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Abbondanza isotopica - Wikipedia
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id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostra/Nascondi l'indice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostra/Nascondi l'indice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Abbondanza isotopica</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vai a una voce in un'altra lingua. Disponibile in 39 lingue" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-39" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">39 lingue</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relatiewe_voorkoms" title="Relatiewe voorkoms - afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Relatiewe voorkoms" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abundancia_natural" title="Abundancia natural - aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Abundancia natural" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%B7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="وفرة طبيعية - arabo" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="وفرة طبيعية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abondanza_natural" title="Abondanza natural - asturiano" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Abondanza natural" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rasprostranjenost_u_prirodi" title="Rasprostranjenost u prirodi - bosniaco" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Rasprostranjenost u prirodi" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abund%C3%A0ncia_natural" title="Abundància natural - catalano" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Abundància natural" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C5%99irozen%C3%BD_v%C3%BDskyt" title="Přirozený výskyt - ceco" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Přirozený výskyt" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ceco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naturlig_forekomst" title="Naturlig forekomst - danese" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Naturlig forekomst" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nat%C3%BCrliche_H%C3%A4ufigkeit" title="Natürliche Häufigkeit - tedesco" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Natürliche Häufigkeit" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_abundance" title="Natural abundance - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Natural abundance" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natura_abundeco" title="Natura abundeco - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Natura abundeco" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abundancia_natural" title="Abundancia natural - spagnolo" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Abundancia natural" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ugaritasun_natural" title="Ugaritasun natural - basco" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ugaritasun natural" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%B7%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%B9%DB%8C" title="فراوانی طبیعی - persiano" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فراوانی طبیعی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abondance_naturelle" title="Abondance naturelle - francese" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Abondance naturelle" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abundancia_natural" title="Abundancia natural - galiziano" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Abundancia natural" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiziano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Term%C3%A9szetes_el%C5%91fordul%C3%A1s" title="Természetes előfordulás - ungherese" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Természetes előfordulás" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungherese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelimpahan_alami_unsur" title="Kelimpahan alami unsur - indonesiano" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kelimpahan alami unsur" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E7%84%B6%E5%AD%98%E5%9C%A8%E6%AF%94" title="天然存在比 - giapponese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="天然存在比" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="giapponese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9E%90%EC%97%B0_%EC%A1%B4%EC%9E%AC%EB%B9%84" title="자연 존재비 - coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="자연 존재비" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relatief_aanwaezigheid" title="Relatief aanwaezigheid - limburghese" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Relatief aanwaezigheid" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Природна застапеност - macedone" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Природна застапеност" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelimpahan_semula_jadi" title="Kelimpahan semula jadi - malese" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kelimpahan semula jadi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%B6rkamen_in_de_Natur" title="Vörkamen in de Natur - basso tedesco" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Vörkamen in de Natur" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="basso tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relatieve_aanwezigheid" title="Relatieve aanwezigheid - olandese" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Relatieve aanwezigheid" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="olandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naturlig_forekomst" title="Naturlig forekomst - norvegese bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Naturlig forekomst" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegese bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abundancja_izotopu" title="Abundancja izotopu - polacco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Abundancja izotopu" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abund%C3%A2ncia_natural" title="Abundância natural - portoghese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Abundância natural" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portoghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abunden%C8%9B%C4%83_natural%C4%83" title="Abundență naturală - rumeno" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Abundență naturală" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%91%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Изотопная распространённость - russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Изотопная распространённость" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbunnanza_isot%C3%B2pica" title="Abbunnanza isotòpica - siciliano" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Abbunnanza