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Click here for more information."><img alt="This is a good article. Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Exercise mat, mainly for yoga as exercise</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ardha-Nav%C4%81sana.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Ardha-Nav%C4%81sana.JPG/300px-Ardha-Nav%C4%81sana.JPG" decoding="async" width="300" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Ardha-Nav%C4%81sana.JPG/450px-Ardha-Nav%C4%81sana.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Ardha-Nav%C4%81sana.JPG/600px-Ardha-Nav%C4%81sana.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2756" data-file-height="1182" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ardha_Navasana" class="mw-redirect" title="Ardha Navasana">Ardha Navasana</a> on a yoga mat</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Yoga mats</b> are specially fabricated mats used to prevent hands and feet slipping during <a href="/wiki/Asana" title="Asana">asana</a> practice in modern <a href="/wiki/Yoga_as_exercise" title="Yoga as exercise">yoga as exercise</a>. An early variety made of rubber <a href="/wiki/Carpet_underlay" class="mw-redirect" title="Carpet underlay">carpet underlay</a>, pioneered by the yoga teacher <a href="/wiki/Angela_Farmer" title="Angela Farmer">Angela Farmer</a> in 1982, was called a <b>sticky mat</b>. Before modern times, meditative <a href="/wiki/Yoga" title="Yoga">yoga</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hatha_yoga" title="Hatha yoga">hatha yoga</a> were practised on bare ground, sometimes with a deer or tiger skin rug. Modern mats suitable for energetic forms of yoga are made of plastic, <a href="/wiki/Rubber" class="mw-redirect" title="Rubber">rubber</a>, and sometimes other materials including <a href="/wiki/Hessian_fabric" title="Hessian fabric">hessian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cork_(material)" title="Cork (material)">cork</a>, trading off cost, comfort, grip, and weight. The yoga mat has been called "One of the most ubiquitous symbols of yoga's commercialization".<sup id="cite_ref-Jain_2015_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jain_2015-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yoga_mat&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_ancient_India">In ancient India</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yoga_mat&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: In ancient India"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In ancient times, meditational <a href="/wiki/Yoga" title="Yoga">yoga</a> was practised in India on <a href="/wiki/Desmostachya_bipinnata" title="Desmostachya bipinnata">kusha</a> grass, on hard earth without any cover, or on a rug of <a href="/wiki/Deer" title="Deer">deer</a> or <a href="/wiki/Tiger" title="Tiger">tiger</a> skin, as specified in the <i><a href="/wiki/Bhagavadgita" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhagavadgita">Bhagavadgita</a></i> and the <i><a href="/wiki/Shvetashvatara_Upanishad" title="Shvetashvatara Upanishad">Shvetashvatara Upanishad</a></i> as suitable for attaining <a href="/wiki/Moksha" title="Moksha">enlightenment</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Vivekananda_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vivekananda-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Seated in an easy posture, on a (deer or tiger) skin, placed on Kusha grass, worshipping <a href="/wiki/Ganapati" class="mw-redirect" title="Ganapati">Ganapati</a> with fruits and sweetmeats, placing the right palm on the left, holding the throat and head in the same line, the lips closed and firm, facing the east or the north, the eyes fixed on the tip of the nose, avoiding too much food or fasting, the <a href="/wiki/Nadi_(yoga)" title="Nadi (yoga)">Nâdis</a> should be purified, without which the practice will be fruitless.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><i><a href="/wiki/Shvetashvatara_Upanishad" title="Shvetashvatara Upanishad">Shvetashvatara Upanishad</a></i>, chapter II</cite></div></blockquote> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 126.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 124.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bharadwaja.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The sage Bharadvaja seated on a deer skin. Watercolour, early 19th century"><img alt="The sage Bharadvaja seated on a deer skin. Watercolour, early 19th century" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Bharadwaja.jpg/187px-Bharadwaja.jpg" decoding="async" width="125" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Bharadwaja.jpg/281px-Bharadwaja.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Bharadwaja.jpg/374px-Bharadwaja.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3425" data-file-height="4793" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The sage <a href="/wiki/Bharadvaja" title="Bharadvaja">Bharadvaja</a> seated on a <a href="/wiki/Deer" title="Deer">deer</a> skin. <a href="/wiki/Watercolour" class="mw-redirect" title="Watercolour">Watercolour</a>, early 19th century</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 142.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 140.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kapala_Asana_(headstand)_from_Jogapradipika_1830_(detail).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A yogi practising Kapala Asana (yoga headstand) on a tiger skin. Jogapradipika, 1830"><img alt="A yogi practising Kapala Asana (yoga headstand) on a tiger skin. Jogapradipika, 1830" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Kapala_Asana_%28headstand%29_from_Jogapradipika_1830_%28detail%29.jpg/211px-Kapala_Asana_%28headstand%29_from_Jogapradipika_1830_%28detail%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="141" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f0/Kapala_Asana_%28headstand%29_from_Jogapradipika_1830_%28detail%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="221" data-file-height="274" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A <a href="/wiki/Yogi" title="Yogi">yogi</a> practising <a href="/wiki/Sirsasana" class="mw-redirect" title="Sirsasana">Kapala Asana</a> (yoga headstand) on a <a href="/wiki/Tiger" title="Tiger">tiger</a> skin. <i><a href="/wiki/Jogapradipika" class="mw-redirect" title="Jogapradipika">Jogapradipika</a></i>, 1830</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 118px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 116px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Trikonasana_-_International_Day_of_Yoga_Celebration_-_NCSM_-_Kolkata_2015-06-21_7329.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Participants in Trikonasana in the International Day of Yoga, Kolkata, 2015, on cotton sheets"><img alt="Participants in Trikonasana in the International Day of Yoga, Kolkata, 2015, on cotton sheets" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Trikonasana_-_International_Day_of_Yoga_Celebration_-_NCSM_-_Kolkata_2015-06-21_7329.JPG/174px-Trikonasana_-_International_Day_of_Yoga_Celebration_-_NCSM_-_Kolkata_2015-06-21_7329.JPG" decoding="async" width="116" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Trikonasana_-_International_Day_of_Yoga_Celebration_-_NCSM_-_Kolkata_2015-06-21_7329.JPG/261px-Trikonasana_-_International_Day_of_Yoga_Celebration_-_NCSM_-_Kolkata_2015-06-21_7329.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Trikonasana_-_International_Day_of_Yoga_Celebration_-_NCSM_-_Kolkata_2015-06-21_7329.JPG/348px-Trikonasana_-_International_Day_of_Yoga_Celebration_-_NCSM_-_Kolkata_2015-06-21_7329.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2848" data-file-height="4288" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Participants in <a href="/wiki/Trikonasana" title="Trikonasana">Trikonasana</a> in the <a href="/wiki/International_Day_of_Yoga" title="International Day of Yoga">International Day of Yoga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata">Kolkata</a>, 2015, on cotton sheets</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origin_of_the_modern_yoga_mat">Origin of the modern yoga mat</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yoga_mat&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Origin of the modern yoga mat"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yoga_Mat_Made_of_Carpet_Underlay.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Yoga_Mat_Made_of_Carpet_Underlay.jpg/220px-Yoga_Mat_Made_of_Carpet_Underlay.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Yoga_Mat_Made_of_Carpet_Underlay.jpg/330px-Yoga_Mat_Made_of_Carpet_Underlay.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Yoga_Mat_Made_of_Carpet_Underlay.jpg/440px-Yoga_Mat_Made_of_Carpet_Underlay.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4530" data-file-height="3025" /></a><figcaption>Old yoga mat from the 1980s made of <a href="/wiki/Carpet_underlay" class="mw-redirect" title="Carpet underlay">carpet underlay</a></figcaption></figure> <p>With yoga's introduction in the West, many practitioners used towels or <a href="/wiki/Cotton" title="Cotton">cotton</a> mats on wooden floors.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Feet tended to skid on these surfaces, requiring strength just to stand still in a pose like <a href="/wiki/Trikonasana" title="Trikonasana">Trikonasana</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hall_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hall-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1982, while teaching yoga in <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>, <a href="/wiki/Angela_Farmer" title="Angela Farmer">Angela Farmer</a> used <a href="/wiki/Carpet_underlay" class="mw-redirect" title="Carpet underlay">carpet underlay</a> cut to towel size during yoga classes; she returned home to <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> with the material. Angela's father, Richard Farmer, contacted the German padding manufacturer and became the first retailer of "sticky mats".