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class="infobox-above">McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet in Australian service</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Three_RAAF_FA-18_Hornets_in_flight_at_Red_Flag_2012_(wide_crop).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Photo of three modern fighter aircraft flying in formation over a desert" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Three_RAAF_FA-18_Hornets_in_flight_at_Red_Flag_2012_%28wide_crop%29.jpg/300px-Three_RAAF_FA-18_Hornets_in_flight_at_Red_Flag_2012_%28wide_crop%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Three_RAAF_FA-18_Hornets_in_flight_at_Red_Flag_2012_%28wide_crop%29.jpg/450px-Three_RAAF_FA-18_Hornets_in_flight_at_Red_Flag_2012_%28wide_crop%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Three_RAAF_FA-18_Hornets_in_flight_at_Red_Flag_2012_%28wide_crop%29.jpg/600px-Three_RAAF_FA-18_Hornets_in_flight_at_Red_Flag_2012_%28wide_crop%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2400" /></a> <div class="ib-aircraft-caption">Three RAAF F/A-18A Hornets in 2012</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">General information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Multirole_combat_aircraft" title="Multirole combat aircraft">Multirole fighter</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Aerospace_manufacturer" title="Aerospace manufacturer">Manufacturer</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas" title="McDonnell Douglas">McDonnell Douglas</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Built by</th><td class="infobox-data">Most assembled by <a href="/wiki/Government_Aircraft_Factories" title="Government Aircraft Factories">Government Aircraft Factories</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Status</th><td class="infobox-data">Retired</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Primary user</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Australian_Air_Force" title="Royal Australian Air Force">Royal Australian Air Force</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Number built</th><td class="infobox-data">57 F/A-18A, 18 F/A-18B</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Serial_number" title="Serial number">Serial</a></th><td class="infobox-data">A21-1 to A21-57 (F/A-18A) A21-101 to A21-118 (F/A-18B)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">History</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Manufactured</th><td class="infobox-data">1984–1990</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">In service</th><td class="infobox-data">1984–2021</td></tr></tbody></table> The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Australian_Air_Force" title="Royal Australian Air Force">Royal Australian Air Force</a> (RAAF) operated <a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_F/A-18_Hornet" title="McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet">McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet</a> fighter aircraft between 1984 and 2021. The <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Australia">Australian Government</a> purchased 75 A and B variants of the F/A-18 in 1981 to replace the <a href="/wiki/Dassault_Mirage_III_Australian_procurement" title="Dassault Mirage III Australian procurement">RAAF's Dassault Mirage III</a> fighters. The Hornets entered service with the RAAF between 1984 and 1990. Four Hornets were destroyed in flying accidents during the late 1980s and early 1990s. RAAF Hornets were first sent on a combat deployment as part of the <a href="/wiki/Australian_contribution_to_the_2003_invasion_of_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian contribution to the 2003 invasion of Iraq">Australian contribution to the 2003 invasion of Iraq</a>. During the invasion, 14 Hornets flew patrols over Iraq, as well as <a href="/wiki/Close_air_support" title="Close air support">close air support</a> <a href="/wiki/Sortie" title="Sortie">sorties</a> to assist coalition ground forces. RAAF F/A-18s also provided security for the American air base at <a href="/wiki/Diego_Garcia" title="Diego Garcia">Diego Garcia</a> between late 2001 and early 2002, and have protected a number of high-profile events in Australia. Between 2015 and 2017 a detachment of Hornets was deployed to the Middle East and struck <a href="/wiki/ISIL" class="mw-redirect" title="ISIL">ISIL</a> targets as part of <a href="/wiki/Operation_Okra" title="Operation Okra">Operation Okra</a>. Commencing in 1999, the RAAF put its Hornets through a series of upgrades to improve their effectiveness. However, the aircraft became increasingly difficult to operate and were at risk of being outclassed by the fighters and air-defence systems operated by other countries. Under current Australian Government planning they will be replaced by 72 <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_F-35_Lightning_II" title="Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II">Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II</a> fighters. The Australian Government offered the Hornets for sale after they were retired and 25 were sold to Canada in early 2019. Eight F/A-18s will be preserved for historical purposes in Australia. The remaining Hornets were scrapped after a deal to sell them to a private company failed in 2023. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Selection">Selection</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=McDonnell_Douglas_F/A-18_Hornet_in_Australian_service&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Selection">edit</a>]</div> The RAAF began the initial stages of finding a replacement for its <a href="/wiki/Dassault_Mirage_III" title="Dassault Mirage III">Dassault Mirage III</a> fighters in 1968.<a href="#cite_note-McLaughlin_2005_51-1">[1]</a> The service issued an Air Staff Requirement for new fighter aircraft in December 1971, which received a larger than expected number of proposals from manufacturers. At that time the RAAF expected to start phasing out the Mirage IIIs in 1980.<a href="#cite_note-Wilson_1993_80-2">[2]</a> In 1973, a team of RAAF personnel inspected the <a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_F-15_Eagle" title="McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle">McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northrop_YF-17" title="Northrop YF-17">Northrop YF-17</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saab_37_Viggen" title="Saab 37 Viggen">Saab 37 Viggen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dassault_Mirage_F1" title="Dassault Mirage F1">Dassault Mirage F1</a> programs, but recommended that any decisions about a suitable replacement be delayed so that several new fighters that were expected to soon become available could also be considered.<a href="#cite_note-McLaughlin_2005_51-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-Wilson_1993_81-3">[3]</a> In August 1974 the Australian Government decided to defer the fighter replacement project and extend the Mirage IIIs' operational life into the 1980s. One of the four Mirage III-equipped squadrons was also disbanded at this time.<a href="#cite_note-Wilson_1993_81-3">[3]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:388tfwing-f-16.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Photo of a modern fighter aircraft parked on tarmac" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/388tfwing-f-16.jpg/220px-388tfwing-f-16.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/388tfwing-f-16.jpg/330px-388tfwing-f-16.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/388tfwing-f-16.jpg/440px-388tfwing-f-16.jpg 2x" data-file-width="862" data-file-height="578" /></a><figcaption>USAF F-16A in 1980</figcaption></figure> Work on the Mirage replacement program resumed in 1975, and the Tactical Fighter Project Office was established in 1976 to manage the process of selecting the RAAF's next fighter.<a href="#cite_note-McLaughlin_2005_51-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-Wilson_1993_81-3">[3]</a> A request for proposals was issued in November that year and attracted eleven responses. By March 1977 the office had chosen to focus on the F-15 Eagle, <a href="/wiki/General_Dynamics_F-16_Fighting_Falcon" title="General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon">General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dassault_Mirage_2000" title="Dassault Mirage 2000">Dassault Mirage 2000</a> and <a href="/wiki/Panavia_Tornado" title="Panavia Tornado">Panavia Tornado</a>, as well as the <a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_F/A-18_Hornet" title="McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet">McDonnell Douglas F-18A</a> and F-18L; the F-18A was a carrier-based fighter developed from the YF-17 for the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">United States Navy</a>, and the F-18L was a land-based variant of this design. The <a href="/wiki/Grumman_F-14_Tomcat" title="Grumman F-14 Tomcat">Grumman F-14 Tomcat</a> was also considered by the project office, but was regarded as unsuitable and never placed on the official shortlist.<a href="#cite_note-McLaughlin_2005_51-1">[1]</a> In November 1978, the F-15 and Tornado were removed from the list of aircraft being considered. The Tornado was excluded as it was principally a strike aircraft and had limited air-to-air capability. While the F-15 was an impressive aircraft that met or exceeded almost all of the RAAF's requirements, it was believed that the air force did not need a fighter with such advanced capabilities and that introducing it into service could destabilise Australia's region.<a href="#cite_note-McLaughlin_2005_52-4">[4]</a> Further evaluation of the remaining aircraft took place during 1979. Wing Commander (and later Air Vice-Marshal) <a href="/wiki/Robert_Richardson_(RAAF_officer)" title="Robert Richardson (RAAF officer)">Bob Richardson</a> test-flew a Mirage 2000 in April 1979, and reported that while the aircraft had excellent aerodynamic characteristics, its avionics, radar, fuel system, cockpit and weapons capability were inferior to those of US designs.<a href="#cite_note-McLaughlin_2005_53-5">[5]</a> Richardson also test-flew a YF-17 that was being used as a demonstrator for the F-18L in mid-1979, and was impressed by its capabilities. No F-18Ls had been ordered at this time, and the RAAF did not want to take on the risk of being the lead customer for the design.<a href="#cite_note-McLaughlin_2005_55-6">[6]</a> At about the same time, the RAAF rejected an offer of F-14 Tomcats that had been originally ordered by the Iranian Government but not delivered as a result of the <a href="/wiki/Iranian_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian Revolution">revolution in that country</a>. While the Tomcats were made available at a greatly reduced price, the air force judged that these aircraft were too large and complex for its requirements.<a href="#cite_note-McLaughlin_2005_55-6">[6]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:F-18A_Hornet_VMFA-531_Cairo_1985.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Photo of a modern fighter aircraft moving along tarmac. Sand and buildings are visible in the background." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/F-18A_Hornet_VMFA-531_Cairo_1985.jpeg/220px-F-18A_Hornet_VMFA-531_Cairo_1985.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/F-18A_Hornet_VMFA-531_Cairo_1985.jpeg/330px-F-18A_Hornet_VMFA-531_Cairo_1985.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/F-18A_Hornet_VMFA-531_Cairo_1985.jpeg/440px-F-18A_Hornet_VMFA-531_Cairo_1985.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="2833" data-file-height="1878" /></a><figcaption>US Marine Corps F/A-18A in 1985</figcaption></figure> With the Mirage 2000 and F-18L rejected, the RAAF was faced with a choice between the F-16 and F-18A. Richardson and several other RAAF pilots tested <a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">United States Air Force</a> (USAF) F-16Bs in 1979 and 1980, and reported that the aircraft had excellent performance but could be difficult to control at times. The evaluation team was also concerned about the reliability of the F-16's engine and regarded the aircraft as technologically immature. It was also noted that the aircraft's radar was inferior to that of the F-18A, and that F-16s could not fire the beyond-visual-range (BVR) air-to-air missiles and long-range anti-shipping missiles that the F-18A was capable of operating.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> In contrast, the evaluation team was impressed by the F-18A, and regarded it as being a more robust and survivable aircraft as it had been designed to operate from <a href="/wiki/Aircraft_carrier" title="Aircraft carrier">aircraft carriers</a>; these features were important for operations from <a href="/wiki/RAAF_bare_bases" title="RAAF bare bases">bare bases</a> in northern Australia.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> Richardson and three other RAAF pilots test-flew F-18As, and reported that the aircraft handled well, but had some deficiencies with its flight control system and engines; these were not seen as major flaws by the evaluation team.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> The F-18A's twin engines were considered to be its main advantage over the single-engined F-16, as research conducted by the evaluation team found that the attrition rate for single-engined fighters was twice that for aircraft with two engines.<a href="#cite_note-McLaughlin_2005_59-10">[10]</a> Overall, the RAAF judged that both the F-16 and F-18A were too immature for a decision to be made in 1980 as had been originally planned, and recommended to the Government that this be deferred by a year.<a href="#cite_note-McLaughlin_2005_59-10">[10]</a> The Government accepted the RAAF's recommendation, and delayed its decision on a Mirage III replacement until late 1981. This gave General Dynamics an opportunity to offer the improved F-16C to the RAAF. The capability of these aircraft was closer to that of the F-18 as they were equipped with BVR missiles. Richardson and another RAAF pilot test-flew F-16Cs in May 1981.<a href="#cite_note-McLaughlin_2005_59-10">[10]</a> The F-18 design was also improved during 1981, and was redesignated the F/A-18. When RAAF test pilots flew these aircraft during 1981, they found that the deficiencies they had detected in 1980 were now addressed.<a href="#cite_note-McLaughlin_2005_60-11">[11]</a> Overall, the RAAF concluded that while both aircraft met its requirements and the F-16 was less expensive, the F/A-18 was the superior design as it was more technologically mature, easier to maintain during operational deployments, and likely to have a much lower attrition rate.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> The Government accepted this advice, and announced on 20 October 1981 that 75 F/A-18s would be ordered. As part of this announcement, Minister for Defence <a href="/wiki/James_Killen" title="James Killen">Jim Killen</a> acknowledged that the F-16 would have been seven percent cheaper to purchase, but stated that the F/A-18's lower running costs and expected attrition rate greatly reduced the difference between the lifetime cost of the two designs.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> Instead of directly ordering the aircraft from McDonnell Douglas, the Australian Government purchased its F/A-18s through the US Government's <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Military_Sales" title="Foreign Military Sales">Foreign Military Sales</a> (FMS) program.<a href="#cite_note-Wilson_1993_83-14">[14]</a> Ordering the aircraft via the US Government allowed the RAAF to take advantage of the superior purchasing power of the US military, and reduced the service's project management requirements.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-15">[15]</a> This led to a complicated arrangement whereby the aircraft were ordered by the US Government, delivered to the US Navy, and then transferred to the RAAF once initial flight testing had taken place.