CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Amie Boal - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"73ad68d4-3f9e-45a5-a595-098a68087418","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Amie_Boal","wgTitle":"Amie Boal","wgCurRevisionId":1230146796,"wgRevisionId":1230146796,"wgArticleId":67961148,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles with short description","Short description matches Wikidata","Articles with hCards","Year of birth missing (living people)","Living people","Scientists from Portland, Oregon","American women biochemists","Pomona College alumni","California Institute of Technology alumni","Pennsylvania State University faculty","21st-century American women","Searle Scholars Program recipients"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext", "wgRelevantPageName":"Amie_Boal","wgRelevantArticleId":67961148,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgRedirectedFrom":"Amie_K._Boal","wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":8000,"wgInternalRedirectTargetUrl":"/wiki/Amie_Boal","wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q59674896", "wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["mediawiki.action.view.redirect","ext.cite.ux-enhancements","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js", "ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Amie Boal - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amie_Boal"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Amie_Boal&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amie_Boal"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Amie_Boal rootpage-Amie_Boal skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Amie+Boal" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Amie+Boal" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Amie+Boal" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Amie+Boal" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Early_life_and_education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_life_and_education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Early life and education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_life_and_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Career</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Awards</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Amie Boal</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="This article exist only in this language. Add the article for other languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-0" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Add languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="uls-after-portlet-link"></span><span class="wb-langlinks-add wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q59674896#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Add interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Add links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Amie_Boal" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Amie_Boal" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Amie_Boal"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amie_Boal&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amie_Boal&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Amie_Boal"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amie_Boal&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amie_Boal&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Amie_Boal" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Amie_Boal" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amie_Boal&oldid=1230146796" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amie_Boal&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Amie_Boal&id=1230146796&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAmie_Boal"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAmie_Boal"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Amie_Boal&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amie_Boal&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q59674896" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Amie_K._Boal&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Amie K. Boal">Amie K. Boal</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American chemist</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Amie Boal</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Amie Kathleen Boal</div><br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Portland,_Oregon" title="Portland, Oregon">Portland, Oregon</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pfizer_Award_in_Enzyme_Chemistry" title="Pfizer Award in Enzyme Chemistry">Pfizer Award in Enzyme Chemistry</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Camille_Dreyfus_Teacher-Scholar_Awards" title="Camille Dreyfus Teacher-Scholar Awards">Camille Dreyfus Teacher-Scholar Awards</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Academic background</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data">BA, Chemistry, 2002, <a href="/wiki/Pomona_College" title="Pomona College">Pomona College</a> <br /> PhD, Chemistry, 2008, <a href="/wiki/California_Institute_of_Technology" title="California Institute of Technology">California Institute of Technology</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Thesis" title="Thesis">Thesis</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thesis.library.caltech.edu/2408/"><i>DNA-Mediated Charge Transport in DNA Repair</i></a> (2008)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Doctoral advisor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jacqueline_Barton" title="Jacqueline Barton">Jacqueline Barton</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Academic work</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institutions</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_University" title="Pennsylvania State University">Pennsylvania State University</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Northwestern_University" title="Northwestern University">Northwestern University</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Amie Kathleen Boal</b> is an American chemist. She is an <a