isotòpica" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siciliano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_abundance" title="Natural abundance - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Natural abundance" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pogostost_izotopa" title="Pogostost izotopa - sloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Pogostost izotopa" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rasprostranjenost_u_prirodi" title="Rasprostranjenost u prirodi - serbo" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Rasprostranjenost u prirodi" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%83%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95_%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%83%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A7%E0%B0%BF" title="ప్రాకృతిక సమృద్ధి - telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ప్రాకృతిక సమృద్ధి" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%93%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4" title="ความอุดมสมบูรณ์ตามธรรมชาติ - thailandese" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ความอุดมสมบูรณ์ตามธรรมชาติ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Do%C4%9Fal_bolluk" title="Doğal bolluk - turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Doğal bolluk" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Ізотопна поширеність - ucraino" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ізотопна поширеність" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%B0%E5%BA%A6" title="丰度 - cinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="丰度" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="cinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q659662#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifica collegamenti interlinguistici" class="wbc-editpage">Modifica collegamenti</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespace"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Abbondanza_isotopica" title="Vedi la voce [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Voce</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Da Wikipedia, l'enciclopedia libera.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="it" dir="ltr"><p>L'<b>abbondanza isotopica</b> è il rapporto tra il numero di <a href="/wiki/Atomo" title="Atomo">atomi</a> di un determinato <a href="/wiki/Isotopo" title="Isotopo">isotopo</a> di un <a href="/wiki/Elemento_chimico" title="Elemento chimico">elemento</a> e il numero di atomi totali dell'elemento.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>L'abbondanza isotopica è variabile da campione a campione, ma abbastanza uniforme da potersi considerare costante per calcoli del <a href="/wiki/Peso_atomico" class="mw-redirect" title="Peso atomico">peso atomico</a> di un elemento (quello riportato solitamente nella <a href="/wiki/Tavola_periodica" class="mw-redirect" title="Tavola periodica">tavola periodica</a>). </p><p>L'<b>abbondanza naturale</b> è la percentuale che esprime il rapporto fra il numero di atomi dell'isotopo naturale (quindi stabile, come ad esempio il <sup>1</sup>H) e quello di tutti gli altri atomi. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rapporto_di_abbondanza">Rapporto di abbondanza</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abbondanza_isotopica&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Rapporto di abbondanza" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abbondanza_isotopica&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Rapporto di abbondanza"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>L'abbondanza isotopica si può esprimere con il <b>rapporto di abbondanza</b>: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle R={\frac {^{m}X}{^{n}X}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>R</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <msup> <mi></mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>m</mi> </mrow> </msup> <mi>X</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <msup> <mi></mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msup> <mi>X</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle R={\frac {^{m}X}{^{n}X}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/1e984d79f89f906094fbd5ffc37ec611cb018095" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:9.354ex; height:5.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle R={\frac {^{m}X}{^{n}X}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>dove <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle ^{i}X}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msup> <mi></mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msup> <mi>X</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle ^{i}X}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/aa7de3dcc7d5d9b68fa7c8397eb382c694c91d5c" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.78ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle ^{i}X}"></span> è la <a href="/wiki/Concentrazione_(chimica)" title="Concentrazione (chimica)">concentrazione</a> dell'isotopo di massa <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle i}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>i</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle i}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/add78d8608ad86e54951b8c8bd6c8d8416533d20" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:0.802ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle i}"></span> dell'elemento <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle X}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>X</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle X}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/68baa052181f707c662844a465bfeeb135e82bab" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.98ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle X}"></span>. </p><p>Dato che, normalmente, il rapporto di abbondanza ha valori molto bassi, si preferisce usare la grandezza: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \delta ={\frac {R_{campione}-R_{standard}}{R_{standard}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <msub> <mi>R</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>c</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mi>m</mi> <mi>p</mi> <mi>i</mi> <mi>o</mi> <mi>n</mi> <mi>e</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>−<!-- − --></mo> <msub> <mi>R</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>s</mi> <mi>t</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mi>n</mi> <mi>d</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mi>r</mi> <mi>d</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <msub> <mi>R</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>s</mi> <mi>t</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mi>n</mi> <mi>d</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mi>r</mi> <mi>d</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \delta ={\frac {R_{campione}-R_{standard}}{R_{standard}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a6f82ced1f3c79aa2025fb9362b3b9945cf56a1a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:25.336ex; height:6.