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id="toc-Christianity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Meditation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Meditation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Meditation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Meditation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Islam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Islam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Islam</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Islam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bahai_Faith" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bahai_Faith"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Bahai Faith</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bahai_Faith-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" 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id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 35 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-35" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">35 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%81%D9%83%D8%B1" title="تفكر – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تفكر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C9%99rketm%C9%99" title="Dərketmə – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Dərketmə" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Сузіранне – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Сузіранне" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8A%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Съзерцание – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Съзерцание" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contemplaci%C3%B3" title="Contemplació – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Contemplació" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kontemplace" title="Kontemplace – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kontemplace" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kontemplation" title="Kontemplation – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kontemplation" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kontemplation" title="Kontemplation – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kontemplation" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kontemplatsioon" title="Kontemplatsioon – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kontemplatsioon" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contemplaci%C3%B3n" title="Contemplación – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Contemplación" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kontemplo" title="Kontemplo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kontemplo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%98%D8%B1%D9%81%E2%80%8C%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="ژرف‌نگری – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ژرف‌نگری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contemplation" title="Contemplation – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Contemplation" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rinnfheitheamh" title="Rinnfheitheamh – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Rinnfheitheamh" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AC%B5%EC%83%81" title="묵상 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="묵상" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%A5%D6%81%D5%B8%D5%B2%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Հայեցողություն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հայեցողություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kontemplacija" title="Kontemplacija – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kontemplacija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contemplazione" title="Contemplazione – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Contemplazione" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%AA%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%AA" title="התבוננות – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="התבוננות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kontempliacija" title="Kontempliacija – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kontempliacija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Созерцание – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Созерцание" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contemplatie" title="Contemplatie – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Contemplatie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%86%9F%E8%80%83" title="熟考 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="熟考" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kontemplacja" title="Kontemplacja – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kontemplacja" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contempla%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Contemplação – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Contemplação" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contempla%C8%9Bie" title="Contemplație – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Contemplație" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Созерцание – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Созерцание" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kontempl%C3%A1cia" title="Kontemplácia – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kontemplácia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5" title="Созерцање – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Созерцање" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kontemplacija" title="Kontemplacija – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kontemplacija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mietiskely" title="Mietiskely – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Mietiskely" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kontemplation" title="Kontemplation – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kontemplation" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0%C3%A7selbak%C4%B1%C5%9F" title="İçselbakış – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İçselbakış" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Споглядання – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Споглядання" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BB%98%E8%A7%80" title="默觀 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="默觀" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1123855#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div 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searchaux" style="display:none">Profound thinking about something</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Contemplation_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Contemplation (disambiguation)">Contemplation (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kampen_kapell_interi%C3%B6r.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Kampen_kapell_interi%C3%B6r.JPG/220px-Kampen_kapell_interi%C3%B6r.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Kampen_kapell_interi%C3%B6r.JPG/330px-Kampen_kapell_interi%C3%B6r.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Kampen_kapell_interi%C3%B6r.JPG/440px-Kampen_kapell_interi%C3%B6r.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3200" data-file-height="4800" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kamppi_Chapel" title="Kamppi Chapel">Kamppi Chapel</a> in Helsinki City Centre is a <a href="/wiki/Community_centre" title="Community centre">community centre</a>, assigned for contemplation.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Solitude.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Solitude.jpg/220px-Solitude.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Solitude.jpg/330px-Solitude.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Solitude.jpg/440px-Solitude.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>Nature contemplation</figcaption></figure> <p>In a religious context, the practice of <b>contemplation</b> seeks a direct awareness of the <a href="/wiki/Divinity" title="Divinity">divine</a> which <a href="/wiki/Transcendence_(religion)" title="Transcendence (religion)">transcends</a> the intellect, often in accordance with religious practices such as <a href="/wiki/Meditation" title="Meditation">meditation</a> or <a href="/wiki/Contemplative_prayer" class="mw-redirect" title="Contemplative prayer">prayer</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Contemplation&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The word <i>contemplation</i> is derived from the <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> word <i>contemplatio</i>, ultimately from the Latin word <i>templum</i>, a piece of ground consecrated for the taking of auspices, or a building for worship. The latter either derives from the <a href="/wiki/Proto-Indo-European_language" title="Proto-Indo-European language">Proto-Indo-European</a> root <i>*tem-</i> ("to cut"), on notion of "place reserved or cut out", or from the root *<i>temp</i>- ("to stretch, string"), thus referring to a cleared (measured) space in front of an altar.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Latin word <i>contemplatio</i> was used to translate the <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a> word <i>θεωρία</i> (<i><a href="/wiki/Theoria" class="mw-redirect" title="Theoria">theōría</a></i>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Greek_philosophy">Greek philosophy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Contemplation&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Greek philosophy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Contemplation was an important part of the <a href="/wiki/Philosophy" title="Philosophy">philosophy</a> of <a href="/wiki/Plato" title="Plato">Plato</a>; Plato thought that through contemplation, the soul may ascend to knowledge of the <a href="/wiki/Form_of_the_Good" title="Form of the Good">Form of the Good</a> or other divine Forms.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Plotinus" title="Plotinus">Plotinus</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Neoplatonism" title="Neoplatonism">(neo)Platonic</a> philosopher also expressed contemplation as the most critical of components for one to reach <a href="/wiki/Henosis" title="Henosis">henosis</a>. To Plotinus the highest contemplation was to experience the vision of God, the <a href="/wiki/Monad_(philosophy)" title="Monad (philosophy)">Monad</a> or the One. Plotinus describes this experience in his works the <a href="/wiki/Enneads" title="Enneads">Enneads</a>. According to his student Porphyry, Plotinus stated that he had this experience of God four times.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Plotinus wrote about his experience in Enneads 6.9. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Judaism">Judaism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Contemplation&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Judaism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Jewish_meditation" title="Jewish meditation">Jewish meditation</a></div> <p>A number of sources have described the importance of contemplation in Jewish traditions, especially in <a href="/wiki/Jewish_meditation" title="Jewish meditation">Jewish meditation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Contemplation was central to the teaching of the Jewish philosopher Maimonides, who taught that contemplating God involves recognizing moral perfection, and that one must interrupt contemplation to attend to the poor.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Contemplation has also been central to the <a href="/wiki/Musar_movement" title="Musar movement">Musar movement</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Christianity">Christianity</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Contemplation&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Christianity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Antoine-%C3%89mile_Plassan_-_Devotion_(Contemplation)_-_Walters_3745.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Antoine-%C3%89mile_Plassan_-_Devotion_%28Contemplation%29_-_Walters_3745.jpg/220px-Antoine-%C3%89mile_Plassan_-_Devotion_%28Contemplation%29_-_Walters_3745.