<a href="#cite_note-Wilson_1993_83-14">[14]</a> The process functioned smoothly and was cost effective.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Production">Production</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=McDonnell_Douglas_F/A-18_Hornet_in_Australian_service&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Production">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2OCU_1985.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Photo of a modern fighter aircraft flying with its landing gear extended" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/2OCU_1985.jpg/220px-2OCU_1985.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/2OCU_1985.jpg/330px-2OCU_1985.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/2OCU_1985.jpg/440px-2OCU_1985.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="1980" /></a><figcaption>One of the RAAF's first F/A-18Bs in October 1985</figcaption></figure> The RAAF's order of 75 Hornets comprised 57 single-seat A variant fighters and 18 two-seat B variant operational training aircraft.<a href="#cite_note-Wilson_35-17">[17]</a> It was planned that each of the three fighter <a href="/wiki/Squadron_(aviation)" title="Squadron (aviation)">squadrons</a> and the single <a href="/wiki/Operational_conversion_unit" title="Operational conversion unit">operational conversion unit</a> that were to operate the F/A-18 would be allocated 16 aircraft, of which 12 were expected to be operational at any time while the other four were undergoing maintenance. The remaining eleven Hornets were labelled the "half-life attrition buy" and would replace the aircraft that were expected to have been lost by 2000; as it happened, this greatly exceeded the RAAF's actual losses.<a href="#cite_note-McLaughlin_March05_55-18">[18]</a> Deliveries were planned to start in late 1984 and be completed in 1990.<a href="#cite_note-McLaughlin_March05_55-18">[18]</a> The total cost of the F/A-18 program, including the aircraft, spare parts, other equipment and modifications to the RAAF's fighter bases, was calculated as <a href="/wiki/Australian_dollar" title="Australian dollar">A$</a>2.427 billion in August 1981, but was rapidly revised upwards due to the depreciation of the Australian dollar at this time.<a href="#cite_note-Wilson_35-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-McLaughlin_March05_54-19">[19]</a> The Australian Hornets were very similar to the standard US Navy variants, but incorporated a number of minor modifications. These included the addition of an <a href="/wiki/Instrument_landing_system" title="Instrument landing system">instrument landing system</a>/<a href="/wiki/VHF_omnidirectional_range" title="VHF omnidirectional range">VHF omnidirectional range</a> (ILS/VOR) system, a high-frequency radio, a different <a href="/wiki/Ejection_seat" title="Ejection seat">ejection seat</a> harness and the deletion of all equipment used only to launch the aircraft from <a href="/wiki/Aircraft_catapult" title="Aircraft catapult">catapults</a>.<a href="#cite_note-McLaughlin_March05_55-18">[18]</a> In addition, two of the Australian aircraft were fitted with flight-test instrumentation so that they could be used as part of trials.<a href="#cite_note-Wilson_1993_86-20">[20]</a> The Government sought to use the Mirage III replacement program as a means to increase the capabilities of Australia's manufacturing industry. Accordingly, it was decided to build the aircraft in Australia, though it was recognised that this would lead to higher costs than if the fighters were purchased directly from the United States.<a href="#cite_note-McLaughlin_March05_54-19">[19]</a> While the first four RAAF Hornets were built in the United States, the remainder were assembled at the <a href="/wiki/Government_Aircraft_Factories" title="Government Aircraft Factories">Government Aircraft Factories</a> (GAF) plant at <a href="/wiki/Avalon_Airport" title="Avalon Airport">Avalon Airport</a> in Victoria, and their engines were produced by the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Aircraft_Corporation" title="Commonwealth Aircraft Corporation">Commonwealth Aircraft Corporation</a> at <a href="/wiki/Port_Melbourne,_Victoria#Fishermans_Bend" class="mw-redirect" title="Port Melbourne, Victoria">Fishermans Bend</a> in Melbourne. Another twelve Australian companies were involved in other stages of the project.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> These firms were sub-contracted to McDonnell Douglas and the other major US companies that produced components for the F/A-18, and had to comply with the requirements of the FMS program.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-15">[15]</a> The Australian Government hoped that Singapore and New Zealand would purchase Australian-built Hornets, but this did not eventuate. The Canadian Government expressed interest in purchasing 25 Australian-built F/A-18As in 1988 in order to increase its force of these aircraft after they had ceased to be manufactured in the United States, but this did not lead to any sales.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: right; float:right; margin: 0 1em 0 0;"> <caption>F/A-18A and B variant deliveries<a href="#cite_note-Wilson_2005_42-23">[23]</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Year</th> <th>F/A-18A</th> <th>F/A-18B</th> <th>Total </th></tr> <tr> <td>1985</td> <td>1</td> <td>7</td> <td>8 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1986</td> <td>12</td> <td>0</td> <td>12 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1987</td> <td>7</td> <td>7</td> <td>14 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1988</td> <td>21</td> <td>4</td> <td>25 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1989</td> <td>12</td> <td>0</td> <td>12 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1990</td> <td>4</td> <td>0</td> <td>4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Total</td> <td>57</td> <td>18</td> <td>75 </td></tr></tbody></table> The Australian Hornets began to roll off the production lines in 1984. The first two aircraft (<a href="/wiki/Aircraft_registration" title="Aircraft registration">serial numbers</a> A21-101 and A21-102) were entirely built at McDonnell Douglas's factory in <a href="/wiki/St._Louis,_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Louis, Missouri">St. Louis</a>, and were handed over to the RAAF on 29 October 1984. These aircraft remained in the United States until May 1985 for training and trials purposes.<a href="#cite_note-Wilson_2005_41-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-McLaughlin_2005_70-25">[25]</a> The next two Australian Hornets (A21-103 and A21-104) were also built at St. Louis, but were then disassembled and flown to Avalon in June 1984 on board a USAF <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_C-5_Galaxy" title="Lockheed C-5 Galaxy">Lockheed C-5 Galaxy</a>. The aircraft were then reassembled, and A21-103 was rolled out at a ceremony attended by Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Bob_Hawke" title="Bob Hawke">Bob Hawke</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Air_Force_(Australia)" title="Chief of Air Force (Australia)">Chief of the Air Staff</a>, Air Marshal <a href="/wiki/David_Evans_(RAAF_officer)" title="David Evans (RAAF officer)">David Evans</a>, on 16 November. However, the aircraft's initial test flight was delayed until 26 February 1985 by a <a href="/wiki/Demarcation_dispute" title="Demarcation dispute">demarcation dispute</a> over which category of pilot was permitted to fly the aircraft.<a href="#cite_note-Wilson_2005_41-42-26">[26]</a> In order to meet production targets, GAF was required to complete 1.5 Hornets per month. Production fell behind schedule during the first half of 1987, however, as a result of inefficiencies at the company's factory and industrial relations problems. GAF was able to accelerate production later in the year, though some components that were planned to be manufactured in Australia were purchased from companies in the United States instead.<a href="#cite_note-Wilson_2005_42-23">[23]</a> The final cost of the Hornet project was A$4.668 billion; after adjusting for the depreciation of the Australian dollar this was $186 million less than the initial estimate.<a href="#cite_note-McLaughlin_March05_54-19">[19]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RAAF_FA-18A_landing_at_2011_Avalon_Air_Show.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Photo of a modern fighter aircraft landing on a runway. Mountains are visible in the background of the photo." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/RAAF_FA-18A_landing_at_2011_Avalon_Air_Show.jpg/220px-RAAF_FA-18A_landing_at_2011_Avalon_Air_Show.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/RAAF_FA-18A_landing_at_2011_Avalon_Air_Show.jpg/330px-RAAF_FA-18A_landing_at_2011_Avalon_Air_Show.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/RAAF_FA-18A_landing_at_2011_Avalon_Air_Show.jpg/440px-RAAF_FA-18A_landing_at_2011_Avalon_Air_Show.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="933" /></a><figcaption>An F/A-18A (A21-49) landing in 2011</figcaption></figure> The RAAF began to accept Hornets into service in 1985. A21-103 was formally delivered on 4 May of that year.<a href="#cite_note-Wilson_2005_41-42-26">[26]</a> Two weeks later, A21-101 and 102 were flown from <a href="/wiki/Naval_Air_Station_Lemoore" title="Naval Air Station Lemoore">Naval Air Station Lemoore</a> in California to <a href="/wiki/RAAF_Base_Williamtown" title="RAAF Base Williamtown">RAAF Base Williamtown</a> in New South Wales between 16 and 17 May 1985. This ferry flight was conducted as a non-stop journey, and USAF <a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_KC-10_Extender" title="McDonnell Douglas KC-10 Extender">McDonnell Douglas KC-10 Extender</a> tankers refuelled each of the Hornets 15 times as they crossed the Pacific. As of 2005 this remained the longest single flight to have been undertaken by F/A-18s.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> Despite the delays to production in 1987, the final Australian Hornet (A21-57) was delivered on schedule at a ceremony held in <a href="/wiki/Canberra" title="Canberra">Canberra</a> on 16 May 1990.<a href="#cite_note-McLaughlin_March05_55-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-Wilson_2005_42-23">[23]</a> The F/A-18As were allocated serial numbers A21-1 through to A21-57 and the F/A-18Bs were allocated A21-101 to A21-118.<a href="#cite_note-Wilson_2005_42-23">[23]</a> A major capital works program was also undertaken to prepare RAAF bases for the Hornets. Over $150 million was spent upgrading the runways, hangars and maintenance facilities at RAAF Base Williamtown, which has been the main F/A-18 base throughout the aircraft's service. The pre-existing airfield at <a href="/wiki/RAAF_Base_Tindal" title="RAAF Base Tindal">RAAF Base Tindal</a> in the Northern Territory was also developed into a major air base between 1985 and 1988 at a cost of $215 million, so that it could accommodate <a href="/wiki/No._75_Squadron_RAAF" title="No. 75 Squadron RAAF">No. 75 Squadron</a>. Until this time the squadron had been stationed at <a href="/wiki/RAAF_Base_Darwin" title="RAAF Base Darwin">RAAF Base Darwin</a> which, due to its location on Australia's north coast, was vulnerable to damage from cyclones and difficult to defend during wartime.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> Owing to concerns over the airworthiness of the RAAF's <a href="/wiki/General_Dynamics_F-111_Aardvark" title="General Dynamics F-111 Aardvark">General Dynamics F-111</a> bombers and delays to the <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_F-35_Lightning_II" title="Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II">Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II</a> program, the Australian Government ordered 24 <a href="/wiki/Boeing_F/A-18E/F_Super_Hornet" title="Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet">F/A-18F Super Hornets</a> in 2006. This design is significantly different from the original (or "classic") Hornet. The RAAF's first Super Hornets entered service in 2010 and deliveries were completed the next year.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> In 2013 the Australian Government ordered 12 <a href="/wiki/Boeing_EA-18G_Growler" title="Boeing EA-18G Growler">Boeing EA-18G Growler</a> electronic warfare variants of the Super Hornet, and all were delivered to the RAAF between 2015 and 2017.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Maintenance_and_upgrades">Maintenance and upgrades</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=McDonnell_Douglas_F/A-18_Hornet_in_Australian_service&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Maintenance and upgrades">edit</a>]</div> Maintenance of the RAAF's Hornets is carried out by both air force personnel and civilian contractors. Until the early 1990s, all routine servicing and a significant proportion of intensive <a href="/wiki/Aircraft_maintenance_checks" title="Aircraft maintenance checks">"deeper maintenance"</a> was undertaken by the air force. However, the share of intensive maintenance tasks outsourced to the private sector was increased during the 1990s under the RAAF-wide Commercial Support Program.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> Under current arrangements, the four Hornet-equipped units undertake all routine servicing and some of the more complex deeper maintenance tasks. The remainder of the deeper maintenance work, as well as all major refurbishments and upgrade projects, are carried out by commercial firms.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> <a href="/wiki/BAE_Systems" title="BAE Systems">BAE Systems</a> has been the lead contractor for Hornet deeper maintenance since 2003, and <a href="/wiki/Boeing_Australia" title="Boeing Australia">Boeing Australia</a> has also provided maintenance services for the aircraft since it won a contract to do so in 2010.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> In August 2017, Boeing's contract was extended until the planned retirement of the Hornets in 2021, with the company also gaining responsibility for integrating weapons onto the type.<a href="#cite_note-Boeing_expands_RAAF_classic-37">[37]</a> This change was made to free up RAAF personnel for activities associated with introducing the F-35 into service.<a href="#cite_note-Pittaway_2017_33-38">[38]</a> The RAAF's Hornet fleet received few modifications until the late 1990s. During this period, the <a href="/wiki/AN/AAS-38" title="AN/AAS-38">AN/AAS-38 "Nite Hawk"</a> targeting pod was the only new system fitted to the aircraft.<a href="#cite_note-Pittaway_2012_22-39">[39]</a> Australia also managed to break the codes which prevented modifications to the Hornet's radar software after the US Government refused to share them. This enabled the software to be adjusted so that all of the aircraft operated by Australia's neighbours could be designated as hostile. In his final address to Parliament, former Minister for Defence <a href="/wiki/Kim_Beazley" title="Kim Beazley">Kim Beazley</a> stated that he had raised access to the radar system repeatedly with the US Government during the 1980s, and "in the end, we spied on them and we extracted the codes ourselves".<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> Several Asian countries introduced <a href="/wiki/Mikoyan_MiG-29" title="Mikoyan MiG-29">Mikoyan MiG-29</a> fighters into service during the 1990s, raising concerns that the RAAF's aircraft would be outclassed. The air force considered replacing the Hornet with the <a href="/wiki/Eurofighter_Typhoon" title="Eurofighter Typhoon">Eurofighter Typhoon</a> or <a href="/wiki/Boeing_F/A-18E/F_Super_Hornet" title="Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet">Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet</a>, but concluded that both aircraft were technologically immature.<a href="#cite_note-Pittaway_2012_22-39">[39]</a> As a result, it was decided to upgrade the Hornets.<a href="#cite_note-Pittaway_2012_22-39">[39]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RAAF_Hornet_DRW_Butler-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Photo of a modern fighter aircraft viewed from below. The aircraft's landing gear are extended, and bombs and fuel tanks are attached to the lower surface of its wings." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/RAAF_Hornet_DRW_Butler-1.jpg/220px-RAAF_Hornet_DRW_Butler-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/RAAF_Hornet_DRW_Butler-1.jpg/330px-RAAF_Hornet_DRW_Butler-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/RAAF_Hornet_DRW_Butler-1.jpg/440px-RAAF_Hornet_DRW_Butler-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="853" /></a><figcaption>Hornet A21-3 in August 2010. The aircraft is carrying a LITENING targeting pod, ASRAAM missiles, training bombs and external fuel tanks.</figcaption></figure> The Hornet Upgrade Program (HUG) began in 1999, and had three main phases.<a href="#cite_note-Pittaway_2012_22-39">[39]</a> In Phase 1, which ran from mid-2000 through 2002, the Hornets' computer systems, navigation system and radio were replaced. The aircraft were also fitted to operate the <a href="/wiki/ASRAAM" title="ASRAAM">ASRAAM</a> air-to-air missile; these weapons replaced the <a href="/wiki/AIM-9_Sidewinder" title="AIM-9 Sidewinder">AIM-9 Sidewinder</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Pittaway_2012_23-42">[42]</a> HUG Phase 2 comprised four sub-elements and sought to improve the Hornets' combat performance.<a href="#cite_note-Pittaway_2012_22-39">[39]</a> During Phase 2.1 the <a href="/wiki/APG-65_and_APG-73" class="mw-redirect" title="APG-65 and APG-73">APG-65</a> radar was replaced with the improved <a href="/wiki/APG-65_and_APG-73" class="mw-redirect" title="APG-65 and APG-73">AN/APG-73</a>, and the aircraft were fitted with a secure voice encryption communications system and various updates to their computer systems.<a href="#cite_note-Pittaway_2012_23-42">[42]</a> In HUG Phase 2.2, the most important element of the program, the Hornets were fitted with a <a href="/wiki/Helmet_mounted_display#Joint_Helmet_Mounted_Cueing_System_(JHMCS)" class="mw-redirect" title="Helmet mounted display">Joint Helmet Mounted Cueing System</a>, equipment needed to share data through the <a href="/wiki/Link_16" title="Link 16">Link 16</a> network, a new countermeasures dispensing system and several upgrades to their cockpit displays. All of the Hornets were upgraded to this standard between January 2005 and December 2006.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> In Phase 2.3, an improved <a href="/wiki/Electronic_Counter_Measures" class="mw-redirect" title="Electronic Counter Measures">Electronic Counter Measures</a> system was fitted to the Hornets; the AN/ALR-2002 was originally selected, but proved unsuccessful. It was replaced by the <a href="/wiki/ALR-67_Radar_Warning_Receiver" class="mw-redirect" title="ALR-67 Radar Warning Receiver">ALR-67 Radar Warning Receiver</a> in late 2006. As of early 2012, 14 Hornets had been fitted with the system and the remainder were scheduled to receive it by the end of the year.<a href="#cite_note-Pittaway_2012_24-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> During HUG Phase 2.4 the Hornets were modified to be able to use the <a href="/wiki/LITENING_targeting_pod" class="mw-redirect" title="LITENING targeting pod">AN/AAQ-28(v) "LITENING"</a> targeting pod and 37 of these systems were purchased; this phase was completed in 2007.<a href="#cite_note-Pittaway_2012_24-44">[44]</a> The third stage of the Hornet Upgrade Program sought to rectify airframe damage.<a href="#cite_note-Pittaway_2012_22-39">[39]</a> HUG Phase 3.1 involved minor structural work to all aircraft as they passed through other phases of the program. The centre fuselages of the ten Hornets assessed as suffering the greatest amount of structural damage were replaced in HUG Phase 3.2. It was originally intended that all the RAAF's Hornets would receive new centre fuselages, but the scope of this phase of the program was reduced after it was found that the number of man-hours needed to upgrade each aircraft was much greater than originally estimated. The ten aircraft were upgraded at an <a href="/wiki/L-3_Communications" class="mw-redirect" title="L-3 Communications">L-3 Communications</a> facility in Canada, and all were returned to service by June 2010.<a href="#cite_note-Pittaway_2012_24-44">[44]</a> The long-running HUG process complicated the RAAF's management of its fleet of F/A-18s. At any one time, the capabilities of individual aircraft differed considerably depending on their upgrades. Accordingly, the long-standing arrangement where aircraft were almost permanently assigned to each squadron was replaced by a system where they were pooled. Attempts to allocate Hornets with similar levels of modifications from the common pool to each squadron were not successful.<a href="#cite_note-Fawley_48-46">[46]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Armament">Armament</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=McDonnell_Douglas_F/A-18_Hornet_in_Australian_service&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Armament">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Australian_F-18A_Hornet_launches_Sparrow_missile_c1990.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Colour photo of a flying fighter aircraft firing a missile" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Australian_F-18A_Hornet_launches_Sparrow_missile_c1990.jpg/220px-Australian_F-18A_Hornet_launches_Sparrow_missile_c1990.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Australian_F-18A_Hornet_launches_Sparrow_missile_c1990.jpg/330px-Australian_F-18A_Hornet_launches_Sparrow_missile_c1990.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Australian_F-18A_Hornet_launches_Sparrow_missile_c1990.jpg/440px-Australian_F-18A_Hornet_launches_Sparrow_missile_c1990.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1992" data-file-height="1544" /></a><figcaption>An RAAF F/A-18 Hornet firing an AIM-7M Sparrow missile in 1990. The aircraft is also carrying two Harpoon missiles, two Sidewinder missiles and another Sparrow.</figcaption></figure> The RAAF's Hornets have been fitted with several different types of air-to-air weapons. The aircraft are equipped with an internal <a href="/wiki/M61_Vulcan" title="M61 Vulcan">M61A1</a> cannon for use against air and ground targets; 578 rounds can be carried for this weapon.<a href="#cite_note-McLaughlin_2005_115-47">[47]</a> During the initial years of the Hornets' service, the aircraft were equipped with <a href="/wiki/AIM-9_Sidewinder" title="AIM-9 Sidewinder">AIM-9M Sidewinder</a> short-range air-to-air missiles and <a href="/wiki/AIM-7_Sparrow" title="AIM-7 Sparrow">AIM-7M Sparrow</a> medium-range air-to-air missiles. The Sparrows were replaced by the <a href="/wiki/AIM-120_AMRAAM" title="AIM-120 AMRAAM">AIM-120 AMRAAM</a> in 2002, and in 2004 the Sidewinders were replaced by <a href="/wiki/ASRAAM" title="ASRAAM">ASRAAMs</a>.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> The older missiles are occasionally used in training exercises, however.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> A variety of unguided and guided weapons can also be used against ground targets. The Hornets carry <a href="/wiki/Mark_82_bomb" title="Mark 82 bomb">Mark 82</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mark_83_bomb" title="Mark 83 bomb">Mark 83</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mark_84_bomb" title="Mark 84 bomb">Mark 84</a> bombs, as well as <a href="/wiki/GBU-10_Paveway_II" title="GBU-10 Paveway II">GBU-10</a>, <a href="/wiki/GBU-12_Paveway_II" title="GBU-12 Paveway II">GBU-12</a> and <a href="/wiki/GBU-16_Paveway_II" title="GBU-16 Paveway II">GBU-16 Paveway II</a> laser-guided bombs.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> In addition, the aircraft have operated bombs fitted with <a href="/wiki/Joint_Direct_Attack_Munition" title="Joint Direct Attack Munition">JDAM</a> guidance kits since 2008.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> The long-ranged JDAM-ER variant of these bombs were ordered in 2011 and entered service in 2015.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> During exercises the Hornets carry <a href="/w/index.php?title=BDU-33&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BDU-33 (page does not exist)">BDU-33</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=BDU-57_LGTR&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BDU-57 LGTR (page does not exist)">BDU-57 LGTR</a> training bombs.<a href="#cite_note-McLaughlin_2005_116-54">[54]</a> Since November 2011, the RAAF's Hornets have also been equipped with <a href="/wiki/AGM-158_JASSM" title="AGM-158 JASSM">AGM-158 JASSM</a> cruise missiles.<a href="#cite_note-Pittaway_2012_22-39">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> The F/A-18s' main weapon in the maritime strike role is the <a href="/wiki/Harpoon_(missile)" title="Harpoon (missile)">Harpoon</a> anti-ship missile; the RAAF initially operated the Block IC variant of this missile, but purchased Block II variants in 2003.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> In addition to these weapons, the Hornets can also be fitted with 330-US-gallon (1,200 L) <a href="/wiki/Drop_tank" title="Drop tank">drop tanks</a> to extend their range.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Operational_history">Operational history</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=McDonnell_Douglas_F/A-18_Hornet_in_Australian_service&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Operational history">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Introduction_into_service">Introduction into service</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=McDonnell_Douglas_F/A-18_Hornet_in_Australian_service&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Introduction into service">edit</a>]</div> Four RAAF units converted to the Hornet between 1985 and 1988. The first 14 Hornets were allocated to <a href="/wiki/No._2_Operational_Conversion_Unit_RAAF" title="No. 2 Operational Conversion Unit RAAF">No. 2 Operational Conversion Unit</a> (2OCU) at RAAF Base Williamtown, and were used to train the pilots and instructors needed to convert the RAAF's three fighter squadrons to the aircraft. 2OCU's first Hornet operational conversion course began on 19 August 1985.<a href="#cite_note-McLaughlin_March05_55-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-RAAF_Museum_Hornet-58">[58]</a> In addition to the unit's training activities, 2OCU aircraft travelled widely around Australia and South East Asia during 1985 and 1986 to showcase the new aircraft.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> <a href="/wiki/No._3_Squadron_RAAF" title="No. 3 Squadron RAAF">No. 3 Squadron</a> was the first fighter unit to convert from the Mirage III, and became operational with the Hornet in August 1986. It was followed by <a href="/wiki/No._77_Squadron_RAAF" title="No. 77 Squadron RAAF">No. 77 Squadron</a> in June 1987 and No. 75 Squadron in May 1988.<a href="#cite_note-Wilson_2005_41-24">[24]</a> <a href="/wiki/No._81_Wing_RAAF" title="No. 81 Wing RAAF">No. 81 Wing</a>, whose headquarters is located at Williamtown, has commanded these four units since they converted to the F/A-18.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-RAAF_81_Wing-61">[61]</a> As of 2012, 2OCU, No. 3 and No. 77 Squadrons are stationed at Williamtown and No. 75 Squadron is located at Tindal.<a href="#cite_note-RAAF_81_Wing-61">[61]</a> In addition, two Hornets are allocated to the <a href="/wiki/Aircraft_Research_and_Development_Unit_RAAF" title="Aircraft Research and Development Unit RAAF">Aircraft Research and Development Unit</a> at <a href="/wiki/RAAF_Base_Edinburgh" title="RAAF Base Edinburgh">RAAF Base Edinburgh</a> in South Australia.<a href="#cite_note-McLaughlin_March05_56-62">[62]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RAAF_Hornet_CBR_Gilbert-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Photo of a modern fighter aircraft parked on tarmac. The top of the aircraft is painted blue, while the remainder is grey." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/RAAF_Hornet_CBR_Gilbert-1.jpg/220px-RAAF_Hornet_CBR_Gilbert-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/RAAF_Hornet_CBR_Gilbert-1.jpg/330px-RAAF_Hornet_CBR_Gilbert-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/RAAF_Hornet_CBR_Gilbert-1.jpg/440px-RAAF_Hornet_CBR_Gilbert-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="682" /></a><figcaption>An F/A-18A in special colours to mark the 20th anniversary of the type's introduction into RAAF service</figcaption></figure> The RAAF's Mirage III pilots generally found the process of converting to the Hornet to be straightforward. While the F/A-18 was considered to be easier to fly, its more sophisticated avionics and weapons systems required improved cockpit workload management skills. The Hornets have also proven to be mechanically reliable and easy to maintain, though shortages of spare parts reduced availability rates during the early years of their service with the RAAF.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> The updates installed as part of the HUG process have further simplified maintenance procedures. In recent years, however, the aging aircraft have required much more servicing than was the case in the past.<a href="#cite_note-Fawley_48-46">[46]</a> To extend the Hornets' range, four of the RAAF's six <a href="/wiki/Boeing_707" title="Boeing 707">Boeing 707</a> transport aircraft were converted to <a href="/wiki/Aerial_refueling" title="Aerial refueling">tankers</a> in the early 1990s; the first Boeing 707 tanker entered service in 1990.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> The tankers were operated by <a href="/wiki/No._33_Squadron_RAAF" title="No. 33 Squadron RAAF">No. 33 Squadron</a> and supported the Hornet units until the 707s were retired in 2008.<a href="#cite_note-Last_RAAF_707-65">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-RAAF_Museum_707-66">[66]</a> These aircraft were replaced with <a href="/wiki/Airbus_A330_MRTT" title="Airbus A330 MRTT">KC-30A</a> tanker-transports in 2011.<a href="#cite_note-Last_RAAF_707-65">[65]</a> The RAAF has at times suffered from shortfalls of Hornet-qualified pilots. The service began to experience shortages of F/A-18 and F-111 fast-jet pilots in the mid-1980s due to competition from commercial airlines and relatively low recruitment rates.<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> By June 1999 the three operational Hornet-equipped squadrons had only 40 pilots, which was fewer than the number of aircraft allocated to these units. The RAAF claimed that the squadrons were able to meet their readiness targets, however.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> To overcome this shortfall, the RAAF gave its fast-jet units a higher priority for aircrew, implemented measures to reduce separation rates, and recruited pilots from other countries. These reforms coincided with reduced demand for civil pilots following the <a href="/wiki/11_September_attacks" class="mw-redirect" title="11 September attacks">11 September attacks</a>, and by late 2003 the RAAF's fast-jet units were at near full strength.<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> A 2010 article in the magazine <a href="/wiki/Australian_Aviation" title="Australian Aviation">Australian Aviation</a> stated that No. 3 Squadron typically had "about 18 pilots on strength" at any point in time.<a href="#cite_note-Fawley_45-70">[70]</a> At this time the total strength of the squadron, including air and ground crew, was around 300 personnel.<a href="#cite_note-Fawley_49-71">[71]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Training">Training</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=McDonnell_Douglas_F/A-18_Hornet_in_Australian_service&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Training">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RAAF_F-18_Alaska_2008.