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \delta ={\frac {R_{campione}-R_{standard}}{R_{standard}}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>dove <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle R_{campione}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>R</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>c</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mi>m</mi> <mi>p</mi> <mi>i</mi> <mi>o</mi> <mi>n</mi> <mi>e</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle R_{campione}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a00c530ba9038f78c2a7319ebe1be76f226146f4" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:8.965ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle R_{campione}}"></span> è il rapporto di abbondanza del campione in esame, e <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle R_{standard}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>R</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>s</mi> <mi>t</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mi>n</mi> <mi>d</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mi>r</mi> <mi>d</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle R_{standard}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/5f176c2e0630937c3c7a49925c88f601e739f9d4" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:8.547ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle R_{standard}}"></span> è il rapporto di abbondanza di un <a href="/wiki/Materiale_di_riferimento" title="Materiale di riferimento">materiale di riferimento</a>. Questa grandezza viene normalmente espressa in unità ‰. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Frazionamento_isotopico">Frazionamento isotopico</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abbondanza_isotopica&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la sezione Frazionamento isotopico" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abbondanza_isotopica&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Frazionamento isotopico"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gli <a href="/wiki/Isotopi" class="mw-redirect" title="Isotopi">isotopi</a> di uno stesso <a href="/wiki/Elemento_chimico" title="Elemento chimico">elemento</a>, avendo <a href="/wiki/Massa_(fisica)" title="Massa (fisica)">massa</a> diversa, hanno <a href="/wiki/Propriet%C3%A0_chimiche" class="mw-redirect" title="Proprietà chimiche">proprietà chimiche</a> e <a href="/wiki/Propriet%C3%A0_fisiche" class="mw-redirect" title="Proprietà fisiche">fisiche</a> leggermente diverse. Per questo, durante le <a href="/w/index.php?title=Trasformazioni_chimiche&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trasformazioni chimiche (la pagina non esiste)">trasformazioni chimiche</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Traformazioni_fisiche&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Traformazioni fisiche (la pagina non esiste)">fisiche</a> avviene un <b>frazionamento isotopico</b>, cioè i due isotopi si distribuiscono con un'abbondanza differente nei <a href="/wiki/Reagente" title="Reagente">reagenti</a> e nei prodotti. Ad esempio, nell'<a href="/wiki/Evaporazione" title="Evaporazione">evaporazione</a> dell'<a href="/wiki/Acqua" title="Acqua">acqua</a>, la <a href="/wiki/Molecola" title="Molecola">molecola</a> H<sub>2</sub><sup>18</sup>O, che ha una <a href="/wiki/Tensione_di_vapore" class="mw-redirect" title="Tensione di vapore">tensione di vapore</a> leggermente inferiore a quella della molecola H<sub>2</sub><sup>16</sup>O, tenderà a rimanere in <a href="/wiki/Fase_liquida" class="mw-redirect" title="Fase liquida">fase liquida</a>, aumentando la sua abbondanza isotopica in questa. Il <a href="/wiki/Vapore_acqueo" title="Vapore acqueo">vapore acqueo</a> formato dall'evaporazione avrà quindi una minore abbondanza dell'isotopo <sup>18</sup>O rispetto all'originale abbondanza nell'acqua. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abbondanza_isotopica&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la sezione Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abbondanza_isotopica&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://goldbook.iupac.org/I03332.html">IUPAC Gold Book, "isotopic abundance"</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voci_correlate">Voci correlate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abbondanza_isotopica&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la sezione Voci correlate" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abbondanza_isotopica&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Voci correlate"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abbondanza_chimica" title="Abbondanza chimica">Abbondanza chimica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abbondanza_cosmica" title="Abbondanza cosmica">Abbondanza cosmica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isotopo" title="Isotopo">Isotopo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabella_degli_isotopi" title="Tabella degli isotopi">Tabella degli isotopi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isotopo_stabile#Studio_degli_isotopi_stabili" title="Isotopo stabile">Isotopo stabile#Studio degli isotopi stabili</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r141815314">.mw-parser-output .navbox{border:1px solid #aaa;clear:both;margin:auto;padding:2px;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox th{padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr:first-child>th{background:#ccf;font-size:90%;width:100%;color:var(--color-base,black)}.mw-parser-output .navbox_navbar{float:left;margin:0;padding:0 10px 0 0;text-align:left;width:6em}.mw-parser-output .navbox_title{font-size:110%}.mw-parser-output .navbox_abovebelow{background:#ddf;font-size:90%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbox_group{background:#ddf;font-size:90%;padding:0 10px;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output 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.navbox_group{background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .subnavbox_group{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle)!important}}</style><table class="navbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed noprint metadata" id="navbox-Isotopi"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2"><div class="navbox_navbar"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-base, #000000); white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Template:Isotopi" title="Template:Isotopi"><span