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యెమన్ - వికీపీడియా
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dir="ltr"> <section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <p>యెమన్ (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%B9%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82:IPA/English&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="సహాయం:IPA/English (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/j/: 'y' in 'yes'">j</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span></span>/</a></span><small class="nowrap metadata"> (<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82:En-us-Yemen.ogg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="దస్త్రం:En-us-Yemen.ogg"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/13px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/20px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/26px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500"></a></span> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5b/En-us-Yemen.ogg" class="internal" title="En-us-Yemen.ogg">listen</a>)</small></span>; <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%85%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%80_%E0%B0%AD%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="అరబ్బీ భాష">అరబ్బీ</a>: <span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">اليَمَن</span></span> <i><span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">al-Yaman</i></span></i>),అధికారికంగా <b>యెమన్ గణతంత్రం</b> అని పిలవబడుతుంది. (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">الجمهورية اليمنية</span></span> <i><span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">al-Jumhūrīyah al-Yamanīyah</i></span></i>), పశ్చిమాసియా లోని అరబ్ దేశాలలో ఇది ఒకటి. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%85%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE_%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%82?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="అరేబియా ద్వీపకల్పం">అరేబియా ద్వీపకల్పం</a>లో దక్షిణతీరంలో ఉంది. 203,850 చ.కి.మీ వైశాల్యం కలిగిన యెమన్ అరేబియా ద్వీపకల్పంలో వైశాల్యపరంగా ద్వితీయస్థానంలో ఉంది.సముద్రతీరం పొడవు 2,000 కి.మీ.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> యేమన్ ఉత్తర సరిహద్దులో <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8C%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%80_%E0%B0%85%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="సౌదీ అరేబియా">సౌదీ అరేబియా</a>, పశ్చిమ సరిహద్దులో ఎర్రసముద్రం, దక్షిణ సరిహద్దులో గల్ఫ్ ఆఫ్ ఆడెన్, అరేబియన్ సముద్రం, తూర్పు, ఈశాన్య సరిహద్దులో <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%92%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ఒమన్">ఒమన్</a> దేశం ఉన్నాయి.యెమన్ రాజ్యాంగ బద్ధంగా సనా నగరాన్ని రాజధానిగా నిర్ణయించినప్పటికీ <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2015?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2015">2015</a> ఫిబ్రవరి వరకు యెమన్ రాజధాని నగరం సనా తిరుగుబాటుదారుల ఆధీనంలో ఉంది. అందువలన యెమన్ రాజధాని తాత్కాలికంగా దక్షిణ తీరంలో ఉన్న" ఆడెన్ " నగరానికి మార్చబడింది. యెమన్ భూభాగంలో 200 ద్వీపాలు ఉన్నాయి. వీటిలో అత్యంత విశాలమైనది " సొకోటా " ద్వీపం.యెమన్ సబయాన్లకు నిలయంగా ఉంది (బైబుల్ పేరు షెబా) <sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> వాణిజ్యపరంగా వేయి సంవత్సరాలకు పైగా ప్రాధాన్యత కలిగిన యెమన్ దేశంలో ఆధునిక కాలానికి చెందిన <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%8E%E0%B0%A5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="ఎథియోపియా (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">ఎథియోపియా</a> , <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%8E%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ఎరిత్రియా">ఎరిత్రియా</a> దేశాలు భాగంగా ఉన్నాయని భావిస్తున్నారు. సా.శ. 275లో ఈ ప్రాంతం యెమనీ యూదుల పాలనలో తరువాత " హిమియారితే రాజ్యంలో " భాగంగా మారింది.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> యెమన్ ప్రాంతంలో 4వ శతాబ్ధంలో క్రైస్తవమతం ప్రవేశించింది. ముందుగా ఇక్కడ యూదిజం , ప్రాంతీయంగా ఉన్న పాగనిజం ఉండేవి. 7వ శతాబ్ధం నాటికి ఈ ప్రాంతంలో ఇస్లాం వేగవంతంగా వ్యాపించింది. ఆరంభకాల ఇస్లాం యుద్ధాలలో యెమన్ బృందాలు ప్రధాన పాత్ర వహించాయి.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> యెమన్ రాజ్యాంగ వ్యవస్థ అత్యంత కాఠిన్యత కలిగినదిగా భావించబడుతుంది. <sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <table class="infobox geography vcard" style="width:46ex; margin-top:0.75em;"> <tbody> <tr> <th colspan="3" align="center" class="mergedtoprow adr" style="line-height:1.2em; padding:0.25em 0.33em 0.33em; font-size:1.25em;"><span style="line-height:1.33em;"><big> الجمهورِيّة اليَمَنيّة </big><br><i>Al-Jumhūriyyah al-Yamaniyyah</i></span> <div class="fn org country-name" style="padding-top:0.25em;"> <span style="line-height:1.33em;">యెమన్ గణతంత్రం</span> </div></th> </tr> <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <td class="maptable" colspan="3" align="center" style="padding:0.5em 0;"> <table align="center" style="width:100%; background:none;"> <tbody> <tr> <td align="center" style="width:58%; vertical-align:middle;"><span style="display:inline;"><span style="display:table-cell; border:1px solid #ddd;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82:Flag_of_Yemen.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Yemen"><img alt="Flag of Yemen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/125px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/188px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/250px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></a></span></span></span></td> <td align="center" style="width:auto; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82:Emblem_of_Yemen.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Yemen యొక్క చిహ్నం"><img alt="Yemen యొక్క చిహ్నం" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Emblem_of_Yemen.svg/85px-Emblem_of_Yemen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="49" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Emblem_of_Yemen.svg/128px-Emblem_of_Yemen.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Emblem_of_Yemen.svg/170px-Emblem_of_Yemen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="670" data-file-height="390"></a></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center"><small></small></td> <td align="center"><small></small></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="line-height:1.2em; text-align:center;"><b><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%82?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="నినాదం">నినాదం</a></b><br><i>"Allah, al-Watan, at-Thawra, al-Wehda"</i><small><br> "God, the Nation, the Revolution, Unity"</small></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="line-height:1.2em; text-align:center;"><b><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%82?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="జాతీయగీతం">జాతీయగీతం</a></b><br><i><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=National_anthem_of_Yemen&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="National anthem of Yemen (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">United Republic</a></i> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"> <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span> <audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="49" data-mwtitle="United_States_Navy_Band_-_United_Republic.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"> <source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/13/United_States_Navy_Band_-_United_Republic.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/13/United_States_Navy_Band_-_United_Republic.ogg/United_States_Navy_Band_-_United_Republic.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0"><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_United_Republic.ogg&lang=ar&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ar" label="العربية (ar)" data-dir="rtl"><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_United_Republic.ogg&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English (en)" data-dir="ltr"><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_United_Republic.ogg&lang=es&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="es" label="español (es)" data-dir="ltr"><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_United_Republic.ogg&lang=id&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="id" label="Bahasa Indonesia (id)" data-dir="ltr"><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_United_Republic.ogg&lang=uk&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="uk" label="українська (uk)" data-dir="ltr"><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_United_Republic.ogg&lang=zh-tw&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh-Hant-TW" label="中文(臺灣) (zh-tw)" data-dir="ltr"> </audio></span></span> </div><br></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center; padding:0.6em 0em;"> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82:LocationYemen.PNG?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Yemen యొక్క స్థానం"><img alt="Yemen యొక్క స్థానం" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/LocationYemen.PNG/250px-LocationYemen.PNG" decoding="async" width="250" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/LocationYemen.PNG/375px-LocationYemen.PNG 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/LocationYemen.PNG/500px-LocationYemen.PNG 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400"></a> <figcaption> Yemen యొక్క స్థానం </figcaption> </figure> <div style="position:relative; top:0.3em;"> <small></small> </div></td> </tr> <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <td colspan="2"><b><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%A7%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="రాజధాని">రాజధాని</a></b><br><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Yemen_%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AD%E0%B0%BE&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Yemen జనాభా (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">అతి పెద్ద నగరం</a></td> <td><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Sanaa&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Sanaa (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Sanaa</a><br><small><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3926454">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion load-gadget" data-gadget="WikiMiniAtlas"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename%3D%25E0%25B0%25AF%25E0%25B1%2586%25E0%25B0%25AE%25E0%25B0%25A8%25E0%25B1%258D%26params%3D15.8__N_47.9__E_type:country(527,968)"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">15°48′N</span> <span class="longitude">47°54′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">15.8°N 47.9°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">15.8; 47.9</span></span></span></a></span></span></span></small></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%85%E0%B0%A7%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0_%E0%B0%AD%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="అధికార భాష">అధికార భాషలు</a></th> <td><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arabic_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%AD%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%82?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ప్రభుత్వం">ప్రభుత్వం</a></th> <td><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Republic&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Republic (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Republic</a></td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <td style="width:1em; padding:0 0 0 0.6em;"> - </td> <td style="padding-left:0em;"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=President_of_Yemen&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="President of Yemen (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">President</a></td> <td><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ali_Abdullah_Saleh&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Ali Abdullah Saleh (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Ali Abdullah Saleh</a></td> </tr> <tr class="mergedbottomrow"> <td style="width:1em; padding:0 0 0 0.6em;"> - </td> <td style="padding-left:0em;"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Prime_Minister_of_Yemen&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Prime Minister of Yemen (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Prime Minister</a></td> <td><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ali_Mohammed_Mojawar&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Ali Mohammed Mojawar (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Ali Mohammed Mojawar</a></td> </tr> <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <th colspan="3">Establishment</th> </tr> <tr class="mergedbottomrow"> <td style="width:1em; padding:0 0 0 0.6em;"> - </td> <td style="padding-left:0em;"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=History_of_Yemen&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="History of Yemen (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Unification</a></td> <td><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=May_22&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="May 22 (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">May 22</a> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1990?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1990">1990</a> </td> </tr> <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <th colspan="3"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A3%E0%B0%82?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="విస్తీర్ణం">విస్తీర్ణం</a></th> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <td style="width:1em; padding:0 0 0 0.6em;"> - </td> <td style="padding-left:0em;">మొత్తం</td> <td><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1_E8_%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%80%C2%B2&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1 E8 మీ² (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)"> 527,968 కి.మీ²</a> (<a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_countries_and_outlying_territories_by_area?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries and outlying territories by area">49th</a>)<br> 203,849 <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%9A%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81_%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%88%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="చదరపు మైలు">చ.మై</a> </td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <td style="width:1em; padding:0 0 0 0.6em;"> - </td> <td style="padding-left:0em;"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="జలాలు">జలాలు</a> (<a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%B6%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%82?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="శాతం">%</a>)</td> <td>negligible</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <th colspan="3"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AD%E0%B0%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="జనాభా">జనాభా</a></th> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <td style="width:1em; padding:0 0 0 0.6em;"> - </td> <td style="padding-left:0em;">July 2005 అంచనా</td> <td>20,975,000 (<a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_countries_by_population?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by population">51st</a>)</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedbottomrow"> <td style="width:1em; padding:0 0 0 0.6em;"> - </td> <td style="padding-left:0em;"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%A8_%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="జన సాంద్రత">జన సాంద్రత</a></td> <td>40 /కి.మీ² (<a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_countries_by_population_density?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by population density">160th</a>)<br> 104 /చ.మై</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <td colspan="2"><b><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gross_domestic_product?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Gross domestic product">జీడీపీ</a></b> (<a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Purchasing_power_parity&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Purchasing power parity (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">PPP</a>)</td> <td>2005 అంచనా</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <td style="width:1em; padding:0 0 0 0.6em;"> - </td> <td style="padding-left:0em;">మొత్తం</td> <td>$19.480 billion (<a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by GDP (PPP)">110th</a>)</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedbottomrow"> <td style="width:1em; padding:0 0 0 0.6em;"> - </td> <td style="padding-left:0em;">తలసరి</td> <td>$900 (<a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)_per_capita?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita">175th</a>)</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><b><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AD%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%83%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A7%E0%B0%BF_%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%9A%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="మానవాభివృద్ధి సూచిక">మా.సూ (హెచ్.డి.ఐ)</a></b> (2004)</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></span></span> 0.492 (<font style="color:#e0584e">low</font>) (<a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%B6%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2_%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BE_-_%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AD%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%83%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A7%E0%B0%BF_%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%9A%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95_%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="దేశాల జాబితా - మానవాభివృద్ధి సూచిక క్రమంలో">150th</a>)</td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="కరెన్సీ">కరెన్సీ</a></th> <td><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Yemeni_rial&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Yemeni rial (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Yemeni rial</a> $1 = 198.13 Rials (<code><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=ISO_4217&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="ISO 4217 (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">YER</a></code>)</td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%B6%E0%B0%82?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="కాలాంశం">కాలాంశం</a></th> <td><span class="nowrap">(<a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Coordinated Universal Time">UTC</a>+3)</span></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Country_code_top-level_domain?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Country code top-level domain">ఇంటర్నెట్ డొమైన్ కోడ్</a></th> <td><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=.ye&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title=".ye (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">.ye</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_country_calling_codes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="List of country calling codes">కాలింగ్ కోడ్</a></th> <td>+967</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>యెమన్ ప్రాంతంలో 16వ శతాబ్ధం నుండి పలు రాజవంశాలు ఉద్భవించాయి. వీటిలో రసులిద్ రాజవంశం అత్యంత శక్తివంతమైనది , అత్యంత సుసంపన్నమైనదిగా భావించబడుతుంది. 20వ శతాబ్ధం ఆరంభంలో ఈ దేశం ఓట్టమన్ , బ్రిటిష్ సాంరాజ్యాలచేత విభజితమై ఉండేది. మొదటి ప్రపంచ యుద్ధం తరువాత , <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1962?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1962">1962</a> లో " యెమన్ అరబ్ రిపబ్లిక్ " స్థాపించబడడానికి ముందుగా ఉత్తర యెమన్ ప్రాంతంలో " ది జైదీ ముతవాక్కీలితే కింగ్డం ఆఫ్ యెమన్ " స్థాపించబడింది. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1967?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1967">1967లో</a> దక్షిణ యేమన్ ప్రాంతం బ్రిటిష్ రక్షిత ప్రాంతంగా (ఆడెన్ ప్రొటెక్టరేట్) ప్రాంతంగా ఉండేది. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1990?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1990">1990లో</a> రెండు యేమన్ ప్రాంపాలు సమైఖ్యం చేయబడి ఆధునిక " రిపబ్లిక్ ఆఫ్ యేమన్ " గా స్థాపించబడింది. యేమన్ అభివృద్ధిచెందుతున్న దేశం.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> అలాగే మిడిల్ ఈస్ట్ దేశాలలో యేమన్ అత్యంత పేదదేశం.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> అలీ అబ్దుల్లా సాలేహ్ పాలనలో యేమన్ దేశం " దోపిడీదారుల దేశం " గా వర్ణించబడుతుంది. <sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2009?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2009">2009</a> అంతర్జాతీయ లంచం అవగాహన ఇండెక్స్ " ట్రాంస్పరెంసీ ఇంటర్నేషనల్ " జాబితా అనుసరించి 182 దేశాలలో యేమన్ 164వ స్థానంలో ఉంది.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> రాజ్యాంగ వ్యవస్థ బలహీనంగా ఉండడం , నాణ్యమైన రాజకియవ్యవస్థ లేమి కారణంగా యేమన్లో కూటమి ఆధిపత్యం కొనసాగింది.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> అనధికారికంగా రాజకీయాధికారం ముగ్గురిమద్య విభజించబడింది: అఫ్హ్యక్షుడు అలీ అబ్దుల్లా షాహ్(దేశ నియత్రణ కలిగిన వ్యక్తి); మేజర్ జనరల్ " అలీ - మొహ్సెన్ అల్- అహ్మర్ (రిపబ్లిక్ ఆఫ్ యెమన్ ఆర్మీ నియంత్రణ కలిగినవ్యక్తి);, అబ్దుల్లా ఇబ్న్ హుసాయ్న్ ఆల్- అహ్మర్ (అల్ ఇస్లా పార్టీ) ఇస్లామిస్ట్. <sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ట్రైల్ షేక్స్తో కూడినది.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> స్థానిక తెగల స్వయంప్రతిపత్తి కొరకు సౌదీ నుండి నిధులు సమకూరేవి.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> యెమన్లో <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2011?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2011">2011లో</a> పేదరికం, నిరుద్యోగం, లంచం, రాజ్యాంగ సవరణ కోరుతూ వీధి నిరసనలు మొదలైయ్యాయి.<sup id="cite_ref-Gelvin_20-0" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Gelvin-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> అధ్యక్షుడు సాలేహ్ పదవి నుండి తప్పుకుని అధికారం ఉపాధ్యక్షుడు " అబ్ద్ రబ్దుహ్ హాది "కి బదిలీ చేయబడింది. తరువాత ఆయన <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2012?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2012">2012</a> ఫిబ్రవరి 21న అధ్యక్షుడుగా ఎన్నిక చేయబడ్డాడు. అధికార బదిలీ కార్యక్రమాన్ని హౌతీస్ , అల్- ఇస్లాహు ఎదుర్కొన్నారు. అల్ కొయిదా కూడా యెమన్లో కొంత ప్రభావం చూపింది. 2014 సెప్టెంబరులో హౌతీసు సనాను స్వాధీనం చేసుకుంది.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> తరువాత వారివారు ప్రభుత్వప్రకటన చేసుకున్నారు.<sup id="cite_ref-glorious_23-0" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-glorious-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> తరువాత సౌదీ అరేబియా జోక్యం చేసుకున్నప్పటికీ యెమన్ అంతర్యుద్ధాన్ని నిలువరించడానికి వీలుకాలేదు.</p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="te" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">విషయాలు</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%B0%9A%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">చరిత్ర</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%A8_%E0%B0%9A%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">పురాతన చరిత్ర</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-3"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81"><span class="tocnumber">1.1.1</span> <span class="toctext">సబియన్లు</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-4"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B2_%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF"><span class="tocnumber">1.1.2</span> <span class="toctext">రోమన్ల దాడి</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-5"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B2_%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF_%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A4"><span class="tocnumber">1.1.3</span> <span class="toctext">రోమన్ల దాడి తరువాత</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-6"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%B0%B9%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D"><span class="tocnumber">1.1.4</span> <span class="toctext">హిమయరితెస్</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-7"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%88%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82"><span class="tocnumber">1.1.5</span> <span class="toctext">జాతివైరం</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-8"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%88%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%82"><span class="tocnumber">1.1.6</span> <span class="toctext">క్రైస్తవం</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%82"><span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext">మద్యయుగం</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%B0%87%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%82_%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%B6%E0%B0%82_,_%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%81_%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%B6%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81"><span class="tocnumber">1.3</span> <span class="toctext">ఇస్లాం ప్రవేశం , మూడు రాజవంశాలు</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-11"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%B9%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%B6%E0%B0%82_(1047-1138)"><span class="tocnumber">1.3.1</span> <span class="toctext">సులేహిద్ రాజవంశం (1047-1138)</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-12"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%B0%85%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82_(1171%E2%80%931260)"><span class="tocnumber">1.3.2</span> <span class="toctext">అయ్యుబిద్ విజయం (1171–1260)</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-13"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%B6%E0%B0%82_(1229-1454)"><span class="tocnumber">1.3.3</span> <span class="toctext">రసులిద్ రాజవంశం (1229-1454)</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-4 tocsection-14"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%85%E0%B0%AD%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%83%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A7%E0%B0%BF_%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81"><span class="tocnumber">1.3.3.1</span> <span class="toctext">రసూలిద్ అభివృద్ధి పనులు</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-4 tocsection-15"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%82"><span class="tocnumber">1.3.3.2</span> <span class="toctext">రసూలిద్ పూర్వీకం</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-16"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%B9%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%88%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%B6%E0%B0%82_(1454-1517)"><span class="tocnumber">1.3.4</span> <span class="toctext">తహిరైడ్ రాజవంశం (1454-1517)</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-4 tocsection-17"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B2_%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF"><span class="tocnumber">1.3.4.1</span> <span class="toctext">మమ్లకుల దాడి</span></a></li> </ul></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%B0%86%E0%B0%A7%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95_%E0%B0%9A%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0"><span class="tocnumber">1.4</span> <span class="toctext">ఆధునిక చరిత్ర</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-19"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81_,_%E0%B0%93%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81"><span class="tocnumber">1.4.1</span> <span class="toctext">జెదీలు , ఓట్టమన్లు</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-20"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%B0%85%E0%B0%B9%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B7%E0%B0%BE"><span class="tocnumber">1.4.2</span> <span class="toctext">అహ్మద్ పాషా</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-21"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%B0%87%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%82_%E0%B0%85%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D-_%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%B9%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D"><span class="tocnumber">1.4.3</span> <span class="toctext">ఇమాం అల్- ముతహర్</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-22"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE_%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AB%E0%B0%BE_%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B7%E0%B0%BE"><span class="tocnumber">1.4.4</span> <span class="toctext">లాల్ కరా ముస్తాఫా పాషా</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-23"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B7%E0%B0%BE"><span class="tocnumber">1.4.5</span> <span class="toctext">సినాన్ పాషా</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-24"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80_%E0%B0%86%E0%B0%A7%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%96%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%A4"><span class="tocnumber">1.4.6</span> <span class="toctext">టర్కీ ఆధిఖ్యత</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-25"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%B0%B9%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B7%E0%B0%BE"><span class="tocnumber">1.4.7</span> <span class="toctext">హాసన్ పాషా</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-26"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%B0%87%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%82_%E0%B0%85%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D-_%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D"><span class="tocnumber">1.4.8</span> <span class="toctext">ఇమాం అల్- మంసూర్</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-27"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%B0%85%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D_-_%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B9%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%8D"><span class="tocnumber">1.4.9</span> <span class="toctext">అల్ - ముయ్యద్ ముహమ్మద్</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-28"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%B0%93%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B2_%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF"><span class="tocnumber">1.4.10</span> <span class="toctext">ఓట్టమన్ల దాడి</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-29"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%B0%85%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D-_%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%B9%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%BF_%E0%B0%85%E0%B0%B9%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%8D"><span class="tocnumber">1.4.11</span> <span class="toctext">అల్- మహ్ది అహ్మద్</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-30"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%B6%E0%B0%82"><span class="tocnumber">1.4.12</span> <span class="toctext">క్వాసిమిద్ రాజవంశం</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-31"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D_,_9_%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81"><span class="tocnumber">1.5</span> <span class="toctext">గ్రేట్ బ్రిటన్ , 9 ప్రాంతాలు</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-32"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%B0%93%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%82"><span class="tocnumber">1.6</span> <span class="toctext">ఓట్టమన్ పునరాగమనం</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-33"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%86_%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82_(%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D)"><span class="tocnumber">1.7</span> <span class="toctext">ముతవక్కిలితె రాజ్యం (యెమన్)</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-34"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%B0%87%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81"><span class="tocnumber">1.7.1</span> <span class="toctext">ఇద్రిసిదులు</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-35"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8C%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8B_%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82"><span class="tocnumber">1.7.2</span> <span class="toctext">సౌదీలో కలవరం</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-36"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%86%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D"><span class="tocnumber">1.8</span> <span class="toctext">కాలనియల్ ఆడెన్</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-37"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%81_%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81"><span class="tocnumber">1.9</span> <span class="toctext">రెండు రాజ్యాలు</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-38"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%88%E0%B0%96%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82_,_%E0%B0%85%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A7%E0%B0%82"><span class="tocnumber">1.10</span> <span class="toctext">సమైఖ్యం , అంతర్యుద్ధం</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-39"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A8_%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D"><span class="tocnumber">1.11</span> <span class="toctext">సమకాలీన యెమన్</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-40"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%B0%85%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%BE"><span class="tocnumber">1.12</span> <span class="toctext">అల్ కొయిదా</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-41"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B2_%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A6_%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%81.%E0%B0%8E%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D._%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF"><span class="tocnumber">1.12.1</span> <span class="toctext">తీవ్రవాదుల మీద యు.ఎస్. దాడి</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-42"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%81_,_%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A4"><span class="tocnumber">1.13</span> <span class="toctext">తిరుగుబాటు , తరువాత</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-43"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%B0%8E.%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%82.%E0%B0%8E.%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%BF"><span class="tocnumber">1.13.1</span> <span class="toctext">ఎ.క్యూ.ఎ.పి</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-44"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%B0%B9%E0%B1%8C%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%80_%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%81"><span class="tocnumber">1.13.2</span> <span class="toctext">హౌతీ తిరుగుబాటు</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-45"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%B0%B9%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%80"><span class="tocnumber">1.13.3</span> <span class="toctext">హదీ</span></a></li> </ul></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-46"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%B0%86%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A7%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%82"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">ఆర్ధికం</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-47"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">వ్యవసాయం</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-48"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B6%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95_%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%82"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">పారిశ్రామిక రంగం</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-49"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%B0%8E%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81"><span class="tocnumber">2.3</span> <span class="toctext">ఎగుమతులు</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-50"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%B0%86%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A7%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95_%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A3%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B3%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95"><span class="tocnumber">2.4</span> <span class="toctext">ఆర్ధిక ప్రణాళిక</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-51"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%AB%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">నీటిసరఫరా</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-52"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%A3%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">గణాంకాలు</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-53"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AF_%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B9%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">సంప్రదాయ సమూహాలు</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-54"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%B0%AD%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B7%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81"><span class="tocnumber">4.2</span> <span class="toctext">భాషలు</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-55"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%82"><span class="tocnumber">4.3</span> <span class="toctext">మతం</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-56"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BF_%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">వెలుపలి లింకులు</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-57"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">మూలాలు</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="చరిత్ర"><span id=".E0.B0.9A.E0.B0.B0.E0.B0.BF.E0.B0.A4.E0.B1.8D.E0.B0.B0"></span>చరిత్ర</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="విభాగాన్ని మార్చు: చరిత్ర" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>మార్చు</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="పురాతన_చరిత్ర"><span id=".E0.B0.AA.E0.B1.81.E0.B0.B0.E0.B0.BE.E0.B0.A4.E0.B0.A8_.E0.B0.9A.E0.B0.B0.E0.B0.BF.E0.B0.A4.E0.B1.8D.E0.B0.B0"></span>పురాతన చరిత్ర</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="విభాగాన్ని మార్చు: పురాతన చరిత్ర" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>మార్చు</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>యెమన్ సుదీర్ఘ సముద్రతీరం మద్య తూర్పు , పశ్చిమ నాగరికతలు విలసిల్లాయి. యెమన్ వ్యూహాత్మకమైన ఉపస్థితి పలు నాగరికతలకు కేంద్రంగా ఉండాడానికి అలాగే వాణిజ్య కూడలిగా ఉండడానికి అనుకూలించింది. యెమన్ ఉత్తర ప్రాంతంలోని పర్వతప్రాంతాలలో క్రీ.పూ 5,000 సంవత్సరాలకు పూర్వం నుండి బృహత్తర మానవ ఆవాసాలు ఏర్పడ్డాయి.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> పురాతన యెమన్ కాంశ్యయుగం నుండి బిడారు వర్తక రాజ్యాలుగా మారేవరకు యెమన్ గురించిన చరిత్ర స్వల్పంగానే వెలుగులోకి వచ్చింది.ఇది అరేబియాలో ఇస్లామిక్ పూర్వ చరిత్ర గురించి తెలుసుకోవడానికి పరిశోధకులను నిరుత్సాహానికి గురిచేసింది.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82:British_Museum_Yemen_05.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/British_Museum_Yemen_05.jpg/220px-British_Museum_Yemen_05.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="267" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1608" data-file-height="1952"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 267px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/British_Museum_Yemen_05.jpg/220px-British_Museum_Yemen_05.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="267" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/British_Museum_Yemen_05.jpg/330px-British_Museum_Yemen_05.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/British_Museum_Yemen_05.jpg/440px-British_Museum_Yemen_05.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> A <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Sabaean&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Sabaean (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Sabaean</a> gravestone of a woman holding a stylized sheaf of wheat, a symbol of fertility in ancient Yemen </figcaption> </figure> <p>క్రీ.పూ. 11వ శతాబ్ధం నుండి యెమన్ ప్రాంతంలో సబీయన్ రాజ్యం ఉనికిలోకి వచ్చింది.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> దక్షిణ అరేబియాలో విలసిల్లిన స్థానిక కూటమితో ఏర్పడిన రాజ్యాలలో సబీనా, హద్రామౌట్, క్వతాబన్ మినాయన్లు రాజ్యాలు ప్రధానమైనవి. సబా అనేపదానికి బైబిలికల్ పదం షెబా మూలమని భావిస్తున్నారు. వీటిలో సబా రాజ్యం మరింత ప్రాముఖ్యత సంతరించుకున్న సమాఖ్యగా భావించబడుతుంది.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> సబీయన్ పాలకులు " ముకర్రిబ్ " (సమైఖ్యతా వాదులు) బిరుదును స్వీకరించారు. <sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> లేక " ప్రీస్ట్ - కింగ్ " (పురోహిత రాజులు) అనే అర్ధం ఉంది.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> వీరు దక్షిణ అరేబియా రాజ్యాల సమాఖ్య నాయకులుగా " కింగ్స్ ఆఫ్ కింగ్స్ " గా గౌరవించబడ్డారు.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ముకర్రిబ్ రాజ్యంలో పలు స్థానికజాతుల నుండి ఎన్నిక చేయబడ్డారు. వీరు రాజ్యరాజకీయాల మీద ఆధిఖ్యత కలిగి ఉండేవారు. <sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="సబియన్లు"><span id=".E0.B0.B8.E0.B0.AC.E0.B0.BF.E0.B0.AF.E0.B0.A8.E0.B1.8D.E0.B0.B2.E0.B1.81"></span>సబియన్లు</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="విభాగాన్ని మార్చు: సబియన్లు" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>మార్చు</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>సబీయన్లు క్రీ.పూ. 940లో " గ్రేట్ మారిబ్ ఆఫ్ మారిబ్ " ఆనకట్ట నిర్మించారు.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ఈ ఆనకట్ట లోయల నుండి దూసుకువస్తున్న జలప్రవాహాన్ని తట్టుకుని నిలబడింది. క్రీ.పూ. 700 , 800 అవ్సన్ రాజ్యం ఆడెన్ రాజ్యం , దక్షిణ అరేబియాలో ఆధిఖ్యతతలో ఉన్న రాజ్యాల మీద ఆధిఖ్యత సాధించింది. సబీన్ ముకర్రిబ్ "మొదటి కరిబ్ వాతార్ " అవ్సన్ పాలకులందరి మీద విజయం సాధించారు.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> తరువాత ఆయన సబీయన్ పాలనను దక్షిణ అరేబియాలోని పలుప్రాంతాలకు విస్తరించారు.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ద్వీపకల్పాన్ని సంఘటితం చేయడం ద్వారా సబీయన్లు అరేబియా ద్వీపకల్పంలో నీటికొరతను పరిష్కరించారు. వ్యాపారమార్గాల నియంత్రణ కొరకు సబీన్లు వివిధ కాలనీలు స్థాపించారు. <sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> సబీయన్ల ప్రభావానికి నిదర్శనగా ఉత్తర <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%8E%E0%B0%A5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="ఎథియోపియా (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">ఎథియోపియాలో</a> ఎథియోపియాలో అరేబియన్ లిపి, మతం, మందిరాలు, దక్షిణ అరేబియా నిర్మాణశైలి, కళా కనిపిస్తూ ఉంది.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> సబీయన్ వారి మతం ద్వారా వారికి ప్రత్యేక గుర్తింపును తయారుచేసుకున్నారు. వారు " అల్మక్వా (ఎల్-మక్వాహ్) "ను ఆరాధించారు. వారు ఆయన పిల్లలు అని వారు విశ్వసించారు.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> సబియన్లు కొన్ని శతాబ్ధాల కాలం బాబ్- ఎల్- మాండెబ్ జసంధిలో (అరేబియన్ ద్వీపకల్పం, ఆఫ్రికా , ఎర్రసముద్రాలను హిందూ మహాసముద్రం నుండి వేరుచేస్తుంది) వ్యాపారంపై నియంత్రణ కలిగి ఉన్నారు.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> క్రీ.పూ. మూడవ శతాబ్దం నాటికి క్వతాబన్, హద్రామౌట్ , మినయన్లు సబా నుండి స్వతంత్రం పొంది వారి స్వంత యెమని వేదిక స్థాపించుకున్నారు. తరువాత మినయన్ పాలన డెబన్ వరకు విస్తరించింది.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> వారు " బారాక్విష్ "ను రాజధానిగా చేసుకున్నారు. క్రీ.పూ. 50 లో క్వతాబన్ పతనం తరువాత సబయన్లు మినయన్ల రాజ్యాన్ని తిరిగి స్వాధీనం చేసుకున్నారు. క్రీ.పూ. 25లో రోమన్లు అలియస్ గల్లస్ నాయకత్వంలో అరేబియా మీద దాడి చేసేవరకు సయన్ల ఆధిపత్యం కొనసాగింది.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="రోమన్ల_దాడి"><span id=".E0.B0.B0.E0.B1.8B.E0.B0.AE.E0.B0.A8.E0.B1.8D.E0.B0.B2_.E0.B0.A6.E0.B0.BE.E0.B0.A1.E0.B0.BF"></span>రోమన్ల దాడి</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D&action=edit&section=4&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="విభాగాన్ని మార్చు: రోమన్ల దాడి" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>మార్చు</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>సబయన్ల మీద ఆధిపత్యం సాధించడానికి అనువుగా సైనికసమీకరణచేసి యుద్ధానికి సన్నద్ధం అయ్యాడు.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> అరేబియన్ లేక యెమన్ భూభాగం మీద సరైన భౌగోళిక అవగాహన రోమన్ల 10,000 సైన్యం మారిబ్ చేరే ముందుగా ఓటమి పాలైంది.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> స్ట్రాబోకు అలియస్ గల్లస్తో ఉన్న సన్నిహిత సంబంధం కారణంగా ఆయన స్నేహితుడి ఓటమిని ఆయన వ్రాతలలో పొందుపరిచేలా చేసింది. రోమంస్ మారిబ్ చేరడానికి ఆరు మాసాలు , మారిబ్ నుండి <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%88%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ఈజిప్ట్">ఈజిప్ట్</a> చేరడానికి మరో ఆరుమాసాలు పట్టాయి. రోమన్లు నబటయన్ మార్గదర్శిని నిందించి ఆయన మోసానికి ఆయనకు మరణశిక్ష విధించింది.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> సయన్ వ్రాతలలో రోమన్ దాడి గురించి పేర్కొనబడలేదు.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="రోమన్ల_దాడి_తరువాత"><span id=".E0.B0.B0.E0.B1.8B.E0.B0.AE.E0.B0.A8.E0.B1.8D.E0.B0.B2_.E0.B0.A6.E0.B0.BE.E0.B0.A1.E0.B0.BF_.E0.B0.A4.E0.B0.B0.E0.B1.81.E0.B0.B5.E0.B0.BE.E0.B0.A4"></span>రోమన్ల దాడి తరువాత</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D&action=edit&section=5&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="విభాగాన్ని మార్చు: రోమన్ల దాడి తరువాత" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>మార్చు</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82:Bmane2002-1-114,1.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Bmane2002-1-114%2C1.jpg/220px-Bmane2002-1-114%2C1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Bmane2002-1-114%2C1.jpg/220px-Bmane2002-1-114%2C1.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Bmane2002-1-114%2C1.jpg/330px-Bmane2002-1-114%2C1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Bmane2002-1-114%2C1.jpg/440px-Bmane2002-1-114%2C1.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> A funerary <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Stele&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Stele (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">stela</a> featuring a musical scene, first century AD </figcaption> </figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82:Dhamar_Ali_Yahbur_(bust).jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Dhamar_Ali_Yahbur_%28bust%29.jpg/220px-Dhamar_Ali_Yahbur_%28bust%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="276" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="817" data-file-height="1024"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 276px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Dhamar_Ali_Yahbur_%28bust%29.jpg/220px-Dhamar_Ali_Yahbur_%28bust%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="276" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Dhamar_Ali_Yahbur_%28bust%29.jpg/330px-Dhamar_Ali_Yahbur_%28bust%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Dhamar_Ali_Yahbur_%28bust%29.jpg/440px-Dhamar_Ali_Yahbur_%28bust%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Himyarite&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Himyarite (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Himyarite</a> King Dhamar Ali Yahbur II </figcaption> </figure> <p>రోమన్ దాడి తరువాత దేశంలో గందరగోళం నెలకొన్నది. తరువాత బాను హందాన్ , హియార్ వంశాలు రాజ్యాధికారం చేజిక్కించుకున్నారు. వీరు రాజా షెబా , రాజా హిమయార్ బిరుదులతో పాలన సాగించారు.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> సబయన్లకు వ్యతిరేకంగా ధు రేదాన్లు , హిమయరిటీలు కూటమిగా చేరారు.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ప్రతినిధి బకిల్, రాజా సబా , ధు రేదాన్, ఎల్ షరీహ్ యహ్ధిబ్ హిమయరిటీలు , హబషత్లతో విజయవంతంగా యుద్ధాలు చేసారు. ఎల్ షరిహ్ యుద్ధాలలో చేసిన యుద్ధాలు అధికంగా గుర్తింపును పొదాయి. ఆయనకు యహ్దిప్ (అణిచివేతదారుడు) అనే బిరుదు ఇవ్వబడింది. ఆయన తన శత్రువులను ముక్కలు ముక్కలు చేసేవాడు. <sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ఆయన కాలంలో సనా ప్రాముఖ్యత సంతరించుకుంది. సా.శ. 100లో హిమయరితె సనాను బను హందాన్తో విలీనం చేసాడు.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> హషిద్ ఆదిమతెగ తిరుగుబాటు తరువాత క్రీ.పూ. 180లో సనా తిరిగి ఆధుఖ్యత చేజిక్కించుకుంది.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> క్రీ.పూ. 275వరకు షమ్మర్ యహ్రిష్ హద్రత్,నజ్రన్ , తిహమాల మీద విజయం సాధించలేదు.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="హిమయరితెస్"><span id=".E0.B0.B9.E0.B0.BF.E0.B0.AE.E0.B0.AF.E0.B0.B0.E0.B0.BF.E0.B0.A4.E0.B1.86.E0.B0.B8.E0.B1.8D"></span>హిమయరితెస్</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D&action=edit&section=6&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="విభాగాన్ని మార్చు: హిమయరితెస్" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>మార్చు</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>హిమయరితెస్ బహుళదేవతారాధనను వ్యతిరేకించి సమైక్యంగా ఏకీశ్వరోపాసనను ఆచరించారు.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> క్రీ.పూ. 354 రోమన్ చక్రవర్తి "రెండవ కాన్స్టాంటిస్" హిమయరిటీస్ను క్రైస్తవులుగా మార్చడానికి " థియో ది ఇండియన్ " నాయకత్వంలో దౌత్యబృందాన్ని పంపాడు.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ఫిలోస్టోర్జియస్ వ్రాతలను అనుసరించి ఈ మిషన్ను యూదులు తిరస్కరించారని భావిస్తున్నారు.<sup id="cite_ref-Shlomo_Sand_p.193_55-0" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Shlomo_Sand_p.193-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ఇజ్రేలీ ప్రజలను, యూదుల సహాయగుణాన్ని ప్రశంశిస్తూ హెర్బ్యూ, సబయన్ శాసనాలు లభించాయి.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ఇస్లామిక్ సంప్రదాయం అనుసరించి " రాజా తుబా అబు కరిబా అసద్ " సైనికసమీకరణచేసి యూదుల నాయకుడు యాత్రిబ్కు మద్దతుగా దాడిచేసాడు.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> శాసనాల ఆధారంగా అబు కరిబా అసద్ కిండాహ్ రాజ్యానికి మద్దతుగా లఖ్మిదులకు వ్యతిరేకంగా సైన్యాలను నడిపించాడని భావిస్తున్నారు.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> అయినప్పటికీ ఆయన దీర్ఘకాల పాలనలో యూదులు లేక యథ్రిబ్ గురించిన ప్రత్యక్ష ఆధారాలు లభించలేదు. 50 సంవత్సరాల తరువాత క్రీ.పూ 445లో అబు కరిబా మరణించాడు.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="జాతివైరం"><span id=".E0.B0.9C.E0.B0.BE.E0.B0.A4.E0.B0.BF.E0.B0.B5.E0.B1.88.E0.B0.B0.E0.B0.82"></span>జాతివైరం</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D&action=edit&section=7&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="విభాగాన్ని మార్చు: జాతివైరం" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>మార్చు</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>క్రీ.పూ. 515 హిమయర్ మతపరంగా విభజించబడింది.విభిన్నజాతుల మద్య జాతివైరాలు అధికంగా సంభవించాయి. ఇది " అక్సమిటీల " దాడికి దారితీసింది. చివరి హిమయరితే రాజుకు మద్దతుగా యూదులకు వ్యతిరేకంగా అక్సాలు సహకరించారు. క్రైస్తవమతారాధకుడు మాదికరిబ్ అరబ్ తెగకు చెందిన బైజాంటియం మద్దతుతో దక్షిణ ఇరాక్లోని " లఖ్మిదులకు " వ్యతిరేకంగా యుద్ధం చేసాడు.<sup id="cite_ref-Scott_Johnson_282_60-0" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Scott_Johnson_282-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> పర్షియా సంప్రదాయం అనుసరించే లఖ్మిదులు అన్యమతానుయాయులైన క్రైస్తవులను సహించలేరు.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> " 521 "లో మా అధికరిబ్ యా ఫర్ " మరణించిన తరువాత " హిమ్యరితె - యూద యుద్ధవీరుడు " ధూ నువాస్ " (యూసఫ్ అసర్ యాథర్) అధికారం హస్తగతం చేసుకున్నాడు. ఆయన గౌరవనామం " యాథర్ " (ప్రతీకారం కొరకు). అక్సం , బైజాంటియం నుండి సహాయసహకారాలు అందుకుంటున్న యెమనీ క్రైస్తవులు యూదులను హింసిస్తూ ఈ ప్రాంతంలో ఉన్న వారి ఆరధనా ప్రాంతాలను తగులబెట్టారు . యూసెఫ్ ప్రతీకారంతో ఆయన ప్రజలను తీవ్రహింసలకు గురిచేసారు.<sup id="cite_ref-Ken_Blady_p.9_62-0" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Ken_Blady_p.9-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> యూసఫ్ సైన్యంతో మొచా (యెమన్) చేరుకుని 14,000 మందిని చంపి 11,000 మందిని ఖైదుచేసాడు.<sup id="cite_ref-Scott_Johnson_282_60-1" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Scott_Johnson_282-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> తరువాత అక్సం నుండి సహాయసహకారం అందకుండాచేయడానికి " బాబ్-ఎల్-మాండెబ్ " కేంపు స్థాపించాడు.తరువాత యూసఫ్ యూదుయుద్ధవీరుడు " షరాహిల్ యాక్యుబుల్ " నాయకత్వంలో " నజ్రన్ "కు సైన్యాలను పంపించాడు. తరువాత షరాహిల్ సైన్యాలకు కిండాహ్ , మధాహి నుండి అదనపు బలగాలు వచ్చి చేరాయి. చివరికి యూసఫ్ నజ్రన్ నుండి క్రైస్తవులను దాదాపు పూర్తిగా తుడిచిపెట్టాడు.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ఇస్లామిక్ సంప్రదాయకులు యూసఫ్ 20,000 క్రైస్తవులను గుటలలలో వేసి మండే ఆయిల్తో నింపారని భావిస్తున్నారు. <sup id="cite_ref-Ken_Blady_p.9_62-1" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Ken_Blady_p.9-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ఈ చరిత్ర పురాణాలలో చోటుచేసుకుంది.<sup id="cite_ref-Shlomo_Sand_p.193_55-1" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Shlomo_Sand_p.193-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ధూ నువాస్ వదిలి వెళ్ళిన రెండు శాసనాలు ఈ భయంకరమైన గుంటల గురించిన వివరాలు వివరించలేదు.బైజాంటియం తూర్పుప్రాంత క్రైస్తవులకు రక్షకులుగా భావిస్తున్నారు. బైజాంటియం చక్రవర్తి అక్సుమైట్ రాజా కాలెబ్కు హేయమైన హెబ్ర్యూల మీద దాడి చేయమని వత్తిడి చేస్తూ ఒక లేఖ పంపాడు.<sup id="cite_ref-Scott_Johnson_282_60-2" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Scott_Johnson_282-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> బైజాంటైన్, అక్సుమైట్ , అరబ్ క్రైస్తవులు కూటమిచేరి సా.శ. 525-527 నాటికి యూసఫ్ను ఓడించారు. తరువాత క్రైస్తవ రాజు హిమయరితె సిహాసనం అధిష్టించాడు.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="క్రైస్తవం"><span id=".E0.B0.95.E0.B1.8D.E0.B0.B0.E0.B1.88.E0.B0.B8.E0.B1.8D.E0.B0.A4.E0.B0.B5.E0.B0.82"></span>క్రైస్తవం</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D&action=edit&section=8&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="విభాగాన్ని మార్చు: క్రైస్తవం" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>మార్చు</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82:Jemen1988-022_hg.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Jemen1988-022_hg.jpg/300px-Jemen1988-022_hg.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="144" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3833" data-file-height="1835"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 300px;height: 144px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Jemen1988-022_hg.jpg/300px-Jemen1988-022_hg.jpg" data-width="300" data-height="144" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Jemen1988-022_hg.jpg/450px-Jemen1988-022_hg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Jemen1988-022_hg.jpg/600px-Jemen1988-022_hg.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> The ruins of <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Marib_Dam&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Marib Dam (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">The Great Dam of Marib</a> </figcaption> </figure> <p>ప్రాంతీయ క్రైస్తవ ప్రభువు ఎసిమిఫైయోస్ ఒక శాసనంలో మారిబ్లో ఉన్న సబయన్ రాజమందిరాన్ని కూలగొట్టి ఆశిథిలాలలో చర్చిని నిర్మించి ఉత్సవం చేసుకున్నట్లు పేర్కొనబడింది. <sup id="cite_ref-Angelika_Neuwirth_p.49_65-0" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Angelika_Neuwirth_p.49-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> తరువాత నజ్రన్లో మాత్రమే మూడు చర్చీలు నిర్మించబడ్డాయి.<sup id="cite_ref-Angelika_Neuwirth_p.49_65-1" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Angelika_Neuwirth_p.49-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ఎసిమిఫైయోస్ అధికారాన్ని పలు గిరిజన తెగలు గుర్తించలేదు.531లో అబ్రహా అనే వీరుడు ఎసిమిఫైయోస్ను పదవి నుండి తొలగించాడు. తరువాత అబ్రహా యెమన్ విడిచిపోవడానికి నిరాకరించి తనకుతానుగా హిమయార్ రాజుగా ప్రకటించుకున్నాడు. <sup id="cite_ref-Scott_Johnson_293_66-0" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Scott_Johnson_293-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> మొదటి జస్టినియన్ చక్రవర్తి యెమన్కు దూతను పంపాడు. ఆయన క్రైస్తవ హిమిరితెలు వారి అరేబియా అంతర్భాగంలో ఉన్న గిరిజనతెగ ప్రజలలో వారికి ఉన్న పలుకుబడిని ఉపయోగించి పర్షియన్ల మీద సైనికచర్య తీసుకోవాలని సూచించాడు. మొదటి జస్టినియన్కు మద్య , ఉత్తర అరేబియాలో ఉన్న కిండాఫ్ , ఘస్సనిదులు షేకుల " డిగ్నిటీ ఆఫ్ కింగ్ " బిరుదు ఇవ్వబడింది.<sup id="cite_ref-Scott_Johnson_293_66-1" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Scott_Johnson_293-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ఆరంభకాల రోమన్ , బైజాంటిన్ విధానం ఎర్రసముద్రతీర రాజులతో సన్నిహిత సంబంధాలు అభివృద్ధి చేసుకున్నారు. వారు అక్సుం సంస్కృతి ప్రభావితులై వారి జీవనవిధానం అలవరచుకున్నారు.<sup id="cite_ref-Scott_Johnson_293_66-2" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Scott_Johnson_293-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> కిండాహ్ (కెండితె) రాకుమారుడు యజిద్ బిన్ కబ్షత్ అబ్రహాకు , అరబ్ క్రైస్తవుల కూటములకు వ్యతిరేకంగా తిరుగుబాటు చేసాడు. <sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> అబ్రహా 555 - 565 మద్యకాలంలో మరణించాడు. ఆయన మరణం గురించిన ఖచ్ఛితమైన వివరణలు లభ్యం కాలేదు.క్రీ.పూ 570 నాటికి ఆడెన్ ప్రాంతాన్ని సస్సనిద్ సామ్రాజ్యం విలీనం చేసుకుంది. వారి పాలనలో గ్రేటర్ యెమన్ స్వయంప్రతిపత్తిని (ఆడెన్ , సనా మినహా) అనుభవించారు. ఈశకంలో పురాతన అరేబియన్ సంస్కృతి పతనం అయింది. అప్పటి నుండి క్రీ.పూ 630 ఇస్లాం ఈప్రాంతంలో ప్రవేశించే వరకు ఈ ప్రాంతంలో పలు వంశాలు స్వతంత్రంగా వ్యవహరించారు. <sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="మద్యయుగం"><span id=".E0.B0.AE.E0.B0.A6.E0.B1.8D.E0.B0.AF.E0.B0.AF.E0.B1.81.E0.B0.97.E0.B0.82"></span>మద్యయుగం</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D&action=edit&section=9&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="విభాగాన్ని మార్చు: మద్యయుగం" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>మార్చు</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="ఇస్లాం_ప్రవేశం_,_మూడు_రాజవంశాలు"><span id=".E0.B0.87.E0.B0.B8.E0.B1.8D.E0.B0.B2.E0.B0.BE.E0.B0.82_.E0.B0.AA.E0.B1.8D.E0.B0.B0.E0.B0.B5.E0.B1.87.E0.B0.B6.E0.B0.82_.2C_.E0.B0.AE.E0.B1.82.E0.B0.A1.E0.B1.81_.E0.B0.B0.E0.B0.BE.E0.B0.9C.E0.B0.B5.E0.B0.82.E0.B0.B6.E0.B0.BE.E0.B0.B2.E0.B1.81"></span>ఇస్లాం ప్రవేశం , మూడు రాజవంశాలు</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D&action=edit&section=10&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="విభాగాన్ని మార్చు: ఇస్లాం ప్రవేశం , మూడు రాజవంశాలు" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>మార్చు</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82:Great_Mosque_of_Sana%27a1.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Great_Mosque_of_Sana%27a1.jpg/220px-Great_Mosque_of_Sana%27a1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Great_Mosque_of_Sana%27a1.jpg/220px-Great_Mosque_of_Sana%27a1.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Great_Mosque_of_Sana%27a1.jpg/330px-Great_Mosque_of_Sana%27a1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Great_Mosque_of_Sana%27a1.jpg/440px-Great_Mosque_of_Sana%27a1.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> The interior of the <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Great_Mosque_of_Sana'a&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Great Mosque of Sana'a (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Great Mosque of Sana'a</a>, the oldest mosque in Yemen </figcaption> </figure> <p>క్రీ.పూ. 630లో ముహమ్మద్ తన కజిన్ సోదరుడు అలిని సనా , పరిసరప్రాంతాలకు పంపాడు. ఆసమయంలో యెమన్ అరేబియా దేశాలలో అధికమైన అభివృద్ధి దశలో ఉంది.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> మొదటిసారిగా " బాను హందాన్ " సమాఖ్య ఇస్లాంను అంగీకరించింది. ముహమ్మద్ " మౌధ్ ఇబ్న్ జబల్ " గిరిజన తెగల నాయకులకు వ్రాసిన లేఖలతో అల్- జనాద్ (ప్రస్తుత తైజ్ )కు పంపాడు. బలమైన కేంద్రీకేత అధికారం లేని యెమన్లో ఉన్న గిరిజనతెగల మద్య విభేదాలు తీసుకురావడానికి ఇలాంటి చర్యలు చేపట్టబడ్డాయి.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ప్రధాన తెగలైన హిమ్యార్ క్రీ.పూ. 630-631 లో మెదీనాకు దూతలను పంపాడు. క్రీ.పూ. 630కు ముందుగా అమ్మర్ ఇబ్న్ యాసిర్, అల్-అలా అల్- హద్రామి, మిక్బాద్ ఇబ్న్ అస్వద్, అబు ముసా అషారి , షర్హబీల్ ఇబ్న్ హస్సానా మొదలైన వారు ఇస్లాంను స్వీకరించారు. అస్వద్ అంసిల్ అభల ఇబ్న్ క ఆబ్ అల్ - అంసి అనే వ్యక్తి మిగిలిన పర్షియన్లను బహిష్కరణకు గురిచేసి తనకుతాను ప్రవక్త రహమాన్గా ప్రకటించుకున్నాడు. తరువాత యెమని పర్షియన్ " ఫేరుజ్ అల్- డేలమీ " అనే పర్షియన్ చేతిలో అస్వద్ అంసిల్ అభల ఇబ్న్ క ఆబ్ అల్ - అంసి హత్యచేయబడ్డాడు. నజ్రన్లో నివసిస్తున్న క్రైస్తవులు యూదులతో కలిసి జిజ్యా చెల్లించడానికి అంగీకరించారు.వహ్బ్ ఇబ్న్ మునాబ్బిహ్ , కాబ్ అల్-అహ్బరు వంటి కొంతమంది యూదులు ఇస్లాం మతానికి మార్పిడి చెందారు. రషిదున్ కాలిఫేట్ కాలంలో యెమన్ స్థిరంగా ఉంది. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%88%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ఈజిప్ట్">ఈజిప్ట్</a>,<a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%87%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ఇరాక్">ఇరాక్</a>,<a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B7%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="పర్షియా">పర్షియా</a>, ది లెవంత్, <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%85%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="అనటోలియా (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">అనటోలియా</a>, ఉత్తర ఆఫ్రికా, సిసిలీ , అండలూసియా దేశాలపై ఇస్లాం సాగించిన దండయాత్రలో యెమన్ ప్రధానపాత్ర వహించింది.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="సిరియా">సిరియాలో</a> స్థిరపడిన యెమనీ గిరిజనులు మొదటి మర్వన్ పాలనలో ఉమయ్యద్ చట్టానికి గణనీయంగా బాసటగా నిలిచారు. శక్తివంతులైన కిండాహ్ లోని యెమన్ గిరిజనులు " మర్జ్ రాహిత్ (684)లో మొదటి మర్విన్కు మద్దతుగా నిలిచారు. <sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ఉమయ్యద్ కాలిఫేట్ యెమని అంతటినీ నియంత్రణలోకి తీసుకురావడంలో విఫలమయ్యాడు.క్రీ.పూ. 745లో హద్రామత్, <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%93%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ఓమన్">ఓమన్</a> ప్రాంతాలలో " ఇబాదితె ఇబాది ఉద్యమం " నాయకత్వం వహించడానికి " ఇమాం అబ్దుల్లా ఇబ్న్ యహ్యా అల్- కిండి " ఎన్నిక చేయబడ్డాడు.ఆయన ఉమయ్యద్ గవర్నరును సనా నుండి బహిష్కరించి క్రీ.పూ. 746లో మక్కా, మదీనాను స్వాధీనం చేసుకున్నాడు.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated237_76-0" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-autogenerated237-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> అల్-కిండి " టలిబ్ అల్- హాక్వి " (యథార్థవాది) అనే అభిమాననామంతో ప్రసిద్ధి చెందాడు. ఆయన ఇస్లాం చరిత్రలో మొదటి " ఇబాది " దేశాన్ని స్థాపించాడు.అయినప్పటికీ క్రీ.పూ. 749లో తైఫ్లో మరణించాడు.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated237_76-1" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-autogenerated237-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> క్రీ.పూ. 818లో " ముహమ్మద్ ఇబ్న్ అబ్దుల్లాహ్ ఇబ్న్ జియాద్ " తిహమా ప్రాంతంలో జియాదిద్ రాజవంశం స్థాపించాడు. వారు అబ్బసిద్ కాలిఫేట్ను గుర్తించినప్పటికీ వారి రాజధాని " జబిద్. " నుండి స్వతంత్ర పాలన చేసారు.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated128_77-0" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-autogenerated128-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> జబిద్ చరిత్ర ప్రద్తుతం స్పష్టంగా లభించ లేదు. వారు హద్రమవ్త్, కొండప్రాంతాల కొరకు ప్రయత్నించలేదు. వారు ఎర్రసముద్ర తీరప్రాంతంలో ఉన్న తిహమా ప్రాంతానికి అతీతంగా నియంత్రణను విస్తరించడంలో విఫలం అయ్యారు. <sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> హిమయరితే వంశాన్ని " యుఫ్రిదులు " అంటారు. వారు సాదా నుండి తైజ్ వరకు కొండప్రాంతాలలో పాలన స్థిరపరుచుకున్నారు. వారు బాగ్ధాదు లోని అబ్బాసిదుల కూటమిని నిరాకరించారు.