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Photo of a modern jet fighter aircraft in flight viewed from ahead. A hose is connected to the nose of the aircraft." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/RAAF_F-18_Alaska_2008.JPG/220px-RAAF_F-18_Alaska_2008.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/RAAF_F-18_Alaska_2008.JPG/330px-RAAF_F-18_Alaska_2008.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/RAAF_F-18_Alaska_2008.JPG/440px-RAAF_F-18_Alaska_2008.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>A RAAF Hornet refuelling over Alaska in 2008</figcaption></figure> As the Hornets are multi-role fighters, their pilots practise a wide range of tasks during peacetime training.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> Each year the three Hornet squadrons rotate between four-month training blocks focused on air-to-air combat, air-to-ground tactics and <a href="/wiki/Australian_Defence_Force" title="Australian Defence Force">Australian Defence Force</a> support tasks. The units undertake the air-to-air and air-to-ground blocks before assuming responsibility for Australian Defence Force support (which involves operating with the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Army" title="Australian Army">Australian Army</a> and <a href="/wiki/Royal_Australian_Navy" title="Royal Australian Navy">Royal Australian Navy</a>). No. 81 Wing's headquarters oversees this training program and monitors adherence to common standards and procedures.<a href="#cite_note-Fawley_44-73">[73]</a> Training sorties may include such tasks as defending air bases, infrastructure and shipping from enemy aircraft, attacking naval and ground targets, and practising in-flight refuelling. More unusual tasks such as dropping <a href="/wiki/Naval_mine" title="Naval mine">naval mines</a> have also been practised at times. Major exercises often involve other RAAF units and aircraft, as well as units from the Army and Navy and contingents from other countries.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a><a href="#cite_note-Fawley_46-75">[75]</a> As part of their regular training activities, F/A-18 Hornets operate in different parts of Australia and the Asia-Pacific region. Regular deployments are made to Singapore and <a href="/wiki/RMAF_Butterworth" class="mw-redirect" title="RMAF Butterworth">RMAF Butterworth</a> in Malaysia as part of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Integrated_Air_Defence_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Integrated Air Defence System (page does not exist)">Integrated Air Defence System</a> exercises. In addition, RAAF F/A-18s have participated in exercises in the Philippines, Thailand and the United States.<a href="#cite_note-RAAF_Museum_Hornet-58">[58]</a> These deployments have seen Australian fighter squadrons range as far afield as <a href="/wiki/Eielson_Air_Force_Base" title="Eielson Air Force Base">Eielson Air Force Base</a> in Alaska, where they took part in <a href="/wiki/Red_Flag_%E2%80%93_Alaska" title="Red Flag – Alaska">Red Flag – Alaska</a> exercises in 2008 and 2011.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> Four of the RAAF's Hornets were destroyed in flying accidents during the late 1980s and early 1990s. A21-104 was the first aircraft to be lost when it crashed at <a href="/wiki/Great_Palm_Island" title="Great Palm Island">Great Palm Island</a> in Queensland on 18 November 1987; its pilot was killed. The next loss occurred on 2 August 1990 when two No. 75 Squadron Hornets (A21-29 and A21-42) collided. A21-42 crashed, killing the unit's commanding officer; the other aircraft was damaged but managed to return to base.<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> On 5 June 1991 A21-41 crashed 100 kilometres (62 mi) north-east of <a href="/wiki/Weipa,_Queensland" class="mw-redirect" title="Weipa, Queensland">Weipa, Queensland</a>, killing its pilot. A21-106 was the fourth aircraft to be lost when it crashed inland from <a href="/wiki/Shoalwater_Bay" title="Shoalwater Bay">Shoalwater Bay</a> in Queensland on 19 May 1992 – its pilot and a passenger from the <a href="/wiki/Defence_Science_and_Technology_Organisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Defence Science and Technology Organisation">Defence Science and Technology Organisation</a> died.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> As of September 2017, all of the remaining 71 F/A-18s were still in service.<a href="#cite_note-Pittaway_2017_33-38">[38]</a> Aviation writer Nigel Pittaway has noted that the type has "enjoyed an exemplary safety record during its RAAF service", especially when compared to the loss of 41 of the RAAF's 116 Mirages due to accidents.<a href="#cite_note-Pittaway_2017_31-82">[82]</a> Similarly, Andrew McLaughlin noted in 2019 that the loss of four Hornets to this time was "a remarkable endorsement of the aircraft's rugged design and systems redundancy" given that the RAAF had projected that eleven would have been destroyed by 2004 when the aircraft were first acquired.<a href="#cite_note-McLaughlin_400,000_hours-83">[83]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Deployments">Deployments</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=McDonnell_Douglas_F/A-18_Hornet_in_Australian_service&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Deployments">edit</a>]</div> In late 1990, consideration was given to deploying a squadron of F/A-18s to the Middle East as part of an expanded <a href="/wiki/Australian_contribution_to_the_1991_Gulf_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian contribution to the 1991 Gulf War">Australian contribution to the Gulf War</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Defence_(Australia)" title="Department of Defence (Australia)">Department of Defence</a> opposed dispatching the aircraft on the grounds that doing so would greatly strain the fighter force in Australia, and this option was not adopted by the government.<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> As a result, the Hornets' only role in the war was to support the training of the Royal Australian Navy warships which were sent to the Gulf by conducting mock attacks on the vessels as they sailed from Sydney to Perth.<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> During late 1999, No. 75 Squadron was placed on alert to provide close air support and air defence for the international forces deployed to <a href="/wiki/East_Timor" class="mw-redirect" title="East Timor">East Timor</a> as part of <a href="/wiki/INTERFET" class="mw-redirect" title="INTERFET">INTERFET</a>. While Indonesian forces posed a potential threat to this force, no fighting eventuated and the Hornets were not required.<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:US_Navy_030414-F-6591P-003_Aircraft_of_the_379th_Air_Expeditionary_Wing_and_coalition_counterparts_stationed_together_in_a_deployed_location_in_southwest_Asia_fly_over_the_desert.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Photo of seven modern aircraft of differing designs flying in formation above a group of sandy islands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/US_Navy_030414-F-6591P-003_Aircraft_of_the_379th_Air_Expeditionary_Wing_and_coalition_counterparts_stationed_together_in_a_deployed_location_in_southwest_Asia_fly_over_the_desert.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/US_Navy_030414-F-6591P-003_Aircraft_of_the_379th_Air_Expeditionary_Wing_and_coalition_counterparts_stationed_together_in_a_deployed_location_in_southwest_Asia_fly_over_the_desert.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/US_Navy_030414-F-6591P-003_Aircraft_of_the_379th_Air_Expeditionary_Wing_and_coalition_counterparts_stationed_together_in_a_deployed_location_in_southwest_Asia_fly_over_the_desert.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption>An Australian Hornet (at top) flying in formation with US and British aircraft on 14 April 2003 following the invasion of Iraq</figcaption></figure> The first operational deployment of RAAF Hornets took place in 2001. Following the <a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">11 September terrorist attacks</a>, the Australian Government agreed to deploy F/A-18s to protect the major USAF air base on the Indian Ocean island of <a href="/wiki/Diego_Garcia" title="Diego Garcia">Diego Garcia</a>, which was being used to mount operations in Afghanistan. Four No. 77 Squadron Hornets and 70 personnel departed for the island on 9 November. No. 3 Squadron pilots and ground crew relieved the No. 77 Squadron personnel in early February 2002.<a href="#cite_note-McLaughlin_2005_96-87">[87]</a> RAAF Hornets were not assigned to the <a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–present)">War in Afghanistan</a> as at the time they were less capable than other available coalition aircraft.<a href="#cite_note-Pittaway_2017_32-88">[88]</a> While the F/A-18s were occasionally scrambled in response to reports of aircraft near the base, no threat developed. The detachment returned to Australia on 21 May 2002.<a href="#cite_note-McLaughlin_2005_96-87">[87]</a> No. 75 Squadron formed part of the <a href="/wiki/Australian_contribution_to_the_2003_invasion_of_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian contribution to the 2003 invasion of Iraq">Australian contribution to the 2003 invasion of Iraq</a>. The squadron began initial planning for this deployment in December 2002, and intensive training was undertaken from January 2003. To improve the unit's readiness, air and ground crew as well as aircraft were also posted to No. 75 Squadron from other units.<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> The Australian Government announced on 1 February that it would begin deploying RAAF aircraft, including a squadron of F/A-18s, to the Middle East. No. 75 Squadron departed from Tindal on 13 February, and arrived at <a href="/wiki/Al_Udeid_Air_Base" title="Al Udeid Air Base">Al Udeid Air Base</a> in Qatar on the 16th of the month. The 14 F/A-18A Hornets selected for this deployment had received the HUG 2.1 package of upgrades and recently completed major servicing.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> These upgrades allowed the F/A-18s to operate alongside other coalition aircraft.<a href="#cite_note-Pittaway_2017_33-38">[38]</a> In addition to No. 75 Squadron, several experienced Hornet pilots were also posted to the USAF <a href="/wiki/Air_and_Space_Operations_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Air and Space Operations Center">Combined Air and Space Operations Center</a> in the Middle East to provide advice on how to make the best use of the squadron.<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> The Australian Hornets saw combat in several roles during the <a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a>. Following the outbreak of war on 20 March, No. 75 Squadron was initially used to escort high-value Coalition aircraft, such as tankers and <a href="/wiki/Airborne_early_warning_and_control" title="Airborne early warning and control">airborne early warning and control</a> aircraft.<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> As it rapidly became clear that the <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Air_Force" title="Iraqi Air Force">Iraqi Air Force</a> posed no threat, from 21 March No. 75 Squadron also began to conduct <a href="/wiki/Air_interdiction" title="Air interdiction">air interdiction</a> sorties against Iraqi forces. These sorties were initially flown in support of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a>'s <a href="/wiki/V_Corps_(United_States)" title="V Corps (United States)">V Corps</a>, but the squadron was rarely assigned any targets to attack. As a result, the Australian commanders in the Middle East had No. 75 Squadron reassigned to support the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps" title="United States Marine Corps">United States Marine Corps</a>' <a href="/wiki/I_Marine_Expeditionary_Force" title="I Marine Expeditionary Force">I Marine Expeditionary Force</a>. At this time the squadron also began flying <a href="/wiki/Close_air_support" title="Close air support">close air support</a> sorties. During the first two weeks of the war the squadron typically flew twelve sorties per day. To avoid pilot fatigue, additional aircrew were posted to the Middle East from Australia. The number of sorties dropped to between six and ten per day from 5 April onwards as the American forces closed on <a href="/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad">Baghdad</a> and few targets remained in southern Iraq.<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> On 12 April, No. 75 Squadron supported elements of the <a href="/wiki/Special_Air_Service_Regiment_(Australia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Special Air Service Regiment (Australia)">Special Air Service Regiment</a> and <a href="/wiki/4th_Battalion,_Royal_Australian_Regiment" title="4th Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment">4th Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment</a>, which occupied <a href="/wiki/Al_Asad_Airbase" class="mw-redirect" title="Al Asad Airbase">Al Asad Airbase</a>. During the last weeks of the war the squadron continued to fly sorties across western, central and southern Iraq to support British and American forces. In several of the squadron's operations in the final week of the war, the Hornets made low altitude and high speed passes over Iraqi positions to encourage their defenders to surrender. No. 75 Squadron conducted its final combat sorties on 27 April.<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> During the war the squadron flew 350 combat missions (including 670 individual sorties) and dropped 122 laser-guided bombs. No. 75 Squadron did not suffer any casualties, and all 14 Hornets returned to Tindal on 14 May 2003.<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A21-36_taking_off_for_a_mission_over_Iraq_during_Operation_Okra.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Colour photo of a grey military jet aircraft in flight. The aircraft is armed with missiles and bombs carried below its wings, as well as fuel tanks and a targeting pod." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/A21-36_taking_off_for_a_mission_over_Iraq_during_Operation_Okra.jpg/220px-A21-36_taking_off_for_a_mission_over_Iraq_during_Operation_Okra.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/A21-36_taking_off_for_a_mission_over_Iraq_during_Operation_Okra.jpg/330px-A21-36_taking_off_for_a_mission_over_Iraq_during_Operation_Okra.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/A21-36_taking_off_for_a_mission_over_Iraq_during_Operation_Okra.jpg/440px-A21-36_taking_off_for_a_mission_over_Iraq_during_Operation_Okra.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3280" /></a><figcaption>An Australian F/A-18 Hornet taking off for a mission over Iraq in March 2017</figcaption></figure> RAAF Hornets have also provided air defence for several high-profile events in Australia since the 11 September attacks. In 2002, Hornets patrolled over the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Heads_of_Government_Meeting_2002" class="mw-redirect" title="Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting 2002">Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting</a> (CHOGM) at <a href="/wiki/Coolum_Beach,_Queensland" title="Coolum Beach, Queensland">Coolum Beach, Queensland</a>; this was the first time RAAF aircraft had flown air defence sorties over Australia since <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Suicide_attack_feared-96">[96]</a> On 22 and 23 October that year a detachment of Hornets patrolled over Canberra during US President <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a>'s visit to the city.