<sup id="cite_ref-Ruiz_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ruiz-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first, purpose-made yoga mat was manufactured and sold by <a href="/wiki/Hugger_Mugger_Yoga_Products" title="Hugger Mugger Yoga Products">Hugger Mugger Yoga Products</a> in the 1990s; the company initially imported Farmer-style mats, but finding that they began to crumble with use, developed their own more robust alternative.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types">Types</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yoga_mat&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Yoga mats vary in thickness, composition, surface texture, "stickiness" or grip, and weight, as well as price.<sup id="cite_ref-M-S_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-M-S-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are normally around 6 feet (180 cm) long and have a width of 2 feet (61 cm). Yoga mats range in thickness from lightweight 'travel' style at <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">16</span></span> inch (2 mm) to <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">8</span></span> inch (3 mm) (standard), and up to <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">4</span></span> inch (6 mm) for either high performance mats or soft mats for <a href="/wiki/Yoga_therapy" class="mw-redirect" title="Yoga therapy">yoga therapy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Gaiam_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gaiam-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mats are available in many colours and patterns. "Alignment mats" are printed with guides to proper alignment, intended to help practitioners to place their feet the right distance apart and accurately in line with each other.<sup id="cite_ref-GH_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GH-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Others are printed with images.<sup id="cite_ref-BI_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BI-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some travel mats can be folded into a small square.<sup id="cite_ref-YJ_test_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-YJ_test-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Yoga_Nomads_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yoga_Nomads-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first commercially produced "sticky"<sup id="cite_ref-Gaiam_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gaiam-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> yoga mats were made from <a href="/wiki/PVC" class="mw-redirect" title="PVC">PVC</a>; they have a smooth surface, and tend to be cheaper.<sup id="cite_ref-Gaiam_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gaiam-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> More recently, some supposedly "eco-friendly"<sup id="cite_ref-Gaiam_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gaiam-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> mats are being made from natural <a href="/wiki/Jute" title="Jute">jute</a>, <a href="/wiki/Organic_cotton" title="Organic cotton">organic cotton</a>, and rubber.<sup id="cite_ref-Gaiam_11-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gaiam-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> PVC mats are the spongiest, resulting in more "give" when stepped on; fibre mats such as cotton and jute are the firmest.<sup id="cite_ref-Gaiam_11-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gaiam-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jute mats are the roughest; "sticky" PVC mats give good grip, but some of the modern textured mats in other materials also grip well.<sup id="cite_ref-Gaiam_11-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gaiam-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DYY_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DYY-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Smooth mats provide the most grip, so are suitable for the more energetic styles such as <a href="/wiki/Hot_yoga" title="Hot yoga">hot yoga</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ashtanga_vinyasa_yoga" title="Ashtanga vinyasa yoga">Ashtanga vinyasa yoga</a>; the trade-off is that they may be less comfortable and appear dirty more quickly.<sup id="cite_ref-Indie_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Indie-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mats with more padding are useful for styles such as <a href="/wiki/Yin_yoga" class="mw-redirect" title="Yin yoga">yin yoga</a> where poses are held for longer periods. Travel mats are thinner and lighter, but provide less padding.<sup id="cite_ref-Indie_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Indie-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rozm%C4%9Brov%C3%A1_problematika_podlo%C5%BEky_pro_duchovn%C3%AD_soust%C5%99ed%C4%9Bn%C3%AD.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Rozm%C4%9Brov%C3%A1_problematika_podlo%C5%BEky_pro_duchovn%C3%AD_soust%C5%99ed%C4%9Bn%C3%AD.png/220px-Rozm%C4%9Brov%C3%A1_problematika_podlo%C5%BEky_pro_duchovn%C3%AD_soust%C5%99ed%C4%9Bn%C3%AD.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Rozm%C4%9Brov%C3%A1_problematika_podlo%C5%BEky_pro_duchovn%C3%AD_soust%C5%99ed%C4%9Bn%C3%AD.png/330px-Rozm%C4%9Brov%C3%A1_problematika_podlo%C5%BEky_pro_duchovn%C3%AD_soust%C5%99ed%C4%9Bn%C3%AD.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Rozm%C4%9Brov%C3%A1_problematika_podlo%C5%BEky_pro_duchovn%C3%AD_soust%C5%99ed%C4%9Bn%C3%AD.png/440px-Rozm%C4%9Brov%C3%A1_problematika_podlo%C5%BEky_pro_duchovn%C3%AD_soust%C5%99ed%C4%9Bn%C3%AD.png 2x" data-file-width="1104" data-file-height="635" /></a><figcaption>Standard rectangular yoga mats do not accommodate all possible positions within their area. Circular yoga mats, while unfamiliar, are helpful for sequences where the mat would need to be rotated through 90 degrees at intervals, and for demonstrating asanas to a class.<sup id="cite_ref-Indie_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Indie-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Some yoga practices <a href="/wiki/Yoga_in_Sweden" title="Yoga in Sweden">in Scandinavia</a> use cotton <a href="/wiki/Futon" title="Futon">futon</a> mats.<sup id="cite_ref-SYM_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SYM-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Haa_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Haa-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They consist of a mattress, usually with pockets of cotton batting, sometimes with wool or polyester-cotton mixes, and a washable cover.<sup id="cite_ref-YU_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-YU-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Stillhet.no_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stillhet.no-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They give good cushioning and grip.<sup id="cite_ref-Oekotest_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oekotest-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-LS_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LS-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, futons are much heavier than other mats, weighing as much as 4.7 kg.<sup id="cite_ref-SYM_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SYM-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/Yoga_Journal" title="Yoga Journal">Yoga Journal</a></i> asked five yoga professionals for their views on yoga mats. They varied widely in their brand preferences, some choosing the traditional "sticky" type, but they agreed that mats must not be slippery.<sup id="cite_ref-YJ_test_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-YJ_test-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A hessian mat reviewed by <i><a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a></i> gave good grip and was both comfortable and attractive; its <a href="/wiki/Rubber" class="mw-redirect" title="Rubber">rubber</a> underside made it stable on any surface, but somewhat heavy; a <a href="/wiki/Cork_(material)" title="Cork (material)">cork</a> mat provided both good grip and an exceptionally warm surface with a pleasant texture, and the property of being to some degree self-cleaning.<sup id="cite_ref-Indie_17-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Indie-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The best grip was given by a smooth latex mat; in the review's opinion, its 4 mm thickness both gave enough padding for yin yoga, and the stability for energetic yoga styles.<sup id="cite_ref-Indie_17-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Indie-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The review noted that a circular mat was at first unfamiliar, but helpful for personal practice of poses such as <a href="/wiki/Pras%C4%81rita_P%C4%81dott%C4%81n%C4%81sana" class="mw-redirect" title="Prasārita Pādottānāsana">Prasārita Pādottānāsana</a> (wide stance forward bend) and sequences where a rectangular mat would have to be turned through 90 degrees at intervals; it was also ideal for demonstrating asanas to a class.