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated128_77-1" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-autogenerated128-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> జియాదిద్ రాజవంశానికి చెందిన జబిద్ భౌగోళికస్థితి కారణంగా " ఎథియోపియా " (అబిస్సినియా) లతో ప్రత్యేక అనుబంధం అభివృద్ధి చేసుకుంది. దహ్లక్ ద్వీపాల రాజప్రతినిధి బానిసలను, అంబర్, చిరుత చర్మాలను అప్పటి యెమన్ పాలకునికి ఎగుమతి చేసాడు.<sup id="cite_ref-Lunpor_79-0" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Lunpor-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> మొదటి జైదీ ఇమాం " అల్- హది ఇలాల్ - హాక్ యహ్యా " క్రీ.పూ 893 యెమన్ చేరుకున్నారు. 897 లో ఆయన " రస్సిద్స్ " (జైదీ ఇమామతె) స్థాపించాడు. మతగురువు, న్యాయవ్యాధి అయిన ఆయన గిరిజన వివాదాలను పరిష్కరించడానికి సదా నుండి మదీనాకు ఆహ్వానించబడ్డాడు. <sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ఇమాం యహ్యా ప్రాంతీయ గిరిజన ప్రజలను ఆయన బోధనలను అనుసరించమని బోధించాడు.మతవిధానం క్రమంగా కొండప్రాంతాలలో విస్తరించింది. హషిద్, బకిల్ గిరిజనజాతులు (ఇమాతే రెండు రెక్కలు) ఆయన అధికారాన్ని అంగీకరించాయి.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>" అల్-హది ఇలాల్ - హక్ " సాదా, నజ్రన్ ప్రాంతాలలో తన ప్రభావం స్థాపించుకున్నాడు. సా.శ. 901లో సనాను స్వాధీనం చేసుకోవాలన్న ఆయన ప్రయత్నం విఫలం అయింది. సా.శ. 904 లో క్వర్మంటియన్లు సనా మీద దాడిచేసారు. యుఫిరిద్ ఎమీర్ అసద్ ఇబ్న్ ఇబ్రహీం అల్ జవ్ఫ్ చేరాడు. సా.శ. 904-913 మద్య కాలంలో క్వర్మంటియన్లు, యుఫిరిదులు 20 కంటే అధికంగా సనా మీద దాడిచేసి విజయం సాధించారు. <sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> సా.శ. 915లో అసద్ ఇబ్న్ ఇబ్రహీం తిరిగి సనాను స్వాధీనం చేసుకున్నాడు. సనా మూడు రాజవంశాల యుద్ధభూమిగా మారడం యెమన్లో (అలాగే స్వతంత్ర గిరిజన తెగలలో) సంక్షోభం సృష్టించింది. యుఫిరిద్ ఎమీర్ అబ్దుల్లా ఇబ్న్ క్వహ్తాన్ సా.శ. 989 లో జబీద్ మీద దాడిచేసి కాల్చివేసాడు. ఫలితంగా జియాదిద్ రాజవంశం బలహీనపడింది.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> తరివాత క్రీ.పూ. 989 లో జియాదిద్ చక్రవర్తులు పూర్వంలో కంటే శక్తిహీనులయ్యారు. తరువాత జబిద్లో బానిసలు వారి యజమానుల పేరుతో ఆధికారం చేపట్టారు. వైద్యమైన పరిశీలన ఆధారంగా బానిసలు సా.శ.1022 లేక 1050 లో " నజహిద్ రాజవంశ స్థాపనచేసారు.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> వారిని బాగ్దాదు లోని " అబ్బాసిద్ కాలిఫేట్ " ప్రభుత్వం గుర్తించినప్పటికీ వారి పాలన జబిద్ , నాలుగు జిల్లల వరకు పరిమితమైంది.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> యెమని కొండప్రాంతాలలో ఇస్మాయిల్ షియా సులేహిద్ రాజవంశం తలెత్తిన తరువాత యెమనీ చరిత్రలో వరుస కుట్రలు తగ్గుముఖం పట్టాయి.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="సులేహిద్_రాజవంశం_(1047-1138)"><span id=".E0.B0.B8.E0.B1.81.E0.B0.B2.E0.B1.87.E0.B0.B9.E0.B0.BF.E0.B0.A6.E0.B1.8D_.E0.B0.B0.E0.B0.BE.E0.B0.9C.E0.B0.B5.E0.B0.82.E0.B0.B6.E0.B0.82_.281047-1138.29"></span>సులేహిద్ రాజవంశం (1047-1138)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D&action=edit&section=11&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="విభాగాన్ని మార్చు: సులేహిద్ రాజవంశం (1047-1138)" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>మార్చు</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82:Jibla_IMG_5662.JPG?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Jibla_IMG_5662.JPG/300px-Jibla_IMG_5662.JPG" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 300px;height: 225px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Jibla_IMG_5662.JPG/300px-Jibla_IMG_5662.JPG" data-width="300" data-height="225" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Jibla_IMG_5662.JPG/450px-Jibla_IMG_5662.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Jibla_IMG_5662.JPG/600px-Jibla_IMG_5662.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Jibla,_Yemen&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Jibla, Yemen (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Jibla</a> became the capital of the <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Sulayhid_dynasty&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Sulayhid dynasty (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Sulayhid dynasty</a>. </figcaption> </figure> <p>క్రీ.పూ. 1040 లో ఉత్తరదిశలో ఉన్న కొండప్రాంతాలలో " సులేహిద్ రాజవంశం " స్థాపించబడింది. ఆసమయంలో యెమన్ వైవిధ్యమైన ప్రాంతీయ రాజవంశాల పాలనలో ఉంది. సా.శ. 1060లో అలి అల్ సులైహిద్ " జబిద్ ప్రాంతాన్ని స్వాధీనపరచుకుని జబిద్ పాలకుడు అల్- నజాహ్ను (నజహిద్ రాజవంశం స్థాపకుడు) హతమార్చాడు. ఆయన కుమారులు దహ్లక్ ఆర్చిపిలాగోకు పారిపోయారు.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> సా.శ. 1162లో ఆడెన్ స్వాధీనపరచుకున్న తరువాత హద్రమవ్త్ కూడా సులేహిద్ వశం అయింది. <sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> సా.శ. 1063 నాటికి అలీ గ్రేటర్ యెమన్ రూపొందించాడు.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> తరువాత అలీ హెజాజ్ వైపుసైన్యాలను తరలించి మక్కాను స్వాధీనం చేసుకున్నాడు. <sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> అలీ " అస్మా బింట్ షిహాబ్ "ను వివాహం చేసుకున్నాడు. ఆమె తన భర్తతో కలిసి యెమన్ పాలనాబాధ్యత వహించింది. <sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated14_90-0" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-autogenerated14-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ఇస్లాం స్థాపించబడిన తరువాత ఇటువంటి గౌరవం మరే మహిళకు ఇవ్వబడలేదు.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated14_90-1" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-autogenerated14-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> సా.శ. 1084లో నజాహ్ కుమారులు " అలి అల్ - సులేహి "ని (ఆయన మక్కకు పోతున్న సమయంలో మార్గమద్యంలో) హత్యచేసారు. ఆయన కుమారుడు అహ్మద్ అల్- ముకర్రం సైన్యాలను జబిద్కు నడిపించి 8,000 మంది పురవాసులను చంపారు.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> తరువాత అలీ ఆడెన్ నిర్వహణ కొరకు జురాయిడ్స్ను నియమించాడు.యుద్ధంలో ఏర్పడిన గాయాల కారణంగా అలీ ముఖం పక్షవాతానికి గురై 1087లో పదవీబాధ్యత నుండి విరమించి భార్యకు అధికార బాధ్యత అప్పగించాడు.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> రాణి ఆర్వా " సులేహిద్ రాజవంశం " స్థానాన్ని సనా నుండి మద్య యెమని నుండి ఇబ్బ్ సమీపంలోని జిబ్లా (యెమని) అనే చిన్నపట్టణానికి మార్చింది.సులేహిద్ రాజవంశానికి జిబ్లా, కొండప్రాంతంలోని వ్యవసాయభూములు సమీపంలో ఉండడం అక్కడ రాజకుటుంబం సంపద కేంద్రీకృతం కావడానికి కారణం అయింది. దక్షిణప్రాంతానికి (ప్రత్యేకంగా ఆడెన్ చేరుకోవడానికి) చేరుకోవడానికి ఇది సులువైన మార్గంగా ఉండేది. ఆమె భారతదేశానికి ఇస్మాయిల్ మిషనరీలను పంపింది. భరతదేశంలో రూపొందిన ఇస్మాయిల్ సమూహం ప్రస్తుతం వరకు ఉనికిలో ఉంది.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated51_93-0" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-autogenerated51-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> రాణి అర్వా మరణించే వరకు (సా.శ.1138) సురక్షితంగా రాజ్యపాలన చేసింది.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated51_93-1" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-autogenerated51-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82:Queen_Arwa_al-_Sulaihi_Palace_1.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Queen_Arwa_al-_Sulaihi_Palace_1.jpg/300px-Queen_Arwa_al-_Sulaihi_Palace_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 300px;height: 225px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Queen_Arwa_al-_Sulaihi_Palace_1.jpg/300px-Queen_Arwa_al-_Sulaihi_Palace_1.jpg" data-width="300" data-height="225" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Queen_Arwa_al-_Sulaihi_Palace_1.jpg/450px-Queen_Arwa_al-_Sulaihi_Palace_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Queen_Arwa_al-_Sulaihi_Palace_1.jpg/600px-Queen_Arwa_al-_Sulaihi_Palace_1.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Queen Arwa al-Sulaihi Palace </figcaption> </figure> <p>" అర్వా అల్- సులేహి " గొప్పమహిళగా, మంచి పాలకురాలిగా యెమనీచరిత్ర, సాహిత్యం , విశ్వసాలలో నిలిచింది. ప్రజలు ఆమెను " బాల్క్విస్ అల్- సుఘ్రా, " ది జూనియర్ క్వీన్ ఆఫ్ షెబా "గా గుర్తించి గౌరవించబడింది.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> సులేహిదులు ఇస్మాయిల్ సంప్రదాయాన్ని అనుసరించినప్పటికీ వారు వారి నమ్మకాలను ప్రజలమీద బలవంతంగా రుద్దడానికి ప్రయత్నించలేదు. <sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> రాణి అర్వా మరణించిన స్వల్పకాలం తరువాత దేశం మతపరంగా ఐదుభాగాలుగా విడిపోయింది.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%88%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ఈజిప్ట్">ఈజిప్ట్లో</a> ఫతిమిద్ కాలిఫేట్ను అయ్యుబిద్ రాజవంశం పడగొట్టింది. వారు అధికారం చేపట్టిన కొన్ని సంవత్సరాల తరువాత క్రీ.పూ. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1174&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1174 (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">1174లో</a> యెమన్ మీద దాడిచేయడానికి తన సోదరుడు " తరుణ్ షాహ్ "ను పంపాడు.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="అయ్యుబిద్_విజయం_(1171–1260)"><span id=".E0.B0.85.E0.B0.AF.E0.B1.8D.E0.B0.AF.E0.B1.81.E0.B0.AC.E0.B0.BF.E0.B0.A6.E0.B1.8D_.E0.B0.B5.E0.B0.BF.E0.B0.9C.E0.B0.AF.E0.B0.82_.281171.E2.80.931260.29"></span>అయ్యుబిద్ విజయం (1171–1260)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D&action=edit&section=12&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="విభాగాన్ని మార్చు: అయ్యుబిద్ విజయం (1171–1260)" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>మార్చు</span> </a> </span> </div> <p><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1174&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1174 (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">1174</a> మే మాసంలో " తరుణ్ షాహ్ " మహ్దిద్స్ను ఓడించి జబిద్ను స్వాధీనం చేసుకుని జూన్ మాసంలో ఆడెన్ వైపు సైన్యాలను నడిపించి జురాయిదుల నుండి దానిని స్వాధీనం చేసుకున్నాడు.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1175&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1175 (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">1175లో</a> సనాను పాలించిన హందనిద్ సుల్తానులు అయ్యుబిదులను అడ్డగించారు.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> దక్షిణ , మద్య యెమన్ ప్రాంతంలో అయ్యుబిదుల పాలన స్థిరపడింది. వారు ఈప్రాంతంలో ఉన్న చిన్నరాజ్యాలను తొలగించి పాలనకొనసాగించడంలో సఫలం అయ్యారు. ఇస్మాయిల్ , జైది గిరిజనప్రజలు పలు కోటలను దక్కించుకుంటూ కొనసాగారు.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ఉత్తర యెమన్లో శక్తివంతులుగా ఉన్న జేదీలను జయించడంలో అయ్యుబిదులు సఫలం కాలేదు.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1191&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1191 (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">1191లో</a> జేదీస్ షీబం కాకాబన్ (షిబాం కాకాబన్) తిరుగుబాటు చేసి 700 అయ్యుబిద్ సైనికులను చంపాడు.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1197&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1197 (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">1197లో</a> ఇమాం " అల్-మంసూర్ అబ్దల్లాహ్ " ఇమామతె ప్రకటించి అయ్యుబిద్ సుల్తాన్ (యెమన్) " అల్- ముయిజ్ ఇమాయిల్ "తో యుద్ధం చేసాడు. ముందుగా యుద్ధంలో ఇమాం అబ్దుల్లా ఓడిపోయాడు. అయినా ఇమాం అబ్దుల్లా <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1198&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1198 (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">1198లో</a> సనా , ధామర్ (యెమన్)లను జయించాడు.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1202&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1202 (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">1202లో</a> అల్-ముయిజ్ ఇస్మాయిల్ హత్యచేయబడ్డాడు.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>" అల్- మంసూర్ అబ్దుల్లా బిన్ హంజా " తాను మరణించే (1217) వరకు అయ్యిబిద్కు వ్యతిరేకంగా పోరాటం సాగించాడు. ఆయన పోరాటం తరువాత జైదీ కమ్యూనిటీ ఇరువురు శతృత్వ ఇమాముల మద్య విభజించబడ్డారు. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1219&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1219 (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">1219లో</a> జెదీలు మరియి అయ్యిబిదుల మద్య సంధి ఒప్పందం మీద సంతకాలు చేయబడ్డాయి.<sup id="cite_ref-Mohammed_Abdo_Al-Sururi_1987_407_105-0" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Mohammed_Abdo_Al-Sururi_1987_407-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1226&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1226 (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">1226లో</a> ధామర్ వద్ద అయ్యుబిదులు ఓటమి పొందారు. <sup id="cite_ref-Mohammed_Abdo_Al-Sururi_1987_407_105-1" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Mohammed_Abdo_Al-Sururi_1987_407-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> అయ్యుబిద్ సుల్తాన్ మసూద్ యూసఫ్ <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1228&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1228 (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">1228లో</a> మక్కాకు వెళ్ళి అక్కడే ఉండిపోయాడు. <sup id="cite_ref-Alexander_D._Knysh_1999_230_106-0" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Alexander_D._Knysh_1999_230-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ఇతర వనరుల ఆధారంగా ఆయన బలవంతంగా <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%88%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ఈజిప్ట్">ఈజిప్ట్కు</a> పంపబడ్డాడు అని భావిస్తున్నారు.<sup id="cite_ref-Abdul_Ali_1996_84_107-0" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Abdul_Ali_1996_84-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="రసులిద్_రాజవంశం_(1229-1454)"><span id=".E0.B0.B0.E0.B0.B8.E0.B1.81.E0.B0.B2.E0.B0.BF.E0.B0.A6.E0.B1.8D_.E0.B0.B0.E0.B0.BE.E0.B0.9C.E0.B0.B5.E0.B0.82.E0.B0.B6.E0.B0.82_.281229-1454.29"></span>రసులిద్ రాజవంశం (1229-1454)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D&action=edit&section=13&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="విభాగాన్ని మార్చు: రసులిద్ రాజవంశం (1229-1454)" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>మార్చు</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82:Cairo_Castle_GardenTaiz,Yemen.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Cairo_Castle_GardenTaiz%2CYemen.jpg/300px-Cairo_Castle_GardenTaiz%2CYemen.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="261" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="609"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 300px;height: 261px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Cairo_Castle_GardenTaiz%2CYemen.jpg/300px-Cairo_Castle_GardenTaiz%2CYemen.jpg" data-width="300" data-height="261" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Cairo_Castle_GardenTaiz%2CYemen.jpg/450px-Cairo_Castle_GardenTaiz%2CYemen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Cairo_Castle_GardenTaiz%2CYemen.jpg/600px-Cairo_Castle_GardenTaiz%2CYemen.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Al-Qahyra (Cairo) Castle's Garden in Taiz, the capital of Yemen during the <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Rasulid_dynasty&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Rasulid dynasty (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Rasulid's era</a> </figcaption> </figure> <p><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1229&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1229 (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">1229లో</a> చివరి అయ్యూబిద్ రాజు యెమన్ వదిలి వెళ్ళిన తరువాత <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1223&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1223 (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">1223లో</a> అయ్యుబిద్ చేత డెఫ్యూటీ గవర్నరుగా నియమించబడిన " ఉమర్ ఇబ్న్ రసూల్ " రసులిద్ రాజవంశం స్థాపించాడు. రసూలిద్ తనకుతానుగా స్వతంత్ర రాజుగా ప్రకటించుజుని " అల్- మాలిక్- అల్- మంసూర్ " బిరుదును ప్రకటించుకున్నాడు.<sup id="cite_ref-Abdul_Ali_1996_84_107-1" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Abdul_Ali_1996_84-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ఉమర్ రసూలిద్ రాజవంశం స్థాపించి రాజ్యాన్ని ధోఫార్ నుండి మక్కా వరకు విస్తరించాడు.<sup id="cite_ref-Abdul_Ali_1996_854_108-0" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Abdul_Ali_1996_854-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ఉమర్ ముందుగా జబిద్ రాజ్యం స్థాపించి తరువాత పర్వతలోతట్టు ప్రాంతాల వరకు విస్తరించాడు. రసూలిద్ జబిద్ , తైజ్లను రాజధానులుగా చేసుకుని పాలించాడు. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1249&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1249 (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">1249లో</a> రసూలిద్ హత్యచేయబడ్డాడు.<sup id="cite_ref-Alexander_D._Knysh_1999_230_106-1" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Alexander_D._Knysh_1999_230-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ఉమర్ కుమారుడు యూసెఫ్ తన తండ్రిని హత్య చేసిన తిరుగుబాటుదారులను అణిచివేసాడు. శతృవులను విజయమంతంగా అణిచివేసి " అల్- ముజాఫర్ " (విజేత) బిరుదును పొందాడు.<sup id="cite_ref-Abdul_Ali_1996_86_109-0" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Abdul_Ali_1996_86-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1258&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1258 (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">1258లో</a> మంగోలులు బాగ్దాదును స్వాధీనం చేసుకున్న తరువాత " అల్- ముజాఫర్ యూసఫ్ "కు కలీఫ్ బిరుదు ఇవ్వబడింది.<sup id="cite_ref-Abdul_Ali_1996_86_109-1" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Abdul_Ali_1996_86-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ఆడెన్కు సమీపంలో ఉండడం , వ్యూహాత్మకమైన ఉపస్థితి కారణంగా అల్- ముజాఫర్ తైజ్ నగరాన్ని రాజధానిగా చేసుకున్నాడు.<sup id="cite_ref-Josef_W._Meri,_Jere_L._Bacharach_2006_669_110-0" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Josef_W._Meri,_Jere_L._Bacharach_2006_669-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> మొదటి అల్- ముజఫర్ యూసఫ్ 47 సంవత్సరాల పాలన తరువాత <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1296&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1296 (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">1296లో</a> మరణించాడు.<sup id="cite_ref-Abdul_Ali_1996_86_109-2" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Abdul_Ali_1996_86-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"> <h5 id="రసూలిద్_అభివృద్ధి_పనులు"><span id=".E0.B0.B0.E0.B0.B8.E0.B1.82.E0.B0.B2.E0.B0.BF.E0.B0.A6.E0.B1.8D_.E0.B0.85.E0.B0.AD.E0.B0.BF.E0.B0.B5.E0.B1.83.E0.B0.A6.E0.B1.8D.E0.B0.A7.E0.B0.BF_.E0.B0.AA.E0.B0.A8.E0.B1.81.E0.B0.B2.E0.B1.81"></span>రసూలిద్ అభివృద్ధి పనులు</h5><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D&action=edit&section=14&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="విభాగాన్ని మార్చు: రసూలిద్ అభివృద్ధి పనులు" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>మార్చు</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82:Slaves_Zadib_Yemen_13th_century_BNF_Paris.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Slaves_Zadib_Yemen_13th_century_BNF_Paris.jpg/300px-Slaves_Zadib_Yemen_13th_century_BNF_Paris.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="329" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="829" data-file-height="910"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 300px;height: 329px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Slaves_Zadib_Yemen_13th_century_BNF_Paris.jpg/300px-Slaves_Zadib_Yemen_13th_century_BNF_Paris.jpg" data-width="300" data-height="329" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Slaves_Zadib_Yemen_13th_century_BNF_Paris.jpg/450px-Slaves_Zadib_Yemen_13th_century_BNF_Paris.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Slaves_Zadib_Yemen_13th_century_BNF_Paris.jpg/600px-Slaves_Zadib_Yemen_13th_century_BNF_Paris.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> A 13th-century slave market in Yemen </figcaption> </figure> <p>రసూలిద్ దేశం యెమన్ వాణిజ్య సంబంధాలను భారతదేశం , సుదీర్ఘ తూర్పుదేశాల వరకు విస్తరించారు.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> వారు ఎర్రసముద్రంలో ఆడెన్ , జబిద్ల మీదుగా నౌకామార్గ వాణిజ్యరవాణా ద్వారా ప్రయోజనం పొందారు.<sup id="cite_ref-Alexander_D._Knysh_1999_230_106-2" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Alexander_D._Knysh_1999_230-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> రాజులు ప్రారంభించిన వ్యవసాయ అభివృద్ధి కార్యక్రమాల ద్వారా ఆర్థికరగం శరవేగంగా బలపడింది.<sup id="cite_ref-Alexander_D._Knysh_1999_230_106-3" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Alexander_D._Knysh_1999_230-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> రసూలిద్ రాజులను తైమా , దక్షిణ యెమన్ మద్దతుతో ఉత్తర యెమన్లోని గిరిజన ప్రజల విశ్వాసం పొందడానికి ప్రయత్నించారు.<sup id="cite_ref-Alexander_D._Knysh_1999_230_106-4" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Alexander_D._Knysh_1999_230-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> రసూలిద్ సుల్తానులు అనేక " మద్రసాలు " నిర్మించారు.<sup id="cite_ref-David_J_Wasserstein,_Ami_Ayalon_2013_201_112-0" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-David_J_Wasserstein,_Ami_Ayalon_2013_201-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> వారి పాలనలో తైజ్ , జబిద్ ఇస్లామిక్ పాఠశాలలకు అంతర్జాతీయ కేంద్రాలుగా మారాయి.<sup id="cite_ref-Alexander_D._Knysh_1999_231_113-0" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Alexander_D._Knysh_1999_231-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> రాజులు స్వయంగా పాఠశాలలలో శిక్షణ పొందారు. రాజులు గ్రంథాలయం ఏర్పాటుచేసుకుని అలాగే జ్యోతిషం, వైద్యం , జెనియాలజీ గురించిన పుస్తకాల రచనావ్యాసంగం కూడా చేసారు.<sup id="cite_ref-Josef_W._Meri,_Jere_L._Bacharach_2006_669_110-1" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Josef_W._Meri,_Jere_L._Bacharach_2006_669-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ఇస్లాం కాలానికి ముందు కాలానికి చెందిన హిమయరితె రాజ్యం పతనం చెందిన తరువాత సామ్రాజ్యం గ్రేట్ నేటివ్ యెమని స్టేట్గా గౌరవించబడింది.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"> <h5 id="రసూలిద్_పూర్వీకం"><span id=".E0.B0.B0.E0.B0.B8.E0.B1.82.E0.B0.B2.E0.B0.BF.E0.B0.A6.E0.B1.8D_.E0.B0.AA.E0.B1.82.E0.B0.B0.E0.B1.8D.E0.B0.B5.E0.B1.80.E0.B0.95.E0.B0.82"></span>రసూలిద్ పూర్వీకం</h5><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D&action=edit&section=15&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="విభాగాన్ని మార్చు: రసూలిద్ పూర్వీకం" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>మార్చు</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>రసూలిద్ వంశస్థుల పూర్వీకం టర్కీ.<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> అయినప్పటికీ వారు తమ పరిపాలనను న్యాయపరచుకోవడానికి యెమనీ స్థానికులుగా నిరూపించుకోవడానికి ప్రయత్నించారు. రాజకీయ ప్రయోజనాల కొరకు ఇలా భ్రమకులోను చేయడానికి ప్రయత్నించిన రాజవశాలలో రసూలిద్ రాజవంశం మొదటిది కాదు. <sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1993_116-0" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-autogenerated1993-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> రసూలిదులు తాము యెమనీ గిరిజనులకు చెందిన వారమని స్థిరంగా నిరూపించడం ద్వారా వారు యెమన్ ప్రాంతాన్ని సమైక్యపరిచారు. <sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1993_116-1" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-autogenerated1993-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> వారికి ఈజిప్ట్కు చెందిన మమ్లక్ వంశానికి మద్య సంబంధాలలో చిక్కులు ఏర్పడ్డాయి. <sup id="cite_ref-Josef_W._Meri,_Jere_L._Bacharach_2006_669_110-2" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Josef_W._Meri,_Jere_L._Bacharach_2006_669-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> వారు హెజాజ్ , మక్కాలలో తమ హక్కుల విషయంలో రసూలిదులతో పోటీపడ్డారు.<sup id="cite_ref-Josef_W._Meri,_Jere_L._Bacharach_2006_669_110-3" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Josef_W._Meri,_Jere_L._Bacharach_2006_669-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> రసూలిద్ రాజవంశంలో మొదలైన వారసత్వ కలహాల కారణంగా అసంతృప్తికి గురైన రాజకుటుంబసభ్యులు , వరుసగా తలెత్తిన గిరిజనుల తిరుగుబాటు రసూలిద్ వమ్శాన్ని బలహీనపరచింది.<sup id="cite_ref-Alexander_D._Knysh_1999_231_113-1" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Alexander_D._Knysh_1999_231-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> చివరి 12 సంవత్సరాల రసూలిద్ పాలనలో దేశం పలు రాజ్యాలుగా విడిపోయింది. బలహీన పడిన రసూలిద్ రాజవంశం తహిరిద్ (యెమన్) (బాను తాహర్) వంశానికి అవకాశం ఇచ్చారు.క్రీ.పూ. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1454&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1454 (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">1454లో</a> తహిరిదీలు యెమన్ పాలనను చేపట్టి తహిరిద్ వంశపాలన చేసారు.<sup id="cite_ref-David_J_Wasserstein,_Ami_Ayalon_2013_201_112-1" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-David_J_Wasserstein,_Ami_Ayalon_2013_201-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="తహిరైడ్_రాజవంశం_(1454-1517)"><span id=".E0.B0.A4.E0.B0.B9.E0.B0.BF.E0.B0.B0.E0.B1.88.E0.B0.A1.E0.B1.8D_.E0.B0.B0.E0.B0.BE.E0.B0.9C.E0.B0.B5.E0.B0.82.E0.B0.B6.E0.B0.82_.281454-1517.29"></span>తహిరైడ్ రాజవంశం (1454-1517)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D&action=edit&section=16&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="విభాగాన్ని మార్చు: తహిరైడ్ రాజవంశం (1454-1517)" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>మార్చు</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>తహిరిదీలు రడా ప్రాంతానికి చెందిన స్థానిక సంతతికి చెందిన వారు. వారు వారి పూర్వులాగా ప్రభావితం చేయనప్పటికీ వారు నిర్మాణకళలో నిపుణులు. వారు పాఠశాలలు, మసీదులు, పంటకాలువలు , వంతెనలు (జబీద్, ఆడెన్, రాడా , జుబాన్) నిర్మించారు. వారు నిర్మించిన వాటిలో <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1504&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1504 (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">1504లో</a> రాడా జిల్లాలో నిర్మించిన " అమితియా మద్రాసా అత్యధికంగా గుర్తింపును పొందింది. జియాది ఇమాంలను సంరక్షించుకోవడానికి కాని విదేశీ దాడి నుండి తప్పించుకోవడానికి కాని తగినంత శక్తి తహిరిదీలకు లేదు.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"> <h5 id="మమ్లకుల_దాడి"><span id=".E0.B0.AE.E0.B0.AE.E0.B1.8D.E0.B0.B2.E0.B0.95.E0.B1.81.E0.B0.B2_.E0.B0.A6.E0.B0.BE.E0.B0.A1.E0.B0.BF"></span>మమ్లకుల దాడి</h5><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D&action=edit&section=17&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="విభాగాన్ని మార్చు: మమ్లకుల దాడి" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>మార్చు</span> </a> </span> </div> <p><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1530&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1530 (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">1530లో</a> మమ్లక్ (ఈజిప్ట్) " అఫొంసో డీ అల్బుక్యూక్యూ " యెమన్ నుండి ఈజిప్ట్, పోర్చుగీసు మీద దాడి చేయడానికి ప్రయత్నించి " సొకొత్రా "ను ఆక్రమించుకుని ఆడేన్ మీద చేసిన దాడి విఫలం అయ్యారు.<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> పోర్చుగీసు వారు హిందూమహాసముద్రం వ్యాపారంలో బెదిరింపులు ఆరంభించారు. మమ్లకులు (ఈజిప్ట్) " అమీర్ హుస్సేన్ అల్- కుర్దీ " నాయకత్వంలో సైన్యాలను చొరబాటుదార్లతో యుద్ధం చేయడానికి పంపారు.<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> పోర్చుగీసులకు వ్యతిరేకంగా యుద్ధంచేయడానికి (జీహాద్) అవసరమైన ధనంసేకరించడానికి మమ్లక్ సుల్తాన్ నౌకామార్గంలో " జబీద్ " చేరుకుని తహిరిదే సుల్తాన్ " అమీర్ బిన్ అబ్దుల్వహాద్ "ను కలుసుకున్నాడు. యెమన్ సముద్రతీరంలో మకాం వేసిన మమ్లక్ సైన్యం ఆహారం , ఇతర అవసరాల కొరకు తిహామా గ్రామస్థులను ఆందోళనకు గురిచేసారు.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated59_119-0" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-autogenerated59-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> తహిరిదే ప్రాతీయుల సంపదగురించిన వివరాలు గ్రహించిన మమ్లకులు తహిరిదే ప్రాంతం మీద దాడిచేసారు.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated59_119-1" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-autogenerated59-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1517&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1517 (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">1517లో</a> మమ్లక్ సైన్యం జేదీ ఇమాం " అల్- ముతవాక్కీ యాహ్యా షరాఫ్ అడ్ - దిన్ " సైన్యం మద్దతుతో తహిరిదే ప్రాంతం అంతటినీ స్వాధీనం చేసుకున్నప్పటికీ ఆడెన్ను స్వాధీనం చేసుకోవడంలో విఫలం అయింది. మమ్లక్ విజయం స్వల్పకాలంతో ముగింపుకు వచ్చింది. ఓట్టమన్ సామ్రాజ్యం <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%88%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ఈజిప్ట్">ఈజిప్ట్</a> మీద దాడిచేసి కైరోలో చివరి మమ్లక్ సుల్తాన్ను ఉరితీసింది.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated59_119-2" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-autogenerated59-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ఓట్టమన్ <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1548&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1548 (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">1548</a> వరకు యెమన్ మీద దాడి చేయాలని నిర్ణయించుకోలేదు. ఓట్టమన్ సాంరాజ్యానికి ఎదురునిలిచి తీవ్రంగా ప్రతిఘటించిన జియాదీ కొండప్రాంతంలోని గిరిజనప్రజలు ప్రాబల్యత సంతరించుకున్నారు.<sup id="cite_ref-Abdul_Ali_1996_94_120-0" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Abdul_Ali_1996_94-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="ఆధునిక_చరిత్ర"><span id=".E0.B0.86.E0.B0.A7.E0.B1.81.E0.B0.A8.E0.B0.BF.E0.B0.95_.E0.B0.9A.E0.B0.B0.E0.B0.BF.E0.B0.A4.E0.B1.8D.E0.B0.B0"></span>ఆధునిక చరిత్ర</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D&action=edit&section=18&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="విభాగాన్ని మార్చు: ఆధునిక చరిత్ర" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>మార్చు</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="జెదీలు_,_ఓట్టమన్లు"><span id=".E0.B0.9C.E0.B1.86.E0.B0.A6.E0.B1.80.E0.B0.B2.E0.B1.81_.2C_.E0.B0.93.E0.B0.9F.E0.B1.8D.E0.B0.9F.E0.B0.AE.E0.B0.A8.E0.B1.8D.E0.B0.B2.E0.B1.81"></span>జెదీలు , ఓట్టమన్లు</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D&action=edit&section=19&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="విభాగాన్ని మార్చు: జెదీలు , ఓట్టమన్లు" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>మార్చు</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82:Jemen1988-153_hg.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Jemen1988-153_hg.jpg/220px-Jemen1988-153_hg.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4061" data-file-height="2562"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 139px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Jemen1988-153_hg.jpg/220px-Jemen1988-153_hg.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="139" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Jemen1988-153_hg.jpg/330px-Jemen1988-153_hg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Jemen1988-153_hg.jpg/440px-Jemen1988-153_hg.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Al-Bakiriyya_Mosque&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Al-Bakiriyya Mosque (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Al Bakiriyya Ottoman Mosque</a> in <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Sana'a&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Sana'a (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Sana'a</a>, was built in 1597 </figcaption> </figure> <p>ఓట్టమన్ల నుండి యెమన్లను రక్షించడానికి రెండు కారణాలు ఉన్నాయి. ఇస్లామిక్ పవిత్రనగారాలు మక్కా, మసీదు నగరాలు , వస్త్రాలు , సుగంధద్రవ్యాలు భారతదేశ వాణిజ్యమార్గంలో యెమన్ భాగస్వామ్యం వహించడం అందుకు ప్రధాన కారణాలు. 16వ శతాబ్దంలో పోర్చుగీసులు హిందూమహాసముద్రం , ఎర్రసముద్రంలో చొరబడడం ఈ రెండింటికి బెదిరింపుగా మారింది.<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> " హదీం సులేమాన్ పాషా " ఓట్టమన్కి చెందిన <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%88%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ఈజిప్ట్">ఈజిప్ట్</a> గవర్నర్ యెమన్ను జయించడానికి 90 నావలను పంపమని ఆదేశం జారీచేసాడు. దేశంలో హదీం సులేమాన్ పాషా పట్ల అసమ్మతి , రాజకీయ అస్థిరత చోటుచేసుకుని ఉంది.<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> సనాతో చేర్చిన ఉత్తర యెమన్ లోని కొండప్రాంతం " ఇమాం అల్- ముతవక్కి యహ్యా అద్- దిన్ " పాలనలోకి మారింది. మరొకవైపు ఆడెన్ ప్రాంతం చివరి తహిర్దె సుల్తాన్ " అమీర్ ఇబ్న్ దావూద్ " పాలనలో ఉంది. హదీం సులేమాన్ పాషా <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1538&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1538 (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">1538లో</a> ఆడెన్ మీద దాడి చేసి దాని పాలకుని చంపి <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1539&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1539 (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">1539</a> నాటికి జబీదు వరకు ఓట్టమన్ సాంరాజ్యవిస్తరణ చేసాడు.<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> జబీద్ యెమన్ ఇయాలెట్ పాలనా నిర్వహణాకేంద్రంగా మారింది.<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ఓట్టమన్ సాంరాజ్య ఆధిక్యత కొండప్రాంతం వరకు విస్తరించలేదు. ఓట్టమన్ సంరాజ్య ఆధిక్యత ప్రత్యేకంగా జబిదు, మోచా (యెమన్) , ఆడెన్లలో కొనసాగింది. <sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1539&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1539 (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">1539</a> , <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1547&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1547 (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">1547లో</a> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%88%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ఈజిప్ట్">ఈజిప్ట్</a> యెమన్కు పంపబడిన 80,000 మంది సైనికులలో 7,000 మంది మాత్రమే బ్రతికరు.<sup id="cite_ref-Robert_W._Stookey_1978_134_127-0" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Robert_W._Stookey_1978_134-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Robert_W._Stookey_1978_134_127-1" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Robert_W._Stookey_1978_134-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> కొండ ప్రాంతంలో ఇమాం " అల్- ముతవక్కిల్ యహ్యా షరాఫ్ అద్- దిన్ " స్వతంత్రంగా పాలనజరుపుతున్న సమయంలో <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1547&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1547 (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">1547లో</a> జబీదు మీద ఓట్టమన్ మరొక సైకదళాన్ని దాడికొరకు పంపింది. అల్- ముతవక్కిల్ యహ్యా షరాఫ్ అద్- దిన్ తన కుమారుడైన అలీని వారసునిగా ఎంచుకున్నాడు. ఇందుకు ఆయన మరొక కుమారుడు " అల్- ముతహ్హర్ " ఆగ్రహించాడు.<sup id="cite_ref-Muḥammad_ibn_Aḥmad_Nahrawālī_2002_95_128-0" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Mu%E1%B8%A5ammad_ibn_A%E1%B8%A5mad_Nahraw%C4%81l%C4%AB_2002_95-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> అల్- ముతహర్ ఇమామతె కొరకు అర్హత పొందలేదు.<sup id="cite_ref-Muḥammad_ibn_Aḥmad_Nahrawālī_2002_95_128-1" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Mu%E1%B8%A5ammad_ibn_A%E1%B8%A5mad_Nahraw%C4%81l%C4%AB_2002_95-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ఆయన జబీదులోని ఓట్టమన్ గవర్నర్ " ఒయాస్ పాషా " ఆశ్రయించి తన తండ్రి మీద దాడిచేయమని వత్తిడి చేసాడు.<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1547&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1547 (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">1547లో</a> ఆగస్టు మాసంలో " ఇమాం అల్- ముతహర్ " విశ్వాసపాత్రులైన గిరిజనప్రజల మద్దతుతో ఓట్టమన్ సైనిక దళాలు తైజును ఆక్రమించుకుని సనా వైపు తరలి వెళ్ళారు.టర్కీలు " ఇమాం అల్- ముతహర్ "ను అమరన్ అధికారిని చేసారు. ఇమాం అల్- ముతహర్ ఓట్టమన్ గవర్నర్ను హత్యచేసి సనాను తిరిగి స్వాధీనం చేసుకున్నాడు. ఓట్టమన్లు " ఒజెద్మీర్ పాషా " నాయకత్వంలో తులాలో ఉన్న అల్- ముతహర్ మీద దాడిచేసారు. ఒజ్దెమిర్ పాషా 1552-1560 వరకు యెమన్ మీద ఓట్టమన్ ఆధిక్యత కొనసాగడానికి మార్గం సుగమం చేసాడు.<sup id="cite_ref-Halil_İnalcık,_Donald_Quataert_19894_333_130-0" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Halil_%C4%B0nalc%C4%B1k,_Donald_Quataert_19894_333-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="అహ్మద్_పాషా"><span id=".E0.B0.85.E0.B0.B9.E0.B1.8D.E0.B0.AE.E0.B0.A6.E0.B1.8D_.E0.B0.AA.E0.B0.BE.E0.B0.B7.E0.B0.BE"></span>అహ్మద్ పాషా</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D&action=edit&section=20&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="విభాగాన్ని మార్చు: అహ్మద్ పాషా" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>మార్చు</span> </a> </span> </div> <p><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1561&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1561 (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">1561లో</a> ఒజెదిమిర్ మరణించిన తరువాత మహమ్మద్ పాషా అధికారం చేపట్టాడు.ఓట్టమన్ అధికారులు " మహమ్మద్ పాషా "ను అవినీతిపరుడు , మనసాక్షి రహిత అసమర్ధునిగా అభివర్ణించారు.ఆయన తన అధికారాన్ని పలు కోటలను స్వాధీనం చేసుకొనడానికి దుర్వినియోగం చేసాడు. వాటిలో కొన్ని మునుపటి రసూలిద్ రాజులకు స్వంతం అయినవి.<sup id="cite_ref-Muḥammad_ibn_Aḥmad_Nahrawālī_2002_95_128-2" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Mu%E1%B8%A5ammad_ibn_A%E1%B8%A5mad_Nahraw%C4%81l%C4%AB_2002_95-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> మహ్మద్ పాషా సున్నీ పండితుని హత్య చేసాడు. <sup id="cite_ref-Muḥammad_ibn_Aḥmad_Nahrawālī_2002_132_131-0" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Mu%E1%B8%A5ammad_ibn_A%E1%B8%A5mad_Nahraw%C4%81l%C4%AB_2002_132-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ఈ సంఘటనను కొండప్రాంతంలో ఉన్న జేదీ షియా సమూహం కొనియాడిందని ఓట్టమన్ చరిత్రకారుడు అభివర్ణన చేసాడు.<sup id="cite_ref-Muḥammad_ibn_Aḥmad_Nahrawālī_2002_132_131-1" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Mu%E1%B8%A5ammad_ibn_A%E1%B8%A5mad_Nahraw%C4%81l%C4%AB_2002_132-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> యెమన్ ప్రాంతంలో అధికారసమతూకాన్ని విచ్ఛిన్నం చేస్తూ ఆయన విభిన్న సమూహాలకు చెందిన ప్రజలను యెమన్లోకి చేర్చాడు. ఇది యెమన్లో టర్కీలకు వ్యతిరేకత అధికరించడానికి దారితీసింది.<sup id="cite_ref-Halil_İnalcık,_Donald_Quataert_19894_333_130-1" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Halil_%C4%B0nalc%C4%B1k,_Donald_Quataert_19894_333-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1564?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1564">1564లో</a> మహ్మద్ పాషాను తొలగించి ఆస్థానంలో రిద్వన్ పాషాను నియమించారు. యెమన్ రెండు భాగాలుగా విభజించబడింది. కొండప్రాంతం రిద్వన్ పాషా ఆధీనంలో ఉండగా తిహ్మా ప్రాంతం మురద్ పాషా అధీనంలోకి మారింది.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="ఇమాం_అల్-_ముతహర్"><span id=".E0.B0.87.E0.B0.AE.E0.B0.BE.E0.B0.82_.E0.B0.85.E0.B0.B2.E0.B1.8D-_.E0.B0.AE.E0.B1.81.E0.B0.A4.E0.B0.B9.E0.B0.B0.E0.B1.8D"></span>ఇమాం అల్- ముతహర్</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D&action=edit&section=21&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="విభాగాన్ని మార్చు: ఇమాం అల్- ముతహర్" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>మార్చు</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>ఇమాం అల్- ముతహర్ " మొహమ్మద్ ప్రవక్త " కలలో కనిపించు ఓట్టమన్ మీద " జీహాద్ " (పవిత్ర యుద్ధం) చేయమని ఆదేశించాడని ప్రచారయుద్ధం ప్రారంభించాడు. <sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1567&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1567 (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">1567లో</a> అల్- ముతహర్ నాయకత్వంలో గిరిజనప్రజలు రిద్వన్ పాషా నుండి సనాను స్వాధీనం చేసుకున్నాడు.<sup id="cite_ref-Muḥammad_ibn_Aḥmad_Nahrawālī_2002_180_133-0" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Mu%E1%B8%A5ammad_ibn_A%E1%B8%A5mad_Nahraw%C4%81l%C4%AB_2002_180-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> తరువాత జరిగిన 80 యుద్ధాలలో చివరి యుద్ధం <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1568&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1568 (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">1568లో</a> ధామర్ ప్రాతంలో జరిగింది. ఈ యుద్ధంలో మురద్ పాషా తల నరికించి సనాలో ఉన్న ముతహర్ వద్దకు పంపబడింది.<sup id="cite_ref-Muḥammad_ibn_Aḥmad_Nahrawālī_2002_180_133-1" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Mu%E1%B8%A5ammad_ibn_A%E1%B8%A5mad_Nahraw%C4%81l%C4%AB_2002_180-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Abdul_Ali_1996_103_134-0" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Abdul_Ali_1996_103-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1568&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1568 (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">1568</a> నాటికి జబీదు టర్కీ ఆధుపత్యంలోకి మారింది.<sup id="cite_ref-Abdul_Ali_1996_103_134-1" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Abdul_Ali_1996_103-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82:Thula_fortification2.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Thula_fortification2.jpg/600px-Thula_fortification2.jpg" decoding="async" width="600" height="228" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1589" data-file-height="604"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 600px;height: 228px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Thula_fortification2.jpg/600px-Thula_fortification2.jpg" data-width="600" data-height="228" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Thula_fortification2.jpg/900px-Thula_fortification2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Thula_fortification2.jpg/1200px-Thula_fortification2.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> <center> Ruins of Thula fortress in <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title='Amran&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="'Amran (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">'Amran</a>, where <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Al-Mutahhar&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Al-Mutahhar (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">al-Mutahhar ibn Yahya</a> barricaded himself against Ottoman attacks </center> </figcaption> </figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="లాల్_కరా_ముస్తాఫా_పాషా"><span id=".E0.B0.B2.E0.B0.BE.E0.B0.B2.E0.B1.8D_.E0.B0.95.E0.B0.B0.E0.B0.BE_.E0.B0.AE.E0.B1.81.E0.B0.B8.E0.B1.8D.E0.B0.A4.E0.B0.BE.E0.B0.AB.E0.B0.BE_.E0.B0.AA.E0.B0.BE.E0.B0.B7.E0.B0.BE"></span>లాల్ కరా ముస్తాఫా పాషా</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D&action=edit&section=22&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="విభాగాన్ని మార్చు: లాల్ కరా ముస్తాఫా పాషా" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>మార్చు</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>రెండవ సెలిం ఓట్టమన్కు చెందిన <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="సిరియా">సిరియా</a> గవర్నర్ " లాల్ కరా ముస్తాఫా పాషా "కు యెమనీ తిరుగుబాటుదారులను అణిచివేయమని ఆదేశించాడు.<sup id="cite_ref-Muḥammad_ibn_Aḥmad_Nahrawālī_2002_198_135-0" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Mu%E1%B8%A5ammad_ibn_A%E1%B8%A5mad_Nahraw%C4%81l%C4%AB_2002_198-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> అయినప్పటికీ ఈజిప్టు లోని టర్కీ సైన్యం యెమన్ వెళ్ళడానికి నిరాకరించింది.<sup id="cite_ref-Muḥammad_ibn_Aḥmad_Nahrawālī_2002_198_135-1" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Mu%E1%B8%A5ammad_ibn_A%E1%B8%A5mad_Nahraw%C4%81l%C4%AB_2002_198-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ముస్తాఫా ఇద్దరు టర్కిష్ సార్జంట్లతో ఒక లేఖను పంపి అల్-ముతాహర్కు క్షమాపణ చెపుతూ అలాగే ముస్తాఫా ఓట్టమన్ సాంరాజ్యానికి వ్యతిరేకంగా ఎటువంటి చర్యలు తీసుకోలేదని టర్కీలు స్వతంత్రంగా వ్యవహరించారని తెలియజేసాడు.<sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ఇమాం అల్-ముతహర్ ఓట్టమన్ వారి సందేశాన్ని నిరాకరించాడు.ఉథమన్ పాషా నాయకత్వంలో ముస్తాఫా సైన్యం విజయం సాధించింది.<sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="సినాన్_పాషా"><span id=".E0.B0.B8.E0.B0.BF.E0.B0.A8.E0.B0.BE.E0.B0.A8.E0.B1.8D_.E0.B0.AA.E0.B0.BE.E0.B0.B7.E0.B0.BE"></span>సినాన్ పాషా</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D&action=edit&section=23&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="విభాగాన్ని మార్చు: సినాన్ పాషా" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>మార్చు</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>ముస్తాఫా యెమన్ వెళ్ళడానికి జాప్యం చేయడం రెండవ సుల్తాన్ సెలింను ఆగ్రహానికి గురిచేసింది. ఆయన ఈజిప్టులోని పలువురు " సంజక్ - బేలను " హతమార్చి ఈజిప్టులో ఉన్న టర్కీ సైన్యమంతటికీ నాయకత్వం వహించమని అలాగే యెమన్ను తిరిగి జయించమని సినాన్ పాషాను ఆదేశించాడు.<sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> అల్బానియన్ సంతతికి చెందిన ఓట్టమన్ సైనికాధికారులలో సినాన్ పాషా ప్రాధాన్యత వహించాడు.<sup id="cite_ref-Abdul_Ali_1996_103_134-2" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Abdul_Ali_1996_103-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> సినాన్ పాషా ఆడెన్, తైజ్ , ఇబ్బ్ లను తిరిగి జయించాడు. అలాగే <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1570&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1570 (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">1570లో</a> షిబం కాకాబన్ను (7 మాసాల కాలం) స్వాధీనంలో ఉంచుకున్నాడు. తరువాత కుదిరిన సంధి ద్వారా కాకాబన్ విడిపించబడింది.<sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="టర్కీ_ఆధిఖ్యత"><span id=".E0.B0.9F.E0.B0.B0.E0.B1.8D.E0.B0.95.E0.B1.80_.E0.B0.86.E0.B0.A7.E0.B0.BF.E0.B0.96.E0.B1.8D.E0.B0.AF.E0.B0.A4"></span>టర్కీ ఆధిఖ్యత</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D&action=edit&section=24&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="విభాగాన్ని మార్చు: టర్కీ ఆధిఖ్యత" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>మార్చు</span> </a> </span> </div> <p><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1572&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1572 (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">1572లో</a> అల్ ముతహర్ మరణించిన తరువాత జేదీ సమూహాన్ని ఇమాం ఆధీనంలో సమైక్య పరచడం సాధ్యం కాలేదు. వారి విభేదాలను అనుకూలంగా మార్చుకున్న టర్కీలు <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1583&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1583 (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">1583లో</a> సదాహ్, నజ్రన్ , సనాపై విజయం సాధించారు.<sup id="cite_ref-Michel_Tuchscherer_141-0" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Michel_Tuchscherer-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1585&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1585 (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">1585లో</a> " ఇమాం అన్- నసిర్ అల్-హాసన్ బిన్ అలిలాల్- నసీర్ హాసన్ " ఖైదు చేయబడి కాంస్టాంటినోపుల్కు పంపబడ్డాడు. అంతటితో యెమనీ తిరుగుబాటుకు ముగిసిపోయింది.<sup id="cite_ref-Abdul_Ali_1996_103_134-3" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Abdul_Ali_1996_103-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ఓట్టమన్ వారి యెమన్ ఆధిక్యత ఇస్లాం విజయంగా భావించారు. వారు జేదీప్రజలను నాస్థుకులని ఆరోపించారు. <sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="హాసన్_పాషా"><span id=".E0.B0.B9.E0.B0.BE.E0.B0.B8.E0.B0.A8.E0.B1.8D_.E0.B0.AA.E0.B0.BE.E0.B0.B7.E0.B0.BE"></span>హాసన్ పాషా</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D&action=edit&section=25&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="విభాగాన్ని మార్చు: హాసన్ పాషా" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>మార్చు</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>హాసన్ పాషా యెమన్ గవర్నరుగా నియమించబడ్డాడు. తరువాత <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1585&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1585 (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">1585</a> నుండి <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1597?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1597">1597</a> వరకు యెమన్ ప్రాంతంలో ప్రశాంతత నెలకొన్నది. " అల్-మంసూర్ అల్ - క్వాసిం " ప్రజలు ఆయనను ఇమ్మామతెను స్వీకరించి టర్కీలతో యుద్ధం చేయమని సలహా గవర్నరుకు ఇచ్చారు. ఆయన మొదట నిరాకరించినప్పటికీ జేదీ ప్రజలు హనాఫీ స్కూలును స్త్యాపించిన తరువాత అల్- మంసూర్ను ఆగ్రహానికి గురిచేసింది. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1597?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1597">1597</a> సెప్టెమబర్లో అల్- మంసూర్ ఇమామతె ప్రకటించాడు. అదే సంవత్సరం ఓట్టమన్లు " అల్- బకిరియ్యా మసీదు "ను నిర్మించారు.<sup id="cite_ref-Michel_Tuchscherer_141-1" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Michel_Tuchscherer-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="ఇమాం_అల్-_మంసూర్"><span id=".E0.B0.87.E0.B0.AE.E0.B0.BE.E0.B0.82_.E0.B0.85.E0.B0.B2.E0.B1.8D-_.E0.B0.AE.E0.B0.82.E0.B0.B8.E0.B1.82.E0.B0.B0.E0.B1.8D"></span>ఇమాం అల్- మంసూర్</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D&action=edit&section=26&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="విభాగాన్ని మార్చు: ఇమాం అల్- మంసూర్" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>మార్చు</span> </a> </span> </div> <p><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1608&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1608 (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">1608</a> నాటికి ఇమాం అల్- మంసూర్ హైలాండ్స్ మీద తిరిగి విజయం సాధించి ఓట్టమన్ లతో 10 సంవత్సరాల కాలం సంధి ఒప్పదం మీద సంతకం చేసారు. <sup id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1620&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1620 (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">1620లో</a> ఇమాం అల్-మంసూర్ అల్-క్వాసిం మరణించాడు. ఆయన కుమారుడు అల్- ముయ్యద్ ముహమ్మద్ అధికారానికి వచ్చి ఓట్టమన్ల ఒప్పందం ఖరారు చేసాడు. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1627?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1627">1627లో</a> ఓట్టమన్లు ఆడెన్ , లాహేలను నష్టపోయారు. అబ్దిన్ పాషా తిరుగుబాటుదారులను అణచడానికి ప్రయత్నించి విఫలమై మోచాకు వెనుతిరిగాడు.<sup id="cite_ref-Michel_Tuchscherer_141-2" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Michel_Tuchscherer-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="అల్_-_ముయ్యద్_ముహమ్మద్"><span id=".E0.B0.85.E0.B0.B2.E0.B1.8D_-_.E0.B0.AE.E0.B1.81.E0.B0.AF.E0.B1.8D.E0.B0.AF.E0.B0.A6.E0.B1.8D_.E0.B0.AE.E0.B1.81.E0.B0.B9.E0.B0.AE.E0.B1.8D.E0.B0.AE.E0.B0.A6.E0.B1.8D"></span>అల్ - ముయ్యద్ ముహమ్మద్</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D&action=edit&section=27&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="విభాగాన్ని మార్చు: అల్ - ముయ్యద్ ముహమ్మద్" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>మార్చు</span> </a> </span> </div> <p><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1628&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1628 (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">1628లో</a> " అల్-ముయ్యద్ ముహమ్మద్ " సనా నుండి ఓట్టమన్లను వెళ్ళగొట్టాడు. ఓట్టమన్ స్వాధీనంలో జబీద్ , మోచా మాత్రమే మిగిలిపోయాయి. అల్-ముయ్యద్ ముహమ్మద్ జబీదును స్వాధీనం చేసుకుని ఓట్టమన్ ప్రజలను ప్రశాంతంగా మోచాకు వెళ్ళడానికి అనుమతించాడు. <sup id="cite_ref-144" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> గిరిజన ప్రజలు సమైక్యంతా మద్దతు ఇవ్వడమే అల్- ముయ్యద్ ముహమ్మద్ విజయానికి ప్రధాన కారణం అయింది. <sup id="cite_ref-145" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82:Mocha1692.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Mocha1692.jpg/220px-Mocha1692.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1874" data-file-height="1238"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 145px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Mocha1692.jpg/220px-Mocha1692.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="145" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Mocha1692.jpg/330px-Mocha1692.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Mocha1692.jpg/440px-Mocha1692.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Mocha,_Yemen&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Mocha, Yemen (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Mocha</a> was Yemen's busiest port in the 17th and 18th centuries. </figcaption> </figure> <p><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1632?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1632">1632లో</a> " అల్- ముయ్యద్ ముహమ్మద్ " మక్కాను జయించడానికి 1000 మంది సైనికులను పంపాడు.<sup id="cite_ref-Faulder_146-0" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Faulder-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> సైన్యం విజయవంతంగా నగరంలో ప్రవేశించి గవర్నరును హతమార్చింది.<sup id="cite_ref-Faulder_146-1" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Faulder-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="ఓట్టమన్ల_దాడి"><span id=".E0.B0.93.E0.B0.9F.E0.B1.8D.E0.B0.9F.E0.B0.AE.E0.B0.A8.E0.B1.8D.E0.B0.B2_.E0.B0.A6.E0.B0.BE.E0.B0.A1.E0.B0.BF"></span>ఓట్టమన్ల దాడి</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D&action=edit&section=28&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="విభాగాన్ని మార్చు: ఓట్టమన్ల దాడి" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>మార్చు</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>ఓట్టమన్లు మక్కను వదలడానికి సిద్ధంగా లేరు. వారు యెమనీ ప్రజలతో యుద్ధం చేయడానికి సైన్యాలను పంపారు.<sup id="cite_ref-Faulder_146-2" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Faulder-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-R._Faulder_147-0" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-R._Faulder-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ఓట్టమన్లు బావులలో దాక్కుని యెమనీల మీద దాడి చేసారు. ఈప్రణాళిక విజయవంతంమై యెమనీ సైన్యాలను దాహార్తితో అలమటించేలా చేసింది.<sup id="cite_ref-R._Faulder_147-1" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-R._Faulder-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> గిరిజనులు చివరకు లొంగిపోయి యెమన్కు వెనుతిరిగారు. <sup id="cite_ref-148" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1644?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1644">1644లో</a> అల్-ముయ్యద్ ముహమ్మద్ మరణించాడు. తరువాత ఆయన కుమారుడు అల్-ముతవక్కీ అధికారం స్వీకరించాడు. ఆయన రెండవ కుమారుడు అల్- మంసూర్ అల్- క్వాసిం ఉత్తరప్రాంతం లోని అసిర్ నుండి తూర్పు ప్రాంతంలో ఉన్న దోఫార్ వరకు స్వాధీనం చేసుకున్నాడు.<sup id="cite_ref-149" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-149"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-150" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-151" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-151"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-152" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-152"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>152<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="అల్-_మహ్ది_అహ్మద్"><span id=".E0.B0.85.E0.B0.B2.E0.B1.8D-_.E0.B0.AE.E0.B0.B9.E0.B1.8D.E0.B0.A6.E0.B0.BF_.E0.B0.85.E0.B0.B9.E0.B1.8D.E0.B0.AE.E0.B0.A6.E0.B1.8D"></span>అల్- మహ్ది అహ్మద్</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D&action=edit&section=29&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="విభాగాన్ని మార్చు: అల్- మహ్ది అహ్మద్" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>మార్చు</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>ఆయన పాలనలో , ఆయన వారసుడు " అల్- మహ్ది అహ్మద్ " (1676-1681) పాలనలో యెమన్ యూదులకు వ్యతిరేకంగా ఇమామతే విధించిన వివక్షాపూరిత కఠినమైన చట్టాలు యూదులు మాజా నుండి తహమా సముద్రతీరంలో ఉన్న వేడి, పొడి భూములకు పంపబడ్డారు. ఈ సమయంలో యెమన్ మాత్రమే ప్రపంచంలో కాఫీ ఉత్పత్తి చేస్తున్న ఏకైక దేశంగా గుర్తింపు పొందింది.<sup id="cite_ref-153" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>153<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> తరువాత యెమన్ చెందిన సఫావిద్ రాజవంశం (పర్షియాకు), ఓట్టమన్ (హెజాజ్), మొఘల్ సామ్రాజ్యం, ఎథియోపియాలతో దౌత్యసంబంధాలను అభివృద్ధి చేసుకుంది. ఫసిలిడెస్ (ఎథియోపియా) యెమన్కు మూడు దౌత్యబృందాలను పంపింది.అయినప్పటికీ ఇరువురి మద్య రాజకీయ కూటమి ఏర్పడలేదు.<sup id="cite_ref-154" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-154"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>154<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 18వ శతాబ్దం అర్ధభాగంలో యురేపియన్లు కాఫీ ఉత్పత్తిలో యెమన్ల ఏకాధిపత్యాన్ని విచ్ఛిన్నం చేసారు. యురేపియన్లు యెమన్ నుండి కాఫీ మొక్కలను అక్రమంగా సేకరించి వాటిని ఈస్టిండీస్, ఈస్ట్ ఆఫ్రికా, వెస్ట్ ఇండీస్, లాటిన్ అమెరికా మొదలైన తమ కాలనీలలో పండించారు.<sup id="cite_ref-155" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-155"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> కుటుంబ కలహాలు, గిరిజనప్రజల తిరుగుబాటు కారణంగా 18వ శతాబ్దం నాటికి కాసిం రాజవంశం పతనావస్థకు చేరుకుంది.<sup id="cite_ref-156" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-156"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="క్వాసిమిద్_రాజవంశం"><span id=".E0.B0.95.E0.B1.8D.E0.B0.B5.E0.B0.BE.E0.B0.B8.E0.B0.BF.E0.B0.AE.E0.B0.BF.E0.B0.A6.E0.B1.8D_.E0.B0.B0.E0.B0.BE.E0.B0.9C.E0.B0.B5.E0.B0.82.E0.B0.B6.E0.B0.82"></span>క్వాసిమిద్ రాజవంశం</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D&action=edit&section=30&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="విభాగాన్ని మార్చు: క్వాసిమిద్ రాజవంశం" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>మార్చు</span> </a> </span> </div> <p><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1728?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1728">1728</a> లేక <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1731?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1731">1731</a> మద్య కాలంలో లాహే ప్రతినిధులు తనకు తాను స్వంతంత్రంగా కాసిం రాజవంశ సుల్తానుగా ప్రకటించుకుని ఆడెన్ను జయించి లాహే సుల్తానేట్ స్థాపించాడు. అరేబియన్ ద్వీపకల్పంలో ఇస్లామీ వహాబీ ఉద్యమం ఉదృతమై <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1803?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1803">1803</a> నాటికి సముద్రతీరం లోని జేదీ ప్రాంతాన్ని స్వాధీనం చేసుకున్నారు.<a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1818?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1818">1818లో</a> ఈ ప్రాంతాన్ని స్వల్పకాలం తిరిగి స్వాధీనం చేసుకున్నారు.<a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1833?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1833">1833లో</a> ఓట్టమన్ వైశ్రాయి (ఈజిప్ట్) సనా పాలకుని నుండి సముద్రతీర ప్రాంతాన్ని తిరిగి స్వాధీనం చేసుకున్నాడు.<a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1835?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1835">1835</a> తరువాత త్వరితగతిలో ఇమామతే అధికారం చేతులు మారుతూ వచ్చింది.కొతమంది ఇమాంలు హత్యచేయబడ్డారు. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1849?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1849">1849లో</a> జైదీ రాజకీయాలు విషమస్థితికి చేరుకుని పరిస్థితి దశాబ్ధాల కాలం కొనసాగింది.<sup id="cite_ref-157" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-157"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>157<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="గ్రేట్_బ్రిటన్_,_9_ప్రాంతాలు"><span id=".E0.B0.97.E0.B1.8D.E0.B0.B0.E0.B1.87.E0.B0.9F.E0.B1.8D_.E0.B0.AC.E0.B1.8D.E0.B0.B0.E0.B0.BF.E0.B0.9F.E0.B0.A8.E0.B1.8D_.2C_9_.E0.B0.AA.E0.B1.8D.E0.B0.B0.E0.B0.BE.E0.B0.82.E0.B0.A4.E0.B0.BE.E0.B0.B2.E0.B1.81"></span>గ్రేట్ బ్రిటన్ , 9 ప్రాంతాలు</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D&action=edit&section=31&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="విభాగాన్ని మార్చు: గ్రేట్ బ్రిటన్ , 9 ప్రాంతాలు" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>మార్చు</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82:Yem5.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Yem5.jpg/220px-Yem5.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="208" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="743" data-file-height="704"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 208px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Yem5.jpg/220px-Yem5.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="208" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Yem5.jpg/330px-Yem5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Yem5.jpg/440px-Yem5.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Saint Joseph church in Aden was built by the British in 1850 and is currently abandoned. </figcaption> </figure> <p>బ్రిటిష్ వారి స్టిమర్లు భారతదేశానికి పయనించేమార్గంలో బొగ్గునిల్వలకోసం అణ్వేషిస్తూ ఉంది. సూయజ్ నుండి <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%8A%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="బొంబాయి">బొంబాయి</a> పోయి తిరిగి రావడానికి 700 టన్నుల బొగ్గు అవసరమౌతుంది. అందుకొరకు బ్రిటిష్ ఈస్టిండియా కంపెనీ ఆడెన్ మీద దృష్టిసారించింది. బ్రిటిష్ సామ్రాజ్యం జేదీ ఇమామ్ (సనా)తో ఒక ఒప్పందం చేయడానికి ప్రయత్నించింది.ఒప్పందం వారిని మొచాలో ప్రవేశించడానికి అనుమతించింది. వారు లాహే సుల్తాన్ నుండి ఒక ఒప్పందం చేసుకున్నారు. ఒప్పదం వారిని ఆడెన్లో ఉండడానికి అనుమతించింది.<sup id="cite_ref-Caesar_E._Farah_2002_120_158-0" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Caesar_E._Farah_2002_120-158"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>158<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> బ్రిటిష్ నౌక వాణిజ్యం నిమిత్తం ఆడెన్ దాటుతున్న సమయంలో సముద్రంలో మునిగిపోయింది. అరబ్ గిరిజనప్రజలు దానిని ఒడ్డుకు చేర్చి దానిలో ఉన్న వస్తువులను దోచుకున్నారు. బ్రిటిష్ ఇండియా ప్రభుత్వం " స్టాఫోర్డ్ బెట్స్వర్త్ హైనెస్ " నాయకత్వంలో నష్టపరిహారాన్ని కోరుతూ యుద్ధనౌకను పంపింది.<sup id="cite_ref-Caesar_E._Farah_2002_120_158-1" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Caesar_E._Farah_2002_120-158"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>158<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1839?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1839">1839</a> జనవరిలో ఆడెన్ మీద హైనెస్ బాంబులు వేసాడు. ఆసమయంలో ఆదెన్లో ఉన్న లాహెజ్ నౌకాశ్రయరక్షణ చేయమని అదేశించాడు. బ్రిటిష్ సైన్యం, నౌకాశక్తితో పోరాడలేక వారు ఓటమిని పొందారు.వారు ఆడెన్ను స్వాధీనం చేసుకుని సుల్తానేట్ నుండి వార్షికంగా 6,000 యెమనీ రియాల్ పొదడానికి ఒప్పందం కుదుర్చుకున్నారు.<sup id="cite_ref-Caesar_E._Farah_2002_120_158-2" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Caesar_E._Farah_2002_120-158"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>158<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> బ్రిటిష్ లాహేజ్ సుల్తాన్ను ఆడెన్ నుండి తొలగించి వారికి రక్షణ కలిగించమని సుల్తాన్మీద వత్తిడిచేసారు.<sup id="cite_ref-Caesar_E._Farah_2002_120_158-3" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Caesar_E._Farah_2002_120-158"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>158<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1839?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1839">1839</a> నవంబరులో 5,000 మంది గిరిజనులు నగరాన్ని స్వాధీనపరచుకోవడానికి ప్రయత్నించి విఫలమయ్యారు. దాడిలో 200 మంది చనిపోయారు. బ్రిటిష్ ఆడెన్లో స్థిరంగా కాలూనడానికి స్థానికజాతులతో సత్సంబంధాలు ఏర్పరచుకోవడం అవసరమని భావించింది.<sup id="cite_ref-159" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-159"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>159<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> బ్రిటిష్ ఆడెన్ పరిసరాలలో ఉన్న 9 స్త్యానిక జాతులతో " రక్షణ , స్నేహ ఒప్పందాలు " చేయడానికి నిర్ణయించుకుంది.అయినప్పటికీ స్థానికజాతులు బ్రిటిష్ నుండి స్వతంత్రంగా నిలిచాయి.<sup id="cite_ref-160" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-160"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>160<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1850?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1850">1850</a> నుండి ఆడెన్ " ఫ్రీ ఎకనమిక్ జోన్ "గా ప్రకటించబడింది. భారతదేశం, ఈస్టిండియా ఆఫ్రికా , ఆగ్నేయ ఆసియా వలసప్రజలతో ఆడెన్ అంతర్జాతీయ నగరంగా అభివృద్ధి చెందింది. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1850?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1850">1850లో</a> నగరపౌరులుగా 980 అరేబియన్లు మాత్రమే నమోదుచేయబడ్డారు.<sup id="cite_ref-161" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-161"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>161<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ఆడెన్ నగరంలో ఆంగ్లేయుల ఉనికి ఓట్టమన్ల మద్య విభేదాలకు దారితీసింది. టర్కీలు బ్రిటిష్ ప్రభుత్వానికి వ్యతిరేకంగా యెమన్తో కూడిన అరేబియామీద పూర్తి సార్వభౌమత్వాన్ని ప్రకటించింది.<sup id="cite_ref-162" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-162"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>162<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="ఓట్టమన్_పునరాగమనం"><span id=".E0.B0.93.E0.B0.9F.E0.B1.8D.E0.B0.9F.E0.B0.AE.E0.B0.A8.E0.B1.8D_.E0.B0.AA.E0.B1.81.E0.B0.A8.E0.B0.B0.E0.B0.BE.E0.B0.97.E0.B0.AE.E0.B0.A8.E0.B0.82"></span>ఓట్టమన్ పునరాగమనం</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D&action=edit&section=32&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="విభాగాన్ని మార్చు: ఓట్టమన్ పునరాగమనం" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>మార్చు</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82:Mukhtar_Pasha.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Mukhtar_Pasha.jpg/210px-Mukhtar_Pasha.jpg" decoding="async" width="210" height="288" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="460" data-file-height="630"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 210px;height: 288px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Mukhtar_Pasha.jpg/210px-Mukhtar_Pasha.jpg" data-width="210" data-height="288" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Mukhtar_Pasha.jpg/315px-Mukhtar_Pasha.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Mukhtar_Pasha.jpg/420px-Mukhtar_Pasha.