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="298" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Antoine-%C3%89mile_Plassan_-_Devotion_%28Contemplation%29_-_Walters_3745.jpg/330px-Antoine-%C3%89mile_Plassan_-_Devotion_%28Contemplation%29_-_Walters_3745.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Antoine-%C3%89mile_Plassan_-_Devotion_%28Contemplation%29_-_Walters_3745.jpg/440px-Antoine-%C3%89mile_Plassan_-_Devotion_%28Contemplation%29_-_Walters_3745.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1327" data-file-height="1800" /></a><figcaption>A woman places <a href="/wiki/Rosary" title="Rosary">rosary</a> beads on a devotional image mounted on the wall beside her bed.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Walters Art Museum.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Christian_contemplation" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian contemplation">Christian contemplation</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Christian_meditation" title="Christian meditation">Christian meditation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Theoria" class="mw-redirect" title="Theoria">Theoria</a></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Christianity" title="Eastern Christianity">Eastern Christianity</a>, contemplation (<a href="/wiki/Theoria" class="mw-redirect" title="Theoria">theoria</a>) literally means to see God or to have the Vision of God.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The state of beholding God, or union with God, is known as theoria. The process of <a href="/wiki/Theosis_(Eastern_Orthodox_theology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Theosis (Eastern Orthodox theology)">Theosis</a> which leads to that state of union with God known as theoria is practiced in the <a href="/wiki/Ascetic" class="mw-redirect" title="Ascetic">ascetic</a> tradition of <a href="/wiki/Hesychasm" title="Hesychasm">Hesychasm</a>. Hesychasm is to reconcile the heart and the mind into one thing (see <a href="/wiki/Nous" title="Nous">nous</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Contemplation in Eastern Orthodoxy is expressed in degrees as those covered in St <a href="/wiki/John_Climacus" title="John Climacus">John Climacus</a>' <a href="/wiki/Ladder_of_Divine_Ascent" class="mw-redirect" title="Ladder of Divine Ascent">Ladder of Divine Ascent</a>. The process of changing from the old man of sin into the newborn child of God and into our true nature as good and divine is called <a href="/wiki/Theosis_(Eastern_Orthodox_theology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Theosis (Eastern Orthodox theology)">Theosis</a>. </p><p>This is to say that once someone is in the presence of God, deified with him, then they can begin to properly understand, and there "contemplate" God. This form of contemplation is to have and pass through an actual experience rather than a rational or reasoned understanding of theory (see <a href="/wiki/Gnosis" title="Gnosis">Gnosis</a>). Whereas with rational thought one uses logic to understand, one does the opposite with God (see also <a href="/wiki/Apophatic_theology" title="Apophatic theology">Apophatic theology</a>). </p><p>The anonymously authored 14th century English contemplative work <i><a href="/wiki/The_Cloud_of_Unknowing" title="The Cloud of Unknowing">The Cloud of Unknowing</a></i> makes clear that its form of practice is not an act of the intellect, but a kind of transcendent 'seeing,' beyond the usual activities of the mind - "The first time you practice contemplation, you'll experience a darkness, like a cloud of unknowing. You won't know what this is... this darkness and this cloud will always be between you and your God... they will always keep you from seeing him clearly by the light of understanding in your intellect and will block you from feeling Him fully in the sweetness of love in your emotions. So be sure to make your home in this darkness... We can't think our way to God... that's why I'm willing to abandon everything I know, to love the one thing I cannot think. He can be loved, but not thought."<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Within Western <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> contemplation is often related to <a href="/wiki/Mystical_theology" title="Mystical theology">mysticism</a> as expressed in the works of <a href="/wiki/Mystical_theology" title="Mystical theology">mystical theologians</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Teresa_of_Avila" class="mw-redirect" title="Teresa of Avila">Teresa of Avila</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_of_the_Cross" title="John of the Cross">John of the Cross</a> as well as the writings of <a href="/wiki/Margery_Kempe" title="Margery Kempe">Margery Kempe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Augustine_Baker" title="Augustine Baker">Augustine Baker</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Merton" title="Thomas Merton">Thomas Merton</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dom <a href="/wiki/Edward_Cuthbert_Butler" title="Edward Cuthbert Butler">Cuthbert Butler</a> notes that contemplation was the term used in the Latin Church to refer to mysticism, and "'mysticism' is a quite modern word".<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Meditation">Meditation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Contemplation&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Meditation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Christianity, contemplation refers to a content-free mind directed towards the awareness of <a href="/wiki/God_in_Christianity" title="God in Christianity">God</a> as a living reality.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Meditation, on the other hand, for many centuries in the Western Church, referred to more cognitively active exercises, such as visualizations of Biblical scenes as in the <a href="/wiki/Spiritual_Exercises_of_Ignatius_of_Loyola" class="mw-redirect" title="Spiritual Exercises of Ignatius of Loyola">Ignatian exercises</a> or <i><a href="/wiki/Lectio_divina" class="mw-redirect" title="Lectio divina">lectio divina</a></i> in which the practitioner "listens to the text of the Bible with the 'ear of the heart', as if he or she is in conversation with God, and God is suggesting the topics for discussion."