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respiratory infections</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: acute respiratory infections"> <meta name="keywords" content="acute respiratory infections"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="acute respiratory infections"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 2221</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: acute respiratory infections</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1981</span> Post-bladder Catheter Infection</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahla%20Azimi">Mahla Azimi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Post-bladder catheter infection is a common and significant healthcare-associated infection that affects individuals with indwelling urinary catheters. These infections can lead to various complications, including urinary tract infections (UTIs), bacteremia, sepsis, and increased morbidity and mortality rates. This article aims to provide a comprehensive review of post-bladder catheter infections, including their causes, risk factors, clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment options, and preventive measures. Causes and Risk Factors: Post-bladder catheter infections primarily occur due to the colonization of microorganisms on the surface of the urinary catheter. The most common pathogens involved are Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterococcus species. Several risk factors contribute to the development of these infections, such as prolonged catheterization duration, improper insertion technique, poor hygiene practices during catheter care, compromised immune system function in patients with underlying conditions or immunosuppressive therapy. Clinical Presentation: Patients with post-bladder catheter infections may present with symptoms such as fever, chills, malaise, suprapubic pain or tenderness, and cloudy or foul-smelling urine. In severe cases or when left untreated for an extended period of time, patients may develop more severe symptoms like hematuria or signs of systemic infection. Diagnosis: The diagnosis of post-bladder catheter infection involves a combination of clinical evaluation and laboratory investigations. Urinalysis is crucial in identifying pyuria (presence of white blood cells) and bacteriuria (presence of bacteria). A urine culture is performed to identify the causative organism(s) and determine its antibiotic susceptibility profile. Treatment Options: Prompt initiation of appropriate antibiotic therapy is essential in managing post-bladder catheter infections. Empirical treatment should cover common pathogens until culture results are available. The choice of antibiotics should be guided by local antibiogram data to ensure optimal therapy. In some cases, catheter removal may be necessary, especially if the infection is recurrent or associated with severe complications. Preventive Measures: Prevention plays a vital role in reducing the incidence of post-bladder catheter infections. Strategies include proper hand hygiene, aseptic technique during catheter insertion and care, regular catheter maintenance, and timely removal of unnecessary catheters. Healthcare professionals should also promote patient education regarding self-care practices and signs of infection. Conclusion: Post-bladder catheter infections are a significant healthcare concern that can lead to severe complications and increased healthcare costs. Early recognition, appropriate diagnosis, and prompt treatment are crucial in managing these infections effectively. Implementing preventive measures can significantly reduce the incidence of post-bladder catheter infections and improve patient outcomes. Further research is needed to explore novel strategies for prevention and management in this field. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=post-bladder%20catheter%20infection" title="post-bladder catheter infection">post-bladder catheter infection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urinary%20tract%20infection" title=" urinary tract infection"> urinary tract infection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bacteriuria" title=" bacteriuria"> bacteriuria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indwelling%20urinary%20catheters" title=" indwelling urinary catheters"> indwelling urinary catheters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prevention" title=" prevention"> prevention</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170185/post-bladder-catheter-infection" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170185.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">81</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1980</span> Epidemiological Patterns of Pediatric Fever of Unknown Origin</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arup%20Dutta">Arup Dutta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Badrul%20Alam"> Badrul Alam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sayed%20M.%20Wazed"> Sayed M. Wazed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Taslima%20Newaz"> Taslima Newaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Srobonti%20Dutta"> Srobonti Dutta</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: In today's world, with modern science and contemporary technology, a lot of diseases may be quickly identified and ruled out, but children's fever of unknown origin (FUO) still presents diagnostic difficulties in clinical settings. Any fever that reaches 38 °C and lasts for more than seven days without a known cause is now classified as a fever of unknown origin (FUO). Despite tremendous progress in the medical sector, fever of unknown origin, or FOU, persists as a major health issue and a major contributor to morbidity and mortality, particularly in children, and its spectrum is sometimes unpredictable. The etiology is influenced by geographic location, age, socioeconomic level, frequency of antibiotic resistance, and genetic vulnerability. Since there are currently no known diagnostic algorithms, doctors are forced to evaluate each patient one at a time with extreme caution. A persistent fever poses difficulties for both the patient and the doctor. This prospective observational study was carried out in a Bangladeshi tertiary care hospital from June 2018 to May 2019 with the goal of identifying the epidemiological patterns of fever of unknown origin in pediatric patients. Methods: It was a hospital-based prospective observational study carried out on 106 children (between 2 months and 12 years) with prolonged fever of >38.0 °C lasting for more than 7 days without a clear source. Children with additional chronic diseases or known immunodeficiency problems were not allowed. Clinical practices that helped determine the definitive etiology were assessed. Initial testing included a complete blood count, a routine urine examination, PBF, a chest X-ray, CRP measurement, blood cultures, serology, and additional pertinent investigations. The analysis focused mostly on the etiological results. The standard program SPSS 21 was used to analyze all of the study data. Findings: A total of 106 patients identified as having FUO were assessed, with over half (57.5%) being female and the majority (40.6%) falling within the 1 to 3-year age range. The study categorized the etiological outcomes into five groups: infections, malignancies, connective tissue conditions, miscellaneous, and undiagnosed. In the group that was being studied, infections were found to be the main cause in 44.3% of cases. Undiagnosed cases came in at 31.1%, cancers at 10.4%, other causes at 8.5%, and connective tissue disorders at 4.7%. Hepato-splenomegaly was seen in people with enteric fever, malaria, acute lymphoid leukemia, lymphoma, and hepatic abscesses, either by itself or in combination with other conditions. About 53% of people who were not diagnosed also had hepato-splenomegaly at the same time. Conclusion: Infections are the primary cause of PUO (pyrexia of unknown origin) in children, with undiagnosed cases being the second most common cause. An incremental approach is beneficial in the process of diagnosing a condition. Non-invasive examinations are used to diagnose infections and connective tissue disorders, while invasive investigations are used to diagnose cancer and other ailments. According to this study, the prevalence of undiagnosed diseases is still remarkable, so extensive historical analysis and physical examinations are necessary in order to provide a precise diagnosis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=children" title="children">children</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diagnostic%20challenges" title=" diagnostic challenges"> diagnostic challenges</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fever%20of%20unknown%20origin" title=" fever of unknown origin"> fever of unknown origin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pediatric%20fever" title=" pediatric fever"> pediatric fever</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=undiagnosed%20diseases" title=" undiagnosed diseases"> undiagnosed diseases</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/187432/epidemiological-patterns-of-pediatric-fever-of-unknown-origin" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/187432.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">27</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1979</span> Pulmonary Complications of Dengue Infection</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shilpa%20Avarebeel">Shilpa Avarebeel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: India is one of the seven identified countries in South-East Asia region, regularly reporting dengue infection and may soon transform into a major niche for dengue epidemics. Objective: To study the clinical profile of dengue in our setting with special reference to respiratory complication. Study design: Descriptive and exploratory study, for one year in 2014. All patients confirmed as dengue infection were followed and their clinical profile, along with outcome was determined. Study proforma was designed based on the objective of the study and it was pretested and used after modification. Data was analyzed using statistical software SPSS-Version 16. Data were expressed as mean ±S .D for parametric variables and actual frequencies or percentage for non-parametric data. Comparison between groups was done using students’ t-test for independent groups, Chie square test, one-way ANOVA test, Karl Pearson’s correlation test. Statistical significance is taken at P < 0.05. Results: Study included 134 dengue positive cases. 81% had dengue fever, 18% had dengue hemorrhagic fever, and one had dengue shock syndrome. Most of the cases reported were during the month of June. Maximum number of cases was in the age group of 26-35 years. Average duration of hospital stay was less than seven days. Fever and myalgia was present in all the 134 patients, 16 had bleeding manifestation. 38 had respiratory symptoms, 24 had breathlessness, and 14 had breathlessness and dry cough. On clinical examination of patients with respiratory symptoms, all twenty-eight had hypoxia features, twenty-four had signs of pleural effusion, and four had ARDS features. Chest x-ray confirmed the same. Among the patients with respiratory symptoms, the mean platelet count was 26,537 c/cmm. There was no statistical significant difference in the platelet count in those with ARDS and other dengue complications. Average four units of platelets were transfused to all those who had ARDS in view of bleeding tendency. Mechanical ventilator support was provided for ARDS patients. Those with pleural effusion and pulmonary oedema were given NIV (non-invasive ventilation) support along with supportive care. However, steroids were given to patients with ARDS and 10 patients with signs of respiratory distress. 100%. Mortality was seen in patients with ARDS. Conclusion: Dengue has to be checked for those presenting with fever and breathlessness. Supportive treatments remain the cornerstone of treatment. Platelet transfusion has to be given only by clinical judgment. Steroids have no role except in early ARDS, which is controversial. Early NIV support helps in speedy recovery of dengue patients with respiratory distress. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adult%20respiratory%20distress%20syndrome" title="adult respiratory distress syndrome">adult respiratory distress syndrome</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dengue%20fever" title=" dengue fever"> dengue fever</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-invasive%20ventilation" title=" non-invasive ventilation"> non-invasive ventilation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pulmonary%20complication" title=" pulmonary complication"> pulmonary complication</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52453/pulmonary-complications-of-dengue-infection" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52453.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">432</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1978</span> Ethnobotany and Antimicrobial Effects of Medicinal Plants Used for the Treatment of Sexually Transmitted Infections in Lesotho</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sandy%20Van%20Vuuren">Sandy Van Vuuren</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lerato%20Kose"> Lerato Kose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Annah%20Moteetee"> Annah Moteetee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Lesotho, a country surrounded by South Africa has one of the highest rates of sexually transmitted infections (STI’s) in the world. In fact, the country ranks third highest with respect to infections related to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Despite the high prevalence of STI’s, treatment has been a challenge due to limited accessibility to health facilities. An estimated 77% of the population lives in rural areas and more than 60% of the country is mountainous. Therefore, many villages remain accessible only by foot or horse-back. Thus, the Basotho (indigenous people from Lesotho) have a rich cultural heritage of plant use. The aim of this study was to determine what plant species are used for the treatment of STI’s and which of these have in vitro efficacy against pathogens such as Candida albicans, Gardnerella vaginalis, Oligella ureolytica, and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. A total of 34 medicinal plants were reported by traditional practitioners for the treatment of STI’s. Sixty extracts, both aqueous and organic (mixture of methanol and dichloromethane), from 24 of the recorded plant species were assessed for antimicrobial activity using the minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) micro-titre plate dilution assay. Neisseria gonorrhoeae (ATCC 19424) was found to be the most susceptible among the test pathogens, with the majority of the extracts (21) displaying noteworthy activity (MIC values ≤ 1 mg/ml). Helichrysum caespititium was found to be the most antimicrobially active species (MIC value of 0.01 mg/ml). The results of this study support, to some extent, the traditional medicinal uses of the evaluated plants for the treatment of STI’s, particularly infections related to gonorrhoea. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Candida%20albicans" title=" Candida albicans"> Candida albicans</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gardnerella%20vaginalis" title=" Gardnerella vaginalis"> Gardnerella vaginalis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Neisseria%20gonorrhoeae" title=" Neisseria gonorrhoeae"> Neisseria gonorrhoeae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oligella%20urealytica" title=" Oligella urealytica "> Oligella urealytica </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52474/ethnobotany-and-antimicrobial-effects-of-medicinal-plants-used-for-the-treatment-of-sexually-transmitted-infections-in-lesotho" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52474.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">284</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1977</span> Tuberculosis (TB) and Lung Cancer</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asghar%20Arif">Asghar Arif</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Lung cancer has been recognized as one of the greatest common cancers, causing the annual mortality rate of about 1.2 million people in the world. Lung cancer is the most prevalent cancer in men and the third-most common cancer among women (after breast and digestive cancers).Recent evidences have shown the inflammatory process as one of the potential factors of cancer. Tuberculosis (TB), pneumonia, and chronic bronchitis are among the most important inflammation-inducing factors in the lungs, among which TB has a more profound role in the emergence of cancer.TB is one of the important mortality factors throughout the world, and 205,000 death cases are reported annually due to this disease. Chronic inflammation and fibrosis due to TB can induce genetic mutation and alternations. Parenchyma tissue of lung is involved in both diseases of TB and lung cancer, and continuous cough in lung cancer, morphological vascular variations, lymphocytosis processes, and generation of immune system mediators such as interleukins, are all among the factors leading to the hypothesis regarding the role of TB in lung cancer Some reports have shown that the induction of necrosis and apoptosis or TB reactivation, especially in patients with immune-deficiency, may result in increasing IL-17 and TNF_α, which will either decrease P53 activity or increase the expression of Bcl-2, decrease Bax-T, and cause the inhibition of caspase-3 expression due to decreasing the expression of mitochondria cytochrome oxidase. It has been also indicated that following the injection of BCG vaccine, the host immune system will be reinforced, and in particular, the rates of gamma interferon, nitric oxide, and interleukin-2 are increased. Therefore, CD4 + lymphocyte function will be improved, and the person will be immune against cancer.Numerous prospective studies have so far been conducted on the role of TB in lung cancer, and it seems that this disease is effective in that particular cancer.One of the main challenges of lung cancer is its correct and timely diagnosis. Unfortunately, clinical symptoms (such as continuous cough, hemoptysis, weight loss, fever, chest pain, dyspnea, and loss of appetite) and radiological images are similar in TB and lung cancer. Therefore, anti-TB drugs are routinely prescribed for the patients in the countries with high prevalence of TB, like Pakistan. Regarding the similarity in clinical symptoms and radiological findings of lung cancer, proper diagnosis is necessary for TB and respiratory infections due to nontuberculousmycobacteria (NTM). Some of the drug resistive TB cases are, in fact, lung cancer or NTM lung infections. Acid-fast staining and histological study of phlegm and bronchial washing, culturing and polymerase chain reaction TB are among the most important solutions for differential diagnosis of these diseases. Briefly, it is assumed that TB is one of the risk factors for cancer. Numerous studies have been conducted in this regard throughout the world, and it has been observed that there is a significant relationship between previous TB infection and lung cancer. However, to prove this hypothesis, further and more extensive studies are required. In addition, as the clinical symptoms and radiological findings of TB, lung cancer, and non-TB mycobacteria lung infections are similar, they can be misdiagnosed as TB. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TB%20and%20lung%20cancer" title="TB and lung cancer">TB and lung cancer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TB%20people" title=" TB people"> TB people</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TB%20servivers" title=" TB servivers"> TB servivers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TB%20and%20HIV%20aids" title=" TB and HIV aids"> TB and HIV aids</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174170/tuberculosis-tb-and-lung-cancer" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174170.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">73</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1976</span> Analysis of Post-vaccination Immunity in Children with Severe Chronic Diseases Receiving Immunosuppressive Therapy by Specific IgG Antibodies Definition Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marina%20G.%20Galitskaya">Marina G. Galitskaya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Svetlana%20G.%20Makarova"> Svetlana G. Makarova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrey%20P.%20Fisenko."> Andrey P. Fisenko.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Children on medication-induced immunosuppression are at high risk of developing severe course infectious diseases. Therefore, preventive vaccination is especially important for these children. However, due to the immunosuppressive effects of treatment for the underlying disease, the effectiveness of vaccination may decrease below the protective level. In a multidisciplinary children's medical center, post-vaccination immunity was studied in 79 children aged 4-17 years. The children were divided into 2 groups: Group 1 (38 children) with kidney pathology (Nephrotic Syndrome) and Group 2 (41 children) with inflammatory bowel diseases (Ulcerative Colitis, Crohn's Disease). Both groups of children were vaccinated according to the national vaccination calendar and received immunosuppressive therapy (prednisolone, methotrexate, cyclosporine, and other drugs) for at least 1 year. Using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method, specific IgG antibodies to vaccine-preventable infections were determined: measles, rubella, mumps, diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, and hepatitis B. The study showed the percentage of children with positive IgG values for vaccine-preventable infections. The highest percentage of children had protective antibody levels to measles (84.2% in children with nephrotic syndrome and 92.6% in those with inflammatory bowel disease) and rubella (71% and 80.4%, respectively). The lowest percentage of children with protective antibodies was for hepatitis B (5.2% and 29.2% respectively). Antibodies to mumps, diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus were found not in all children (from 39,4% to 82,9%). The remaining percentage of children did not have detectable IgG antibodies to vaccine-preventable infections. Not all children, despite the previous vaccination, preserved antibodies to vaccine-controlled infections and remained unprotected by specific IgG antibodies. The issue of a booster vaccine dose should be considered in children without contraindications to vaccination. Children receiving long-term immunosuppressive therapy require an individual vaccination approach, including a specific definition of the performed vaccination. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immunosuppressive%20therapy" title="immunosuppressive therapy">immunosuppressive therapy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inflammatory%20bowel%20diseases" title=" inflammatory bowel diseases"> inflammatory bowel diseases</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nephrotic%20syndrome" title=" nephrotic syndrome"> nephrotic syndrome</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=post-vaccination%20immunity" title=" post-vaccination immunity"> post-vaccination immunity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=specific%20antibodies" title=" specific antibodies"> specific antibodies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vaccine-preventable%20infections." title=" vaccine-preventable infections."> vaccine-preventable infections.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186797/analysis-of-post-vaccination-immunity-in-children-with-severe-chronic-diseases-receiving-immunosuppressive-therapy-by-specific-igg-antibodies-definition-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186797.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">33</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1975</span> Influence of Glenohumeral Joint Approximation Technique on the Cardiovascular System in the Acute Phase after Stroke</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iva%20Hereitova">Iva Hereitova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Miroslav%20Svatek"> Miroslav Svatek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vit%20Novacek"> Vit Novacek</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background and Aim: Autonomic imbalance is one of the complications for immobilized patients in the acute stage after a stroke. The predominance of sympathetic activity significantly increases cardiac activity. The technique of glenohumeral joint approximation may contribute in a non-pharmacological way to the regulation of blood pressure and heart rate in patients in this risk group. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of glenohumeral joint approximation on the change in heart rate and blood pressure in immobilized patients in the acute phase after a stroke. Methods: The experimental study bilaterally evaluated heart rate, systolic and diastolic pressure values before and after glenohumeral joint approximation in 40 immobilized participants (72.6 ± 10.2 years) in the acute phase after stroke. The experimental group was compared with 40 healthy participants in the control group (68.6 ± 14.2 years). An SpO2 vital signs monitor and a validated Microlife WatchBP Office blood pressure monitor were used for evaluation. Statistical processing and evaluation were performed in MATLAB R2019 (The Math Works®, Inc., Natick, MA, USA). Results: Approximation of the glenohumeral joint resulted in a statistically significant decrease in systolic and diastolic pressure. An average decrease in systolic pressure for individual groups ranged from 8.2 to 11.3 mmHg (p <0.001). For diastolic pressure, the average decrease ranged from 5.0 - 14.2 mmHg (p <0.001). There was a statistically significant reduction in heart rate (p <0.01) only in patients after ischemic stroke in the inferior cerebral artery. There was the average decrease in heart rate of 3.9 beats per minute (median 4 beats per minute). Conclusion: Approximation of the glenohumeral joint leads to a statistically significant decrease in systolic and diastolic pressure in immobilized patients in the acute phase after stroke. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aproximation%20technique" title="Aproximation technique">Aproximation technique</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cardiovaskular%20system" title=" Cardiovaskular system"> Cardiovaskular system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Glenohumeral%20joint" title=" Glenohumeral joint"> Glenohumeral joint</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stroke" title=" Stroke"> Stroke</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132299/influence-of-glenohumeral-joint-approximation-technique-on-the-cardiovascular-system-in-the-acute-phase-after-stroke" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132299.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">216</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1974</span> Phytochemical Screening and Toxicological Studies of Aqueous Stem Bark Extract of Boswellia papyrifera (DEL) in Rats</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Abdulmumin">Y. Abdulmumin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20I.%20Matazu"> K. I. Matazu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20M.%20Wudil"> A. M. Wudil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20J.%20Alhassan"> A. J. Alhassan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20A.%20Imam"> A. A. Imam </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Phytochemical analysis of Boswellia papryfera confirms the presence of various phytochemicals such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins and cardiac glycosides in its aqueous stem bark extract at different concentration, with tannins being the highest (0.611 ± 0.002 g %). Acute toxicity test (LD50, oral, rat) of the extract showed no mortality at up to 5000 mg/kg and the animals were found active and healthy. The extract was declared as practically non-toxic, this suggest the safety of the extract in traditional medicine. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acute%20toxicity" title="acute toxicity">acute toxicity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aqueous%20extract" title=" aqueous extract"> aqueous extract</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=boswellia%20papryfera" title=" boswellia papryfera"> boswellia papryfera</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phytochemicals%20and%20stem%20bark" title=" phytochemicals and stem bark"> phytochemicals and stem bark</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34095/phytochemical-screening-and-toxicological-studies-of-aqueous-stem-bark-extract-of-boswellia-papyrifera-del-in-rats" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34095.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">456</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1973</span> Safety Assessment of Tuberous Roots of Boerhaavia diffusa Root Extract: Acute and Sub-Acute Toxicity Studies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Surender%20Singh">Surender Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yogendra%20Kumar%20Gupta"> Yogendra Kumar Gupta</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Boerhaavia diffusa (BD) Linn. belonging to family Nyctaginaceae is a herbaceous plant and known as ‘punarnava’ in Hindi, used as herbal medicine for pain relief and various ailments. It is widely used as a green leafy vegetable in many Asian and African countries. The objective of present study was to investigate potential adverse effects, if any, of standardized root extract of Boerhaavia diffusa in rats following subchronic administration. In acute toxicity study, no mortality was found at a dose of 2000mg/kg which indicates that oral LD50 of Boerhaavia diffusa root extract is more than 2000mg/kg. The chronic administration of Boerhaavia diffusa for 28 days at a dose of 1000mg/kg body weight did not produce any significant changes in hematological (RBC, WBC, platelets, hemoglobin, bleeding time, clotting time) and biochemical (triglycerides, blood glucose, high density lipoprotein, serum creatinine, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase) parameters of male and female rats as compared to normal control group. All the animals survived until the scheduled necropsy, and their physical and behavioral examinations did not reveal any treatment-related adverse effects. No pathological changes were observed in histological section of heart, kidney, liver, testis, ovaries and brain of Boerhaavia diffusa treated male and female rats as compared to normal control animals.These observations from oral acute toxicitystudy suggest that the extract is practically non-toxic. Thus, it can be inferred that the Boerhaavia diffusa root extract at levels up to 1000 mg/kg/day was found to be safe and does not cause adverse effects in rats. So, the no-observed effect level (NOAEL) of the extract was found to be 1000mg/kg/day. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Boerhaavia%20diffusa" title="Boerhaavia diffusa">Boerhaavia diffusa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=histology" title=" histology"> histology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=toxicity" title=" toxicity"> toxicity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sub-acute" title=" sub-acute"> sub-acute</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53480/safety-assessment-of-tuberous-roots-of-boerhaavia-diffusa-root-extract-acute-and-sub-acute-toxicity-studies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53480.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">271</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1972</span> Acute Toxicity of Atrazine Herbicide on Caspian Kutum, Rutilus frisii kutum larvae</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zahra%20Khoshnood">Zahra Khoshnood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reza%20Khoshnood"> Reza Khoshnood</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Pesticides and drugs used in agriculture and veterinary medicine may end up in aquatic environments and bio-accumulate in the food chain, thus causing serious problems for fauna and human health. For determination of the toxic effects of atrazine herbicide on Caspian kutum, Rutilus frisii kutum larvae, the 96-h LC50 of atrazine was measured for newly hatched larvae as 18.53 ppm. Toxicity of atrazine herbicide on Caspian kutum larvae was investigated using concentrations: 9.25 ppm, 4.62 ppm and 2.31 ppm for 7 days. Comparison of the length, weight and condition factor showed that no significant differences between atrazine exposed and control groups. The concentration of Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, and Cl- in whole body of larvae in control and atrazine exposure groups were measured and the results showed that concentrations of all these ions is higher in atrazine exposure group than control group. It is obvious from this study that atrazine negatively affects osmoregulation process and changes ion compositions of the body even at sub-lethal concentration and acute exposure but have no effects on growth parameters of the body. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=atrazine" title="atrazine">atrazine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=caspian%20kutum" title=" caspian kutum"> caspian kutum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acute%20toxicity" title=" acute toxicity"> acute toxicity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=body%20ions" title=" body ions"> body ions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lc50" title=" lc50"> lc50</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11177/acute-toxicity-of-atrazine-herbicide-on-caspian-kutum-rutilus-frisii-kutum-larvae" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11177.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">297</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1971</span> SCANet: A Workflow for Single-Cell Co-Expression Based Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mhaned%20Oubounyt">Mhaned Oubounyt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jan%20Baumbach"> Jan Baumbach</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Differences in co-expression networks between two or multiple cells (sub)types across conditions is a pressing problem in single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). A key challenge is to define those co-variations that differ between or among cell types and/or conditions and phenotypes to examine small regulatory networks that can explain mechanistic differences. To this end, we developed SCANet, an all-in-one Python package that uses state-of-the-art algorithms to facilitate the workflow of a combined single-cell GCN (Gene Correlation Network) and GRN (Gene Regulatory Networks) pipeline, including inference of gene co-expression modules from scRNA-seq, followed by trait and cell type associations, hub gene detection, co-regulatory networks, and drug-gene interactions. In an example case, we illustrate how SCANet can be applied to identify regulatory drivers behind a cytokine storm associated with mortality in patients with acute respiratory illness. SCANet is available as a free, open-source, and user-friendly Python package that can be easily integrated into systems biology pipelines. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=single-cell" title="single-cell">single-cell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=co-expression%20networks" title=" co-expression networks"> co-expression networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drug-gene%20interactions" title=" drug-gene interactions"> drug-gene interactions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=co-regulatory%20networks" title=" co-regulatory networks"> co-regulatory networks</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161853/scanet-a-workflow-for-single-cell-co-expression-based-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161853.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">150</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1970</span> The Mediation Impact of Demographic and Clinical Characteristics on the Relationship between Trunk Control and Quality of Life among the Sub-Acute Stroke Population: A Cross-Sectional Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kumar%20Gular">Kumar Gular</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Viswanathan%20S."> Viswanathan S.