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> The <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ottoman_Empire&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Ottoman Empire (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Ottoman</a> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Grand_Vizier&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Grand Vizier (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Grand Vizier</a> and <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=W%C4%81li&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Wāli (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Wāli</a> of Yemen <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ahmed_Muhtar_Pasha&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Ahmed Muhtar Pasha (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Ahmed Muhtar Pasha</a> </figcaption> </figure> <p>బ్రిటిష్రాజ్ <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AD%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%B6%E0%B0%82?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="భారతదేశం">భారతదేశం</a> నుండి <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%8E%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="ఎర్రసముద్రం (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">ఎర్రసముద్రం</a>, అరేబియా వరకు విస్తరించడం ఓట్టమన్లను కలవరపరిచింది. రెండుదశాబ్ధాల తరువాత <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1849?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1849">1849లో</a> ఓట్టమన్లు తిహామాకు వచ్చిచేరారు.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_163-0" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-ReferenceA-163"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>163<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ఉలేమా, స్థానికనాయకులు, వారు అనుసరిస్తున్న మతవిధానాలు జేదీ ఇమాంలు , వారి ప్రతినిధుల మద్య విభేదాలు తలెత్తాయి. యెమన్లో చట్టం అమలులో విచ్ఛిన్నత కారణంగా సనా పౌరులు అసంతృప్తికి గురై తిహామాలోని ఓట్టమన్ పాషాను యెమన్లో శాంతిని నెలకొల్పమని కోరుకున్నారు.<sup id="cite_ref-164" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-164"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>164<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> యెమనీ వ్యాపారులు ఓట్టమన్ల తిరిగిరాక తమవ్యాపారాభివృద్ధికి సహకరిస్తుందని ఓట్టమన్లు వారికి వాడుకర్లుగా మారతారని గ్రహించారు.<sup id="cite_ref-165" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-165"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>165<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ఓట్టమన్ సైన్యం సనాను స్వాధీనం చేసుకోవడానికి ప్రయత్నించి విఫలమై హైలాండ్స్ను ఖాళీచేసి వెళ్ళారు.<sup id="cite_ref-166" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-166"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>166<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1869?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1869">1869లో</a> సూయజ్ కాలువ ప్రారంభించడం యెమన్లో ఓట్టమన్ల నిర్ణయానికి బలంచేకూర్చింది.<sup id="cite_ref-B._Z._Eraqi_Klorman_1993_11_167-0" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-B._Z._Eraqi_Klorman_1993_11-167"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>167<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1872?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1872">1872లో</a> సైన్యం కాంస్టాంటినోపుల్ వదిలి ఓట్టమన్లు బలంగా ఉన్న దిగువభూములకు (తిహామా)కు సనాను జయించడానికి వెళ్ళారు. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1873?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1873">1873లో</a> ఓట్టమన్లు ఉత్తర కొండప్రాంతాలు జయించడానికి ఆయత్తమైయ్యారు.యెమన్ విలయెత్కు సనా రాజధాని అయింది. ఓట్టమన్లు గత అనుభవాలను దృష్టిలో ఉంచుకుని ప్రాంతీయ ప్రభువుల అధికారం నిర్మూలించడానికి పూనుకున్నారు. వారు యెమని సంఘాన్ని మతాతీతంగా (లౌకిక) మార్చడానికి ప్రయత్నించారు. యెమనీ యూదులు యెమన్లో మారుతున్న పరిస్థితులు అవగతం చేసుకున్నారు.<sup id="cite_ref-168" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-168"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>168<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> స్థానిక నాయకుల తిరుగుబాటు నేరాలను మన్నించి వారిని పాలనానిర్వహణా పదవులలో నియమించి ఓట్టమన్లు స్థానిక ప్రజలను శాంతింపజేసింది.<sup id="cite_ref-Doğan_Gürpınar_2013_71_169-0" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Do%C4%9Fan_G%C3%BCrp%C4%B1nar_2013_71-169"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>169<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> స్వల్పకాలం ఓట్టమన్లు కొండప్రాంతం మీద నియంత్రణ సాధించారు. <sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_163-1" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-ReferenceA-163"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>163<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1876?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1876">1876లో</a> జెదీ స్థానిక ప్రజలు " తంజిమత్ " సంస్కరణలు ప్రవేశపెట్టారు. హషిద్ , బకిల్ స్థానికులు ఓట్టమన్లకు వ్యతిరేకంగా తిరుగుబాటు చేసారు. టర్కీలు వారికి బహుమతులిచ్చి శాంతపరిచారు.<sup id="cite_ref-170" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-170"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>170<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> స్థానిక నాయకులను శాంతపరచడం ఓట్టమన్లకు కష్టతరంగా మారింది. అహ్మద్ ఇజ్జెత్ పాషా ఓట్టమన్లను కొండప్రాంతం వదిలి వెళ్ళమని ప్రతిపాదన చేసాడు. తిహామా ప్రాంతాలలో ఉండమని సైనిక నిర్వహణ భారాన్ని జేదీలకు తొలగించమని ఆయన ప్రతిపాదన చేసాడు. <sup id="cite_ref-Doğan_Gürpınar_2013_71_169-1" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Do%C4%9Fan_G%C3%BCrp%C4%B1nar_2013_71-169"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>169<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>ఉత్తరప్రాంత స్థానికతెగలు " హమిదద్దిన్ " నాయకత్వంలో సమైక్యం అయ్యారు. " ఇమాం యాహ్యా ముహమ్మద్ హమిద్ ఎద్- దిన్ " నాయకత్వంలో స్థానికులు <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1904?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1904">1904లో</a> టర్కీలకు వ్యతిరేకంగా తిరుగుబాటు చేసారు.<sup id="cite_ref-171" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-171"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>171<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1904-1911 మద్యకాలంలో సంభవించిన తిరుగుబాటు చర్యలు 10,000 మంది ఓట్టమన్ సైనికుల మరణానికి 5,00,000 పౌండ్ల నష్టానికి కారణం అయింది.<sup id="cite_ref-172" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-172"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>172<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ఇమాం యాహ్యా ముహమ్మద్ హమిద్ ఎద్- దిన్తో ఓట్టమన్లు ఒప్పందం మీద సంతకం చేసారు. ఒప్పదం ఆధారంగా ఇమాం యాహ్యా ఉత్తర కొండప్రాంతంలో జేదీల స్వయంప్రతిపత్తికి అవకాశం లభించింది.<a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1918?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1918">1918</a> లలో వదిలి వెళ్ళేవరకు షఫీ ప్రాంతం ఓట్టమన్ పాలనలో ఉంది.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="ముతవక్కిలితె_రాజ్యం_(యెమన్)"><span id=".E0.B0.AE.E0.B1.81.E0.B0.A4.E0.B0.B5.E0.B0.95.E0.B1.8D.E0.B0.95.E0.B0.BF.E0.B0.B2.E0.B0.BF.E0.B0.A4.E0.B1.86_.E0.B0.B0.E0.B0.BE.E0.B0.9C.E0.B1.8D.E0.B0.AF.E0.B0.82_.28.E0.B0.AF.E0.B1.86.E0.B0.AE.E0.B0.A8.E0.B1.8D.29"></span>ముతవక్కిలితె రాజ్యం (యెమన్)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D&action=edit&section=33&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="విభాగాన్ని మార్చు: ముతవక్కిలితె రాజ్యం (యెమన్)" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>మార్చు</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82:Dar_al_hajar.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Dar_al_hajar.jpg/220px-Dar_al_hajar.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="298" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="665" data-file-height="900"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 298px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Dar_al_hajar.jpg/220px-Dar_al_hajar.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="298" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Dar_al_hajar.jpg/330px-Dar_al_hajar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Dar_al_hajar.jpg/440px-Dar_al_hajar.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> <center> Imam <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Yahya_Muhammad_Hamid_ed-Din&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Yahya Muhammad Hamid ed-Din (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Yahya hamid ed-Din</a>'s house in Sana'a </center> </figcaption> </figure> <p><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1911?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1911">1911</a> నుండి ఉత్తర కొండప్రాంతాలను " ఇమాం యాహ్యా హమిద్ ఎద్-దిన్ అల్ ముతక్కుల్ " పాలించాడు. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1918?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1918">1918లో</a> ఓట్టమన్లు ఈప్రాంతాన్ని వదిలి వెళ్ళిన తరువాత ఆయన తన పూర్వీకులైన కాసిమిద్ భూములను తిరిగి స్వాధీనం చేసుకున్నారు. ఆయన అసిర్ నుండి ధోఫర్ వరకు విస్తరించిన గ్రేటర్ యెమన్ స్థాపించాలని కలలు కన్నాడు. ఈ ప్రణాళికలు ఇద్రిసిద్, ఇబ్న్ సౌద్ , ఆడెన్ లోని బ్రిటిష్ ప్రభుత్వం మొదలైన " డి ఫాక్టో " పాలకులతో కలహాలకు దారితీసాయి.<sup id="cite_ref-173" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-173"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>173<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> జేదీలు <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1905?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1905">1905లో</a> ఒప్పందం చేసుకున్న ఓట్టమన్ - ఆగ్లో సరిహద్దులను గౌరవించలేదు.వారు ఈ సరిహద్దు రెండు విదేశీశక్తుల ఒప్పదం అన్న భావన ఉండేది. <sup id="cite_ref-174" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-174"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>174<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> సరిహద్దు ఒప్పందం యెమన్ను ఉత్తర , దక్షిణ ప్రాంతాలుగా విడదీసింది.<sup id="cite_ref-175" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-175"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>175<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1915?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1915">1915లో</a> బ్రిటిష్ ఇద్రిసిదులతో వారు టర్కీలకు వ్యతిరేకంగా యుద్ధం చేస్తే వారికి బ్రిటిష్ ప్రభుత్వం నుండి రక్షణ కలిగించి వారి స్వరతంత్రం కాపడతామని ఒప్పందం కుదుర్చుకుంది.<sup id="cite_ref-176" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-176"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>176<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1919?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1919">1919లో</a> ఇమాం యాహ్యా హమిద్ ఎద్-దిన్ బ్రిటిష్ 9 ప్రొటక్టరేటులలో ఒకటైన లిబరతెకు తరలి వెళ్ళాడు. బ్రిటిష్ ప్రతిస్పందించి " అల్ హుదేదాహ్ "ను ఆక్రమించుకున్నారు. తరువాత వారు దానిని ఇద్రిసీ కూటమికి స్వాధీనం చేసారు.<sup id="cite_ref-177" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-177"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>177<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1922?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1922">1922లో</a> యాహ్యా ముహమ్మద్ ఎద్ దిన్ " సదరన్ ప్రొటెక్టరేట్ మీద దాడి చేసాడు. బ్రిటిష్ యుద్ధవిమానాలను ప్రయోగించి యాహ్యా తెగల సైన్యం మీద బాంబు దాడి చేసింది.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated34_178-0" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-autogenerated34-178"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>178<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1925?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1925">1925</a> నాటికి ఇమాం యాహ్యా అల్- హుదేదాహ్ను ఆక్రమించుకున్నాడు.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated509_179-0" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-autogenerated509-179"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>179<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ఆయన అసిర్ తన నియంత్రణకు వచ్చేవరకు ఇద్రిసిదుల మీద దాడి కొనసాగించాడు. తరువాత ఆయన ఈప్రాంతం ఇమాం పేరుతో పాలననిర్వహించేలా ఇద్రిసిదులను వత్తిడిచేసి ఒప్పందానికి అంగీకరింపజేసాడు. <sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated509_179-1" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-autogenerated509-179"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>179<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ఇమాం యాహ్యా ఇద్రిసిదులను మొరొకన్ సంతతికి చెందినవారుగా అంగీకరించడానికి నిరాకరించాడు. వారు కేవలం బ్రిటిష్ వారిలా చొరబాటుదారులే అని వారిని శాశ్వతంగా యెమన్ నుండి తరిమికొట్టాలని ఆయన అభిప్రాయం వెలిబుచ్చాడు.<sup id="cite_ref-180" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>180<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1927?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1927">1927లో</a> ఇమాం యాహ్యా సైన్యాలు తైజ్, ఆడెన్, ఇబ్బ్లను దాటి 50కి.మీ ముందుకు సాగిన తరువాత బ్రిటిష్ సైన్యం వారి మీద 5 రోజులపాటు బాంబుదాడి చేసింది.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated34_178-1" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-autogenerated34-178"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>178<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> బెడుయిన్ సైన్యాలు స్వల్పసంఖ్యలో మధాహి సమాఖ్య (మారిబ్) నుండి షబ్వాహ్ మీద జరిపిన దాడిని బ్రిటిష్ బాంబులదాడి విఫలం చేసింది.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="ఇద్రిసిదులు"><span id=".E0.B0.87.E0.B0.A6.E0.B1.8D.E0.B0.B0.E0.B0.BF.E0.B0.B8.E0.B0.BF.E0.B0.A6.E0.B1.81.E0.B0.B2.E0.B1.81"></span>ఇద్రిసిదులు</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D&action=edit&section=34&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="విభాగాన్ని మార్చు: ఇద్రిసిదులు" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>మార్చు</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82:Aden_1953-1s.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Aden_1953-1s.jpg/220px-Aden_1953-1s.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="181" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="828" data-file-height="680"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 181px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Aden_1953-1s.jpg/220px-Aden_1953-1s.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="181" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Aden_1953-1s.jpg/330px-Aden_1953-1s.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Aden_1953-1s.jpg/440px-Aden_1953-1s.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> British colony of Aden: <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Queen_Elizabeth_II&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Queen Elizabeth II (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Queen Elizabeth II</a> stamp, 1953 </figcaption> </figure> <p><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1926?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1926">1926లో</a> మొదటిసారిగా <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%87%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ఇటలీ">ఇటలీ</a> ఆడెన్ ప్రొటెక్టరేట్, అసిర్తో కూడిన యెమన్ ఇమాంగా యాహ్యాను గుర్తించడం బ్రిటిష్ ప్రభుత్వాన్ని ఆందోళనకు గురిచేసింది.<sup id="cite_ref-181" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-181"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>181<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> యాహ్యా ముహమ్మద్ హమిద్ ఎద్-దిన్ నుండి రక్షణ కోరుతూ ఇద్రిసిదులు ఇబ్న్ సౌద్ను ఆశ్రయించారు. అయినప్పటికీ ఇబ్న్ సౌద్ ఈప్రాంతాన్ని సౌదీ సామ్రాజ్యంతో విలీనం చేసుకోవడానికి ప్రయత్నిచిన కారణంగా <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1926?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1926">1926లో</a> ఇద్రిసిదీలు ఇబ్న్ సౌద్ కూటమిని వదిలి రక్షణ కోరుతూ తిరిగి యాహ్యాను ఆశ్రయించారు.<sup id="cite_ref-Madawi_al-Rasheed_2002_101_182-0" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Madawi_al-Rasheed_2002_101-182"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>182<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-183" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-183"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>183<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ఇమాం యాహ్యా ఇద్రిసిదుల రాజ్యాన్ని తమ సామ్రాజ్యలో విలీనం చేయాలని షరతు విధించాడు.<sup id="cite_ref-Madawi_al-Rasheed_2002_101_182-1" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Madawi_al-Rasheed_2002_101-182"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>182<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="సౌదీలో_కలవరం"><span id=".E0.B0.B8.E0.B1.8C.E0.B0.A6.E0.B1.80.E0.B0.B2.E0.B1.8B_.E0.B0.95.E0.B0.B2.E0.B0.B5.E0.B0.B0.E0.B0.82"></span>సౌదీలో కలవరం</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D&action=edit&section=35&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="విభాగాన్ని మార్చు: సౌదీలో కలవరం" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>మార్చు</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>అదే సంవత్సరం హెజాజి లిబరల్స్ బృందం యెమన్కు పారిపోయి వచ్చి ఇబ్న్ సౌదును మునుపటి హెజాజ్ రాజ్యం నుండి వెలుపలికి తరమడానికి ప్రణాళిక వేసింది. హెజాజ్ రాజ్యాన్ని ఇబ్న్ సౌదు 7సంవత్సరాలకు పూర్వం తన సామ్రాజ్యంతో విలీనం చేసుకున్నాడు. ఇబ్న్ సౌద్ సహాయం కొరకు బ్రిటిష్ ప్రభుత్వాన్ని ఆశ్రయించాడు. <sup id="cite_ref-Madawi_al-Rasheed_97_184-0" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Madawi_al-Rasheed_97-184"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>184<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> బ్రిటిష్ ప్రభుత్వం సహాయంగా సైన్యం, విమానాలను పంపింది.<sup id="cite_ref-Madawi_al-Rasheed_97_184-1" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Madawi_al-Rasheed_97-184"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>184<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ఇబ్న్ సౌద్ను ఎదుర్కొంటున్న ఆర్థిక చిక్కుల నుండి ఇటాలీ విడుదల చేయగలదని బ్రిటిష్ ప్రభుత్వం ఆందోళనపడింది.<sup id="cite_ref-Madawi_al-Rasheed_2002_101_182-2" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Madawi_al-Rasheed_2002_101-182"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>182<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1933?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1933">1933లో</a> ఇబ్న్ సౌద్ అసిర్ తిరుగుబాటును అణిచివేసిన తరువాత ఇద్రిసిదులు సనాకు పారిపోయారు.<sup id="cite_ref-Madawi_al-Rasheed_97_184-2" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Madawi_al-Rasheed_97-184"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>184<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ఇమాం యాహ్యా హమిద్ ఎద్ - దిన్, ఇబ్న్ సౌద్ మద్య రాజీప్రయత్నాలు ఫలవంతం కాలేదు. సైనికచర్య తరువాత <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1934?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1934">1934</a> మే మాసంలో ఇబ్న్ సౌద్ యుద్ధవిరమణ ప్రకటించాడు.<sup id="cite_ref-Madawi_al-Rasheed_97_184-3" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Madawi_al-Rasheed_97-184"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>184<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ఇమాం యాహ్యా సౌదీ యుద్ధఖైదీలను విడుదల చేయడానికి అంగీకరించాడు. ఇమాం యాహ్యా నజ్రన్, అసిర్, జిజాన్ ప్రాంతాలను 20 సంవత్సరాలకాలం ఇబ్న్ సౌద్కు అప్పగించాడు.<sup id="cite_ref-185" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-185"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>185<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1934?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1934">1934లో</a> బ్రిటిష్ ప్రభుత్వంతో మరొక ఒప్పదం మీద సంతకం చేసాడు.ఒప్పందం ఆధారంగా ఇమాం యాహ్యా 40 సంవత్సరాలకాలం ఆడెన్ మీద బ్రిటిష్ ఆధిపత్యానికి అంగీకారం తెలిపాడు.<sup id="cite_ref-186" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-186"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>186<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> అల్ హుదయ్దాహ్ పట్ల భయం కారణంగా యాహ్యా ఈ షరతులకు అంగీకరించాడు.<sup id="cite_ref-187" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-187"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>187<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="కాలనియల్_ఆడెన్"><span id=".E0.B0.95.E0.B0.BE.E0.B0.B2.E0.B0.A8.E0.B0.BF.E0.B0.AF.E0.B0.B2.E0.B1.8D_.E0.B0.86.E0.B0.A1.E0.B1.86.E0.B0.A8.E0.B1.8D"></span>కాలనియల్ ఆడెన్</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D&action=edit&section=36&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="విభాగాన్ని మార్చు: కాలనియల్ ఆడెన్" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>మార్చు</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82:Queen_Elizabeth_in_Aden_1954.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Queen_Elizabeth_in_Aden_1954.jpg/210px-Queen_Elizabeth_in_Aden_1954.jpg" decoding="async" width="210" height="333" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="494" data-file-height="784"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 210px;height: 333px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Queen_Elizabeth_in_Aden_1954.jpg/210px-Queen_Elizabeth_in_Aden_1954.jpg" data-width="210" data-height="333" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Queen_Elizabeth_in_Aden_1954.jpg/315px-Queen_Elizabeth_in_Aden_1954.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Queen_Elizabeth_in_Aden_1954.jpg/420px-Queen_Elizabeth_in_Aden_1954.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Queen <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Elizabeth_II&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Elizabeth II (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Elizabeth II</a> holding a sword prepared to <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Knight&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Knight (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">knight</a> subjects in <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Aden&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Aden (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Aden</a> in 1954 </figcaption> </figure> <p><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1980?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1980">1980</a> నుండి ఆడెన్ నగరంలోని నౌకాశ్రయంలో పనిచేయడానికి హజ్, అల్-బీతా, తైజ్ నుండి శ్రామికుల రాక అధికరించింది. అందువలన అభివృద్ధి చెందిన నగర జనసంఖ్యలో అత్యధికులు విదేశీయులు ఉన్నారు. తరువాత ఆడెన్ ఫ్రీ జోన్ ప్రకటించిన కారణంగా అరేబియన్లు నివసించడానికి ప్రత్యేకప్రాంతం లభించింది. రెండవ ప్రపంచయుద్ధం సమయంలో ఆడెన్ ఆర్థికరంగం బలపడింది. తరువాతి కాలంలో ఆడెన్ నౌకాశ్రయం చురుకుకైన నౌకాశ్రయాలలో రెండవదిగా (మొదటి స్థానం న్యూయార్క్ నౌకాశ్రయం) ప్రసిద్ధి చెందింది.<sup id="cite_ref-Wealth_p.117_188-0" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Wealth_p.117-188"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>188<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> వర్కర్ల యూనియన్ అభివృద్ధి చెందిన తరువాత శ్రామికుల మద్య వర్గవిబేధాలు తలెత్తాయి. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1943?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1943">1943</a> ఆక్రమణకు మొదటి ఆటకం మొదలైంది.<sup id="cite_ref-Wealth_p.117_188-1" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Wealth_p.117-188"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>188<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> " ముహమ్మద్ అలి లుక్మన్ " ఆడెన్లో మొదటి అరబిక్ క్లబ్, మొదటి అరబిక్ స్కూల్ స్థాపించబడింది.<sup id="cite_ref-189" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-189"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>189<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ఆడెన్ కాలనీ తూర్పు కాలనీ, పశ్చిమ కాలనీగా విభజించబడింది. అదనంగా 23 సుల్తానేట్లు, ఎమిరేట్లు, సుల్తానేటుతో సంబంధం లేని స్వతంత్ర స్థానిక తెగలుగా విభజించబడ్డాయి.సుల్తానేటులు, బ్రిటిష్ మద్య కుదిరిన అవగాహన కారణంగా విదేశీసంబంధాలు మొత్తం బ్రిటిష్ నియంత్రణలోకి వచ్చాయి.<sup id="cite_ref-190" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-190"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>190<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> బ్రిటిష్ ప్రభుత్వం అరబ్ పాలకులకు అధిక స్వతంత్రం ఇస్తూ " ఫ్రీడం ఆఫ్ సౌత్ అరేబియా " స్థాపించింది. <sup id="cite_ref-191" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-191"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>191<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> బ్రిటిష్ పాలనను వ్యతిరేకిస్తూ మొదలైన " నార్త్ యెమన్ సివిల్ వార్ " అత్యధికులలో ప్రేరణకలిగించింది. క్వతాన్ " ముహమ్మద్ అల్- షాబి " నేతృత్వంలో యెమన్లో " నేషనల్ లిబరేషన్ ఫ్రంట్ (ఎన్.ఎల్.ఒ) " స్థాపించబడింది. ఎన్.ఎల్.ఒ. సుల్తానేటులను అన్నింటినీ ధ్వంసం చేసి సమైక్య " యెమన్ అరబిక్ రిపబ్లిక్ " ఏర్పాటుచేయగలదని విశ్వసించబడింది.రాడ్ఫాన్, యాఫా నుండి ఎన్.ఎల్.ఒ.కు మద్దతు అధికంగా లభించింది. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1964?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1964">1964</a> జనవరిలో బ్రిటిష్ ఆధ్వర్యంలో నిర్వహించబడిన అణ్వాయుధదాడి రాడ్ఫాన్ నగరాన్ని పూర్తిగా దహించింది.<sup id="cite_ref-192" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-192"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>192<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="రెండు_రాజ్యాలు"><span id=".E0.B0.B0.E0.B1.86.E0.B0.82.E0.B0.A1.E0.B1.81_.E0.B0.B0.E0.B0.BE.E0.B0.9C.E0.B1.8D.E0.B0.AF.E0.B0.BE.E0.B0.B2.E0.B1.81"></span>రెండు రాజ్యాలు</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D&action=edit&section=37&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="విభాగాన్ని మార్చు: రెండు రాజ్యాలు" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>మార్చు</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82:Egyptian_army_in_sanaa_1962.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Egyptian_army_in_sanaa_1962.jpg/220px-Egyptian_army_in_sanaa_1962.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="553"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 152px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Egyptian_army_in_sanaa_1962.jpg/220px-Egyptian_army_in_sanaa_1962.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="152" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Egyptian_army_in_sanaa_1962.jpg/330px-Egyptian_army_in_sanaa_1962.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Egyptian_army_in_sanaa_1962.jpg/440px-Egyptian_army_in_sanaa_1962.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=North_Yemen_Civil_War&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="North Yemen Civil War (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Egyptian military intervention</a> in North Yemen in 1962 </figcaption> </figure> <p>ముతవక్కిలితే రాచరికవ్యవస్థ ఆధునికీకరణ స్తంభనను వ్యతిరేకిస్తున్న ప్రాంతంలో అరబ్ జాతీయత ప్రభావం చూపింది. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1962?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1962">1962లో</a> అహ్మద్ బిన్ యాహ్యా మరణించిన సమయంలో ఇది స్పష్టంగా కనిపించింది. తరువాత ఆయన కుమారుడు అధికారబాధ్యత చేపట్టారు.అయినప్పటికీ సైనికాధికారులు అధికారం చేపట్టడానికి ప్రయత్నించారు. ఇది నార్త్ యెమన్ అంతర్యుద్ధానికి దారితీసింది.<sup id="cite_ref-193" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-193"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>193<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> హమిదద్దీన్ రాజకుటుంబానికి సౌత్ అరేబియా, బ్రిటన్, జోరడానులు ఆయుధాలు, ఆర్థికసహాయంచేసి (స్వల్పసంఖ్యలో సైనిక సాయం) మద్దతు ఇచ్చాయి. సైనిక తిరుగుబాటుకు <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%88%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ఈజిప్ట్">ఈజిప్ట్</a> బాసటగా నిలిచింది. తిరుగుబాటుదారులకు ఈజిప్ట్ ఆయుధాలు, ఆర్థికసాయం అందించింది. ఈజిప్ట్ యుద్ధంలో పాల్గొనడానికి అత్యధిక సంఖ్యలో సైనికులను పంపింది.ఈజిప్ట్ సైన్యాలను యెమన్లో బిజీగా ఉంచడానికి రాజకుటుంబానికి <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%87%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ఇజ్రాయిల్">ఇజ్రాయిల్</a> ఆయుధాలు సరఫరా చేసింది. ఆరు సంవత్సరాల 1968 ఫిబ్రవరిలో సైనికతిరుగుబాటుదారులు విజయం సాధించి " యెమన్ అరబ్ రిపబ్లిక్ " స్త్యాపించబడింది..<sup id="cite_ref-194" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-194"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>194<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ఉత్తర ప్రాంతంలో తిరుగుబాటు, ఆడెన్ అత్యవసర పరిస్థితి దక్షిణప్రాంతంలో బ్రిటిష్ పాలన ముగియసే ప్రక్రియను వేగవంతం చేసింది. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1967?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1967">1967</a> నవంబరు 30న ఆడెన్, మునుపటి అరబ్ ప్రొటెక్టరేట్లను కలుపుకుని దక్షిణ యెమన్ దేశం అవతరించింది. ఈ సోషలిస్ట్ దేశం తరువాత " పీపుల్స్ డెమొక్రటిక్ రిపబ్లిక్ ఆఫ్ యెమన్ "గా అవతరించింది. తరువాత నేషనలిజం ప్రణాళికలు ఆరంభం అయ్యాయి.<sup id="cite_ref-195" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-195"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>195<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82:Aden7-1967.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Aden7-1967.jpg/220px-Aden7-1967.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="813" data-file-height="602"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 163px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Aden7-1967.jpg/220px-Aden7-1967.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="163" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Aden7-1967.jpg/330px-Aden7-1967.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Aden7-1967.jpg/440px-Aden7-1967.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=British_Forces_Aden&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="British Forces Aden (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">British Army</a>'s counter-insurgency campaign in the British controlled territories of <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Federation_of_South_Arabia&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Federation of South Arabia (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">South Arabia</a>, 1967 </figcaption> </figure> <p>రెండు యెమన్ దేశాల శాంతి , శతృత్వం మారిమారి సంభవించాయి. దక్షిణ ప్రాంతానికి ఈస్టర్న్ బ్లాక్ మద్దతు తెలిపింది. ఉత్తరప్రాంతానికి ఎవరితో సంబంధబాంధవ్యాలు ఏర్పడలేదు. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1972?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1972">1972లో</a> ఇరుదేశాల నడుమ యుద్ధం జరిగింది. యుద్ధవిరమణతో యుద్ధం ముగింపుకు వచ్చింది. అరబ్ లీగ్ మద్యవర్తిత్వంతో చివరకు సమైక్యత సాధ్యపడింది.<a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1978?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1978">1978లో</a> " అలీ అబ్దలాహ్ సలేహ్ " యెమన్ అధ్యక్షుడుగా నియమితుడయ్యాడు.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_Timeline_196-0" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-BBC_Timeline-196"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>196<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> యుద్ధం తరువాత ఉత్తరప్రాంతం దక్షిణప్రాంతానికి అందుతున్న విదేశీసహాయం (ఇందులో సౌదీ అరేబియా కూడా ఉంది) గురించి ఫిర్యాదు చేసింది.<sup id="cite_ref-197" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-197"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>197<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1979?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1979">1979లో</a> తిరిగి రెండు దేశాల నడుమ యుద్ధం సంభవించింది. అలాగే రెండు దేశాల సమైక్యతకు ప్రయత్నాలు పునరుద్ధరించబడ్డాయి.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_Timeline_196-1" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-BBC_Timeline-196"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>196<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82:Divided_Yemen.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Divided_Yemen.svg/240px-Divided_Yemen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="145" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1210" data-file-height="730"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 240px;height: 145px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Divided_Yemen.svg/240px-Divided_Yemen.svg.png" data-width="240" data-height="145" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Divided_Yemen.svg/360px-Divided_Yemen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Divided_Yemen.svg/480px-Divided_Yemen.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Yemen_Arab_Republic&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Yemen Arab Republic (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">North Yemen</a> (in orange) and Marxist <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=South_Yemen&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="South Yemen (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">South Yemen</a> (in blue) before 1990 </figcaption> </figure> <p><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1986?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1986">1986లో</a> జరిగిన " సౌత్ యెమన్ సివిల్ వార్ " సమయంలో వేలాదిమంది మరణించారు. అధ్యక్షుడు " అలీ నాసర్ ముహమ్మద్ " ఉత్తర ప్రాంతానికి పారిపోయాడు. తరువాత రాజద్రోహానికి అధ్యక్షునికి మరణశిక్ష విధించబడింది. తరువాత కొత్త ప్రభుత్వం ఏర్పడింది.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_Timeline_196-2" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-BBC_Timeline-196"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>196<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p><br></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="సమైఖ్యం_,_అంతర్యుద్ధం"><span id=".E0.B0.B8.E0.B0.AE.E0.B1.88.E0.B0.96.E0.B1.8D.E0.B0.AF.E0.B0.82_.2C_.E0.B0.85.E0.B0.82.E0.B0.A4.E0.B0.B0.E0.B1.8D.E0.B0.AF.E0.B1.81.E0.B0.A6.E0.B1.8D.E0.B0.A7.E0.B0.82"></span>సమైఖ్యం , అంతర్యుద్ధం</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D&action=edit&section=38&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="విభాగాన్ని మార్చు: సమైఖ్యం , అంతర్యుద్ధం" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>మార్చు</span> </a> </span> </div> <p><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1990?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1990">1990లో</a> రెండు ప్రభుత్వాలు ఏకమై సమైక్య యెమన్ స్థాపనకు అంగీకరించాయి. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1990?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1990">1990</a> మే 22న రెండుదేశాలు విలీనం అయ్యాయి. సలేహ్ అధ్యక్షునిగా నియమితుడయ్యాడు. <sup id="cite_ref-BBC_Timeline_196-3" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-BBC_Timeline-196"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>196<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> దక్షిణ యెమన్ అధ్యక్షుడు " అలీ సలీం అల్-బెయిద్ " ఉపాధ్యక్షునిగా నియమించబడ్డాడు.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_Timeline_196-4" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-BBC_Timeline-196"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>196<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> " యెమన్ పార్లమెంటు " , రాజ్యాంగం రూపొందించబడింది.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_Timeline_196-5" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-BBC_Timeline-196"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>196<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1933?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1933">1933లో</a> యెమన్ పార్లమెంటు ఎన్నికలు నిర్వహించబడ్డాయి.ఎన్నికలలో " జనరల్ పీపుల్స్ కాంగ్రెస్ " 301 స్థానాలలో 122 స్థానాలు సాధించి విజయం సాధించింది.<sup id="cite_ref-elections_198-0" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-elections-198"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>198<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 309">: 309 </span></sup><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1990?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1990">1990</a> గల్ఫ్ యుద్ధం తరువాత యెమన్ అధ్యక్షుడు అరబ్ మినహాయింపుగా విదేశాలజోక్యాన్ని వ్యతిరేకించాడు.<sup id="cite_ref-199" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-199"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>199<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> " యునైటెడ్ నేషంస్ సెక్యూరిటీ కౌంసిల్ " సభ్యదేశంగా (1990-1991) యెమన్ <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%87%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ఇరాన్">ఇరాన్</a> , <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%87%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ఇరాక్">ఇరాక్</a> సంబంధిత నిర్ణయాలలో భాగస్వామ్యం వహించకుండా తప్పుకుంది.<sup id="cite_ref-YemenProfile2008_200-0" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-YemenProfile2008-200"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>200<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> అలాగే " యూస్ ఆఫ్ ఫోర్స్ రిసొల్యూషన్ "ను వ్యతిరేకంగా ఓటు వేయడం యు.ఎస్.ను ఆగ్రహానికి గురిచేసింది. <sup id="cite_ref-201" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-201"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>201<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> యుద్ధానికి వ్యతిరేకత ప్రదర్శించినదానికి ప్రతిస్పందనగా సౌదీ అరేబియా 1990-1991 లో 8,00,000 మంది యెమనీ ప్రజలను దేశం నుండి వెలుపలకు పంపింది.<sup id="cite_ref-202" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-202"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>202<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1992?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1992">1992లో</a> ప్రధాన నగరాలలో సంభవించిన " ఫుడ్ రాయిట్స్ " (ఆహారం కొరకు అల్లర్లు) తరువాత <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1983?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1983">1983లో</a> కొత్త కూటమి ప్రభుత్వం రెండు దేశాల నుండి రూలింగ్ పార్టీలను రూపొందించింది. 1983 ఆగస్టులో ఉపాధ్యక్షుడు అల్-బెయిద్ ఆడెన్కు వెళ్ళాడు.<sup id="cite_ref-war_203-0" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-war-203"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>203<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> రాజకీయ అస్థిరతకు ముగింపు పలకడానికి రాజీప్రయత్నాలు చేయబడ్డాయి. రాజకీయ అంతర్యుద్ధంలో ప్రధానమంత్రి " హైదర్ అబు బకర్ అల్- అతాస్ " అశక్తుడయ్యాడు. <sup id="cite_ref-204" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-204"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>204<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ఉత్తరప్రాంత , దక్షిణప్రాంత నాయకుల మద్య <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1994?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1994">1994</a> ఫిబ్రవరి 20న అమ్మాన్ <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="జోర్డాన్">జోర్డాన్</a> వద్ద ఒప్పందం మీద సంతకం చేయబడింది. అయినప్పటికీ అంర్యుద్ధం నివారించలేక పోయారు. <sup id="cite_ref-205" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-205"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>205<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1994 మే-జూలై మద్య యెమన్ అతర్యుద్ధంలో దక్షిణప్రాంత సైన్యం ఓటమి పొందింది. యెమనీ సోషలిస్ట్ పార్టీ సభ్యులు దేశం నుండి వెలుపలకు పంపబడ్డారు. 1994లో అంతర్యుద్ధంలో సౌదీ అరేబియా యాక్టివిటీ సహాయం అందించింది.<sup id="cite_ref-206" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-206"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>206<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="సమకాలీన_యెమన్"><span id=".E0.B0.B8.E0.B0.AE.E0.B0.95.E0.B0.BE.E0.B0.B2.E0.B1.80.E0.B0.A8_.E0.B0.AF.E0.B1.86.E0.B0.AE.E0.B0.A8.E0.B1.8D"></span>సమకాలీన యెమన్</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D&action=edit&section=39&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="విభాగాన్ని మార్చు: సమకాలీన యెమన్" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>మార్చు</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82:Prayers_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Prayers_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg/220px-Prayers_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1133" data-file-height="850"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Prayers_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg/220px-Prayers_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Prayers_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg/330px-Prayers_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Prayers_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg/440px-Prayers_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Prayers during <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ramadan&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Ramadan (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Ramadan</a> in Sana'a </figcaption> </figure> <p><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1999?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1999">1999లో</a> యెమనీ ప్రథమ ఎన్నికచేయబడిన అధ్యక్షుడుగా " సలేహ్ "96.2% ఓట్లతో విజయం సాధించాడు.<sup id="cite_ref-elections_198-1" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-elections-198"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>198<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 310">: 310 </span></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-REVERSAL_207-0" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-REVERSAL-207"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>207<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2000?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2000">2000</a> అక్టోబరు 17న ఆడెన్లో యు.ఎస్. నావల్ వెసెల్ మీద జరిగిన ఆత్మాహుతి బాంబుదాడి ఫలితంగా అల్- కొయిదా నిందించబడింది. సెప్టెంబరు 11 దాడి తరువాత యునైటెడ్ స్టేట్స్ అధ్యక్షుడు జార్జ్ డబల్యూ బుష్ తీవ్రవాదుల దాడిలో యెమన్ భాగస్వామ్యం వహించిందని ఆరోపించాడు. యెమనీ కాంస్టిట్యూషనల్ రిఫరెండం (2001) లో సలేహ్ పాలనను సమర్ధిస్తూ హింసాత్మక చర్యలు చోటుచేసుకున్నాయి.</p> <p><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2004?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2004">2004</a> జూన్లో యెమన్లో షియా విప్లవం ఆరంభం అయింది. జేదీ షియా సిద్ధాంతానికి " హుస్సేన్ బద్రెద్దిన్ అల్-హౌతీ " నాయకుడు యెమనీ ప్రభుత్వానికి వ్యతిరేకంగా తిరుగుబాటును లేవనెత్తాడు.<sup id="cite_ref-Deadly_blast_208-0" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Deadly_blast-208"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>208<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82:Sana.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Sana.jpg/220px-Sana.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3096" data-file-height="2099"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 149px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Sana.jpg/220px-Sana.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="149" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Sana.jpg/330px-Sana.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Sana.jpg/440px-Sana.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> "Sana'a risks becoming the first capital in the world to <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_Yemen&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Water supply and sanitation in Yemen (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">run out of a viable water supply</a> as Yemen's streams and natural aquifers run dry", according to <i>The Guardian</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-209" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-209"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>209<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </figcaption> </figure> <p><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2005?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2005">2005లో</a> ఆయిల్ ధరల విషయంలో పోలీసులు, నిరసనదారుల మద్య జరిగిన అల్లర్లలో దేశం మొత్తంలో కనీసం 36 మంది మరణించారు. యెమనీ అధ్యక్ష ఎన్నికలు (2006) సెప్టెంబరు 20 న నిర్వహించబడ్డాయి. ఎన్నికలలో సలేహ్ 77.2% ఓట్లతో విజయం సాధించాడు. ప్రత్యర్థి ఫైసల్ బిన్ షమ్లన్ 21.8% ఓట్లను సాధించాడు.<sup id="cite_ref-presidentsaleh.gov.ye_210-0" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-presidentsaleh.gov.ye-210"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>210<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-211" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-211"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>211<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> రెండవ మారుగా సలేహ్ సెప్టెంబరు 27న అధ్యక్షునిగా పదవీబాధ్యత వహించాడు.<sup id="cite_ref-212" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-212"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>212<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2007?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2007">2007</a> జూలైలో మారిబ్ సమీపంలో ఒక ఆత్మాహుతి దళసభ్యుని దాడిలో 8 మంది స్పానిష్ పౌరులు, ఇద్దరు యెమనీయులు చంపబడ్డారు. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2008?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2008">2008లో</a> పోలీస్, అధికారులు, డిప్లొమాటిక్, విదేశీ వ్యాపారం, పర్యాటక గమ్యాల మీద వరుస బాంబుదాడులు సంభవించాయి.యు.ఎస్. ఏంబసీ వెలుపల కారు బాంబింగులో 18 మంది మరణించారు.సనాలో ఎన్నికల సంస్కరణ కోరుతూ నిర్వహించబడిన ప్రదర్శనలో పోలీసు కాల్పులు జరిగాయి.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="అల్_కొయిదా"><span id=".E0.B0.85.E0.B0.B2.E0.B1.8D_.E0.B0.95.E0.B1.8A.E0.B0.AF.E0.B0.BF.E0.B0.A6.E0.B0.BE"></span>అల్ కొయిదా</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D&action=edit&section=40&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="విభాగాన్ని మార్చు: అల్ కొయిదా" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>మార్చు</span> </a> </span> </div> <p><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2009?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2009">2009</a> జనవరిలో సౌదీ అరేబియన్, యమనీ అల్- కొయిదా శాఖలు విలీనమై యమన్లో " అల్- కొయిదా ఇన్ అరేబియన్ పెనింసులా " రూపొందించాయి.వీరిలో గుయాంతనమో బేలో విడుదలైన సౌదీ అరేబియన్లు అధిక సంఖ్యలో ఉన్నారు.<sup id="cite_ref-213" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-213"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>213<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> మంచినడత కారణంగా సలేహ్ 176 మందిని విడుదల చేసాడు. అయినప్పటికీ తీవ్రవాద చర్యలు మాత్రం కొనసాగాయి. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2009?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2009">2009</a> షియా తిరుగుబాటుదారులకు వ్యతిరేకంగా సౌదీ సైనిక సాయంతో యెమనీ సైనికచర్యను ప్రారంభించింది. యుద్ధంలో వేలాది మంది స్థలమార్పిడి చేయబడ్డారు. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2010?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2010">2010</a> ఫిబ్రవరిలో యుద్ధవిరమణ అంగీకారం కుదిరింది. అయినప్పటికీ యుద్ధంలో 3,000 మంది మరణించారు. యెమన్లో జైదిజం అణిచివేయడానికి సలాఫిజం బృందాలకు సౌదీ అరేబియా సాయం అందించిందని షియా తిరుగుబాటుదారులు ఆరోపించారు.<sup id="cite_ref-214" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-214"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>214<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="తీవ్రవాదుల_మీద_యు.ఎస్._దాడి"><span id=".E0.B0.A4.E0.B1.80.E0.B0.B5.E0.B1.8D.E0.B0.B0.E0.B0.B5.E0.B0.BE.E0.B0.A6.E0.B1.81.E0.B0.B2_.E0.B0.AE.E0.B1.80.E0.B0.A6_.E0.B0.AF.E0.B1.81..E0.B0.8E.E0.B0.B8.E0.B1.8D._.E0.B0.A6.E0.B0.BE.E0.B0.A1.E0.B0.BF"></span>తీవ్రవాదుల మీద యు.ఎస్. దాడి</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D&action=edit&section=41&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="విభాగాన్ని మార్చు: తీవ్రవాదుల మీద యు.ఎస్. దాడి" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>మార్చు</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>యు.ఎస్. అధ్యక్షుడు " బారక్ ఒబామా " ఆదేశాలతో యు.ఎస్.యుద్ధ విమానాలు క్రూసీ మిస్సైల్ ప్రయోగం చేసారని పత్రికావిలేఖరులు పేర్కొన్నారు. వాషింగ్టన్ అధికారులు సనా, అబ్యన్ (2009 డిసెంబరు 17) ప్రాంతంలో ఉన్న అల్-కొయిదా కేంపులను లక్ష్యంగా చేసుకుని దాడులు జరిగాయని పేర్కొన్నారు.<sup id="cite_ref-215" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-215"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>215<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> అల్- కొయిదా లక్ష్యాలు కాక గ్రామాలలో జరిగిన దాడిలో 55 మంది పౌరులుమరణించారు.<sup id="cite_ref-foreignpolicy.com_216-0" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-foreignpolicy.com-216"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>216<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> దాడులలో 60 మంది పౌరులు, 28 మంది పిల్లలు మరణించారని యెమన్ అధికారులు చెప్పారు. డిసెంబరు 24న మరొక వాయుమార్గ దాడి జరిగింది.<sup id="cite_ref-217" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-217"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>217<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> రాజకీయ అనిశ్చిత పరిస్థితి కారణంగా యెమన్లో అధికరించిన తీవ్రవాదాన్ని అదుపులోకి తీసుకురావడానికి యు.ఎస్. యెమన్లో డ్రోన్ దాడి చేసింది.<sup id="cite_ref-218" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-218"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>218<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2009?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2009">2009</a> నుండి సి.ఐ.ఎ. మద్దతుతో యు.ఎస్. సైన్యం యెమన్లో దాడులు నిర్వహించింది.<sup id="cite_ref-219" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-219"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>219<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> అమెరికాకు బెదిరింపుగా ఉన్న లక్ష్యాల మీద సి.ఐ.ఎ. మద్దతుతో యు.ఎస్. సైన్యం జరిపిన డ్రోన్ దాడుల లక్ష్యాలలో మానవనివాసాలు కూడా ఉన్నందున యు.ఎస్. డ్రోన్ దాడులలో అమాయకప్రజలు మరణించారని మానవహక్కుల సంరక్షణ సంస్థలు విమర్శించాయి.<sup id="cite_ref-220" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-220"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>220<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2011?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2011">2011</a> సెప్టెంబరులో యు.ఎస్. యెమన్లో జరిపిన డ్రోన్ దాడులలో " అంవర్ అల్ -అవ్లకీ ", " సమీర్ ఖాన్ " మరణించడం పలు వివాదాలకు దారితీసింది. యు.ఎస్.పౌరులు కూడా దీనిని విమర్శించారు.<sup id="cite_ref-221" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-221"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>221<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2011?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2011">2011</a> అక్టోబరు మాసంలో జరిగిన డ్రోన్ దాడిలో అంవర్ టీనేజ్ కుమారుడు " అద్బుల్రహ్మాన్ అల్ - అవ్లకి " మరణించాడు. అధ్యక్షుడు సలేహ్ పదవీచ్యుతుడయ్యే వరకు యు.ఎస్. డ్రోన్ దాడి కొనసాగింది.<sup id="cite_ref-222" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-222"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>222<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> జైదియా (షియా) యెమన్ రివల్యూషనరీ కమిటీ (యెమన్) ఇస్లామిక్ స్టేట్ ఆఫ్ ఇరాక్, లెవంత్కు <sup id="cite_ref-223" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-223"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>223<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> అల్ కొయిదా <sup id="cite_ref-224" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-224"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>224<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, సౌదీ అరేబియాలకు వ్యతిరేకంగా పోరాడింది.<sup id="cite_ref-225" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-225"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>225<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> యు.ఎస్. హౌతీలకు వ్యతిరేకంగా సౌదీ అరేబియన్ జోక్యం చేసుకోవడానికి మద్దతు ఇచ్చింది.<sup id="cite_ref-226" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-226"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>226<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2016?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2016">2016</a> ఫిబ్రవరిలో అల్- కొయిదా సైన్యం, సౌదీ నాయకత్వంలో సైనికదళం హౌతీ తురుగుబాటుదార్లకు వ్యతిరేకంగా యుద్ధంలో పాల్గొన్నది.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc-20160222_227-0" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-bbc-20160222-227"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>227<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="తిరుగుబాటు_,_తరువాత"><span id=".E0.B0.A4.E0.B0.BF.E0.B0.B0.E0.B1.81.E0.B0.97.E0.B1.81.E0.B0.AC.E0.B0.BE.E0.B0.9F.E0.B1.81_.2C_.E0.B0.A4.E0.B0.B0.E0.B1.81.E0.B0.B5.E0.B0.BE.E0.B0.A4"></span>తిరుగుబాటు , తరువాత</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D&action=edit&section=42&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="విభాగాన్ని మార్చు: తిరుగుబాటు , తరువాత" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>మార్చు</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82:Yemen_protest.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Yemen_protest.jpg/220px-Yemen_protest.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Yemen_protest.jpg/220px-Yemen_protest.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Yemen_protest.jpg/330px-Yemen_protest.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Yemen_protest.jpg/440px-Yemen_protest.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Protest in Sana'a, 3 February 2011 </figcaption> </figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82:Yemeni_Civil_War.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Yemeni_Civil_War.svg/340px-Yemeni_Civil_War.svg.png" decoding="async" width="340" height="222" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1625" data-file-height="1061"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 340px;height: 222px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Yemeni_Civil_War.svg/340px-Yemeni_Civil_War.svg.png" data-width="340" data-height="222" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Yemeni_Civil_War.svg/510px-Yemeni_Civil_War.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Yemeni_Civil_War.svg/680px-Yemeni_Civil_War.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3254474">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style> <div class="legend"> <span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#cae7c4; color:black;"> </span> Controlled by <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Houthis&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Houthis (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Houthis</a> and <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ali_Abdullah_Saleh&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Ali Abdullah Saleh (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Saleh</a> loyalists </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3254474"> <div class="legend"> <span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#f98787; color:black;"> </span> Controlled by <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Abd_Rabbuh_Mansur_Hadi&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Abd Rabbuh Mansur Hadi (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Hadi</a> loyalists </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3254474"> <div class="legend"> <span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#ffffff; color:black;"> </span> Controlled by <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Al-Qaeda_in_the_Arabian_Peninsula&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">al-Qaeda</a> and <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Islamic_State_of_Iraq_and_the_Levant&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Islamic State</a>-affiliated <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ansar_al-Sharia_(Yemen)&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Ansar al-Sharia (Yemen) (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Ansar al-Sharia</a> </div> </figcaption> </figure> <p><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2011?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2011">2011లో</a> యెమనీ రివల్యూషన్ ఇతర అరబ్ తిరుగుబాటుదార్ల నిరసనలలో భాగస్వామ్యం వహించింది. తిరుగుబాటు నిరుద్యోగం, ఆర్థిక పరిస్థితులు, లంచగొండితనానికి వ్యతిరేకంగా ప్రారంభం అయింది. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2011?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2011">2011</a> మార్చిలో పోలీస్ ప్రొడెమాక్రసీ కేంపు మీద సాగించిన కాల్పులలో 50 మంది మరణించారు. మే మాసంలో సనాలో జరిగిన ట్రూపస్, స్థానిక తెగల జాతిసంఘర్షణలో డజన్ల కొద్దీ ప్రజలు మరణించారు. ఈ సంఘటన తరువాత సలేహ్కు అతర్జాతీయ మద్దతు సన్నగిల్లింది. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2011?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2011">2011</a> అక్టోబరులో మానవహక్కుల సంరక్షణ ఉద్యమకారుడు " తవకుల్ కర్మన్ " నోబుల్ బహుమతిని అందుకున్నాడు. యు.ఎన్. సెస్రటరీ కౌంసిల్ హింసా కాండను విమర్శిస్తూ అధికారం బదిలీ చేయాలని పిలుపునిచ్చింది. 2011 నవంబరు 23న సలేహ్ పొరుగున ఉన్న సౌదీ అరేబియాలో ఉన్న రియాదుకు పారిపోయి " గల్ఫ్ కో-ఆపరేషన్ కౌంసిల్ " ఒప్పందం మీద సంతకం చేసి అధ్యక్షపీఠం ఉపాధ్యక్షుడు " అద్బ్ రబ్బుహ్ మంసూర్ హదీ "కి బదిలీ చేసాడు. ప్రతిపక్షాల నుండి ప్రధానమంత్రితో కూడిన ప్రభుత్వం ఏర్పాటుచేయబడింది. కొత్త రాజ్యాంగ నిర్మాణానికి అల్- హదీ పర్యవేక్షకునిగా వ్యవహరించాడు. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2014?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2014">2014లో</a> పార్లమెంటు ఎన్నికలు నిర్వహించబడ్డాయి. 2012 ఫిబ్రవరిలో సలేహ్ తిరిగి వచ్చాడు. వేలాది మంది ఆయనకు వ్యతిరేకంగా నిరసన ప్రదర్శనలో పాల్గొన్నారు.ఆయన కుమారుడు జనరల్ అహమ్మద్ అలీ అబ్దుల్లా సలేహ్ " మిలటరీ, సెక్యూరిటీ ఫోర్సులో పనిచేయడం కొనసాగించాడు.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="ఎ.క్యూ.ఎ.పి"><span id=".E0.B0.8E..E0.B0.95.E0.B1.8D.E0.B0.AF.E0.B1.82..E0.B0.8E..E0.B0.AA.E0.B0.BF"></span>ఎ.క్యూ.ఎ.పి</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D&action=edit&section=43&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="విభాగాన్ని మార్చు: ఎ.క్యూ.ఎ.పి" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>మార్చు</span> </a> </span> </div> <p><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2012?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2012">2012లో</a> అధ్యక్షుని నివాసం మీద జరిగిన ఆత్మాహుతి దాడికి ఎ.క్యూ.ఎ.పి బాధ్యత వహించింది. అధ్యక్షుడు హదీ పదవీ ప్రమాణం చేస్తున్న సమయంలో జదిగిన ఈ దాడిలో 26 మంది రిపబ్లిక గార్డులు మరణించారు. తరువాత ఎ.క్యూ.ఎ.పి జరిపిన దాడిలో 96 మంది సైనికులు మరణించారు. 2012 సెప్టెంబరున సనాలో జరిగిన కారుబాంబు దాడిలో 11 మంది పౌరులు మరణించారు. తరువాత దినం దక్షిణ ప్రాంతంలో ఉన్న అల్- కొయిదా నాయకుడు " సైద్ అల్-షిహ్రీ " మరణించాడని వార్తలు వివరించాయి.ఎ.క్యూ.ఎ.పి యెమనీ పౌరుల మీద సాగించిన హింసాత్మక దాడులకు వ్యతిరేకంగా జరిపిన పోరాటంలో యు.ఎస్. మిలటరీ ప్రమేయం ఉందని భావించబడింది.<sup id="cite_ref-228" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-228"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>228<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> తరువాత నిర్వహించిన ఎన్నికలలో అబ్ద్ రబ్బుహ్ మంసూర్ హదీ " అధ్యక్షపీఠం అధిష్ఠించాడు. యెమనీ సైన్యం అంసర్ అల్-సరియాను తొలగించి షబ్వా గవర్నరేటును తిరిగి స్వాధీనం చేసుకుంది.</p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82:Destroyed_house_in_the_south_of_Sanaa_12-6-2015-3.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Destroyed_house_in_the_south_of_Sanaa_12-6-2015-3.jpg/220px-Destroyed_house_in_the_south_of_Sanaa_12-6-2015-3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4128" data-file-height="3096"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Destroyed_house_in_the_south_of_Sanaa_12-6-2015-3.jpg/220px-Destroyed_house_in_the_south_of_Sanaa_12-6-2015-3.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Destroyed_house_in_the_south_of_Sanaa_12-6-2015-3.jpg/330px-Destroyed_house_in_the_south_of_Sanaa_12-6-2015-3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Destroyed_house_in_the_south_of_Sanaa_12-6-2015-3.jpg/440px-Destroyed_house_in_the_south_of_Sanaa_12-6-2015-3.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Saudi_Arabian-led_intervention_in_Yemen&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Saudi-led air strike</a> on Sana'a, 12 June 2015: Saudi Arabia is operating <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=War_of_aggression&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="War of aggression (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">without a UN mandate</a>. </figcaption> </figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="హౌతీ_తిరుగుబాటు"><span id=".E0.B0.B9.E0.B1.8C.E0.B0.A4.E0.B1.80_.E0.B0.A4.E0.B0.BF.E0.B0.B0.E0.B1.81.E0.B0.97.E0.B1.81.E0.B0.AC.E0.B0.BE.E0.B0.9F.E0.B1.81"></span>హౌతీ తిరుగుబాటు</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D&action=edit&section=44&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="విభాగాన్ని మార్చు: హౌతీ తిరుగుబాటు" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>మార్చు</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>దక్షిణప్రాంత వేర్పాటు వాదులు, హౌతీస్ (షియా తిరుగుబాటుదారులు) , ఎ.క్యూ.ఎ.పి సవాళ్ళను ఎదుర్కొనడంలో విఫలమైన కారణంగా సనాలోని కేంద్రప్రభుత్వం బలహీనపడింది.హదీ అధికారం చేపట్టిన తరువాత షియా విప్లవం తీవ్రమైంది. 2014 సెప్టెంబరున ప్రభుత్వ వ్యతిరేక శక్తులు " అబ్దుల్- మాలిక్ అల్- హౌతీ " నాయకత్వంలో " జరిపిన పోరాటం సమైక్య ప్రభుత్వ ఏర్పాటుకు దారితీసింది.<sup id="cite_ref-229" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-229"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>229<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ప్రభుత్వంలో భాగస్వామ్యం వహించడానికి హౌతీలు నిరాకరించారు.<sup id="cite_ref-230" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-230"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>230<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> అయినప్పటికీ వారు హదీ ప్రభుత్వం, మంత్రివర్గం మీద వత్తిడి అధికం చేసి అధ్యక్షనివాసంలో ప్రవేశించి అధ్యక్షుని గృహనిర్భంధంలో ఉంచారు. <sup id="cite_ref-231" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-231"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>231<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2015?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2015">2015</a> జనవరిలో ప్రభుత్వం రాజీనామా చేసింది.<sup id="cite_ref-232" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-232"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>232<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> తరువాత మాసంలో హౌతీస్ పార్లమెంటును రద్దు చేసాడు. 2014-15 మొహమ్మద్ అలీ అల్-హౌతీ నాయకత్వంలో రివల్యూషనరీ కమిటీ రూపొందించబడి అధికారం బదిలీ చేయబడింది. కొత్త తాత్కాలిక ప్రభుత్వానికి అధ్యక్షుని కజిన్ సోదరుడు అబ్దుల్ మాలిక్ అల్- హౌతీ తిరుగుబాటుకు పిలుపునిచ్చాడు. 2015 ఫిబ్రవరి 6న ప్రకటించిన " కాంస్టిట్యూషనల్ డిక్లరేషన్ " రాజకీయ నాయకులు, విదేశీప్రభుత్వాలు, ఐక్యరాజ్యసమితి చేత నిరాకరించబడింది.<sup id="cite_ref-glorious_23-1" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-glorious-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="హదీ"><span id=".E0.B0.B9.E0.B0.A6.E0.B1.80"></span>హదీ</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D&action=edit&section=45&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="విభాగాన్ని మార్చు: హదీ" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>మార్చు</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>ఫిబ్రవరి 21న హదీ సనా నుండి తన స్వంత ఊరైన ఆడెన్కు పారిపోయాడు.<sup id="cite_ref-withdraw_233-0" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-withdraw-233"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>233<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> తరువాత మాసం ఆయన ఆడెన్ నగరాన్ని యెమన్ రాజధానిగా ప్రకటించాడు.<sup id="cite_ref-aden_dw_234-0" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-aden_dw-234"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>234<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-235" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-235"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>235<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> గల్ఫ్ కోపరేషన్ ప్రోత్సాహంతో హౌతీలు వెనుకకు వచ్చి ఆడెన్ వైపు కదిలారు. యు.ఎస్. చెందిన వారిని అందరినీ దేశం నుండి వెలుపలికి పంపి అధ్యక్షుడు హదీని సౌదీ అరేబియాకు పారిపోయేలా చేసారు. మార్చి 26 న సౌదీ అరేబియా " అల్- హజ్మ్ స్టోం " ప్రకటించి వాయుమార్గ దాడులను చేసింది. తరువాత హౌతీలకు వ్యతిరేకంగా సైనిక కూటమిలో చేరడానికి ప్రయత్నాలు మొదలుపెట్టింది. కూటమిలో <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%88%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="కువైట్">కువైట్</a>, యునైటెడ్ అరబ్ ఎమిరేట్స్, <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="కతర్">కతర్</a>, <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%B9%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="బహ్రయిన్">బహ్రయిన్</a>,<a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="జోర్డాన్">జోర్డాన్</a>,<a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8A%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="మొరాకో">మొరాకో</a>,<a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="సుడాన్ (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">సుడాన్</a>,<a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%88%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ఈజిప్ట్">ఈజిప్ట్</a>, <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="పాకిస్తాన్">పాకిస్తాన్</a> దేశాలు భాగస్వామ్యం వహించాయి. యునైటెడ్ స్టేట్స్ ఇంటెలిజెంస్, టార్గెటింగ్, లాజిస్టిక్స్ మార్గదర్శకం చేస్తామని ప్రకటించింది.