<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Catholic Christianity, contemplation is given importance. The Catholic Church's "model theologian", St. Thomas Aquinas wrote: "It is requisite for the good of the human community that there should be persons who devote themselves to the life of contemplation." (<i>Sentences</i>) One of his disciples, <a href="/wiki/Josef_Pieper" title="Josef Pieper">Josef Pieper</a> commented: "For it is contemplation which preserves in the midst of human society the truth which is at one and the same time useless and the yardstick of every possible use; so it is also contemplation which keeps the true end in sight, gives meaning to every practical act of life."<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pope John Paul II in the Apostolic Letter "Rosarium Virginis Mariae" referred specifically to the catholic devotion of the <a href="/wiki/Rosary" title="Rosary">Holy Rosary</a> as "an exquisitely contemplative prayer" and said that "By its nature the recitation of the Rosary calls for a quiet rhythm and a lingering pace, helping the individual to meditate on the mysteries of the Lord's life as seen through the eyes of her who was closest to the Lord. In this way the unfathomable riches of these mysteries are disclosed."<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to Aquinas, the highest form of life is the contemplative which communicates the fruits of contemplation to others, since it is based on the abundance of contemplation (<i>contemplari et contemplata aliis tradere</i>) (<a href="/wiki/Summa_Theologiae" class="mw-redirect" title="Summa Theologiae">ST</a>, III, Q. 40, A. 1, Ad 2). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Islam">Islam</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Contemplation&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Islam"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Muhammad%27s_first_revelation" title="Muhammad's first revelation">Muhammad's first revelation</a></div> <p>In Islamic tradition, it is said that <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a> would go into the desert, climb a mountain known as <a href="/wiki/Mount_Hira" class="mw-redirect" title="Mount Hira">Mount Hira</a>, and seclude himself from the world. While on the mountain, he would contemplate life and its meaning.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bahai_Faith">Bahai Faith</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Contemplation&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Bahai Faith"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Baha%27u%27llah" class="mw-redirect" title="Baha'u'llah">Baha'u'llah</a> and <a href="/wiki/Abdu%27l-Baha" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdu'l-Baha">Abdu'l-Baha</a> wrote about contemplation and meditation in regards to reflecting on beauty, the Kingdom of God, science, and the arts. Abdu'l-Baha stated that "the sign of the intellect is contemplation and the sign of contemplation is silence... he cannot both speak and meditate".<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Contemplation&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 18em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Attunement" title="Attunement">Attunement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemplative_education" title="Contemplative education">Contemplative education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemplative_prayer" class="mw-redirect" title="Contemplative prayer">Contemplative prayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henosis" title="Henosis">Henosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hesychasm" title="Hesychasm">Hesychasm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interior_life_(Catholic_theology)" title="Interior life (Catholic theology)">Interior life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miksang" title="Miksang">Miksang</a> (contemplative photography)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayer_of_Quiet" class="mw-redirect" title="Prayer of Quiet">Prayer of Quiet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quietism_(Christian_philosophy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Quietism (Christian philosophy)">Quietism (Christian philosophy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_experience" title="Religious experience">Religious experience</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Contemplation&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Metropolitan Hierotheos Vlachos: "The vision of the uncreated light, which offers knowledge of God to man, is sensory and supra-sensory. The bodily eyes are reshaped, so they see the uncreated light, "this mysterious light, inaccessible, immaterial, uncreated, deifying, eternal", this "radiance of the Divine Nature, this glory of the divinity, this beauty of the heavenly kingdom" (3,1,22;CWS p.80). Palamas asks: "Do you see that light is inaccessible to senses which are not transformed by the Spirit?" (2,3,22). St. Maximus, whose teaching is cited by St. Gregory, says that the Apostles saw the uncreated Light "by a transformation of the activity of their senses, produced in them by the Spirit" (2.3.22).<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">pelagia.org: "Stillness of the body is a limiting of the body. 'The beginning of <a href="/wiki/Hesychia" title="Hesychia">hesychia</a> is godly rest' (3). The intermediate stage is that of 'illuminating power and vision; and the end is ecstasy or rapture of the nous towards God' (4). St. John of the Ladder, referring to outward, bodily stillness, writes: 'The lover of stillness keeps his mouth shut' (5). But it is not only those called neptic Fathers who mention and describe the holy atmosphere of <a href="/wiki/Hesychia" title="Hesychia">hesychia</a>, it is also those known as 'social'. Actually in the Orthodox tradition there is no direct opposition between theoria and praxis, nor between the neptic and social Fathers. The neptics are eminently social and those in community are unimaginably neptic."<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Contemplation&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oed.com/view/Entry/40094">"Home : Oxford English Dictionary"</a>. <i>www.oed.