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protection</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: labor protection"> <meta name="keywords" content="labor protection"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="labor protection"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 3101</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: labor protection</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3101</span> Factors Affecting the Effective Management of the Employee Welfare Fund at the Department of Labour Protection and Welfare</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nareerut%20Rodwring">Nareerut Rodwring</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purposes of this research were to study the current problems of the management of welfare fund at the department of labor protection and welfare, to study important factors affecting the management of welfare fund at the department of labor protection and welfare, to study major influences of the management of welfare fund at the department of labor protection and welfare, and finally to propose the proper guidelines for the management of welfare fund at the department of labor protection and welfare. This research study utilized the information from document, laws, rules, and regulations of the government, handbook for welfare, and government policy in the past. Moreover, the qualitative research was conducted by retrieving insight information from key informants, 15 persons for the committee of welfare employees, and 10 persons from a high level of management in the welfare area, academics, and experts. In terms of quantitative method, the study covers all 76 provinces and 10 areas of Bangkok. Independent variables included strategy, structure, shared value, system, whereas the dependent variables included the management factors such as speed, punctuation, and quality of work. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strategy" title="strategy">strategy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=welfare" title=" welfare"> welfare</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=labor%20protection" title=" labor protection"> labor protection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=management" title=" management"> management</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89881/factors-affecting-the-effective-management-of-the-employee-welfare-fund-at-the-department-of-labour-protection-and-welfare" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89881.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">179</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3100</span> The Economic Impact of State Paid Family Leave and Medical Acts on Working Families with Old and Disabled Adults</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ngoc%20Dao">Ngoc Dao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> State Paid Leave Programs (PFL) complement the Federal Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) by offering workers time off to take care of their newborns or sick family members with supplemental income, and further job protection. Up to date, four states (California, New Jersey, Rhode Island, and New York) implemented paid leave policies. This study adds further understanding of how state PFL policies help working families with elder parents improve their work balance by examining the paid leave policies on labor outcomes. Early findings suggest State Paid Leave Policies reduced the likelihood to exit the labor market by 1.6 percentage points, with larger effects among paid leave policies with job protection feature. In addition, the results imply job protection in paid leave policies matters in helping employed caregivers attach to the labor market. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=family%20paid%20leave" title="family paid leave">family paid leave</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=working%20caregivers" title=" working caregivers"> working caregivers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=employment" title=" employment"> employment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20welfare" title=" social welfare"> social welfare</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143334/the-economic-impact-of-state-paid-family-leave-and-medical-acts-on-working-families-with-old-and-disabled-adults" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143334.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">131</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3099</span> A Literature Review of Emotional Labor and Emotional Labor Strategies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yeong-Gyeong%20Choi">Yeong-Gyeong Choi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kyoung-Seok%20Kim"> Kyoung-Seok Kim </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study, literature review research, intends to deal with the problem of conceptual ambiguity among research on emotional labor, and to look into the evolutionary trends and changing aspects of defining the concept of emotional labor. For this, it gropes for methods for reducing conceptual ambiguity. Further, it arranges the concept of emotional labor; and examines and reviews comparatively the currents of the existing studies and looks for the characteristics and correlations of their classification criteria. That is, this study intends to arrange systematically and examine theories on emotional labor suggested hitherto, and suggest a future direction of research on emotional labor on the basis thereof. In addition, it attempts to look for positive aspects of the results of emotional labor. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emotion%20labor" title="emotion labor">emotion labor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dimensions%20of%20emotional%20labor" title=" dimensions of emotional labor"> dimensions of emotional labor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20acting" title=" surface acting"> surface acting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deep%20acting" title=" deep acting"> deep acting</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35129/a-literature-review-of-emotional-labor-and-emotional-labor-strategies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35129.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">357</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3098</span> The International Labor Organization and the Formulation of International Labor Standards</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tahraoui%20Boualem">Tahraoui Boualem</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The International Labor Organization is one of the specialized agencies of the United Nations, and it is the only organization within the United Nations system that is distinguished by its tripartite legitimacy and which simultaneously includes governments, workers' and employers' organizations of its member states in a joint effort to set standards and policies Work to promote decent work in various parts of the world, and the expression of international labor standards basically means two types of documents, namely international labor agreements and international labor recommendations, and so far its general conference, which is held annually, has set a number of standards, the number of which has reached 184 agreements and 192 recommendations so far. For this reason, it is decided to clarify the International Labor Organization and the formulation of international labor standards within two sections. In the first topic, the researcher discusses the concept of the International Labor Organization, and in the second topic, it highlights the legal basis for the authority of the International Labor Organization in protecting the rights of workers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=international%20labor" title="international labor">international labor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=international%20labor%20standards" title=" international labor standards"> international labor standards</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rights%20of%20workers" title=" rights of workers"> rights of workers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nation%E2%80%99s%20system" title=" nation’s system"> nation’s system</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170985/the-international-labor-organization-and-the-formulation-of-international-labor-standards" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170985.