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</aside> <div data-zapnito-scrollable-container class="flex flex-grow relative"> <section data-zapnito-main role="main" class="absolute inset-0 overflow-y-auto overscroll-none"> <div id="notices" class="container"> </div> <div class="container"> <div class="page"> <div class="page__header "> <div class="page__header-wrapper"> <h1 class="page__title">Website terms of use</h1> </div> </div> <div class="page__content"> <p><b>TERMS OF USE </b></p> <p><b>Last updated</b><span style="font-weight: 400;">: 22 November 2023</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">These terms of use (“</span><b>Terms of Use</b><span style="font-weight: 400;">” or “</span><b>Terms</b><span style="font-weight: 400;">"), together with the Privacy Policy located at </span><a href="https://communities.springernature.com/privacy-policy"><span style="font-weight: 400;">https://communities.springernature.com/privacy-policy</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> and any documents that the Terms incorporate by reference, govern your access to and use of this website (the "</span><b>Site</b><span style="font-weight: 400;">"), including any content, functionality, products, services, and downloads offered on the Site. Please note that these Terms apply, regardless of the means of delivery of the Site to you, and whether you are a guest or a registered user of the Site. </span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Any reference to ‘you’ or ‘your’ is a reference to you as a user of the Site, and any reference to ‘we,’ ‘us,’ or ‘our’ refers to Springer Nature Limited (00785998) or any affiliates worldwide.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Our Privacy Policy, located at </span><a href="https://communities.springernature.com/privacy-policy"><span style="font-weight: 400;">https://communities.springernature.com/privacy-policy</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">,</span><b> </b><span style="font-weight: 400;">governs our data collection and use of information about you, including use of personally identifiable information. </span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">You must be thirteen years of age or older to use the Site. You must be eighteen years of age or older to contribute user content to the Site. </span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In addition to these Terms, the Site may have supplementary terms and conditions which apply to the Site or the services available on the Site ("</span><b>Additional Terms</b><span style="font-weight: 400;">"). For avoidance of doubt, any reference to the “Terms” includes any Additional Terms. Please ensure that you read the Additional Terms, as they form part of these Terms in respect of your use of the Site. To the extent that the Additional Terms conflict with these Terms, the Additional Terms shall prevail (including, without limitation, any liability limitations or exclusions in the Additional Terms).</span></p> <p><b><i>By using the Site, you indicate that you have read and agree to be bound by these Terms, including the applicable Additional Terms. If you do not agree, do not use the Site. You may wish to print a copy of these Terms. If anything in these Terms is unclear, please contact us as set out in Clause 2.3 below.</i></b></p> <p><b><i>We reserve the right to modify or amend these Terms from time to time without notice. Your continued use of the Site following the posting of changes to these Terms will mean you accept those changes. </i></b><b> </b></p> <p></p> <h1> <b>About</b><span style="font-weight: 400;"> </span><b>Us</b> </h1> <p><b>Springer Nature Limited </b><span style="font-weight: 400;">is a company registered in </span><b>England and Wales under company number 00785998</b><span style="font-weight: 400;"> with a registered address at The Campus, 4 Crinan Street, London, United Kingdom, N1 9XW.</span></p> <p><br><b></b></p> <h1><b>Contacting Us</b></h1> <ol> <ol> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="2"><span style="font-weight: 400;">We respect the intellectual property rights of others, and we request that our visitors do the same. If you think your work has been copied or used in a manner that constitutes copyright infringement, you may notify our copyright agent, who can be reached at: </span></li> </ol> </ol> <p><b>Springer Nature Limited</b></p> <p><b>The Campus, 4 Crinan Street, London, United Kingdom, N1 9XW</b></p> <p><b>Attention: Legal Department</b></p> <p><b>Email: </b><a href="mailto:copyrightagent@springernature.com"><b>copyrightagent@springernature.com</b></a><b> and </b><a href="mailto:communities@springernature.com"><b>communities@springernature.com</b></a></p> <p></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Please include all of the following in your notification:</span><b><i> </i></b></p> <ol> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Your complete contact information (including your full legal name, address, telephone number and email address).</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><span style="font-weight: 400;">A description of your complaint.