హదీ బృందాలు ఆడెన్ను హౌతీల నుండి స్వాధీనం చేసుకున్నది.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="ఆర్ధికం"><span id=".E0.B0.86.E0.B0.B0.E0.B1.8D.E0.B0.A7.E0.B0.BF.E0.B0.95.E0.B0.82"></span>ఆర్ధికం</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D&action=edit&section=46&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="విభాగాన్ని మార్చు: ఆర్ధికం" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>మార్చు</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82:Yemen_Export_Treemap.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Yemen_Export_Treemap.png/350px-Yemen_Export_Treemap.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="273" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="750"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 350px;height: 273px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Yemen_Export_Treemap.png/350px-Yemen_Export_Treemap.png" data-width="350" data-height="273" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Yemen_Export_Treemap.png/525px-Yemen_Export_Treemap.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Yemen_Export_Treemap.png/700px-Yemen_Export_Treemap.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> A proportional representation of Yemen's exports. </figcaption> </figure> <p>యెమన్ జి.డి.పి. 61.63 బిలియన్ల అమెరికన్ డాలర్లు. తలసరి ఆదాయం 2.500 అమెరికన్ డాలర్లు. ఇందులో సేవారంగం 61.4%, పారిశ్రామిక రంగం 30.9%, వ్యవసాయం 7.7% భాగస్వామ్యం వహిస్తున్నాయి. పెట్రోలియం జి.డి.పి.లో 25%, ప్రభుత్వ ఆదాయంలో 63% భాగస్వామ్యం వహిస్తుంది. <sup id="cite_ref-CIA_236-0" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-CIA-236"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>236<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> గతంలో వ్యవసాయం జి.డి.పి.లో 18-27%, భాగస్వామ్యం వహిస్తుండగా ప్రస్తుతం గ్రామీణప్రజలు వలసలు, ఇతర కారణాలతో వ్యవసాయరంగంలో మార్పులు సంభవించాయి.<sup id="cite_ref-237" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-237"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>237<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> దేశం ధాన్యాలు, పండ్లు, పప్పులు, ఖాట్, కాఫీ, పాలౌత్పత్తులు, చేపలు, పెంపుడు జంతువులు (గొర్రెలు, పశువులు,మేకలు, ఒంటేలు), కోళ్ళ పరిశ్రమ ప్రధానమైనవి. <sup id="cite_ref-CIA_236-1" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-CIA-236"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>236<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82:Coffee_Plantation_1.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Coffee_Plantation_1.jpg/300px-Coffee_Plantation_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 300px;height: 225px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Coffee_Plantation_1.jpg/300px-Coffee_Plantation_1.jpg" data-width="300" data-height="225" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Coffee_Plantation_1.jpg/450px-Coffee_Plantation_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Coffee_Plantation_1.jpg/600px-Coffee_Plantation_1.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> A coffee plantation in North Yemen. </figcaption> </figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="వ్యవసాయం"><span id=".E0.B0.B5.E0.B1.8D.E0.B0.AF.E0.B0.B5.E0.B0.B8.E0.B0.BE.E0.B0.AF.E0.B0.82"></span>వ్యవసాయం</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D&action=edit&section=47&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="విభాగాన్ని మార్చు: వ్యవసాయం" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>మార్చు</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>యెమనీలు అధికంగా వ్యవసాయరంగంలో ఉపాధి పొందుతూ ఉన్నారు. ప్రధానంగా జొన్నలు పండించబడుతున్నాయి. పత్తి, పండ్లు తోటలు కూడా ఉన్నాయి. మామిడి పంట అత్యంత విలువైనదిగా భావించబడుతుంది. యెమన్లో పండించబడుతున్న ఖాట్ అనే మాదకద్రవ్యం పంట కొరకు సనానదీమైదానంలో 40% నీరు ఉపయోగించబడుతుంది. ఇది ఇంకా అధికరించవచ్చని భావిస్తున్నారు. సనా నదీమైదానంలో ప్రధాన వ్యవసాయ పంటలు ఎండి పోతున్న కారణంగా వాటి వాటి స్థానంలో వేరు పంటలు పండించబడుతున్నాయి. ఫలితంగా ఆహారధాన్యాల ధరలు అధికరిస్తున్నాయి. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2008?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2008">2008లో</a> ఆహారపంటల ధరలు అధికరించిన కారణంగా అదనంగా 6% పేదరికం అధికరించిందని భావిస్తున్నారు. <sup id="cite_ref-QatProduction_238-0" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-QatProduction-238"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>238<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ప్రభుత్వం, దావూద్ బొహ్రా కమ్యూనిటీ కలిసి ఖాట్ బదులుగా కాఫీ తోటలు అభివృద్ధి చేయాలని ప్రయత్నం ఆరంభం అయ్యాయి.<sup id="cite_ref-239" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-239"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>239<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="పారిశ్రామిక_రంగం"><span id=".E0.B0.AA.E0.B0.BE.E0.B0.B0.E0.B0.BF.E0.B0.B6.E0.B1.8D.E0.B0.B0.E0.B0.BE.E0.B0.AE.E0.B0.BF.E0.B0.95_.E0.B0.B0.E0.B0.82.E0.B0.97.E0.B0.82"></span>పారిశ్రామిక రంగం</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D&action=edit&section=48&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="విభాగాన్ని మార్చు: పారిశ్రామిక రంగం" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>మార్చు</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>యమనీ పారిశ్రామిక రంగానికి క్రూడాయిల్, పెట్రోలియం రిఫైనింగ్ కేంద్రంగా ఉంది. హస్థకళలు, స్మాల్ - స్కేల్ ప్రొడక్షన్ ద్వారా పత్తి -, వస్త్రాల తయారీ ఉత్పత్తి, తోలు వస్తువులు, అల్యూమినియం ఉత్పత్తులు, కమర్షియల్ షిప్ రిపేర్, సిమెంట్, సహజవాయువు ఉత్పత్తి చేయబడుతున్నాయి. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2013?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2013">2013</a> గణాంకాల ఆధారంగా యెమన్ పారిశ్రామిక రంగం 4.8% అభివృద్ధి చెందిందని భావిస్తున్నారు.<sup id="cite_ref-CIA_236-2" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-CIA-236"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>236<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> యెమన్లో పెద్ద మొత్తంలో సహజవాయువు నిల్వలు ఉన్నాయని కనుగొనబడింది. <sup id="cite_ref-240" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-240"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>240<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> యెమన్ మొదటి " లిక్విడ్ నేచురల్ గ్యాస్ ప్లాంట్ " 2009 అక్టోబరు నుండి ఉత్పత్తిని ప్రారంభించింది.</p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82:Souq@Sana%27a.JPG?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Souq%40Sana%27a.JPG/300px-Souq%40Sana%27a.JPG" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 300px;height: 225px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Souq%40Sana%27a.JPG/300px-Souq%40Sana%27a.JPG" data-width="300" data-height="225" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Souq%40Sana%27a.JPG/450px-Souq%40Sana%27a.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Souq%40Sana%27a.JPG/600px-Souq%40Sana%27a.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> A <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Souq&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Souq (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Souq</a> in <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Old_Sana'a&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Old Sana'a (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Old Sana'a</a>. </figcaption> </figure> <p><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2013?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2013">2013</a> గణాంకాల ఆధారంగా యెమన్లో 7 మిలియన్ల మంది శ్రామికులు ఉన్నారని భావిస్తున్నారు. సేవారంగం, పరిశ్రమలు, నిర్మాణరంగం, కామర్స్ కలిసి 25% కంటే తక్కువగా భాగస్వామ్యం వహిస్తున్నాయి. 2003 గణాంలా ఆధారంగా నిరుద్యోగం 35% ఉందని భావిస్తున్నారు.<sup id="cite_ref-CIA_236-3" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-CIA-236"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>236<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="ఎగుమతులు"><span id=".E0.B0.8E.E0.B0.97.E0.B1.81.E0.B0.AE.E0.B0.A4.E0.B1.81.E0.B0.B2.E0.B1.81"></span>ఎగుమతులు</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D&action=edit&section=49&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="విభాగాన్ని మార్చు: ఎగుమతులు" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>మార్చు</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>యెమన్ మొత్తం ఎగుమతులు 694 బిలియన్ల అమెరికన్ డాలర్లు. ఎగుమతులలో క్రూడాయిల్, కాఫీ, ఎండిన ఉప్పు చేపలు, లిక్విఫైడ్ నేచురల్ గ్యాస్ ప్రధాన్యత కలిగి ఉన్నాయి. యెమన్ నుండి <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%9A%E0%B1%88%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="చైనా">చైనా</a> (41%),<a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%A5%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="థాయిలాండ్">థాయిలాండ్</a> (19.2%, <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AD%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%B6%E0%B0%82?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="భారతదేశం">భారతదేశం</a> (11%), <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B7%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A3_%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8A%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="దక్షిణ కొరియా">దక్షిణ కొరియా</a> (4.4%) దేశాలకు ఎగుమతి చేయబడుతున్నాయి. యెమన్ దిగుమతులు 10.97% బిలియన్లు.యెమన్ ప్రధానంగా మెషినరీ అండ్ ఎక్విప్మెంటు, ఫుడ్ స్టఫ్, పెంపుడు జంతువులు రసాయనాలను దిగుమతి చేసుకుంటున్నది. యెమన్ ఇ.యు. (48.8%, యు.ఎ.ఇ. 9.8%, స్విడ్జర్లాండ్ (8.8%),<a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%9A%E0%B1%88%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="చైనా">చైనా</a> (7.4%), భారతదేశం (5.8%) నుండి ప్రధానంగా దిగుమతి చేసుకుంటున్నది.<sup id="cite_ref-CIA_236-4" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-CIA-236"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>236<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82:Yemen_06.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Yemen_06.jpg/300px-Yemen_06.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="209" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1678" data-file-height="1169"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 300px;height: 209px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Yemen_06.jpg/300px-Yemen_06.jpg" data-width="300" data-height="209" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Yemen_06.jpg/450px-Yemen_06.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Yemen_06.jpg/600px-Yemen_06.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Drilling for oil in Yemen using a land rig. </figcaption> </figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="ఆర్ధిక_ప్రణాళిక"><span id=".E0.B0.86.E0.B0.B0.E0.B1.8D.E0.B0.A7.E0.B0.BF.E0.B0.95_.E0.B0.AA.E0.B1.8D.E0.B0.B0.E0.B0.A3.E0.B0.BE.E0.B0.B3.E0.B0.BF.E0.B0.95"></span>ఆర్ధిక ప్రణాళిక</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D&action=edit&section=50&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="విభాగాన్ని మార్చు: ఆర్ధిక ప్రణాళిక" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>మార్చు</span> </a> </span> </div> <p><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2013?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2013">2013</a> గణాంకాలను అనుసరించి యెమనీ ప్రభుత్వ ఆర్థికప్రణాళికలో 7.769 బిలియన్ల అమెరికన్ డాలర్ల ఆదాయం, 12.31 అమెరికన్ డాలర్ల వ్యయం భాగంగా ఉన్నాయి. దేశ జి.డి.పి.లో పన్నులద్వారా, ఇతర ఆదాయం 17.7% లభిస్తుంది. లోటు బడ్జెట్ 10.3%. పబ్లిక్ ౠణం 47.1% జి.డి.పి.లో భాగస్వామ్యం వహిస్తున్నాయి.<a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2013?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2013">2013లో</a> యెమన్ విదేశీద్రవ్యం, బంగారం నిల్వల విలువ 5.538 బిలియన్ల అమెరికన్ డాలర్లు. ద్రవ్యోల్భణం 11.8%. యెమన్ ఎక్ష్టర్నల్ ౠణం 7.806 బిలియన్ల అమెరికన్ డాలర్లు. <sup id="cite_ref-CIA_236-5" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-CIA-236"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>236<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1950">1950</a> మద్యకాలంలో సోవియట్ యూనియన్, చైనా యెమన్కు బృహత్తర సహాయం అందించింది. ఉదాహరణగా చైనా, యునైటెడ్ స్టేట్స్ " సనా విమానాశ్రయం " విస్తరణలో పాల్గొన్నాయి. దక్షిణప్రాంతంలో నౌకాశ్రయనగరం ఆడేన్ ఆర్థికాభివృద్ధికి అత్యుత్సాహంగా దృష్టిని కేంద్రీకరించాయి. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1967?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1967">1967లో</a> ఆడెన్ నగరం నుండి బ్రిటన్ వెళ్ళగానే సూయజ్ కాలువమూతపడిన తరువాత నౌకాశ్రయంతో సంబంధించిన సముద్ర ఆధారిత వాణిజ్యం పతనం అయింది.యుద్ధం నిర్ణయించబడిన తరువాత ప్రభుత్వం " ఇంటర్నేషనల్ మానిటరీ ఫండ్ " స్ట్రక్చరల్ అడ్జస్ట్మెంటు అమలుకు అంగీకరించింది. మొదటివిడత ప్రోగ్రాంలో ఫైనాషియల్ అండ్ మానిటరీ సంస్కరణలు, కరెంసీ, బడ్జెట్ లోటును తగ్గించడం, రాయితీలను తగ్గించడం మొదలైన కార్యక్రమాలు చోటుచేసుకున్నాయి. రెండవ విడత ప్రోగ్రాంలో సివిల్ సర్వీస్ సంస్కరణలు చోటుచేసుకున్నాయి.</p> <p><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1995?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1995">1995లో</a> ప్రభుత్వం వరల్డ్ బ్యాంక్, ఐ.ఎం.ఎఫ్. అలాగే ఇంటర్నేషనల్ డోనర్ల మద్దతుతో ఎకనమిక్, ఫైనాంషియల్, అడ్మినిస్ట్రేటివ్ సంస్కరణలు చేపట్టింది. ఈ సంస్కరణలు అనికూలస్పందన కలిగించి బడ్జెట్ లోటు 3% తగ్గింది. మైక్రో ఫైనాంస్ అసమతుల్యత సరిదిద్దబడింది.<sup id="cite_ref-241" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-241"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>241<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1995-1997 మద్య కాలం నాన్- ఆయిల్ రంగంలో 5.6% అభివృద్ధి సాధ్యపడింది.<sup id="cite_ref-242" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-242"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>242<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="నీటిసరఫరా"><span id=".E0.B0.A8.E0.B1.80.E0.B0.9F.E0.B0.BF.E0.B0.B8.E0.B0.B0.E0.B0.AB.E0.B0.B0.E0.B0.BE"></span>నీటిసరఫరా</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D&action=edit&section=51&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="విభాగాన్ని మార్చు: నీటిసరఫరా" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>మార్చు</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <p>యెమన్ ప్రధాన సమస్యలలో నీటి కొరత (ప్రధానంగా కొండప్రాంతాలలో) ఒకటి.<sup id="cite_ref-243" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-243"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>243<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> రెండవ ప్రధాన సమస్య అత్యంత అధికమైన పేదరికం. అరబ్ ప్రపంచంలో పేదరికం, అత్యంత నీటికొరత సమస్యను ఎదుర్కొంటున్న ఏకైకదేశం యెమన్. మూడవ సమస్య పరిమితంగా ఉన్న ఇంఫ్రాస్ట్రక్చర్. సరాసరిగా దినసరి నీటిసరఫరా 140 క్యూబిక్ మీటర్లు (101 దినసరి గ్యాలెన్లు). మిడిల్ ఈస్ట్ సరాసరి 1000 క్యూబిక్ మీటర్లు. <sup id="cite_ref-244" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-244"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>244<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> యెమన్ భూగర్భజలాలు నీటి అవసరాలకు ప్రధాన నీటివనరుగా ఉంది. అయినప్పటికీ భూగర్భజలాలు క్రమంగా అంతరించిపోతూ యమన్ను జలరహిత దేశంగా మార్చుతూఉన్నాయి. 1970లో సనా నగరంలో భూగర్భజలాలు 30 మీటర్ల లోతున ఉండేవి. 2012 నాటికి అవి 1200 మీటర్ల లోతుకు చేరుకున్నాయి. యెమన్ ప్రభుత్వం భూగర్భజలాల రెగ్యులేటరీ బాధ్యత వహించడం లేదు.<sup id="cite_ref-IRIN_245-0" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-IRIN-245"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>245<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> తిరుగుబాటుకు ముందుగానే నిపుణులు యెమన్ " ఫస్ట్ కంట్రీ రన్ ఔట్ ఆఫ్ వాటర్ "గా మారుతుందని హెచ్చరించారు. <sup id="cite_ref-Time_Ecocentric_246-0" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Time_Ecocentric-246"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>246<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> యెమన్ వ్యవసాయరగం 90% జలాలను వినియోగం చేస్తుంది. వ్యవసాయం జి.డి.పి.లో 6% మాత్రమే భాగస్వామ్యం వహిస్తుంది. యెమనీ ప్రజలు అధికంగా చిన్నతరహా వ్యవసాయం మీద ఆధారపడుతుంటారు. వ్యవసాయంలో సగభాగం జలం ఖాట్ పండించడానికి ఉపయోగించబడుతుంది. దీనిని అత్యధికమైన యెమనీ ప్రజలు వాడుతుంటారు. సగంమంది ప్రజలు ఆహారలోపంతో బాధపడుతుంటారు. ఎవరికీ ఆహారం అందించలేని పంట అభివృద్ధికి 45% జలం ఉపయోగించబడుతుంది.<sup id="cite_ref-IRIN_245-1" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-IRIN-245"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>245<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 2015 యెమన్ అంతర్యుద్ధం 80% యెమనీ ప్రజలు త్రాగడానికీ , స్నానం చేయడానికి తగిన నీరు లభించక బాధపడుతున్నారు. బాంబుదాడి కారణంగా చాలామంది యెమనీలు తమతమ నివాసాలను వదలి ఇతర ప్రాంతాలకు వెళ్ళారు. అందుకని ఆప్రదేశాలలో బావుల మీద అధికవత్తిడి చేరింది.<sup id="cite_ref-WaPo_247-0" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-WaPo-247"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>247<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="గణాంకాలు"><span id=".E0.B0.97.E0.B0.A3.E0.B0.BE.E0.B0.82.E0.B0.95.E0.B0.BE.E0.B0.B2.E0.B1.81"></span>గణాంకాలు</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D&action=edit&section=52&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="విభాగాన్ని మార్చు: గణాంకాలు" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>మార్చు</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82:Yemen-demography.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Yemen-demography.png/350px-Yemen-demography.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="206" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="725" data-file-height="426"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 350px;height: 206px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Yemen-demography.png/350px-Yemen-demography.png" data-width="350" data-height="206" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Yemen-demography.png/525px-Yemen-demography.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Yemen-demography.png/700px-Yemen-demography.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Yemen's population (1961-2008). Yemen has a growth rate of 3.46% (2008 est.)<sup id="cite_ref-cia_248-0" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-cia-248"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>248<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </figcaption> </figure> <p><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2014?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2014">2014</a> గణాంకాలను అనుసరించి యెమన్ జనసంఖ్య 24 మిలియన్లు. వీరిలో 15 సంవత్సరాల లోపు వారు 46%, 65 సంవత్సరాలకు పైబడిన వారు 2.7% ఉన్నారు. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1950">1950</a> లో యెమన్ జనసంఖ్య 4.3%.<sup id="cite_ref-249" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-249"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>249<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-250" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-250"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>250<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 2050 నాటికి జనసంఖ్య 60 మిలియన్లకు చేరుకుంటుందని భావిస్తున్నారు.<sup id="cite_ref-251" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-251"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>251<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> యెమన్ ఫర్టిలిటీ రేట్ అత్యధికంగా ఉంటుంది. ఇది ప్రపంచంలో 30 వ స్త్యానంలో ఉంది.<sup id="cite_ref-252" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-252"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>252<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> సనా జనసంఖ్య 1978 నుండి 55,000 నుండి వేగవంతంగా అభివృద్ధి చెందింది.<sup id="cite_ref-253" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-253"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>253<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 21 శతాబ్ధానికి ఈ సంఖ్య 2 మిలియన్లకు చేరుకుంది.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="సంప్రదాయ_సమూహాలు"><span id=".E0.B0.B8.E0.B0.82.E0.B0.AA.E0.B1.8D.E0.B0.B0.E0.B0.A6.E0.B0.BE.E0.B0.AF_.E0.B0.B8.E0.B0.AE.E0.B1.82.E0.B0.B9.E0.B0.BE.E0.B0.B2.E0.B1.81"></span>సంప్రదాయ సమూహాలు</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D&action=edit&section=53&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="విభాగాన్ని మార్చు: సంప్రదాయ సమూహాలు" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>మార్చు</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82:Yemen_ethno_2002.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Yemen_ethno_2002.jpg/350px-Yemen_ethno_2002.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="363" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="951" data-file-height="985"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 350px;height: 363px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Yemen_ethno_2002.jpg/350px-Yemen_ethno_2002.jpg" data-width="350" data-height="363" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Yemen_ethno_2002.jpg/525px-Yemen_ethno_2002.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Yemen_ethno_2002.jpg/700px-Yemen_ethno_2002.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Yemen's <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%82:Yemeni_tribes&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="వర్గం:Yemeni tribes (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">tribal areas</a> and Shia/Sunni regions. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Shia_Muslims&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Shia Muslims (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Shia Muslims</a> predominant in the green area of Yemen's West, with the rest of Yemen being <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Sunni_Muslim&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Sunni Muslim (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Sunni Muslim</a>s. </figcaption> </figure> <p>సంప్రదాయపరంగా యెమనీ ప్రజలలో అరేబియన్లు ప్రధస్థానంలో ఉండగా ద్వీతీయ స్థానంలో అఫ్రో-అరబ్బులు, తరువాత స్థానాలలో దక్షిణాసియన్లు , యురేపియన్లు ఉన్నారు.<sup id="cite_ref-CIA_236-6" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-CIA-236"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>236<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> యెమన్ దక్షిణ , ఉత్తర ప్రాంతాలను స్థాపించిన తరువాత అల్పసంఖ్యాక ప్రజలు అధికంగా యెమన్ వదిలి వెళ్ళారు.<sup id="cite_ref-254" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-254"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>254<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> యెమన్లో స్థానిక ప్రజలు అధికంగా ఉన్నారు.<sup id="cite_ref-255" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-255"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>255<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ఉత్తరంలో ఉన్న పర్వతప్రాంతాలలో 400 జేదీతెగలకు చెందిన ప్రజలు ఉన్నారు.<sup id="cite_ref-256" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-256"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>256<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> నగరప్రాంతాలలో " అల్- అఖ్డం " వంటి వారసత్వ జాతి సమూహాలు ఉన్నాయి.<sup id="cite_ref-Lehmann_257-0" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Lehmann-257"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>257<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> దేశంలో యెమనీ పర్షియన్లు కూడా నివసిస్తున్నారు. 10 వ శతాబ్ధం నుండి పర్షియన్లు ఆడెన్ నగరంలో అధికంగా నివసిస్తున్నారని భావిస్తున్నారు. <sup id="cite_ref-258" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-258"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>258<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-259" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-259"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>259<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ప్రంపంచంలోని ఇతర యూదులకు వ్యత్యాసమైన సంప్రదాయంతో గణినీయమైన యూదులు ఒకప్పుడు యెమన్లో నివసించే వారు.<sup id="cite_ref-260" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-260"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>260<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> వీరిలో చాలామంది " జూయిష్ ఎక్షోడస్, ఆపరేష మాజిక్ కార్పొరేట్ " తరువాత 20వ శతాబ్ధంలో <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%87%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ఇజ్రాయిల్">ఇజ్రాయిల్</a> కు వలసవెళ్ళారు.<sup id="cite_ref-261" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-261"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>261<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ఆడెన్, ములక్కా, షిహ్ర్, లహాజ్, మొఖ , హొడేడాహ్ పరిసరాలలో 1,00,000 మంది భారతీయ సంతతికి చెందిన వారు నివసిస్తున్నారని భావిస్తున్నారు.<sup id="cite_ref-262" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-262"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>262<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%87%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%B7%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ఇండోనేషియా">ఇండోనేషియా</a>, <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="సింగపూర్">సింగపూర్</a>,<a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%B7%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="మలేషియా">మలేషియా</a> దేశాలలో నివసిస్తున్న అరబ్ సంతతికి చెందిన హధ్రామీ ప్రజలకు మూలం యెమన్లోని హద్రామవ్త్ అని భావిస్తున్నారు.<sup id="cite_ref-263" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-263"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>263<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ప్రస్తుతం సింగపూర్లో 10,000 మంది హద్రామీలు నివసిస్తున్నారు.<sup id="cite_ref-264" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-264"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>264<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> హద్రామీలు ఆగ్నేయ ఆసియా, తూర్పు ఆఫ్రికా , భారతీయ ఉపఖండానికి వలసవెళ్ళారు. యెమన్లో నివసిస్తున్న అరబ్ బెడూయిన్ తెగలకు చెందిన మాక్విల్ ప్రజలు <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%88%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ఈజిప్ట్">ఈజిప్ట్</a> మీదుగా పశ్చిమప్రాంతానికి తరలివెళ్ళారు. యెమనీ అరేబియన్లు దక్షిణప్రాంతాల ద్వారా మౌరిటానియాకు వెళ్ళారు. 17వ శతాబ్ధంలో వీరు దేశంలో ఆధిఖ్యత కలిగి ఉండేవారు. వారు <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8A%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="మొరాకో">మొరాకో</a> , <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%85%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="అల్జీరియా">అల్జీరియా</a> మొదలైన ఉత్తర ఆఫ్రికా దేశాలను స్థాపించారు.<sup id="cite_ref-265" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-265"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>265<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> అరేబియన్ ద్వీపకల్పంలో 1951 , 1967 మద్యకాలంలో శరణార్ధులకు ఆశ్రయం ఇచ్చిన ఏకైక దేశంగా యెమన్ అంతర్జాతీయ గుర్తింపు పొందింది. <sup id="cite_ref-Jonathan_Fowler_266-0" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Jonathan_Fowler-266"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>266<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2007?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2007">2007</a> లో యెమన్ 1,24,000 మంది శరణార్ధులకు ఆశ్రయం ఇచ్చింది. శరణార్ధులలో అధికంగా <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="సోమాలియా">సోమాలియాకు</a> చెందిన 1,10,600, <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%87%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ఇరాక్">ఇరాక్కు</a> చెందిన 11,000, ఎథియోపియాకు చెందిన 2,000,<sup id="cite_ref-World_Refugee_Survey_2008_267-0" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-World_Refugee_Survey_2008-267"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>267<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="సిరియా">సిరియాకు</a> చెందిన మంది ప్రజలు ఉన్నారు. <sup id="cite_ref-268" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-268"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>268<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> కలహాల కారణంగా 3,34,000 మంది యెమనీ ప్రజలు దేశీయంగా స్థానచలనం అయ్యారు.<sup id="cite_ref-Jonathan_Fowler_266-1" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Jonathan_Fowler-266"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>266<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> విదేశాలలో ఉద్యోగం చేస్తున్న యెమన్ ప్రజలు అధికంగా సౌదీ అరేబియాలో నివసిస్తున్నారు. ఇక్కడ 8,00,000 నుండి ఒక మిలియన్ ప్రజలు నివసిస్తున్నారు.<sup id="cite_ref-269" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-269"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>269<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> యునైటెడ్ కింగ్డంలో 70,000 నుండి 80,000 వరకు యెమనీ ప్రజలు నివసిస్తున్నారని అంచనా.<sup id="cite_ref-270" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-270"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>270<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="భాషలు"><span id=".E0.B0.AD.E0.B0.BE.E0.B0.B7.E0.B0.B2.E0.B1.81"></span>భాషలు</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D&action=edit&section=54&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="విభాగాన్ని మార్చు: భాషలు" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>మార్చు</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>ఆధునిక స్థాయి అరబిక్ యెమన్ అధికారభాషగా ఉంది. యెమనీ అరబిక్. అరబిక్ బలోచి భాష పలు ప్రాంతీయ యాసలతో కలగలిపి వాడుకలో ఉంది. అల్ మహ్రాహ్ గవర్నరేట్, సొకోత్రా ద్వీపం, ఆధునిక సౌత్ అరేబియన్ భాషలు వాడుకలో ఉన్నాయి.<sup id="cite_ref-271" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-271"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>271<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-272" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-272"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>272<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> బధిరులకు " యెమినీ సైన్ భాష " వాడుకలో ఉంది. సౌత్ సెమిటిక్ భాషలకు యెమన్ జన్మస్థానంగా ఉంది. వీటిలో అత్యధికంగా (70,000 మంది సంభాషణదారులు) వాడుకలో ఉన్న భాష మెహ్రీ. మెహ్రా పేరుతో స్థానిక జాతి ప్రజలు కూడా యెమన్లో నివసిస్తున్నారు.సొకోత్రా ద్వీపంలో సొక్వోత్రి భాష (57,000 మంది వాడుకరులు) వాడుకలో ఉంది.<sup id="cite_ref-273" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-273"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>273<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> " ఓల్డ్ సౌత్ అరేబియన్ " భాషలకు యెమన్ జన్మస్థానం. వీటిలో రజిహీ భాష మాత్రమే ప్రస్తుతం ఉనికిలో ఉంది. అత్యంత ప్రాధాన్యం కలిగిన విదేశీభాషలలో ఆంగ్లభాష ప్రధమస్థానంలో ఉంది.<sup id="cite_ref-274" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-274"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>274<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> దేశంలో గణనీయమైన సంఖ్యలో రష్యాభాష వాడుకలో ఉంది. 1970-1980 మద్య యెమనీ రష్యనుల వర్ణాంతర వివాహాలు సంభవించాయి.రాజధాని సనా నగరంలో కొంతమందిలో(చిన్న సమూహం) చాం భాష వాడుకలో ఉంది.<a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1970?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1970">1970</a> లో వియత్నాం నుండి వలస వచ్చిన ప్రజలతో ఇది దేశంలో ప్రవేశించిందని భావిస్తున్నారు.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="మతం"><span id=".E0.B0.AE.E0.B0.A4.E0.B0.82"></span>మతం</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D&action=edit&section=55&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="విభాగాన్ని మార్చు: మతం" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>మార్చు</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="notheme barbox tright" style="overflow-x: auto;"> <div style="border:1px solid silver; font-size:88%; padding:0.4em; width:auto; background: white; color: black;"> <table style="text-align:left; border-collapse:collapse; width:100%;"> <tbody> <tr style="background:#ddd"> <th style="text-align:center;" colspan="5">Yemen Religions<sup id="cite_ref-275" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-275"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>275<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th> </tr> <tr style="font-size:88%; height:4px;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; text-align:left;"></td> <td style="width:100px; text-align:left;"></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; width:1em; text-align:right;"></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left:0.4em;padding-right:0.4em;min-width:8em">Islam</td> <td style="width:100px;border-left:solid 1px silver;border-right:solid 1px silver;"> <div style="background:green; width:99%; overflow:hidden"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left:0.4em;padding-right:0.4em" align="right">99%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left:0.4em;padding-right:0.4em;min-width:8em">other/unknown</td> <td style="width:100px;border-left:solid 1px silver;border-right:solid 1px silver;"> <div style="background:grey; width:1%; overflow:hidden"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left:0.4em;padding-right:0.4em" align="right">1%</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> <p>" ఇంటర్నేషనల్ రిలీజియస్ ఫ్రీడం రిపోర్ట్ " ఆధారంగా యమన్లో రెండు శాఖలకు చెందిన ముస్లిములు ఉన్నారు.వీరిలో 60%-65% సున్నీ ముస్లిములు.షియా ముస్లిములు 35%-40% ఉన్నారు.<sup id="cite_ref-276" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-276"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>276<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ఆరంభకాలంలో సున్నీలను షఫీ అనేవారు. తరువాత కాలంలో మాలిక్ , హంబలీలతో కలిసి సున్నీ ముస్లిములుగా వ్యవహరించబడుతున్నారు.ఆరంభంలో షియాలు జైదీల నుండి మొదలైనా క్రమంగా ఈ మతంలో అల్పసంఖ్యాక ట్వెల్వర్ ప్రజలు,<sup id="cite_ref-UNHRC_277-0" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-UNHRC-277"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>277<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-278" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-278"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>278<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> , ఇస్మాయిలీ ప్రజలు ఉన్నారు.<sup id="cite_ref-UNHRC_277-1" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-UNHRC-277"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>277<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> సున్నీలు దక్షిణ , ఆగ్నేయ భూభాగంలో అధికంగా ఉన్నారు. జైదీలు ఉత్తరం , ఈశాన్య ప్రాంతంలో ఉన్నారు. సనా , మారిబ్ వంటి ప్రధాన కేంద్రాలలో ఇస్మాయిల్ ప్రజలు ఉన్నారు. పెద్ద నగరాలలో మిశ్రిత జాతుల ప్రజలు నివసిస్తున్నారు. యెమనీ ప్రజలలో ముస్లిమేతర ప్రజలు 1% మాత్రమే ఉన్నారు. వీరిలో క్రైస్తవులు, యూదులు, <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8B_%E0%B0%B9%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%82?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="యెమెన్లో హిందూమతం">హిందువులు</a>, నాస్తికులు ఉన్నారు.<sup id="cite_ref-279" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-279"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>279<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ఎమిరేట్కు చెందిన క్రైస్తవుల సంఖ్య 25,000- <sup id="cite_ref-us_280-0" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-us-280"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>280<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 41,000 ఉన్నారు.<sup id="cite_ref-Guide:_Christians_in_the_Middle_East_281-0" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Guide:_Christians_in_the_Middle_East-281"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>281<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2015?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2015">2015</a> నుండి ముస్లిం పూర్వీకతతో క్రైవంలో విశ్వాసం కలిగిన ప్రజలు ఉన్నారని భావిస్తున్నారు.<sup id="cite_ref-282" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-282"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>282<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> యెమన్లో 50 మంది యూదులు నివసిస్తున్నారు.సమీపకాలంలో " జ్యూస్ ఏజెంసీ " సంస్థ 200 మంది యూదులను యమన్ నుండి <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%87%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ఇజ్రాయిల్">ఇజ్రాయిల్కు</a> తీసుకువచ్చారని భావిస్తున్నారు.<sup id="cite_ref-283" class="reference"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-283"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>283<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="వెలుపలి_లింకులు"><span id=".E0.B0.B5.E0.B1.86.E0.B0.B2.E0.B1.81.E0.B0.AA.E0.B0.B2.E0.B0.BF_.E0.B0.B2.E0.B0.BF.E0.B0.82.E0.B0.95.E0.B1.81.E0.B0.B2.E0.B1.81"></span>వెలుపలి లింకులు</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D&action=edit&section=56&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="విభాగాన్ని మార్చు: వెలుపలి లింకులు" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>మార్చు</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <div class="navbox-styles"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3795437">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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.navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="మూలాలు"><span id=".E0.B0.AE.E0.B1.82.E0.B0.B2.E0.B0.BE.E0.B0.B2.E0.B1.81"></span>మూలాలు</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D&action=edit&section=57&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="విభాగాన్ని మార్చు: మూలాలు" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>మార్చు</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Daniel McLaughlin <i>Yemen: The Bradt Travel Guide</i> p.3</span></li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r4342780">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#2C882D;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911F}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{color:#f8a397}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{color:#f8a397}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911F}}</style><cite id="CITEREFRobert_D._Burrowes2010" class="citation book cs1">Robert D. Burrowes (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/historicaldictio02edburr_k0x8"><i>Historical Dictionary of Yemen</i></a>. Rowman & Littlefield. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/historicaldictio02edburr_k0x8/page/319">319</a>. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/0810855283?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/0810855283"><bdi>0810855283</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+Yemen&rft.pages=319&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=0810855283&rft.au=Robert+D.+Burrowes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoricaldictio02edburr_k0x8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFSt._John_Simpson2002" class="citation book cs1">St. John Simpson (2002). <i>Queen of Sheba: treasures from ancient Yemen</i>. British Museum Press. p. 8. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/0714111511?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/0714111511"><bdi>0714111511</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Queen+of+Sheba%3A+treasures+from+ancient+Yemen&rft.pages=8&rft.pub=British+Museum+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0714111511&rft.au=St.+John+Simpson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFKenneth_Anderson_Kitchen2003" class="citation book cs1">Kenneth Anderson Kitchen (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/onreliabilityold00kitc"><i>On the Reliability of the Old Testament</i></a>. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/onreliabilityold00kitc/page/116">116</a>. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/0802849601?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/0802849601"><bdi>0802849601</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=On+the+Reliability+of+the+Old+Testament&rft.pages=116&rft.pub=Wm.+B.+Eerdmans+Publishing&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0802849601&rft.au=Kenneth+Anderson+Kitchen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fonreliabilityold00kitc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFYaakov_Kleiman2004" class="citation book cs1">Yaakov Kleiman (2004). <i>DNA & Tradition: The Genetic Link to the Ancient Hebrews</i>. Devora Publishing. p. 70. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/1930143893?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/1930143893"><bdi>1930143893</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=DNA+%26+Tradition%3A+The+Genetic+Link+to+the+Ancient+Hebrews&rft.pages=70&rft.pub=Devora+Publishing&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=1930143893&rft.au=Yaakov+Kleiman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFMarta_Colburn2002" class="citation book cs1">Marta Colburn (2002). <i>The Republic of Yemen: Development Challenges in the 21st Century</i>. CIIR. p. 13. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/1852872497?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/1852872497"><bdi>1852872497</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Republic+of+Yemen%3A+Development+Challenges+in+the+21st+Century&rft.pages=13&rft.pub=CIIR&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=1852872497&rft.au=Marta+Colburn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFKarl_R._DeRouenUk_Heo2007" class="citation book cs1">Karl R. DeRouen; Uk Heo (2007). <i>Civil Wars of the World: Major Conflicts Since World War II, Volume 1</i>. ABC-CLIO. p. 810. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/1851099190?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/1851099190"><bdi>1851099190</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Civil+Wars+of+the+World%3A+Major+Conflicts+Since+World+War+II%2C+Volume+1&rft.pages=810&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=1851099190&rft.au=Karl+R.+DeRouen&rft.au=Uk+Heo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006081422/http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/PROJECTS/0,,contentMDK:20170449~menuPK:64282138~pagePK:41367~piPK:279616~theSitePK:40941,00.html">"Yemen: World Bank Projects To Promote Water Conservation, Enhance Access To Infrastructure And Services For Poor"</a>. World Bank. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/PROJECTS/0,,contentMDK:20170449~menuPK:64282138~pagePK:41367~piPK:279616~theSitePK:40941,00.html">the original</a> on 6 అక్టోబరు 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 February</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Yemen%3A+World+Bank+Projects+To+Promote+Water+Conservation%2C+Enhance+Access+To+Infrastructure+And+Services+For+Poor&rft.pub=World+Bank&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweb.worldbank.org%2FWBSITE%2FEXTERNAL%2FPROJECTS%2F0%2C%2CcontentMDK%3A20170449~menuPK%3A64282138~pagePK%3A41367~piPK%3A279616~theSitePK%3A40941%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.today/20170311102152/http://www.unocha.org/romena/about-us/about-ocha-regional/yemen">"ఆర్కైవ్ నకలు"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.unocha.org/romena/about-us/about-ocha-regional/yemen">the original</a> on 2017-03-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-11-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E0%B0%86%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%88%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%8D+%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unocha.org%2Fromena%2Fabout-us%2Fabout-ocha-regional%2Fyemen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFLaura_Etheredge2011" class="citation book cs1">Laura Etheredge (2011). <i>Saudi Arabia and Yemen</i>. The Rosen Publishing Group. p. 137. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/1615303359?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/1615303359"><bdi>1615303359</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Saudi+Arabia+and+Yemen&rft.pages=137&rft.pub=The+Rosen+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=1615303359&rft.au=Laura+Etheredge&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFBurrowes" class="citation web cs1">Burrowes, Robert. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20170616171932/http://www.yementimes.com/en/1550/opinion/488/Why-most-Yemenis-should-despise--ex-president-Ali-Abdullah-Saleh.htm">"Why Most Yemenis Should Despise Ex-president Ali Abdullah Saleh"</a>. <i>Yemen Times</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.yementimes.com/en/1550/opinion/488/Why-most-Yemenis-should-despise--ex-president-Ali-Abdullah-Saleh.htm">the original</a> on 16 జూన్ 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Yemen+Times&rft.atitle=Why+Most+Yemenis+Should+Despise+Ex-president+Ali+Abdullah+Saleh&rft.aulast=Burrowes&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yementimes.com%2Fen%2F1550%2Fopinion%2F488%2FWhy-most-Yemenis-should-despise--ex-president-Ali-Abdullah-Saleh.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/mps-expenses/6589735/Transparency-Internationals-2009-corruption-index-the-full-ranking-of-180-countries.html">"Transparency International's 2009 corruption index: the full ranking of 180 countries"</a>. Transparency international. 17 November 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 February</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Transparency+International%27s+2009+corruption+index%3A+the+full+ranking+of+180+countries&rft.pub=Transparency+international&rft.date=2009-11-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fnewstopics%2Fmps-expenses%2F6589735%2FTransparency-Internationals-2009-corruption-index-the-full-ranking-of-180-countries.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFGinny_HillPeter_SalisburyLéonie_NorthedgeJane_Kinninmont2013" class="citation web cs1">Ginny Hill; Peter Salisbury; Léonie Northedge; Jane Kinninmont (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20180419183827/https://www.chathamhouse.org/sites/files/chathamhouse/public/Research/Middle">"Yemen: Corruption, Capital Flight and Global Drivers of Conflict"</a>. <i>Chatham House</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.chathamhouse.org/sites/files/chathamhouse/public/Research/Middle%2520East/0913r_yemen.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 19 ఏప్రిల్ 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 October</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Chatham+House&rft.atitle=Yemen%3A+Corruption%2C+Capital+Flight+and+Global+Drivers+of+Conflict&rft.date=2013&rft.au=Ginny+Hill&rft.au=Peter+Salisbury&rft.au=L%C3%A9onie+Northedge&rft.au=Jane+Kinninmont&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chathamhouse.org%2Fsites%2Ffiles%2Fchathamhouse%2Fpublic%2FResearch%2FMiddle%2520East%2F0913r_yemen.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20150407021704/http://www.islamopediaonline.org/country-profile/yemen/political-landscape/islah-party">"The Islah Party"</a>. <i><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Islamopedia_Online&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Islamopedia Online (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Islamopedia Online</a></i>. 13 December 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.islamopediaonline.org/country-profile/yemen/political-landscape/islah-party">the original</a> on 7 ఏప్రిల్ 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 October</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Islamopedia+Online&rft.atitle=The+Islah+Party&rft.date=2012-12-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.islamopediaonline.org%2Fcountry-profile%2Fyemen%2Fpolitical-landscape%2Fislah-party&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFPeter_W._Wilson1994" class="citation book cs1">Peter W. Wilson (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/saudiarabiacomin0000wils_j3u9"><i>Saudi Arabia:The Coming Storm</i></a>. M.E. Sharpe. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/saudiarabiacomin0000wils_j3u9/page/129">129</a>. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/9780765633477?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/9780765633477"><bdi>9780765633477</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Saudi+Arabia%3AThe+Coming+Storm&rft.pages=129&rft.pub=M.E.+Sharpe&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=9780765633477&rft.au=Peter+W.+Wilson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsaudiarabiacomin0000wils_j3u9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFGinny_HillPeter_SalisburyLéonie_NorthedgeJane_Kinninmont2013" class="citation web cs1">Ginny Hill; Peter Salisbury; Léonie Northedge; Jane Kinninmont (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20180419183827/https://www.chathamhouse.org/sites/files/chathamhouse/public/Research/Middle">"Yemen: Corruption, Capital Flight and Global Drivers of Conflict"</a>. <i>Chatham House</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.chathamhouse.org/sites/files/chathamhouse/public/Research/Middle%2520East/0913r_yemen.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 19 ఏప్రిల్ 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 October</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Chatham+House&rft.atitle=Yemen%3A+Corruption%2C+Capital+Flight+and+Global+Drivers+of+Conflict&rft.date=2013&rft.au=Ginny+Hill&rft.au=Peter+Salisbury&rft.au=L%C3%A9onie+Northedge&rft.au=Jane+Kinninmont&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chathamhouse.org%2Fsites%2Ffiles%2Fchathamhouse%2Fpublic%2FResearch%2FMiddle%2520East%2F0913r_yemen.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_R._Bradley2012" class="citation book cs1">John R. Bradley (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/afterarabspringh0000brad"><i>After the Arab Spring: How Islamists Hijacked The Middle East Revolts</i></a>. Macmillan. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/afterarabspringh0000brad/page/113">113</a>. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/9780230393660?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/9780230393660"><bdi>9780230393660</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=After+the+Arab+Spring%3A+How+Islamists+Hijacked+The+Middle+East+Revolts&rft.pages=113&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9780230393660&rft.au=John+R.+Bradley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fafterarabspringh0000brad&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFBernard_Haykel2011" class="citation web cs1"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Bernard_Haykel&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Bernard Haykel (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Bernard Haykel</a> (14 June 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/67892/bernard-haykel/saudi-arabias-yemen-dilemma">"Saudi Arabia's Yemen Dilemma:How to Manage an Unruly Client State"</a>. <i>Foreign Affairs</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 October</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Foreign+Affairs&rft.atitle=Saudi+Arabia%27s+Yemen+Dilemma%3AHow+to+Manage+an+Unruly+Client+State&rft.date=2011-06-14&rft.au=Bernard+Haykel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.foreignaffairs.com%2Farticles%2F67892%2Fbernard-haykel%2Fsaudi-arabias-yemen-dilemma&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFSarah_Phillips2008" class="citation book cs1">Sarah Phillips (2008). <i>Yemen's Democracy Experiment in Regional Perspective</i>. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 99. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/9780230616486?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/9780230616486"><bdi>9780230616486</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Yemen%27s+Democracy+Experiment+in+Regional+Perspective&rft.pages=99&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9780230616486&rft.au=Sarah+Phillips&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Gelvin-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Gelvin_20-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFJames_L._Gelvin2012" class="citation book cs1">James L. Gelvin (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/arabuprisingswha0000gelv"><i>The Arab Uprisings: What Everyone Needs to Know</i></a>. Oxford University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/arabuprisingswha0000gelv/page/68">68</a>. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/019989177X?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/019989177X"><bdi>019989177X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Arab+Uprisings%3A+What+Everyone+Needs+to+Know&rft.pages=68&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=019989177X&rft.au=James+L.+Gelvin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Farabuprisingswha0000gelv&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFMareike_Transfeld2014" class="citation web cs1">Mareike Transfeld (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20141021042202/http://muftah.org/houthis-successful-yemen/%23.VCicqfldWSo">"Capturing Sanaa: Why the Houthis Were Successful in Yemen"</a>. <i>Muftah</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://muftah.org/houthis-successful-yemen/%23.VCicqfldWSo">the original</a> on 21 అక్టోబరు 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 October</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Muftah&rft.atitle=Capturing+Sanaa%3A+Why+the+Houthis+Were+Successful+in+Yemen&rft.date=2014&rft.au=Mareike+Transfeld&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmuftah.org%2Fhouthis-successful-yemen%2F%23.VCicqfldWSo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFSilvana_Toska2014" class="citation web cs1">Silvana Toska (26 September 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/monkey-cage/wp/2014/09/26/shifting-balances-of-power-in-yemens-crisis/">"Shifting balances of power in Yemen's crisis"</a>. <i>The Washington Post</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 October</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Shifting+balances+of+power+in+Yemen%27s+crisis&rft.date=2014-09-26&rft.au=Silvana+Toska&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fblogs%2Fmonkey-cage%2Fwp%2F2014%2F09%2F26%2Fshifting-balances-of-power-in-yemens-crisis%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-glorious-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-glorious_23-0">23.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-glorious_23-1">23.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2015/02/houthi-leader-vows-defend-glorious-revolution-150207145038603.html">"Houthi leader vows to defend 'glorious revolution'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. Al Jazeera. 8 February 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Houthi+leader+vows+to+defend+%27glorious+revolution%27&rft.date=2015-02-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2015%2F02%2Fhouthi-leader-vows-defend-glorious-revolution-150207145038603.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Daniel McLaughlin <i>Yemen: The Bradt Travel Guide</i> p.4</span></li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-25">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFDavid_Hatcher_Childress1989" class="citation book cs1">David Hatcher Childress (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/lostcitiesancien00davi"><i>Lost Cities & Ancient Mysteries of Africa & Arabia</i></a>. Adventures Unlimited Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/lostcitiesancien00davi/page/223">223</a>. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/0932813062?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/0932813062"><bdi>0932813062</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lost+Cities+%26+Ancient+Mysteries+of+Africa+%26+Arabia&rft.pages=223&rft.pub=Adventures+Unlimited+Press&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=0932813062&rft.au=David+Hatcher+Childress&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flostcitiesancien00davi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-26">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFKenneth_Anderson_Kitchen2003" class="citation book cs1">Kenneth Anderson Kitchen (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/onreliabilityold00kitc"><i>On the Reliability of the Old Testament</i></a>. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/onreliabilityold00kitc/page/594">594</a>. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/0802849601?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/0802849601"><bdi>0802849601</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=On+the+Reliability+of+the+Old+Testament&rft.pages=594&rft.pub=Wm.+B.+Eerdmans+Publishing&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0802849601&rft.au=Kenneth+Anderson+Kitchen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fonreliabilityold00kitc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-27">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFGeoffrey_W._Bromiley" class="citation book cs1">Geoffrey W. Bromiley. <i>The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia</i>. Vol. 4. p. 254. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/0802837840?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/0802837840"><bdi>0802837840</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+International+Standard+Bible+Encyclopedia&rft.pages=254&rft.isbn=0802837840&rft.au=Geoffrey+W.+Bromiley&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-28">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFNicholas_Clapp2002" class="citation book cs1">Nicholas Clapp (2002). <i>Sheba: Through the Desert in Search of the Legendary Queen</i>. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. p. 204. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/0618219269?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/0618219269"><bdi>0618219269</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sheba%3A+Through+the+Desert+in+Search+of+the+Legendary+Queen&rft.pages=204&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin+Harcourt&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0618219269&rft.au=Nicholas+Clapp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-29">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFP._M._HoltPeter_Malcolm_HoltAnn_K._S._LambtonBernard_Lewis1977" class="citation book cs1">P. M. Holt; Peter Malcolm Holt; Ann K. S. Lambton; Bernard Lewis (21 April 1977). <i>The Cambridge History of Islam</i>. Cambridge University Press. p. 7.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+History+of+Islam&rft.pages=7&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1977-04-21&rft.au=P.+M.+Holt&rft.au=Peter+Malcolm+Holt&rft.au=Ann+K.+S.+Lambton&rft.au=Bernard+Lewis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-30">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFKorotayev1995" class="citation book cs1"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Korotayev&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Korotayev (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Korotayev</a>, Andrey (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/ancientyemensome0000koro"><i>Ancient Yemen: some general trends of evolution of the Sabaic language and Sabaean culture</i></a>. Oxford: Oxford University Press. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/0-19-922237-1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/0-19-922237-1"><bdi>0-19-922237-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ancient+Yemen%3A+some+general+trends+of+evolution+of+the+Sabaic+language+and+Sabaean+culture&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=0-19-922237-1&rft.aulast=Korotayev&rft.aufirst=Andrey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fancientyemensome0000koro&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-31">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Daniel McLaughlin <i>Yemen: The Bradt Travel Guide</i> p.5 2007</span></li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-32">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFJerry_R._RogersGlenn_Owen_BrownJürgen_Garbrecht2004" class="citation book cs1">Jerry R. Rogers; Glenn Owen Brown; Jürgen Garbrecht (1 January 2004). <i>Water Resources and Environmental History</i>. ASCE Publications. p. 36. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/0784475504?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/0784475504"><bdi>0784475504</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Water+Resources+and+Environmental+History&rft.pages=36&rft.pub=ASCE+Publications&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.isbn=0784475504&rft.au=Jerry+R.+Rogers&rft.au=Glenn+Owen+Brown&rft.au=J%C3%BCrgen+Garbrecht&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-33">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFWerner_Daum1987" class="citation book cs1">Werner Daum (1987). <i>Yemen: 3000 Years of Art and Civilization in Arabia Felix</i>. Pinguin-Verlag. p. 73. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/3701622922?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/3701622922"><bdi>3701622922</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Yemen%3A+3000+Years+of+Art+and+Civilization+in+Arabia+Felix&rft.pages=73&rft.pub=Pinguin-Verlag&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=3701622922&rft.au=Werner+Daum&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-34">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203080802/http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/online_tours/middle_east/ancient_south_arabia/the_kingdoms_of_ancient_south.aspx">"The kingdoms of ancient South Arabia"</a>. <i>British Museum</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/online_tours/middle_east/ancient_south_arabia/the_kingdoms_of_ancient_south.aspx">the original</a> on 3 డిసెంబరు 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 February</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=British+Museum&rft.atitle=The+kingdoms+of+ancient+South+Arabia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britishmuseum.org%2Fexplore%2Fonline_tours%2Fmiddle_east%2Fancient_south_arabia%2Fthe_kingdoms_of_ancient_south.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-35">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFJawād_ʻAlī1968" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script">Jawād ʻAlī (1968) [Digitized 17 February 2007]. <bdi lang="ar">الـمـفـصـّل في تـاريـخ العـرب قبـل الإسـلام</bdi> [<i>Detailed history of Arabs before Islam</i>] (in Arabic). Vol. 2. Dār al-ʻIlm lil-Malāyīn. p. 19.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%80%D9%85%D9%80%D9%81%D9%80%D8%B5%D9%80%D9%91%D9%84+%D9%81%D9%8A+%D8%AA%D9%80%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%80%D8%AE+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%80%D8%B1%D8%A8+%D9%82%D8%A8%D9%80%D9%84+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%80%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85&rft.pages=19&rft.pub=D%C4%81r+al-%CA%BBIlm+lil-Mal%C4%81y%C4%ABn&rft.date=1968&rft.au=Jaw%C4%81d+%CA%BBAl%C4%AB&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B8:Cite_book?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="మూస:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (<a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%82:CS1_maint:_unrecognized_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="వర్గం:CS1 maint: unrecognized language">link</a>)</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-36">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFGeorge_Hatke2013" class="citation book cs1">George Hatke (2013). <i>Aksum and Nubia: Warfare, Commerce, and Political Fictions in Ancient Northeast Africa</i>. NYU Press. p. 19. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/0814762832?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/0814762832"><bdi>0814762832</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Aksum+and+Nubia%3A+Warfare%2C+Commerce%2C+and+Political+Fictions+in+Ancient+Northeast+Africa&rft.pages=19&rft.pub=NYU+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=0814762832&rft.au=George+Hatke&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-37">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFTeshale_Tibebu1995" class="citation book cs1">Teshale Tibebu (1995). <i>The making of modern Ethiopia: 1896–1974</i>. Lawrenceville, NJ: Red Sea Press. p. xvii. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/1569020019?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/1569020019"><bdi>1569020019</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+making+of+modern+Ethiopia%3A+1896%E2%80%931974&rft.pages=xvii&rft.pub=Lawrenceville%2C+NJ%3A+Red+Sea+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=1569020019&rft.au=Teshale+Tibebu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-38">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFPeter_R._Schmidt2006" class="citation book cs1">Peter R. Schmidt (2006). <i>Historical Archaeology in Africa: Representation, Social Memory, and Oral Traditions</i>. Rowman Altamira. p. 281. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/0759114153?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/0759114153"><bdi>0759114153</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Archaeology+in+Africa%3A+Representation%2C+Social+Memory%2C+and+Oral+Traditions&rft.pages=281&rft.pub=Rowman+Altamira&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0759114153&rft.au=Peter+R.+Schmidt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-39">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFAli_Aldosari2007" class="citation book cs1">Ali Aldosari (2007). <i>Middle East, Western Asia, and Northern Africa</i>. Marshall Cavendish. p. 24. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/0761475710?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/0761475710"><bdi>0761475710</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Middle+East%2C+Western+Asia%2C+and+Northern+Africa&rft.pages=24&rft.pub=Marshall+Cavendish&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=0761475710&rft.au=Ali+Aldosari&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-40">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFD._T._Potts2012" class="citation book cs1">D. T. Potts (2012). <i>A Companion to the Archaeology of the Ancient Near East</i>. John Wiley & Sons. p. 1047. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/1405189886?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/1405189886"><bdi>1405189886</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Companion+to+the+Archaeology+of+the+Ancient+Near+East&rft.pages=1047&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=1405189886&rft.au=D.+T.+Potts&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-41">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFAvraham_NegevShimon_Gibson2005" class="citation book cs1">Avraham Negev; Shimon Gibson (2005). <i>Archaeological Encyclopedia of the Holy Land</i>. Continuum. p. 137. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/0826485715?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/0826485715"><bdi>0826485715</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Archaeological+Encyclopedia+of+the+Holy+Land&rft.pages=137&rft.pub=Continuum&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0826485715&rft.au=Avraham+Negev&rft.au=Shimon+Gibson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-42">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFLionel_Casson2012" class="citation book cs1">Lionel Casson (2012). <i>The Periplus Maris Erythraei: Text with Introduction, Translation, and Commentary</i>. Princeton University Press. p. 150. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/1400843200?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/1400843200"><bdi>1400843200</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Periplus+Maris+Erythraei%3A+Text+with+Introduction%2C+Translation%2C+and+Commentary&rft.pages=150&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=1400843200&rft.au=Lionel+Casson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-43">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFPeter_Richardson1999" class="citation book cs1">Peter Richardson (1999). <i>Herod: King of the Jews and Friend of the Romans</i>. Continuum. p. 230. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/0567086755?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/0567086755"><bdi>0567086755</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Herod%3A+King+of+the+Jews+and+Friend+of+the+Romans&rft.pages=230&rft.pub=Continuum&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0567086755&rft.au=Peter+Richardson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-44">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFHârun_Yahya1999" class="citation book cs1">Hârun Yahya (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/perishednations0000yahy"><i>Perished Nations</i></a>. Global Yayincilik. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/perishednations0000yahy/page/115">115</a>. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/1897940874?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/1897940874"><bdi>1897940874</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Perished+Nations&rft.pages=115&rft.pub=Global+Yayincilik&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=1897940874&rft.au=H%C3%A2run+Yahya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fperishednations0000yahy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-45">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFJan_Retso2013" class="citation book cs1">Jan Retso (2013). <i>The Arabs in Antiquity: Their History from the Assyrians to the Umayyads</i>. Routledge. p. 402. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/1136872825?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/1136872825"><bdi>1136872825</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Arabs+in+Antiquity%3A+Their+History+from+the+Assyrians+to+the+Umayyads&rft.pages=402&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=1136872825&rft.au=Jan+Retso&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-46">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFClifford_Edmund_Bosworth1989" class="citation book cs1">Clifford Edmund Bosworth (1989). <i>The Encyclopedia of Islam</i>. Vol. 6. Brill Archive. p. 561. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/9004090827?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/9004090827"><bdi>9004090827</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+Islam&rft.pages=561&rft.pub=Brill+Archive&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=9004090827&rft.au=Clifford+Edmund+Bosworth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-47">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFStuart_Munro-Hay2002" class="citation book cs1">Stuart Munro-Hay (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/ethiopiaunknownl0000munr"><i>Ethiopia, the Unknown Land: A Cultural and Historical Guide</i></a>. I.B.Tauris. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/ethiopiaunknownl0000munr/page/236">236</a>. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/1860647448?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/1860647448"><bdi>1860647448</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ethiopia%2C+the+Unknown+Land%3A+A+Cultural+and+Historical+Guide&rft.pages=236&rft.pub=I.B.Tauris&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=1860647448&rft.au=Stuart+Munro-Hay&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fethiopiaunknownl0000munr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-48">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFG._Johannes_BotterweckHelmer_Ringgren1979" class="citation book cs1">G. Johannes Botterweck; Helmer Ringgren (1979). <i>Theological Dictionary of the Old Testament</i>. Vol. 3. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. p. 448. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/0802823270?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/0802823270"><bdi>0802823270</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Theological+Dictionary+of+the+Old+Testament&rft.pages=448&rft.pub=Wm.+B.+Eerdmans+Publishing&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=0802823270&rft.au=G.+Johannes+Botterweck&rft.au=Helmer+Ringgren&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-49">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFJawād_ʻAlī1968" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script">Jawād ʻAlī (1968) [Digitized 17 February 2007]. <bdi lang="ar">الـمـفـصـّل في تـاريـخ العـرب قبـل الإسـلام</bdi> [<i>Detailed history of Arabs before Islam</i>] (in Arabic). Vol. 2. Dār al-ʻIlm lil-Malāyīn. p. 482.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%80%D9%85%D9%80%D9%81%D9%80%D8%B5%D9%80%D9%91%D9%84+%D9%81%D9%8A+%D8%AA%D9%80%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%80%D8%AE+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%80%D8%B1%D8%A8+%D9%82%D8%A8%D9%80%D9%84+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%80%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85&rft.pages=482&rft.pub=D%C4%81r+al-%CA%BBIlm+lil-Mal%C4%81y%C4%ABn&rft.date=1968&rft.au=Jaw%C4%81d+%CA%BBAl%C4%AB&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B8:Cite_book?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="మూస:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (<a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%82:CS1_maint:_unrecognized_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="వర్గం:CS1 maint: unrecognized language">link</a>)</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-50">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFAlbert_Jamme1962" class="citation book cs1">Albert Jamme (1962). <i>Inscriptions From Mahram Bilqis (Marib)</i>. Baltimore. p. 392.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Inscriptions+From+Mahram+Bilqis+%28Marib%29&rft.pages=392&rft.pub=Baltimore&rft.date=1962&rft.au=Albert+Jamme&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-51">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFDieter_VogelSusan_James1990" class="citation book cs1">Dieter Vogel; Susan James (1990). <i>Yemen</i>. APA Publications. p. 34.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Yemen&rft.pages=34&rft.pub=APA+Publications&rft.date=1990&rft.au=Dieter+Vogel&rft.au=Susan+James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-52">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFKlaus_Schippmann2001" class="citation book cs1">Klaus Schippmann (2001). <i>Ancient South Arabia: from the Queen of Sheba to the advent of Islam</i>. Markus Wiener Publishers. pp. 52–53. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/1558762361?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/1558762361"><bdi>1558762361</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ancient+South+Arabia%3A+from+the+Queen+of+Sheba+to+the+advent+of+Islam&rft.pages=52-53&rft.pub=Markus+Wiener+Publishers&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=1558762361&rft.au=Klaus+Schippmann&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-53">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFFrancis_E._Peters1994" class="citation book cs1">Francis E. Peters (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/muhammadorigins00pete"><i>Muhammad and the Origins of Islam</i></a>. SUNY Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/muhammadorigins00pete/page/48">48</a>. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/0791418758?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/0791418758"><bdi>0791418758</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Muhammad+and+the+Origins+of+Islam&rft.pages=48&rft.pub=SUNY+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=0791418758&rft.au=Francis+E.+Peters&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmuhammadorigins00pete&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-54">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFScott_Johnson2012" class="citation book cs1">Scott Johnson (1 November 2012). <i>The Oxford Handbook of Late Antiquity</i>. Oxford University Press. p. 265. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/0195336933?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/0195336933"><bdi>0195336933</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Handbook+of+Late+Antiquity&rft.pages=265&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2012-11-01&rft.isbn=0195336933&rft.au=Scott+Johnson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Shlomo_Sand_p.193-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Shlomo_Sand_p.193_55-0">55.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Shlomo_Sand_p.193_55-1">55.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFShlomo_Sand2010" class="citation book cs1">Shlomo Sand (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/inventionofjewi00sand"><i>The Invention of the Jewish People</i></a>. Verso. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/inventionofjewi00sand/page/193">193</a>. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/9781844676231?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/9781844676231"><bdi>9781844676231</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Invention+of+the+Jewish+People&rft.pages=193&rft.pub=Verso&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9781844676231&rft.au=Shlomo+Sand&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Finventionofjewi00sand&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-56">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFY._M._Abdallah1987" class="citation book cs1">Y. M. Abdallah (1987). <i>The Inscription CIH 543: A New Reading Based on the Newly-Found Original in C. Robin & M. Bafaqih (Eds.) Sayhadica: Recherches Sur Les Inscriptions De l’Arabie Préislamiques Offertes Par Ses Collègues Au Professeur A.F.L. Beeston</i>. Paris: Librairie Orientaliste Paul Geuthner S.A. pp. 4–5.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Inscription+CIH+543%3A+A+New+Reading+Based+on+the+Newly-Found+Original+in+C.+Robin+%26+M.+Bafaqih+%28Eds.%29+Sayhadica%3A+Recherches+Sur+Les+Inscriptions+De+l%E2%80%99Arabie+Pr%C3%A9islamiques+Offertes+Par+Ses+Coll%C3%A8gues+Au+Professeur+A.F.L.+Beeston&rft.place=Paris&rft.pages=4-5&rft.pub=Librairie+Orientaliste+Paul+Geuthner+S.A.&rft.date=1987&rft.au=Y.+M.+Abdallah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-57">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFRaphael_PataiJennifer_Patai1989" class="citation book cs1">Raphael Patai; Jennifer Patai (1989). <i>The Myth of the Jewish Race</i>. Wayne State University Press. p. 63. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/0814319483?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/0814319483"><bdi>0814319483</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Myth+of+the+Jewish+Race&rft.pages=63&rft.pub=Wayne+State+University+Press&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=0814319483&rft.au=Raphael+Patai&rft.au=Jennifer+Patai&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-58">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFUwidah_Metaireek_Al-Juhany2002" class="citation book cs1">Uwidah Metaireek Al-Juhany (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/najdbeforesalafi0000alju"><i>Najd before the Salafi reform movement: social, political and religious conditions during the three centuries preceding the rise of the Saudi state</i></a>. Ithaca Press. p. 171. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/0863724019?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/0863724019"><bdi>0863724019</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Najd+before+the+Salafi+reform+movement%3A+social%2C+political+and+religious+conditions+during+the+three+centuries+preceding+the+rise+of+the+Saudi+state&rft.pages=171&rft.pub=Ithaca+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0863724019&rft.au=Uwidah+Metaireek+Al-Juhany&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnajdbeforesalafi0000alju&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-59">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFScott_Johnson2012" class="citation book cs1">Scott Johnson (1 November 2012). <i>The Oxford Handbook of Late Antiquity</i>. Oxford University Press. p. 266. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/0195336933?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/0195336933"><bdi>0195336933</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Handbook+of+Late+Antiquity&rft.pages=266&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2012-11-01&rft.isbn=0195336933&rft.au=Scott+Johnson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Scott_Johnson_282-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Scott_Johnson_282_60-0">60.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Scott_Johnson_282_60-1">60.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Scott_Johnson_282_60-2">60.2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFScott_Johnson2012" class="citation book cs1">Scott Johnson (1 November 2012). <i>The Oxford Handbook of Late Antiquity</i>. Oxford University Press. p. 282. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/0195336933?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/0195336933"><bdi>0195336933</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Handbook+of+Late+Antiquity&rft.pages=282&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2012-11-01&rft.isbn=0195336933&rft.au=Scott+Johnson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-61">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFIrfan_Shahîd1989" class="citation book cs1">Irfan Shahîd (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/byzantium-and-the-arabs-in-the-fifth-century_202102"><i>Byzantium and the Arabs in the Fifth Century</i></a>. Dumbarton Oaks. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/byzantium-and-the-arabs-in-the-fifth-century_202102/page/n65">65</a>. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/0884021521?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/0884021521"><bdi>0884021521</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Byzantium+and+the+Arabs+in+the+Fifth+Century&rft.pages=65&rft.pub=Dumbarton+Oaks&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=0884021521&rft.au=Irfan+Shah%C3%AEd&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbyzantium-and-the-arabs-in-the-fifth-century_202102&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Ken_Blady_p.9-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Ken_Blady_p.9_62-0">62.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Ken_Blady_p.9_62-1">62.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFKen_Blady2000" class="citation book cs1">Ken Blady (2000). <i>Jewish Communities in Exotic Places</i>. Jason Aronson. p. 9. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/146162908X?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/146162908X"><bdi>146162908X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jewish+Communities+in+Exotic+Places&rft.pages=9&rft.pub=Jason+Aronson&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=146162908X&rft.au=Ken+Blady&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-63">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFEric_Maroney2010" class="citation book cs1">Eric Maroney (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/otherzionslosthi0000maro"><i>The Other Zions: The Lost Histories of Jewish Nations</i></a>. Rowman & Littlefield. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/otherzionslosthi0000maro/page/94">94</a>. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/1442200456?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/1442200456"><bdi>1442200456</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Other+Zions%3A+The+Lost+Histories+of+Jewish+Nations&rft.pages=94&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=1442200456&rft.au=Eric+Maroney&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fotherzionslosthi0000maro&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-64">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFD._W._Phillipson2012" class="citation book cs1">D. W. Phillipson (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/foundationsofafr0000phil"><i>Foundations of an African Civilisation: Aksum and the Northern Horn, 1000 BC – AD 1300</i></a>. Boydell & Brewer Ltd. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/foundationsofafr0000phil/page/204">204</a>. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/1847010415?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/1847010415"><bdi>1847010415</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Foundations+of+an+African+Civilisation%3A+Aksum+and+the+Northern+Horn%2C+1000+BC+%E2%80%93+AD+1300&rft.pages=204&rft.pub=Boydell+%26+Brewer+Ltd&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=1847010415&rft.au=D.+W.+Phillipson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffoundationsofafr0000phil&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Angelika_Neuwirth_p.49-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Angelika_Neuwirth_p.49_65-0">65.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Angelika_Neuwirth_p.49_65-1">65.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFAngelika_NeuwirthNicolai_SinaiMichael_Marx2010" class="citation book cs1">Angelika Neuwirth; Nicolai Sinai; Michael Marx (2010). <i>The Quran in Context: Historical and Literary Investigations Into the Quranic Milieu</i>. BRILL. p. 49. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/9004176888?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/9004176888"><bdi>9004176888</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Quran+in+Context%3A+Historical+and+Literary+Investigations+Into+the+Quranic+Milieu&rft.pages=49&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9004176888&rft.au=Angelika+Neuwirth&rft.au=Nicolai+Sinai&rft.au=Michael+Marx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Scott_Johnson_293-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Scott_Johnson_293_66-0">66.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Scott_Johnson_293_66-1">66.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Scott_Johnson_293_66-2">66.2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFScott_Johnson2012" class="citation book cs1">Scott Johnson (1 November 2012). <i>The Oxford Handbook of Late Antiquity</i>. Oxford University Press. p. 293. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/0195336933?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/0195336933"><bdi>0195336933</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Handbook+of+Late+Antiquity&rft.pages=293&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2012-11-01&rft.isbn=0195336933&rft.au=Scott+Johnson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-67">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFScott_Johnson2012" class="citation book cs1">Scott Johnson (1 November 2012). <i>The Oxford Handbook of Late Antiquity</i>. Oxford University Press. p. 285. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/0195336933?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/0195336933"><bdi>0195336933</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Handbook+of+Late+Antiquity&rft.pages=285&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2012-11-01&rft.isbn=0195336933&rft.au=Scott+Johnson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-68">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFScott_Johnson2012" class="citation book cs1">Scott Johnson (1 November 2012). <i>The Oxford Handbook of Late Antiquity</i>. Oxford University Press. p. 298. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/0195336933?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/0195336933"><bdi>0195336933</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Handbook+of+Late+Antiquity&rft.pages=298&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2012-11-01&rft.isbn=0195336933&rft.au=Scott+Johnson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-69">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFSabarr_Janneh" class="citation book cs1">Sabarr Janneh. <i>Learning From the Life of Prophet Muhammad</i>. AuthorHouse. p. 17. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/1467899666?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/1467899666"><bdi>1467899666</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Learning+From+the+Life+of+Prophet+Muhammad&rft.pages=17&rft.pub=AuthorHouse&rft.isbn=1467899666&rft.au=Sabarr+Janneh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-70">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Abd al-Muhsin Madʼaj M. Madʼaj <i>The Yemen in Early Islam (9-233/630-847): A Political History</i> p.12 Ithaca Press, 1988 <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/0863721028?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0863721028</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-71">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Wilferd Madelung <i>The Succession to Muhammad: A Study of the Early Caliphate</i> p.199 Cambridge University Press, 15 October 1998 <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/0521646960?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0521646960</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-72">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ṭabarī <i>The History of al-Tabari Vol. 12: The Battle of al-Qadisiyyah and the Conquest of Syria and Palestine A.D. 635-637/A.H. 14–15</i> p.10-11 SUNY Press, 1992 <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/0791407330?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0791407330</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-73">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Idris El Hareir <i>The Spread of Islam Throughout the World</i> p.380 UNESCO, 2011 <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/9231041533?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9231041533</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-74">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Nejla M. Abu Izzeddin <i>The Druzes: A New Study of Their History, Faith, and Society</i> BRILL, 1993 <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/9004097058?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9004097058</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-75">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hugh Kennedy <i>The Armies of the Caliphs: Military and Society in the Early Islamic State</i> p. 33 Routledge, 17 June 2013 <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/1134531133?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 1134531133</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated237-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-autogenerated237_76-0">76.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-autogenerated237_76-1">76.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Andrew Rippin <i>The Islamic World</i> p. 237 Routledge, 23 October 2013 <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/1136803432?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 1136803432</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated128-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-autogenerated128_77-0">77.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-autogenerated128_77-1">77.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Paul_Wheatley_(geographer)&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Paul Wheatley (geographer) (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Paul Wheatley</a> <i>The Places Where Men Pray Together: Cities in Islamic Lands, Seventh Through the Tenth Centuries</i> p.128 University of Chicago Press, 2001 <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/0226894282?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0226894282</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-78">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Kamal Suleiman Salibi <i>A History of Arabia</i> p. 108 Caravan Books, 1980 OCLC Number: 164797251</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Lunpor-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Lunpor_79-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFPaul_Lunde2004" class="citation book cs1">Paul Lunde, Alexandra Porter (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.google.com/books?id%3DHSdmAAAAMAAJ"><i>Trade and travel in the Red Sea Region: proceedings of Red Sea project I held in the British Museum, October 2002</i></a>. Archaeopress. p. 20. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/1841716227?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/1841716227"><bdi>1841716227</bdi></a>. <q>in 976–77 AD[...] the then ruler of Yemen received slaves, as well as amber and leopard skins from the chief of the Dahlak islands (off the coast from Massawa).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Trade+and+travel+in+the+Red+Sea+Region%3A+proceedings+of+Red+Sea+project+I+held+in+the+British+Museum%2C+October+2002&rft.pages=20&rft.pub=Archaeopress&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=1841716227&rft.aulast=Paul+Lunde&rft.aufirst=Alexandra+Porter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHSdmAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-80">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Stephen W. Day <i>Regionalism and Rebellion in Yemen: A Troubled National Union</i> p.31 Cambridge University Press, 2012 <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/1107022150?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 1107022150</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-81">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gerhard Lichtenthäler <i>Political Ecology and the Role of Water: Environment, Society and Economy in Northern Yemen</i> p. 55 Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. 2003 <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/0754609081?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0754609081</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-82">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">First Encyclopaedia of Islam: 1913–1936 p. 145 BRILL, 1993 <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/9004097961?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9004097961</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-83">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">E. J. Van Donzel <i>Islamic Desk Reference</i> p. 492 BRILL, 1994 <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/9004097384?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9004097384</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-84">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFMuhammed_Abdo_Al-Sururi1987" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script">Muhammed Abdo Al-Sururi (1987). <bdi lang="ar">الحياة السياسية ومظاهر الحضارة في اليمن في عهد الدول المستقلة</bdi> [<i>political life and aspects of civilization in Yemen during the reign of Independent States</i>] (in Arabic). University of Sana'a. p. 237.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9+%D9%88%D9%85%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B1+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9+%D9%81%D9%8A+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%86+%D9%81%D9%8A+%D8%B9%D9%87%D8%AF+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%84%D8%A9&rft.pages=237&rft.pub=University+of+Sana%27a&rft.date=1987&rft.au=Muhammed+Abdo+Al-Sururi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B8:Cite_book?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="మూస:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (<a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%82:CS1_maint:_unrecognized_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="వర్గం:CS1 maint: unrecognized language">link</a>)</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-85">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFHenry_Cassels_Kay1999" class="citation book cs1">Henry Cassels Kay (1999). <i>Yaman its early medieval history</i>. Adegi Graphics LLC. p. 14. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/1421264641?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/1421264641"><bdi>1421264641</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Yaman+its+early+medieval+history&rft.pages=14&rft.pub=Adegi+Graphics+LLC&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=1421264641&rft.au=Henry+Cassels+Kay&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-86">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">J. D. Fage, Roland Anthony Oliver <i>The Cambridge History of Africa, Volume 3</i> p. 119 Cambridge University Press,1977 <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/0521209811?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0521209811</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-87">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">William Charles Brice <i>An Historical Atlas of Islam [cartographic Material]</i> P.338 BRILL, 1981 <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/9004061169?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9004061169</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-88">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Farhad Daftary <i>Ismailis in Medieval Muslim Societies: A Historical Introduction to an Islamic Community</i> p. 92 I.B.Tauris, 2005 <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/1845110919?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 1845110919</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-89">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Farhad Daftary <i>The Isma'ilis: Their History and Doctrines</i> p. 199 Cambridge University Press, 2007 <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/1139465783?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 1139465783</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated14-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-autogenerated14_90-0">90.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-autogenerated14_90-1">90.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Fatima Mernissi <i>The Forgotten Queens of Islam</i> p.14 U of Minnesota Press, 1997 <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/0816624399?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0816624399</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-91">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFMohammed_Abdo_Al-Sururi1987" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script">Mohammed Abdo Al-Sururi (1987). <bdi lang="ar">الحياة السياسية ومظاهر الحضارة في اليمن في عهد الدو المستقلة</bdi> [<i>political life and aspects of civilization in Yemen during the reign of Independent States</i>] (in Arabic). University of Sana'a. p. 237.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9+%D9%88%D9%85%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B1+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9+%D9%81%D9%8A+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%86+%D9%81%D9%8A+%D8%B9%D9%87%D8%AF+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%84%D8%A9&rft.pages=237&rft.pub=University+of+Sana%27a&rft.date=1987&rft.au=Mohammed+Abdo+Al-Sururi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B8:Cite_book?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="మూస:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (<a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%82:CS1_maint:_unrecognized_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="వర్గం:CS1 maint: unrecognized language">link</a>)</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-92">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Farhad Daftary <i>Ismailis in Medieval Muslim Societies: A Historical Introduction to an Islamic Community</i> p. 93 I.B.Tauris, 2005 <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/1845110919?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 1845110919</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated51-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-autogenerated51_93-0">93.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-autogenerated51_93-1">93.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Steven C. Caton <i>Yemen</i> p.51 ABC-CLIO, 2013 <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/159884928X?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 159884928X</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-94">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFBonnie_G._Smith2008" class="citation book cs1">Bonnie G. Smith (2008). <i>The Oxford Encyclopedia of Women in World History</i> (in Arabic). Vol. 4. Oxford University Press. p. 163. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/0195148908?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/0195148908"><bdi>0195148908</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Encyclopedia+of+Women+in+World+History&rft.pages=163&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=0195148908&rft.au=Bonnie+G.+Smith&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B8:Cite_book?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="మూస:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (<a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%82:CS1_maint:_unrecognized_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="వర్గం:CS1 maint: unrecognized language">link</a>)</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-95">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFMohammed_Abdo_Al-Sururi1987" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script">Mohammed Abdo Al-Sururi (1987). <bdi lang="ar">الحياة السياسية ومظاهر الحضارة في اليمن في عهد الدو المستقلة</bdi> [<i>political life and aspects of civilization in Yemen during the reign of Independent States</i>] (in Arabic). University of Sana'a. p. 414.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9+%D9%88%D9%85%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B1+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9+%D9%81%D9%8A+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%86+%D9%81%D9%8A+%D8%B9%D9%87%D8%AF+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%84%D8%A9&rft.pages=414&rft.pub=University+of+Sana%27a&rft.date=1987&rft.au=Mohammed+Abdo+Al-Sururi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B8:Cite_book?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="మూస:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (<a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%82:CS1_maint:_unrecognized_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="వర్గం:CS1 maint: unrecognized language">link</a>)</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-96">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFMohammed_Abdo_Al-Sururi1987" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script">Mohammed Abdo Al-Sururi (1987). <bdi lang="ar">الحياة السياسية ومظاهر الحضارة في اليمن في عهد الدو المستقلة</bdi> [<i>political life and aspects of civilization in Yemen during the reign of Independent States</i>] (in Arabic). University of Sana'a. p. 303.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9+%D9%88%D9%85%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B1+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9+%D9%81%D9%8A+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%86+%D9%81%D9%8A+%D8%B9%D9%87%D8%AF+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%84%D8%A9&rft.pages=303&rft.pub=University+of+Sana%27a&rft.date=1987&rft.au=Mohammed+Abdo+Al-Sururi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B8:Cite_book?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="మూస:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (<a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%82:CS1_maint:_unrecognized_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="వర్గం:CS1 maint: unrecognized language">link</a>)</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-97">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFAlexander_Mikaberidze2011" class="citation book cs1">Alexander Mikaberidze (2011). <i>Conflict and Conquest in the Islamic World: A Historical Encyclopedia: A Historical Encyclopedia</i>. ABC-CLIO. p. 159. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/1598843370?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/1598843370"><bdi>1598843370</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Conflict+and+Conquest+in+the+Islamic+World%3A+A+Historical+Encyclopedia%3A+A+Historical+Encyclopedia&rft.pages=159&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=1598843370&rft.au=Alexander+Mikaberidze&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-98">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFMohammed_Abdo_Al-Sururi1987" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script">Mohammed Abdo Al-Sururi (1987). <bdi lang="ar">الحياة السياسية ومظاهر الحضارة في اليمن في عهد الدو المستقلة</bdi> [<i>political life and aspects of civilization in Yemen during the reign of Independent States</i>] (in Arabic). University of Sana'a. p. 311.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9+%D9%88%D9%85%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B1+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9+%D9%81%D9%8A+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%86+%D9%81%D9%8A+%D8%B9%D9%87%D8%AF+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%84%D8%A9&rft.pages=311&rft.pub=University+of+Sana%27a&rft.date=1987&rft.au=Mohammed+Abdo+Al-Sururi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B8:Cite_book?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="మూస:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (<a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%82:CS1_maint:_unrecognized_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="వర్గం:CS1 maint: unrecognized language">link</a>)</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-99">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFFarhad_Daftary2007" class="citation book cs1">Farhad Daftary (2007). <i>The Isma'ilis: Their History and Doctrines</i>. Cambridge University Press. p. 260. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/1139465783?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/1139465783"><bdi>1139465783</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Isma%27ilis%3A+Their+History+and+Doctrines&rft.pages=260&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=1139465783&rft.au=Farhad+Daftary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-100">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFFarhad_Daftary2007" class="citation book cs1">Farhad Daftary (2007). <i>The Isma'ilis: Their History and Doctrines</i>. Cambridge University Press. p. 260. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/1139465783?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/1139465783"><bdi>1139465783</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Isma%27ilis%3A+Their+History+and+Doctrines&rft.pages=260&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=1139465783&rft.au=Farhad+Daftary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-101">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFJosef_W._Meri2004" class="citation book cs1">Josef W. Meri (2004). <i>Medieval Islamic Civilization</i>. Psychology Press. p. 871. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/0415966906?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/0415966906"><bdi>0415966906</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Medieval+Islamic+Civilization&rft.pages=871&rft.pub=Psychology+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0415966906&rft.au=Josef+W.+Meri&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-102">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFMohammed_Abdo_Al-Sururi1987" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script">Mohammed Abdo Al-Sururi (1987). <bdi lang="ar">الحياة السياسية ومظاهر الحضارة في اليمن في عهد الدول المستقلة</bdi> [<i>political life and aspects of civilization in Yemen during the reign of Independent States</i>] (in Arabic). University of Sana'a. p. 350.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9+%D9%88%D9%85%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B1+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9+%D9%81%D9%8A+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%86+%D9%81%D9%8A+%D8%B9%D9%87%D8%AF+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%84%D8%A9&rft.pages=350&rft.pub=University+of+Sana%27a&rft.date=1987&rft.au=Mohammed+Abdo+Al-Sururi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B8:Cite_book?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="మూస:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (<a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%82:CS1_maint:_unrecognized_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="వర్గం:CS1 maint: unrecognized language">link</a>)</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-103">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFMohammed_Abdo_Al-Sururi1987" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script">Mohammed Abdo Al-Sururi (1987). <bdi lang="ar">الحياة السياسية ومظاهر الحضارة في اليمن في عهد الدول المستقلة</bdi> [<i>political life and aspects of civilization in Yemen during the reign of Independent States</i>] (in Arabic). University of Sana'a. p. 354.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9+%D9%88%D9%85%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B1+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9+%D9%81%D9%8A+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%86+%D9%81%D9%8A+%D8%B9%D9%87%D8%AF+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%84%D8%A9&rft.pages=354&rft.pub=University+of+Sana%27a&rft.date=1987&rft.au=Mohammed+Abdo+Al-Sururi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B8:Cite_book?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="మూస:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (<a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%82:CS1_maint:_unrecognized_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="వర్గం:CS1 maint: unrecognized language">link</a>)</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-104">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFMohammed_Abdo_Al-Sururi1987" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script">Mohammed Abdo Al-Sururi (1987). <bdi lang="ar">الحياة السياسية ومظاهر الحضارة في اليمن في عهد الدول المستقلة</bdi> [<i>political life and aspects of civilization in Yemen during the reign of Independent States</i>] (in Arabic). University of Sana'a. p. 371.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9+%D9%88%D9%85%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B1+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9+%D9%81%D9%8A+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%86+%D9%81%D9%8A+%D8%B9%D9%87%D8%AF+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%84%D8%A9&rft.pages=371&rft.pub=University+of+Sana%27a&rft.date=1987&rft.au=Mohammed+Abdo+Al-Sururi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B8:Cite_book?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="మూస:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (<a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%82:CS1_maint:_unrecognized_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="వర్గం:CS1 maint: unrecognized language">link</a>)</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Mohammed_Abdo_Al-Sururi_1987_407-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Mohammed_Abdo_Al-Sururi_1987_407_105-0">105.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Mohammed_Abdo_Al-Sururi_1987_407_105-1">105.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFMohammed_Abdo_Al-Sururi1987" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script">Mohammed Abdo Al-Sururi (1987). <bdi lang="ar">الحياة السياسية ومظاهر الحضارة في اليمن في عهد الدول المستقلة</bdi> [<i>political life and aspects of civilization in Yemen during the reign of Independent States</i>] (in Arabic). University of Sana'a. p. 407.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9+%D9%88%D9%85%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B1+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9+%D9%81%D9%8A+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%86+%D9%81%D9%8A+%D8%B9%D9%87%D8%AF+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%84%D8%A9&rft.pages=407&rft.pub=University+of+Sana%27a&rft.date=1987&rft.au=Mohammed+Abdo+Al-Sururi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B8:Cite_book?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="మూస:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (<a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%82:CS1_maint:_unrecognized_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="వర్గం:CS1 maint: unrecognized language">link</a>)</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Alexander_D._Knysh_1999_230-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Alexander_D._Knysh_1999_230_106-0">106.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Alexander_D._Knysh_1999_230_106-1">106.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Alexander_D._Knysh_1999_230_106-2">106.2</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Alexander_D._Knysh_1999_230_106-3">106.3</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Alexander_D._Knysh_1999_230_106-4">106.4</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFAlexander_D._Knysh1999" class="citation book cs1">Alexander D. Knysh (1999). <i>Ibn 'Arabi in the Later Islamic Tradition: The Making of a Polemical Image in Medieval Islam</i>. SUNY Press. p. 230. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/1438409427?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/1438409427"><bdi>1438409427</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ibn+%27Arabi+in+the+Later+Islamic+Tradition%3A+The+Making+of+a+Polemical+Image+in+Medieval+Islam&rft.pages=230&rft.pub=SUNY+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=1438409427&rft.au=Alexander+D.+Knysh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Abdul_Ali_1996_84-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Abdul_Ali_1996_84_107-0">107.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Abdul_Ali_1996_84_107-1">107.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFAbdul_Ali1996" class="citation book cs1">Abdul Ali (1996). <i>Islamic Dynasties of the Arab East: State and Civilization During the Later Medieval Times</i>. M.D. Publications Pvt. Ltd. p. 84. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/8175330082?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/8175330082"><bdi>8175330082</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islamic+Dynasties+of+the+Arab+East%3A+State+and+Civilization+During+the+Later+Medieval+Times&rft.pages=84&rft.pub=M.D.+Publications+Pvt.+Ltd&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=8175330082&rft.au=Abdul+Ali&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Abdul_Ali_1996_854-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Abdul_Ali_1996_854_108-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFAbdul_Ali1996" class="citation book cs1">Abdul Ali (1996). <i>Islamic Dynasties of the Arab East: State and Civilization During the Later Medieval Times</i>. M.D. Publications Pvt. Ltd. p. 85. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/8175330082?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/8175330082"><bdi>8175330082</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islamic+Dynasties+of+the+Arab+East%3A+State+and+Civilization+During+the+Later+Medieval+Times&rft.pages=85&rft.pub=M.D.+Publications+Pvt.+Ltd&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=8175330082&rft.au=Abdul+Ali&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Abdul_Ali_1996_86-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Abdul_Ali_1996_86_109-0">109.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Abdul_Ali_1996_86_109-1">109.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Abdul_Ali_1996_86_109-2">109.2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFAbdul_Ali1996" class="citation book cs1">Abdul Ali (1996). <i>Islamic Dynasties of the Arab East: State and Civilization During the Later Medieval Times</i>. M.D. Publications Pvt. Ltd. p. 86. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/8175330082?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/8175330082"><bdi>8175330082</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islamic+Dynasties+of+the+Arab+East%3A+State+and+Civilization+During+the+Later+Medieval+Times&rft.pages=86&rft.pub=M.D.+Publications+Pvt.+Ltd&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=8175330082&rft.au=Abdul+Ali&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Josef_W._Meri,_Jere_L._Bacharach_2006_669-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Josef_W._Meri,_Jere_L._Bacharach_2006_669_110-0">110.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Josef_W._Meri,_Jere_L._Bacharach_2006_669_110-1">110.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Josef_W._Meri,_Jere_L._Bacharach_2006_669_110-2">110.2</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Josef_W._Meri,_Jere_L._Bacharach_2006_669_110-3">110.3</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFJosef_W._MeriJere_L._Bacharach2006" class="citation book cs1">Josef W. Meri; Jere L. Bacharach (2006). <i>Medieval Islamic Civilization: L-Z, index</i>. Taylor & Francis. p. 669. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/0415966922?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/0415966922"><bdi>0415966922</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Medieval+Islamic+Civilization%3A+L-Z%2C+index&rft.pages=669&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0415966922&rft.au=Josef+W.+Meri&rft.au=Jere+L.+Bacharach&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-111">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFDavid_J_WassersteinAmi_Ayalon2013" class="citation book cs1">David J Wasserstein; Ami Ayalon (2013). <i>Mamluks and Ottomans: Studies in Honour of Michael Winter</i>. Routledge. p. 201. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/1136579176?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/1136579176"><bdi>1136579176</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mamluks+and+Ottomans%3A+Studies+in+Honour+of+Michael+Winter&rft.pages=201&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=1136579176&rft.au=David+J+Wasserstein&rft.au=Ami+Ayalon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-David_J_Wasserstein,_Ami_Ayalon_2013_201-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-David_J_Wasserstein,_Ami_Ayalon_2013_201_112-0">112.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-David_J_Wasserstein,_Ami_Ayalon_2013_201_112-1">112.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFDavid_J_WassersteinAmi_Ayalon2013" class="citation book cs1">David J Wasserstein; Ami Ayalon (2013). <i>Mamluks and Ottomans: Studies in Honour of Michael Winter</i>. Routledge. p. 201. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/1136579176?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/1136579176"><bdi>1136579176</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mamluks+and+Ottomans%3A+Studies+in+Honour+of+Michael+Winter&rft.pages=201&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=1136579176&rft.au=David+J+Wasserstein&rft.au=Ami+Ayalon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Alexander_D._Knysh_1999_231-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Alexander_D._Knysh_1999_231_113-0">113.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Alexander_D._Knysh_1999_231_113-1">113.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFAlexander_D._Knysh1999" class="citation book cs1">Alexander D. Knysh (1999). <i>Ibn 'Arabi in the Later Islamic Tradition: The Making of a Polemical Image in Medieval Islam</i>. SUNY Press. p. 231. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/1438409427?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/1438409427"><bdi>1438409427</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ibn+%27Arabi+in+the+Later+Islamic+Tradition%3A+The+Making+of+a+Polemical+Image+in+Medieval+Islam&rft.pages=231&rft.pub=SUNY+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=1438409427&rft.au=Alexander+D.+Knysh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-114">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFAbdul_Ali1996" class="citation book cs1">Abdul Ali (1996). <i>slamic Dynasties of the Arab East: State and Civilization During the Later Medieval Times</i>. M.D. Publications Pvt. Ltd. p. 94. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/8175330082?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/8175330082"><bdi>8175330082</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=slamic+Dynasties+of+the+Arab+East%3A+State+and+Civilization+During+the+Later+Medieval+Times&rft.pages=94&rft.pub=M.D.+Publications+Pvt.+Ltd&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=8175330082&rft.au=Abdul+Ali&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-115">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFJane_Hathaway2003" class="citation book cs1">Jane Hathaway (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/taleoftwofaction0000hath"><i>A Tale of Two Factions: Myth, Memory, and Identity in Ottoman Egypt and Yemen</i></a>. SUNY Press. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/0791458830?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/0791458830"><bdi>0791458830</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Tale+of+Two+Factions%3A+Myth%2C+Memory%2C+and+Identity+in+Ottoman+Egypt+and+Yemen&rft.pub=SUNY+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0791458830&rft.au=Jane+Hathaway&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftaleoftwofaction0000hath&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated1993-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-autogenerated1993_116-0">116.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-autogenerated1993_116-1">116.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">^ Daniel Martin Varisco (1993). the Unity of the Rasulid State under al-Malik al-Muzaffar . Revue du monde musulman et de la Méditerranée P.21 Volume 67</span></li> <li id="cite_note-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-117">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFHalil_İnalcıkDonald_Quataert1994" class="citation book cs1">Halil İnalcık; Donald Quataert (1994). <i>An Economic and Social History of the Ottoman Empire, 1300–1914</i>. Cambridge University Press. p. 320. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/0521343151?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/0521343151"><bdi>0521343151</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Economic+and+Social+History+of+the+Ottoman+Empire%2C+1300%E2%80%931914&rft.pages=320&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=0521343151&rft.au=Halil+%C4%B0nalc%C4%B1k&rft.au=Donald+Quataert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-118">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFHalil_İnalcıkDonald_Quataert1994" class="citation book cs1">Halil İnalcık; Donald Quataert (1994). <i>An Economic and Social History of the Ottoman Empire, 1300–1914</i>. Cambridge University Press. p. 320. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/0521343151?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/0521343151"><bdi>0521343151</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Economic+and+Social+History+of+the+Ottoman+Empire%2C+1300%E2%80%931914&rft.pages=320&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=0521343151&rft.au=Halil+%C4%B0nalc%C4%B1k&rft.au=Donald+Quataert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated59-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-autogenerated59_119-0">119.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-autogenerated59_119-1">119.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-autogenerated59_119-2">119.2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Steven C. Caton <i>Yemen</i> p.59 ABC-CLIO, 2013 <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/159884928X?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 159884928X</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Abdul_Ali_1996_94-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Abdul_Ali_1996_94_120-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFAbdul_Ali1996" class="citation book cs1">Abdul Ali (1996). <i>Islamic Dynasties of the Arab East: State and Civilization During the Later Medieval Times</i>. M.D. Publications Pvt. Ltd. p. 94. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/8175330082?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/8175330082"><bdi>8175330082</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islamic+Dynasties+of+the+Arab+East%3A+State+and+Civilization+During+the+Later+Medieval+Times&rft.pages=94&rft.pub=M.D.+Publications+Pvt.+Ltd&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=8175330082&rft.au=Abdul+Ali&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-121">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFBernard_Haykel2003" class="citation book cs1">Bernard Haykel (2003). <i>Revival and Reform in Islam: The Legacy of Muhammad Al-Shawkani</i>. Cambridge University Press. p. 30. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/0521528909?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/0521528909"><bdi>0521528909</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Revival+and+Reform+in+Islam%3A+The+Legacy+of+Muhammad+Al-Shawkani&rft.pages=30&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0521528909&rft.au=Bernard+Haykel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-122">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFMuḥammad_ibn_Aḥmad_Nahrawālī2002" class="citation book cs1">Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad Nahrawālī (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/lightningoveryem00smit"><i>Lightning Over Yemen: A History of the Ottoman Campaign in Yemen, 1569–71</i></a>. OI.B.Tauris. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/lightningoveryem00smit/page/2">2</a>. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/1860648363?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/1860648363"><bdi>1860648363</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lightning+Over+Yemen%3A+A+History+of+the+Ottoman+Campaign+in+Yemen%2C+1569%E2%80%9371&rft.pages=2&rft.pub=OI.B.Tauris&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=1860648363&rft.au=Mu%E1%B8%A5ammad+ibn+A%E1%B8%A5mad+Nahraw%C4%81l%C4%AB&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flightningoveryem00smit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-123">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFGiancarlo_Casale2010" class="citation book cs1">Giancarlo Casale (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/ottomanageexplor00casa"><i>The Ottoman Age of Exploration</i></a>. Oxford University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/ottomanageexplor00casa/page/43">43</a>. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/0199798796?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/0199798796"><bdi>0199798796</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ottoman+Age+of+Exploration&rft.pages=43&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=0199798796&rft.au=Giancarlo+Casale&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fottomanageexplor00casa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-124">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFMuḥammad_ibn_Aḥmad_Nahrawālī2002" class="citation book cs1">Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad Nahrawālī (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/lightningoveryem00smit"><i>Lightning Over Yemen: A History of the Ottoman Campaign in Yemen, 1569–71</i></a> [<i>البرق اليماني في الفتح العثماني</i>] (in Arabic). OI.B.Tauris. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/lightningoveryem00smit/page/88">88</a>. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/1860648363?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/1860648363"><bdi>1860648363</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lightning+Over+Yemen%3A+A+History+of+the+Ottoman+Campaign+in+Yemen%2C+1569%E2%80%9371&rft.pages=88&rft.pub=OI.B.Tauris&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=1860648363&rft.au=Mu%E1%B8%A5ammad+ibn+A%E1%B8%A5mad+Nahraw%C4%81l%C4%AB&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flightningoveryem00smit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B8:Cite_book?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="మూస:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (<a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%82:CS1_maint:_unrecognized_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="వర్గం:CS1 maint: unrecognized language">link</a>)</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-125"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-125">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFMuḥammad_ibn_Aḥmad_Nahrawālī2002" class="citation book cs1">Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad Nahrawālī (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/lightningoveryem00smit"><i>Lightning Over Yemen: A History of the Ottoman Campaign in Yemen, 1569–71</i></a> [<i>البرق اليماني في الفتح العثماني</i>] (in Arabic). OI.B.Tauris. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/lightningoveryem00smit/page/88">88</a>. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/1860648363?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/1860648363"><bdi>1860648363</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lightning+Over+Yemen%3A+A+History+of+the+Ottoman+Campaign+in+Yemen%2C+1569%E2%80%9371&rft.pages=88&rft.pub=OI.B.Tauris&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=1860648363&rft.au=Mu%E1%B8%A5ammad+ibn+A%E1%B8%A5mad+Nahraw%C4%81l%C4%AB&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flightningoveryem00smit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B8:Cite_book?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="మూస:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (<a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%82:CS1_maint:_unrecognized_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="వర్గం:CS1 maint: unrecognized language">link</a>)</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-126"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-126">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFJane_Hathaway2012" class="citation book cs1">Jane Hathaway (2012). <i>A Tale of Two Factions: Myth, Memory, and Identity in Ottoman Egypt and Yemen</i>. SUNY Press. p. 83. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/0791486109?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/0791486109"><bdi>0791486109</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Tale+of+Two+Factions%3A+Myth%2C+Memory%2C+and+Identity+in+Ottoman+Egypt+and+Yemen&rft.pages=83&rft.pub=SUNY+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=0791486109&rft.au=Jane+Hathaway&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Robert_W._Stookey_1978_134-127"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Robert_W._Stookey_1978_134_127-0">127.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Robert_W._Stookey_1978_134_127-1">127.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFRobert_W._Stookey1978" class="citation book cs1">Robert W. Stookey (1978). <i>Yemen: the politics of the Yemen Arab Republic</i>. Westview Press. p. 134. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/0891583009?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/0891583009"><bdi>0891583009</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Yemen%3A+the+politics+of+the+Yemen+Arab+Republic&rft.pages=134&rft.pub=Westview+Press&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=0891583009&rft.au=Robert+W.+Stookey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Muḥammad_ibn_Aḥmad_Nahrawālī_2002_95-128"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Mu%E1%B8%A5ammad_ibn_A%E1%B8%A5mad_Nahraw%C4%81l%C4%AB_2002_95_128-0">128.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Mu%E1%B8%A5ammad_ibn_A%E1%B8%A5mad_Nahraw%C4%81l%C4%AB_2002_95_128-1">128.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Mu%E1%B8%A5ammad_ibn_A%E1%B8%A5mad_Nahraw%C4%81l%C4%AB_2002_95_128-2">128.2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFMuḥammad_ibn_Aḥmad_Nahrawālī2002" class="citation book cs1">Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad Nahrawālī (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/lightningoveryem00smit"><i>Lightning Over Yemen: A History of the Ottoman Campaign in Yemen, 1569–71</i></a> [<i>البرق اليماني في الفتح العثماني</i>] (in Arabic). OI.B.Tauris. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/lightningoveryem00smit/page/95">95</a>. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/1860648363?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/1860648363"><bdi>1860648363</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lightning+Over+Yemen%3A+A+History+of+the+Ottoman+Campaign+in+Yemen%2C+1569%E2%80%9371&rft.pages=95&rft.pub=OI.B.Tauris&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=1860648363&rft.au=Mu%E1%B8%A5ammad+ibn+A%E1%B8%A5mad+Nahraw%C4%81l%C4%AB&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flightningoveryem00smit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B8:Cite_book?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="మూస:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (<a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%82:CS1_maint:_unrecognized_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="వర్గం:CS1 maint: unrecognized language">link</a>)</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-129"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-129">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFR._B._SerjeantRonald_Lewcock1983" class="citation book cs1">R. B. Serjeant; Ronald Lewcock (1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/sanaarabianislam0000unse"><i>Sana: An Arabian Islamic City</i></a>. World of Islam Festival Pub. Co. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/sanaarabianislam0000unse/page/70">70</a>. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/0905035046?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/0905035046"><bdi>0905035046</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sana%3A+An+Arabian+Islamic+City&rft.pages=70&rft.pub=World+of+Islam+Festival+Pub.+Co&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=0905035046&rft.au=R.+B.+Serjeant&rft.au=Ronald+Lewcock&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsanaarabianislam0000unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Halil_İnalcık,_Donald_Quataert_19894_333-130"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Halil_%C4%B0nalc%C4%B1k,_Donald_Quataert_19894_333_130-0">130.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Halil_%C4%B0nalc%C4%B1k,_Donald_Quataert_19894_333_130-1">130.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFHalil_İnalcıkDonald_Quataert1984" class="citation book cs1">Halil İnalcık; Donald Quataert (1984). <i>An Economic and Social History of the Ottoman Empire, 1300–1914</i>. Cambridge University Press. p. 333. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/0521343151?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/0521343151"><bdi>0521343151</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Economic+and+Social+History+of+the+Ottoman+Empire%2C+1300%E2%80%931914&rft.pages=333&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=0521343151&rft.au=Halil+%C4%B0nalc%C4%B1k&rft.au=Donald+Quataert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Muḥammad_ibn_Aḥmad_Nahrawālī_2002_132-131"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Mu%E1%B8%A5ammad_ibn_A%E1%B8%A5mad_Nahraw%C4%81l%C4%AB_2002_132_131-0">131.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Mu%E1%B8%A5ammad_ibn_A%E1%B8%A5mad_Nahraw%C4%81l%C4%AB_2002_132_131-1">131.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFMuḥammad_ibn_Aḥmad_Nahrawālī2002" class="citation book cs1">Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad Nahrawālī (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/lightningoveryem00smit"><i>Lightning Over Yemen: A History of the Ottoman Campaign in Yemen, 1569–71</i></a> [<i>البرق اليماني في الفتح العثماني</i>] (in Arabic). OI.B.Tauris. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/lightningoveryem00smit/page/132">132</a>. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/1860648363?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/1860648363"><bdi>1860648363</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lightning+Over+Yemen%3A+A+History+of+the+Ottoman+Campaign+in+Yemen%2C+1569%E2%80%9371&rft.pages=132&rft.pub=OI.B.Tauris&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=1860648363&rft.au=Mu%E1%B8%A5ammad+ibn+A%E1%B8%A5mad+Nahraw%C4%81l%C4%AB&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flightningoveryem00smit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B8:Cite_book?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="మూస:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (<a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%82:CS1_maint:_unrecognized_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="వర్గం:CS1 maint: unrecognized language">link</a>)</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-132"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-132">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFMuḥammad_ibn_Aḥmad_Nahrawālī2002" class="citation book cs1">Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad Nahrawālī (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/lightningoveryem00smit"><i>Lightning Over Yemen: A History of the Ottoman Campaign in Yemen, 1569–71</i></a> [<i>البرق اليماني في الفتح العثماني</i>] (in Arabic). OI.B.Tauris. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/lightningoveryem00smit/page/134">134</a>. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/1860648363?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/1860648363"><bdi>1860648363</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lightning+Over+Yemen%3A+A+History+of+the+Ottoman+Campaign+in+Yemen%2C+1569%E2%80%9371&rft.pages=134&rft.pub=OI.B.Tauris&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=1860648363&rft.au=Mu%E1%B8%A5ammad+ibn+A%E1%B8%A5mad+Nahraw%C4%81l%C4%AB&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flightningoveryem00smit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B8:Cite_book?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="మూస:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (<a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%82:CS1_maint:_unrecognized_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="వర్గం:CS1 maint: unrecognized language">link</a>)</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Muḥammad_ibn_Aḥmad_Nahrawālī_2002_180-133"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Mu%E1%B8%A5ammad_ibn_A%E1%B8%A5mad_Nahraw%C4%81l%C4%AB_2002_180_133-0">133.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Mu%E1%B8%A5ammad_ibn_A%E1%B8%A5mad_Nahraw%C4%81l%C4%AB_2002_180_133-1">133.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFMuḥammad_ibn_Aḥmad_Nahrawālī2002" class="citation book cs1">Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad Nahrawālī (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/lightningoveryem00smit"><i>Lightning Over Yemen: A History of the Ottoman Campaign in Yemen, 1569–71</i></a> [<i>البرق اليماني في الفتح العثماني</i>] (in Arabic). OI.B.Tauris. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/lightningoveryem00smit/page/180">180</a>. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/1860648363?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/1860648363"><bdi>1860648363</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lightning+Over+Yemen%3A+A+History+of+the+Ottoman+Campaign+in+Yemen%2C+1569%E2%80%9371&rft.pages=180&rft.pub=OI.B.Tauris&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=1860648363&rft.au=Mu%E1%B8%A5ammad+ibn+A%E1%B8%A5mad+Nahraw%C4%81l%C4%AB&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flightningoveryem00smit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B8:Cite_book?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="మూస:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (<a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%82:CS1_maint:_unrecognized_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="వర్గం:CS1 maint: unrecognized language">link</a>)</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Abdul_Ali_1996_103-134"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Abdul_Ali_1996_103_134-0">134.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Abdul_Ali_1996_103_134-1">134.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Abdul_Ali_1996_103_134-2">134.2</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Abdul_Ali_1996_103_134-3">134.3</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFAbdul_Ali1996" class="citation book cs1">Abdul Ali (1996). <i>Islamic Dynasties of the Arab East: State and Civilization During the Later Medieval Times</i>. M.D. Publications Pvt. Ltd. p. 103. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/8175330082?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/8175330082"><bdi>8175330082</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islamic+Dynasties+of+the+Arab+East%3A+State+and+Civilization+During+the+Later+Medieval+Times&rft.pages=103&rft.pub=M.D.+Publications+Pvt.+Ltd&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=8175330082&rft.au=Abdul+Ali&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Muḥammad_ibn_Aḥmad_Nahrawālī_2002_198-135"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Mu%E1%B8%A5ammad_ibn_A%E1%B8%A5mad_Nahraw%C4%81l%C4%AB_2002_198_135-0">135.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Mu%E1%B8%A5ammad_ibn_A%E1%B8%A5mad_Nahraw%C4%81l%C4%AB_2002_198_135-1">135.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFMuḥammad_ibn_Aḥmad_Nahrawālī2002" class="citation book cs1">Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad Nahrawālī (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/lightningoveryem00smit"><i>Lightning Over Yemen: A History of the Ottoman Campaign in Yemen, 1569–71</i></a> [<i>البرق اليماني في الفتح العثماني</i>] (in Arabic). OI.B.Tauris. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/lightningoveryem00smit/page/198">198</a>. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/1860648363?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/1860648363"><bdi>1860648363</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lightning+Over+Yemen%3A+A+History+of+the+Ottoman+Campaign+in+Yemen%2C+1569%E2%80%9371&rft.pages=198&rft.pub=OI.B.Tauris&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=1860648363&rft.au=Mu%E1%B8%A5ammad+ibn+A%E1%B8%A5mad+Nahraw%C4%81l%C4%AB&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flightningoveryem00smit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B8:Cite_book?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="మూస:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (<a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%82:CS1_maint:_unrecognized_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="వర్గం:CS1 maint: unrecognized language">link</a>)</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-136"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-136">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFMuḥammad_ibn_Aḥmad_Nahrawālī2002" class="citation book cs1">Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad Nahrawālī (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/lightningoveryem00smit"><i>Lightning Over Yemen: A History of the Ottoman Campaign in Yemen, 1569–71</i></a> [<i>البرق اليماني في الفتح العثماني</i>] (in Arabic). OI.B.Tauris. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/lightningoveryem00smit/page/200">200</a>. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/1860648363?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/1860648363"><bdi>1860648363</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lightning+Over+Yemen%3A+A+History+of+the+Ottoman+Campaign+in+Yemen%2C+1569%E2%80%9371&rft.pages=200&rft.pub=OI.B.Tauris&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=1860648363&rft.au=Mu%E1%B8%A5ammad+ibn+A%E1%B8%A5mad+Nahraw%C4%81l%C4%AB&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flightningoveryem00smit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B8:Cite_book?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="మూస:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (<a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%82:CS1_maint:_unrecognized_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="వర్గం:CS1 maint: unrecognized language">link</a>)</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-137"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-137">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFMuḥammad_ibn_Aḥmad_Nahrawālī2002" class="citation book cs1">Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad Nahrawālī (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/lightningoveryem00smit"><i>Lightning Over Yemen: A History of the Ottoman Campaign in Yemen, 1569–71</i></a> [<i>البرق اليماني في الفتح العثماني</i>] (in Arabic). OI.B.Tauris. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/lightningoveryem00smit/page/208">208</a>. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/1860648363?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/1860648363"><bdi>1860648363</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lightning+Over+Yemen%3A+A+History+of+the+Ottoman+Campaign+in+Yemen%2C+1569%E2%80%9371&rft.pages=208&rft.pub=OI.B.Tauris&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=1860648363&rft.au=Mu%E1%B8%A5ammad+ibn+A%E1%B8%A5mad+Nahraw%C4%81l%C4%AB&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flightningoveryem00smit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B8:Cite_book?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="మూస:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (<a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%82:CS1_maint:_unrecognized_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="వర్గం:CS1 maint: unrecognized language">link</a>)</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-138"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-138">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFMuḥammad_ibn_Aḥmad_Nahrawālī2002" class="citation book cs1">Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad Nahrawālī (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/lightningoveryem00smit"><i>Lightning Over Yemen: A History of the Ottoman Campaign in Yemen, 1569–71</i></a> [<i>البرق اليماني في الفتح العثماني</i>] (in Arabic). OI.B.Tauris. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/lightningoveryem00smit/page/210">210</a>. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/1860648363?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/1860648363"><bdi>1860648363</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lightning+Over+Yemen%3A+A+History+of+the+Ottoman+Campaign+in+Yemen%2C+1569%E2%80%9371&rft.pages=210&rft.pub=OI.B.Tauris&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=1860648363&rft.au=Mu%E1%B8%A5ammad+ibn+A%E1%B8%A5mad+Nahraw%C4%81l%C4%AB&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flightningoveryem00smit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B8:Cite_book?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="మూస:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (<a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%82:CS1_maint:_unrecognized_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="వర్గం:CS1 maint: unrecognized language">link</a>)</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-139"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-139">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFNancy_Um2009" class="citation book cs1">Nancy Um (2009). <i>he merchant houses of Mocha: trade and architecture in an Indian Ocean port</i>. University of Washington Press. p. 19. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/0295989106?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/0295989106"><bdi>0295989106</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=he+merchant+houses+of+Mocha%3A+trade+and+architecture+in+an+Indian+Ocean+port&rft.pages=19&rft.pub=University+of+Washington+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=0295989106&rft.au=Nancy+Um&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-140"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-140">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFRobert_W._Stookey1978" class="citation book cs1">Robert W. Stookey (1978). <i>Yemen: the politics of the Yemen Arab Republic</i>. Westview Press. p. 141. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/0891583009?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/0891583009"><bdi>0891583009</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Yemen%3A+the+politics+of+the+Yemen+Arab+Republic&rft.pages=141&rft.pub=Westview+Press&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=0891583009&rft.au=Robert+W.+Stookey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Michel_Tuchscherer-141"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Michel_Tuchscherer_141-0">141.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Michel_Tuchscherer_141-1">141.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Michel_Tuchscherer_141-2">141.2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFMichel_Tuchscherer" class="citation web cs1">Michel Tuchscherer. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20131211012908/http://cy.revues.org/11">"Chronologie du Yémen (1506–1635)', Chroniques yémenites"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://cy.revues.org/11">the original</a> on 11 డిసెంబరు 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 February</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chronologie+du+Y%C3%A9men+%281506%E2%80%931635%29%27%2C+Chroniques+y%C3%A9menites&rft.au=Michel+Tuchscherer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcy.revues.org%2F11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-142"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-142">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFMuḥammad_ibn_Aḥmad_Nahrawālī2002" class="citation book cs1">Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad Nahrawālī (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/lightningoveryem00smit"><i>Lightning Over Yemen: A History of the Ottoman Campaign in Yemen, 1569–71</i></a> [<i>البرق اليماني في الفتح العثماني</i>] (in Arabic). OI.B.Tauris. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/lightningoveryem00smit/page/197">197</a>. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/1860648363?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/1860648363"><bdi>1860648363</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lightning+Over+Yemen%3A+A+History+of+the+Ottoman+Campaign+in+Yemen%2C+1569%E2%80%9371&rft.pages=197&rft.pub=OI.B.Tauris&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=1860648363&rft.au=Mu%E1%B8%A5ammad+ibn+A%E1%B8%A5mad+Nahraw%C4%81l%C4%AB&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flightningoveryem00smit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B8:Cite_book?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="మూస:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (<a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%82:CS1_maint:_unrecognized_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="వర్గం:CS1 maint: unrecognized language">link</a>)</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-143"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-143">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREF'Abd_al-Samad_al-Mawza'i1986" class="citation book cs1">'Abd al-Samad al-Mawza'i (1986). <i>al-Ihsan fî dukhûl Mamlakat al-Yaman taht zill Adalat al-'Uthman</i> [<i>الإحسان في دخول مملكة اليمن تحت ظل عدالة آل عثمان</i>] (in Arabic). New Generation Library. pp. 99–105.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=al-Ihsan+f%C3%AE+dukh%C3%BBl+Mamlakat+al-Yaman+taht+zill+Adalat+al-%27Uthman&rft.pages=99-105&rft.pub=New+Generation+Library&rft.date=1986&rft.au=%27Abd+al-Samad+al-Mawza%27i&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B8:Cite_book?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="మూస:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (<a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%82:CS1_maint:_unrecognized_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="వర్గం:CS1 maint: unrecognized language">link</a>)</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-144"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-144">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFAmira_Maddah1982" class="citation book cs1">Amira Maddah (1982). <i>l-Uthmâniyyun wa-l-Imam al-Qasim b. Muhammad b. Ali fo-l-Yaman</i> [<i>العثمانيون والإمام القاسم بن محمد في اليمن</i>] (in Arabic). p. 839.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=l-Uthm%C3%A2niyyun+wa-l-Imam+al-Qasim+b.+Muhammad+b.+Ali+fo-l-Yaman&rft.pages=839&rft.date=1982&rft.au=Amira+Maddah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B8:Cite_book?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="మూస:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (<a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%82:CS1_maint:_unrecognized_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="వర్గం:CS1 maint: unrecognized language">link</a>)</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-145"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-145">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFMusflafâ_Sayyid_Salim1974" class="citation book cs1">Musflafâ Sayyid Salim (1974). <i>al-Fath al-'Uthmani al-Awwal li-l-Yaman</i> [<i>الفتح العثماني الأول لليمن</i>] (in Arabic). p. 357.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=al-Fath+al-%27Uthmani+al-Awwal+li-l-Yaman&rft.pages=357&rft.date=1974&rft.au=Musflaf%C3%A2+Sayyid+Salim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B8:Cite_book?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="మూస:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (<a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%82:CS1_maint:_unrecognized_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="వర్గం:CS1 maint: unrecognized language">link</a>)</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Faulder-146"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Faulder_146-0">146.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Faulder_146-1">146.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Faulder_146-2">146.2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3D_WJFAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA75"><i>Accounts and Extracts of the Manuscripts in the Library of the King of France</i></a>. Vol. 2. R. Faulder. 1789. p. 75.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Accounts+and+Extracts+of+the+Manuscripts+in+the+Library+of+the+King+of+France&rft.pages=75&rft.pub=R.+Faulder&rft.date=1789&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_WJFAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA75&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-R._Faulder-147"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-R._Faulder_147-0">147.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-R._Faulder_147-1">147.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3D_WJFAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA75"><i>Accounts and Extracts of the Manuscripts in the Library of the King of France</i></a>. Vol. 2. R. Faulder. 1789. p. 76.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Accounts+and+Extracts+of+the+Manuscripts+in+the+Library+of+the+King+of+France&rft.pages=76&rft.pub=R.+Faulder&rft.date=1789&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_WJFAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA75&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-148"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-148">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3D_WJFAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA75"><i>Accounts and Extracts of the Manuscripts in the Library of the King of France</i></a>. Vol. 2. R. Faulder. 1789. p. 78.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Accounts+and+Extracts+of+the+Manuscripts+in+the+Library+of+the+King+of+France&rft.pages=78&rft.pub=R.+Faulder&rft.date=1789&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_WJFAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA75&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-149"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-149">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFKjetil_SelvikStig_Stenslie2011" class="citation book cs1">Kjetil Selvik; Stig Stenslie (2011). <i>Stability and Change in the Modern Middle East</i>. I. B. Tauris. p. 90. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/1848855893?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/1848855893"><bdi>1848855893</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Stability+and+Change+in+the+Modern+Middle+East&rft.pages=90&rft.pub=I.+B.+Tauris&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=1848855893&rft.au=Kjetil+Selvik&rft.au=Stig+Stenslie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-150"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-150">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFAnna_HestlerJo-Ann_Spilling2010" class="citation book cs1">Anna Hestler; Jo-Ann Spilling (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/yemen0000hest"><i>Yemen</i></a>. Marshall Cavendish. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/yemen0000hest/page/23">23</a>. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/0761448500?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/0761448500"><bdi>0761448500</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Yemen&rft.pages=23&rft.pub=Marshall+Cavendish&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=0761448500&rft.au=Anna+Hestler&rft.au=Jo-Ann+Spilling&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fyemen0000hest&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-151"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-151">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFRichard_N._Schofield1994" class="citation book cs1">Richard N. Schofield (1994). <i>Territorial foundations of the Gulf states</i>. UCL Press. p. 90. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/1857281217?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/1857281217"><bdi>1857281217</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Territorial+foundations+of+the+Gulf+states&rft.pages=90&rft.pub=UCL+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=1857281217&rft.au=Richard+N.+Schofield&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-152"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-152">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFRobert_D._Burrowes2010" class="citation book cs1">Robert D. Burrowes (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/historicaldictio02edburr_k0x8"><i>Historical Dictionary of Yemen</i></a>. Rowman & Littlefield. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/historicaldictio02edburr_k0x8/page/295">295</a>. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/0810855283?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/0810855283"><bdi>0810855283</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+Yemen&rft.pages=295&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=0810855283&rft.au=Robert+D.+Burrowes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoricaldictio02edburr_k0x8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-153"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-153">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFNelly_Hanna2005" class="citation book cs1">Nelly Hanna (2005). <i>Society and Economy in Egypt and the Eastern Mediterranean, 1600–1900: Essays in Honor of André Raymond</i>. American Univ in Cairo Press. p. 124. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/9774249372?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/9774249372"><bdi>9774249372</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Society+and+Economy+in+Egypt+and+the+Eastern+Mediterranean%2C+1600%E2%80%931900%3A+Essays+in+Honor+of+Andr%C3%A9+Raymond&rft.pages=124&rft.pub=American+Univ+in+Cairo+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9774249372&rft.au=Nelly+Hanna&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-154"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-154">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFRoman_Loimeier2013" class="citation book cs1">Roman Loimeier (2013). <i>Muslim Societies in Africa: A Historical Anthropology</i>. Indiana University Press. p. 193. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/0253007976?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/0253007976"><bdi>0253007976</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Muslim+Societies+in+Africa%3A+A+Historical+Anthropology&rft.pages=193&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=0253007976&rft.au=Roman+Loimeier&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-155"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-155">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFMarta_Colburn2002" class="citation book cs1">Marta Colburn (2002). <i>The Republic of Yemen: Development Challenges in the 21st Century</i>. CIIR. p. 15. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/1852872497?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/1852872497"><bdi>1852872497</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Republic+of+Yemen%3A+Development+Challenges+in+the+21st+Century&rft.pages=15&rft.pub=CIIR&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=1852872497&rft.au=Marta+Colburn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-156"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-156">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFAri_Ariel2013" class="citation book cs1">Ari Ariel (2013). <i>Jewish-Muslim Relations and Migration from Yemen to Palestine in the Late Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries</i>. BRILL. p. 24. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/9004265376?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/9004265376"><bdi>9004265376</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jewish-Muslim+Relations+and+Migration+from+Yemen+to+Palestine+in+the+Late+Nineteenth+and+Twentieth+Centuries&rft.pages=24&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9004265376&rft.au=Ari+Ariel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-157"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-157">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">R.L. Playfair (1859), <i>A History of Arabia Felix or Yemen</i>. Bombay; R.B. Serjeant & R. Lewcock (1983), <i>San'a': An Araban Islamic City</i>. London.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Caesar_E._Farah_2002_120-158"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Caesar_E._Farah_2002_120_158-0">158.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Caesar_E._Farah_2002_120_158-1">158.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Caesar_E._Farah_2002_120_158-2">158.2</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Caesar_E._Farah_2002_120_158-3">158.3</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFCaesar_E._Farah2002" class="citation book cs1">Caesar E. Farah (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/sultansyementhce00fara"><i>The Sultan's Yemen: 19th-Century Challenges to Ottoman Rule</i></a>. I.B.Tauris. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/sultansyementhce00fara/page/n142">120</a>. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/1860647677?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/1860647677"><bdi>1860647677</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sultan%27s+Yemen%3A+19th-Century+Challenges+to+Ottoman+Rule&rft.pages=120&rft.pub=I.B.Tauris&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=1860647677&rft.au=Caesar+E.+Farah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsultansyementhce00fara&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-159"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-159">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFCaesar_E._Farah2002" class="citation book cs1">Caesar E. Farah (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/sultansyementhce00fara"><i>The Sultan's Yemen: 19th-Century Challenges to Ottoman Rule</i></a>. I.B.Tauris. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/sultansyementhce00fara/page/n146">124</a>. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/1860647677?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/1860647677"><bdi>1860647677</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sultan%27s+Yemen%3A+19th-Century+Challenges+to+Ottoman+Rule&rft.pages=124&rft.pub=I.B.Tauris&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=1860647677&rft.au=Caesar+E.+Farah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsultansyementhce00fara&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-160"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-160">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFCaesar_E._Farah2002" class="citation book cs1">Caesar E. Farah (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/sultansyementhce00fara"><i>The Sultan's Yemen: 19th-Century Challenges to Ottoman Rule</i></a>. I.B.Tauris. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/sultansyementhce00fara/page/n143">121</a>. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/1860647677?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/1860647677"><bdi>1860647677</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sultan%27s+Yemen%3A+19th-Century+Challenges+to+Ottoman+Rule&rft.pages=121&rft.pub=I.B.Tauris&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=1860647677&rft.au=Caesar+E.+Farah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsultansyementhce00fara&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-161"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-161">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFR._J._Gavin1975" class="citation book cs1">R. J. Gavin (1975). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/adenunderbritish0000gavi"><i>Aden Under British Rule, 1839–1967</i></a>. C. Hurst & Co. Publishers. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/adenunderbritish0000gavi/page/60">60</a>. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/0903983141?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/0903983141"><bdi>0903983141</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Aden+Under+British+Rule%2C+1839%E2%80%931967&rft.pages=60&rft.pub=C.+Hurst+%26+Co.+Publishers&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=0903983141&rft.au=R.+J.+Gavin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fadenunderbritish0000gavi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-162"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-162">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFCaesar_E._Farah2002" class="citation book cs1">Caesar E. Farah (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/sultansyementhce00fara"><i>The Sultan's Yemen: 19th-Century Challenges to Ottoman Rule</i></a>. I.B.Tauris. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/sultansyementhce00fara/page/n154">132</a>. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/1860647677?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/1860647677"><bdi>1860647677</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sultan%27s+Yemen%3A+19th-Century+Challenges+to+Ottoman+Rule&rft.pages=132&rft.pub=I.B.Tauris&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=1860647677&rft.au=Caesar+E.+Farah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsultansyementhce00fara&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-163"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-ReferenceA_163-0">163.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-ReferenceA_163-1">163.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFCaesar_E._Farah2002" class="citation book cs1">Caesar E. Farah (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/sultansyementhce00fara"><i>The Sultan's Yemen: 19th-Century Challenges to Ottoman Rule</i></a>. I.B.Tauris. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/sultansyementhce00fara/page/n142">120</a>. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/1860647677?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/1860647677"><bdi>1860647677</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sultan%27s+Yemen%3A+19th-Century+Challenges+to+Ottoman+Rule&rft.pages=120&rft.pub=I.B.Tauris&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=1860647677&rft.au=Caesar+E.+Farah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsultansyementhce00fara&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-164"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-164">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFReeva_S._SimonMichael_Menachem_LaskierSara_Reguer2013" class="citation book cs1">Reeva S. Simon; Michael Menachem Laskier; Sara Reguer (2013). <i>The Jews of the Middle East and North Africa in Modern Times</i>. Columbia University Press. p. 390. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/0231507593?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/0231507593"><bdi>0231507593</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Jews+of+the+Middle+East+and+North+Africa+in+Modern+Times&rft.pages=390&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=0231507593&rft.au=Reeva+S.+Simon&rft.au=Michael+Menachem+Laskier&rft.au=Sara+Reguer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-165"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-165">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFCaesar_E._Farah2002" class="citation book cs1">Caesar E. Farah (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/sultansyementhce00fara"><i>The Sultan's Yemen: 19th-Century Challenges to Ottoman Rule</i></a>. I.B.Tauris. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/sultansyementhce00fara/page/n81">59</a>. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/1860647677?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/1860647677"><bdi>1860647677</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sultan%27s+Yemen%3A+19th-Century+Challenges+to+Ottoman+Rule&rft.pages=59&rft.pub=I.B.Tauris&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=1860647677&rft.au=Caesar+E.+Farah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsultansyementhce00fara&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-166"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-166">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFDerryl_N._MacleanSikeena_Karmali_Ahmed2012" class="citation book cs1">Derryl N. Maclean; Sikeena Karmali Ahmed (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/cosmopolitanisms0000unse"><i>Cosmopolitanisms in Muslim Contexts: Perspectives from the Past</i></a>. Edinburgh University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/cosmopolitanisms0000unse/page/54">54</a>. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/0748644563?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/0748644563"><bdi>0748644563</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cosmopolitanisms+in+Muslim+Contexts%3A+Perspectives+from+the+Past&rft.pages=54&rft.pub=Edinburgh+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=0748644563&rft.au=Derryl+N.+Maclean&rft.au=Sikeena+Karmali+Ahmed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcosmopolitanisms0000unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-B._Z._Eraqi_Klorman_1993_11-167"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-B._Z._Eraqi_Klorman_1993_11_167-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFB._Z._Eraqi_Klorman1993" class="citation book cs1">B. Z. Eraqi Klorman (1993). <i>The Jews of Yemen in the Nineteenth Century: A Portrait of a Messianic Community</i>. BRILL. p. 11. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/9004096841?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/9004096841"><bdi>9004096841</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Jews+of+Yemen+in+the+Nineteenth+Century%3A+A+Portrait+of+a+Messianic+Community&rft.pages=11&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=9004096841&rft.au=B.+Z.+Eraqi+Klorman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-168"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-168">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFAri_Ariel2013" class="citation book cs1">Ari Ariel (2013). <i>Jewish-Muslim Relations and Migration from Yemen to Palestine in the Late Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries</i>. BRILL. p. 37. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/9004265376?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/9004265376"><bdi>9004265376</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jewish-Muslim+Relations+and+Migration+from+Yemen+to+Palestine+in+the+Late+Nineteenth+and+Twentieth+Centuries&rft.pages=37&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9004265376&rft.au=Ari+Ariel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Doğan_Gürpınar_2013_71-169"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Do%C4%9Fan_G%C3%BCrp%C4%B1nar_2013_71_169-0">169.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Do%C4%9Fan_G%C3%BCrp%C4%B1nar_2013_71_169-1">169.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFDoğan_Gürpınar2013" class="citation book cs1">Doğan Gürpınar (2013). <i>Ottoman/Turkish Visions of the Nation, 1860–1950</i>. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 71. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/1137334215?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/1137334215"><bdi>1137334215</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ottoman%2FTurkish+Visions+of+the+Nation%2C+1860%E2%80%931950&rft.pages=71&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=1137334215&rft.au=Do%C4%9Fan+G%C3%BCrp%C4%B1nar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-170"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-170">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFCaesar_E._Farah2002" class="citation book cs1">Caesar E. Farah (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/sultansyementhce00fara"><i>The Sultan's Yemen: 19th-Century Challenges to Ottoman Rule</i></a>. I.B.Tauris. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/sultansyementhce00fara/page/n118">96</a>. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/1860647677?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/1860647677"><bdi>1860647677</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sultan%27s+Yemen%3A+19th-Century+Challenges+to+Ottoman+Rule&rft.pages=96&rft.pub=I.B.Tauris&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=1860647677&rft.au=Caesar+E.+Farah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsultansyementhce00fara&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-171"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-171">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFB._Z._Eraqi_Klorman1993" class="citation book cs1">B. Z. Eraqi Klorman (1993). <i>The Jews of Yemen in the Nineteenth Century: A Portrait of a Messianic Community</i>. BRILL. p. 12. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/9004096841?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/9004096841"><bdi>9004096841</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Jews+of+Yemen+in+the+Nineteenth+Century%3A+A+Portrait+of+a+Messianic+Community&rft.pages=12&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=9004096841&rft.au=B.+Z.+Eraqi+Klorman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-172"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-172">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFEugene_L._Rogan2002" class="citation book cs1">Eugene L. Rogan (2002). <i>Frontiers of the State in the Late Ottoman Empire: Transjordan, 1850–1921</i>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/0521892236?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/0521892236"><bdi>0521892236</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Frontiers+of+the+State+in+the+Late+Ottoman+Empire%3A+Transjordan%2C+1850%E2%80%931921&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0521892236&rft.au=Eugene+L.+Rogan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-173"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-173">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFClive_Leatherdale1983" class="citation book cs1">Clive Leatherdale (1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/britainsaudiarab0000leat"><i>Britain and Saudi Arabia, 1925–1939: The Imperial Oasis</i></a>. Psychology Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/britainsaudiarab0000leat/page/n153">140</a>. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/0714632201?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/0714632201"><bdi>0714632201</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Britain+and+Saudi+Arabia%2C+1925%E2%80%931939%3A+The+Imperial+Oasis&rft.pages=140&rft.pub=Psychology+Press&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=0714632201&rft.au=Clive+Leatherdale&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbritainsaudiarab0000leat&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-174"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-174">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFNikshoy_C._Chatterji1973" class="citation book cs1">Nikshoy C. Chatterji (1973). <i>Muddle of the Middle East, Volume 1</i>. Abhinav Publications. p. 197. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/0391003046?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/0391003046"><bdi>0391003046</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Muddle+of+the+Middle+East%2C+Volume+1&rft.pages=197&rft.pub=Abhinav+Publications&rft.date=1973&rft.isbn=0391003046&rft.au=Nikshoy+C.+Chatterji&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-175"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-175">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFHarold_F._Jacob2007" class="citation book cs1">Harold F. Jacob (2007). <i>Kings of Arabia: The Rise and Set of the Turkish Sovereignty in the Arabian Peninsula</i>. Garnet & Ithaca Press. p. 82. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/1859641989?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/1859641989"><bdi>1859641989</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kings+of+Arabia%3A+The+Rise+and+Set+of+the+Turkish+Sovereignty+in+the+Arabian+Peninsula&rft.pages=82&rft.pub=Garnet+%26+Ithaca+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=1859641989&rft.au=Harold+F.+Jacob&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-176"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-176">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFJames_Minahan2002" class="citation book cs1">James Minahan (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofst0003mina"><i>Encyclopedia of the Stateless Nations: A-C</i></a>. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofst0003mina/page/n195">195</a>. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/0313321094?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/0313321094"><bdi>0313321094</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+Stateless+Nations%3A+A-C&rft.pages=195&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0313321094&rft.au=James+Minahan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fencyclopediaofst0003mina&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-177"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-177">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFBernard_Reich1990" class="citation book cs1">Bernard Reich (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/isbn_0313262136"><i>Political Leaders of the Contemporary Middle East and North Africa: A Biographical Dictionary</i></a>. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/isbn_0313262136/page/508">508</a>. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/0313262136?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/0313262136"><bdi>0313262136</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Political+Leaders+of+the+Contemporary+Middle+East+and+North+Africa%3A+A+Biographical+Dictionary&rft.pages=508&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=0313262136&rft.au=Bernard+Reich&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_0313262136&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated34-178"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-autogenerated34_178-0">178.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-autogenerated34_178-1">178.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFPaul_Dresch2000" class="citation book cs1">Paul Dresch (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/historyofmoderny0000dres"><i>A History of Modern Yemen</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/historyofmoderny0000dres/page/34">34</a>. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/052179482X?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/052179482X"><bdi>052179482X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Modern+Yemen&rft.pages=34&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=052179482X&rft.au=Paul+Dresch&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryofmoderny0000dres&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated509-179"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-autogenerated509_179-0">179.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-autogenerated509_179-1">179.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFBernard_Reich1990" class="citation book cs1">Bernard Reich (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/isbn_0313262136"><i>Political Leaders of the Contemporary Middle East and North Africa: A Biographical Dictionary</i></a>. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/isbn_0313262136/page/509">509</a>. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/0313262136?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/0313262136"><bdi>0313262136</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Political+Leaders+of+the+Contemporary+Middle+East+and+North+Africa%3A+A+Biographical+Dictionary&rft.pages=509&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=0313262136&rft.au=Bernard+Reich&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_0313262136&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-180"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-180">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFAmeen_Rihani1960" class="citation book cs1"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ameen_Rihani&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Ameen Rihani (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Ameen Rihani</a> (1960). <i>Kings of the Arabs</i> [<i>Muluk al-Arab</i>]. Beirut: Dar al-Rihani. p. 214,215,216.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kings+of+the+Arabs&rft.place=Beirut&rft.pages=214%2C215%2C216&rft.pub=Dar+al-Rihani&rft.date=1960&rft.au=Ameen+Rihani&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-181"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-181">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFMassimiliano_Fiore2010" class="citation book cs1">Massimiliano Fiore (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/angloitalianrela00fior"><i>Anglo-Italian Relations in the Middle East, 1922–1940</i></a>. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/angloitalianrela00fior/page/n37">21</a>. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/0754697479?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/0754697479"><bdi>0754697479</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Anglo-Italian+Relations+in+the+Middle+East%2C+1922%E2%80%931940&rft.pages=21&rft.pub=Ashgate+Publishing%2C+Ltd&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=0754697479&rft.au=Massimiliano+Fiore&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fangloitalianrela00fior&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Madawi_al-Rasheed_2002_101-182"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Madawi_al-Rasheed_2002_101_182-0">182.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Madawi_al-Rasheed_2002_101_182-1">182.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Madawi_al-Rasheed_2002_101_182-2">182.2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFMadawi_al-Rasheed2002" class="citation book cs1"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Madawi_al-Rasheed&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Madawi al-Rasheed (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Madawi al-Rasheed</a> (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/historyofsaudiar0000alra"><i>A History of Saudi Arabia</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/historyofsaudiar0000alra/page/101">101</a>. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/0521644127?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/0521644127"><bdi>0521644127</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Saudi+Arabia&rft.pages=101&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0521644127&rft.au=Madawi+al-Rasheed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryofsaudiar0000alra&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-183"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-183">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFBernard_Reich1990" class="citation book cs1">Bernard Reich (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/isbn_0313262136"><i>Political Leaders of the Contemporary Middle East and North Africa: A Biographical Dictionary</i></a>. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/isbn_0313262136/page/509">509</a>. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/9780313262135?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/9780313262135"><bdi>9780313262135</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Political+Leaders+of+the+Contemporary+Middle+East+and+North+Africa%3A+A+Biographical+Dictionary&rft.pages=509&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=9780313262135&rft.au=Bernard+Reich&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_0313262136&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Madawi_al-Rasheed_97-184"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Madawi_al-Rasheed_97_184-0">184.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Madawi_al-Rasheed_97_184-1">184.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Madawi_al-Rasheed_97_184-2">184.2</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Madawi_al-Rasheed_97_184-3">184.3</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFMadawi_al-Rasheed" class="citation book cs1">Madawi al-Rasheed. <i>A History of Saudi Arabia</i>. Cambridge University Press. p. 97. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/052176128X?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/052176128X"><bdi>052176128X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Saudi+Arabia&rft.pages=97&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.isbn=052176128X&rft.au=Madawi+al-Rasheed&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-185"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-185">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFRaymond_A._HinnebuschAnoushiravan_Ehteshami2002" class="citation book cs1">Raymond A. Hinnebusch; Anoushiravan Ehteshami (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781588260208"><i>The Foreign Policies of Middle East States</i></a>. Lynne Rienner Publishers. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781588260208/page/262">262</a>. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/1588260208?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/1588260208"><bdi>1588260208</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Foreign+Policies+of+Middle+East+States&rft.pages=262&rft.pub=Lynne+Rienner+Publishers&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=1588260208&rft.au=Raymond+A.