href="/wiki/Associate_professor" title="Associate professor">associate professor</a> of chemistry, biochemistry, and molecular biology at <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_University" title="Pennsylvania State University">Pennsylvania State University</a>. In 2020, Boal was the recipient of the <a href="/wiki/Pfizer_Award_in_Enzyme_Chemistry" title="Pfizer Award in Enzyme Chemistry">Pfizer Award in Enzyme Chemistry</a> from the <a href="/wiki/American_Chemical_Society" title="American Chemical Society">American Chemical Society</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amie_Boal&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Boal is a native of <a href="/wiki/Portland,_Oregon" title="Portland, Oregon">Portland, Oregon</a>. She earned her Bachelor of Arts degree in chemistry from <a href="/wiki/Pomona_College" title="Pomona College">Pomona College</a> and her PhD in the same subject from the <a href="/wiki/California_Institute_of_Technology" title="California Institute of Technology">California Institute of Technology</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-journal_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-journal-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Boal wrote her thesis, <i>DNA-Mediated Charge Transport in DNA Repair,</i> which won the Herbert Newby McCoy Award, in 2008 under the guidance of <a href="/wiki/Jacqueline_Barton" title="Jacqueline Barton">Jacqueline Barton</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following this, Boal accepted a post-doctoral position in <a href="/wiki/Amy_Rosenzweig" title="Amy Rosenzweig">Amy Rosenzweig</a>'s laboratory at <a href="/wiki/Northwestern_University" title="Northwestern University">Northwestern University</a> where she studied interactions between platinum-based anticancer therapeutics and human copper homeostasis proteins.<sup id="cite_ref-journal_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-journal-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During her post-doctoral fellowship, Boal was awarded a <a href="/wiki/National_Institutes_of_Health" title="National Institutes of Health">National Institutes of Health</a> (NIH) Pathway to Independence Award and an NIH <a href="/wiki/Ruth_L._Kirschstein" title="Ruth L. Kirschstein">Ruth L. Kirschstein</a> National Research Service Award.<sup id="cite_ref-Searle_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Searle-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amie_Boal&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Boal remained at Northwestern until 2013 when she joined the Departments of Chemistry and of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology at <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_University" title="Pennsylvania State University">Pennsylvania State University</a>. Her research focused on understanding the structural basis for mechanism and function in diverse families of metalloenzymes.<sup id="cite_ref-stanford_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stanford-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Upon joining the faculty, she was named a <a href="/wiki/Searle_Scholars_Program" title="Searle Scholars Program">Searle Scholar</a> to support her independent research into understanding how microorganisms acquire and use metal ions.<sup id="cite_ref-Searle_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Searle-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following this, she collaborated with <a href="/wiki/Squire_Booker" title="Squire Booker">Squire Booker</a> to determine the three-dimensional structure of the RlmN protein from the bacterium.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result of her collaborative research, Boal was the recipient of a Maximizing Investigators' Research Award for Early Stage Investigators at the NIH.<sup id="cite_ref-Landschoot_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Landschoot-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Prior to her promotion to <a href="/wiki/Associate_professor" title="Associate professor">associate professor</a>, Boal was the senior author of a study that showed that a new subclass of ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) was able to use a modified amino acid instead of a metal ion as the oxidizing agent.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the same year, she was recognized with a <a href="/wiki/Camille_Dreyfus_Teacher-Scholar_Awards" title="Camille Dreyfus Teacher-Scholar Awards">Camille Dreyfus Teacher-Scholar Award</a> for being a young chemist who has "created an outstanding independent body of scholarship, and are deeply committed to education."<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Boal and her research team later solved an x-ray crystal structure of SznF, showing that the protein contains two different active sites. As a result, she teamed up with <a href="/wiki/Emily_Balskus" title="Emily Balskus">Emily Balskus</a> from <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a> to explore how the bacterium that lives in soil produces streptozotocin.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prior to the start of the 2019–20 academic year, Boal was promoted to the rank of associate professor.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>, Boal was the recipient of the <a href="/wiki/Pfizer_Award_in_Enzyme_Chemistry" title="Pfizer Award in Enzyme Chemistry">Pfizer Award in Enzyme Chemistry</a> from the <a href="/wiki/American_Chemical_Society" title="American Chemical Society">American Chemical Society</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Landschoot_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Landschoot-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards">Awards</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amie_Boal&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>2020 – <a href="/wiki/Pfizer_Award_in_Enzyme_Chemistry" title="Pfizer Award in Enzyme Chemistry">Pfizer Award in Enzyme Chemistry</a></li> <li>2018 – <a href="/wiki/Camille_Dreyfus_Teacher-Scholar_Awards" title="Camille Dreyfus Teacher-Scholar Awards">Camille Dreyfus Teacher-Scholar Awards</a></li> <li>2014 - <a href="/wiki/Searle_Scholars_Program" title="Searle Scholars Program">Searle Scholars Program</a><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2012 – NIH Pathway to Independence Award</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amie_Boal&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-journal-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-journal_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-journal_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBoalRosenzweig2009" class="citation journal cs1">Boal, Amie K.; Rosenzweig, Amy C. (October 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2768115">"Structural Biology of Copper Trafficking"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Chemical_Reviews" title="Chemical Reviews">Chemical Reviews</a></i>. <b>109</b> (10): 4760–4779. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fcr900104z">10.1021/cr900104z</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2768115">2768115</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19824702">19824702</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemical+Reviews&rft.atitle=Structural+Biology+of+Copper+Trafficking&rft.volume=109&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=4760-4779&rft.date=2009-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2768115%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19824702&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Fcr900104z&rft.aulast=Boal&rft.aufirst=Amie+K.&rft.au=Rosenzweig%2C+Amy+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2768115&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmie+Boal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoal2008" class="citation thesis cs1">Boal, Amie Kathleen (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thesis.library.caltech.edu/2408/"><i>DNA-Mediated Charge Transport in DNA Repair</i></a> (Thesis). Caltech Library. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.7907%2FCMWB-6C92">10.7907/CMWB-6C92</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 15,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=DNA-Mediated+Charge+Transport+in+DNA+Repair&rft.inst=Caltech+Library&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.7907%2FCMWB-6C92&rft.aulast=Boal&rft.aufirst=Amie+Kathleen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthesis.library.caltech.edu%2F2408%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmie+Boal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Searle-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Searle_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Searle_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.psu.edu/story/320681/2014/07/14/academics/boal-named-2014-searle-scholar">"Boal named 2014 Searle Scholar"</a>. Penn State. July 14, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 15,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Boal+named+2014+Searle+Scholar&rft.pub=Penn+State&rft.date=2014-07-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.psu.edu%2Fstory%2F320681%2F2014%2F07%2F14%2Facademics%2Fboal-named-2014-searle-scholar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmie+Boal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-stanford-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-stanford_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chemistry.stanford.edu/events/inorganic-chemistry-seminar-amie-k-boal-pennsylvania-state-university">"Inorganic Chemistry Seminar: Amie K. Boal, Pennsylvania State University"</a>. Stanford University. March 13, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 15,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Inorganic+Chemistry+Seminar%3A+Amie+K.+Boal%2C+Pennsylvania+State+University&rft.pub=Stanford+University&rft.date=2019-03-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fchemistry.stanford.edu%2Fevents%2Finorganic-chemistry-seminar-amie-k-boal-pennsylvania-state-university&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmie+Boal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSholtis2016" class="citation web cs1">Sholtis, Sam (April 20, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://science.psu.edu/news/caught-act-3d-structure-rna-modifying-protein-determined-action">"Caught in the act: 3D structure of an RNA-modifying protein determined in action"</a>. Penn State<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 15,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Caught+in+the+act%3A+3D+structure+of+an+RNA-modifying+protein+determined+in+action&rft.pub=Penn+State&rft.date=2016-04-20&rft.aulast=Sholtis&rft.aufirst=Sam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscience.psu.edu%2Fnews%2Fcaught-act-3d-structure-rna-modifying-protein-determined-action&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmie+Boal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Landschoot-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Landschoot_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Landschoot_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLandschoot2020" class="citation web cs1">Landschoot, Marie (September 23, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.psu.edu/story/632863/2020/09/23/academics/amie-boal-honored-pfizer-award-enzyme-chemistry">"Amie Boal honored with Pfizer Award in Enzyme Chemistry"</a>. Penn State<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 15,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Amie+Boal+honored+with+Pfizer+Award+in+Enzyme+Chemistry&rft.pub=Penn+State&rft.date=2020-09-23&rft.aulast=Landschoot&rft.aufirst=Marie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.psu.edu%2Fstory%2F632863%2F2020%2F09%2F23%2Facademics%2Famie-boal-honored-pfizer-award-enzyme-chemistry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmie+Boal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSholtis2018" class="citation web cs1">Sholtis, Sam (October 18, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.psu.edu/story/542386/2018/10/18/research/pathogens-may-evade-immune-response-metal-free-enzyme">"Pathogens may evade immune response with metal-free enzyme"</a>. Penn State<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 