title="Vai alla pagina del template">V</span></a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Discussioni_template:Isotopi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Discussioni template:Isotopi (la pagina non esiste)"><span title="Discuti del template">D</span></a> · <a class="external text" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Isotopi&action=edit"><span title="Modifica il template. Usa l'anteprima prima di salvare">M</span></a></div></div><span class="navbox_title"><a href="/wiki/Isotopo" title="Isotopo">Isotopi</a></span></th></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group">Isotopi per elemento</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd"><a href="/wiki/Isotopi_dell%27idrogeno" title="Isotopi dell'idrogeno">Isotopi dell'idrogeno</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Isotopi_dell%27elio" title="Isotopi dell'elio">Isotopi dell'elio</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Isotopi_del_litio" title="Isotopi del litio">Isotopi del litio</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Isotopi_del_berillio" title="Isotopi del berillio">Isotopi del berillio</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Isotopi_del_boro" title="Isotopi del boro">Isotopi del boro</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Isotopi_del_carbonio" title="Isotopi del carbonio">Isotopi del carbonio</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Isotopi_dell%27azoto" class="mw-redirect" title="Isotopi dell'azoto">Isotopi dell'azoto</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Isotopi_dell%27ossigeno" class="mw-redirect" title="Isotopi dell'ossigeno">Isotopi dell'ossigeno</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Isotopi_del_fluoro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isotopi del fluoro (la pagina non esiste)">Isotopi del fluoro</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Isotopi_del_neon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isotopi del neon (la pagina non esiste)">Isotopi del neon</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Isotopi_del_cesio" title="Isotopi del cesio">Isotopi del cesio</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Isotopi_dell%27oro" title="Isotopi dell'oro">Isotopi dell'oro</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Isotopi_dell%27afnio" title="Isotopi dell'afnio">Isotopi dell'afnio</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group">Altri approfondimenti</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_even"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Abbondanza isotopica</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Delta-O-18" title="Delta-O-18">Delta-O-18</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Isola_di_stabilit%C3%A0" title="Isola di stabilità">Isola di stabilità</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Isotopo_stabile" title="Isotopo stabile">Isotopo stabile</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Lista_di_elementi_per_stabilit%C3%A0_degli_isotopi" class="mw-redirect" title="Lista di elementi per stabilità degli isotopi">Lista di elementi per stabilità degli isotopi</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Notazione_isotopica" title="Notazione isotopica">Notazione isotopica</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Radionuclide" title="Radionuclide">Radionuclide</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Tabella_degli_isotopi" title="Tabella degli isotopi">Tabella degli isotopi</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r141815314"><table class="navbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed noprint metadata" id="navbox-Soluzioni_chimiche"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2"><div class="navbox_navbar"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-base, #000000); white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Template:Soluzioni_chimiche" title="Template:Soluzioni chimiche"><span title="Vai alla pagina del template">V</span></a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Discussioni_template:Soluzioni_chimiche&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Discussioni template:Soluzioni chimiche (la pagina non esiste)"><span title="Discuti del template">D</span></a> · <a class="external text" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Soluzioni_chimiche&action=edit"><span title="Modifica il template. Usa l'anteprima prima di salvare">M</span></a></div></div><span class="navbox_title"><a href="/wiki/Soluzione_(chimica)" title="Soluzione (chimica)">Soluzioni chimiche</a></span></th></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group">Tipologie</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd"><a href="/wiki/Soluzione_ideale" title="Soluzione ideale">Soluzione ideale</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Soluzione_regolare" title="Soluzione regolare">Soluzione regolare</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Soluzione_acquosa" title="Soluzione acquosa">Soluzione acquosa</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Soluzione_solida" title="Soluzione solida">Soluzione solida</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Soluzione_tampone" title="Soluzione tampone">Soluzione tampone</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Teoria_della_soluzione_di_Flory-Huggins" title="Teoria della soluzione di Flory-Huggins">Teoria di Flory–Huggins</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Miscela" title="Miscela">Miscela</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Sospensione_(chimica)" title="Sospensione (chimica)">Sospensione</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Colloide" title="Colloide">Colloide</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Diagramma_di_fase" title="Diagramma di fase">Diagramma di fase</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Punto_eutettico" class="mw-redirect" title="Punto eutettico">Punto eutettico</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Lega_(metallurgia)" title="Lega (metallurgia)">Lega</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Saturazione_(chimica_generale)" title="Saturazione (chimica generale)">Saturazione</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Supersaturazione" title="Supersaturazione">Supersaturazione</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Diluizione" title="Diluizione">Diluizione</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Diluizione_seriale" title="Diluizione seriale">Diluizione seriale</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Grandezza_parziale_molare" title="Grandezza parziale molare">Grandezza parziale molare</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Grandezza_apparente_molare" title="Grandezza