</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><span style="font-weight: 400;">A description of the copyrighted material that you claim has been infringed.</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><span style="font-weight: 400;">A description of the content which you claim is infringing. The easiest way to do this is by providing a web address or URL leading directly to the allegedly infringing content.</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><span style="font-weight: 400;">A statement that you have a good faith belief that the use you are complaining about is not authorized by the copyright owner, its agent, or the law.</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><span style="font-weight: 400;">A statement by you declaring under penalty of perjury that (a) the information in your notice is accurate, and (b) that you are the owner of the copyright interest involved or that you are authorized to act on behalf of that owner. </span></li> </ol> <ol> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="2"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Upon receipt of your notification, we may take whatever action, in our sole discretion, we deem appropriate, in accordance with applicable law (including The Electronic Commerce (EC Directive) Regulations 2002).</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="2"> <span style="font-weight: 400;">You can contact us with all other feedback, comments, requests for technical support, questions on these Terms, or other communications relating to the Site by emailing us at </span><a href="mailto:communities@springernature.com"><b>communities@springernature.com</b></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">. </span> </li> </ol> <h1><b>Using Sites</b></h1> <ol> <ol> <ol> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="2"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Access to the Site is permitted on a temporary basis and we reserve the right to withdraw or amend any service we provide on the Site without notice. </span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="2"> <span style="font-weight: 400;">Your access and use of the Site must at all time be in accordance with </span><a href="https://communities.springernature.com/community-policy"><span style="font-weight: 400;">https://communities.springernature.com/community-policy</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">.</span> </li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="2"><span style="font-weight: 400;">You are solely liable and responsible for any third-party charges incurred by you in accessing and using the Site, including in particular any network charges for fixed or mobile internet use.</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="2"><span style="font-weight: 400;">We grant you a limited, revocable, non-exclusive, non-transferable license to access and use the Site and the content and applications on the Site for your personal use. Except as permitted by law and as expressly permitted herein, the content on the Site may not be reproduced, sold, resold, or otherwise exploited for any purpose without our express written consent. Any unauthorized use automatically terminates the permissions and licenses granted by us to you, and may violate copyright, trademark, and other laws. We reserve all rights to the content on the Site not expressly granted herein.</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="2"><span style="font-weight: 400;">You may occasionally print individual pages of the Site for your personal, non-commercial use, provided that such printing is not substantial or systematic and our trademarks, copyright notices, and other proprietary notices are preserved.</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="2"><span style="font-weight: 400;">From time to time we may restrict access to some parts of the Site, or to the entire Site, to users who have registered with us. Registered users may be able to customize some features of the Site to create personalized areas of the Site for their own private non-commercial use. Except as permitted by law, you must not otherwise alter, adapt or reverse engineer any part of the Site.</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="2"><span style="font-weight: 400;">You may only play video or audio files using the media player on the Site or on the website of one of our licensees who is displaying such material with our authorization. Where any videos or other materials are displayed through a third-party embedding service you must comply with all applicable conditions of that third party.</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="2"><span style="font-weight: 400;">If you would like to “share” a story, an application, or other content from the Site with somebody, please use the ‘share’ function (or such other similar feature) on the Site, or you may email a link to the Site to your friend or simply ask them to visit the Site. Please ensure that you have their consent before entering their details.