<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> A detachment of aircraft from No. 77 Squadron was deployed to <a href="/wiki/RAAF_Base_East_Sale" title="RAAF Base East Sale">RAAF Base East Sale</a> in March 2006 to protect the <a href="/wiki/2006_Commonwealth_Games" title="2006 Commonwealth Games">Commonwealth Games</a>, which were being held in Melbourne.<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> In September 2007, Hornets patrolled over Sydney during the <a href="/wiki/APEC_Australia_2007" title="APEC Australia 2007">APEC leaders meeting</a> there.<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> Eight Hornets were also deployed from Williamtown to <a href="/wiki/RAAF_Base_Pearce" title="RAAF Base Pearce">RAAF Base Pearce</a> in October 2011 to protect the CHOGM meeting in nearby <a href="/wiki/Perth,_Western_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Perth, Western Australia">Perth</a>.<a href="#cite_note-firepower_over_Perth-100">[100]</a> On 16 and 17 November that year, Hornets operated over Canberra and Darwin while President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> was present.<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a><a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> In March 2015, six F/A-18As from No. 75 Squadron were deployed to the Middle East as part of <a href="/wiki/Operation_Okra" title="Operation Okra">Operation Okra</a>, replacing a detachment of Super Hornets.<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> No. 81 Wing's involvement in Operation Okra concluded in May 2017, with No. 1 Squadron resuming responsibility for this task. By this time all of the wing's three squadrons had completed at least one rotation to the Middle East: No. 3 Squadron was deployed once, and the other two squadrons conducted two deployments. The squadrons used a common 'pool' of aircraft during these deployments, with either six or seven Hornets being stationed in the Middle East at any time.<a href="#cite_note-Incredible_Feat_Air_Force_news-104">[104]</a> The aircraft were typically deployed for eight months before rotating back to Australia when becoming due for major servicing.<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> Members of the three Hornet-equipped squadrons served five or six-month rotations, and ground crew from 2OCU and No. 81 Wing's workshops were also deployed to fill specialist roles.<a href="#cite_note-Incredible_Feat_Air_Force_news-104">[104]</a><a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> The Hornets attacked <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_of_Iraq_and_the_Levant" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant">ISIL</a> personnel and facilities in both Iraq and Syria, including in support of Iraqi forces engaged in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mosul_(2016%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Mosul (2016–present)">Battle of Mosul</a>. Overall, No. 81 Wing conducted 1,973 sorties over Iraq and Syria during which 1,961 munitions were released.<a href="#cite_note-Incredible_Feat_Air_Force_news-104">[104]</a><a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> Despite the age of the aircraft and the harsh environmental conditions in the Middle East, the detachment sustained a very high serviceability rate.<a href="#cite_note-Pittaway_2017_33-38">[38]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Retirement">Retirement</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=McDonnell_Douglas_F/A-18_Hornet_in_Australian_service&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Retirement">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_Australian_Air_Force_F-35_at_Luke_AFB_14_May_2015.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Colour photo of a grey military aircraft on the ground. A man wearing blue is standing nearby and saluting the aircraft." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Royal_Australian_Air_Force_F-35_at_Luke_AFB_14_May_2015.JPG/220px-Royal_Australian_Air_Force_F-35_at_Luke_AFB_14_May_2015.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Royal_Australian_Air_Force_F-35_at_Luke_AFB_14_May_2015.JPG/330px-Royal_Australian_Air_Force_F-35_at_Luke_AFB_14_May_2015.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Royal_Australian_Air_Force_F-35_at_Luke_AFB_14_May_2015.JPG/440px-Royal_Australian_Air_Force_F-35_at_Luke_AFB_14_May_2015.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4256" data-file-height="2832" /></a><figcaption>One of the RAAF's first Lockheed Martin F-35A Lightning IIs in 2015</figcaption></figure> While the Hornet Upgrade Program was successful, it was expected that the aircraft would become increasingly expensive to operate as they aged, and improvements to the fighter aircraft and air defences operated by other countries would reduce their combat effectiveness.<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> The Australian Government decided to replace the RAAF's F/A-18 Hornets with <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_F-35_Lightning_II" title="Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II">Lockheed Martin F-35A Lightning II</a> fighters, with this process commencing in 2018.<a href="#cite_note-Nordeen_80-109">[109]</a> The acquisition process is designated Project AIR 6000 Phase 2A/B, and will involve the purchase of 72 F-35A fighters to equip three squadrons and an operational training unit.<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> All of the F/A-18A and Bs were scheduled to be retired by 2022.<a href="#cite_note-Pittaway_First_RAAF_squadron_of_F-35s-111">[111]</a> The RAAF's Hornet sustainability planning was designed to allow the type to be retained in service for longer if the F-35 program experienced further delays.<a href="#cite_note-Pittaway_2017_33-38">[38]</a> No. 3 Squadron was the first Hornet unit to be reequipped, and ceased operating the type in December 2017. It began to transition to the F-35 in early 2018.<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> The squadron's Hornets and most of its personnel were transferred to No. 77 Squadron, which was expanded from two to three flights as part of this change.<a href="#cite_note-McLaughlin_2018_30-113">[113]</a> 2OCU completed its final Hornet conversion training course in 2019, and ceased flying the type in December that year.<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> No. 77 Squadron ceased Hornet operations in December 2020.<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a> As of May 2020, No. 75 Squadron was to begin converting to the F-35 in January 2022.<a href="#cite_note-Pittaway_First_RAAF_squadron_of_F-35s-111">[111]</a> The RAAF implemented several measures to keep the Hornets in service until the F-35As were ready. These included a structural refurbishment program, increased monitoring of <a href="/wiki/Fatigue_(material)" title="Fatigue (material)">fatigue</a>-related issues as well as repainting the aircraft and frequently washing them to reduce the risks posed by corrosion.<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> In 2015 the <a href="/wiki/Defence_Science_and_Technology_Group" title="Defence Science and Technology Group">Defence Science and Technology Group</a> revised the fatigue damage algorithm used for determining the Hornets' structural condition which found that the airframes were less fatigued than previously believed, and so able to remain in service for a longer period than planned if necessary. This finding was accepted by the Directorate General Technical Airworthiness – Australian Defence Force.<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> As of September 2017, none of the RAAF Hornets were subject to flying restrictions due to airframe fatigue. However, the cost of maintaining the aging aircraft in service was increasing.<a href="#cite_note-Pittaway_2017_33-38">[38]</a> A 2017 article by Canadian defence analyst Christopher Cowan and <a href="/wiki/Australian_Strategic_Policy_Institute" title="Australian Strategic Policy Institute">Australian Strategic Policy Institute</a> analyst Dr. Andrew Davies stated that the RAAF "has done an excellent job managing its Hornet fleet", with each aircraft having a unique plan to minimise airframe fatigue. At this time each of the Hornets had, on average, been flown for 4,200 hours, as compared to the nominal fatigue life of 6,000 hours for the type.<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a> In August 2019, the Hornet fleet passed the milestone of having flown 400,000 hours. At this time, several Hornets had been retired from service after becoming due for major servicing periods.<a href="#cite_note-McLaughlin_400,000_hours-83">[83]</a> The Hornet was officially retired from RAAF service on 29 November 2021. A ceremony to mark the occasion took place that day at RAAF Base Williamtown.<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> The fleet had been flown for almost 408,000 hours.<a href="#cite_note-Waldron_RAAF_bids_farewell-120">[120]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Disposal">Disposal</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=McDonnell_Douglas_F/A-18_Hornet_in_Australian_service&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Disposal">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Royal_Canadian_Air_Force">Royal Canadian Air Force</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=McDonnell_Douglas_F/A-18_Hornet_in_Australian_service&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Royal Canadian Air Force">edit</a>]</div> The Australian Government is planning to sell the Hornets and associated spare parts after the type is retired from RAAF service. In August 2017, the Canadian Government initiated discussions to purchase a number of Australian F/A-18s to augment the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Air_Force" title="Royal Canadian Air Force">Royal Canadian Air Force</a>'s fleet of similar <a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_CF-18_Hornet" title="McDonnell Douglas CF-18 Hornet">McDonnell Douglas CF-18 Hornets</a> in the event that a planned purchase of Super Hornets was cancelled as the result of <a href="/wiki/CSeries_dumping_petition_by_Boeing" title="CSeries dumping petition by Boeing">a trade dispute</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Canada_formally_declares_interest-121">[121]</a> A Canadian delegation also visited Australia that month to inspect RAAF Hornets.<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a><a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> The Canadian Government lodged a formal expression of interest to purchase Australian F/A-18s on 29 September 2017.<a href="#cite_note-Canada_formally_declares_interest-121">[121]</a> On 13 December 2017, Australian Minister for Defence <a href="/wiki/Marise_Payne" title="Marise Payne">Marise Payne</a> confirmed the sale of 18 F/A-18 Hornets and associated spare parts to Canada.<a href="#cite_note-Payne_confirms_RAAF_classic_Hornet_sale-124">[124]</a><a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> The Canadian Government announced at the same time that it had cancelled its plans to acquire Super Hornets. The Australian aircraft are being acquired to enable the RCAF to continue to meet its international commitments until a new fighter type is ordered and enters service.<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a> In June 2018, the Canadian Government requested a further seven Australian Hornets. These additional aircraft will be used as a source of spare parts.<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a><a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> The sale of the 25 Hornets was finalised in early 2019, with the purchase price being <a href="/wiki/Canadian_dollar" title="Canadian dollar">CA$</a>90 million.<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a> Of these aircraft, 18 will be issued to operational units and the remainder used for trials purposes and as a source of spare parts. After they arrive in Canada, the aircraft will be fitted with different ejection seats and software so that they are identical to CF-18s.<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a> Deliveries of ex-RAAF Hornets to Canada began in February 2019. Two of the aircraft were flown to <a href="/wiki/CFB_Cold_Lake" title="CFB Cold Lake">CFB Cold Lake</a> in mid-February and handed over after they had formed part of the RAAF contingent at a Red Flag exercise in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-Canada_receives_first_two-131">[131]</a> At this time, deliveries of the other 23 Hornets were scheduled to be completed in 2021.<a href="#cite_note-Canada_receives_first_two-131">[131]</a> This schedule was dependent on progress with introducing the F-35 into Australian service.<a href="#cite_note-Payne_confirms_RAAF_classic_Hornet_sale-124">[124]</a> At least one other Hornet was handed over to Canada during 2019.<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a> In August 2020 it was reported that 18 ex-Australian aircraft would be among 36 RCAF Hornets to be placed through a modernisation program. The upgrades will include the installation of a <a href="/wiki/AN/APG-79" title="AN/APG-79">AN/APG-79</a> <a href="/wiki/Active_electronically_scanned_array" title="Active electronically scanned array">active electronically scanned array</a> radar and equipping the aircraft with AIM-9X Sidewinder air-to-air missiles and <a href="/wiki/AGM-154_Joint_Standoff_Weapon" title="AGM-154 Joint Standoff Weapon">AGM-154 Joint Standoff Weapons</a>.<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Remaining_aircraft">Remaining aircraft</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=McDonnell_Douglas_F/A-18_Hornet_in_Australian_service&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Remaining aircraft">edit</a>]</div> In March 2020 the Minister for Defence Industry <a href="/wiki/Melissa_Price_(politician)" title="Melissa Price (politician)">Melissa Price</a> announced that up to 46 ex-RAAF Hornets, as well as the entire associated spare parts and test equipment inventory, would be sold to the American company <a href="/wiki/Air_USA" class="mw-redirect" title="Air USA">Air USA</a>. This company provides air combat training to the US Government. Journalist Nigel Pittaway noted that if all of these aircraft are sold it would mean that none of the Hornets are preserved in Australian museums after the type leaves RAAF service.<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a><a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a> In May, the Department of Defence stated that the numbers which would be sold to Canada and Air USA had not yet been finalised.<a href="#cite_note-DefMagMay20-136">[136]</a> As of November 2021 it was not clear if the deal to sell Hornets to Air USA would proceed.<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a> The aircraft had still not been transferred in February 2023, but it was reported that the contract remained in place and Department of Defence still intended to deliver them. By this time Air USA had been rebranded as RAVN Aerospace.<a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a> In March 2023 <a href="/wiki/Australian_Financial_Review" title="Australian Financial Review">Australian Financial Review</a> correspondent Aaron Patrick wrote that the sale "appears to have fallen through" and called for the Hornets to be transferred to Ukraine as part of Australia's assistance to the country following the <a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion</a> during 2022.<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a> It was reported in April 2023 that the Department of Defence had repeatedly refused to comment on the status of the sale to RAVN Aerospace.