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">71</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3097</span> Structural Inequality and Precarious Workforce: The Role of Labor Laws in Destabilizing the Labor Force in Iran</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iman%20Shabanzadeh">Iman Shabanzadeh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Over the last three decades, the main demands of the Iranian workforce have been focused on three areas: "The right to a decent wage", "The right to organize" and "The right to job security". In order to investigate and analyze this situation, the present study focuses on the component of job security. The purpose of the study is to figure out what mechanisms in Iran's Labor Law have led to the destabilization and undermining of workers' job security. The research method is descriptive-analytical. To collect information, library and document sources in the field of laws related to labor rights in Iran and, semi-structured interviews with experts have been used. In the data analysis stage, the qualitative content analysis method was also used. The trend analysis of the statistics related to the labor force situation in Iran in the last three decades shows that the employment structure has been facing an increase in the active population, but in the last decade, a large part of this population has been mainly active in the service sector, and contract-free enterprises, so a smaller share of this employment has insurance coverage and a larger share has underemployment. In this regard, the results of this study show that four contexts have been proposed as the main legal and executive mechanisms of labor instability in Iran, which are: 1) temporaryization of the labor force by providing different interpretations of labor law, 2) adjustment labor in the public sector and the emergence of manpower contracting companies, 3) the cessation of labor law protection of workers in small workshops and 4) the existence of numerous restrictions on the effective organization of workers. The theoretical conclusion of this article is that the main root of the challenges of the labor society and the destabilized workforce in Iran is the existence of structural inequalities in the field of labor security, whose traces can be seen in the legal provisions and executive regulations of this field. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inequality" title="inequality">inequality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=precariat" title=" precariat"> precariat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temporaryization" title=" temporaryization"> temporaryization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=labor%20force" title=" labor force"> labor force</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=labor%20law" title=" labor law"> labor law</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/181541/structural-inequality-and-precarious-workforce-the-role-of-labor-laws-in-destabilizing-the-labor-force-in-iran" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/181541.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">61</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3096</span> Unravelling the Knot: Towards a Definition of ‘Digital Labor’</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marta%20D%27Onofrio">Marta D'Onofrio</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The debate on the digitalization of the economy has raised questions about how both labor and the regulation of work processes are changing due to the introduction of digital technologies in the productive system. Within the literature, the term ‘digital labor’ is commonly used to identify the impact of digitalization on labor. Despite the wide use of this term, it is still not available an unambiguous definition of it, and this could create confusion in the use of terminology and in the attempts of classification. As a consequence, the purpose of this paper is to provide for a definition and to propose a classification of ‘digital labor’, resorting to the theoretical approach of organizational studies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20labor" title="digital labor">digital labor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digitalization" title=" digitalization"> digitalization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data-driven%20algorithms" title=" data-driven algorithms"> data-driven algorithms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=big%20data" title=" big data"> big data</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organizational%20studies" title=" organizational studies"> organizational studies</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/116827/unravelling-the-knot-towards-a-definition-of-digital-labor" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/116827.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">153</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3095</span> Analysis of Labor Effectiveness at Green Tea Dry Sorting Workstation for Increasing Tea Factory Competitiveness</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bayu%20Anggara">Bayu Anggara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arita%20Dewi%20Nugrahini"> Arita Dewi Nugrahini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Didik%20Purwadi"> Didik Purwadi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Dry sorting workstation needs labor to produce green tea in Gambung Tea Factory. Observation results show that there is labor who are not working at the moment and doing overtime jobs to meet production targets. The measurement of the level of labor effectiveness has never been done before. The purpose of this study is to determine the level of labor effectiveness and provide recommendations for improvement based on the results of the Pareto diagram and Ishikawa diagram. The method used to measure the level of labor effectiveness is Overall Labor Effectiveness (OLE). OLE had three indicators which are availability, performance, and quality. Recommendations are made based on the results of the Pareto diagram and Ishikawa diagram for indicators that do not meet world standards. Based on the results of the study, the OLE value was 68.19%. Recommendations given to improve labor performance are adding mechanics, rescheduling rest periods, providing special training for labor, and giving rewards to labor. Furthermore, the recommendations for improving the quality of labor are procuring water content measuring devices, create material standard policies, and rescheduling rest periods. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ishikawa%20diagram" title="Ishikawa diagram">Ishikawa diagram</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=labor%20effectiveness" title=" labor effectiveness"> labor effectiveness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OLE" title=" OLE"> OLE</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pareto%20diagram" title=" Pareto diagram"> Pareto diagram</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141467/analysis-of-labor-effectiveness-at-green-tea-dry-sorting-workstation-for-increasing-tea-factory-competitiveness" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141467.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">229</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3094</span> The Labor Market in Western Balcans</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lavdosh%20Lazemetaj">Lavdosh Lazemetaj</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The labor market in W.B. Countries presents problems and challenges, this is dictated by different risk factors. The levels of unemployment in the region are high and the rates of its reduction are a challenge. This paper presents these challenges and problems that the countries face. of the BP region. The region as a whole and the countries in their particularity are analyzed, according to the specifics, the development trends related to the labor market are looked at. Conclusions are also given that emerge from the analysis of the labor markets prior to the monitoring done by the EU and the World Bank. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Economic%20Development" title="Economic Development">Economic Development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=European%20Union" title=" European Union"> European Union</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Economic%20Growth" title=" Economic Growth"> Economic Growth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Labor%20Market" title=" Labor Market"> Labor Market</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158314/the-labor-market-in-western-balcans" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158314.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">95</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3093</span> An Investigation of the Effectiveness and Quality Service of Thai Labor Fund</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chutikarn%20Sriviboon">Chutikarn Sriviboon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objectives of this research were to study the operation of the Labor Fund and to investigate the needs for money and assistance from Thai laborers both from within the system and out of the system and to compare between the assistance from domestic and international funds. The population of this study included three labor groups: group one was laborer in the system who were the members of saving cooperative, group two was laborer in the system who were not the members of saving cooperative, and group three was laborer who were not in the system. This was a mixed research of quantitative and qualitative methods. The findings can be categorized into four parts. First, the labor fund was beneficial to Thai laborers by giving access to government funds but the weakness was found to be poor public relations. Second, the labor funds should extend their assistance to laborer in the system who was not the members of saving cooperative. Third, the comparison between domestic labor funds and international labor funds revealed that there were no international funds which provided assistance the same way as Thai labor funds. Finally, there was a need to improve the management of labor funds and to provide long term assistance to Thai labors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=effectiveness" title="effectiveness">effectiveness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quality" title=" quality"> quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=labor%20funds" title=" labor funds"> labor funds</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=service" title=" service"> service</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10774/an-investigation-of-the-effectiveness-and-quality-service-of-thai-labor-fund" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10774.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">356</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3092</span> Human Resource Utilization Models for Graceful Ageing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chuang-Chun%20Chiou">Chuang-Chun Chiou</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, a systematic framework of graceful ageing has been used to explore the possible human resource utilization models for graceful ageing purpose. This framework is based on the Chinese culture. We call ‘Nine-old’ target. They are ageing gracefully with feeding, accomplishment, usefulness, learning, entertainment, care, protection, dignity, and termination. This study is focused on two areas: accomplishment and usefulness. We exam the current practices of initiatives and laws of promoting labor participation. That is to focus on how to increase Labor Force Participation Rate of the middle aged as well as the elderly and try to promote the elderly to achieve graceful ageing. Then we present the possible models that support graceful ageing. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20resource%20utilization%20model" title="human resource utilization model">human resource utilization model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=labor%20participation" title=" labor participation"> labor participation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=graceful%20ageing" title=" graceful ageing"> graceful ageing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=employment" title=" employment"> employment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39445/human-resource-utilization-models-for-graceful-ageing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39445.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">390</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3091</span> Continuance Commitment of Retail Pharmacist in a Labor Shortage: Results from the Questionnaire Survey</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shigeaki%20Mishima">Shigeaki Mishima</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Pharmacist labor shortage has become a long-term problem in Japan. This paper discusses the relationship between organizational commitment and pharmacists' organizational behavior in the context of labor shortage. Based on a multidimensional view of organizational commitment, effective commitment and continuous commitment are measured. It is suggested that the continuous commitment has a unique impact on withholding information behavior. We also discuss the impact of labor supply and demand on continuous commitment of retail pharmacist. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organizational%20commitment" title="organizational commitment">organizational commitment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pharmacist" title=" pharmacist"> pharmacist</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=labor%20shortage" title=" labor shortage"> labor shortage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=professional" title=" professional"> professional</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24422/continuance-commitment-of-retail-pharmacist-in-a-labor-shortage-results-from-the-questionnaire-survey" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24422.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">409</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3090</span> An Estimation Process for Progress Rate Based on Labor-Quantity in Republic of Korea</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dong-Ho%20Kim">Dong-Ho Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zheng-Xun%20Jin"> Zheng-Xun Jin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yong-Woon%20Cha"> Yong-Woon Cha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Su-Sang%20Lim"> Su-Sang Lim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sang-Won%20Han"> Sang-Won Han</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chang-Taek%20Hyun"> Chang-Taek Hyun</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> As construction is a labor-intensive industry, it is important to identify and manage labor quantities for accurate progress management of the construction project. However, the progress management that focuses on construction cost calculated based on materials rather than labor quantities has led to a difference in the implementation of cost and progress of the actual construction. In addition, since it is not easy to predict accurate labor quantities in the estimation of labor quantity-based progress rate, there have been limited researches into the progress rate estimation based on labor quantity. Accordingly, this study proposed a process for labor quantity-based progress rate estimation using a standard of estimate to predict accurate progress rate of the construction project in Republic Korea. It is expected that the utilization of the proposed process will help to identify the progress rate closer to that of the actual site management and adjust the workforce in each construction type, thereby contributing to improving construction efficiency. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=labor%20based" title="labor based">labor based</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=labor%20cost" title=" labor cost"> labor cost</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=progress%20management" title=" progress management"> progress management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=progress%20rate" title=" progress rate"> progress rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=progress%20payment" title=" progress payment"> progress payment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37197/an-estimation-process-for-progress-rate-based-on-labor-quantity-in-republic-of-korea" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37197.