<sup id="cite_ref-Indie_17-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Indie-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Attributes of different types of yoga mat </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Composition</th> <th>Grip</th> <th>Surface</th> <th>Soft/firm</th> <th>Weight</th> <th>Durability</th> <th>Cleanliness</th> <th>Environmental impact</th> <th>Cost </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>"Sticky" <a href="/wiki/PVC" class="mw-redirect" title="PVC">PVC</a> (plastic)</b></td> <td>Good<sup id="cite_ref-GH_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GH-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Smooth<br />Slightly sticky<sup id="cite_ref-DYY_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DYY-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Softer*<sup id="cite_ref-DYY_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DYY-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Light*<sup id="cite_ref-DYY_16-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DYY-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Tend to crumble</td> <td>Tend to get dirty<sup id="cite_ref-Indie_17-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Indie-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>High, not always recycled<sup id="cite_ref-GH_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GH-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Lowest<sup id="cite_ref-GH_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GH-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Rubber" class="mw-redirect" title="Rubber">Rubber</a> (latex)</b></td> <td>Best<sup id="cite_ref-GH_12-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GH-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Indie_17-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Indie-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Smooth</td> <td>Firm*<sup id="cite_ref-DYY_16-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DYY-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Heavy<sup id="cite_ref-GH_12-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GH-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Excellent<sup id="cite_ref-DYY_16-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DYY-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BL_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BL-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Easy to wipe clean<sup id="cite_ref-DYY_16-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DYY-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />Light colours show dirt<sup id="cite_ref-BL_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BL-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Low if natural and suitably sourced<sup>#</sup>;<sup id="cite_ref-GH_12-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GH-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> high if combined with non-recyclable plastics e.g. <a href="/wiki/Polyurethane" title="Polyurethane">polyurethane</a><sup id="cite_ref-GH_12-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GH-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>High<sup id="cite_ref-GH_12-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GH-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BL_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BL-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Thermoplastic_elastomer" title="Thermoplastic elastomer">Thermoplastic elastomer</a> (TPE)</b></td> <td>Good<sup id="cite_ref-BI_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BI-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Smooth</td> <td>Firm<sup id="cite_ref-BI_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BI-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Very light<sup id="cite_ref-BI_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BI-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Good</td> <td>Tend to get dirty<sup id="cite_ref-Indie_17-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Indie-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Sustainably made, recyclable<sup id="cite_ref-BI_13-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BI-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Mid<sup id="cite_ref-BI_13-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BI-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Cork_(material)" title="Cork (material)">Cork</a><br />on rubber</b></td> <td>Good<sup id="cite_ref-Indie_17-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Indie-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />Non-slip when wet<sup id="cite_ref-BL_24-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BL-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Smooth<sup id="cite_ref-GH_12-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GH-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Very comfortable, firm but warm<sup id="cite_ref-GH_12-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GH-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Indie_17-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Indie-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Heavier</td> <td>Good</td> <td>Mainly self-cleaning<sup id="cite_ref-GH_12-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GH-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Indie_17-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Indie-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Low if suitably sourced<sup>#</sup><sup id="cite_ref-GH_12-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GH-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Indie_17-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Indie-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>High<sup id="cite_ref-GH_12-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GH-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Hessian_fabric" title="Hessian fabric">Hessian (Jute)</a><br />on rubber</b></td> <td>Good<sup id="cite_ref-DYY_16-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DYY-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Rough weave<sup id="cite_ref-GH_12-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GH-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />Attractive texture<sup id="cite_ref-Indie_17-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Indie-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Very comfortable*<sup id="cite_ref-LS_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LS-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Indie_17-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Indie-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Heavier<sup id="cite_ref-Indie_17-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Indie-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Good<sup id="cite_ref-DYY_16-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DYY-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Washable<sup id="cite_ref-SL_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SL-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Low if suitably sourced<sup>#</sup><sup id="cite_ref-GH_12-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GH-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Mid<sup id="cite_ref-Indie_17-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Indie-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Hemp" title="Hemp">Hemp</a></b></td> <td>Poor</td> <td>Smooth weave</td> <td>Firm<sup id="cite_ref-DYY_16-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DYY-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />Softens with use<sup id="cite_ref-VH_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VH-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Light</td> <td>Good, better than cotton<sup id="cite_ref-DYY_16-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DYY-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Washable<sup id="cite_ref-DYY_16-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DYY-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Low if suitably sourced<sup>#</sup></td> <td>Mid </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Cotton" title="Cotton">Cotton</a></b></td> <td>Poor<sup id="cite_ref-LS_23-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LS-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Smooth weave</td> <td>Firm<sup id="cite_ref-LS_23-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LS-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Light</td> <td>Moderate, fibres wear out<sup id="cite_ref-DYY_16-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DYY-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Washable<sup id="cite_ref-DYY_16-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DYY-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Low if suitably sourced<sup>#</sup><sup id="cite_ref-LS_23-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LS-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Mid </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Futon" title="Futon">Futon</a> cotton<br />with lining</b> (cotton, wool, or polyester)</td> <td>Good<sup id="cite_ref-Oekotest_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oekotest-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Smooth</td> <td>Softer<sup id="cite_ref-Oekotest_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oekotest-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Very heavy<sup id="cite_ref-SYM_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SYM-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Good</td> <td>Washable cover<sup id="cite_ref-YU_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-YU-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Low if natural and suitably sourced<sup>#</sup></td> <td>High </td></tr></tbody></table> <dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd>* Comfort and weight depend on thickness; people choose thinner mats for portability, or thicker ones for comfort.<sup id="cite_ref-DYY_16-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DYY-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dd><sup>#</sup> Environmental impact of these products depends on how they are grown; impact will be low if they are grown with low usage of pesticides, or in the case of rubber, if from suitably certified forests.</dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yoga_mat&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yoga_dog_(4045140609).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Yoga_dog_%284045140609%29.jpg/220px-Yoga_dog_%284045140609%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Yoga_dog_%284045140609%29.jpg/330px-Yoga_dog_%284045140609%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Yoga_dog_%284045140609%29.jpg/440px-Yoga_dog_%284045140609%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Dog in yoga costume complete with miniature yoga mat for the <a href="/wiki/Carl_Schurz_Park" title="Carl Schurz Park">Carl Schurz Park</a> Annual Halloween Howl, 2009, New York City</figcaption></figure> <p>The yoga mat has become the definitive symbol of modern <a href="/wiki/Yoga_as_exercise" title="Yoga as exercise">yoga as exercise</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hall_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hall-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The journalist Ann Louise Bardach wrote in <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> in 2011 that "precious few of the estimated 16 million supple, <a href="/wiki/Spandex" title="Spandex">spandex</a>-clad <a href="/wiki/Yogini" title="Yogini">yoginis</a> in the United States, who sustain an annual $6 billion industry, seem to have a clue that they owe their yoga mats to <a href="/wiki/Vivekananda" class="mw-redirect" title="Vivekananda">Vivekananda</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-Bardach_2011_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bardach_2011-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Jain_2011_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jain_2011-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The yoga scholar <a href="/wiki/Andrea_Jain" class="mw-redirect" title="Andrea Jain">Andrea Jain</a> wrote in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i> that "One of the most ubiquitous symbols of yoga's commercialization is the mat, which many consider a necessity to prevent slipping, to mark territory in crowded classes or to create a ritual space."<sup id="cite_ref-Jain_2015_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jain_2015-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She noted that "committed adherents" could pay over $100 for a luxury mat.<sup id="cite_ref-Jain_2015_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jain_2015-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The yoga scholar Noora-Helena Korpelainen agreed that the yoga mat had a <a href="/wiki/Ritual" title="Ritual">ritual</a> function: every <a href="/wiki/Ashtanga_Vinyasa_Yoga" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashtanga Vinyasa Yoga">Ashtanga Yoga</a> session "starts with opening a yoga mat, taking a straight <a href="/wiki/Standing_asanas" title="Standing asanas">standing pose</a> (<a href="/wiki/Samasthiti" class="mw-redirect" title="Samasthiti">samastitiḥ</a>) and chanting a <a href="/wiki/Mantra" title="Mantra">mantra</a>. ... The practice ends with a mantra, relaxation, and rolling up the mat."<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yoga_mat&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_in_advertising" title="Yoga in advertising">Yoga in advertising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_brick" title="Yoga brick">Yoga brick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_pants" title="Yoga pants">Yoga pants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_using_props" title="Yoga using props">Yoga using props</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yoga_mat&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Jain_2015-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Jain_2015_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jain_2015_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jain_2015_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFJain2015" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Andrea_Jain" class="mw-redirect" title="Andrea Jain">Jain, Andrea</a> (14 August 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/five-myths-about-yoga/2015/08/14/2b4c8638-41ce-11e5-846d-02792f854297_story.html">"Five myths about yoga"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Five+myths+about+yoga&rft.date=2015-08-14&rft.aulast=Jain&rft.aufirst=Andrea&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fopinions%2Ffive-myths-about-yoga%2F2015%2F08%2F14%2F2b4c8638-41ce-11e5-846d-02792f854297_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoga+mat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMallinsonSingleton2017" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_Mallinson_(author)" class="mw-redirect" title="James Mallinson (author)">Mallinson, James</a>; <a href="/wiki/Mark_Singleton_(yoga_scholar)" title="Mark Singleton (yoga scholar)">Singleton, Mark</a> (2017). <i>Roots of Yoga</i>. Penguin Books. p. 59. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-241-25304-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-241-25304-5"><bdi>978-0-241-25304-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/928480104">928480104</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Roots+of+Yoga&rft.pages=59&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F928480104&rft.isbn=978-0-241-25304-5&rft.aulast=Mallinson&rft.aufirst=James&rft.au=Singleton%2C+Mark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoga+mat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Bhagavadgita" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhagavadgita">Bhagavadgita</a></i> 6.11: In a clean place he should set up a firm seat for himself, neither too high nor too low, with a cloth, a deerskin and kusha grass on top.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Vivekananda-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Vivekananda_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSwami_Vivekananda" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Swami_Vivekananda" title="Swami Vivekananda">Swami Vivekananda</a>. <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Complete_Works_of_Swami_Vivekananda/Volume_1/Raja-Yoga/Appendix_-_References_To_Yoga">"The Complete Works of Swami Vivekananda/Volume 1/Raja-Yoga/Appendix - References To Yoga. Volume 1, Raja-Yoga. Appendix: References to Yoga. Shvetâshvatara Upanishad Chapter II"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 March</span> 2021</span>. <q>This mat comes in a variety of fun colors and prints</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+7+best+yoga+mats+of+2021%2C+including+sweat-resistant%2C+eco-friendly%2C+and+travel+options&rft.pub=Business+Insider&rft.date=2021-02-12&rft.aulast=Olewitz&rft.aufirst=Chloe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.com%2Fbest-yoga-mat%3Fr%3DUS%26IR%3DT&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoga+mat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-YJ_test-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-YJ_test_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-YJ_test_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnon2017" class="citation web cs1">Anon (12 April 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.yogajournal.com/lifestyle/test-mat-savvy-5-yoga-teachers-pick-favorite-mats-one-folds-size-napkin">"Test Your Mat Savvy: 5 Teachers' Favorite Yoga Mats"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Yoga_Journal" title="Yoga Journal">Yoga Journal</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Types+of+Yoga+Mats&rft.pub=DoYouYoga&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.doyouyoga.com%2Ftypes-of-yoga-mats%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoga+mat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Indie-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Indie_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Indie_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Indie_17-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Indie_17-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Indie_17-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Indie_17-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Indie_17-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Indie_17-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Indie_17-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Indie_17-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Indie_17-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Indie_17-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Indie_17-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Indie_17-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Indie_17-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Indie_17-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Indie_17-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDodd2019" class="citation news cs1">Dodd, Liz (18 September 2019). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/extras/indybest/outdoor-activity/yoga/best-yoga-mats-uk-9446750.html">"8 best yoga mats that are perfect for every pose"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220507/https://www.independent.co.uk/extras/indybest/outdoor-activity/yoga/best-yoga-mats-uk-9446750.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-05-07.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=8+best+yoga+mats+that+are+perfect+for+every+pose&rft.date=2019-09-18&rft.aulast=Dodd&rft.aufirst=Liz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fextras%2Findybest%2Foutdoor-activity%2Fyoga%2Fbest-yoga-mats-uk-9446750.