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-09-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.oed.com&rft.atitle=Home+%3A+Oxford+English+Dictionary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oed.com%2Fview%2FEntry%2F40094&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AContemplation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.etymonline.com/search?q=temple">"temple | Search Online Etymology Dictionary"</a>. <i>Etymonline</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-03-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Etymonline&rft.atitle=temple+%7C+Search+Online+Etymology+Dictionary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2Fsearch%3Fq%3Dtemple&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AContemplation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVaan2018" class="citation book cs1">Vaan, Michiel de (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ecZ1DwAAQBAJ"><i>Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages</i></a>. Brill. pp. 610–611. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-16797-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-16797-1"><bdi>978-90-04-16797-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Etymological+Dictionary+of+Latin+and+the+other+Italic+Languages&rft.pages=610-611&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-90-04-16797-1&rft.aulast=Vaan&rft.aufirst=Michiel+de&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DecZ1DwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AContemplation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=veWc15Cd9L4C&pg=PA156"><i>Plato: Critical Assessments</i></a>, Nicholas D. Smith, Routledge, 1998. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-12605-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-12605-3">0-415-12605-3</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See the Life of Plotinus</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1993-01-30-me-1756-story.html">"Meditation Grows in Popularity Among Jews : Contemplation: The rediscovery of ancient tradition makes it a port of re-entry to Judaism, proponents say"</a>. <i>Los Angeles Times</i>. 1993-01-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-12-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Meditation+Grows+in+Popularity+Among+Jews+%3A+Contemplation%3A+The+rediscovery+of+ancient+tradition+makes+it+a+port+of+re-entry+to+Judaism%2C+proponents+say.&rft.date=1993-01-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1993-01-30-me-1756-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AContemplation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeeskin1991" class="citation book cs1">Seeskin, Kenneth (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UncLjJggeQgC&pg=PA110"><i>Maimonides: A Guide for Today's Perplexed</i></a>. Behrman House, Inc. p. 110. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87441-509-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87441-509-4"><bdi>978-0-87441-509-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Maimonides%3A+A+Guide+for+Today%27s+Perplexed&rft.pages=110&rft.pub=Behrman+House%2C+Inc&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0-87441-509-4&rft.aulast=Seeskin&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUncLjJggeQgC%26pg%3DPA110&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AContemplation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorinis2008" class="citation book cs1">Morinis, Alan (2008-12-02). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1yEL1YUaL1YC"><i>Everyday Holiness: The Jewish Spiritual Path of Mussar</i></a>. Shambhala Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8348-2221-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8348-2221-4"><bdi>978-0-8348-2221-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Everyday+Holiness%3A+The+Jewish+Spiritual+Path+of+Mussar&rft.pub=Shambhala+Publications&rft.date=2008-12-02&rft.isbn=978-0-8348-2221-4&rft.aulast=Morinis&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1yEL1YUaL1YC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AContemplation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://art.thewalters.org/detail/14934">"Devotion (Contemplation)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Walters_Art_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="The Walters Art Museum">The Walters Art Museum</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Devotion+%28Contemplation%29&rft.pub=The+Walters+Art+Museum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fart.thewalters.org%2Fdetail%2F14934&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AContemplation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Metropolitan Hierotheos Vlachos (2005), <i>Orthodox Psychotherapy</i>, section <i>The Knowledge of God according to St. Gregory Palamas</i>. Birth of Theotokos Monastery, Greece, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-960-7070-27-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-960-7070-27-2">978-960-7070-27-2</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">pelagia.org, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pelagia.org/htm/b02.en.orthodox_psychotherapy.05.htm"><i>Orthodox Psychotherapy</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120102175616/http://www.pelagia.org/htm/b02.en.orthodox_psychotherapy.05.htm">Archived</a> 2012-01-02 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, section on <i>Stillness and Prayer</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Excerpt from the Shambhala edition, translated by Carmen Acevedo Butcher <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.calameo.com/read/00003925753940ebf2aba">[1]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04324b.htm">"Contemplation"</a>, <i>Catholic Encyclopedia</i>, New Advent. Retrieved March 19, 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Western Mysticism: Augustine, Gregory and Bernard on Contemplation and the Contemplative Life</i>, by Dom Cuthbert Butler. Dover: Mineola, NY, 2003, p.4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A contemporary discussion of differences between <i>meditatio</i> and <i>contemplatio</i> is available in Father Thomas Keating's book on contemplative centering prayer, <i>Open Mind, Open Heart: The Contemplative Dimension of the Gospel</i> (1986) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8264-0696-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-8264-0696-3">0-8264-0696-3</a>. Brief descriptions of centering prayer and <i>lectio divina</i> are available online at <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.contemplativeoutreach.org/">http://www.contemplativeoutreach.org/</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://zenit.org/article-21671?l=english">"Says Pope a Universal Voice for the World"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080205004758/http://www.zenit.org/article-21671?l=english">Archived</a> 2008-02-05 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Carrie Gross, February 1, 2008, Zenit.org.