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">344</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3089</span> Two Steady States and Two Movement Patterns under the Balanced Budget Rule: An Economy with Divisible Labor</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fujio%20Takata">Fujio Takata</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> When governments levy taxes on labor income on the basis of a balanced budget rule, two steady states in an economy exist, of which one can cause two movement patterns, namely, indeterminacy paths and a saddle path. However, in this paper, we assume an economy with divisible labor, in which labor adjustment is made by an intensive margin. We demonstrate that there indeed exist the two paths in the economy and that there exists a critical condition dividing them. This is proved by establishing the relationship between a finite elasticity of labor with regard to real wages and the share of capital in output. Consequently, we deduce the existence of an upper limit in the share of capital in output for indeterminacy to occur. The largest possible value of that share is less than 0.5698. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=balanced%20budget%20rule" title="balanced budget rule">balanced budget rule</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=divisible%20labor" title=" divisible labor"> divisible labor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=labor%20income%20taxation" title=" labor income taxation"> labor income taxation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=two%20movement%20patterns" title=" two movement patterns"> two movement patterns</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/134178/two-steady-states-and-two-movement-patterns-under-the-balanced-budget-rule-an-economy-with-divisible-labor" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/134178.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">163</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3088</span> Quantile Smoothing Splines: Application on Productivity of Enterprises</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Semra%20Turkan">Semra Turkan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we have examined the factors that affect the productivity of Turkey’s Top 500 Industrial Enterprises in 2014. The labor productivity of enterprises is taken as an indicator of productivity of industrial enterprises. When the relationships between some financial ratios and labor productivity, it is seen that there is a nonparametric relationship between labor productivity and return on sales. In addition, the distribution of labor productivity of enterprises is right-skewed. If the dependent distribution is skewed, the quantile regression is more suitable for this data. Hence, the nonparametric relationship between labor productivity and return on sales by quantile smoothing splines. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quantile%20regression" title="quantile regression">quantile regression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=smoothing%20spline" title=" smoothing spline"> smoothing spline</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=labor%20productivity" title=" labor productivity"> labor productivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=financial%20ratios" title=" financial ratios"> financial ratios</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60552/quantile-smoothing-splines-application-on-productivity-of-enterprises" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60552.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">302</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3087</span> Labor Legislation and Female Economic Empowerment: Evidence from Night Work, Regulatory and Seating Laws</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lamis%20Kattan">Lamis Kattan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joanne%20Haddad"> Joanne Haddad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper examines the impact of gender focused labor legislation on women's labor force participation and economic empowerment. We rely on historical legislative acts passed by state legislatures and exploit whether or not states passed regulatory laws regulating overall and industry specific employment and work conditions for women, night work laws and labor laws requiring provision of seats for working women. We exploit the fact that not all states enacted these laws as well as the variation in the timing of enactment of such laws. Our results show that women in comparison to men in treated states are more likely to be in the labor force post introduction of night work laws in comparison to control states. We also document the effect of industry-specific labor policies on women's likelihood to be employed in the affected industry and in higher-wage occupations within the industry of interest. Policy implications of our findings endorse the adoption of labor laws in favor of women to advocate their empowerment through a higher involvement in the labor market and financial independence. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=female%20employment" title="female employment">female employment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=labor%20laws" title=" labor laws"> labor laws</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=marriage" title=" marriage"> marriage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fertility" title=" fertility"> fertility</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157953/labor-legislation-and-female-economic-empowerment-evidence-from-night-work-regulatory-and-seating-laws" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157953.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">97</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3086</span> Gig Economy Development Trends in Georgia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nino%20Grigolaia">Nino Grigolaia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper discusses the importance of the development of the gig economy in the economy of Georgia, analyzes the trends of the development of the gig economy, and identifies the main challenges in this field. Objective. The objective of the study is to assess the role of the gig economy, identify the main challenges and develop recommendations. Methodologies. Analysis, synthesis, comparison, induction and other methods are used; A desk study has been conducted. Findings. The advantages and disadvantages of the gig economy are identified, and the impact of the changes caused by the development of the gig economy on labor relations and employment is determined. It is argued that the ongoing technological changes have led to the emergence of new global trends in the labor market and increased the inequality of income distribution. Conclusions. Based on the analysis of the gig economy in the world and in Georgia, relevant recommendations are proposed, namely: establishing a new system of regulating the incomes of employees in this field, developing a real social protection mechanism, Development of political and legal instruments for regulation of gig economy and others. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gig%20economy" title="gig economy">gig economy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economy%20of%20Georgia" title=" economy of Georgia"> economy of Georgia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20platforms" title=" digital platforms"> digital platforms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=labor%20relations" title=" labor relations"> labor relations</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/177527/gig-economy-development-trends-in-georgia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/177527.