15,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pathogens+may+evade+immune+response+with+metal-free+enzyme&rft.pub=Penn+State&rft.date=2018-10-18&rft.aulast=Sholtis&rft.aufirst=Sam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.psu.edu%2Fstory%2F542386%2F2018%2F10%2F18%2Fresearch%2Fpathogens-may-evade-immune-response-metal-free-enzyme&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmie+Boal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://science.psu.edu/news/amie-boal-receives-2018-camille-dreyfus-teacher-scholar-award">"Amie Boal receives 2018 Camille Dreyfus Teacher-Scholar Award"</a>. Penn State. May 8, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 15,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Amie+Boal+receives+2018+Camille+Dreyfus+Teacher-Scholar+Award&rft.pub=Penn+State&rft.date=2018-05-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscience.psu.edu%2Fnews%2Famie-boal-receives-2018-camille-dreyfus-teacher-scholar-award&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmie+Boal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLandschoot2019" class="citation web cs1">Landschoot, Maria (February 25, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://science.psu.edu/news/boal-group-teams-up-with-harvard">"Boal Group Teams up with Harvard to Study How Bacteria Produces a Compound Used to Treat Cancer"</a>. Penn State<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 15,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Boal+Group+Teams+up+with+Harvard+to+Study+How+Bacteria+Produces+a+Compound+Used+to+Treat+Cancer&rft.pub=Penn+State&rft.date=2019-02-25&rft.aulast=Landschoot&rft.aufirst=Maria&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscience.psu.edu%2Fnews%2Fboal-group-teams-up-with-harvard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmie+Boal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.psu.edu/story/578561/2019/06/20/academics/penn-state-promotions-academic-rank-effective-july-1-2019">"Penn State promotions in academic rank, effective July 1, 2019"</a>. Penn State. June 20, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 15,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Penn+State+promotions+in+academic+rank%2C+effective+July+1%2C+2019&rft.pub=Penn+State&rft.date=2019-06-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.psu.edu%2Fstory%2F578561%2F2019%2F06%2F20%2Facademics%2Fpenn-state-promotions-academic-rank-effective-july-1-2019&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmie+Boal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.searlescholars.net/person/613">"Searle Scholars Program"</a>. <i>Scholar Profile Amie K. Boal</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150905092904/http://www.searlescholars.net/person/613">the original</a> on September 5, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Scholar+Profile+Amie+K.+Boal&rft.atitle=Searle+Scholars+Program&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20150905092904%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.searlescholars.net%2Fperson%2F613&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmie+Boal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amie_Boal&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pfizer_Award_in_Enzyme_Chemistry" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#d3d3d3;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Pfizer_Award_in_Enzyme_Chemistry" title="Template:Pfizer Award in Enzyme Chemistry"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Pfizer_Award_in_Enzyme_Chemistry" title="Template talk:Pfizer Award in Enzyme Chemistry"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Pfizer_Award_in_Enzyme_Chemistry" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Pfizer Award in Enzyme Chemistry"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pfizer_Award_in_Enzyme_Chemistry" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Pfizer_Award_in_Enzyme_Chemistry" title="Pfizer Award in Enzyme Chemistry">Pfizer Award in Enzyme Chemistry</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Formerly the <b>Paul-Lewis Award in Enzyme Chemistry</b></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/David_E._Green" title="David E. Green">David E. Green</a> (1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Van_Rensselaer_Potter" title="Van Rensselaer Potter">Van R. Potter</a> (1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_L._Lehninger" title="Albert L. Lehninger">Albert L. Lehninger</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_A._Lardy" title="Henry A. Lardy">Henry A. Lardy</a> (1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Britton_Chance" title="Britton Chance">Britton Chance</a> (1950)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Kornberg" title="Arthur Kornberg">Arthur Kornberg</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bernard_L._Horecker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bernard L. Horecker (page does not exist)">Bernard L. Horecker</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_Reece_Stadtman" title="Earl Reece Stadtman">Earl R. Stadtman</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alton_Meister" title="Alton Meister">Alton Meister</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_D._Boyer" title="Paul D. Boyer">Paul D. Boyer</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merton_F._Utter" title="Merton F. Utter">Merton F. Utter</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=G._Robert_Greenberg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="G. Robert Greenberg (page does not exist)">G. Robert Greenberg</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_P._Kennedy" title="Eugene P. Kennedy">Eugene P. Kennedy</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minor_J._Coon" title="Minor J. Coon">Minor J. Coon</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Pardee" title="Arthur Pardee">Arthur Pardee</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_M._Huennekens&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frank M. Huennekens (page does not exist)">Frank M. Huennekens</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_L._Strominger" title="Jack