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mastour%20Saeed%20Alshahrani"> Mastour Saeed Alshahrani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ravi%20Shankar%20Reddy"> Ravi Shankar Reddy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jaya%20Shanker%20Tedla"> Jaya Shanker Tedla</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Snehil%20Dixit"> Snehil Dixit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ajay%20Prasad%20Gautam"> Ajay Prasad Gautam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Venkata%20Nagaraj%20Kakaraparthi"> Venkata Nagaraj Kakaraparthi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Devika%20Rani%20Sangadala"> Devika Rani Sangadala</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Despite trunk control’s significant contribution to improving various functional activity components, the independent effect of trunk performance on quality of life is yet to be estimated in stroke survivors. Ascertaining the correlation between trunk control and self-reported quality of life while evaluating the effect of demographic and clinical characteristics on their relationship will guide concerned healthcare professionals in designing ideal rehabilitation protocols during the late sub-acute stroke stage of recovery. The aims of the present research were to (1) investigate the associations of trunk performance with self-rated quality of life and (2) evaluate if age, body mass index (BMI), and clinical characteristics mediate the relationship between trunk motor performance and perceived quality of life in the sub-acute stroke population. Methods: Trunk motor functions and quality of life among the late sub-acute stroke population aged 57.53 ± 6.42 years were evaluated through the trunk Impairment Scale (TIS) and Stroke specific quality of life (SSQOL) questionnaire, respectively. Pearson correlation coefficients and mediation analysis were performed to elucidate the relationship of trunk motor function with quality of life and determine the mediation impact of demographic and clinical characteristics on their association, respectively. Results: The current study observed significant correlations between trunk motor functions (TIS) and quality of life (SSQOL) with r=0.68 (p<0.001). Age, BMI, and type of stroke were detected as potential mediating factors in the association between trunk performance and quality of life. Conclusion: Validated associations between trunk motor functions and perceived quality of life among the late sub-acute stroke population emphasize the importance of comprehensive evaluation of trunk control. Rehabilitation specialists should focus on appropriate strategies to enhance trunk performance anticipating the potential effects of age, BMI, and type of stroke to improve health-related quality of life in stroke survivors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sub-acute%20stroke" title="sub-acute stroke">sub-acute stroke</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quality%20of%20life" title=" quality of life"> quality of life</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=functional%20independence" title=" functional independence"> functional independence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trunk%20control" title=" trunk control"> trunk control</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166149/the-mediation-impact-of-demographic-and-clinical-characteristics-on-the-relationship-between-trunk-control-and-quality-of-life-among-the-sub-acute-stroke-population-a-cross-sectional-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166149.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">78</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1969</span> The Impact of Total Parenteral Nutrition on Pediatric Stem Cell Transplantation and Its Complications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Alramyan">R. Alramyan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Alsalamah"> S. Alsalamah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Alrashed"> R. Alrashed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Alakel"> R. Alakel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Altheyeb"> F. Altheyeb</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Alessa"> M. Alessa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Nutritional support with total parenteral nutrition (TPN) is usually commenced with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) patients. However, it has its benefits and risks. Complications related to central venous catheter such as infections, and metabolic disturbances, including abnormal liver function, is usually of concern in such patients. Methods: A retrospective charts review of all pediatric patients who underwent HSCT between the period 2015-2018 in a tertiary hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Patients' demographics, types of conditioning, type of nutrition, and patients' outcomes were collected. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS version 22. Frequencies and percentages were used to describe categorical variables. Mean, and standard deviation were used for continuous variables. A P value of less than 0.05 was considered as statically significant. Results: a total of 162 HSCTs were identified during the period mentioned. Indication of allogenic transplant included hemoglobinopathy in 50 patients (31%), acute lymphoblastic leukemia in 21 patients (13%). TPN was used in 96 patients (59.30%) for a median of 14 days, nasogastric tube feeding (NGT) in 16 (9.90%) patients for a median of 11 days, and 71 of patients (43.80%) were able to tolerate oral feeding. Out of the 96 patients (59.30%) who were dependent on TPN, 64 patients (66.7%) had severe mucositis in comparison to 17 patients (25.8%) who were either on NGT or tolerated oral intake. (P-value= 0.00). Sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS) was seen in 14 patients (14.6%) who were receiving TPN compared to none in non-TPN patients (P=value 0.001). Moreover, majority of patients who had SOS received myeloablative conditioning therapy for non-malignant disease (hemoglobinopathy). However, there were no statistically significant differences in Graft-vs-Host Disease (both acute and chronic), bacteremia, and patient outcome between both groups. Conclusions: Nutritional support using TPN is used in majority of patients, especially post-myeloablative conditioning associated with severe mucositis. TPN was associated with VOD, especially in hemoglobinopathy patients who received myeloablative therapy. This may emphasize on use of preventative measures such as fluid restriction, use of diuretics, or defibrotide in high-risk patients. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hematopoeitic%20stem%20cell%20transplant" title="hematopoeitic stem cell transplant">hematopoeitic stem cell transplant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HSCT" title=" HSCT"> HSCT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stem%20cell%20transplant" title=" stem cell transplant"> stem cell transplant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sinusoidal%20obstruction%20syndrome" title=" sinusoidal obstruction syndrome"> sinusoidal obstruction syndrome</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=total%20parenteral%20nutrition" title=" total parenteral nutrition"> total parenteral nutrition</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/133076/the-impact-of-total-parenteral-nutrition-on-pediatric-stem-cell-transplantation-and-its-complications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/133076.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">157</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1968</span> Health Outcomes from Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella in High-Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrea%20Parisi">Andrea Parisi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samantha%20Vilkins"> Samantha Vilkins</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Luis%20Furuya-Kanamori"> Luis Furuya-Kanamori</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=John%20A.%20Crump"> John A. Crump</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Benjamin%20P.%20Howden"> Benjamin P. Howden</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Darren%20Gray"> Darren Gray</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kathryn%20Glass"> Kathryn Glass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Martyn%20Kirk"> Martyn Kirk</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Objectives: Salmonella is a leading cause of foodborne enterocolitis worldwide. Nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS) infections that are Multi-Drug Resistant (MDR) (non-susceptible to ≥1 agent in ≥3 antimicrobial categories) may result in more severe outcomes, although these effects have not been systematically examined. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine impacts of MDR NTS on health in high-income settings. Methods: We systematically reviewed the literature from scientific databases, including PubMed, Scopus and grey literature sources, using PRISMA guidelines. We searched for data from case-control studies, cohorts, outbreaks, reports and theses, imposing no language restriction. We included only publications from January 1990 to September 2016 from high income countries as classified by World Bank. We extracted data from papers on duration of illness, hospitalisation rates, morbidity and mortality for MDR and non-MDR NTS strains. Results: After removing duplicates, the initial search revealed 4258 articles. After further screening, we identified 16 eligible studies for the systematic review, and 9 of these were included in meta-analysis. NTS serotypes differed among the reported studies but serotype Typhimurium, Enteritidis, Newport and Heidelberg were among the most often reported as MDR pathogens. Salmonella infections that were MDR were associated with excess bloodstream infections (OR 1.63; 95%CI 1.18-2.26), excess hospitalisations (OR 2.77; 95%CI 1.47-5.21) and higher mortality (OR 3.54; 95%CI 1.10-11.40). Conclusions: MDR NTS infections are a serious public health concern. With the emergence of MDR Salmonella strains in the high-income countries, it is crucial to restrict the use of antimicrobials both in animals and humans, and intervene to prevent foodborne infections. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Antimicrobial%20Resistance" title="Antimicrobial Resistance">Antimicrobial Resistance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bloodstream%20Infection" title=" Bloodstream Infection"> Bloodstream Infection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Health%20Outcomes" title=" Health Outcomes"> Health Outcomes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hospitalisation" title=" Hospitalisation"> Hospitalisation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Invasive%20Disease" title=" Invasive Disease"> Invasive Disease</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Multi-Drug%20Resistance%20%28MDR%29" title=" Multi-Drug Resistance (MDR)"> Multi-Drug Resistance (MDR)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mortality" title=" Mortality"> Mortality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nontyphoidal%20Salmonella" title=" Nontyphoidal Salmonella"> Nontyphoidal Salmonella</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66064/health-outcomes-from-multidrug-resistant-salmonella-in-high-income-countries-a-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66064.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">379</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1967</span> Determination of Acute Toxicity of Atrazine Herbicide in Caspian Kutum, Rutilus frisii kutum, Larvae</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Z.%20Khoshnood">Z. Khoshnood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Khoshnood"> L. Khoshnood</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Pesticides and drugs used in agriculture and veterinary medicine may end up in aquatic environments and bioaccumulate in the food chain, thus causing serious problems for fauna and human health. For determination of the toxic effects of atrazine herbicide on Caspian kutum, Rutilus frisii kutum larvae, the 96-h LC50 of atrazine was measured for newly hatched larvae as 18.53 ppm. Toxicity of atrazine herbicide on Caspian kutum larvae was investigated using concentrations: 9.25 ppm, 4.62 ppm and 2.31 ppm for 7 days. Comparison of the length, weight, and condition factor showed that no significant differences between atrazine exposed and control groups. The concentration of Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+ and Cl- in whole body of larvae in control and atrazine exposure groups were measured and the results showed that concentrations of all these ions is higher in atrazine exposure group than control group. It is obvious from this study that atrazine negatively affects osmoregulation process and changes ion compositions of the body even at sublethal concentration and acute exposure but have no effects on growth parameters of the body. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=atrazine" title="atrazine">atrazine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Caspian%20Kutum" title=" Caspian Kutum"> Caspian Kutum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acute%20toxicity" title=" acute toxicity"> acute toxicity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=body%20ions" title=" body ions"> body ions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LC50" title=" LC50"> LC50</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19928/determination-of-acute-toxicity-of-atrazine-herbicide-in-caspian-kutum-rutilus-frisii-kutum-larvae" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19928.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">355</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1966</span> Phytochemical Screening and Toxicological Studies of Aqueous Stem Bark Extract of Boswellia papyrifera (DEL) in Albino Rats</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Abdulmumin">Y. Abdulmumin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20I.%20Matazu"> K. I. Matazu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20M.%20Wudil"> A. M. Wudil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20J.%20Alhassan"> A. J. Alhassan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20A.%20Imam"> A. A. Imam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Phytochemical analysis of Boswellia papryfera confirms the presence of various phytochemicals such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins and cardiac glycosides in its aqueous stem bark extract at different concentration, with tannins being the highest (0.611 ± 0.002 g %). Acute toxicity test (LD50,oral, rat) of the extract showed no mortality at up to 5000 mg/kg and the animals were found active and healthy. The extract was declared as practically non-toxic, this suggest the safety of the extract in traditional medicine. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acute%20toxicity" title="acute toxicity">acute toxicity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aqueous%20extract" title=" aqueous extract"> aqueous extract</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=boswellia%20papryfera" title=" boswellia papryfera"> boswellia papryfera</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phytochemicals" title=" phytochemicals"> phytochemicals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stem%20bark%20extract" title=" stem bark extract"> stem bark extract</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34096/phytochemical-screening-and-toxicological-studies-of-aqueous-stem-bark-extract-of-boswellia-papyrifera-del-in-albino-rats" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34096.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">427</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1965</span> Paramecuim as a Model for the Evaluation of Toxicity (Growth, Total Proteins, Respiratory and GSH Bio Marker Changes) Observed after Treatment with Essential Oils Isolated from Artemisia herba-alba Plant of Algeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bouchiha%20Hanene">Bouchiha Hanene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rouabhi%20Rachid"> Rouabhi Rachid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bouchama%20Khaled"> Bouchama Khaled</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Djebar%20Berrebbah%20Houraya"> Djebar Berrebbah Houraya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Djebar%20Mohamed%20Reda"> Djebar Mohamed Reda</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Recently, some natural products such as essentials oils (EOs) have been used in the fields as alternative to synthetic compounds, to minimize the negative impacts to the environment. This fact has led to questions about the possible impact of EOs on ecosystems. Currently in toxicology, the use of alternative models can help to understand the mechanisms of toxic action, at different levels of organization of ecosystems. Algae, protozoa and bacteria form the base of the food chain and protozoan cells are used as bioindicators often of pollution in environment. Unicellular organisms offer the possibility of direct study of independent cells with specific characteristics of individual cells and whole organisms at the same time. This unicellular facilitates the study of physiological processes, and effects of pollutants at the cellular level, which makes it widely used to assess the toxic effects of various xenobiotics. This study aimed to verify the effects of EOs of one famous plant used tremendously in our folk medicine, namely Artemisia herba alba in causing acute toxicity (24 hours) and chronic (15 days) toxicity for model cellular (Paramecium sp). To this end, cellular’s of paramecium were exposed to various concentrations (Three doses were chosen) of EOs extracted from plant (Artemisia herba alba). In the first experiment, the cellular s cultures were exposed for 48 hours to different concentrations to determine the median lethal concentration (DL50). We followed the evolution of physiological parameters (growth), biochemical (total proteins, respiratory metabolism), as well as the variations of a bio marker the GSH. Our results highlighted a light inhibition of the growth of the protozoa as well as a disturbance of the contents of total proteins and a reduction in the reduced rate of glutathione. The polarographic study revealed a stimulation of the consumption of O2 and this at the treated cells. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=essential%20oils" title="essential oils">essential oils</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=protozoa" title=" protozoa"> protozoa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bio%20indicators" title=" bio indicators"> bio indicators</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=toxicity" title=" toxicity"> toxicity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Growth" title=" Growth"> Growth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bio%20marker" title=" bio marker"> bio marker</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=proteins" title=" proteins"> proteins</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polarographic" title=" polarographic"> polarographic</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40445/paramecuim-as-a-model-for-the-evaluation-of-toxicity-growth-total-proteins-respiratory-and-gsh-bio-marker-changes-observed-after-treatment-with-essential-oils-isolated-from-artemisia-herba-alba-plant-of-algeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40445.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">346</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1964</span> Clinical Evidence of the Efficacy of ArtiCovid (Artemisia Annua Extract) on Covid-19 Patients in DRC</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Md">Md</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MCS"> MCS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MPH%20Munyangi%20Wa%20Nkola%20Jerome"> MPH Munyangi Wa Nkola Jerome</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The pandemic of COVID-19, a recently discovered contagious respiratory disease called SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus 2 Majority of people infected with SARS-CoV-2: Asymptomatic or mildly ill 14% of patients will develop severe illness requiring hospitalization and oxygen support, and 5% of these will be transferred to an intensive care unit, Urgent need for new treatments that can be used quickly to avoid transfer of patients to intensive care and death. Objective: To evaluate the clinical activity (efficacy) of ArtiCovid Hypothesis: Administration of 3 times a teaspoon per day by COVID patients (symptomatic, mild, or moderate forms) results in the disappearance of symptoms and improvement of biological parameters (including viral suppression). Clinical efficacy: the disappearance of clinical signs after seven days of treatment; reduction in the rate of patients transferred to intensive care units for mechanical ventilation and a decrease in mortality related to this infection Paraclinical efficacy: improvement of biological parameters (mainly d-dimer, CRP) Virological efficacy: suppression of the viral load after seven days of treatment (control test on the seventh day is negative) Pilot study using a standardized solution based on Artemisia annua (ARTICOVID) Obtaining authorization from the health authorities of the province of Central Kongo Recruitment of volunteer patients, mainly in the Kinkanda HospitalCarrying out tests before and after treatment as well as analyses before and after treatment. The protocol obtained the approval of the ethics committee 50 patients who completed the treatment were aged between 2 and 70 years, with an average age of 36 yearsMore half were male (56%). One in four patients was a health professional (25%) Of the 12 health professionals, 4 were physicians. For those who reported the date of onset of the disease, the average duration between the appearance of the first symptoms and the medical consultation was 5 days. The 50 patients put on ARTICOVID were discharged alive with CRP levels substantially normalizedAfter seven to eight days, the control test came back negative. This pilot study suggests that ARTICOVID may be effective against COVID-19 infection. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artiCovid" title="artiCovid">artiCovid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DRC" title=" DRC"> DRC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Covid-19" title=" Covid-19"> Covid-19</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SARS_COV_2" title=" SARS_COV_2"> SARS_COV_2</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156307/clinical-evidence-of-the-efficacy-of-articovid-artemisia-annua-extract-on-covid-19-patients-in-drc" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156307.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">120</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1963</span> Comparative Therapeutic Potential of 'Green Synthesized' Antimicrobials against Scalp Infections</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Desai">D. Desai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.Dixon"> J.Dixon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Jain"> N. Jain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Datta"> M. Datta</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Microbial infections of scalp consist of symptomatic appearances associated with seborrhoeic dermatitis, folliculitis, furuncles, carbuncles and ringworm. The main causative organisms in these scalp-based infections are bacteria like S. aureus, P. aeruginosa and a fungus M. Furfur. Allopathic treatment of these infections is available and efficient, but occasionally, topical applications have been found to cause side effects. India is known as the botanical garden of the world and considered as the epicentre for utilization of traditional drugs. Many treatments based on herb extracts are commonly used in India. It has been observed treatment with ethnomedicines requires a higher dosage and greater time period. Additionally, repeated applications are required to obtain the full efficacy of the treatment. An attempt has been made to imbibe the traditional knowledge with nanotechnology to generate a proficient therapeutic against scalp infections. We have imbibed metallic nanoparticles with extracts from traditional medicines and propose to formulate an antimicrobial hair massager. Four commonly used herbs for treatment against scalp disorders like Zingiber officinale (ginger), Allium sativum (garlic), Azadirachta indica (neem) leaves and Citrus limon (lemon) peel was taken. 30 gms of dried homogenized powder was obtained and processed for obtaining the aqueous and ethanolic extract by soxhlet apparatus. The extract was dried and reconstituted to obtain working solution of 1mg/ml. Phytochemical analysis for the obtained extract was done. Synthesis of nanoparticles was mediated by incubating 1mM silver nitrate with extracts of various herbs to obtain silver nanoparticles. The formation of the silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was monitored using UV-Vis spectroscopy. The AgNPs thus obtained were centrifuged and dried. The AgNPs thus formed were characterized by X Ray Diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The size of the AgNPs varied from 10-20 nm and was spherical in shape. P. aeruginosa was plated on nutrient agar and comparative antibacterial activity was tested. Comparative antimicrobial potential was calculated for the extracts and the corresponding nanoconstructs. It was found AgNPs were more efficient than their aqueous and ethanolic counterparts except in the ase of C. limon. Statistical analysis was performed to validate the results obtained. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethnomedicine" title="ethnomedicine">ethnomedicine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanoconstructs" title=" nanoconstructs"> nanoconstructs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scalp%20infections" title=" scalp infections"> scalp infections</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zingiber%20officinale" title=" Zingiber officinale"> Zingiber officinale</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47094/comparative-therapeutic-potential-of-green-synthesized-antimicrobials-against-scalp-infections" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47094.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">368</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1962</span> Neonatal Subcutaneous Fat Necrosis with Severe Hypercalcemia: Case Report</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Atitallah%20Sofien">Atitallah Sofien</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bouyahia%20Olfa"> Bouyahia Olfa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Krifi%20farah"> Krifi farah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Missaoui%20Nada"> Missaoui Nada</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ben%20Rabeh%20Rania"> Ben Rabeh Rania</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yahyaoui%20Salem"> Yahyaoui Salem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mazigh%20Sonia"> Mazigh Sonia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Boukthir%20Samir"> Boukthir Samir</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn (SCFN) is a rare acute hypodermatitis characterized by skin lesions in the form of infiltrated, hard plaques and subcutaneous nodules, with a purplish-red color, occurring between the first and sixth week of life. SCFN is generally a benign condition that spontaneously regresses without sequelae, but it can be complicated by severe hypercalcemia. Methodology: This is a retrospective case report of neonatal subcutaneous fat necrosis complicated with severe hypercalcemia and nephrocalcinosis. Results: This is a case of a female newborn with a family history of a hypothyroid mother on Levothyrox, born to non-consanguineous parents and from a well-monitored pregnancy. The newborn was delivered by cesarean section at 39 weeks gestation due to severe preeclampsia. She was admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit at 1 hour of life for the management of grade 1 perinatal asphyxia and immediate neonatal respiratory distress related to transient respiratory distress. Hospitalization was complicated by a healthcare-associated infection, requiring intravenous antibiotics for ten days, with a good clinical and biological response. On the 20th day of life, she developed skin lesions in the form of indurated purplish-red nodules on the back and on both arms. A SCFN was suspected. A calcium level test was conducted, which returned a result of 3 mmol/L. The rest of the phosphocalcic assessment was normal, with early signs of nephrocalcinosis observed on renal ultrasound. The diagnosis of SCFN complicated by nephrocalcinosis associated with severe hypercalcemia was made, and the condition improved with intravenous hydration and corticosteroid therapy. Conclusion: SCFN is a rare and generally benign hypodermatitis in newborns with an etiology that is still poorly understood. Despite its benign nature, SCFN can be complicated by hypercalcemia, which can sometimes be life-threatening. Therefore, it is important to conduct a thorough skin examination of newborns, especially those with risk factors, to detect and correct any potential hypercalcemia. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=subcutaneous%20fat%20necrosis" title="subcutaneous fat necrosis">subcutaneous fat necrosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=newborn" title=" newborn"> newborn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hypercalcemia" title=" hypercalcemia"> hypercalcemia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nephrocalcinosis" title=" nephrocalcinosis"> nephrocalcinosis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/175766/neonatal-subcutaneous-fat-necrosis-with-severe-hypercalcemia-case-report" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/175766.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">58</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1961</span> Acute Oral Toxicity Study of Mystroxylon aethiopicum Root Bark Aqueous Extract in Albino Mice</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mhuji%20Kilonzo">Mhuji Kilonzo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Acute oral toxicity of Mystroxylon aethiopicum root bark aqueous was evaluated in albino mice of either sex. In this study, five groups of mice were orally treated with doses of 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000 and 5000 mg/kg body weight of the crude extract. The mortality, signs of toxicity and body weights were observed individually for two weeks. At the end of the two weeks study, all animals were sacrificed, and the hematological and biochemical parameters, as well as organ weights relative to body weight of each animal, were determined. No mortality, signs of toxicity and abnormalities in vital organs were observed in the entire period of study for both treated and control groups of mice. Additionally, there were no significant changes (p > 0.05) in the blood hematology and biochemical analysis. However, the body weights of all mice increased significantly. The Mystroxylon aethiopicum root bark aqueous extract were found to have a high safe margin when administered orally. Hence, the extract can be utilized for pharmaceutical formulations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acute%20oral%20toxicity" title="acute oral toxicity">acute oral toxicity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=albino%20mice" title=" albino mice"> albino mice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mystroxylon%20aethiopicum" title=" Mystroxylon aethiopicum"> Mystroxylon aethiopicum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=safety" title=" safety"> safety</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63956/acute-oral-toxicity-study-of-mystroxylon-aethiopicum-root-bark-aqueous-extract-in-albino-mice" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63956.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">289</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1960</span> Diversity of Enterovirus Genotypes Circulating in Pediatric Patients with Acute Gastroenteritis in Thailand from 2019 to 2022</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhenfeng%20Xie">Zhenfeng Xie</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Acute gastroenteritis (AGE) is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in infants and young children worldwide, especially in developing countries. Enterovirus(EVs) have been identified in patients with AGE in many countries around the world, and some studies have revealed that EV infection is associated with gastrointestinal symptoms and plays a role in AGE. As a potential causative pathogen of AGE in humans, continuous detection and identification of EVs in pediatric patients with AGE is needed. In this study, we aimed to investigate the prevalence, seasonal distribution, and molecular characteristics of EVs circulating in pediatric patients with AGE in Thailand from 2019 to 2022. A total of 1422 stool specimens were collected for this study. RT-PCR amplification of the 5'UTR was used to screen for EV positive samples. EV genotyping was determined based on nucleotide sequence and phylogenetic analysis of the VP1 sequences. EV prevalence in pediatric AGE patients was 8.3% (118 out of 1,422). Among these, 35.6% of EV infection cases were caused by species A, followed by species C and B (33.1% and 30.5%, respectively). A total of 26 EV genotypes were identified in this study. Poliovirus 3 and coxsackievirus A2 were the predominant genotypes detected(14% and 13%, respectively). EV was detected all year round with higher prevalence between July and December. In summary, this study reports EV's prevalence and genotype diversity in pediatric patients with AGE in Thailand during 2019-2022. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enterovirus" title="enterovirus">enterovirus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epidemiology" title=" epidemiology"> epidemiology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acute%20gastroenteritis" title=" acute gastroenteritis"> acute gastroenteritis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genotype" title=" genotype"> genotype</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168214/diversity-of-enterovirus-genotypes-circulating-in-pediatric-patients-with-acute-gastroenteritis-in-thailand-from-2019-to-2022" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168214.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">71</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1959</span> Acute Kidney Injury in Severe Trauma Patients: Clinical Presentation and Risk Factor Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Inkyong%20Yi">Inkyong Yi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Acute kidney injury (AKI) in trauma patients is known to be associated with multiple factors, especially shock and consequent inadequate renal perfusion, yet its clinical presentation is little known in severe trauma patients. Our aim was to investigate the clinical presentation of acute kidney injury and its outcome in severe trauma patients at a level I trauma center. A total of 93 consecutive adult trauma patients with an injury severity score (ISS) of more than 15 were analyzed retrospectively from our Level I trauma center data base. Patients with direct renal injury were excluded. Patients were dichotomized into two groups, according to the presence of AKI. Various clinical parameters were compared between two groups, with Student’s T test and Mann-Whitney’s U test. The AKI group was further dichotomized into patients who recovered within seven days, and those who required more than 7days for recovery or those who did not recover at all. Various clinical parameters associated with outcome were further analyzed. Patients with AKI (n=33, 35%) presented with significantly higher age (61.4±17.3 vs. 45.4±17.3, p < 0.0001), incidence of comorbidities (hypertension; 51.5% vs. 13.3%, OR 6.906 95%CI 2.515-18.967, diabetes; 27.3% vs. 6.7%, OR 5.250, 95%CI 1.472-18.722), odds of head and neck trauma (69.7% vs. 41.7%, OR 3.220, 95%CI 1.306-7.942) and presence of shock during emergency room care (66.7% vs 21.7% OR 7.231, 95%CI, 2.798-18.687). Among AKI patients, patients who recovered within 1 week showed lower peak lactate (4.7mmol/L, 95%CI 2.9-6.5 vs 7.3mmol/L, 95%CI 5.0-9.6, p < 0.0287), lesser units of transfusion during first 24 hours (pRBC; 20.4unit, 95%CI 12.5-28.3 vs. 58.9unit, 95%CI 39.4-78.5, p=0.0003, FFP; 16.6unit, 95%CI 6.8-26.4 vs. 56.1unit, 95%CI 26.9-85.2, p=0.0027). In severe trauma patients, patients with AKI showed different clinical presentations and worse outcomes. Initial presence of shock and higher DIC profiles may be important risk factors for AKI in severe trauma patients. In patients with AKI, peak lactate level and amounts of transfusion are related to recovery. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acute%20kidney%20injury" title="acute kidney injury">acute kidney injury</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lactate" title=" lactate"> lactate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transfusion" title=" transfusion"> transfusion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trauma" title=" trauma"> trauma</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80039/acute-kidney-injury-in-severe-trauma-patients-clinical-presentation-and-risk-factor-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80039.