+Hinnebusch&rft.au=Anoushiravan+Ehteshami&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9781588260208&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-186"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-186">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFGlen_Balfour-Paul1994" class="citation book cs1">Glen Balfour-Paul (1994). <i>The End of Empire in the Middle East: Britain's Relinquishment of Power in Her Last Three Arab Dependencies</i>. Cambridge University Press. p. 60. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/0521466369?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/0521466369"><bdi>0521466369</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+End+of+Empire+in+the+Middle+East%3A+Britain%27s+Relinquishment+of+Power+in+Her+Last+Three+Arab+Dependencies&rft.pages=60&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=0521466369&rft.au=Glen+Balfour-Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-187"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-187">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFBernard_Reich1990" class="citation book cs1">Bernard Reich (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/isbn_0313262136"><i>Political Leaders of the Contemporary Middle East and North Africa: A Biographical Dictionary</i></a>. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/isbn_0313262136/page/510">510</a>. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/9780313262135?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/9780313262135"><bdi>9780313262135</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Political+Leaders+of+the+Contemporary+Middle+East+and+North+Africa%3A+A+Biographical+Dictionary&rft.pages=510&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=9780313262135&rft.au=Bernard+Reich&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_0313262136&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Wealth_p.117-188"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Wealth_p.117_188-0">188.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Wealth_p.117_188-1">188.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Kiren Aziz Chaudhry The Price of Wealth: Economies and Institutions in the Middle East p.117</span></li> <li id="cite_note-189"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-189">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ulrike Freitag Indian Ocean Migrants and State Formation in Hadhramaut: Reform</span></li> <li id="cite_note-190"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-190">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Don Peretz The Middle East Today p.490</span></li> <li id="cite_note-191"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-191">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">The Middle East Today By Don Peretz p.491</span></li> <li id="cite_note-192"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-192">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Human Rights Human Wrongs By M. S. Gill p.48</span></li> <li id="cite_note-193"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-193">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFF._Gregory_Gause1990" class="citation book cs1">F. Gregory Gause (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3D0yUzV-g2X2QC"><i>Saudi-Yemeni Relations: Domestic Structures and Foreign Influence</i></a>. Columbia University Press. p. 60. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/978-0-231-07044-7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/978-0-231-07044-7"><bdi>978-0-231-07044-7</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 February</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Saudi-Yemeni+Relations%3A+Domestic+Structures+and+Foreign+Influence&rft.pages=60&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-231-07044-7&rft.au=F.+Gregory+Gause&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0yUzV-g2X2QC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B8:Cite_book?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="మూస:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|work=</code> ignored (<a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%B9%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82:CS1_errors?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#periodical_ignored" title="సహాయం:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-194"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-194">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFDresch2000" class="citation book cs1">Dresch, Paul (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3D7jxR2q-F3o4C%26pg%3DPA115"><i>A History of Modern Yemen</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. p. 115. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/978-0-521-79482-4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/978-0-521-79482-4"><bdi>978-0-521-79482-4</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 February</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Modern+Yemen&rft.pages=115&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-521-79482-4&rft.aulast=Dresch&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7jxR2q-F3o4C%26pg%3DPA115&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B8:Cite_book?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="మూస:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|work=</code> ignored (<a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%B9%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82:CS1_errors?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#periodical_ignored" title="సహాయం:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-195"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-195">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Schmitthoff, Clive Macmillan, Clive M. Schmitthoff's select essays on international trade law p. 390</span></li> <li id="cite_note-BBC_Timeline-196"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-BBC_Timeline_196-0">196.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-BBC_Timeline_196-1">196.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-BBC_Timeline_196-2">196.2</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-BBC_Timeline_196-3">196.3</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-BBC_Timeline_196-4">196.4</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-BBC_Timeline_196-5">196.5</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-14704951">"Yemen profile (timeline)"</a>. BBC. 26 October 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 December</span> 2013</span>. <q>1978 – Ali Abdallah Saleh named as president of YAR.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Yemen+profile+%28timeline%29&rft.pub=BBC&rft.date=2013-10-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-middle-east-14704951&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-197"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-197">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFDresch2000" class="citation book cs1">Dresch, Paul (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/historyofmoderny0000dres"><i>A History of Modern Yemen</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/historyofmoderny0000dres/page/120">120</a>–124.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Modern+Yemen&rft.pages=120-124&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=Dresch&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryofmoderny0000dres&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-elections-198"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-elections_198-0">198.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-elections_198-1">198.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFNohlenGrotzHartmann2001" class="citation book cs1">Nohlen, Dieter; Grotz, Florian; Hartmann, Christof, eds. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DBVFBXa69tWMC%26pg%3DPA309"><i>Elections in Asia: A data handbook, Volume I</i></a>. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 309–310. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/978-0-199-24958-9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/978-0-199-24958-9"><bdi>978-0-199-24958-9</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Elections+in+Asia%3A+A+data+handbook%2C+Volume+I&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=309-310&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-199-24958-9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBVFBXa69tWMC%26pg%3DPA309&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B8:Cite_book?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="మూస:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|work=</code> ignored (<a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%B9%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82:CS1_errors?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#periodical_ignored" title="సహాయం:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-199"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-199">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20040122111532/http://www.laughtergenealogy.com/bin/histprof/misc/desertstorm.html">"Persian Gulf War, Desert Storm – War with Iraqi"</a>. Laughtergenealogy.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.laughtergenealogy.com/bin/histprof/misc/desertstorm.html">the original</a> on 22 January 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 February</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Persian+Gulf+War%2C+Desert+Storm+%E2%80%93+War+with+Iraqi&rft.pub=Laughtergenealogy.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.laughtergenealogy.com%2Fbin%2Fhistprof%2Fmisc%2Fdesertstorm.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-YemenProfile2008-200"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-YemenProfile2008_200-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/profiles/Yemen.pdf">"Country Profile: Yemen"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Library of Congress – Federal Research Division. August 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 April</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Country+Profile%3A+Yemen&rft.pub=Library+of+Congress+%E2%80%93+Federal+Research+Division&rft.date=2008-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flcweb2.loc.gov%2Ffrd%2Fcs%2Fprofiles%2FYemen.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-201"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-201">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20130511000259/http://www.realclearworld.com/printpage/?url%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.realclearworld.com%252Farticles%252F2010%252F01%252F08%252Ffighting_al-qaeda_the_role_of_yemens_president_saleh_97472.html">"Fighting al-Qaeda: The Role of Yemen's President Saleh"</a>. <i>Realclearworld.com</i>. 17 December 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.realclearworld.com/printpage/?url%3Dhttp://www.realclearworld.com/articles/2010/01/08/fighting_al-qaeda_the_role_of_yemens_president_saleh_97472.html">the original</a> on 11 మే 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 February</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Realclearworld.com&rft.atitle=Fighting+al-Qaeda%3A+The+Role+of+Yemen%27s+President+Saleh&rft.date=2009-12-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.realclearworld.com%2Fprintpage%2F%3Furl%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.realclearworld.com%2Farticles%2F2010%2F01%2F08%2Ffighting_al-qaeda_the_role_of_yemens_president_saleh_97472.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-202"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-202">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFHill,_Ginny2009" class="citation news cs1">Hill, Ginny (1 April 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2009/apr/01/yemen-guantanamo-al-qaida">"Yemen's point of no return"</a>. London: The Guardian<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 February</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Yemen%27s+point+of+no+return&rft.date=2009-04-01&rft.au=Hill%2C+Ginny&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fcommentisfree%2F2009%2Fapr%2F01%2Fyemen-guantanamo-al-qaida&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-war-203"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-war_203-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20130616022328/http://www.yca-sandwell.org.uk/history_7.htm">"Civil war"</a>. <i>Yca-sandwell.org.uk</i>. Yementi Community Association in Sandwell. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.yca-sandwell.org.uk/history_7.htm">the original</a> on 16 జూన్ 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 February</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Yca-sandwell.org.uk&rft.atitle=Civil+war&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yca-sandwell.org.uk%2Fhistory_7.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-204"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-204">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFU.S._Department_of_State" class="citation book cs1">U.S. Department of State. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DbLRoWtwJnZQC%26pg%3DPT262"><i>Background Notes: Mideast, March 2011</i></a>. InfoStrategist.com. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/978-1-59243-126-7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/978-1-59243-126-7"><bdi>978-1-59243-126-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Background+Notes%3A+Mideast%2C+March+2011&rft.pub=InfoStrategist.com&rft.isbn=978-1-59243-126-7&rft.au=U.S.+Department+of+State&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbLRoWtwJnZQC%26pg%3DPT262&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-205"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-205">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/mobile/middle_east/country_profiles/1706450.stm">"Yemen timeline"</a>. BBC. 28 November 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 February</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Yemen+timeline&rft.date=2012-11-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fmobile%2Fmiddle_east%2Fcountry_profiles%2F1706450.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-206"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-206">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_Pike2011" class="citation web cs1">John Pike (11 July 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/war/yemen1.htm">"Yemeni Civil War (1990–1994)"</a>. Global Security<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 February</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Yemeni+Civil+War+%281990%E2%80%931994%29&rft.pub=Global+Security&rft.date=2011-07-11&rft.au=John+Pike&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalsecurity.org%2Fmilitary%2Fworld%2Fwar%2Fyemen1.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:90%; color:#555">(Requires 3rd-party cookies)</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-REVERSAL-207"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-REVERSAL_207-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid%3D27058">"In eleventh-hour reversal, President Saleh announces candidacy"</a>. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=IRIN&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="IRIN (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">IRIN</a>. 25 June 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 December</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=In+eleventh-hour+reversal%2C+President+Saleh+announces+candidacy&rft.pub=IRIN&rft.date=2006-06-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.irinnews.org%2Freport.aspx%3Freportid%3D27058&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Deadly_blast-208"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Deadly_blast_208-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/7379929.stm">"Deadly blast strikes Yemen mosque"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 2 May 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 May</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Deadly+blast+strikes+Yemen+mosque&rft.date=2008-05-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fmiddle_east%2F7379929.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-209"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-209">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2012/aug/27/solution-yemen-water-crisis">"Time running out for solution to Yemen's water crisis"</a>. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=The_Guardian&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="The Guardian (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">The Guardian</a>, IRIN, quoting Jerry Farrell, country director of Save the Children in Yemen, and Ghassan Madieh, a water specialist for <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=UNICEF&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="UNICEF (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">UNICEF</a> in Yemen. 26 August 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Time+running+out+for+solution+to+Yemen%27s+water+crisis&rft.pub=The+Guardian%2C+IRIN%2C+quoting+Jerry+Farrell%2C+country+director+of+Save+the+Children+in+Yemen%2C+and+Ghassan+Madieh%2C+a+water+specialist+for+UNICEF+in+Yemen&rft.date=2012-08-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fglobal-development%2F2012%2Faug%2F27%2Fsolution-yemen-water-crisis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-presidentsaleh.gov.ye-210"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-presidentsaleh.gov.ye_210-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20101219213256/http://presidentsaleh.gov.ye/shownews.php?lng%3Den%26_newsctgry%3D2">"President Ali Abdullah Saleh Web Site"</a>. <i>Presidentsaleh.gov.ye</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.presidentsaleh.gov.ye/shownews.php?lng%3Den%26_newsctgry%3D2">the original</a> on 19 డిసెంబరు 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 5 నవంబరు 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Presidentsaleh.gov.ye&rft.atitle=President+Ali+Abdullah+Saleh+Web+Site&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.presidentsaleh.gov.ye%2Fshownews.php%3Flng%3Den%26_newsctgry%3D2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-211"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-211">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://english.aljazeera.net/archive/2006/09/200841013335763406.html">"Saleh re-elected president of Yemen"</a>. <i>Al Jazeera</i>. 23 September 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 December</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Saleh+re-elected+president+of+Yemen&rft.date=2006-09-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.aljazeera.net%2Farchive%2F2006%2F09%2F200841013335763406.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-212"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-212">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2006-09/27/content_5146302.htm">"Yemeni president takes constitutional oath for his new term"</a>. <i>News.xinhaunet.com</i>. Xinhua. 27 September 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 December</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=News.xinhaunet.com&rft.atitle=Yemeni+president+takes+constitutional+oath+for+his+new+term&rft.date=2006-09-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.xinhuanet.com%2Fenglish%2F2006-09%2F27%2Fcontent_5146302.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-213"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-213">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFDaniel_Cassman" class="citation web cs1">Daniel Cassman. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.stanford.edu/group/mappingmilitants/cgi-bin/groups/view/19%23note6">"Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula"</a>. Stanford University<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 February</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Al-Qaeda+in+the+Arabian+Peninsula&rft.pub=Stanford+University&rft.au=Daniel+Cassman&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stanford.edu%2Fgroup%2Fmappingmilitants%2Fcgi-bin%2Fgroups%2Fview%2F19%23note6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-214"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-214">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.rand.org/pubs/monographs/2010/RAND_MG962.pdf">"Regime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 17 September 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 February</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Regime+and+Periphery+in+Northern+Yemen%3A+The+Huthi+Phenomenon&rft.date=2010-09-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rand.org%2Fpubs%2Fmonographs%2F2010%2FRAND_MG962.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-215"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-215">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFRoss,_BrianEsposito,_RichardCole,_Matthew2009" class="citation news cs1">Ross, Brian; Esposito, Richard; Cole, Matthew; et al. (18 December 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://abcnews.go.com/Blotter/cruise-missiles-strike-yemen/story?id%3D9375236">"Obama Ordered U.S. Military Strike on Yemen Terrorists"</a>. <i>ABC News</i>. New York.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=Obama+Ordered+U.S.+Military+Strike+on+Yemen+Terrorists&rft.date=2009-12-18&rft.au=Ross%2C+Brian&rft.au=Esposito%2C+Richard&rft.au=Cole%2C+Matthew&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2FBlotter%2Fcruise-missiles-strike-yemen%2Fstory%3Fid%3D9375236&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-foreignpolicy.com-216"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-foreignpolicy.com_216-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20130530041122/http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/11/05/losing_yemen?page%3D0,1">"Losing Yemen: How this forgotten corner of the Arabian Peninsula became the most dangerous country in the world"</a>. <i>Foreign Policy</i>. Washington DC. 5 November 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/11/05/losing_yemen?page%3D0,1">the original</a> on 30 మే 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 February</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Foreign+Policy&rft.atitle=Losing+Yemen%3A+How+this+forgotten+corner+of+the+Arabian+Peninsula+became+the+most+dangerous+country+in+the+world&rft.date=2012-11-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.foreignpolicy.com%2Farticles%2F2012%2F11%2F05%2Flosing_yemen%3Fpage%3D0%2C1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-217"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-217">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20100101224326/http://www.inteldaily.com/news/173/ARTICLE/13254/2009-12-30.html">"In wake of airline incident: Drumbeat for US war in Yemen"</a>. <i>The Intelligence Daily</i>. 30 December 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.inteldaily.com/news/173/ARTICLE/13254/2009-12-30.html">the original</a> on 1 January 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Intelligence+Daily&rft.atitle=In+wake+of+airline+incident%3A+Drumbeat+for+US+war+in+Yemen&rft.date=2009-12-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.inteldaily.com%2Fnews%2F173%2FARTICLE%2F13254%2F2009-12-30.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-218"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-218">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFHakim_Almasmari2013" class="citation news cs1">Hakim Almasmari (31 January 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.thenational.ae/news/world/middle-east/us-makes-a-drone-attack-a-day-in-yemen">"US makes a drone attack a day in Yemen"</a>. <i>The National</i>. Abu Dhabi<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 February</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+National&rft.atitle=US+makes+a+drone+attack+a+day+in+Yemen&rft.date=2013-01-31&rft.au=Hakim+Almasmari&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thenational.ae%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fmiddle-east%2Fus-makes-a-drone-attack-a-day-in-yemen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-219"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-219">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFSiobhan_GormanAdam_Entous2011" class="citation news cs1">Siobhan Gorman; Adam Entous (14 June 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052702303848104576384051572679110.html">"CIA Plans Drone Strikes in Yemen"</a>. <i>Wall Street Journal</i>. New York<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 February</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=CIA+Plans+Drone+Strikes+in+Yemen&rft.date=2011-06-14&rft.au=Siobhan+Gorman&rft.au=Adam+Entous&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fonline.wsj.com%2Farticle%2FSB10001424052702303848104576384051572679110.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-220"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-220">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFAdam_EntousSiobhan_GormanJulian_E._Barnes2012" class="citation news cs1">Adam Entous; Siobhan Gorman; Julian E. Barnes (26 April 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052702304723304577366251852418174.html">"U.S. Relaxes Drone Rules"</a>. <i>Wall Street Journal</i>. New York.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=U.S.+Relaxes+Drone+Rules&rft.date=2012-04-26&rft.au=Adam+Entous&rft.au=Siobhan+Gorman&rft.au=Julian+E.+Barnes&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fonline.wsj.com%2Farticle%2FSB10001424052702304723304577366251852418174.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-221"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-221">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20130206012249/http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424127887324900204578286432096035960.html">"Memo on Drone Strikes Draws Scrutiny"</a>. <i>Wall Street Journal</i>. New York. 5 February 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424127887324900204578286432096035960.html">the original</a> on 6 February 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Memo+on+Drone+Strikes+Draws+Scrutiny&rft.date=2013-02-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fonline.wsj.com%2Farticle%2FSB10001424127887324900204578286432096035960.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-222"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-222">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Andrew Katz: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://world.time.com/2013/12/20/u-s-officials-drone-strike-that-hit-yemen-wedding-convoy-killed-militants-not-civilians/">U.S. Officials: Drone Strike That Hit Yemen Wedding Convoy Killed Militants, Not Civilians</a>, 20 December 2013.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-223"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-223">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jun/30/islamic-state-bomb-attack-on-huthi-rebel-leaders-in-yemen-leaves-28-dead">"Islamic State bomb attack on Houthi rebel leaders in Yemen leaves 28 dead"</a>. The Guardian. 30 June 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Islamic+State+bomb+attack+on+Houthi+rebel+leaders+in+Yemen+leaves+28+dead&rft.date=2015-06-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2015%2Fjun%2F30%2Fislamic-state-bomb-attack-on-huthi-rebel-leaders-in-yemen-leaves-28-dead&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-224"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-224">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/17/world/middleeast/khaled-bahah-houthi-rebel-yemen-fighting.html">War in Yemen Is Allowing Qaeda Group to Expand</a>". <i><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=The_New_York_Times&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="The New York Times (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">The New York Times</a></i>. 16 April 2015.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-225"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-225">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFLouisa_Loveluck2015" class="citation news cs1">Louisa Loveluck (30 June 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/islamic-state/11707328/Islamic-State-targets-Houthi-mourners-in-Yemen-with-car-bomb.html">"Islamic State targets Houthi mourners in Yemen with car bomb"</a>. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=The_Daily_Telegraph&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="The Daily Telegraph (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">The Daily Telegraph</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Islamic+State+targets+Houthi+mourners+in+Yemen+with+car+bomb&rft.date=2015-06-30&rft.au=Louisa+Loveluck&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworldnews%2Fislamic-state%2F11707328%2FIslamic-State-targets-Houthi-mourners-in-Yemen-with-car-bomb.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-226"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-226">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2015/04/expediting-arms-supplies-saudi-led-coalition-150407152205321.html">US steps up arms for Saudi campaign in Yemen</a>". <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Al-Jazeera&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Al-Jazeera (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Al-Jazeera</a>. 8 April 2015.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-bbc-20160222-227"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-bbc-20160222_227-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-35630194">"Yemen conflict: Al-Qaeda joins coalition battle for Taiz"</a>. BBC. 22 February 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Yemen+conflict%3A+Al-Qaeda+joins+coalition+battle+for+Taiz&rft.date=2016-02-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-middle-east-35630194&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-228"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-228">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFGhosh2012" class="citation news cs1">Ghosh, Bobby (17 September 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20120923195229/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,2123810,00.html">"The End of Al-Qaeda?"</a>. <i>Time</i>. New York. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,2123810,00.html">the original</a> on 23 సెప్టెంబరు 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 September</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=The+End+of+Al-Qaeda%3F&rft.date=2012-09-17&rft.aulast=Ghosh&rft.aufirst=Bobby&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C2123810%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-229"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-229">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.voanews.com/content/fighting-continues-in-yemen-before-un-peace-deal/2457211.html">"Yemeni Parties, Houthi Rebels Form Unity Government"</a>. Voice of America. 21 September 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Yemeni+Parties%2C+Houthi+Rebels+Form+Unity+Government&rft.date=2014-09-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.voanews.com%2Fcontent%2Ffighting-continues-in-yemen-before-un-peace-deal%2F2457211.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-230"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-230">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/11/09/yemen-government-crisis_n_6128974.html">"Yemen Swears In New Government Amid Crisis"</a>. The Huffington Post. 9 November 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Yemen+Swears+In+New+Government+Amid+Crisis&rft.date=2014-11-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.com%2F2014%2F11%2F09%2Fyemen-government-crisis_n_6128974.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-231"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-231">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123052802/http://www.newsday.com/news/nation/yemen-president-abed-rabbo-mansour-hadi-s-home-shelled-by-shiite-rebels-palace-taken-over-1.9826611">"Shiite rebels shell Yemen president's home, take over palace"</a>. Newsday. 20 January 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.newsday.com/news/nation/yemen-president-abed-rabbo-mansour-hadi-s-home-shelled-by-shiite-rebels-palace-taken-over-1.9826611">the original</a> on 23 జనవరి 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Shiite+rebels+shell+Yemen+president%27s+home%2C+take+over+palace&rft.date=2015-01-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newsday.com%2Fnews%2Fnation%2Fyemen-president-abed-rabbo-mansour-hadi-s-home-shelled-by-shiite-rebels-palace-taken-over-1.9826611&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-232"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-232">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/worldviews/wp/2015/01/20/whats-happening-in-yemens-potential-coup/">"Here is what's happening in Yemen"</a>. The Washington Post. 22 January 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Here+is+what%E2%80%99s+happening+in+Yemen&rft.date=2015-01-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fblogs%2Fworldviews%2Fwp%2F2015%2F01%2F20%2Fwhats-happening-in-yemens-potential-coup%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-withdraw-233"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-withdraw_233-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFRohan2015" class="citation news cs1">Rohan, Brian (22 February 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.usnews.com/news/world/articles/2015/02/22/hadi-once-quiet-leader-of-yemen-strikes-newly-defiant-pose">"Hadi, a once-quiet leader of a fractious Yemen, strikes defiant pose by reclaiming presidency"</a>. <i>U.S. News and World Report</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=U.S.+News+and+World+Report&rft.atitle=Hadi%2C+a+once-quiet+leader+of+a+fractious+Yemen%2C+strikes+defiant+pose+by+reclaiming+presidency&rft.date=2015-02-22&rft.aulast=Rohan&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usnews.com%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Farticles%2F2015%2F02%2F22%2Fhadi-once-quiet-leader-of-yemen-strikes-newly-defiant-pose&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-aden_dw-234"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-aden_dw_234-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.dw.de/yemens-president-hadi-declares-new-temporary-capital/a-18332197">"Yemen's President Hadi declares new 'temporary capital'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. Deutsche Welle. 21 March 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Yemen%27s+President+Hadi+declares+new+%27temporary+capital%27&rft.date=2015-03-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.de%2Fyemens-president-hadi-declares-new-temporary-capital%2Fa-18332197&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-235"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-235">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2015/03/07/President-Hadi-says-Aden-is-Yemen-s-capital-.html">"President Hadi says Aden is Yemen's 'capital'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. Al Arabiya. 7 March 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=President+Hadi+says+Aden+is+Yemen%E2%80%99s+%E2%80%98capital%E2%80%99&rft.date=2015-03-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.alarabiya.net%2Fen%2FNews%2Fmiddle-east%2F2015%2F03%2F07%2FPresident-Hadi-says-Aden-is-Yemen-s-capital-.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-CIA-236"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-CIA_236-0">236.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-CIA_236-1">236.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-CIA_236-2">236.2</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-CIA_236-3">236.3</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-CIA_236-4">236.4</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-CIA_236-5">236.5</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-CIA_236-6">236.6</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20160806090404/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ym.html">"Yemen"</a>. <i>Central Intelligence Agency</i>. CIA World Factbook. 6 December 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ym.html">the original</a> on 6 ఆగస్టు 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 26 నవంబరు 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Central+Intelligence+Agency&rft.atitle=Yemen&rft.date=2013-12-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fgeos%2Fym.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-237"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-237">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.fao.org/docrep/005/y4357e/y4357e15.htm">"The state of land and water resources in Yemen"</a>. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Food_and_Agriculture_Organization&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Food and Agriculture Organization (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Food and Agriculture Organization</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+state+of+land+and+water+resources+in+Yemen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fao.org%2Fdocrep%2F005%2Fy4357e%2Fy4357e15.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-QatProduction-238"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-QatProduction_238-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFAdam_Heffez2013" class="citation web cs1">Adam Heffez (23 July 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/139596/adam-heffez/how-yemen-chewed-itself-dry?cid%3Dsoc-facebook-in-snapshots-how_yemen_chewed_itself_dry-122713">"Water Problem due to cultivation of Qat"</a>. Foreign Affairs<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 December</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Water+Problem+due+to+cultivation+of+Qat&rft.pub=Foreign+Affairs&rft.date=2013-07-23&rft.au=Adam+Heffez&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.foreignaffairs.com%2Farticles%2F139596%2Fadam-heffez%2Fhow-yemen-chewed-itself-dry%3Fcid%3Dsoc-facebook-in-snapshots-how_yemen_chewed_itself_dry-122713&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-239"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-239">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Middle-East/2012/1027/Entrepreneur-tries-to-get-Yemenis-buzzing-about-coffee-not-qat">"Entrepreneur tries to get Yemenis buzzing about coffee, not qat"</a>. CSMonitor.com. 2012-10-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-12-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Entrepreneur+tries+to+get+Yemenis+buzzing+about+coffee%2C+not+qat&rft.pub=CSMonitor.com&rft.date=2012-10-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.csmonitor.com%2FWorld%2FMiddle-East%2F2012%2F1027%2FEntrepreneur-tries-to-get-Yemenis-buzzing-about-coffee-not-qat&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-240"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-240">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/652831/Yemen">"Yemen"</a>. Encyclopaedia Britannica. 23 April 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 February</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Yemen&rft.pub=Encyclopaedia+Britannica&rft.date=2013-04-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F652831%2FYemen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-241"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-241">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.imf.org/external/NP/prsp/2000/yem/01/123100.pdf">"Republic of Yemen: Interim Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. International Monetary Fund. December 2000<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 March</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Republic+of+Yemen%3A+Interim+Poverty+Reduction+Strategy+Paper&rft.pub=International+Monetary+Fund&rft.date=2000-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.imf.org%2Fexternal%2FNP%2Fprsp%2F2000%2Fyem%2F01%2F123100.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-242"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-242">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.imf.org/external/np/pfp/1999/yemen/index.htm%23I">"Policy Framework Paper -- Yemen: Enhanced Structural Adjustment Facility Medium-Term Economic and Financial Policy Framework Paper 1999-2001 -- Table of Contents"</a>. <i>www.imf.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-02-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.imf.org&rft.atitle=Policy+Framework+Paper+--+Yemen%3A+Enhanced+Structural+Adjustment+Facility+Medium-Term+Economic+and+Financial+Policy+Framework+Paper+1999-2001+--+Table+of+Contents&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imf.org%2Fexternal%2Fnp%2Fpfp%2F1999%2Fyemen%2Findex.htm%23I&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-243"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-243">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/">"The Times & The Sunday Times"</a>. <i>www.thetimes.co.uk</i> (in ఇంగ్లీష్)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-02-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.thetimes.co.uk&rft.atitle=The+Times+%26+The+Sunday+Times&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thetimes.co.uk%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-244"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-244">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20150626113733/http://www.grida.no/climate/ipcc_tar/wg2/180.htm">"Climate Change 2001: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.grida.no/climate/ipcc_tar/wg2/180.htm">the original</a> on 26 జూన్ 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Climate+Change+2001%3A+Impacts%2C+Adaptation+and+Vulnerability&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.grida.no%2Fclimate%2Fipcc_tar%2Fwg2%2F180.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-IRIN-245"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-IRIN_245-0">245.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-IRIN_245-1">245.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.irinnews.org/report/96093/yemen-time-running-out-for-solution-to-water-crisis">"YEMEN: Time running out for solution to water crisis"</a>. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=IRIN&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="IRIN (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">IRIN</a>. 13 August 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=YEMEN%3A+Time+running+out+for+solution+to+water+crisis&rft.date=2012-08-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.irinnews.org%2Freport%2F96093%2Fyemen-time-running-out-for-solution-to-water-crisis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Time_Ecocentric-246"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Time_Ecocentric_246-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFMahr2010" class="citation news cs1">Mahr, Krista (Dec 14, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://science.time.com/2010/12/14/what-if-yemen-is-first-country-to-run-out-of-water/">"What If Yemen Is the First Country to Run Out of Water?"</a>. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=TIME_Magazine&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="TIME Magazine (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">TIME Magazine</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=What+If+Yemen+Is+the+First+Country+to+Run+Out+of+Water%3F&rft.date=2010-12-14&rft.aulast=Mahr&rft.aufirst=Krista&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fscience.time.com%2F2010%2F12%2F14%2Fwhat-if-yemen-is-first-country-to-run-out-of-water%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-WaPo-247"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-WaPo_247-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFal-MujahedNaylor2015" class="citation news cs1">al-Mujahed, Ali; Naylor, Hugh (23 July 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/in-yemens-grinding-war-if-the-bombs-dont-get-you-the-water-shortages-will/2015/07/22/a0f60118-299e-11e5-960f-22c4ba982ed4_story.html">"In Yemen's grinding war, if the bombs don't get you, the water shortages will"</a>. <i><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Washington_Post&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Washington Post (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Washington Post</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Post&rft.atitle=In+Yemen%E2%80%99s+grinding+war%2C+if+the+bombs+don%E2%80%99t+get+you%2C+the+water+shortages+will&rft.date=2015-07-23&rft.aulast=al-Mujahed&rft.aufirst=Ali&rft.au=Naylor%2C+Hugh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fworld%2Fmiddle_east%2Fin-yemens-grinding-war-if-the-bombs-dont-get-you-the-water-shortages-will%2F2015%2F07%2F22%2Fa0f60118-299e-11e5-960f-22c4ba982ed4_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-cia-248"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-cia_248-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224211117/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/al.html">"The World Factbook: Albania"</a>. Central Intelligence Agency. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/al.html">the original</a> on 24 డిసెంబరు 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 June</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+World+Factbook%3A+Albania&rft.pub=Central+Intelligence+Agency&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fgeos%2Fal.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-249"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-249">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.sabanews.net/en/news85385.htm">"The General Census of Population 2004"</a>. Sabanews. 29 December 2004 [Updated 13 December 2013]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 December</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+General+Census+of+Population+2004&rft.pub=Sabanews&rft.date=2004-12-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sabanews.net%2Fen%2Fnews85385.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-250"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-250">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110624112144/http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/books/article3952775.ece">"The population explosion on Europe's doorstep"</a>. <i>Times (London)</i>. London. 18 May 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/books/article3952775.ece">the original</a> on 24 జూన్ 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 February</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Times+%28London%29&rft.atitle=The+population+explosion+on+Europe%27s+doorstep&rft.date=2008-05-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fentertainment.timesonline.co.uk%2Ftol%2Farts_and_entertainment%2Fbooks%2Farticle3952775.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-251"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-251">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928034809/http://irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId%3D79232">"Yemen: Government planning to curb population growth"</a>. IRIN Middle East. 14 July 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId%3D79232">the original</a> on 28 సెప్టెంబరు 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 February</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Yemen%3A+Government+planning+to+curb+population+growth&rft.pub=IRIN+Middle+East&rft.date=2008-07-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Firinnews.org%2FReport.aspx%3FReportId%3D79232&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:90%; color:#555">(for Arabic, read it here: <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://arabic.irinnews.org/reportarabic.aspx?sid%3D866">[1]</a>.)</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-252"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-252">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20091028133713/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2127rank.html">"Country Comparison: Total fertility rate"</a>. <i>Central Intelligence Agency</i>. CIA World Factbook. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2127rank.html">the original</a> on 28 అక్టోబరు 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 February</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Central+Intelligence+Agency&rft.atitle=Country+Comparison%3A+Total+fertility+rate&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Frankorder%2F2127rank.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-253"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-253">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFEric_Hansen2006" class="citation news cs1">Eric Hansen (January 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20131127165256/http://www.saudiaramcoworld.com/issue/200601/sana.a.rising.htm">"Sana'a Rising"</a>. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Saudi_Aramco_World&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Saudi Aramco World (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Saudi Aramco World</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.saudiaramcoworld.com/issue/200601/sana.a.rising.htm">the original</a> on 27 నవంబరు 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 December</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Sana%27a+Rising&rft.date=2006-01&rft.au=Eric+Hansen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.saudiaramcoworld.com%2Fissue%2F200601%2Fsana.a.rising.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-254"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-254">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/35836.htm">"U.S. Relations With Yemen"</a>. U.S. Department of State. 28 August 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=U.S.+Relations+With+Yemen&rft.pub=U.S.+Department+of+State&rft.date=2013-08-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.state.gov%2Fr%2Fpa%2Fei%2Fbgn%2F35836.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-255"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-255">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFFlamand,_AnnasofieMacleod,_Hugh2009" class="citation news cs1">Flamand, Annasofie; Macleod, Hugh (5 December 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.heraldscotland.com/news/world-news/the-children-of-yemen-s-tribal-war-1.990167">"The children of Yemen's tribal war"</a>. <i>The Herald Scotland</i>. Glasgow<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 February</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Herald+Scotland&rft.atitle=The+children+of+Yemen%27s+tribal+war&rft.date=2009-12-05&rft.au=Flamand%2C+Annasofie&rft.au=Macleod%2C+Hugh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.heraldscotland.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-news%2Fthe-children-of-yemen-s-tribal-war-1.990167&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-256"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-256">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFPike,_John2011" class="citation web cs1">Pike, John (5 July 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/intro/islam-zaydi.htm">"Zaydi Islam"</a>. Globalsecurity.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Potter (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DncfIAAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA7%26dq"><i>The Persian Gulf in History</i></a>. p. 7.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Persian+Gulf+in+History&rft.pages=7&rft.date=2009&rft.au=Lawrence+G.+Potter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DncfIAAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA7%26dq&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-259"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-259">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFPirouz_Mojtahed-Zadeh2013" class="citation book cs1">Pirouz Mojtahed-Zadeh (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DEUL8AQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA64%26dq"><i>Security and Territoriality in the Persian Gulf: A Maritime Political Geography</i></a>. p. 64.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Security+and+Territoriality+in+the+Persian+Gulf%3A+A+Maritime+Political+Geography&rft.pages=64&rft.date=2013&rft.au=Pirouz+Mojtahed-Zadeh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEUL8AQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA64%26dq&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-260"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-260">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/vjw/Yemen.html">"Yemen"</a>. Jewish Virtual Library. 22 May 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 February</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Yemen&rft.pub=Jewish+Virtual+Library&rft.date=2012-05-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishvirtuallibrary.org%2Fjsource%2Fvjw%2FYemen.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-261"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-261">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/anti-semitism/yemenjews.html">"The Jews of Yemen"</a>. Jewish Virtual Library<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 February</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Jews+of+Yemen&rft.pub=Jewish+Virtual+Library&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishvirtuallibrary.org%2Fjsource%2Fanti-semitism%2Fyemenjews.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-262"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-262">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110312120804/http://www.eoisanaa.org/NRI.html">"Indian Diaspora in Yemen"</a>. Indian Embassy in Sanaa. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.eoisanaa.org/NRI.html">the original</a> on 12 March 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 February</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Indian+Diaspora+in+Yemen&rft.pub=Indian+Embassy+in+Sanaa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eoisanaa.org%2FNRI.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-263"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-263">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.managementtoday.co.uk/news/648273/">"The world's successful diasporas"</a>. <i>Management Today</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 December</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Management+Today&rft.atitle=The+world%27s+successful+diasporas&rft.date=2007-04-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.managementtoday.co.uk%2Fnews%2F648273%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-264"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-264">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFAmeen_Ali_Talib1995" class="citation web cs1">Ameen Ali Talib (నవంబరు 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20131212053809/http://www.al-bab.com/bys/articles/talib95.htm">"Hadramis in Singapore"</a>. <i>Al-bab.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.al-bab.com/bys/articles/talib95.htm">the original</a> on 12 డిసెంబరు 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 26 నవంబరు 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al-bab.com&rft.atitle=Hadramis+in+Singapore&rft.date=1995-11&rft.au=Ameen+Ali+Talib&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.al-bab.com%2Fbys%2Farticles%2Ftalib95.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-265"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-265">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://countrystudies.us/mauritania/8.htm">"Mauritania – Arab invasions"</a>. <i><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Library_of_Congress_Country_Studies&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Library of Congress Country Studies (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Library of Congress Country Studies</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 December</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Library+of+Congress+Country+Studies&rft.atitle=Mauritania+%E2%80%93+Arab+invasions&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcountrystudies.us%2Fmauritania%2F8.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><span> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/15px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 15px;height: 15px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/15px-PD-icon.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="15" data-height="15" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/23px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/30px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> <i>This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Public_domain?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Public domain">public domain</a>.</i></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Jonathan_Fowler-266"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Jonathan_Fowler_266-0">266.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Jonathan_Fowler_266-1">266.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFJonathan_Fowler2014" class="citation web cs1">Jonathan Fowler (18 October 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018175000/http://www.yourmiddleeast.com/news/red-sea-drownings-of-yemenbound-migrants-hit-new-high_27334">"Red Sea drownings of Yemen-bound migrants hit new high"</a>. <i>Your Middle East</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.yourmiddleeast.com/news/red-sea-drownings-of-yemenbound-migrants-hit-new-high_27334">the original</a> on 18 అక్టోబరు 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 October</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Your+Middle+East&rft.atitle=Red+Sea+drownings+of+Yemen-bound+migrants+hit+new+high&rft.date=2014-10-18&rft.au=Jonathan+Fowler&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yourmiddleeast.com%2Fnews%2Fred-sea-drownings-of-yemenbound-migrants-hit-new-high_27334&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-World_Refugee_Survey_2008-267"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-World_Refugee_Survey_2008_267-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20121228132236/http://www.refugees.org/resources/refugee-warehousing/archived-world-refugee-surveys/2008-world-refugee-survey.html">"World Refugee Survey 2008"</a>. U.S. Committee for Refugees and Immigrants. 19 జూన్ 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.refugees.org/resources/refugee-warehousing/archived-world-refugee-surveys/2008-world-refugee-survey.html">the original</a> on 28 డిసెంబరు 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 26 నవంబరు 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World+Refugee+Survey+2008&rft.pub=U.S.+Committee+for+Refugees+and+Immigrants&rft.date=2008-06-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.refugees.org%2Fresources%2Frefugee-warehousing%2Farchived-world-refugee-surveys%2F2008-world-refugee-survey.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-268"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-268">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20131206123749/http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/09/26/us-syria-crisis-yemen-idUSBRE98P0FC20130926">"Poor and desperate, Syrian refugees beg on Yemen's streets"</a>. Reuters. 26 September 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/09/26/us-syria-crisis-yemen-idUSBRE98P0FC20130926">the original</a> on 6 డిసెంబరు 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 December</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Poor+and+desperate%2C+Syrian+refugees+beg+on+Yemen%27s+streets&rft.date=2013-09-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2F2013%2F09%2F26%2Fus-syria-crisis-yemen-idUSBRE98P0FC20130926&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-269"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-269">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFBlack,_Ian2013" class="citation news cs1">Black, Ian (2 April 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/apr/02/saudi-arabia-expels-yemeni-workers">"Saudi Arabia expels thousands of Yemeni workers"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. London<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 October</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Saudi+Arabia+expels+thousands+of+Yemeni+workers&rft.date=2013-04-02&rft.au=Black%2C+Ian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2013%2Fapr%2F02%2Fsaudi-arabia-expels-yemeni-workers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-270"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-270">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/history/uk_1.shtml">"History of Islam in the UK"</a>. BBC. 7 September 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 March</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+Islam+in+the+UK&rft.pub=BBC&rft.date=2009-09-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Freligion%2Freligions%2Fislam%2Fhistory%2Fuk_1.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-271"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-271">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFWoodard,_Roger_D.2008" class="citation book cs1">Woodard, Roger D. (10 April 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DUQpAuNIP4oIC%26pg%3DPA228"><i>The Ancient Languages of Asia and the Americas</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. p. 228. <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/978-0-521-68494-1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/978-0-521-68494-1"><bdi>978-0-521-68494-1</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 June</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ancient+Languages+of+Asia+and+the+Americas&rft.pages=228&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2008-04-10&rft.isbn=978-0-521-68494-1&rft.au=Woodard%2C+Roger+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUQpAuNIP4oIC%26pg%3DPA228&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-272"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-272">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.ethnologue.com/show_family.asp?subid%3D2144-16">"Ethnologue entry for South Arabian languages"</a>. Ethnologue.