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">68</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3085</span> The Economic Effects of Crowdworking: A Comparative Analysis of Germany, Ukraine, and the United States</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lars%20Hornuf">Lars Hornuf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Valeriia%20Khlopchyk"> Valeriia Khlopchyk</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The labor market is experiencing a significant transformation as traditional employment is being progressively supplemented or replaced by temporary, platform-mediated work. However, the full extent and impact of this shift remain not fully measured yet. In this study, we explore the size and dynamics of the crowdworking industry. Most existing studies on the number and earnings of crowdworkers are based on surveys and interviews and can be subject to reporting bias. To overcome this limitation, we adopt a hard data approach by leveraging data from multiple online platforms to provide a more comprehensive and unbiased assessment of the crowdworking industry. We estimate the number of crowdworkers, crowdworking platform revenues, and crowdworkers earnings. Additionally, we analyze the existing labor relationships and tax implications in the crowdworking industry. Our findings indicate that the number of crowdworkers shows a substantial annual growth of 11.28%. Furthermore, our study estimates the revenues of crowdworking platforms and the earnings of crowdworkers showing consistent annual growth, which demonstrates the shift in perception from crowdwork being a supplementary income to a primary source of income. We also reveal that most crowdworkers are classified as independent contractors and are solely responsible for taxation, highlighting the lack of labor protection for crowdworkers and the challenges for tax authorities in tracking taxation and recovering unpaid taxes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crowdsourcing" title="crowdsourcing">crowdsourcing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=online%20labor" title=" online labor"> online labor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=platform%20economy" title=" platform economy"> platform economy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=online%20work" title=" online work"> online work</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=labor%20supply" title=" labor supply"> labor supply</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192795/the-economic-effects-of-crowdworking-a-comparative-analysis-of-germany-ukraine-and-the-united-states" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192795.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">21</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3084</span> Gender Dimension of Migrations Influenced by Genocide and Feminicides around the Globe</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lejla%20Mu%C5%A1i%C4%87">Lejla Mušić</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Gender dimension of migration analyzes the intersection in between the world statistics on male and female migrations, around the world, involving the questions of youth migrations. Comparative analyses of world migration statistics as methodology offer the insight into the position of women in labor market around world. There are different forms of youth debris in contemporary world. The main problems are illegal migration, feminization of poverty, kidnapping the girls in Nigeria, femicides in Juarez and Mexico. Illegal migrations involve forced labor, rape and prostitution. Transgender youth share ideas through the online media (anti-bullying videos) and develop their own styles such as anarcho-punk, rave, or rock. Therefore, the stronger gender equality laws and laws for protection of women on work should be enforced. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hyperfeminisation" title="hyperfeminisation">hyperfeminisation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rape" title=" rape"> rape</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gangs%20of%20girls" title=" gangs of girls"> gangs of girls</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rent%20boys%20masculinities" title=" rent boys masculinities"> rent boys masculinities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Varo%C3%A7%20in%20Istanbul" title=" Varoç in Istanbul"> Varoç in Istanbul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forced%20labor" title=" forced labor"> forced labor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rape%20and%20prostitution" title=" rape and prostitution"> rape and prostitution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=illegal%20emigrations" title=" illegal emigrations"> illegal emigrations</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78582/gender-dimension-of-migrations-influenced-by-genocide-and-feminicides-around-the-globe" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78582.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">257</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3083</span> Importance of Access to Public Information on Modern Slavery for Brazil's Livestock Sector</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juliana%20Brandao">Juliana Brandao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Holly%20Gibbs"> Holly Gibbs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lisa%20Naughton"> Lisa Naughton</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lisa%20Rausch"> Lisa Rausch</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Brazilian Amazon continues to be plagued by modern day slave labor, specifically within the cattle production industry. In response to this issue, modern day anti-slavery activists have implemented additional regulations designed to combat slave labor associated with cattle. These regulations have been incorporated into existing agreements designed to control deforestation. The goal of these rules is to prevent the trade of beef contaminated with modern slave labor between supplier farms and slaughterhouses. In this study, we identify farms that make use of modern slave labor, and we use cattle transaction data to track the sale of cattle between farms and slaughterhouses. Our analysis reveals that slaughterhouses, which have signed cattle agreements that include requirements to refuse cattle associated with modern slave labor, have avoided buying cattle from suppliers that were on the dirty list. This trend is especially evident when the "dirty lists" that identify modern-day slave labor users are made publicly accessible online. We conclude that the "dirty list" of modern-day slave labor users should be maintained on publicly available websites to allow slaughterhouses, retailers, and consumers to send powerful market signals that discourage the use of modern-day slave labor. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cattle%20ranchers" title="cattle ranchers">cattle ranchers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modern%20slave%20labor" title=" modern slave labor"> modern slave labor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deforestation" title=" deforestation"> deforestation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=brazilian%20amazon" title=" brazilian amazon"> brazilian amazon</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163594/importance-of-access-to-public-information-on-modern-slavery-for-brazils-livestock-sector" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163594.