L. Strominger">Jack L. Strominger</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Gilvarg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Gilvarg (page does not exist)">Charles Gilvarg</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Warren_Nirenberg" title="Marshall Warren Nirenberg">Marshall Nirenberg</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederic_M._Richards" title="Frederic M. Richards">Frederic M. Richards</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samuel_B._Weiss&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samuel B. Weiss (page does not exist)">Samuel B. Weiss</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._Roy_Vagelos" title="P. Roy Vagelos">P. Roy Vagelos</a> & <a href="/wiki/Salih_J._Wakil" title="Salih J. Wakil">Salih J. Wakil</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_J._Rutter" title="William J. Rutter">William J. Rutter</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Schimke" title="Robert Schimke">Robert T. Schimke</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Weissbach_(biochemist)" title="Herbert Weissbach (biochemist)">Herbert Weissbach</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jack_Preiss&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jack Preiss (page does not exist)">Jack Preiss</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekkehard_K._F._Bautz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekkehard K. F. Bautz (page does not exist)">Ekkehard K. F. Bautz</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Martin_Temin" title="Howard Martin Temin">Howard M. Temin</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Chamberlin_(biologist)" title="Michael Chamberlin (biologist)">Michael J. Chamberlin</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malcolm_L._Gefter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Malcolm L. Gefter (page does not exist)">Malcolm L. Gefter</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Stuart_Brown" title="Michael Stuart Brown">Michael S. Brown</a> & <a href="/wiki/Joseph_L._Goldstein" title="Joseph L. Goldstein">Joseph L. Goldstein</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_J._Benkovic" title="Stephen J. Benkovic">Stephen J. Benkovic</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Schimmel" title="Paul Schimmel">Paul Schimmel</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederik_C._Hartman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frederik C. Hartman (page does not exist)">Frederik C. Hartman</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_A._Steitz" title="Thomas A. Steitz">Thomas A. Steitz</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_V._Santi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daniel V. Santi (page does not exist)">Daniel V. Santi</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_R._Burgess&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard R. Burgess (page does not exist)">Richard R. Burgess</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_L._Mordich&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul L. Mordich (page does not exist)">Paul L. Mordich</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Tjian" title="Robert Tjian">Robert T.N. Tjian</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cech" title="Thomas Cech">Thomas Cech</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/JoAnne_Stubbe" title="JoAnne Stubbe">JoAnne Stubbe</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_Petsko" title="Gregory Petsko">Gregory Petsko</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_W._Kozarich&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John W. Kozarich (page does not exist)">John W. Kozarich</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kenneth_A._Johnson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kenneth A. Johnson (page does not exist)">Kenneth A. Johnson</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_A._Wells" title="James A. Wells">James A. Wells</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Vale" title="Ronald Vale">Ronald Vale</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_O._Pabo" class="mw-redirect" title="Carl O. Pabo">Carl O. Pabo</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_H._Gelb" title="Michael H. Gelb">Michael H. Gelb</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donald_Hilvert&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Donald Hilvert (page does not exist)">Donald Hilvert</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Joyce" title="Gerald Joyce">Gerald Joyce</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=P._Andrew_Karplus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="P. Andrew Karplus (page does not exist)">P. Andrew Karplus</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Herschlag" title="Daniel Herschlag">Daniel Herschlag</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_T._Raines" title="Ronald T. Raines">Ronald T. Raines</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_W._Christianson" title="David W. Christianson">David W. Christianson</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_T._Kool" class="mw-redirect" title="Eric T. Kool">Eric T. Kool</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruma_Banerjee" title="Ruma Banerjee">Ruma Banerjee</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karin_Musier-Forsyth" title="Karin Musier-Forsyth">Karin Musier-Forsyth</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothee_Kern" title="Dorothee Kern">Dorothee Kern</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilfred_A._van_der_Donk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wilfred A. van der Donk (page does not exist)">Wilfred A. van der Donk</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicole_S._Sampson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nicole S. Sampson (page does not exist)">Nicole S. Sampson</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Berger_(scientist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Berger (scientist) (page does not exist)">James Berger</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Kelleher_(scientist)" title="Neil