<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a> In May 2023 Australian Strategic Policy Institute analyst Malcom Davis stated that the Australian Hornets were stored at <a href="/wiki/Andersen_Air_Force_Base" title="Andersen Air Force Base">Andersen Air Force Base</a> on the American island of <a href="/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">Guam</a>, and appeared to be in poor condition. Davis considers the aircraft to be too outdated to be suitable for Ukraine, and noted that the country has not requested them from Australia.<a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a> In June the Australian Financial Review reported that the Australian Government was discussing donating the Hornets to Ukraine with the Ukrainian and United States governments. The US Government was reported to be supportive of this transfer. The story also stated that multiple experts considered the aircraft to be suitable for Ukraine and that they were being stored at RAAF Base Williamtown.<a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a> <a href="/wiki/ABC_News_(Australia)" title="ABC News (Australia)">ABC News</a> reported also in June that the arrangement would require RAVN Aerospace to on-sell the aircraft to Ukraine, with the company being willing to do so. If the Hornets were provided to Ukraine it would have been the largest-ever transfer of Australian military equipment to another country.<a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a> The contract to sell former RAAF Hornets to RAVN Aerospace lapsed in December 2023 with none having been transferred. The Australian Financial Review reported that month that the Ukrainian Government intended to formally request the Australian Hornet fleet during negotiations with the US Government.<a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a> In January 2024 the same newspaper reported that the <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Air_Force" title="Ukrainian Air Force">Ukrainian Air Force</a> was not interested in the aircraft, as it did not want to maintain donated fleets of both F-16s and F/A-18s. As a result, Ukraine did not request the Hornets in 2023 despite being encouraged by other countries to do so.<a href="#cite_note-AFR_Ukraine_to_Australia-145">[145]</a> The Ukrainian Ambassador to Australia noted in June 2024 that while some initial discussions regarding the Australian Hornets had taken place the aircraft were never explicitly requested as the Ukrainian Air Force wanted to focus its efforts on introducing F-16s into service.<a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a> Following the failure of the deal to sell the Hornets to RAVN Aerospace they were broken up and disposed of.<a href="#cite_note-AFR_Ukraine_to_Australia-145">[145]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Preservation">Preservation</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=McDonnell_Douglas_F/A-18_Hornet_in_Australian_service&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Preservation">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A21-22_at_the_Treloar_Technology_Centre_September_2023.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Colour photo of a grey aircraft in a building" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/A21-22_at_the_Treloar_Technology_Centre_September_2023.jpg/220px-A21-22_at_the_Treloar_Technology_Centre_September_2023.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/A21-22_at_the_Treloar_Technology_Centre_September_2023.jpg/330px-A21-22_at_the_Treloar_Technology_Centre_September_2023.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/A21-22_at_the_Treloar_Technology_Centre_September_2023.jpg/440px-A21-22_at_the_Treloar_Technology_Centre_September_2023.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3745" data-file-height="2807" /></a><figcaption>A21-22 in storage at the <a href="/wiki/Australian_War_Memorial" title="Australian War Memorial">Australian War Memorial</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Treloar_Resource_Centre" title="Treloar Resource Centre">Treloar Technology Centre</a> in 2023. This Hornet is one of six set aside for preservation.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RAAF_McDonnell_Douglas_F-A-18_A21-103_Darwin_Aviation_Museum,_2023_(02).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Colour photo of a grey aircraft in a building" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/RAAF_McDonnell_Douglas_F-A-18_A21-103_Darwin_Aviation_Museum%2C_2023_%2802%29.jpg/220px-RAAF_McDonnell_Douglas_F-A-18_A21-103_Darwin_Aviation_Museum%2C_2023_%2802%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/RAAF_McDonnell_Douglas_F-A-18_A21-103_Darwin_Aviation_Museum%2C_2023_%2802%29.jpg/330px-RAAF_McDonnell_Douglas_F-A-18_A21-103_Darwin_Aviation_Museum%2C_2023_%2802%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/RAAF_McDonnell_Douglas_F-A-18_A21-103_Darwin_Aviation_Museum%2C_2023_%2802%29.jpg/440px-RAAF_McDonnell_Douglas_F-A-18_A21-103_Darwin_Aviation_Museum%2C_2023_%2802%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5939" data-file-height="3959" /></a><figcaption>A21-103 on display at the <a href="/wiki/Darwin_Aviation_Museum" title="Darwin Aviation Museum">Darwin Aviation Museum</a> in 2023</figcaption></figure> In May 2020, the Department of Defence announced that six F/A-18As (A21-22, -23, -29, -32, -40 and -43) and two F/A-18Bs (A21-101 and -103) would be preserved in Australia.<a href="#cite_note-DefMagMay20-136">[136]</a> Two of these aircraft were earmarked for static preservation at the <a href="/wiki/Australian_War_Memorial" title="Australian War Memorial">Australian War Memorial</a>.<a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a><a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a> All eight Hornets were prepared for museum display by Boeing Defence Australia over a two year period ending in May 2023.<a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=McDonnell_Douglas_F/A-18_Hornet_in_Australian_service&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=McDonnell_Douglas_F/A-18_Hornet_in_Australian_service&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Citations">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-McLaughlin_2005_51-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-McLaughlin_2005_51_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-McLaughlin_2005_51_1-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-McLaughlin_2005_51_1-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-McLaughlin_2005_51_1-3">d</a> McLaughlin (2005), p. 51 </li> <li id="cite_note-Wilson_1993_80-2"><a href="#cite_ref-Wilson_1993_80_2-0">^</a> Wilson (1993), p. 80 </li> <li id="cite_note-Wilson_1993_81-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Wilson_1993_81_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wilson_1993_81_3-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wilson_1993_81_3-2">c</a> Wilson (1993), p. 81 </li> <li id="cite_note-McLaughlin_2005_52-4"><a href="#cite_ref-McLaughlin_2005_52_4-0">^</a> McLaughlin (2005), p. 52 </li> <li id="cite_note-McLaughlin_2005_53-5"><a href="#cite_ref-McLaughlin_2005_53_5-0">^</a> McLaughlin (2005), p. 53 </li> <li id="cite_note-McLaughlin_2005_55-6">^ <a href="#cite_ref-McLaughlin_2005_55_6-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-McLaughlin_2005_55_6-1">b</a> McLaughlin (2005), p. 55 </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> McLaughlin (2005), pp. 56–57 </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> McLaughlin (2005), p. 57 </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> McLaughlin (2005), pp. 57–58 </li> <li id="cite_note-McLaughlin_2005_59-10">^ <a href="#cite_ref-McLaughlin_2005_59_10-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-McLaughlin_2005_59_10-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-McLaughlin_2005_59_10-2">c</a> McLaughlin (2005), p. 59 </li> <li id="cite_note-McLaughlin_2005_60-11"><a href="#cite_ref-McLaughlin_2005_60_11-0">^</a> McLaughlin (2005), p. 60 </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> McLaughlin (2005), pp. 60–61 </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> McLaughlin (2005), pp. 61–62 </li> <li id="cite_note-Wilson_1993_83-14">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Wilson_1993_83_14-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wilson_1993_83_14-1">b</a> Wilson (1993), p. 83 </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated1-15">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_15-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_15-1">b</a> McLaughlin (2005), p. 67 </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> McLaughlin (2005), pp. 69–70 </li> <li id="cite_note-Wilson_35-17">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Wilson_35_17-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wilson_35_17-1">b</a> Wilson (2005), p. 35 </li> <li id="cite_note-McLaughlin_March05_55-18">^ <a href="#cite_ref-McLaughlin_March05_55_18-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-McLaughlin_March05_55_18-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-McLaughlin_March05_55_18-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-McLaughlin_March05_55_18-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-McLaughlin_March05_55_18-4">e</a> McLaughlin (March 2005), p. 55 </li> <li id="cite_note-McLaughlin_March05_54-19">^ <a href="#cite_ref-McLaughlin_March05_54_19-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-McLaughlin_March05_54_19-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-McLaughlin_March05_54_19-2">c</a> McLaughlin (March 2005), p. 54 </li> <li id="cite_note-Wilson_1993_86-20"><a href="#cite_ref-Wilson_1993_86_20-0">^</a> Wilson (1993), p. 86 </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> McLaughlin (March 2005), pp. 54–55 </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> Wilson (1993), pp. 127–128 </li> <li id="cite_note-Wilson_2005_42-23">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Wilson_2005_42_23-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wilson_2005_42_23-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wilson_2005_42_23-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wilson_2005_42_23-3">d</a> Wilson (2005), p. 42 </li> <li id="cite_note-Wilson_2005_41-24">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Wilson_2005_41_24-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wilson_2005_41_24-1">b</a> Wilson (2005), p. 41 </li> <li id="cite_note-McLaughlin_2005_70-25"><a href="#cite_ref-McLaughlin_2005_70_25-0">^</a> McLaughlin (2005), p. 70 </li> <li id="cite_note-Wilson_2005_41-42-26">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Wilson_2005_41-42_26-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wilson_2005_41-42_26-1">b</a> Wilson (2005), pp. 41–42 </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> McLaughlin (2010), pp. 12–13 </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> Wilson (1993), p. 110 </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> McLaughlin (2010), pp. 42–44 </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output 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Retrieved 6 December 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Canberra+Times&rft.atitle=Hornet+fighter+jet+joins+Australian+War+Memorial+collection&rft.date=2020-12-05&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.canberratimes.com.au%2Fstory%2F7041733%2Fhornet-gets-a-new-home-at-war-memorial%2F%3Fcs%3D14260&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMcDonnell+Douglas+F%2FA-18+Hornet+in+Australian+service" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAPDR_staff2023" class="citation news cs1">APDR staff (22 May 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://asiapacificdefencereporter.com/boeing-delivers-final-heritage-f-a-18-classic-hornet/">"Boeing delivers final heritage F/A-18 Classic Hornet"</a>. Asia-Pacific Defence Reporter. 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Port Melbourne, Victoria: <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521765879" title="Special:BookSources/9780521765879"><bdi>9780521765879</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Australia+and+the+%27New+World+Order%27%3A+From+Peacekeeping+to+Peace+Enforcement%3A+1988%E2%80%931991&rft.place=Port+Melbourne%2C+Victoria&rft.series=The+Official+History+of+Australian+Peacekeeping%2C+Humanitarian+and+Post-Cold+War+Operations&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9780521765879&rft.aulast=Horner&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMcDonnell+Douglas+F%2FA-18+Hornet+in+Australian+service" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcLaughlin2005" class="citation book cs1">McLaughlin, Andrew (2005). Hornets Down Under. Fyshwick, ACT: Phantom Media. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0646443984" title="Special:BookSources/0646443984"><bdi>0646443984</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hornets+Down+Under&rft.place=Fyshwick%2C+ACT&rft.pub=Phantom+Media&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0646443984&rft.aulast=McLaughlin&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMcDonnell+Douglas+F%2FA-18+Hornet+in+Australian+service" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcLaughlin2005" class="citation magazine cs1">McLaughlin, Andrew (March 2005). "20 Years of RAAF Hornets". Australian Aviation. Vol. 214. pp. 52–58. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0813-0876">0813-0876</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Australian+Aviation&rft.atitle=20+Years+of+RAAF+Hornets&rft.volume=214&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E52-%3C%2Fspan%3E58&rft.date=2005-03&rft.issn=0813-0876&rft.aulast=McLaughlin&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMcDonnell+Douglas+F%2FA-18+Hornet+in+Australian+service" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcLaughlin2010" class="citation magazine cs1">McLaughlin, Andrew (May 2010). "Super Jet". Australian Aviation. Vol. 271. pp. 42–48. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0813-0876">0813-0876</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Australian+Aviation&rft.atitle=Super+Jet&rft.volume=271&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E42-%3C%2Fspan%3E48&rft.date=2010-05&rft.issn=0813-0876&rft.aulast=McLaughlin&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMcDonnell+Douglas+F%2FA-18+Hornet+in+Australian+service" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcLaughlin2018" class="citation journal cs1">McLaughlin, Andrew (January–February 2018). "To the Future". Australian Aviation (356): 28–35. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0813-0876">0813-0876</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Australian+Aviation&rft.atitle=To+the+Future&rft.issue=356&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E28-%3C%2Fspan%3E35&rft.date=2018-01%2F2018-02&rft.issn=0813-0876&rft.aulast=McLaughlin&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMcDonnell+Douglas+F%2FA-18+Hornet+in+Australian+service" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoclairMcLaughlin2014" class="citation book cs1">Moclair, Tony; McLaughlin, Andrew (2014). Hornet Country. Fyshwick, ACT: Phantom Media. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780992343200" title="Special:BookSources/9780992343200"><bdi>9780992343200</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hornet+Country&rft.place=Fyshwick%2C+ACT&rft.pub=Phantom+Media&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9780992343200&rft.aulast=Moclair&rft.aufirst=Tony&rft.au=McLaughlin%2C+Andrew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMcDonnell+Douglas+F%2FA-18+Hornet+in+Australian+service" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNordeen2017" class="citation journal cs1">Nordeen, Lon (January 2017). "Still Got Sting". Air International. 92 (1): 74–83.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Air+International&rft.atitle=Still+Got+Sting&rft.volume=92&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E74-%3C%2Fspan%3E83&rft.date=2017-01&rft.aulast=Nordeen&rft.aufirst=Lon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMcDonnell+Douglas+F%2FA-18+Hornet+in+Australian+service" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPittaway2012" class="citation journal cs1">Pittaway, Nigel (April–June 2012). "Hug a Hornet". Aero Australia. 