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoga+mat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SYM-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SYM_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SYM_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SYM_18-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.yoga.dk/butik/yogamadras-futon/">"Yoga Futon Mat"</a>. Skandinavisk Yoga- og Meditationsskole<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Yoga+Futon+Mat&rft.pub=Skandinavisk+Yoga-+og+Meditationsskole&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.yoga.dk%2Fbutik%2Fyogamadras-futon%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoga+mat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Haa-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Haa_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.yogameditationshop.com/products/yoga-mat-a-wool-luxury">"Yoga mat a wool luxury"</a>. Haa Retreat Center<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Yoga+mat+a+wool+luxury&rft.pub=Haa+Retreat+Center&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.yogameditationshop.com%2Fproducts%2Fyoga-mat-a-wool-luxury&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoga+mat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-YU-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-YU_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-YU_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://yogaudstyr.dk/product.php?id=1063">"Yogamadras"</a> [Yoga Mattress] (in Danish). yogaudstyr.dk<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%C3%98kologisk+yogamadrass+standard+%28ull%29&rft.pub=Stillhet.no&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stillhet.no%2Fprodukt%2Fokologisk-yogamadrass-standard-ull%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoga+mat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Oekotest-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Oekotest_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Oekotest_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Oekotest_22-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oekotest.de/gesundheit-medikamente/Yogamatten-Test-Das-sind-die-besten-Matten-fuer-Yoga-Uebungen-_111559_1.html">"Yogamatten-Test: Das sind die besten Matten für Yoga-Übungen"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Yogamatten-Test%3A+Das+sind+die+besten+Matten+f%C3%BCr+Yoga-%C3%9Cbungen&rft.pub=%C3%96ko-Test+Label&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oekotest.de%2Fgesundheit-medikamente%2FYogamatten-Test-Das-sind-die-besten-Matten-fuer-Yoga-Uebungen-_111559_1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoga+mat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LS-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LS_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LS_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LS_23-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LS_23-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LS_23-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.leafscore.com/eco-friendly-fitness-products/chemicals-in-yoga-mats/">"Chemicals in Yoga Mats to Watch Out For"</a>. LeafScore<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chemicals+in+Yoga+Mats+to+Watch+Out+For&rft.pub=LeafScore&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.leafscore.com%2Feco-friendly-fitness-products%2Fchemicals-in-yoga-mats%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoga+mat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BL-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BL_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BL_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BL_24-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BL_24-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brettlarkin.com/project/best-non-slip-yoga-mat/">"My Top 3 Non-Slip Yoga Mats"</a>. Brett Larkin Yoga<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=My+Top+3+Non-Slip+Yoga+Mats&rft.pub=Brett+Larkin+Yoga&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.brettlarkin.com%2Fproject%2Fbest-non-slip-yoga-mat%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoga+mat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SL-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SL_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sukhalounge.co.uk/sukha-essentials/eco-jute-natural-rubber-yoga-mat">"Eco Jute, Natural Rubber yoga Mat"</a>. Sukha Lounge. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210322165051/https://www.sukhalounge.co.uk/sukha-essentials/eco-jute-natural-rubber-yoga-mat">Archived</a> from the original on 22 March 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Eco+Jute%2C+Natural+Rubber+yoga+Mat&rft.pub=Sukha+Lounge&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sukhalounge.co.uk%2Fsukha-essentials%2Feco-jute-natural-rubber-yoga-mat&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoga+mat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-VH-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-VH_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vitalityhemp.com/product/hemp-yoga-mat/">"Hemp Yoga Mat"</a>. Vitality Hemp<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Religion Dispatches.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=No%2C+I+Don%27t+Owe+My+Yoga+Mat+to+Vivekananda&rft.pub=Religion+Dispatches&rft.date=2011-10-05&rft.aulast=Jain&rft.aufirst=Andrea+R.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Freligiondispatches.org%2Fno-i-dont-owe-my-yoga-mat-to-vivekananda%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoga+mat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKorpelainen2019" class="citation journal cs1">Korpelainen, Noora-Helena (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://somaesthetics.aau.dk/index.php/JOS/article/download/3320/2958/">"Sparks of Yoga: Reconsidering the Aesthetic in Modern Postural Yoga"</a>. <i>Journal of Somaesthetics</i>. <b>5</b> (1): 46–60.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Somaesthetics&rft.atitle=Sparks+of+Yoga%3A+Reconsidering+the+Aesthetic+in+Modern+Postural+Yoga&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=46-60&rft.date=2019&rft.aulast=Korpelainen&rft.aufirst=Noora-Helena&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsomaesthetics.aau.dk%2Findex.php%2FJOS%2Farticle%2Fdownload%2F3320%2F2958%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoga+mat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yoga_mat&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" 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href="/wiki/Template:Yoga_as_exercise" title="Template:Yoga as exercise"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Yoga_as_exercise" title="Template talk:Yoga as exercise"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Yoga_as_exercise" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Yoga as exercise"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Yoga_as_exercise" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Yoga_as_exercise" title="Yoga as exercise">Yoga as exercise</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Asana" title="Asana">Asanas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_asanas" title="List of asanas">List of asanas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standing_asanas" title="Standing asanas">Standing asanas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Downward_Dog_Pose" title="Downward Dog Pose">Downward dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_position" title="Lotus position">Lotus position</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meditative_postures" title="Meditative postures">Meditation seats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_Salutation" title="Sun Salutation">Sun Salutation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tree_pose" title="Tree pose">Tree pose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virabhadrasana" title="Virabhadrasana">Warrior</a></li> <li>Accompaniments <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drishti_(yoga)" title="Drishti (yoga)">Drishti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pranayama" title="Pranayama">Pranayama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viny%C4%81sa" title="Vinyāsa">Vinyāsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasta_Vinyasas" title="Hasta Vinyasas">Hasta Vinyasas</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yoga_teacher_training" title="Yoga teacher training">Teacher training</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Standards <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Wheel_of_Yoga" title="British Wheel of Yoga">British Wheel of Yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_of_Yoga" title="European Union of Yoga">European Union of Yoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Van_Lysebeth" title="André Van Lysebeth">André Van Lysebeth</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_Alliance" title="Yoga Alliance">Yoga Alliance</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yoga_for_therapeutic_purposes" class="mw-redirect" title="Yoga for therapeutic purposes">Therapy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_using_props" title="Yoga using props">Yoga using props</a></li> <li>1979 <a href="/wiki/Accessible_yoga" title="Accessible yoga">Accessible yoga</a></li> <li>2002 <a href="/wiki/Trauma-sensitive_yoga" title="Trauma-sensitive yoga">Trauma-sensitive yoga</a></li> <li>2007 <a href="/wiki/Restorative_Yoga" title="Restorative Yoga">Restorative Yoga</a></li> <li>2008 <a href="/wiki/Yoga_nidra" title="Yoga nidra">Yoga nidra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Miller_(psychologist)" title="Richard Miller (psychologist)">International Association of Yoga Therapists • Richard Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janice_Gates" title="Janice Gates">Janice Gates</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Competitive_yoga" title="Competitive yoga">Competitive yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Day_of_Yoga" title="International Day of Yoga">International Day of Yoga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Journals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Asana_Journal" title="Asana Journal">Asana Journal</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yoga_Journal" title="Yoga Journal">Yoga Journal</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yoga_using_props" title="Yoga using props">Props</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_brick" title="Yoga brick">Yoga brick</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Yoga mat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Farmer" title="Angela Farmer">Angela Farmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugger_Mugger_Yoga_Products" title="Hugger Mugger Yoga Products">Hugger Mugger</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_pants" title="Yoga pants">Yoga pants</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lululemon_Athletica" title="Lululemon Athletica">Lululemon</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ardha-Chandrasana_Yoga-Asana_Nina-Mel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Ardha-Chandrasana_Yoga-Asana_Nina-Mel.jpg/80px-Ardha-Chandrasana_Yoga-Asana_Nina-Mel.