Kelleher (scientist)">Neil L. Kelleher</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carsten_Krebs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carsten Krebs (page does not exist)">Carsten Krebs</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Cornish" title="Virginia Cornish">Virginia Cornish</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vahe_Bandarian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vahe Bandarian (page does not exist)">Vahe Bandarian</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_O%27Connor" title="Sarah O'Connor">Sarah O'Connor</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jin_Zhang_(scientist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jin Zhang (scientist) (page does not exist)">Jin Zhang</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kate_Carroll" title="Kate Carroll">Kate Carroll</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hening_Lin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hening Lin (page does not exist)">Hening Lin</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Mitchell_(scientist)" title="Douglas Mitchell (scientist)">Douglas Mitchell</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelle_C._Chang" title="Michelle C. Chang">Michelle Chang</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emily_Balskus" title="Emily Balskus">Emily Balskus</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammad_Seyedsayamdost&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mohammad Seyedsayamdost (page does not exist)">Mohammad Seyedsayamdost</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenichi_Yokoyama" title="Kenichi Yokoyama">Kenichi Yokoyama</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rahul_Kohli_(scientist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rahul Kohli (scientist) (page does not exist)">Rahul Kohli</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amie_K._Boal" class="mw-redirect" title="Amie K. Boal">Amie K. Boal</a> (2021)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q59674896#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q59674896#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q59674896#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000111977595">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/162988199">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJrWG4mwkjhgpH3K7PR3Qq">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2011009074">United States</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1234-8472">ORCID</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researcherid.com/rid/A-1264-2014">ResearcherID</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=8520609400">Scopus</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Amie_Boal&oldid=1230146796">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Amie_Boal&oldid=1230146796</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Living_people" title="Category:Living people">Living people</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Scientists_from_Portland,_Oregon" title="Category:Scientists from Portland, Oregon">Scientists from Portland, Oregon</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_women_biochemists" title="Category:American women biochemists">American women biochemists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pomona_College_alumni" title="Category:Pomona College alumni">Pomona College alumni</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:California_Institute_of_Technology_alumni" title="Category:California Institute of Technology alumni">California Institute of Technology alumni</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pennsylvania_State_University_faculty" title="Category:Pennsylvania State University faculty">Pennsylvania State University faculty</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:21st-century_American_women" title="Category:21st-century American women">21st-century American women</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Searle_Scholars_Program_recipients" title="Category:Searle Scholars Program recipients">Searle Scholars Program recipients</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hCards" title="Category:Articles with hCards">Articles with hCards</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Year_of_birth_missing_(living_people)" title="Category:Year of birth missing (living people)">Year of birth missing (living people)</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 20 June 2024, at 23:18<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Amie_Boal&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-ssg57","wgBackendResponseTime":147,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.412","walltime":"0.512","ppvisitednodes":{"value":2352,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":46116,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":2357,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":11,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":1,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":56444,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 462.476 1 -total"," 30.96% 143.193 1 Template:Reflist"," 28.90% 133.646 1 Template:Infobox_academic"," 18.59% 85.980 1 Template:Pfizer_Award_in_Enzyme_Chemistry"," 17.83% 82.474 1 Template:Navbox"," 17.55% 81.155 1 Template:Cite_journal"," 13.92% 64.385 1 Template:Short_description"," 8.34% 38.551 2 Template:Infobox"," 8.26% 38.190 2 Template:Pagetype"," 7.79% 36.021 9 Template:Cite_web"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.299","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":6387590,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-lz44k","timestamp":"20241122202820","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Amie Boal","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Amie_Boal","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q59674896","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q59674896","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2021-06-15T20:56:46Z","dateModified":"2024-06-20T23:18:20Z","headline":"American chemist"}</script> </body> </html>