34: 20–25. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1448-8086">1448-8086</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aero+Australia&rft.atitle=Hug+a+Hornet&rft.volume=34&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E20-%3C%2Fspan%3E25&rft.date=2012-04%2F2012-06&rft.issn=1448-8086&rft.aulast=Pittaway&rft.aufirst=Nigel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMcDonnell+Douglas+F%2FA-18+Hornet+in+Australian+service" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPittaway2017" class="citation journal cs1">Pittaway, Nigel (October–December 2017). "Hornet Twilight". Aero Australia. 56: 30–33. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1448-8086">1448-8086</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aero+Australia&rft.atitle=Hornet+Twilight&rft.volume=56&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E30-%3C%2Fspan%3E33&rft.date=2017-10%2F2017-12&rft.issn=1448-8086&rft.aulast=Pittaway&rft.aufirst=Nigel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMcDonnell+Douglas+F%2FA-18+Hornet+in+Australian+service" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStephens2006" class="citation book cs1">Stephens, Alan (2006). The Royal Australian Air Force: A History (Paperback ed.). South Melbourne, Victoria: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780195555417" title="Special:BookSources/9780195555417"><bdi>9780195555417</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Royal+Australian+Air+Force%3A+A+History&rft.place=South+Melbourne%2C+Victoria&rft.edition=Paperback&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9780195555417&rft.aulast=Stephens&rft.aufirst=Alan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMcDonnell+Douglas+F%2FA-18+Hornet+in+Australian+service" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilson2003" class="citation book cs1">Wilson, David (2003). Warden to Tanager: RAAF Operations in East Timor. Maryborough, Queensland: Banner Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1875593268" title="Special:BookSources/1875593268"><bdi>1875593268</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Warden+to+Tanager%3A+RAAF+Operations+in+East+Timor&rft.place=Maryborough%2C+Queensland&rft.pub=Banner+Books&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=1875593268&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMcDonnell+Douglas+F%2FA-18+Hornet+in+Australian+service" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilson1993" class="citation book cs1">Wilson, Stewart (1993). Phantom, Hornet, and Skyhawk in Australian Service. Weston Creek, ACT: Aerospace Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/187567103X" title="Special:BookSources/187567103X"><bdi>187567103X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Phantom%2C+Hornet%2C+and+Skyhawk+in+Australian+Service&rft.place=Weston+Creek%2C+ACT&rft.pub=Aerospace+Publications&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=187567103X&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=Stewart&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMcDonnell+Douglas+F%2FA-18+Hornet+in+Australian+service" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilson2005" class="citation journal cs1">Wilson, Stewart (January–March 2005). "Made in Australia: Hornet". Aero Australia. 5: 32–42. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1448-8086">1448-8086</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aero+Australia&rft.atitle=Made+in+Australia%3A+Hornet&rft.volume=5&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E32-%3C%2Fspan%3E42&rft.date=2005-01%2F2005-03&rft.issn=1448-8086&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=Stewart&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMcDonnell+Douglas+F%2FA-18+Hornet+in+Australian+service" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=McDonnell_Douglas_F/A-18_Hornet_in_Australian_service&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDirectorate_of_Defence_Aviation_and_Air_Force_Safety2007" class="citation book cs1">Directorate of Defence Aviation and Air Force Safety (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150320003655/http://www.pigzbum.com/accidents/sifting-through-the-evidenc.pdf">Sifting Through The Evidence: RAAF F-111 and AF/A-18 Aircraft and Crew Losses</a> (PDF). Canberra, ACT: Royal Australian Air Force. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/271545224">271545224</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pigzbum.com/accidents/sifting-through-the-evidenc.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 20 March 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sifting+Through+The+Evidence%3A+RAAF+F-111+and+AF%2FA-18+Aircraft+and+Crew+Losses&rft.place=Canberra%2C+ACT&rft.pub=Royal+Australian+Air+Force&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F271545224&rft.au=Directorate+of+Defence+Aviation+and+Air+Force+Safety&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pigzbum.com%2Faccidents%2Fsifting-through-the-evidenc.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMcDonnell+Douglas+F%2FA-18+Hornet+in+Australian+service" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoclairMcLaughlinFranzi2013" class="citation book cs1">Moclair, Tony; McLaughlin, Andrew; Franzi, Juanita (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vr3pnQEACAAJ">Hornet Country: Boeing's 'classic' F/A-18 Hornet, F/A-18F Super Hornet and EA-18G Growler in Australia</a>. Manuka, ACT: Phantom Media. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780992343200" title="Special:BookSources/9780992343200"><bdi>9780992343200</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hornet+Country%3A+Boeing%27s+%27classic%27+F%2FA-18+Hornet%2C+F%2FA-18F+Super+Hornet+and+EA-18G+Growler+in+Australia&rft.place=Manuka%2C+ACT&rft.pub=Phantom+Media&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9780992343200&rft.aulast=Moclair&rft.aufirst=Tony&rft.au=McLaughlin%2C+Andrew&rft.au=Franzi%2C+Juanita&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dvr3pnQEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMcDonnell+Douglas+F%2FA-18+Hornet+in+Australian+service" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFQuaife2023" class="citation book cs1">Quaife, John (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UHWizwEACAAJ">The Classic: F/A-18A/B Hornet Aircraft in Australian Service</a>. Moss Vale, NSW: Big Sky Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781922896889" title="Special:BookSources/9781922896889"><bdi>9781922896889</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Classic%3A+F%2FA-18A%2FB+Hornet+Aircraft+in+Australian+Service&rft.place=Moss+Vale%2C+NSW&rft.pub=Big+Sky+Publishing&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=9781922896889&rft.aulast=Quaife&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUHWizwEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMcDonnell+Douglas+F%2FA-18+Hornet+in+Australian+service" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=McDonnell_Douglas_F/A-18_Hornet_in_Australian_service&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:F/A-18_Hornet_in_the_Royal_Australian_Air_Force" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:F/A-18 Hornet in the Royal Australian Air Force">F/A-18 Hornet in the Royal Australian Air Force</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:McDonnell_Douglas_aircraft" title="Template:McDonnell Douglas aircraft"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:McDonnell_Douglas_aircraft" title="Template talk:McDonnell Douglas aircraft"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:McDonnell_Douglas_aircraft" title="Special:EditPage/Template:McDonnell Douglas aircraft"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="McDonnell_and_McDonnell_Douglas_aircraft_and_spacecraft366" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Aircraft_Corporation" title="McDonnell Aircraft Corporation">McDonnell</a> and <a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas" title="McDonnell Douglas">McDonnell Douglas</a> aircraft and spacecraft</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Civil</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:13.0em;;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Airliner" title="Airliner">Airliners</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_DC-8" title="Douglas DC-8">DC-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_DC-9" title="McDonnell Douglas DC-9">DC-9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_DC-10" title="McDonnell Douglas DC-10">DC-10</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DC-10_Air_Tanker" title="DC-10 Air Tanker">Air Tanker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_DC-10_Twin" title="McDonnell Douglas DC-10 Twin">Twin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_DC-10" title="McDonnell Douglas DC-10">MD-10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_MD-11" title="McDonnell Douglas MD-11">MD-11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_MD-12" title="McDonnell Douglas MD-12">MD-12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_MD-80" title="McDonnell Douglas MD-80">MD-80</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_MD-80" title="McDonnell Douglas MD-80">MD-81</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_MD-80" title="McDonnell Douglas MD-80">MD-82</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_MD-80" title="McDonnell Douglas MD-80">MD-83</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_MD-80" title="McDonnell Douglas MD-80">MD-87</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_MD-80" title="McDonnell Douglas MD-80">MD-88</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_MD-90" title="McDonnell Douglas MD-90">MD-90</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_MD-94X" title="McDonnell Douglas MD-94X">MD-91X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_MD-94X" title="McDonnell Douglas MD-94X">MD-92X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_MD-94X" title="McDonnell Douglas MD-94X">MD-94X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_717" title="Boeing 717">MD-95</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Br%C3%A9guet_941" title="Bréguet 941">Model 188E</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Br%C3%A9guet_941" title="Bréguet 941">Model 210</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_High_Speed_Civil_Transport" title="McDonnell Douglas High Speed Civil Transport">High Speed Civil Transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:13.0em;;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Business_jet" title="Business jet">Business jets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_119" title="McDonnell 119">Model 119/220</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fighter_aircraft" title="Fighter aircraft">Fighters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:13.0em;;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Air_Forces" title="United States Army Air Forces">USAAF</a> / <a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">US Air Force</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_XP-67" title="McDonnell XP-67">XP-67</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_XF-85_Goblin" title="McDonnell XF-85 Goblin">XF-85 Goblin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_XF-88_Voodoo" title="McDonnell XF-88 Voodoo">XF-88 Voodoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_F-101_Voodoo" title="McDonnell F-101 Voodoo">F-101 Voodoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_F-4_Phantom_II" title="McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II">F-110 Spectre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_F-4_Phantom_II" title="McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II">F-4 Phantom II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_F-15_Eagle" title="McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle">F-15 Eagle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_F-15E_Strike_Eagle" title="McDonnell Douglas F-15E Strike Eagle">F-15E Strike Eagle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_F-15EX_Eagle_II" title="Boeing F-15EX Eagle II">F-15EX Eagle II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_YF-23" title="Northrop YF-23">Northrop YF-23</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:13.0em;;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">US Navy</a> / <a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps" title="United States Marine Corps">USMC</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_FH_Phantom" title="McDonnell FH Phantom">FH Phantom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_F2H_Banshee" title="McDonnell F2H Banshee">F2H Banshee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_F3H_Demon" title="McDonnell F3H Demon">F3H Demon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_F-4_Phantom_II" title="McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II">F-4 Phantom II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_F/A-18_Hornet" title="McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet">F/A-18 Hornet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_F/A-18E/F_Super_Hornet" title="Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet">F/A-18E/F Super Hornet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:13.0em;;font-weight:normal;">Export</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_CF-101_Voodoo" title="McDonnell CF-101 Voodoo">CF-101 Voodoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_F-4_Phantom_II_in_Australian_service" title="McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II in Australian service">F-4E Phantom (RAAF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_Phantom_in_UK_service" title="McDonnell Douglas Phantom in UK service">F-4K Phantom · F-4M Phantom · F-4J(UK) Phantom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_CF-18_Hornet" title="McDonnell Douglas CF-18 Hornet">CF-18 / CF-188 Hornet</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">F/A-18A/B Hornet (RAAF)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:13.0em;;font-weight:normal;">Licensed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_F-15J" title="Mitsubishi F-15J">F-15J Eagle</a> (Mitsubishi)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Attack_aircraft" title="Attack aircraft">Attack</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:13.0em;;font-weight:normal;">US Navy / USMC</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_A-4_Skyhawk" title="Douglas A-4 Skyhawk">A-4 Skyhawk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_AV-8B_Harrier_II" title="McDonnell Douglas AV-8B Harrier II">AV-8B Harrier II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_A-12_Avenger_II" title="McDonnell Douglas A-12 Avenger II">A-12 Avenger II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:13.0em;;font-weight:normal;">Export</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_A-4G_Skyhawk" title="McDonnell Douglas A-4G Skyhawk">A-4G Skyhawk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Trainer_aircraft" title="Trainer aircraft">Trainers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="US_Navy7" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:13.0em;;font-weight:normal;">US Navy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_T-45_Goshawk" title="McDonnell Douglas T-45 Goshawk">T-45 Goshawk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Military_transport_aircraft" title="Military transport aircraft">Transports</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:13.0em;;font-weight:normal;">US Air Force</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_119" title="McDonnell 119">Model 119</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_C-9" title="McDonnell Douglas C-9">C-9 Nightingale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_KC-10_Extender" title="McDonnell