E5%A5%B3%E5%A9%B4%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D%E4%BB%AA%E5%BC%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太女婴命名仪式（页面不存在）">犹太女婴命名仪式</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeved_habat" class="extiw" title="en:Zeved habat"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Zeved habat</span></a></span>）</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%88%E4%BE%9D%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99" title="皈依猶太教">皈依犹太教</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E5%A4%B4%E8%A1%94" title="Category:犹太教头衔">神职</a>·圣迹</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding：0.25em 0;line-height：1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E5%9B%9B%E5%A4%A7%E5%9C%A3%E5%9F%8E" title="犹太教四大圣城">四大圣城</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7" title="耶路撒冷">耶路撒冷</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%87%E6%B3%95%E7%89%B9" title="采法特">采法特</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E4%BC%AF%E4%BC%A6" title="希伯伦">希伯仑</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%8F%90%E6%AF%94%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9E" title="提比里亞">提比里亞</a>） ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="犹太宗教法庭" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Beth din"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%B3%95%E5%BA%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太宗教法庭（页面不存在）">法庭</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beth_din" class="extiw" title="en:Beth din"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Beth din</span></a></span>）</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="会堂管理人" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Gabbai"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%9A%E5%A0%82%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="会堂管理人（页面不存在）">会堂管理人</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabbai" class="extiw" title="en:Gabbai"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Gabbai</span></a></span>）</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E9%A2%86%E5%94%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太教领唱（页面不存在）">领唱</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E5%80%AB%E5%AD%90%E5%AD%AB" title="亞倫子孫">祭司</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="說教師" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Maggid"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AA%AA%E6%95%99%E5%B8%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="說教師（页面不存在）">說教師</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maggid" class="extiw" title="en:Maggid"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Maggid</span></a></span>）</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%B4%81%E9%A3%9F%E7%9B%91%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太洁食监督人（页面不存在）">犹太洁食监督人</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%B4%81%E5%87%80%E7%A4%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太洁净礼（页面不存在）">犹太洁净礼</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="穆漢" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Mohel"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A9%86%E6%BC%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="穆漢（页面不存在）">穆漢</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohel" class="extiw" title="en:Mohel"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Mohel</span></a></span>）</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E6%AF%94" title="拉比">拉比</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="列比" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Rebbe"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%88%97%E6%AF%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="列比（页面不存在）">列比</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebbe" class="extiw" title="en:Rebbe"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Rebbe</span></a></span>）</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="犹太神学院">神学院</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E6%9C%83%E5%A0%82" title="猶太會堂">猶太會堂</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%E8%81%96%E6%AE%BF" title="耶路撒冷聖殿">圣殿</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%9A%E5%B9%95" title="会幕">会幕</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%A2%99" title="西墙">西墙</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span style="line-height:1.1em;">宗教用具<br />祈祷仪式</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding：0.25em 0;line-height：1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="我們有責任" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Aleinu"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%88%91%E5%80%91%E6%9C%89%E8%B2%AC%E4%BB%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="我們有責任（页面不存在）">我們有責任</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleinu" class="extiw" title="en:Aleinu"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Aleinu</span></a></span>）</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E7%A5%B7%E6%96%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太教祷文（页面不存在）">犹太教祷文</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%8F%E6%A3%9A%E8%8A%82%E5%9B%9B%E6%A0%B7%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9" title="住棚节四样植物">四样植物</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8A%A0%E7%89%B9%E5%B0%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="加特尔（页面不存在）">加特尔</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="讚美詩篇" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Hallel"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AE%9A%E7%BE%8E%E8%A9%A9%E7%AF%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="讚美詩篇（页面不存在）">讚美詩篇</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hallel" class="extiw" title="en:Hallel"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Hallel</span></a></span>）</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="安息日结束礼" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Havdalah"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%89%E6%81%AF%E6%97%A5%E7%BB%93%E6%9D%9F%E7%A4%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="安息日结束礼（页面不存在）">安息日结束礼</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Havdalah" class="extiw" title="en:Havdalah"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Havdalah</span></a></span>）</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="聖頌" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Kaddish"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