</span></li> </ol> </ol> </ol> <h1><b>Prohibited Uses </b></h1> <ol> <ol> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="2"><span style="font-weight: 400;">You must not use, or allow others to access or use, all or any part of the Site or the contents and/or applications on it for commercial purposes without our permission. Use of all or any part of the Site or the contents and/or applications on it for commercial purposes may, if permitted, be subject to separate terms and conditions and may be subject to a fee.</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="2"><span style="font-weight: 400;">You may not use the Site in a way that violates any applicable federal, state, local, or international law or regulation (including, without limitation, any laws regarding the export of data or software to and from the US or other countries).</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="2"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Except as permitted by law or these Terms, you must not (whether directly or indirectly):</span></li> </ol> </ol> <ol> <li> <span style="font-weight: 400;"></span><span style="font-weight: 400;"><span> </span></span><span style="font-weight: 400;">remove any copyright, trademark or other proprietary notices from material found on the Site, or fail to obtain permission before reusing any copyrighted material that is available on the Site.</span> </li> <li> <span style="font-weight: 400;"></span><span style="font-weight: 400;"><span> </span></span><span style="font-weight: 400;">distribute, transmit, syndicate, sell or offer to sell or otherwise make available any content, files, feeds or data from the Site, whether publically available or not, except as specifically permitted by the Site and in compliance with any applicable conditions or restrictions;</span> </li> <li> <span style="font-weight: 400;"></span><span style="font-weight: 400;"><span> </span></span><span style="font-weight: 400;">copy, download, or store any content, files, feeds or data from the Site, whether publically available or not, to make or populate a database or publication of any kind whatsoever;</span> </li> <li> <span style="font-weight: 400;"></span><span style="font-weight: 400;"><span> </span></span><span style="font-weight: 400;">reproduce or store any part of the Site in another website or in a public or private electronic retrieval system or service without prior written permission;</span> </li> <li> <span style="font-weight: 400;"></span><span style="font-weight: 400;"><span> </span></span><span style="font-weight: 400;">collect or use any product listings, descriptions, or prices;</span> </li> <li> <span style="font-weight: 400;"></span><span style="font-weight: 400;"><span> </span></span><span style="font-weight: 400;">modify, translate, or create derivative works from any content, files, feeds or data from the Site, in any medium;</span> </li> <li> <span style="font-weight: 400;"></span><span style="font-weight: 400;"><span> </span></span><span style="font-weight: 400;">alter, adapt, reverse engineer, disassemble, decompile, or attempt to derive the source code of any part of the Site;</span> </li> <li> <span style="font-weight: 400;"></span><span style="font-weight: 400;"><span> </span></span><span style="font-weight: 400;">engage in systematic or automated downloading (including using robots, spider, or crawlers) to search, extract, link, or index content on the Site;</span> </li> <li> <span style="font-weight: 400;"></span><span style="font-weight: 400;"><span> </span></span><span style="font-weight: 400;">attempt to override, circumvent, or disable any encryption features or software protections; </span> </li> <li> <span style="font-weight: 400;"></span><span style="font-weight: 400;"><span> </span></span><span style="font-weight: 400;">attempt to gain unauthorized access to any portion of the Site, attempt to interfere with the proper working of the Site, or attempt to breach or test the security or authentication measures of the Site; or </span> </li> <li> <span style="font-weight: 400;"></span><span style="font-weight: 400;"><span> </span></span><span style="font-weight: 400;">violate applicable domestic and international laws, statutes, ordinances, and regulations regarding your use of the Site.</span> </li> </ol> <ol> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="2"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Notwithstanding the above, if any material is marked "Open Access," that material may be used in accordance with the relevant Open Access license.</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="2"><span style="font-weight: 400;">If you engage in any of the prohibited uses or otherwise violate these Terms, your right to use the Site will terminate immediately. </span></li> </ol> <h1><b>Linking </b></h1> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">You may establish a link to the Site on another website, provided that:</span></p> <ol> <li> <span style="font-weight: 400;"></span><span style="font-weight: 400;"><span> </span></span><span style="font-weight: 400;">linking is permitted by the third party website;</span> </li> <li> <span style="font-weight: 400;"></span><span style="font-weight: 400;"><span> </span></span><span style="font-weight: 400;">the link is legal and not detrimental or damaging to and/or does not take unfair advantage of our reputation or business;</span> </li> <li> <span