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">203</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1958</span> The Safe Introduction of Tocilizumab for the Treatment of SARS-CoV-2 Pneumonia at an East London District General Hospital</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrew%20Read">Andrew Read</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alice%20Parry"> Alice Parry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kate%20Woods"> Kate Woods</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Since the advent of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the search for medications that can reduce mortality and morbidity has been a global research priority. Several multi-center trials have recently demonstrated improved mortality associated with the use of Tocilizumab, an interleukin-6 receptor antagonist, in patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. Initial data supported the administration in patients requiring respiratory support (non-invasive or invasive ventilation), but more recent data has shown benefit in all hypoxic patients. At the height of the second wave of COVID-19 infections in London, our hospital introduced the use of Tocilizumab for patients with severe COVID-19. Tocilizumab is licensed for use in chronic inflammatory conditions and has been associated with an increased risk of severe bacterial and fungal infections, as well as reactivation of chronic viral infections (e.g., hepatitis B). It is a specialist drug that suppresses the formation of C-reactive protein (CRP) for 6 – 12 weeks. It is not widely used by the general medical community. We aimed to assess Tocilizumab use in our hospital and to implement changes to the protocol as required to ensure administration was safe and appropriate. A retrospective study design was used to assess prescriptions over an initial 3-week period in both intensive care and on the medical wards. This amounted to a total of 13 patients. The initial data collection identified four key areas of concern: adherence to national and local inclusion & exclusion criteria; a collection of appropriate screening blood prior to administration; documentation of informed consent or best interest decision and documentation of Tocilizumab administration on patient discharge information, to alert future healthcare providers that typical measures of inflammation and infection, such as CRP, are unreliable for up to 3-months. Data were collected from electronic notes, blood results and observation charts, and cross referenced with pharmacy data. Initial results showed that all four key areas were completed in approximately 50% of cases. Of particular concern was adherence to exclusion criteria, such as current evidence of bacterial infection, and ensuring the correct screening blood was sent to exclude infections such as hepatitis. To remedy this and improve patient safety, the initial data was presented to relevant healthcare professionals. Subsequently, three interventions were introduced and education on each provided to hospital staff. An electronic ‘order set’ collating the appropriate screening blood was created simplifying the screening process. Pre-formed electronic documentation which can be inserted into the notes was created to provide a framework for consent discussions and reduce the time needed for junior doctors to complete this task. Additionally, a ‘Tocilizumab’ administration card was created and administered via pharmacy. This was distributed to each patient on discharge to ensure future healthcare professionals were aware of the potential effects of Tocilizumab administration, including suppression of CRP. Following these changes, repeat data collection over two months illustrated that each of the 4 safety aspects was met with a 100% success rate in every patient. Although this demonstrates good progress and effective interventions the challenge will be to maintain this progress. The audit data collection is ongoing <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=education" title="education">education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=patient%20safety" title=" patient safety "> patient safety </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SARS-CoV-2" title=" SARS-CoV-2"> SARS-CoV-2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tocilizumab" title=" Tocilizumab "> Tocilizumab </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137534/the-safe-introduction-of-tocilizumab-for-the-treatment-of-sars-cov-2-pneumonia-at-an-east-london-district-general-hospital" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137534.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">175</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1957</span> Unifying RSV Evolutionary Dynamics and Epidemiology Through Phylodynamic Analyses</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lydia%20Tan">Lydia Tan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Philippe%20Lemey"> Philippe Lemey</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lieselot%20Houspie"> Lieselot Houspie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marco%20Viveen"> Marco Viveen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Darren%20Martin"> Darren Martin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Frank%20Coenjaerts"> Frank Coenjaerts</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) is the leading cause of severe respiratory tract infections in infants under the age of two. Genomic substitutions and related evolutionary dynamics of hRSV are of great influence on virus transmission behavior. The evolutionary patterns formed are due to a precarious interplay between the host immune response and RSV, thereby selecting the most viable and less immunogenic strains. Studying genomic profiles can teach us which genes and consequent proteins play an important role in RSV survival and transmission dynamics. Study design: In this study, genetic diversity and evolutionary rate analysis were conducted on 36 RSV subgroup B whole genome sequences and 37 subgroup A genome sequences. Clinical RSV isolates were obtained from nasopharyngeal aspirates and swabs of children between 2 weeks and 5 years old of age. These strains, collected during epidemic seasons from 2001 to 2011 in the Netherlands and Belgium by either conventional or 454-sequencing. Sequences were analyzed for genetic diversity, recombination events, synonymous/non-synonymous substitution ratios, epistasis, and translational consequences of mutations were mapped to known 3D protein structures. We used Bayesian statistical inference to estimate the rate of RSV genome evolution and the rate of variability across the genome. Results: The A and B profiles were described in detail and compared to each other. Overall, the majority of the whole RSV genome is highly conserved among all strains. The attachment protein G was the most variable protein and its gene had, similar to the non-coding regions in RSV, more elevated (two-fold) substitution rates than other genes. In addition, the G gene has been identified as the major target for diversifying selection. Overall, less gene and protein variability was found within RSV-B compared to RSV-A and most protein variation between the subgroups was found in the F, G, SH and M2-2 proteins. For the F protein mutations and correlated amino acid changes are largely located in the F2 ligand-binding domain. The small hydrophobic phosphoprotein and nucleoprotein are the most conserved proteins. The evolutionary rates were similar in both subgroups (A: 6.47E-04, B: 7.76E-04 substitution/site/yr), but estimates of the time to the most recent common ancestor were much lower for RSV-B (B: 19, A: 46.8 yrs), indicating that there is more turnover in this subgroup. Conclusion: This study provides a detailed description of whole RSV genome mutations, the effect on translation products and the first estimate of the RSV genome evolution tempo. The immunogenic G protein seems to require high substitution rates in order to select less immunogenic strains and other conserved proteins are most likely essential to preserve RSV viability. The resulting G gene variability makes its protein a less interesting target for RSV intervention methods. The more conserved RSV F protein with less antigenic epitope shedding is, therefore, more suitable for developing therapeutic strategies or vaccines. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drug%20target%20selection" title="drug target selection">drug target selection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epidemiology" title=" epidemiology"> epidemiology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=respiratory%20syncytial%20virus" title=" respiratory syncytial virus"> respiratory syncytial virus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RSV" title=" RSV"> RSV</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30132/unifying-rsv-evolutionary-dynamics-and-epidemiology-through-phylodynamic-analyses" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30132.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">413</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1956</span> Acute and Chronic Effect of Biopesticide on Infestation of Whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) on the Culantro Cultivation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=U.%20Pangnakorn">U. Pangnakorn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Chuenchooklin"> S. Chuenchooklin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Acute and chronic effects of biopesticide from entomopathogenic nematode (<em>Steinernema thailandensis</em> n. sp.), bacteria ISR (<em>Pseudomonas fluorescens</em>), wood vinegar and fermented organic substances from plants: (neem <em>Azadirachta indica</em> + citronella grass <em>Cymbopogon nardus </em>Rendle + bitter bush <em>Chromolaena odorata </em>L<em>.</em>) were tested on culantro (<em>Eryngium foetidum</em> L.). The biopesticide was investigated for infestation reduction of the major insect pest whitefly (<em>Bemisia tabaci</em> (Gennadius)). The experimental plots were located at a farm in Nakhon Sawan Province, Thailand. This study was undertaken during the drought season (late November to May). Effectiveness of the treatment was evaluated in terms of acute and chronic effect. The populations of whitefly were observed and recorded every hour up to 3 hours with insect nets and yellow sticky traps after the treatments were applied for the acute effect. The results showed that bacteria ISR had the highest effectiveness for controlling whitefly infestation on culantro; the whitefly numbers on insect nets were 12.5, 10.0 and 7.5 after 1 hr, 2 hr, and 3 hr, respectively while the whitefly on yellow sticky traps showed 15.0, 10.0 and 10.0 after 1 hr, 2 hr, and 3 hr, respectively. For chronic effect, the whitefly was continuously collected and recorded at weekly intervals; the result showed that treatment of bacteria ISR found the average whitefly numbers only 8.06 and 11.0 on insect nets and sticky traps respectively, followed by treatment of nematode where the average whitefly was 9.87 and 11.43 on the insect nets and sticky traps, respectively. In addition, the minor insect pests were also observed and collected. The biopesticide influenced the reduction number of minor insect pests (red spider mites, beet armyworm, short-horned grasshopper, pygmy locusts, etc.) with only a few found on the culantro cultivation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=whitefly%20%28Bemisia%20tabaci%20Gennadius%29" title="whitefly (Bemisia tabaci Gennadius)">whitefly (Bemisia tabaci Gennadius)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=culantro%20%28Eryngium%20foetidum%20L.%29" title=" culantro (Eryngium foetidum L.)"> culantro (Eryngium foetidum L.)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acute%20and%20chronic%20effect" title=" acute and chronic effect"> acute and chronic effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=entomopathogenic%20nematode%20%28Steinernema%20thailandensis%20n.%20sp.%29" title=" entomopathogenic nematode (Steinernema thailandensis n. sp.)"> entomopathogenic nematode (Steinernema thailandensis n. sp.)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bacteria%20ISR%20%28Pseudomonas%20fluorescens%29" title=" bacteria ISR (Pseudomonas fluorescens)"> bacteria ISR (Pseudomonas fluorescens)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43237/acute-and-chronic-effect-of-biopesticide-on-infestation-of-whitefly-bemisia-tabaci-gennadius-on-the-culantro-cultivation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43237.