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Ardha-Chandrasana_Yoga-Asana_Nina-Mel.jpg/120px-Ardha-Chandrasana_Yoga-Asana_Nina-Mel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Ardha-Chandrasana_Yoga-Asana_Nina-Mel.jpg/160px-Ardha-Chandrasana_Yoga-Asana_Nina-Mel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="578" data-file-height="557" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Early</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_modern_yoga" title="Early modern yoga">Early modern yoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Vivekananda" title="Swami Vivekananda">Vivekananda</a></li> <li>1896 <i><a href="/wiki/Raja_Yoga_(book)" title="Raja Yoga (book)">Raja Yoga</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Bernard_(yogi)" title="Pierre Bernard (yogi)">Pierre Bernard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harmonic_Gymnastics" class="mw-redirect" title="Harmonic Gymnastics">Harmonial gymnastics/yoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marguerite_Agniel" title="Marguerite Agniel">Marguerite Agniel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Bagot_Stack" title="Mary Bagot Stack">Mary Bagot Stack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genevieve_Stebbins" title="Genevieve Stebbins">Genevieve Stebbins</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physical_culture" title="Physical culture">Physical culture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bishnu_Charan_Ghosh" title="Bishnu Charan Ghosh">B. C. Ghosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._V._Iyer" title="K. V. Iyer">K. V. Iyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seetharaman_Sundaram" title="Seetharaman Sundaram">Seetharaman Sundaram</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramahansa_Yogananda" title="Paramahansa Yogananda">Paramahansa Yogananda</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Autobiography_of_a_Yogi" title="Autobiography of a Yogi">Autobiography of a Yogi</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Aspects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hot_yoga" title="Hot yoga">Hot yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_of_yoga" title="Science of yoga">Science of yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_abuse_by_yoga_gurus" title="Sexual abuse by yoga gurus">Sexual abuse by yoga gurus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Remski" title="Matthew Remski">Matthew Remski</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_and_cultural_appropriation" title="Yoga and cultural appropriation">Yoga and cultural appropriation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_in_advertising" title="Yoga in advertising">In advertising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_for_children" title="Yoga for children">For children</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_for_women" title="Yoga for women">For women</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geeta_Iyengar" title="Geeta Iyengar">Geeta Iyengar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_tourism" title="Yoga tourism">Yoga tourism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_yoga_hybrids" title="List of yoga hybrids">Hybrids</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1938 <a href="/wiki/Naked_yoga" title="Naked yoga">Naked yoga</a></li> <li>1990 <a href="/wiki/Mindful_Yoga" title="Mindful Yoga">Mindful Yoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Jude_Boccio" title="Frank Jude Boccio">Frank Jude Boccio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Cushman" title="Anne Cushman">Anne Cushman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janice_Gates" title="Janice Gates">Janice Gates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jon_Kabat-Zinn" title="Jon Kabat-Zinn">Jon Kabat-Zinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyndi_Lee" title="Cyndi Lee">Cyndi Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phillip_Moffitt" title="Phillip Moffitt">Phillip Moffitt</a></li></ul></li> <li>2003 <a href="/wiki/Acroyoga" title="Acroyoga">Acroyoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doga_(yoga)" title="Doga (yoga)">Doga</a></li> <li>2013 <a href="/wiki/Paddleboard_Yoga" title="Paddleboard Yoga">Paddleboard Yoga</a></li> <li>2014 <a href="/wiki/Aerial_yoga" title="Aerial yoga">Aerial yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_yoga" title="Beer yoga">Beer yoga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_in_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Yoga in America">America</a> <ul><li>1961 <i><a href="/wiki/Richard_Hittleman" title="Richard Hittleman">Yoga for Health</a></i></li> <li>1970 <i><a href="/wiki/Lilias,_Yoga_and_You" title="Lilias, Yoga and You">Lilias, Yoga and You</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_in_Britain" title="Yoga in Britain">Britain</a> <ul><li>1976 <a href="/wiki/Lyn_Marshall" title="Lyn Marshall">Lyn Marshall</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_in_France" title="Yoga in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_in_Germany" title="Yoga in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postural_yoga_in_India" title="Postural yoga in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_in_Italy" title="Yoga in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_in_Russia" title="Yoga in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_in_Sweden" title="Yoga in Sweden">Sweden</a> <ul><li>2015 <a href="/wiki/Rachel_Brathen" title="Rachel Brathen">Rachel Brathen</a></li></ul></li> <li>Switzerland <ul><li>1941 <a href="/wiki/Selvarajan_Yesudian" title="Selvarajan Yesudian">Selvarajan Yesudian</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1996 <i><a href="/wiki/Norman_Sjoman" title="Norman Sjoman">Yoga Tradition of the Mysore Palace</a></i></li> <li>2004 <i><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Alter" title="Joseph Alter">Yoga in Modern India</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_History_of_Modern_Yoga" title="A History of Modern Yoga">A History of Modern Yoga</a></i></li> <li>2005 <i><a href="/wiki/Positioning_Yoga" title="Positioning Yoga">Positioning Yoga</a></i></li> <li>2010 <i><a href="/wiki/Yoga_Body" title="Yoga Body">Yoga Body</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Subtle_Body" title="The Subtle Body">The Subtle Body</a></i></li> <li>2015 <i><a href="/wiki/Selling_Yoga" title="Selling Yoga">Selling Yoga</a></i></li> <li>2016 <i><a href="/wiki/The_Path_of_Modern_Yoga" title="The Path of Modern Yoga">The Path of Modern Yoga</a></i></li> <li>2017 <i><a href="/wiki/Roots_of_Yoga" title="Roots of Yoga">Roots of Yoga</a></i></li> <li>2019 <i><a href="/wiki/Yoga_in_Britain:_Stretching_Spirituality_and_Educating_Yogis" title="Yoga in Britain: Stretching Spirituality and Educating Yogis">Yoga in Britain</a></i></li> <li>2020 <i><a href="/wiki/The_Story_of_Yoga" title="The Story of Yoga">The Story of Yoga</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2006 <i><a href="/wiki/Guru_(2006_film)" title="Guru (2006 film)">Guru</a></i></li> <li>2009 <i><a href="/wiki/Enlighten_Up!" title="Enlighten Up!">Enlighten Up!</a></i></li> <li>2012 <i><a href="/wiki/Breath_of_the_Gods" title="Breath of the Gods">Breath of the Gods</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_yoga_schools" title="List of yoga schools">Schools</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Modern_yoga_gurus" title="Modern yoga gurus">Gurus</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1918 <a href="/wiki/The_Yoga_Institute" title="The Yoga Institute">The Yoga Institute</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shri_Yogendra" class="mw-redirect" title="Shri Yogendra">Shri Yogendra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hansa_Yogendra" title="Hansa Yogendra">Hansa Yogendra</a></li></ul></li> <li>1924 <a href="/wiki/Kaivalyadhama_Health_and_Yoga_Research_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaivalyadhama Health and Yoga Research Center">Kaivalyadhama</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Kuvalayananda" title="Swami Kuvalayananda">Swami Kuvalayananda</a></li></ul></li> <li>1934 <a href="/wiki/Viniyoga" class="mw-redirect" title="Viniyoga">Viniyoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tirumalai_Krishnamacharya" title="Tirumalai Krishnamacharya">Tirumalai Krishnamacharya</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yoga_Makaranda" title="Yoga Makaranda">Yoga Makaranda</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._K._V._Desikachar" title="T. K. V. Desikachar">T. K. V. Desikachar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._G._Mohan" title="A. G. Mohan">A. G. Mohan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indra_Devi" title="Indra