style="font-weight: 400;"></span><span style="font-weight: 400;"><span> </span></span><span style="font-weight: 400;">links are clearly and visibly marked as such;</span> </li> <li> <span style="font-weight: 400;"></span><span style="font-weight: 400;"><span> </span></span><span style="font-weight: 400;">such linking is not for advertising or promotional purposes (unless we have expressly agreed to it);</span> </li> <li> <span style="font-weight: 400;"></span><span style="font-weight: 400;"><span> </span></span><span style="font-weight: 400;">the link is not on any website which promotes any political or religious views, or promotes or depicts intolerance, hatred, discrimination, violence, pornography or illegal activity;</span> </li> <li> <span style="font-weight: 400;"></span><span style="font-weight: 400;"><span> </span></span><span style="font-weight: 400;">the link does not falsely or misleadingly imply or suggest that we endorse, approve of or are associated with the linked website, its webpages or any of its contents; </span> </li> <li> <span style="font-weight: 400;"></span><span style="font-weight: 400;"><span> </span></span><span style="font-weight: 400;">the Site is not framed on any other website; </span> </li> <li> <span style="font-weight: 400;"></span><span style="font-weight: 400;"><span> </span></span><span style="font-weight: 400;">the link will not result in automatic download; and </span> </li> <li> <span style="font-weight: 400;"></span><span style="font-weight: 400;"><span> </span></span><span style="font-weight: 400;">you do not provide access to the Site or any part of it under any other URL.</span> </li> </ol> <h1><b>Third Party Content</b></h1> <ol> <ol> <ol> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="2"><span style="font-weight: 400;">We are not liable or responsible for any third party content on the Site. Third party content includes, for example, comments, blogs and articles posted by any third parties, the content of advertisements, applications posted by other third parties and content accessed through applications.</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="2"><span style="font-weight: 400;">The Site may contain links to third-party sites or resources. These links are provided for your convenience only. We do not endorse and are not responsible or liable for any content, advertising, products or other materials on or available from external sites or resources linked to from the Site, including links contained in advertisements, including banner advertisements and sponsored links. If you decide to access any of the third-party websites linked to the Site, you do so entirely at your own risk and subject to the terms and conditions of such websites. We take no responsibility for transactions that occur between you and any third party. </span></li> </ol> </ol> </ol> <h1><b>Intellectual Property Rights</b></h1> <ol> <ol> <ol> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="2"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Unless otherwise set out herein, all of the content featured or displayed on the Site, including without limitation text, graphics, photographs, images, moving images, sound, and illustrations, is owned by us, our licensors, vendors, and content providers. All elements of the Site, including without limitation the general design and the content, are protected by trade dress, copyright, moral rights, trademark and other laws relating to intellectual property rights and are reserved in full. Our status (and that of any identified licensors) as the authors of content on our site must always be acknowledged. </span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="2"> <span style="font-weight: 400;">The name </span><b>Springer Nature</b><span style="font-weight: 400;"> and all related names, logos, product and service names, designs, and slogans are trademarks of our company or its affiliates or licensors. You must not use such marks without our prior written permission. All other names, logos, product and service names, designs, and slogans the Sites are the trademarks of their respective owners.</span> </li> </ol> </ol> </ol> <ul> <li aria-level="1"> <p><b>Monitoring. </b><span style="font-weight: 400;">We reserve the right to monitor and track your visits to the Site in accordance with our Privacy Policy, available at </span><a href="https://communities.springernature.com/privacy-policy"><span style="font-weight: 400;">https://communities.springernature.com/privacy-policy</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">. </span></p> </li> </ul> <h1><b>Maintenance of the Site </b></h1> <ol> <ol> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="2"><span style="font-weight: 400;">We may update the content on the Site from time to time, but its content is not necessarily complete or up to date. Any of the material on the Site may be out of date at any given time, and we are under no obligation to update such material.