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">281</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1955</span> Effect of Acute Ingestion of Ice Water on Blood Pressure in Relation to Body Mass Index</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Savitri%20Siddanagoudra">Savitri Siddanagoudra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shantala%20Herlekar"> Shantala Herlekar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Priya%20Arjunwadekar"> Priya Arjunwadekar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: The physiological response to water drinking in healthy subjects is an integrated response with an increase in sympathetic vasoconstrictor activity with induced bradycardia. Obesity is a modern pandemic, implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. In autonomic failure patients, water drinking has been shown the increased high blood pressure and bradycardia. Acute effects of ice water ingestion on blood pressure (BP) in relation to body mass index (BMI) is not addressed in literature. Objectives: Objective of this study is to evaluate BP before and after ingestion of cold water in all the three groups. Methods and Material: 60 healthy subjects between the age group of 18-24 yrs were selected and assigned into 3 groups based on BMI. BMI less than and equal to 25 kg/m2 is selected as Normal BMI group ,between 25- 29 kg/m2 as Overweight and BMI more than and equal to 30 kg/m2 as Obese. Procedure: Basal and after ingestion of 250 ml of cold water (7 0C ± 0.5 0C)BP was recorded in all the 3 groups. Results: Basal and after ice water ingestion BP increased statistically in all 3 groups. Conclusion: On acute ingestion of ice water overweight, obese may have more sympathoexcitaion compared to normal subjects. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blood%20pressure" title="blood pressure">blood pressure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=body%20mass%20index" title=" body mass index"> body mass index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ice%20water" title=" ice water"> ice water</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=symathoexcitation" title=" symathoexcitation"> symathoexcitation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96314/effect-of-acute-ingestion-of-ice-water-on-blood-pressure-in-relation-to-body-mass-index" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96314.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">160</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1954</span> The Effect of Extracts of 12 Local Medicinal Plants Against Uropathogenic Escherichia Coli</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hafida%20Merzouk">Hafida Merzouk</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Urinary tract infections are among the most serious public health issues in all age groups. Thus, the empirical therapy should based on local levels of resistance, as indicated in several studies from different countries, to effectively avoid the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacterial strains and recurrent infections. Numerous effective antibiotic treatments are available, but wouldbe ineffective for treating recurrent cystitis caused by a urinary tract infection, as well as the emergence of drug resistance. That iswhy the aim of this study was to highlight the antibacterial and the antioxidant activity of 11 medicinal plants used traditionally in Algeria against E. coli, the most responsible urinary tract infections. First, the extraction of total polyphenols with aqueous acetone showed variable yields. The highest yield was obtained by Asplenium trichomanes with 27%, followed by Petroselinum crispum and Ciannamomum cassia with an equal yield of 21%. Artemisia herba-alba gave the lowest yield (9%). The extracts of different plants showed variable contents of phenolic compounds. Reducing power and DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) scavenging activity revealed that most of the extracts studied had significant activity. The anti-free radical activity was very high in the extract of A splenium adiantum-nigrum compared with the other extracts studied, but Petroselinum crispum and Parietaria officinalis had the lowest reducing activity; Antibacterial activity was determined on E. coli strainsusing the diffusion, MICs (Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations) and MBCs (Minimum Bactericidal concentrations) methods. The strains tested were sensitive to most extracts studied, except Asplenium adiantum-nigrum extract, for which both strains showed resistance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20coli" title="E. coli">E. coli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medicinal%20plants" title=" medicinal plants"> medicinal plants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phenolic%20compounds" title=" phenolic compounds"> phenolic compounds</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urinary%20infections" title=" urinary infections"> urinary infections</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173807/the-effect-of-extracts-of-12-local-medicinal-plants-against-uropathogenic-escherichia-coli" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173807.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">64</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1953</span> The Role of Flexible Cystoscopy in Managing Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections in Patients with Mesh Implants</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=George%20Shaker">George Shaker</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maike%20Eylert"> Maike Eylert</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) in patients with mesh implants, particularly following pelvic or abdominal surgeries, pose significant clinical challenges. This paper investigates whether flexible cystoscopy is an essential diagnostic and therapeutic tool in managing such patients. With the increasing prevalence of mesh-related complications, it is crucial to explore how diagnostic procedures like cystoscopy can aid in identifying mesh-associated issues that contribute to recurrent UTIs. While flexible cystoscopy is commonly used to evaluate lower urinary tract conditions, its necessity in cases involving patients with mesh implants remains under debate. This study aims to determine the value of flexible cystoscopy in identifying complications such as mesh erosion, fistula formation, and chronic inflammation, which may contribute to recurrent infections. The research compares patients who underwent flexible cystoscopy to those managed without this procedure, examining the diagnostic yield of cystoscopy in detecting mesh-related complications. Furthermore, the study investigates the relationship between recurrent UTIs and the mechanical effects of mesh on the urinary tract, as well as the potential for cystoscopy to guide treatment decisions, such as mesh removal or revision. The results indicate that while flexible cystoscopy can identify mesh-related complications in some cases, its routine use may not be necessary for all patients with recurrent UTIs and mesh. The study emphasizes the importance of patient selection, clinical history, and symptom severity in deciding whether to employ cystoscopy. In cases where there are clear signs of mesh erosion or unexplained recurrent infections despite standard treatments, cystoscopy proves valuable. However, the study also highlights potential risks and discomfort associated with the procedure, suggesting that cystoscopy should be reserved for select cases where non-invasive methods fail to provide clarity. The research concludes that while flexible cystoscopy remains a valuable tool in certain cases, its routine use for all patients with recurrent UTIs and mesh is not justified. The paper provides recommendations for clinical guidelines, emphasizing a more personalized approach to diagnostics that considers the patient’s overall condition, infection history, and mesh type. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flexible%20cystoscopy" title="flexible cystoscopy">flexible cystoscopy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recurrent%20urinary%20tract%20infections" title=" recurrent urinary tract infections"> recurrent urinary tract infections</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mesh%20implants" title=" mesh implants"> mesh implants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mesh%20erosion" title=" mesh erosion"> mesh erosion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diagnostic%20procedures" title=" diagnostic procedures"> diagnostic procedures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urology" title=" urology"> urology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192383/the-role-of-flexible-cystoscopy-in-managing-recurrent-urinary-tract-infections-in-patients-with-mesh-implants" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192383.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">18</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1952</span> Vancomycin Resistance Enterococcus and Implications to Trauma and Orthopaedic Care</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20Davies">O. Davies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Veravalli"> K. Veravalli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Panwalkar"> P. Panwalkar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Tofighi"> M. Tofighi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Butterick"> P. Butterick</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Healy"> B. Healy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Mofidi"> A. Mofidi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Vancomycin resistant enterococcus infection is a condition that usually impacts ICUs, transplant, dialysis, and cancer units, often as a nosocomial infection. After an outbreak in the acute trauma and orthopaedic unit in Morriston hospital, we aimed to access the conditions that predispose VRE infections in our unit. Thirteen cases of VRE infection and five cases of VRE colonisations were identified in patients who were treated for orthopaedic care between 1/1/2020 and 1/11/2021. Cases were reviewed to identify predisposing factors, specifically looking at age, presenting condition and treatment, presence of infection and antibiotic care, active haemo-oncological condition, long term renal dialysis, previous hospitalisation, VRE predisposition, and clearance (PREVENT) scores, and outcome of care. The presenting condition, treatment, presence of postoperative infection, VRE scores, age was compared between colonised and the infected cohort. VRE type in both colonised and infection group was Enterococcus Faecium in all but one patient. The colonised group had the same age (T=0.6 P>0.05) and sex (2=0.115, p=0.74), presenting condition and treatment which consisted of peri-femoral fixation or arthroplasty in all patients. The infected group had one case of myelodysplasia and four cases of chronic renal failure requiring dialysis. All of the infected patient had sustained an infected complication of their fracture fixation or arthroplasty requiring reoperation and antibiotics. The infected group had an average VRE predisposition score of 8.5 versus the score of 3 in the colonised group (F=36, p<0.001). PREVENT score was 7 in the infected group and 2 in the colonised group(F=153, p<0.001). Six patients(55%) succumbed to their infection, and one VRE infection resulted in limb loss. In the orthopaedic cohort, VRE infection is a nosocomial condition that has peri-femoral predilection and is seen in association with immunosuppression or renal failure. The VRE infection cohort has been treated for infective complication of original surgery weeks prior to VRE infection. Based on our findings, we advise avoidance of infective complications, change of practice in use of antibiotics and use radical surgery and surveillance for VRE infections beyond infective precautions. PREVENT score shows that the infected group are unlikely to clear their VRE in the future but not the colonised group. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surgical%20site%20infection" title="surgical site infection">surgical site infection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enterococcus" title=" enterococcus"> enterococcus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=orthopaedic%20surgery" title=" orthopaedic surgery"> orthopaedic surgery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vancomycin%20resistance" title=" vancomycin resistance"> vancomycin resistance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146869/vancomycin-resistance-enterococcus-and-implications-to-trauma-and-orthopaedic-care" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146869.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">148</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acute%20respiratory%20infections&page=8" rel="prev">&lsaquo;</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acute%20respiratory%20infections&page=1">1</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acute%20respiratory%20infections&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">...</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acute%20respiratory%20infections&page=6">6</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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