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">116</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3082</span> The Determinants of Female Participation to the Labour Force in Turkey</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zeynep%20Karacor">Zeynep Karacor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rahime%20Hulya%20Ozturk"> Rahime Hulya Ozturk</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Located in developing countries but with the successful performance in recent years have shown in emerging economies , the labor factor has undoubtedly an important place in Turkish economy. The theorists have emphasized the importance of labor and human capital factors for many years. The importance of human capital is emerging in the process of determining the labor force participation rate. It is relatively easy to employ qualified labor force but employment of unskilled labor is particularly difficult. Another factor affecting the gender differences are employment opportunities in the labor force. In our country, the employment conditions of men and women differ. Factors causing these differentials are inherent job requirements, the social structure of society, women's point of view, working hours, working conditions. Crisis in our country in recent years have significantly affect the labor force participation rates. In particular, women's labor force participation rates have shown a decrease in crisis.In crisis female laborforce leave their job and go their home. It is the sole provider of social perception of men so in crisis period it is considered that woman lost their job. In the first part of this study the current situation in the world of female participation in the labor force in Turkey will examine. In the second part of the study literature will be examined. In the third and last part of the study factors of determinants of female labor force participation rate analysis will done by Granger Causality Analysis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=female%20labour%20force" title="female labour force">female labour force</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=employment" title=" employment"> employment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=labor%20force" title=" labor force"> labor force</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Turkey" title=" Turkey"> Turkey</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59821/the-determinants-of-female-participation-to-the-labour-force-in-turkey" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59821.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">290</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3081</span> Comparing Skill, Employment, and Productivity of Industrial City Case Study: Bekasi Industrial Area and Special Economic Zone Sei Mangkei</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Auliya%20Adzillatin%20Uzhma">Auliya Adzillatin Uzhma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Adrian%20Rizky"> M. Adrian Rizky</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Puri%20Diah%20Santyarini"> Puri Diah Santyarini</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Bekasi Industrial Area in Kab. Bekasi and SEZ (Special Economic Zone) Sei Mangkei in Kab. Simalungun are two areas whose have the same main economic activity that are manufacturing industrial. Manufacturing industry in Bekasi Industrial Area contributes more than 70% of Kab. Bekasi’s GDP, while manufacturing industry in SEZ Sei Mangkei contributes less than 20% of Kab. Simalungun’s GDP. The dependent variable in the research is labor productivity, while the independent variable is the amount of labor, the level of labor education, the length of work and salary. This research used linear regression method to find the model for represent actual condition of productivity in two industrial area, then the equalization using dummy variable on labor education level variable. The initial hypothesis (Ho) in this research is that labor productivity in Bekasi Industrial Area will be higher than the productivity of labor in SEZ Sei Mangkei. The variable that supporting the accepted hypothesis are more labor, higher education, longer work and higher salary in Bekasi Industrial Area. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=labor" title="labor">labor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=industrial%20city" title=" industrial city"> industrial city</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=linear%20regression" title=" linear regression"> linear regression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=productivity" title=" productivity"> productivity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85694/comparing-skill-employment-and-productivity-of-industrial-city-case-study-bekasi-industrial-area-and-special-economic-zone-sei-mangkei" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85694.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">180</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3080</span> A Literature Review of Emotional Labor and Non-Task Behavior</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yeong-Gyeong%20%20Choi">Yeong-Gyeong Choi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kyoung-Seok%20%20Kim"> Kyoung-Seok Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study, literature review research, intends to deal with the problem of conceptual ambiguity among research on emotional labor, and to look into the evolutionary trends and changing aspects of defining the concept of emotional labor. In addition, in existing studies, deep acting and surface acting are highly related to a positive outcome variable and a negative outcome variable, respectively. It was confirmed that for employees performing emotional labor, deep acting and surface acting are highly related to OCB and CWB, respectively. While positive emotion that employees come to experience during job performance process can easily trigger a positive non-task behavior such as OCB, negative emotion that employees experience through excessive workload or unfair treatment can easily induce a negative behavior like CWB. The two management behaviors of emotional labor, surface acting and deep acting, can have either a positive or negative effect on non-task behavior of employees, depending on which one they would choose. Thus, the purpose of this review paper is to clarify the relationship between emotional labor and non-task behavior more specifically. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emotion%20labor" title="emotion labor">emotion labor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-task%20behavior" title=" non-task behavior"> non-task behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OCB" title=" OCB"> OCB</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CWB" title=" CWB"> CWB</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31083/a-literature-review-of-emotional-labor-and-non-task-behavior" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31083.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">351</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3079</span> The Nexus between Migration and Human Security: The Case of Ethiopian Female Migration to Sudan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anwar%20Hassen%20Tsega">Anwar Hassen Tsega</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> International labor migration is an integral part of the modern globalized world. However, the phenomenon has its roots in some earlier periods in human history. This paper discusses the relatively new phenomenon of female migration in Africa. In the past, African women migrants were only spouses or dependent family members. But as modernity swept most African societies, with rising unemployment rates, there is evidence everywhere in Africa that women labor migration is a growing phenomenon that deserves to be understood in the context of human security research. This work explores these issues further, focusing on the experience of Ethiopian women labor migrants to Sudan. The migration of Ethiopian people to Sudan is historical; nevertheless, labor migration mainly started since the discovery and subsequent exploration of oil in the Sudan. While the paper is concerned with the human security aspect of the migrant workers, we need to be certain that the migration process will provide with a decent wage, good working conditions, the necessary social security coverage, and labor protection as a whole. However, migration to Sudan is not always safe and female migrants become subject to violence at the hands of brokers, employers and migration officials. For this matter, the paper argued that identifying the vulnerable stages and major problem facing female migrant workers at various stages of migration is a prerequisite to combat the problem and secure the lives of the migrant workers. The major problems female migrants face include extra degrees of gender-based violence, underpayment, various forms of abuse like verbal, physical and sexual and other forms of torture which include beating and slaps. This peculiar situation could be attributed to the fact that most of these women are irregular migrants and fall under the category of unskilled and/or illiterate migrants. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20security" title=" human security"> human security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=labor%20migration" title=" labor migration"> labor migration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sudan" title=" Sudan"> Sudan</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43807/the-nexus-between-migration-and-human-security-the-case-of-ethiopian-female-migration-to-sudan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43807.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">251</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3078</span> The Impact of Gender Inequality on Corruption:Evidence from Politics and Labor Market </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahmoud%20Salari">Mahmoud Salari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Corruption and gender inequality are the main topics of interest for both economists and policymakers. This study develops various static and dynamic estimation models to examine the impact of gender inequality in politics and the labor market on corruption using data of 170 countries from 1998 to 2014. This study uses two most reliable corruption indexes, including Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) and Corruption Control (CC), to evaluate corruption levels across countries. The results indicate that gender inequality in politics has a strong impact on corruption level, and those countries that have larger/smaller gender inequality in their parliaments are faced with higher/lower corruption, respectively. Meanwhile, there is no enough evidence that supports the relationship between gender inequality in the labor market and corruption, and the results indicate that gender inequality in the labor market is not directly linked to the corruption level. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corruption" title="corruption">corruption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=female%20labor%20force%20participation" title=" female labor force participation"> female labor force participation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=politics" title=" politics"> politics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gender%20inequality" title=" gender inequality"> gender inequality</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/116029/the-impact-of-gender-inequality-on-corruptionevidence-from-politics-and-labor-market" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/116029.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">187</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3077</span> Immigration and Gender Equality – An Analysis of the Labor Market Characteristics of Turkish Migrants Living in Germany</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Asarkaya">C. Asarkaya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Z.%20Siretioglu%20Girgin"> S. Z. Siretioglu Girgin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Turkish migrants constitute the largest group among people with migration background living in Germany. Turkish women’s labor market participation is of significant importance for their social and economic integration to the German society. This paper thus aims to investigate their labor market positions. Turkish migrant women participate less in the labor market compared to men, and are responsible for most of the housework, child care, and elderly care. This is due to their traditional roles in the family, educational level, insufficient knowledge of German language, and insufficient professional experience. We strongly recommend that wide-reaching integration policies for women are formulated, so as to encourage participation of not only migrant women but also their husbands, fathers and/or brothers, and natives. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=empowerment" title="empowerment">empowerment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Germany" title=" Germany"> Germany</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=labor%20market" title=" labor market"> labor market</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=migration" title=" migration"> migration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Turkish" title=" Turkish"> Turkish</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=women" title=" women"> women</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20162/immigration-and-gender-equality-an-analysis-of-the-labor-market-characteristics-of-turkish-migrants-living-in-germany" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20162.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">495</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3076</span> Labor Productivity in the Construction Industry: Factors Influencing the Spanish Construction Labor Productivity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20Robles">G. Robles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Stifi"> A. Stifi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jos%C3%A9%20L.%20Ponz-Tienda"> José L. Ponz-Tienda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Gentes"> S. Gentes</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research paper aims to identify, analyze and rank factors affecting labor productivity in Spain with respect to their relative importance. Using a selected set of 35 factors, a structured questionnaire survey was utilized as the method to collect data from companies. Target population is comprised by a random representative sample of practitioners related with the Spanish construction industry. Findings reveal the top five ranked factors are as follows: (1) shortage or late supply of materials; (2) clarity of the drawings and project documents; (3) clear and daily task assignment; (4) tools or equipment shortages; (5) level of skill and experience of laborers. Additionally, this research also pretends to provide simple and comprehensive recommendations so that they could be implemented by construction managers for an effective management of construction labor forces. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=construction%20management" title="construction management">construction management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=factors" title=" factors"> factors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=improvement" title=" improvement"> improvement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=labor%20productivity" title=" labor productivity"> labor productivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lean%20construction" title=" lean construction"> lean construction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16860/labor-productivity-in-the-construction-industry-factors-influencing-the-spanish-construction-labor-productivity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16860.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">292</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3075</span> Political Economy on the Recent Labor Condition in the Philippines: A Literature Review</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lloyd%20B.%20Ranises">Lloyd B. Ranises</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Philippine labor force has been affected by the pandemic recently. The situation was added by the high inflation rate, which makes matter worse. Since the Philippines has a new government after the 2022 national election, the labor condition under the previous government has been passed on to the new one. To understand the labor challenges the present government faces, this study revisits the labor conditions and responses of the previous government from 2016 to 2022. Thus, this study reviews the labor force of the Philippines within the time frame. It explores the challenges in the labor market and examines government policy. This study uses secondary sources in tracing the labor conditions and government actions that addressed them. The Literatures are consolidated to see its relevance to the new government’s labor policy. This study found that the labor force had a sluggish growth earlier until 2018 and thrived on but was affected by the pandemic. By 2020, the National Capital Region’s labor force dropped, although, after which, it begins to thrive again, showing recovery. However, its composition is much more complex. Cognitive skill is high in demand that requires tertiary education. But the production of goods and services is low in the scientific workforce in addition to the mismatch between position and profession. Moreover, Philippine labor has poor female participation. In addition to these complexities, the agricultural rural areas have high underemployment, which implies surplus labor of low skill. Overseas employment, on the other, is significant to the decrease in domestic production. The major responses of the previous government, by far, have been focused on the minimum wage increase and the social services and health insurance, which are appropriate to the post-pandemic needs. Yet still, some issues are unattended. This study concludes that the previous government’s policy needs to be fleshed out substantially. It necessitates that the new administration shall consider encompassing all aspects of the Philippine labor force to sustain and strengthen the economy of the country. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cognitive%20skills" title="cognitive skills">cognitive skills</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=minimum%20wage" title=" minimum wage"> minimum wage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=national%20capital%20region" title=" national capital region"> national capital region</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=underemployment" title=" underemployment"> underemployment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154193/political-economy-on-the-recent-labor-condition-in-the-philippines-a-literature-review" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154193.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">111</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3074</span> Gender Inequality in the Nigerian Labour Market as a Cause of Unemployment among Female Graduates</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Temitope%20Faloye">Temitope Faloye</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The absence of equity and transparency in Nigeria's economic system has resulted in unemployment. Women’s unemployment rate remains higher because women's range of jobs is often narrower due to discriminatory attitudes of employers and gender segregation in the labor market. Gender inequality is one of the strong factors of unemployment, especially in developing countries like Nigeria, where the female gender is marginalized in the labor force market. However, gender equality in terms of labor market access and employment condition has not yet been attained. Feminist theory is considered as an appropriate theory for this study. The study will use a mixed-method design, collecting qualitative and quantitative data to provide answers to the research questions. Therefore, the research study aims to investigate the present situation of gender inequality in the Nigerian labor market. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unemployment" title="unemployment">unemployment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gender%20inequality" title=" gender inequality"> gender inequality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gender%20equality" title=" gender equality"> gender equality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=labor%20market" title=" labor market"> labor market</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=female%20graduate" title=" female graduate"> female graduate</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140827/gender-inequality-in-the-nigerian-labour-market-as-a-cause-of-unemployment-among-female-graduates" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140827.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">243</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3073</span> Circular Labour Migration and Its Consequences in Georgia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manana%20Lobzhanidze">Manana Lobzhanidze</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: The paper will argue that labor migration is the most important problem Georgia faces today. The structure of labor migration by age and gender of Georgia is analyzed. The main driving factors of circular labor migration during the last ten years are identified. While studying migration, it is necessary to discuss the interconnection of economic, social, and demographic features, also taking into consideration the policy of state regulations in terms of education and professional training. Methodology: Different research methods are applied in the presented paper: statistical, such as selection, grouping, observation, trend, and qualitative research methods, namely; analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, comparison ones. Main Findings: Labour migrants are filling the labor market as a low salary worker. The main positive feedback of migration from developing countries is poverty eradication, but this process is accompanied by problems, such as 'Brain Drain'. The country loses an important part of its intellectual potential, and it is invested by households or state itself. Conclusions: Labor migration is characterized to be temporary, but socio-economic problems of the country often push the labor migration in the direction of longterm and illegal migration. Countries with developed economies try to stricter migration policy and fight illegal migration with different methods; circular migration helps solve this problem. Conclusions and recommendations are included about circular labor migration consequences in Georgia and its influence on the reduction of unemployment level. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=migration" title="migration">migration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=circular%20labor%20migration" title=" circular labor migration"> circular labor migration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=labor%20migration%20employment" title=" labor migration employment"> labor migration employment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unemployment" title=" unemployment"> unemployment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/124359/circular-labour-migration-and-its-consequences-in-georgia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/124359.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">179</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3072</span> Cybervetting and Online Privacy in Job Recruitment – Perspectives on the Current and Future Legislative Framework Within the EU</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nicole%20Christiansen">Nicole Christiansen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hanne%20Marie%20Motzfeldt"> Hanne Marie Motzfeldt</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In recent years, more and more HR professionals have been using cyber-vetting in job recruitment in an effort to find the perfect match for the company. These practices are growing rapidly, accessing a vast amount of data from social networks, some of which is privileged and protected information. Thus, there is a risk that the right to privacy is becoming a duty to manage your private data. This paper investigates to which degree a job applicant's fundamental rights are protected adequately in current and future legislation in the EU. This paper argues that current data protection regulations and forthcoming regulations on the use of AI ensure sufficient protection. However, even though the regulation on paper protects employees within the EU, the recruitment sector may not pay sufficient attention to the regulation as it not specifically targeting this area. Therefore, the lack of specific labor and employment regulation is a concern that the social partners should attend to. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AI" title="AI">AI</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cyber%20vetting" title=" cyber vetting"> cyber vetting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data%20protection" title=" data protection"> data protection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=job%20recruitment" title=" job recruitment"> job recruitment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=online%20privacy" title=" online privacy"> online privacy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168887/cybervetting-and-online-privacy-in-job-recruitment-perspectives-on-the-current-and-future-legislative-framework-within-the-eu" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a 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