Devi">Indra Devi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srivatsa_Ramaswami" title="Srivatsa Ramaswami">Srivatsa Ramaswami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanda_Scaravelli" title="Vanda Scaravelli">Vanda Scaravelli</a></li></ul></li> <li>c. 1948 <a href="/wiki/Ashtanga_vinyasa_yoga" title="Ashtanga vinyasa yoga">Ashtanga Vinyasa Yoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/K._Pattabhi_Jois" title="K. Pattabhi Jois">K. Pattabhi Jois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mysore_style" title="Mysore style">Mysore style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Miller_(yoga_teacher)" title="Tim Miller (yoga teacher)">Tim Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kino_MacGregor" title="Kino MacGregor">Kino MacGregor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Schultz" title="Larry Schultz">Larry Schultz</a></li></ul></li> <li>1959 <a href="/wiki/Sivananda_yoga" title="Sivananda yoga">Sivananda Yoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vishnudevananda_Saraswati" title="Vishnudevananda Saraswati">Vishnudevananda Saraswati</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Complete_Illustrated_Book_of_Yoga" title="Complete Illustrated Book of Yoga">Complete Illustrated Book of Yoga</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>1963 <a href="/wiki/Bihar_School_of_Yoga" title="Bihar School of Yoga">Bihar School of Yoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Satyananda_Saraswati" title="Satyananda Saraswati">Satyananda Saraswati</a></li></ul></li> <li>1965 <a href="/wiki/Ananda_Yoga" title="Ananda Yoga">Ananda Yoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kriyananda" title="Kriyananda">Kriyananda</a></li></ul></li> <li>1966 <a href="/wiki/Integral_Yoga_(Satchidananda)" title="Integral Yoga (Satchidananda)">Integral Yoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Satchidananda_Saraswati" class="mw-redirect" title="Satchidananda Saraswati">Satchidananda Saraswati</a></li></ul></li> <li>1966 <a href="/wiki/Kripalu_Center" title="Kripalu Center">Kripalu Yoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amrit_Desai" title="Amrit Desai">Amrit Desai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Cope" title="Stephen Cope">Stephen Cope</a></li></ul></li> <li>1971 <a href="/wiki/Himalayan_Institute_of_Yoga_Science_and_Philosophy" title="Himalayan Institute of Yoga Science and Philosophy">Himalayan Institute</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Rama" title="Swami Rama">Swami Rama</a></li></ul></li> <li>1973 <a href="/wiki/Bikram_Yoga" title="Bikram Yoga">Bikram Yoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bikram_Choudhury" title="Bikram Choudhury">Bikram Choudhury</a></li></ul></li> <li>1975 <a href="/wiki/Iyengar_Yoga" title="Iyengar Yoga">Iyengar Yoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B._K._S._Iyengar" title="B. K. S. Iyengar">B. K. S. Iyengar</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Light_on_Yoga" title="Light on Yoga">Light on Yoga</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yoga_the_Iyengar_Way" title="Yoga the Iyengar Way">Yoga the Iyengar Way</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>1975 <a href="/wiki/Dharma_Mittra" title="Dharma Mittra">Dharma Mittra</a></li> <li>c. 1975 <a href="/wiki/Yin_Yoga" title="Yin Yoga">Yin Yoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paulie_Zink" title="Paulie Zink">Paulie Zink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Grilley" title="Paul Grilley">Paul Grilley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Powers" title="Sarah Powers">Sarah Powers</a></li></ul></li> <li>1982 <a href="/wiki/Forrest_Yoga" title="Forrest Yoga">Forrest Yoga</a></li> <li>1984 <a href="/wiki/Jivamukti_Yoga" title="Jivamukti Yoga">Jivamukti Yoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sharon_Gannon" title="Sharon Gannon">Sharon Gannon</a></li></ul></li> <li>1995 <a href="/wiki/Power_Yoga" title="Power Yoga">Power Yoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beryl_Bender_Birch" title="Beryl Bender Birch">Beryl Bender Birch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryan_Kest" title="Bryan Kest">Bryan Kest</a></li></ul></li> <li>1997 <a href="/wiki/Anusara_School_of_Hatha_Yoga" title="Anusara School of Hatha Yoga">Anusara Yoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Friend_(yogi)" title="John Friend (yogi)">John Friend</a></li></ul></li> <li>2006 <a href="/wiki/Core_Strength_Vinyasa_Yoga" title="Core Strength Vinyasa Yoga">Core Strength Vinyasa Yoga (Sadie Nardini)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yoga" title="Yoga">Yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatha_yoga" title="Hatha yoga">Hatha yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_yoga" title="Modern yoga">Modern yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-lineage_yoga" title="Post-lineage yoga">Post-lineage yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Asanas" title="Template:Asanas">Asanas (template)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_yoga_schools" title="List of yoga schools">List of yoga schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Yoga_scholars" title="Template:Yoga scholars">Yoga scholars (template)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Yoga_teachers" title="Category:Yoga teachers">Yoga teachers (category)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Modern_Yoginis" title="Template:Modern Yoginis">Modern Yoginis (template)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Yoga" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Yoga" title="Template:Yoga"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Yoga" title="Template talk:Yoga"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Yoga" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Yoga"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Yoga" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Yoga" title="Yoga">Yoga</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Subtle_body" title="Subtle body">Subtle body</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Three_Bodies_Doctrine" class="mw-redirect" title="Three Bodies Doctrine">Three bodies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosha" title="Kosha">Five sheaths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chakra" title="Chakra">Chakra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nadi_(yoga)" title="Nadi (yoga)">Nadi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nadi_(yoga)#Ida" title="Nadi (yoga)">Ida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nadi_(yoga)#Sushumna" title="Nadi (yoga)">Sushumna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nadi_(yoga)#Pingala" title="Nadi (yoga)">Pingala</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prana" title="Prana">Prana</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Three_Yogas" title="Three Yogas">Three Yogas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karma_yoga" title="Karma yoga">Karma yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhakti_yoga" title="Bhakti yoga">Bhakti yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jnana_yoga" title="Jnana yoga">Jnana yoga</a></li> <li><i>and sometimes</i> <a href="/wiki/R%C4%81ja_yoga" title="Rāja yoga">Rāja yoga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yoga_(philosophy)" title="Yoga (philosophy)">Philosophy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bhagavad_Gita" title="Bhagavad Gita">Bhagavad Gita</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yoga_Sutras_of_Patanjali" title="Yoga Sutras of Patanjali">Yoga Sutras of Patanjali</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yoga_Vasistha" title="Yoga Vasistha">Yoga Vasistha</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yoga_Yajnavalkya" title="Yoga Yajnavalkya">Yoga Yajnavalkya</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashtanga_(eight_limbs_of_yoga)" title="Ashtanga (eight limbs of yoga)">Eight limbs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yamas" title="Yamas">Yama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niyama" title="Niyama">Niyama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asana" title="Asana">Asana</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_position" title="Lotus position">Lotus position</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pranayama" title="Pranayama">Pranayama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratyahara" title="Pratyahara">Pratyahara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dh%C4%81ra%E1%B9%87%C4%81" title="Dhāraṇā">Dhāraṇā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhyana_in_Hinduism" title="Dhyana in Hinduism">Dhyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samadhi" title="Samadhi">Samadhi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kriy%C4%81" title="Kriyā">Kriyā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mantra" title="Mantra">Mantra</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pranava_yoga" title="Pranava yoga">Pranava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C4%81da_yoga" title="Nāda yoga">Nada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surat_Shabd_Yoga" title="Surat Shabd Yoga">Surat Shabd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aghor_Yoga" title="Aghor Yoga">Aghor Yoga</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mudra#Yoga" title="Mudra">Mudras</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bandha_(yoga)" title="Bandha (yoga)">Bandha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahamudra_(Hatha_Yoga)" title="Mahamudra (Hatha Yoga)">Mahamudra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viparita_Karani" title="Viparita