</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="2"><span style="font-weight: 400;">You acknowledge and agree that from time to time we may need to suspend access to all or part of the Site while we:</span></li> </ol> </ol> <ul> <li> <span style="font-weight: 400;"></span><span style="font-weight: 400;">fix defects and errors in the Site;</span> </li> <li> <span style="font-weight: 400;"></span><span style="font-weight: 400;">install updates and undertake general diagnosis and maintenance of the Site; and</span> </li> <li><span style="font-weight: 400;">undertake emergency maintenance and/or suspend access to the servers.</span></li> </ul> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">As a result, the Site may be less accessible or unavailable to you from time to time. We shall not be liable for any unavailability or lack of accessibility.</span></p> <h1><b>Registration</b></h1> <ul> <li aria-level="2"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Where you are required to register to use the Site or part of the Site, it is a condition of your use of the Site that all the information you provide is correct, current, and complete. We are entitled to rely on any such registration details you provide to us. Your registration with the Site must be in your own, real, name, not under any false or assumed name and not with any other person’s identity. Each person may open only one account. </span></li> </ul> <ul> <li aria-level="2"><span style="font-weight: 400;">You must be thirteen years or older to register an account.</span></li> </ul> <ol> <ol> <ol> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="2"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Unless stated otherwise, each registration is for a single user only and not for multiple users. We do not permit anyone other than you to use the sections of the Site requiring registration by using your name or password, or access to be made available to multiple users on a network or otherwise. You also agree to ensure that you exit from your account at the end of each session.</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="2"><span style="font-weight: 400;">If you choose, or you are provided with, a user identification code, password or any other piece of information as part of our security procedures, you must treat such information as confidential. You must not disclose it to any third party. You may be responsible for any loss or damage you or we may suffer as a result of your failure to do so. </span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="2"><span style="font-weight: 400;">If you know or suspect that anyone other than you knows your user identification code or password, you must promptly notify us.</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="2"><span style="font-weight: 400;">You must provide a valid email address when you register for any Site. If you provide an email address to us then you warrant to us that you are entitled to receive email to such email address. You also acknowledge and agree that we may stop sending emails to you without prior notification. You may be responsible for everything done using your registration details. You must not disclose your login details to any other person or allow anyone to access the Site using your registration details. If you think that another person may have access to, or be using, your registration details, you must inform us immediately.</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="2"> <span style="font-weight: 400;">All information you provide to register, and all data related to your actions under this registration, is governed by our Privacy Policy. </span><b> </b><span style="font-weight: 400;">We reserve the right to monitor your account.</span> </li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="2"><span style="font-weight: 400;">We may suspend or terminate your access to the Site, or prevent you from registering on the Site, at our sole discretion, without stating reasons. Where we suspend, terminate or prevent your registration, you no longer have a right to access the Site for which the registration is needed. You must not attempt to re-register or submit any content, material or applications without our prior written consent.</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="2"> <span style="font-weight: 400;">You may terminate your registration at any time without stating reasons. Notice of termination should be made to the email address provided in </span><b>clause 2.3</b><span style="font-weight: 400;"> of the Terms. </span> </li> </ol> </ol> </ol> <h1><b>User Content</b></h1> <ol> <ol> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="2"> <span style="font-weight: 400;">The Site may offer you the opportunity to contribute user content, including, without limitation, articles, commentaries, photographs, text, music, video, audio recordings, computer graphics, pictures, data, questions, comments, suggestions or personally identifiable information (“</span><b>User Content</b><span style="font-weight: 400;">”). </span> </li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="2"><span style="font-weight: 400;">The contribution of User Content by a minor is subject to the consent of his/her parent or guardian. We advise parents who permit their children to use the Site that it is important that they communicate with their children about their safety online. 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