Douglas KC-10 Extender">KC-10 Extender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_YC-15" title="McDonnell Douglas YC-15">YC-15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_C-17_Globemaster_III" title="Boeing C-17 Globemaster III">C-17 Globemaster III</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:13.0em;;font-weight:normal;">US Navy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_C-9" title="McDonnell Douglas C-9">C-9 Skytrain II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:13.0em;;font-weight:normal;">Licensed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Br%C3%A9guet_941" title="Bréguet 941">Model 188</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Military_helicopter" title="Military helicopter">Helicopters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:13.0em;;font-weight:normal;">US Army / US Air Force</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_XH-20_Little_Henry" title="McDonnell XH-20 Little Henry">XH-20 Little Henry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_AH-64_Apache" title="Boeing AH-64 Apache">AH-64 Apache</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:13.0em;;font-weight:normal;">US Navy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_XHJH_Whirlaway" title="McDonnell XHJH Whirlaway">XHJH Whirlaway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_XHCH" title="McDonnell XHCH">XHCH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_HRH" title="McDonnell HRH">XHRH</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:13.0em;;font-weight:normal;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_120_Flying_Crane" title="McDonnell 120 Flying Crane">Model 120 Flying Crane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_MD_500_Defender" title="McDonnell Douglas MD 500 Defender">MD500 Defender</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Unmanned_aerial_vehicle" title="Unmanned aerial vehicle">Drones (UAVs)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:13.0em;;font-weight:normal;">US Air Force</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ADM-20_Quail" title="ADM-20 Quail">ADM-20 Quail</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:13.0em;;font-weight:normal;">US Navy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_TD2D_Katydid" title="McDonnell TD2D Katydid">KDH Katydid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LBD_Gargoyle" title="LBD Gargoyle">KUD</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:13.0em;;font-weight:normal;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Project_AQUILINE" title="Project AQUILINE">Aquiline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Experimental_aircraft" title="Experimental aircraft">Experimental</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="US_Army_/_US_Air_Force31" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:13.0em;;font-weight:normal;">US Army / US Air Force</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_XV-1" title="McDonnell XV-1">XV-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_X-36" title="McDonnell Douglas X-36">X-36</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_F-15_STOL/MTD" title="McDonnell Douglas F-15 STOL/MTD">F-15 STOL/MTD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_Bird_of_Prey" title="Boeing Bird of Prey">Bird of Prey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_DC-X" title="McDonnell Douglas DC-X">DC-X</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Spacecraft" title="Spacecraft">Spacecraft</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:13.0em;;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Project_Mercury" title="Project Mercury">Mercury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Gemini" title="Project Gemini">Gemini</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manned_Orbiting_Laboratory" title="Manned Orbiting Laboratory">Gemini B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Gemini" title="Big Gemini">Big Gemini</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skylab" title="Skylab">Skylab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:13.0em;;font-weight:normal;">US Air Force</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Gemini" title="Blue Gemini">Blue Gemini</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Model numbers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_XP-67" title="McDonnell XP-67">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_FH_Phantom" title="McDonnell FH Phantom">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_XP-67" title="McDonnell XP-67">12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_XP-67" title="McDonnell XP-67">16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_FH_Phantom" title="McDonnell FH Phantom">23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_F2H_Banshee" title="McDonnell F2H Banshee">24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LBD_Gargoyle" title="LBD Gargoyle">25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_XF-85_Goblin" title="McDonnell XF-85 Goblin">27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_TD2D_Katydid" title="McDonnell TD2D Katydid">31</a></li> <li>36 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_XF-88_Voodoo" title="McDonnell XF-88 Voodoo">36–36V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_F-101_Voodoo" title="McDonnell F-101 Voodoo">36W–36DH</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_XHJH_Whirlaway" title="McDonnell XHJH Whirlaway">37</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_XH-20_Little_Henry" title="McDonnell XH-20 Little Henry">38</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_TD2D_Katydid" title="McDonnell TD2D Katydid">50</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_TD2D_Katydid" title="McDonnell TD2D Katydid">51</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_F3H_Demon" title="McDonnell F3H Demon">58</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_XHJH_Whirlaway" title="McDonnell XHJH Whirlaway">61</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_HRH" title="McDonnell HRH">78</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_XH-20_Little_Henry" title="McDonnell XH-20 Little Henry">79</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_XV-1" title="McDonnell XV-1">82</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RIM-8_Talos" title="RIM-8 Talos">85</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_XHCH" title="McDonnell XHCH">86</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SSM-N-2_Triton" title="SSM-N-2 Triton">95</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_F-4_Phantom_II" title="McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II">98</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ADM-20_Quail" title="ADM-20 Quail">107</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_119" title="McDonnell 119">119</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_120_Flying_Crane" title="McDonnell 120 Flying Crane">120</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AAM-N-10_Eagle" title="AAM-N-10 Eagle">127</a></li> <li>133 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Project_Mercury" title="Project Mercury">133A–133K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Gemini" title="Project Gemini">133L–133P</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Gemini" title="Big Gemini">133Q</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASSET_(spacecraft)" title="ASSET (spacecraft)">151</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samos_(satellite)" title="Samos (satellite)">164</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temco_TT_Pinto" title="Temco TT Pinto">182</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temco_TT_Pinto" title="Temco TT Pinto">183</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Br%C3%A9guet_941" title="Bréguet 941">188</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Isinglass" title="Project Isinglass">192</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manned_Orbiting_Laboratory" title="Manned Orbiting Laboratory">195</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_F-15_Eagle" title="McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle">199</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Br%C3%A9guet_941" title="Bréguet 941">210</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_119" title="McDonnell 119">220</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harpoon_(missile)" title="Harpoon (missile)">228</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_AV-8B_Harrier_II" title="McDonnell Douglas AV-8B Harrier II">258</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hawker_Siddeley_Harrier" title="Hawker Siddeley Harrier">258AP</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_F/A-18_Hornet" title="McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet">267</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="F-5_and_F/A-18_families124" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:F-5_family" title="Template:F-5 family"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:F-5_family" title="Template talk:F-5 family"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:F-5_family" title="Special:EditPage/Template:F-5 family"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="F-5_and_F/A-18_families124" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Northrop_F-5" title="Northrop F-5">F-5</a> and <a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_F/A-18_Hornet" title="McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet">F/A-18</a> families</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Variants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">F-5 line</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_F-5" title="Northrop F-5">F-5</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_F-20_Tigershark" title="Northrop F-20 Tigershark">G</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_F-20_Tigershark" title="Northrop F-20 Tigershark">F-20</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_T-38_Talon" title="Northrop T-38 Talon">T-38</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shaped_Sonic_Boom_Demonstration" title="Shaped Sonic Boom Demonstration">Shaped Sonic Boom Demonstration</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">F/A-18 line</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_YF-17" title="Northrop YF-17">F-17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_F/A-18_Hornet" title="McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet">F/A-18</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_F/A-18E/F_Super_Hornet" title="Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet">E/F</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_EA-18G_Growler" title="Boeing EA-18G Growler">EA-18G</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_X-53_Active_Aeroelastic_Wing" title="Boeing X-53 Active Aeroelastic Wing">X-53</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_CF-18_Hornet" title="McDonnell Douglas CF-18 Hornet">CF-188 (CF-18)</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/High_Alpha_Research_Vehicle" title="High Alpha Research Vehicle">High Alpha Research Vehicle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Model numbers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas" title="McDonnell Douglas">McDonnell Douglas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_F/A-18_Hornet" title="McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet">267</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northrop_Corporation" title="Northrop Corporation">Northrop</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_F-5" title="Northrop F-5">N-156</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_T-38_Talon" title="Northrop T-38 Talon">T</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_T-38_Talon" title="Northrop T-38 Talon">N-205</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_T-38_Talon" title="Northrop T-38 Talon">N-267</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_YF-17" title="Northrop YF-17">N-300</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_F-5" title="Northrop F-5">N-301</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_F-5" title="Northrop F-5">N-302</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_F-5" title="Northrop F-5">N-303</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_F-5" title="Northrop F-5">N-304</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_F-5" title="Northrop F-5">N-305</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_F-5" title="Northrop F-5">N-306</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_F-5" title="Northrop F-5">N-307</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_F-5" title="Northrop F-5">N-311</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_YF-17" title="Northrop YF-17">N-321</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_YF-17" title="Northrop YF-17">P530</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_YF-17" title="Northrop YF-17">P600</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_F/A-18_Hornet" title="McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet">P630</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Foreign production</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Aerospace_Industrial_Development_Corporation" title="Aerospace Industrial Development Corporation">AIDC</a> (Taiwan)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_F-5" title="Northrop F-5">Chung Cheng</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Canadair" title="Canadair">Canadair</a> (Canada)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canadair_CF-5" title="Canadair CF-5">CF-116 (CF-5)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Iran_Aircraft_Manufacturing_Industries_Corporation" title="Iran Aircraft Manufacturing Industries Corporation">HESA</a> (Iran)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HESA_Azarakhsh" title="HESA Azarakhsh">Azarakhsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HESA_Kowsar" title="HESA Kowsar">Kowsar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HESA_Saeqeh" title="HESA Saeqeh">Saeqeh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Accidents and incidents <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1966_NASA_T-38_crash" title="1966 NASA T-38 crash">1966 NASA T-38 crash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1982_Thunderbirds_Indian_Springs_Diamond_Crash" class="mw-redirect" title="1982 Thunderbirds Indian Springs Diamond Crash">1982 Thunderbirds T-38 crash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_San_Diego_F/A-18_crash" title="2008 San Diego F/A-18 crash">2008 San Diego F/A-18 crash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Virginia_Beach_F/A-18_crash" title="2012 Virginia Beach F/A-18 crash">2012 Virginia Beach F/A-18 crash</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CF-18_Demonstration_Team" title="CF-18 Demonstration Team">CF-18 Demonstration Team</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">F/A-18 in Australian service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Wolf_F/A-18C_simulator" title="Hugo Wolf F/A-18C simulator">Hugo Wolf F/A-18C simulator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aircraft_in_fiction#F-5_Freedom_Fighter.2FTiger_II" title="Aircraft in fiction">In fiction</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aircraft_in_fiction#F/A-18_Hornet" title="Aircraft in fiction">F/A-18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aircraft_in_fiction#F-20_Tigershark" title="Aircraft in fiction">F-20</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=McDonnell_Douglas_F/A-18_Hornet_in_Australian_service&oldid=1277344773">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=McDonnell_Douglas_F/A-18_Hornet_in_Australian_service&oldid=1277344773</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" 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