Karani">Viparita Karani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mudras_(yoga)" title="List of mudras (yoga)">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyasa_(ritual)" title="Nyasa (ritual)">Nyasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumbhaka" title="Kumbhaka">Kumbhaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sama_vritti" title="Sama vritti">Sama vritti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shatkarma" title="Shatkarma">Shatkarmas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neti_(Hatha_Yoga)" title="Neti (Hatha Yoga)">Neti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhauti" title="Dhauti">Dhauti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nauli" title="Nauli">Nauli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basti_(hatha_yoga)" title="Basti (hatha yoga)">Basti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapalabhati" title="Kapalabhati">Kapalabhati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhastrika" title="Bhastrika">Bhastrika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tr%C4%81%E1%B9%ADaka" title="Trāṭaka">Trataka</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapas_(Indian_religions)#Yoga_and_brahmacharya" title="Tapas (Indian religions)">Tapas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C4%81dhan%C4%81" title="Sādhanā">Sādhanā</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tantra" title="Tantra">Tantra</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yogi" title="Yogi">Yogi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yogini" title="Yogini">Yogini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siddhi" title="Siddhi">Siddhi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mahasiddha" title="Mahasiddha">Mahasiddha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaiva_Siddhanta" title="Shaiva Siddhanta">Shaiva Siddhanta</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laya_Yoga" class="mw-redirect" title="Laya Yoga">Laya Yoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kundalini" title="Kundalini">Kundalini</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tantric_sex" title="Tantric sex">Sexual Yoga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hatha_yoga" title="Hatha yoga">Hatha yoga</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Amaraugha_Prabodha" class="mw-redirect" title="Amaraugha Prabodha">Amaraugha Prabodha</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Amritasiddhi" title="Amritasiddhi">Amritasiddhi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bahr_al-Hayat" title="Bahr al-Hayat">Bahr al-Hayat</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ha%E1%B9%ADh%C4%81bhy%C4%81sapaddhati" title="Haṭhābhyāsapaddhati">Hathabhyasapaddhati</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ha%E1%B9%ADha_Ratn%C4%81val%C4%AB" title="Haṭha Ratnāvalī">Hatha Ratnavali</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hatha_Yoga_Pradipika" title="Hatha Yoga Pradipika">Hatha Yoga Pradipika</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hatha_Yoga:_The_Report_of_a_Personal_Experience" title="Hatha Yoga: The Report of a Personal Experience">Hatha Yoga: The Report of a Personal Experience</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gheranda_Samhita" title="Gheranda Samhita">Gheranda Samhita</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Joga_Prad%C4%ABpik%C4%81" title="Joga Pradīpikā">Joga Pradipika</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shiva_Samhita" title="Shiva Samhita">Shiva Samhita</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sritattvanidhi" title="Sritattvanidhi">Sritattvanidhi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vasishtha_Samhita" title="Vasishtha Samhita">Vasishtha Samhita</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vimanarcanakalpa" title="Vimanarcanakalpa">Vimanarcanakalpa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yogasopana_Purvacatuska" title="Yogasopana Purvacatuska">Yogasopana Purvacatuska</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Theravada" title="Theravada">Theravada</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samatha" class="mw-redirect" title="Samatha">Samatha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samadhi_(Buddhism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Samadhi (Buddhism)">Samadhi (Buddhism)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vipassan%C4%81" class="mw-redirect" title="Vipassanā">Vipassana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anapanasati" title="Anapanasati">Anapanasati</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Visuddhimagga" title="Visuddhimagga">Visuddhimagga</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mahayana" title="Mahayana">Mahayana</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>India <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yogachara" title="Yogachara">Yogachara</a></li></ul></li> <li>Japan <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tendai" title="Tendai">Tendai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zazen" title="Zazen">Zazen</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vajrayana" title="Vajrayana">Vajrayana</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>India <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Classes_of_Tantra_in_Tibetan_Buddhism#Kriyayoga" title="Classes of Tantra in Tibetan Buddhism">Kriyayoga (Buddhist)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classes_of_Tantra_in_Tibetan_Buddhism#Caryayoga" title="Classes of Tantra in Tibetan Buddhism">Caryayoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classes_of_Tantra_in_Tibetan_Buddhism#Anuttarayoga" title="Classes of Tantra in Tibetan Buddhism">Anuttarayoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahajayana" class="mw-redirect" title="Sahajayana">Sahajayana</a></li></ul></li> <li>Tibet <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_tantric_practice" title="Tibetan tantric practice">Devata yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trul_khor" title="Trul khor">Yantra yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Six_Dharmas_of_Naropa" title="Six Dharmas of Naropa">Six Yogas of Naropa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tummo" title="Tummo">Tummo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luminous_mind" title="Luminous mind">Ösel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karmamudra" class="mw-redirect" title="Karmamudra">Karmamudra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dream_yoga" title="Dream yoga">Milam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bardo" title="Bardo">Bardo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phowa" title="Phowa">Phowa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahayoga" title="Mahayoga">Mahayoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anuyoga" title="Anuyoga">Anuyoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atiyoga" class="mw-redirect" title="Atiyoga">Atiyoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahamudra" title="Mahamudra">Mahamudra</a></li></ul></li> <li>China <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Esoteric_Buddhism" title="Chinese Esoteric Buddhism">Tangmi</a></li></ul></li> <li>Japan <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shingon" class="mw-redirect" title="Shingon">Shingon</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Modern_yoga" title="Modern yoga">Modern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yoga_as_exercise" title="Yoga as exercise">As exercise</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asana" title="Asana">Asana</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Downward_Dog_Pose" title="Downward Dog Pose">Downward dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standing_asanas" title="Standing asanas">Standing asanas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_asanas" title="List of asanas">List of asanas</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drishti_(yoga)" title="Drishti (yoga)">Drishti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_Salutation" title="Sun Salutation">Sun Salutation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viny%C4%81sa" title="Vinyāsa">Vinyāsa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hasta_Vinyasas" title="Hasta Vinyasas">Hasta Vinyasas</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_as_therapy" title="Yoga as therapy">Yoga as therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_for_women" title="Yoga for women">Yoga for women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_using_props" title="Yoga using props">Props</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Light_on_Yoga" title="Light on Yoga">Light on Yoga</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_yoga_hybrids" title="List of yoga hybrids">Yoga hybrids</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mindful_Yoga" title="Mindful Yoga">Mindful Yoga</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Day_of_Yoga" title="International Day of Yoga">International Day of Yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_yoga_schools" title="List of yoga schools">List of yoga schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_yoga_gurus" title="Modern yoga gurus">Modern yoga gurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_Nidra" class="mw-redirect" title="Yoga Nidra">Yoga Nidra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Yoga_scholars" title="Template:Yoga scholars">Yoga scholars (template)</a></li> <li>Journals <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Asana_Journal" title="Asana Journal">Asana Journal</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yoga_Journal" title="Yoga Journal">Yoga Journal</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> 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