%81%96%E9%A0%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="聖頌（页面不存在）">聖頌</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaddish" class="extiw" title="en:Kaddish"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Kaddish</span></a></span>）</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="基特尔" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Kittel"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%BA%E7%89%B9%E5%B0%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="基特尔（页面不存在）">基特尔</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kittel" class="extiw" title="en:Kittel"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Kittel</span></a></span>）</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B5%8E%E7%BD%AA%E6%97%A5%E7%A5%88%E7%A5%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="赎罪日祈祷（页面不存在）">赎罪日祈祷</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="玛托福" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ma Tovu"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8E%9B%E6%89%98%E7%A6%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="玛托福（页面不存在）">玛托福</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma_Tovu" class="extiw" title="en:Ma Tovu"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ma Tovu</span></a></span>）</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E7%87%88%E8%87%BA" title="猶太教燈臺">猶太教燈臺</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E6%98%8E%E8%8A%82%E7%81%AF%E5%8F%B0" title="光明节灯台">再献圣殿节灯台</a>） ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%97%A8%E6%A1%86%E7%BB%8F%E6%96%87%E7%9B%92" title="门框经文盒">门柱圣卷</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E7%A5%88%E7%A5%B7%E7%A4%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太教祈祷礼（页面不存在）">祈祷礼</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%89%98%E6%8B%89%E7%BB%8F%E5%8D%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="托拉经卷（页面不存在）">经卷</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E7%A5%88%E7%A5%B7%E6%96%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太教祈祷文（页面不存在）">祈祷文</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BA%E7%91%AA" title="示瑪">听！以色列</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="肖法号角" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="shofar"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%82%96%E6%B3%95%E5%8F%B7%E8%A7%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="肖法号角（页面不存在）">羊角号</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/shofar" class="extiw" title="en:shofar"><span lang="en" dir="auto">shofar</span></a></span>）</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%8A%AB%E5%B7%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太披巾（页面不存在）">披巾</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E7%BB%8F%E6%96%87%E5%8C%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太经文匣（页面不存在）">经文匣</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B9%B8%E5%AD%90" title="繸子">流苏</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%8C%87%E7%B6%93%E6%A8%99" title="指經標">读经之手</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E5%B8%95_(%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99)" title="基帕 (猶太教)">基巴</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span style="line-height:1.1em;"><br />与其他宗教的关系</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding：0.25em 0;line-height：1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E5%AF%B9%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E5%A4%9A%E5%85%83%E5%8C%96%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%82%E7%82%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太教对宗教多元化的观点（页面不存在）">犹太教对宗教多元化的观点</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E4%BC%AF%E6%8B%89%E7%BD%95%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="亚伯拉罕宗教">亚伯拉罕宗教</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E4%B8%8E%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99" title="犹太教与基督教">基督教</a>（<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E4%B8%8E%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="天主教与犹太教（页面不存在）">天主教</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E5%92%8C%E8%A7%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="基督教犹太和解（页面不存在）">基督教犹太和解</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E5%BE%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太基督教徒（页面不存在）">犹太基督教徒</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%91%A9%E5%B0%94%E9%97%A8%E6%95%99%E4%B8%8E%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="摩尔门教与犹太教（页面不存在）">摩尔门教</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%A5%E8%B5%9B%E4%BA%9A%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99" title="弥赛亚犹太教">弥赛亚犹太教</a>） ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%95%99%E4%B8%8E%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊斯兰教与犹太教（页面不存在）">伊斯兰教</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E5%BE%92" title="犹太佛教徒">犹太佛教徒</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%95%B0%E6%95%99%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="新異教主義">新异教主义</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2%E8%A3%94%E5%B8%8C%E4%BC%AF%E6%9D%A5%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="非洲裔希伯来以色列人（页面不存在）">非洲裔希伯来以色列人</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%A1%E5%B7%B4%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="卡巴拉中心（页面不存在）">卡巴拉中心</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9B%BF%E4%BB%A3%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="替代犹太教（页面不存在）">其他</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="犹太人历史">历史</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding：0.25em 0;line-height：1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2#古代" title="以色列历史">古代</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%E8%81%96%E6%AE%BF" title="耶路撒冷聖殿">耶路撒冷聖殿</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%AF%94%E4%BC%A6%E5%9B%9A%E8%99%8F" title="巴比伦囚虏">巴比伦囚徒</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7" title="耶路撒冷">耶路撒冷</a>（<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太教中的耶路撒冷（页面不存在）">意义</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%E5%A4%A7%E4%BA%8B%E8%AE%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="耶路撒冷大事记（页面不存在）">大事记</a>） ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E6%96%AF%E8%92%99%E5%B0%BC%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="哈斯蒙尼王朝">哈斯蒙尼</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%B8%8C%E5%BE%8B%E7%8E%8B" title="大希律王">希律王</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83" title="猶太公會">猶太公會</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%88%A9%E8%B5%9B%E4%BA%BA" title="法利赛人">法利赛人</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%92%92%E9%83%BD%E8%AF%A5%E4%BA%BA" title="撒都该人">撒都该人</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E8%B3%BD%E5%B0%BC%E6%B4%BE" title="艾賽尼派">艾賽尼派</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%AE%E9%8A%B3%E9%BB%A8" title="奮銳黨">奮銳黨</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E2%80%93%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" title="第一次猶太–羅馬戰爭">第一次犹太罗马战争</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E7%88%BE%E7%A7%91%E8%B5%AB%E5%B7%B4%E8%B5%B7%E7%BE%A9" title="巴爾科赫巴起義">科赫巴大起义</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA%E5%A4%A7%E6%B5%81%E6%95%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="犹太人大流散">流散</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94%E7%BA%BD%E6%96%AF" title="维尔纽斯">维尔纽斯</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中世纪犹太人（页面不存在）">中世纪</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E8%90%A8%E4%BA%BA" title="可萨人">可萨人</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A9%86%E6%96%AF%E6%9E%97%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E7%9A%84%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="穆斯林世界的犹太人历史（页面不存在）">穆斯林统治</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B5%9B%E5%B7%B4%E8%92%82%E6%95%99%E5%BE%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="赛巴蒂教徒（页面不存在）">赛巴蒂教徒</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E6%96%AF%E5%8D%A1%E6%8B%89%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8" title="哈斯卡拉运动">哈斯卡拉運動</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E8%A7%A3%E6%94%BE%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8" title="犹太解放运动">解放</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%8D%E7%B2%B9%E5%A4%A7%E5%B1%A0%E6%AE%BA" title="納粹大屠殺">大屠杀</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="阿利亞運動">阿利亚</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E5%A4%8D%E5%9B%BD%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太复国主义历史（页面不存在）">犹太复国主义历史</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="以色列历史">以色列历史</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E4%BB%A5%E5%86%B2%E7%AA%81" title="阿以冲突">阿以冲突</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E5%B7%B4%E5%86%B2%E7%AA%81" title="以巴冲突">以巴冲突</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E5%9C%B0" title="以色列地">以色列地</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="悔改運動" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Baal teshuva movement"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%82%94%E6%94%B9%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="悔改運動（页面不存在）">巴尔特舒华运动</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baal_teshuva_movement" class="extiw" title="en:Baal teshuva movement"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Baal teshuva movement</span></a></span>）</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%84%E5%9B%BD%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99" title="各国犹太教">各国犹太教</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">政治</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding：0.25em 0;line-height：1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97" title="以色列">以色列</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%8C%AB%E5%AE%89%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="錫安主義">錫安主義</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap">（<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%80%E8%88%AC%E9%94%A1%E5%AE%89%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E8%80%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="一般锡安主义者（页面不存在）">一般</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%9E%E5%B7%A5%E9%8C%AB%E5%AE%89%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="勞工錫安主義">勞工</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E9%8C%AB%E5%AE%89%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="宗教錫安主義">宗教</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%AE%E6%AD%A3%E6%B4%BE%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E5%A4%8D%E5%9B%BD%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="修正派犹太复国主义">修正</a>） ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%A6%E5%8D%97%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="迦南主義">迦南主義</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太政治运动（页面不存在）">政治运动</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E5%B7%A6%E7%BF%BC" title="犹太左翼">左派</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E5%8F%B3%E7%BF%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太右翼（页面不存在）">右派</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%97%A0%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太无政府主义（页面不存在）">犹太无政府主义</a>） ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="阿古达运动" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="World Agudath Israel"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E5%8F%A4%E8%BE%BE%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿古达运动（页面不存在）">阿古达运动</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Agudath_Israel" class="extiw" title="en:World Agudath Israel"><span lang="en" dir="auto">World Agudath Israel</span></a></span>）</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E5%A5%B3%E6%9D%83%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太女权主义（页面不存在）">女权主义</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="反犹太主义">反犹太主义</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding：0.25em 0;line-height：1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%8D%E7%8A%B9%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="反犹主义历史（页面不存在）">历史</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AF%B9%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA%E7%9A%84%E8%BF%AB%E5%AE%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="对犹太人的迫害（页面不存在）">迫害</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B0%E5%8F%8D%E7%8A%B9%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="新反犹主义（页面不存在）">新反犹主义</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A7%8D%E6%97%8F%E6%AD%A7%E8%A7%86%E5%8F%8D%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="种族歧视反犹太主义（页面不存在）">种族性</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E5%8F%8D%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宗教反犹太主义（页面不存在）">宗教性</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a 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