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 March</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ethnologue+entry+for+South+Arabian+languages&rft.pub=Ethnologue.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ethnologue.com%2Fshow_family.asp%3Fsubid%3D2144-16&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-273"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-273">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.ethnologue.com/country/YE/languages">"Yemen - Languages"</a>. Ethnologue. 1999-02-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-12-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Yemen+-+Languages&rft.pub=Ethnologue&rft.date=1999-02-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ethnologue.com%2Fcountry%2FYE%2Flanguages&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-274"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-274">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://stats.wikimedia.org/archive/squid_reports/2013-09/SquidReportPageViewsPerCountryBreakdownHuge.htm">Languages of Yemen</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-275"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-275">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.state.gov/documents/organization/208632.pdf">http://www.state.gov/documents/organization/208632.pdf</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-276"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-276">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.state.gov/documents/organization/208632.pdf">"YEMEN 2012 INTERNATIONAL RELIGIOUS FREEDOM REPORT"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. U.S. Department of State.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=YEMEN+2012+INTERNATIONAL+RELIGIOUS+FREEDOM+REPORT&rft.pub=U.S.+Department+of+State&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.state.gov%2Fdocuments%2Forganization%2F208632.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-UNHRC-277"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-UNHRC_277-0">277.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-UNHRC_277-1">277.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/topic,45a5199f2,45a5f8b22,488f180d1e,0.html">"Yemen: The conflict in Saada Governorate – analysis"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 January</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Yemen%3A+The+conflict+in+Saada+Governorate+%E2%80%93+analysis&rft.pub=UN+High+Commissioner+for+Refugees&rft.date=2008-07-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhcr.org%2Frefworld%2Ftopic%2C45a5199f2%2C45a5f8b22%2C488f180d1e%2C0.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-278"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-278">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFAl-Zaidi,_Hassan2007" class="citation news cs1">Al-Zaidi, Hassan (22 October 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20071022055452/http://www.yementimes.com/article.shtml?i%3D768%26p%3Dcommunity%26a%3D2">"The Twelve-Imam Shiite Sect"</a>. <i>Yemen Times</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.yementimes.com/article.shtml?i%3D768%26p%3Dcommunity%26a%3D2">the original</a> on 22 అక్టోబరు 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 26 నవంబరు 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Yemen+Times&rft.atitle=The+Twelve-Imam+Shiite+Sect&rft.date=2007-10-22&rft.au=Al-Zaidi%2C+Hassan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yementimes.com%2Farticle.shtml%3Fi%3D768%26p%3Dcommunity%26a%3D2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-279"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-279">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20131206102826/http://www.medea.be/en/countries/yemen/yemen/">"Yemen"</a>. Institut MEDEA. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.medea.be/en/countries/yemen/yemen/">the original</a> on 6 డిసెంబరు 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 December</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Yemen&rft.pub=Institut+MEDEA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.medea.be%2Fen%2Fcountries%2Fyemen%2Fyemen%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-us-280"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-us_280-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">United States Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2008/108496.htm">Yemen: International Religious Freedom Report 2008</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20120123054053/http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2008/108496.htm">Archived</a> 2012-01-23 at the <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <span typeof="mw:File"><span> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/15px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 15px;height: 15px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/15px-PD-icon.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="15" data-height="15" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/23px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/30px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> <i>This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the <a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Public_domain?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Public domain">public domain</a>.</i></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Guide:_Christians_in_the_Middle_East-281"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Guide:_Christians_in_the_Middle_East_281-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-15239529">"Guide: Christians in the Middle East"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Guide%3A+Christians+in+the+Middle+East&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-middle-east-15239529&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-282"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-282">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFJohnstoneMiller2015" class="citation journal cs1">Johnstone, Patrick; Miller, Duane Alexander (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20190928201901/https://www.academia.edu/16338087/Believers_in_Christ_from_a_Muslim_Background_A_Global_Census">"Believers in Christ from a Muslim Background: A Global Census"</a>. <i>IJRR</i>. <b>11</b>: 17. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.academia.edu/16338087/Believers_in_Christ_from_a_Muslim_Background_A_Global_Census">the original</a> on 28 సెప్టెంబర్ 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IJRR&rft.atitle=Believers+in+Christ+from+a+Muslim+Background%3A+A+Global+Census&rft.volume=11&rft.pages=17&rft.date=2015&rft.aulast=Johnstone&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft.au=Miller%2C+Duane+Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F16338087%2FBelievers_in_Christ_from_a_Muslim_Background_A_Global_Census&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B8:Cite_journal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="మూస:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Check date values in: <code class="cs1-code">|archive-date=</code> (<a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%B9%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82:CS1_errors?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#bad_date" title="సహాయం:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-283"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-283">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFBen_Zion2016" class="citation news cs1">Ben Zion, Ilan (21 March 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.timesofisrael.com/17-yemenite-jews-secretly-airlifted-to-israel/">"17 Yemenite Jews secretly airlifted to Israel in end to 'historic mission'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Times_of_Israel&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Times of Israel (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Times of Israel</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Times+of+Israel&rft.atitle=17+Yemenite+Jews+secretly+airlifted+to+Israel+in+end+to+%E2%80%98historic+mission%E2%80%99&rft.date=2016-03-21&rft.aulast=Ben+Zion&rft.aufirst=Ilan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesofisrael.com%2F17-yemenite-jews-secretly-airlifted-to-israel%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> </ol><!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐64f8f8dcdb‐m26r5 Cached time: 20250221160311 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 1.865 seconds Real time usage: 2.094 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 12726/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 465820/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 4358/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 16/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 1014975/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 1.176/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 15094440/52428800 bytes Lua Profile: ? 280 ms 24.1% dataWrapper <mw.lua:672> 180 ms 15.5% MediaWiki\Extension\Scribunto\Engines\LuaSandbox\LuaSandboxCallback::anchorEncode 80 ms 6.9% <mw.lua:694> 80 ms 6.9% MediaWiki\Extension\Scribunto\Engines\LuaSandbox\LuaSandboxCallback::find 60 ms 5.2% MediaWiki\Extension\Scribunto\Engines\LuaSandbox\LuaSandboxCallback::plain 60 ms 5.2% MediaWiki\Extension\Scribunto\Engines\LuaSandbox\LuaSandboxCallback::getAllExpandedArguments 60 ms 5.2% MediaWiki\Extension\Scribunto\Engines\LuaSandbox\LuaSandboxCallback::preprocess 40 ms 3.4% makeMessage <mw.message.lua:76> 40 ms 3.4% select_one <మాడ్యూల్:Citation/CS1/Utilities:426> 40 ms 3.4% [others] 240 ms 20.7% Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 1622.830 1 -total 45.17% 732.958 156 మూస:Cite_book 12.31% 199.763 51 మూస:Cite_web 8.32% 135.090 36 మూస:Cite_news 6.91% 112.157 1 మూస:Lang-ar 6.87% 111.503 2 మూస:Lang 4.89% 79.283 1 మూస:ఆసియా 4.70% 76.340 1 మూస:Navbox_generic 3.19% 51.754 1 మూస:దేశ_సమాచారపెట్టె1 2.74% 44.482 1 మూస:IPAc-en --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key tewiki:pcache:60304:|#|:idhash:canonical and timestamp 20250221160311 and revision id 4407243. 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href="https://te-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D&action=history&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"><span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="InternetArchiveBot" data-user-gender="unknown" data-timestamp="1738986561"> <span>Last edited on 8 ఫిబ్రవరి 2025, at 03:49</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div></a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id="mw-data-after-content"> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen – ఇంగ్లీష్" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Yemen" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ఇంగ్లీష్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%25AE%25E0%25A4%25A8" title="यमन – హిందీ" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="यमन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="హిందీ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B2%25AF%25E0%25B2%25AE%25E0%25B2%25A8%25E0%25B3%258D" title="ಯಮನ್ – కన్నడ" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಯಮನ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="కన్నడ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25AE%25AF%25E0%25AF%2586%25E0%25AE%25AE%25E0%25AE%25A9%25E0%25AF%258D" title="யெமன் – తమిళం" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="யெமன்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="తమిళం" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B4%25AF%25E0%25B5%2586%25E0%25B4%25AE%25E0%25B5%25BB" title="യെമൻ – మలయాళం" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="യെമൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="మలయాళం" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2598%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BD" title="Иемен – అబ్ఖాజియన్" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Иемен" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="అబ్ఖాజియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaman" title="Yaman – ఆఖినీస్" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Yaman" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="ఆఖినీస్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2599%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BD" title="Йемен – అడిగాబ్జే" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Йемен" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="అడిగాబ్జే" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jemen" title="Jemen – ఆఫ్రికాన్స్" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Jemen" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="ఆఫ్రికాన్స్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jemen" title="Jemen – స్విస్ జర్మన్" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Jemen" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="స్విస్ జర్మన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%258B%25A8%25E1%2588%2598%25E1%258A%2595_(%25E1%258A%25A0%25E1%258C%2588%25E1%2588%25AD)" title="የመን (አገር) – అమ్హారిక్" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="የመን (አገር)" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="అమ్హారిక్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Yemen" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangcah</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen – అరగోనిస్" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Yemen" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="అరగోనిస్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemen" title="Gemen – ప్రాచీన ఆంగ్లం" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Gemen" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="ప్రాచీన ఆంగ్లం" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%25AE%25E0%25A4%25A8" title="यमन – ఆంగిక" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="यमन" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="ఆంగిక" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="విశేష వ్యాసాలు"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%258A%25D9%2585%25D9%2586" title="اليمن – అరబిక్" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اليمن" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="అరబిక్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DC%259D%25DC%25A1%25DC%25A2" title="ܝܡܢ – అరామైక్" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܝܡܢ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="అరామైక్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2584%25D9%258A%25D8%25A7%25D9%2585%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586" title="ليامان – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="ليامان" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%258A%25D9%2585%25D9%2586" title="اليمن – ఈజిప్షియన్ అరబిక్" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اليمن" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="ఈజిప్షియన్ అరబిక్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%25AF%25E0%25A6%25BC%25E0%25A7%2587%25E0%25A6%25AE%25E0%25A7%2587%25E0%25A6%25A8" title="য়েমেন – అస్సామీస్" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="য়েমেন" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="అస్సామీస్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yeme" title="Yeme – ఆస్టూరియన్" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Yeme" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="ఆస్టూరియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2599%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD" title="Йаман – అవారిక్" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Йаман" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="అవారిక్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2597%25E0%25A4%25A3%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A4%25A8%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0_%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%25AE%25E0%25A4%25A8" title="गणतन्त्र यमन – అవధి" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="गणतन्त्र यमन" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="అవధి" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y%25C9%2599m%25C9%2599n" title="Yəmən – అజర్బైజాని" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Yəmən" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="అజర్బైజాని" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DB%258C%25D9%2585%25D9%2586" title="یمن – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="یمن" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2599%25D3%2599%25D0%25BC%25D3%2599%25D0%25BD" title="Йәмән – బాష్కిర్" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Йәмән" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="బాష్కిర్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaman" title="Yaman – బాలినీస్" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Yaman" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="బాలినీస్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jemen" title="Jemen – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Jemen" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jemens" title="Jemens – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Jemens" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Yemen" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2595%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BD" title="Емен – బెలారుషియన్" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Емен" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="బెలారుషియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2595%25D0%25BC%25D1%258D%25D0%25BD" title="Емэн – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Емэн" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaman" title="Yaman – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Yaman" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2599%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BD" title="Йемен – బల్గేరియన్" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Йемен" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="బల్గేరియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%25AE%25E0%25A4%25A8" title="यमन – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="यमन" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen – బిస్లామా" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Yemen" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="బిస్లామా" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%2587%25E0%25A6%25AF%25E0%25A6%25BC%25E0%25A7%2587%25E0%25A6%25AE%25E0%25A7%2587%25E0%25A6%25A8" title="ইয়েমেন – బంగ్లా" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ইয়েমেন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="బంగ్లా" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25BD%25A1%25E0%25BD%25BA%25E0%25BC%258B%25E0%25BD%2598%25E0%25BD%25BA%25E0%25BD%2593%25E0%25BC%258D" title="ཡེ་མེན། – టిబెటన్" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཡེ་མེན།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="టిబెటన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%2587%25E0%25A6%25AF%25E0%25A6%25BC%25E0%25A7%2587%25E0%25A6%25AE%25E0%25A7%2587%25E0%25A6%25A8" title="ইয়েমেন – బిష్ణుప్రియ" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="ইয়েমেন" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="బిష్ణుప్రియ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen – బ్రెటన్" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Yemen" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="బ్రెటన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jemen" title="Jemen – బోస్నియన్" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Jemen" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="బోస్నియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaman" title="Yaman – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Yaman" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bug mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%25A8%2590%25E1%25A8%2586%25E1%25A8%258A" title="ᨐᨆᨊ – బుగినీస్" lang="bug" hreflang="bug" data-title="ᨐᨆᨊ" data-language-autonym="Basa Ugi" data-language-local-name="బుగినీస్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Ugi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2599%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BD" title="Йемен – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Йемен" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iemen" title="Iemen – కాటలాన్" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Iemen" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="కాటలాన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Yemen" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Yemen" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2599%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD" title="Йаман – చెచెన్" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Йаман" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="చెచెన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen – సెబువానో" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Yemen" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="సెబువానో" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DB%258C%25DB%2595%25D9%2585%25DB%2595%25D9%2586" title="یەمەن – సెంట్రల్ కర్డిష్" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="یەمەن" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="సెంట్రల్ కర్డిష్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen – కోర్సికన్" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Yemen" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="కోర్సికన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen – క్రిమియన్ టర్కిష్" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Yemen" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="క్రిమియన్ టర్కిష్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jemen" title="Jemen – చెక్" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Jemen" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="చెక్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jemen" title="Jemen – కషుబియన్" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Jemen" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="కషుబియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2599%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BD" title="Йемен – చువాష్" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Йемен" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="చువాష్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iemen" title="Iemen – వెల్ష్" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Iemen" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="వెల్ష్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen – డానిష్" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Yemen" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="డానిష్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jemen" title="Jemen – జర్మన్" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Jemen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="జర్మన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Yemen" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jemen" title="Jemen – లోయర్ సోర్బియన్" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Jemen" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="లోయర్ సోర్బియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaman" title="Yaman – Central Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Yaman" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Central Dusun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%25AE%25E0%25A4%25A8" title="यमन – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="यमन" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DE%2594%25DE%25A6%25DE%2589%25DE%25A6%25DE%2582%25DE%25B0" title="ޔަމަން – దివేహి" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ޔަމަން" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="దివేహి" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25CE%25A5%25CE%25B5%25CE%25BC%25CE%25AD%25CE%25BD%25CE%25B7" title="Υεμένη – గ్రీక్" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Υεμένη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="గ్రీక్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jemeno" title="Jemeno – ఎస్పెరాంటో" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Jemeno" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="ఎస్పెరాంటో" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen – స్పానిష్" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Yemen" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="స్పానిష్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeemen" title="Jeemen – ఎస్టోనియన్" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Jeemen" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="ఎస్టోనియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen – బాస్క్యూ" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Yemen" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="బాస్క్యూ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Yemen" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DB%258C%25D9%2585%25D9%2586" title="یمن – పర్షియన్" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="یمن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="పర్షియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaman" title="Yaman – ఫ్యుల" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Yaman" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="ఫ్యుల" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jemen" title="Jemen – ఫిన్నిష్" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Jemen" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="ఫిన్నిష్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeemen" title="Jeemen – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Jeemen" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jemen" title="Jemen – ఫారోస్" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Jemen" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="ఫారోస్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y%25C3%25A9men" title="Yémen – ఫ్రెంచ్" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Yémen" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="ఫ్రెంచ్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y%25C3%25A8men" title="Yèmen – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Yèmen" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jemen" title="Jemen – ఉత్తర ఫ్రిసియన్" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Jemen" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="ఉత్తర ఫ్రిసియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jemen" title="Jemen – పశ్చిమ ఫ్రిసియన్" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Jemen" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="పశ్చిమ ఫ్రిసియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C3%2589imin" title="Éimin – ఐరిష్" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Éimin" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ఐరిష్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen – గాగౌజ్" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Yemen" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="గాగౌజ్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y%25C3%25A9men" title="Yémen – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Yémen" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iemen" title="Iemen – స్కాటిష్ గేలిక్" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Iemen" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="స్కాటిష్ గేలిక్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iemen" title="Iemen – గాలిషియన్" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Iemen" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="గాలిషియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jem%25E1%25BA%25BD" title="Jemẽ – గ్వారనీ" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Jemẽ" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="గ్వారనీ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A5%2585%25E0%25A4%25AE%25E0%25A5%2585%25E0%25A4%25A8" title="यॅमॅन – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="यॅमॅन" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25AA%25AF%25E0%25AB%2587%25E0%25AA%25AE%25E0%25AB%2587%25E0%25AA%25A8" title="યેમેન – గుజరాతీ" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="યેમેન" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="గుజరాతీ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_Yeaman" title="Yn Yeaman – మాంక్స్" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Yeaman" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="మాంక్స్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen – హౌసా" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Yemen" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="హౌసా" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen – హక్కా చైనీస్" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Yemen" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="హక్కా చైనీస్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iemene" title="Iemene – హవాయియన్" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Iemene" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="హవాయియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%25AA%25D7%2599%25D7%259E%25D7%259F" title="תימן – హిబ్రూ" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תימן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="హిబ్రూ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Yemen" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jemen" title="Jemen – క్రొయేషియన్" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Jemen" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="క్రొయేషియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jemen" title="Jemen – అప్పర్ సోర్బియన్" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Jemen" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="అప్పర్ సోర్బియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yem%25C3%25A8n" title="Yemèn – హైటియన్ క్రియోల్" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Yemèn" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="హైటియన్ క్రియోల్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jemen" title="Jemen – హంగేరియన్" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Jemen" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="హంగేరియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D4%25B5%25D5%25B4%25D5%25A5%25D5%25B6" title="Եմեն – ఆర్మీనియన్" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Եմեն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="ఆర్మీనియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D4%25B5%25D5%25B4%25D5%25A7%25D5%25B6" title="Եմէն – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Եմէն" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen – ఇంటర్లింగ్వా" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Yemen" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="ఇంటర్లింగ్వా" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaman" title="Yaman – ఇండోనేషియన్" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Yaman" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="ఇండోనేషియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen – ఇంటర్లింగ్" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Yemen" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="ఇంటర్లింగ్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen – ఐలోకో" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Yemen" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ఐలోకో" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen – ఈడో" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Yemen" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ఈడో" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jemen" title="Jemen – ఐస్లాండిక్" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Jemen" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="ఐస్లాండిక్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen – ఇటాలియన్" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Yemen" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="ఇటాలియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E3%2582%25A4%25E3%2582%25A8%25E3%2583%25A1%25E3%2583%25B3" title="イエメン – జపనీస్" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="イエメン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="జపనీస్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Yemen" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaman" title="Yaman – జావనీస్" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Yaman" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="జావనీస్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%259B%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%259C%25E1%2583%2598" title="იემენი – జార్జియన్" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="იემენი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="జార్జియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen – కారా-కల్పాక్" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Yemen" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="కారా-కల్పాక్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yamen" title="Yamen – కాబిల్" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Yamen" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="కాబిల్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2599%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BD" title="Йемен – కబార్డియన్" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Йемен" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="కబార్డియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemenii" title="Yemenii – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Yemenii" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen – కోంగో" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Yemen" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="కోంగో" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaman" title="Yaman – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Yaman" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen – కికుయు" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Yemen" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="కికుయు" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2599%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BD" title="Йемен – కజఖ్" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Йемен" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="కజఖ్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%259E%2599%25E1%259F%2581%25E1%259E%2598%25E1%259F%2589%25E1%259F%2582%25E1%259E%2593" title="យេម៉ែន – ఖ్మేర్" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="យេម៉ែន" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="ఖ్మేర్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25EC%2598%2588%25EB%25A9%2598" title="예멘 – కొరియన్" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="예멘" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="కొరియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen – కుర్దిష్" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Yemen" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="కుర్దిష్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2599%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BD" title="Йемен – కోమి" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Йемен" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="కోమి" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen – కోర్నిష్" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Yemen" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="కోర్నిష్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2599%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BD" title="Йемен – కిర్గిజ్" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Йемен" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="కిర్గిజ్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iemenia" title="Iemenia – లాటిన్" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Iemenia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="లాటిన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen – లాడినో" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Yemen" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="లాడినో" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jemen" title="Jemen – లక్సెంబర్గిష్" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Jemen" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="లక్సెంబర్గిష్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2599%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BD" title="Йемен – లేజ్ఘియన్" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Йемен" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="లేజ్ఘియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iaman" title="Iaman – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Iaman" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeme" title="Jeme – లిమ్బర్గిష్" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Jeme" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="లిమ్బర్గిష్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen – లిగూరియన్" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Yemen" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="లిగూరియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iemen" title="Iemen – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Iemen" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen – లొంబార్ద్" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Yemen" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="లొంబార్ద్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yem%25C3%25A9ni" title="Yeméni – లింగాల" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Yeméni" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="లింగాల" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jemenas" title="Jemenas – లిథువేనియన్" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Jemenas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="లిథువేనియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jemena" title="Jemena – లాట్వియన్" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Jemena" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="లాట్వియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaman" title="Yaman – మాదురీస్" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Yaman" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="మాదురీస్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%25AE%25E0%25A4%25A8" title="यमन – మైథిలి" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="यमन" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="మైథిలి" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2595%25D0%25BC%25D1%258D%25D0%25BD" title="Емэн – మోక్ష" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Емэн" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="మోక్ష" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iemena" title="Iemena – మలగాసి" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Iemena" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="మలగాసి" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C4%25AAemene" title="Īemene – మావొరీ" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Īemene" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="మావొరీ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaman" title="Yaman – మినాంగ్కాబో" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Yaman" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="మినాంగ్కాబో" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2588%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BD" title="Јемен – మాసిడోనియన్" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Јемен" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="మాసిడోనియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2599%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BD" title="Йемен – మంగోలియన్" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Йемен" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="మంగోలియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25EA%25AF%258C%25EA%25AF%25A6%25EA%25AF%2583%25EA%25AF%25A6%25EA%25AF%259F" title="ꯌꯦꯃꯦꯟ – మణిపురి" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯌꯦꯃꯦꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="మణిపురి" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A5%2587%25E0%25A4%25AE%25E0%25A5%2587%25E0%25A4%25A8%25E0%25A4%259A%25E0%25A5%2587_%25E0%25A4%25AA%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%259C%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%2595" title="येमेनचे प्रजासत्ताक – మరాఠీ" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="येमेनचे प्रजासत्ताक" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="మరాఠీ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaman" title="Yaman – మలయ్" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Yaman" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="మలయ్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jemen" title="Jemen – మాల్టీస్" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Jemen" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="మాల్టీస్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%25C3%25A9men" title="Iémen – మిరాండిస్" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Iémen" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="మిరాండిస్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2580%259A%25E1%2580%25AE%25E1%2580%2599%25E1%2580%2584%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2580%2594%25E1%2580%25AD%25E1%2580%25AF%25E1%2580%2584%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2580%2584%25E1%2580%25B6" title="ယီမင်နိုင်ငံ – బర్మీస్" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ယီမင်နိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="బర్మీస్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DB%258C%25D9%2585%25D9%2586" title="یمن – మాసన్దెరాని" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="یمن" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="మాసన్దెరాని" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen – నియాపోలిటన్" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Yemen" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="నియాపోలిటన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jemen" title="Jemen – లో జర్మన్" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Jemen" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="లో జర్మన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%25AE%25E0%25A4%25A8" title="यमन – నేపాలీ" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="यमन" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="నేపాలీ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2597%25E0%25A4%25A3%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A4%25A8%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0_%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%25AE%25E0%25A4%25A8" title="गणतन्त्र यमन – నెవారి" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="गणतन्त्र यमन" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="నెవారి" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jemen" title="Jemen – డచ్" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Jemen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="డచ్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jemen" title="Jemen – నార్వేజియాన్ న్యోర్స్క్" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Jemen" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="నార్వేజియాన్ న్యోర్స్క్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jemen" title="Jemen – నార్వేజియన్ బొక్మాల్" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Jemen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="నార్వేజియన్ బొక్మాల్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Yemen" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sh%25C3%25A1di%25CA%25BC%25C3%25A1%25C3%25A1hj%25C3%25AD_%25C3%2581s%25C3%25A1%25C3%25AD_Dine%25CA%25BC%25C3%25A9_Bik%25C3%25A9yah" title="Shádiʼááhjí Ásáí Dineʼé Bikéyah – నవాజొ" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Shádiʼááhjí Ásáí Dineʼé Bikéyah" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="నవాజొ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iem%25C3%25A8n" title="Iemèn – ఆక్సిటన్" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Iemèn" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="ఆక్సిటన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jemen" title="Jemen – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Jemen" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaman" title="Yaman – ఒరోమో" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Yaman" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="ఒరోమో" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25AD%259F%25E0%25AD%2587%25E0%25AC%25AE%25E0%25AD%2587%25E0%25AC%25A8" title="ୟେମେନ – ఒడియా" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ୟେମେନ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="ఒడియా" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2599%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BD" title="Йемен – ఒసేటిక్" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Йемен" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ఒసేటిక్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A8%25AF%25E0%25A8%25AE%25E0%25A8%25A8" title="ਯਮਨ – పంజాబీ" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਯਮਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="పంజాబీ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen – పంపన్గా" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Yemen" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="పంపన్గా" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen – పపియమేంటో" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Yemen" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="పపియమేంటో" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%25AE%25E0%25A4%25A8" title="यमन – పాలీ" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="यमन" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="పాలీ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jemen" title="Jemen – పోలిష్" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Jemen" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="పోలిష్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Yemen" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DB%258C%25D9%2585%25D9%2586" title="یمن – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="یمن" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%258A%25D9%2585%25D9%2586" title="يمن – పాష్టో" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="يمن" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="పాష్టో" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%25C3%25A9men" title="Iémen – పోర్చుగీస్" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Iémen" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="పోర్చుగీస్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaman" title="Yaman – కెచువా" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Yaman" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="కెచువా" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen – రొమేనియన్" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Yemen" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="రొమేనియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2599%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BD" title="Йемен – రష్యన్" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Йемен" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="రష్యన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2584%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BD" title="Ємен – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Ємен" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemeni" title="Yemeni – కిన్యర్వాండా" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Yemeni" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="కిన్యర్వాండా" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%25AE%25E0%25A4%25A8" title="यमन – సంస్కృతం" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="यमन" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="సంస్కృతం" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2599%25D0%25B8%25D1%258D%25D0%25BC%25D1%258D%25D0%25BD" title="Йиэмэн – సాఖా" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Йиэмэн" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="సాఖా" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%25B1%25AD%25E1%25B1%25AE%25E1%25B1%25A2%25E1%25B1%25AE%25E1%25B1%25B1" title="ᱭᱮᱢᱮᱱ – సంతాలి" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱭᱮᱢᱮᱱ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="సంతాలి" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jemen" title="Jemen – సార్డీనియన్" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Jemen" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="సార్డీనియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen – సిసిలియన్" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Yemen" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="సిసిలియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen – స్కాట్స్" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Yemen" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="స్కాట్స్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%258A%25D9%2585%25D9%2586" title="يمن – సింధీ" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="يمن" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="సింధీ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jemen" title="Jemen – ఉత్తర సామి" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Jemen" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="ఉత్తర సామి" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jemen" title="Jemen – సేర్బో-క్రొయేషియన్" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Jemen" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="సేర్బో-క్రొయేషియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2580%2599%25E1%2580%25AD%25E1%2580%25B0%25E1%2580%2584%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2580%25B8%25E1%2580%259A%25E1%2582%2584%25E1%2582%2587%25E1%2580%2599%25E1%2582%2585%25E1%2581%25BC%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2582%2587" title="မိူင်းယႄႇမႅၼ်ႇ – షాన్" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မိူင်းယႄႇမႅၼ်ႇ" data-language-autonym="တႆး" data-language-local-name="షాన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>တႆး</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B6%25BA%25E0%25B7%259A%25E0%25B6%25B8%25E0%25B6%25B1%25E0%25B6%25BA" title="යේමනය – సింహళం" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="යේමනය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="సింహళం" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Yemen" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jemen" title="Jemen – స్లోవక్" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Jemen" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="స్లోవక్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DB%258C%25D9%2585%25D9%2586" title="یمن – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="یمن" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jemen" title="Jemen – స్లోవేనియన్" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Jemen" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="స్లోవేనియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iemene" title="Iemene – సమోవన్" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Iemene" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="సమోవన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jemen" title="Jemen – ఇనారి సామి" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Jemen" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="ఇనారి సామి" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemeni" title="Yemeni – షోన" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Yemeni" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="షోన" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen – సోమాలి" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Yemen" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="సోమాలి" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jemeni" title="Jemeni – అల్బేనియన్" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Jemeni" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="అల్బేనియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2588%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BD" title="Јемен – సెర్బియన్" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Јемен" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="సెర్బియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/IYemeni" title="IYemeni – స్వాతి" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="IYemeni" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="స్వాతి" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jemen" title="Jemen – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Jemen" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaman" title="Yaman – సండానీస్" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Yaman" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="సండానీస్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jemen" title="Jemen – స్వీడిష్" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Jemen" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="స్వీడిష్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen – స్వాహిలి" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Yemen" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="స్వాహిలి" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jymyn" title="Jymyn – సైలీషియన్" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Jymyn" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="సైలీషియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Yemen" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen – Atayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="Yemen" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Atayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tdd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tdd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%25A5%259B%25E1%25A5%25AB%25E1%25A5%2592%25E1%25A5%25B0_%25E1%25A5%2595%25E1%25A5%25A5%25E1%25A5%25B1_%25E1%25A5%259B%25E1%25A5%25A6%25E1%25A5%25A2%25E1%25A5%25B1" title="ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥕᥥᥱ ᥛᥦᥢᥱ – Tai Nuea" lang="tdd" hreflang="tdd" data-title="ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥕᥥᥱ ᥛᥦᥢᥱ" data-language-autonym="ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ" data-language-local-name="Tai Nuea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iemen" title="Iemen – టేటం" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Iemen" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="టేటం" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25AF%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD" title="Яман – తజిక్" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Яман" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="తజిక్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B8%259B%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B8%25B0%25E0%25B9%2580%25E0%25B8%2597%25E0%25B8%25A8%25E0%25B9%2580%25E0%25B8%25A2%25E0%25B9%2580%25E0%25B8%25A1%25E0%25B8%2599" title="ประเทศเยเมน – థాయ్" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประเทศเยเมน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="థాయ్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C3%259Demen" title="Ýemen – తుర్క్మెన్" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Ýemen" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="తుర్క్మెన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen – టగలాగ్" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Yemen" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="టగలాగ్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%25C9%2599m%25C9%2599n" title="Jəmən – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Jəmən" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iemeni" title="Iemeni – టాంగాన్" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Iemeni" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="టాంగాన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen – టోక్ పిసిన్" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Yemen" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="టోక్ పిసిన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen – టర్కిష్" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Yemen" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="టర్కిష్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen – తరోకో" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Yemen" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="తరోకో" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seediq</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2599%25D3%2599%25D0%25BC%25D3%2599%25D0%25BD" title="Йәмән – టాటర్" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Йәмән" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="టాటర్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen – టుంబుకా" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Yemen" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="టుంబుకా" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2599%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BD" title="Йемен – ఉడ్ముర్ట్" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Йемен" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="ఉడ్ముర్ట్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%258A%25DB%2595%25D9%2585%25DB%2595%25D9%2586" title="يەمەن – ఉయ్ఘర్" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="يەمەن" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="ఉయ్ఘర్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2584%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BD" title="Ємен – ఉక్రెయినియన్" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ємен" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ఉక్రెయినియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DB%258C%25D9%2585%25D9%2586" title="یمن – ఉర్దూ" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="یمن" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ఉర్దూ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaman" title="Yaman – ఉజ్బెక్" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Yaman" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ఉజ్బెక్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jemen" title="Jemen – వెనీషియన్" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Jemen" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="వెనీషియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jemen" title="Jemen – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Jemen" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen – వియత్నామీస్" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Yemen" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="వియత్నామీస్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jemen" title="Jemen – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Jemen" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y%25C3%25A4m%25C3%25A4n" title="Yämän – వోలాపుక్" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Yämän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="వోలాపుక్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen – వారే" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Yemen" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="వారే" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaman" title="Yaman – ఉలూఫ్" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Yaman" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="ఉలూఫ్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E4%25B9%259F%25E9%2596%2580" title="也門 – వు చైనీస్" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="也門" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="వు చైనీస్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%259B%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%259C%25E1%2583%2598" title="იემენი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="იემენი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%25AA%25D7%2599%25D7%259E%25D7%259F" title="תימן – ఇడ్డిష్" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="תימן" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="ఇడ్డిష్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen – యోరుబా" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Yemen" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="యోరుబా" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen – జువాన్" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Yemen" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="జువాన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeem%25E2%2580%2599n" title="Jeem’n – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Jeem’n" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E2%25B5%25A2%25E2%25B4%25B0%25E2%25B5%258E%25E2%25B4%25B0%25E2%25B5%258F" title="ⵢⴰⵎⴰⵏ – ప్రామాణిక మొరొకన్ టామజైట్" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵢⴰⵎⴰⵏ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="ప్రామాణిక మొరొకన్ టామజైట్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E4%25B9%259F%25E9%2597%25A8" title="也门 – చైనీస్" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="也门" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="చైనీస్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E4%25B9%259F%25E9%2596%2580" title="也門 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="也門" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen – మిన్ నాన్ చైనీస్" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Yemen" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="మిన్ నాన్ చైనీస్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E4%25B9%259F%25E9%2596%2580" title="也門 – కాంటనీస్" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="也門" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="కాంటనీస్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IYemen" title="IYemen – జూలూ" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="IYemen" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="జూలూ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"> <img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-te.svg" alt="వికీపీడియా" width="121" height="25" style="width: 7.5625em; height: 1.5625em;"> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod">ఈ పేజీలో చివరి మార్పు 8 ఫిబ్రవరి 2025న 03:49కు జరిగింది.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">అదనంగా సూచించని పక్షంలో పాఠ్యం <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.te">CC BY-SA 4.0</a> క్రింద లభ్యం</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places" class="footer-places hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">గోప్యతా 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