apparente molare">Grandezza apparente molare</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Grandezza_in_eccesso" title="Grandezza in eccesso">Grandezza in eccesso</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Divario_di_miscibilit%C3%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Divario di miscibilità (la pagina non esiste)">Divario di miscibilità</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group"><a href="/wiki/Concentrazione_(chimica)" title="Concentrazione (chimica)">Concentrazione</a><br />e quantità relazionate</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_even"><a href="/wiki/Concentrazione_di_quantit%C3%A0_di_sostanza" title="Concentrazione di quantità di sostanza">Concentrazione molare</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Concentrazione_massica" title="Concentrazione massica">Concentrazione di massa</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Densit%C3%A0_di_numero" title="Densità di numero">Concentrazione di numero</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Frazione_volumica" title="Frazione volumica">Concentrazione di volume</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Normalit%C3%A0_(chimica)" title="Normalità (chimica)">Normalità</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Diluizione_percentuale_(disambigua)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diluizione percentuale (disambigua) (la pagina non esiste)">Soluzione percentuale</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Rapporto_di_diluizione_(chimica)" title="Rapporto di diluizione (chimica)">DR DF</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Molalit%C3%A0" title="Molalità">Molalità</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Frazione_molare" title="Frazione molare">Frazione molare</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Frazione_massica" title="Frazione massica">Frazione di massa</a><b> ·</b> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Abbondanza isotopica</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Rapporto_di_mescolanza" title="Rapporto di mescolanza">Rapporto di mescolanza</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Diagramma_ternario" title="Diagramma ternario">Diagramma ternario</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group"><a href="/wiki/Solubilit%C3%A0" title="Solubilità">Solubilità</a></th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd"><a href="/wiki/Costante_di_solubilit%C3%A0" title="Costante di solubilità">Costante di solubilità</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Residuo_fisso" title="Residuo fisso">Solidi totali disciolti</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Solvatazione" title="Solvatazione">Solvatazione</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Sfera_di_solvatazione" title="Sfera di solvatazione">Sfera di solvatazione</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Entalpia_di_soluzione" title="Entalpia di soluzione">Entalpia di soluzione</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Energia_reticolare" title="Energia reticolare">Energia di reticolo</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Legge_di_Raoult" title="Legge di Raoult">Legge di Raoult</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Legge_di_Henry" title="Legge di Henry">Legge di Henry</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tabella_di_solubilit%C3%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tabella di solubilità (la pagina non esiste)">Tabella di solubilità</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Carta_solubilit%C3%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carta solubilità (la pagina non esiste)">Carta solubilità</a><b> ·</b> Parametri di solubilità (<a href="/wiki/Parametro_di_solubilit%C3%A0_di_Hansen" title="Parametro di solubilità di Hansen">δ, molecole polari</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Parametro_di_solubilit%C3%A0_di_Hildebrand" title="Parametro di solubilità di Hildebrand">δ<sub>H</sub>, molecole non polari</a>)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group"><a href="/wiki/Solvente" title="Solvente">Solvente</a></th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_even">(<a href="/wiki/Categoria:Solventi" title="Categoria:Solventi">Categoria</a>)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Costante_di_dissociazione_acida" title="Costante di dissociazione acida">Costante di dissociazione acida</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Solvente_protico" title="Solvente protico">Solvente protico</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Solventi_non_acquosi_inorganici&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Solventi non acquosi inorganici (la pagina non esiste)">Solventi non acquosi inorganici</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Solvatazione" title="Solvatazione">Solvatazione</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Elenco_delle_informazioni_di_ebollizione_e_congelamento_dei_solventi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elenco delle informazioni di ebollizione e congelamento dei solventi (la pagina non esiste)">Elenco delle informazioni di ebollizione e congelamento dei solventi</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Coefficiente_di_ripartizione_(chimica)" title="Coefficiente di ripartizione (chimica)">Coefficiente di ripartizione</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Polarit%C3%A0" title="Polarità">Polarità chimica</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Idrofobia" title="Idrofobia">Idrofobo</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Idrofilia" title="Idrofilia">Idrofilo</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Liposolubilit%C3%A0" title="Liposolubilità">Liposolubile</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Anfifilico" title="Anfifilico">Anfifilico</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ione_lionio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ione lionio (la pagina non esiste)">Ione lionio</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ione_liate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ione liate (la pagina non esiste)">Ione liate</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="noprint" style="width:100%; padding: 3px 0; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; row-gap: 4px; column-gap: 8px; box-sizing: border-box;"><div style="flex-grow: 1"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140555418">.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{width:100%;line-height:25px;border:1px solid #CCF;background-color:#F0EEFF;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#FAFAFA}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output 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