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/en/apost_letters/2002/documents/hf_jp-ii_apl_20021016_rosarium-virginis-mariae.html">"Rosarium Virginis Mariae on the Most Holy Rosary (October 16, 2002) | John Paul II"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rosarium+Virginis+Mariae+on+the+Most+Holy+Rosary+%28October+16%2C+2002%29+%26%23124%3B+John+Paul+II&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vatican.va%2Fcontent%2Fjohn-paul-ii%2Fen%2Fapost_letters%2F2002%2Fdocuments%2Fhf_jp-ii_apl_20021016_rosarium-virginis-mariae.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AContemplation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBogle1998" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emory_C._Bogle.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emory C. Bogle. (page does not exist)">Bogle, Emory C.</a> (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/islam00emor/page/6"><i>Islam: Origin and Belief</i></a>. Texas University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/islam00emor/page/6">6</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-292-70862-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-292-70862-9"><bdi>0-292-70862-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islam%3A+Origin+and+Belief&rft.pages=6&rft.pub=Texas+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-292-70862-9&rft.aulast=Bogle&rft.aufirst=Emory+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fislam00emor%2Fpage%2F6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AContemplation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bahai.org/r/359367592">"Paris Talks | Bahá'í Reference Library"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Paris+Talks+%26%23124%3B+Bah%C3%A1%27%C3%AD+Reference+Library&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bahai.org%2Fr%2F359367592&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AContemplation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Contemplation&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Cuthbert_Butler" title="Edward Cuthbert Butler">Butler, Cuthbert</a>. <i>Western Mysticism: Augustine, Gregory and Bernard on Contemplation and the Contemplative Life</i>. Dover, Mineola, New York, 2003. second ed. (Originally published by E.P. Dutton, London 1926). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-486-43142-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-486-43142-8">0-486-43142-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Lossky" title="Vladimir Lossky">Lossky, Vladimir</a>. <i>The Vision of God</i>. SVS Press, 1997. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-913836-19-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-913836-19-2">0-913836-19-2</a></li> <li>Papanikolaou, Aristotle. <i>Being With God</i>. University of Notre Dame Press, 2006. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-268-03830-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-268-03830-9">0-268-03830-9</a></li> <li>Plested, Marcus.<i>The Macarian Legacy: The Place of Macarius-Symeon in the Eastern Christian Tradition</i>. Oxford Theological Monographs, 2004. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-926779-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-926779-0">0-19-926779-0</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomas_Spidlik" class="mw-redirect" title="Tomas Spidlik">Spidlik, Tomas</a>. <i>The Spirituality of the Christian East: A Systematic Handbook</i>. Cistercian Publications, Kalamazoo Michigan, 1986. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87907-879-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-87907-879-0">0-87907-879-0</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dumitru_Staniloae" class="mw-redirect" title="Dumitru Staniloae">Staniloae, Dumitru</a>. <i>The Experience of God: Revelation and Knowledge of the Triune God</i>. Orthodox Dogmatic Theology, Volume 1. Holy Cross Orthodox Press, 2005. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-917651-70-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-917651-70-7">0-917651-70-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dumitru_Staniloae" class="mw-redirect" title="Dumitru Staniloae">Staniloae, Dumitru</a>. <i>The Experience of God: The World, Creation and Deification</i>. Orthodox Dogmatic Theology, Volume 2. Holy Cross Orthodox Press, 2005. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-885652-41-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-885652-41-0">1-885652-41-0</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Contemplation&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://satyagraha.wordpress.com/2018/10/13/aristotle-contemplative-life/">Aristotle: Why the Contemplative Life is the Happiest</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nicomachean_Ethics" title="Nicomachean Ethics">Nicomachean Ethics</a> 10.7). English and Greek.</li> <li>Philo of Alexandria, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.earlychristianwritings.com/yonge/book34.html">On the Contemplative Life</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Contemplation" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Contemplation">Contemplation</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em 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