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Dit is echter niet verplicht." class=""><span>Account aanmaken</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Aanmelden&returnto=Hebreeuws" title="U wordt van harte uitgenodigd om aan te melden, maar dit is niet verplicht [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Aanmelden</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Meer opties" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Gebruikersmenu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=nl.wikipedia.org&uselang=nl"><span>Doneren</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:GebruikerAanmaken&returnto=Hebreeuws" title="Registreer u vooral en meld u aan. Dit is echter niet verplicht."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Account aanmaken</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Aanmelden&returnto=Hebreeuws" title="U wordt van harte uitgenodigd om aan te melden, maar dit is niet verplicht [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Aanmelden</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pagina's voor uitgelogde redacteuren <a href="/wiki/Help:Inleiding" aria-label="Meer leren over bewerken"><span>meer lezen</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:MijnBijdragen" title="Bijdragen IP-adres [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bijdragen</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:MijnOverleg" title="Overlegpagina van de anonieme gebruiker van dit IP-adres [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Overleg</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Inhoud" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Top</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Classificatie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Classificatie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Classificatie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Classificatie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gebruik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gebruik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Gebruik</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gebruik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vormen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vormen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Vormen</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Vormen-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vormen-subkopje inklappen</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Vormen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Klassiek_Hebreeuws" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Klassiek_Hebreeuws"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Klassiek Hebreeuws</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Klassiek_Hebreeuws-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Hebreeuws_van_de_Thora_en_Tenach" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hebreeuws_van_de_Thora_en_Tenach"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>Hebreeuws van de Thora en Tenach</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hebreeuws_van_de_Thora_en_Tenach-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hebreeuws_van_de_Misjna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hebreeuws_van_de_Misjna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.2</span> <span>Hebreeuws van de Misjna</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hebreeuws_van_de_Misjna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Middeleeuws_rabbinaal_Hebreeuws" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Middeleeuws_rabbinaal_Hebreeuws"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.3</span> <span>Middeleeuws rabbinaal Hebreeuws</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Middeleeuws_rabbinaal_Hebreeuws-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_Hebreeuws" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_Hebreeuws"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Modern Hebreeuws</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_Hebreeuws-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Kritiek_en_tegenstand_van_orthodox-joodse_zijde" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kritiek_en_tegenstand_van_orthodox-joodse_zijde"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.1</span> <span>Kritiek en tegenstand van orthodox-joodse zijde</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kritiek_en_tegenstand_van_orthodox-joodse_zijde-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nieuwe_woorden" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nieuwe_woorden"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.2</span> <span>Nieuwe woorden</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nieuwe_woorden-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gebruik_van_de_term_'Ivriet'" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gebruik_van_de_term_'Ivriet'"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.3</span> <span>Gebruik van de term 'Ivriet'</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gebruik_van_de_term_'Ivriet'-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Schrift" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Schrift"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Schrift</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Schrift-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Invloed_op_het_Nederlands" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Invloed_op_het_Nederlands"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Invloed op het Nederlands</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Invloed_op_het_Nederlands-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literatuur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literatuur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Literatuur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literatuur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zie_ook" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zie_ook"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Zie ook</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zie_ook-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Externe_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Externe_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Externe links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Externe_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Inhoudsopgave" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhoudsopgave omschakelen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhoudsopgave omschakelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Hebreeuws</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ga naar een artikel in een andere taal. Beschikbaar in 203 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-203" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">203 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%B7%D1%88%D3%99%D0%B0" title="Ауриа бызшәа – Abchazisch" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Ауриа бызшәа" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abchazisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%B1%D0%B7%D1%8D" title="Джуртыбзэ – Adygees" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Джуртыбзэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="Adygees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebreeus" title="Hebreeus – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Hebreeus" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebr%C3%A4ische_Sprache" title="Hebräische Sprache – Zwitserduits" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Hebräische Sprache" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Zwitserduits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%95%E1%89%A5%E1%88%AB%E1%8B%AD%E1%88%B5%E1%8C%A5" title="ዕብራይስጥ – Amhaars" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ዕብራይስጥ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amhaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_hebreu" title="Idioma hebreu – Aragonees" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Idioma hebreu" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebr%C4%93isc_spr%C7%A3c" title="Hebrēisc sprǣc – Oudengels" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Hebrēisc sprǣc" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Oudengels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iburu" title="Iburu – Obolo" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Iburu" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="Obolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Obolo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="हिब्रू भाषा – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="हिब्रू भाषा" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="اللغة العبرية – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اللغة العبرية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A0%DC%AB%DC%A2%DC%90_%DC%A5%DC%92%DC%AA%DC%9D%DC%90" title="ܠܫܢܐ ܥܒܪܝܐ – Aramees" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܠܫܢܐ ܥܒܪܝܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="لعبرية – Marokkaans Arabisch" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="لعبرية" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Marokkaans Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%87" title="العبريه – Egyptisch Arabisch" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="العبريه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptisch Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="হিব্ৰু ভাষা – Assamees" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="হিব্ৰু ভাষা" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_hebr%C3%A9u" title="Idioma hebréu – Asturisch" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Idioma hebréu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0vrit_dili" title="İvrit dili – Azerbeidzjaans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İvrit dili" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidzjaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%DB%8C%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C" title="عیبری دیلی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="عیبری دیلی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Иврит – Basjkiers" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Иврит" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Basjkiers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Ibrani" title="Basa Ibrani – Balinees" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Basa Ibrani" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebr%C3%A4isch" title="Hebräisch – Beiers" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Hebräisch" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Beiers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebraju_kalba" title="Hebraju kalba – Samogitisch" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Hebraju kalba" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebreo" title="Hebreo – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Hebreo" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%9E%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%82" title="Іўрыт – Belarussisch" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Іўрыт" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%9E%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%82" title="Іўрыт – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Іўрыт" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Иврит – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Иврит" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Ibrani" title="Basa Ibrani – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Basa Ibrani" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="হিব্রু ভাষা – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="হিব্রু ভাষা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebraeg" title="Hebraeg – Bretons" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Hebraeg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretons" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrejski_jezik" title="Hebrejski jezik – Bosnisch" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Hebrejski jezik" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saro_Ibrani" title="Saro Ibrani – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Saro Ibrani" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Иврит – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Иврит" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebreu" title="Hebreu – Catalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Hebreu" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C4%AD-b%C3%A1ik-l%C3%A0i-ng%E1%B9%B3%CC%84" title="Hĭ-báik-lài-ngṳ̄ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Hĭ-báik-lài-ngṳ̄" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%80%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%82" title="Ӏебархойн мотт – Tsjetsjeens" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Ӏебархойн мотт" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Tsjetsjeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inebreo" title="Inebreo – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Inebreo" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%B9%DB%8C%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="زمانی عیبری – Soranî" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="زمانی عیبری" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Soranî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_ebraica" title="Lingua ebraica – Corsicaans" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Lingua ebraica" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsicaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0brani_tili" title="İbrani tili – Krim-Tataars" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="İbrani tili" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Krim-Tataars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrej%C5%A1tina" title="Hebrejština – Tsjechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Hebrejština" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrejsczi_j%C3%A3z%C3%ABk" title="Hebrejsczi jãzëk – Kasjoebisch" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Hebrejsczi jãzëk" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kasjoebisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%84%D0%B2%D1%80%D1%94%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%8A_%D1%A9%EA%99%81%EA%99%91%D0%BA%D1%8A" title="Єврєискъ ѩꙁꙑкъ – Kerkslavisch" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Єврєискъ ѩꙁꙑкъ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="Kerkslavisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Иврит – Tsjoevasjisch" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Иврит" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Tsjoevasjisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebraeg" title="Hebraeg – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Hebraeg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebraisk_(sprog)" title="Hebraisk (sprog) – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Hebraisk (sprog)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebr%C3%A4ische_Sprache" title="Hebräische Sprache – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Hebräische Sprache" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0branki" title="İbranki – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="İbranki" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrej%C5%A1%C4%87ina" title="Hebrejšćina – Nedersorbisch" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Hebrejšćina" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Nedersorbisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="uitgelicht artikel"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CE%B2%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%8A%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B3%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1" title="Εβραϊκή γλώσσα – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Εβραϊκή γλώσσα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebr%C3%A0ic" title="Ebràic – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Ebràic" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Hebrew language" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrea_lingvo" title="Hebrea lingvo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Hebrea lingvo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_hebreo" title="Idioma hebreo – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Idioma hebreo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heebrea_keel" title="Heebrea keel – Estisch" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Heebrea keel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebreera" title="Hebreera – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hebreera" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebreu" title="Ebreu – Extremeens" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Ebreu" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="زبان عبری – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان عبری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heprea" title="Heprea – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Heprea" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebraiskt_m%C3%A1l" title="Hebraiskt mál – Faeröers" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Hebraiskt mál" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faeröers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A9breu" title="Hébreu – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Hébreu" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A8br%C3%A8o" title="Hèbrèo – Arpitaans" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Hèbrèo" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebreewsk_spriak" title="Hebreewsk spriak – Noord-Fries" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Hebreewsk spriak" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Noord-Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenghe_ebraiche" title="Lenghe ebraiche – Friulisch" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Lenghe ebraiche" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebriuwsk" title="Hebriuwsk – Fries" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Hebriuwsk" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Eabhrais" title="An Eabhrais – Iers" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Eabhrais" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E4%BC%AF%E4%BE%86%E8%AA%9E" title="希伯來語 – Ganyu" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="希伯來語" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Ganyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eabhra" title="Eabhra – Schots-Gaelisch" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Eabhra" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Schots-Gaelisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_hebrea" title="Lingua hebrea – Galicisch" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lingua hebrea" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evr%C3%A9o_%C3%B1e%27%E1%BA%BD" title="Evréo ñe'ẽ – Guaraní" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Evréo ñe'ẽ" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guaraní" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%B7%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B1%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8D%85%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8D%83%F0%90%8C%BA%F0%90%8C%B0_%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B6%F0%90%8C%B3%F0%90%8C%B0" title="𐌷𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌹𐍃𐌺𐌰 𐍂𐌰𐌶𐌳𐌰 – Gothisch" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌷𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌹𐍃𐌺𐌰 𐍂𐌰𐌶𐌳𐌰" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ewnish" title="Ewnish – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Ewnish" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibrananci" title="Ibrananci – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Ibrananci" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%AE-pak-l%C3%B2i-ng%C3%AE" title="Hî-pak-lòi-ngî – Hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Hî-pak-lòi-ngî" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%80%98%C5%8Clelo_Hepela" title="‘Ōlelo Hepela – Hawaïaans" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="‘Ōlelo Hepela" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaïaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%AA" title="עברית – Hebreeuws" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="עברית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="हिब्रू भाषा – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="हिब्रू भाषा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrew_bhasa" title="Hebrew bhasa – Fijisch Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Hebrew bhasa" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fijisch Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrejski_jezik" title="Hebrejski jezik – Kroatisch" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Hebrejski jezik" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrej%C5%A1%C4%87ina" title="Hebrejšćina – Oppersorbisch" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Hebrejšćina" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Oppersorbisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A9ber_nyelv" title="Héber nyelv – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Héber nyelv" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B5%D5%A2%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B6" title="Եբրայերեն – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Եբրայերեն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B5%D5%A2%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A7%D5%B6" title="Եբրայերէն – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Եբրայերէն" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_hebree" title="Lingua hebree – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Lingua hebree" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaku_Hebrew" title="Jaku Hebrew – Iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Jaku Hebrew" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="Iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Ibrani" title="Bahasa Ibrani – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Ibrani" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagsasao_a_Hebreo" title="Pagsasao a Hebreo – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Pagsasao a Hebreo" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D1%83%D0%B3%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%82" title="Жугтий мотт – Ingoesjetisch" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Жугтий мотт" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingoesjetisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrea_linguo" title="Hebrea linguo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Hebrea linguo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebreska" title="Hebreska – IJslands" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Hebreska" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="IJslands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_ebraica" title="Lingua ebraica – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingua ebraica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%98%E3%83%96%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A4%E8%AA%9E" title="ヘブライ語 – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヘブライ語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Ivri" title="Basa Ivri – Javaans" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Basa Ivri" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="ებრაული ენა – Georgisch" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ებრაული ენა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tutlayt_ta%C9%9Bebrit" title="Tutlayt taɛebrit – Kabylisch" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tutlayt taɛebrit" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabylisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Иврит – Kabardisch" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Иврит" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="Kabardisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C9%9Bbra_k%CA%8An%CA%8A%C5%8B" title="Hɛbra kʊnʊŋ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Hɛbra kʊnʊŋ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%CC%B1biru_(a%CC%B1lyem)" title="A̱biru (a̱lyem) – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="A̱biru (a̱lyem)" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Ibrani" title="Basa Ibrani – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Basa Ibrani" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82_%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Иврит тілі – Kazachs" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Иврит тілі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazachs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%A0%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BA" title="ភាសាហេប្រឺ – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ភាសាហេប្រឺ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%87%E0%B2%B5%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D" title="ಇವ್ರಿತ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಇವ್ರಿತ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-knc mw-list-item"><a href="https://knc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrew" title="Hebrew – Central Kanuri" lang="knc" hreflang="knc" data-title="Hebrew" data-language-autonym="Yerwa Kanuri" data-language-local-name="Central Kanuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yerwa Kanuri</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%9E%88%EB%B8%8C%EB%A6%AC%EC%96%B4" title="히브리어 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="히브리어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B2" title="Еврей кыв – Komi-Permjaaks" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Еврей кыв" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="Komi-Permjaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%B2%D9%86%D8%A0_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="عبرٲنؠ زبان – Kasjmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="عبرٲنؠ زبان" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kasjmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebr%C3%A4isch_(Sprooch)" title="Hebräisch (Sprooch) – Kölsch" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Hebräisch (Sprooch)" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Kölsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziman%C3%AA_%C3%AEbran%C3%AE" title="Zimanê îbranî – Koerdisch" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Zimanê îbranî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Koerdisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Иврит – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Иврит" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebrow" title="Ebrow – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Ebrow" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Еврей тили – Kirgizisch" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Еврей тили" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgizisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_Hebraica" title="Lingua Hebraica – Latijn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lingua Hebraica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latijn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_ebrea" title="Lingua ebrea – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Lingua ebrea" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebr%C3%A4esch" title="Hebräesch – Luxemburgs" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Hebräesch" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxemburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D1%83%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%B4_%D1%87%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Чувуд чӀал – Lezgisch" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Чувуд чӀал" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezgisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivri_(lingua)" title="Ivri (lingua) – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Ivri (lingua)" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebreeuws" title="Hebreeuws – Limburgs" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Hebreeuws" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_ebraica" title="Lengua ebraica – Ligurisch" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Lengua ebraica" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_ebraica" title="Lengua ebraica – Lombardisch" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Lengua ebraica" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombardisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li%C3%A9beleo" title="Liébeleo – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Liébeleo" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebraj%C5%B3_kalba" title="Hebrajų kalba – Litouws" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Hebrajų kalba" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litouws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivrits" title="Ivrits – Lets" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ivrits" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Lets" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="हिब्रु भाषा – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="हिब्रु भाषा" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%BA%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Евреень кяль – Moksja" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Евреень кяль" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiteny_hebreo" title="Fiteny hebreo – Malagassisch" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fiteny hebreo" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagassisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reo_H%C4%ABperu" title="Reo Hīperu – Maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Reo Hīperu" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Maori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahaso_Ibrani" title="Bahaso Ibrani – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Bahaso Ibrani" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="uitgelicht artikel"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Хебрејски јазик – Macedonisch" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Хебрејски јазик" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B9%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%81" title="ഹീബ്രു – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഹീബ്രു" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BB" title="Еврей хэл – Mongools" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Еврей хэл" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%8D%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%95%EA%AF%AD%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%A8_%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯍꯤꯕ꯭ꯔꯨ ꯂꯣꯟ – Meitei" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯍꯤꯕ꯭ꯔꯨ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Meitei" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="हिब्रू भाषा – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="हिब्रू भाषा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Ibrani" title="Bahasa Ibrani – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bahasa Ibrani" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebrajk" title="Ebrajk – Maltees" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Ebrajk" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9F%E1%80%B1%E1%80%97%E1%80%BC%E1%80%B2%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%80%85%E1%80%80%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="ဟေဗြဲဘာသာစကား – Birmaans" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဟေဗြဲဘာသာစကား" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Birmaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Иврит – Erzja" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Иврит" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="عبری – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="عبری" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebr%C3%A4%C3%A4sche_Spraak" title="Hebrääsche Spraak – Nedersaksisch" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Hebrääsche Spraak" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Nedersaksisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hibbrais" title="Hibbrais – Nederduits" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Hibbrais" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Nederduits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="हिब्रु भाषा – Nepalees" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="हिब्रु भाषा" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepalees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="हिब्रू भाषा – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="हिब्रू भाषा" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebraisk" title="Hebraisk – Noors - Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Hebraisk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Noors - Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebraisk" title="Hebraisk – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Hebraisk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebr%C3%A8u" title="Ebrèu – Occitaans" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Ebrèu" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Иврит – Ossetisch" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Иврит" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE" title="ਇਬਰਾਨੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਇਬਰਾਨੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am%C3%A1nung_Ebreyu" title="Amánung Ebreyu – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Amánung Ebreyu" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_hebrajski" title="Język hebrajski – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Język hebrajski" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenga_ebr%C3%A9a_antica" title="Lenga ebréa antica – Piëmontees" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lenga ebréa antica" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piëmontees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="عبرانی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="عبرانی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A_%DA%98%D8%A8%D9%87" title="عبراني ژبه – Pasjtoe" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="عبراني ژبه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pasjtoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_hebraica" title="Língua hebraica – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Língua hebraica" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pwn mw-list-item"><a href="https://pwn.wikipedia.org/wiki/hiniberayan" title="hiniberayan – Paiwan" lang="pwn" hreflang="pwn" data-title="hiniberayan" data-language-autonym="Pinayuanan" data-language-local-name="Paiwan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pinayuanan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iwriyu_simi" title="Iwriyu simi – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Iwriyu simi" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_ebraic%C4%83" title="Limba ebraică – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Limba ebraică" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Иврит – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Иврит" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Гебрейскый язык – Roetheens" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Гебрейскый язык" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Roetheens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Иврит – Jakoets" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Иврит" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Jakoets" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A6%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A9_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱦᱤᱵᱨᱩ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱦᱤᱵᱨᱩ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_ebrea" title="Limba ebrea – Sardijns" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Limba ebrea" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardijns" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_ebbr%C3%A0ica" title="Lingua ebbràica – Siciliaans" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Lingua ebbràica" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Siciliaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrew" title="Hebrew – Schots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Hebrew" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Schots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A_%D9%BB%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A" title="عبراني ٻولي – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="عبراني ٻولي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrejski_jezik" title="Hebrejski jezik – Servo-Kroatisch" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Hebrejski jezik" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Servo-Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tutlayt_Tudayt" title="Tutlayt Tudayt – Tashelhiyt" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Tutlayt Tudayt" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tashelhiyt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%B2_%E0%B6%B7%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%82%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="හීබෲ භාෂාව – Singalees" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="හීබෲ භාෂාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Singalees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Hebrew language" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrej%C4%8Dina" title="Hebrejčina – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Hebrejčina" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrej%C5%A1%C4%8Dina" title="Hebrejščina – Sloveens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Hebrejščina" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloveens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chihebheru" title="Chihebheru – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Chihebheru" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Af-Hebrow" title="Af-Hebrow – Somalisch" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Af-Hebrow" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somalisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjuha_hebreje" title="Gjuha hebreje – Albanees" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gjuha hebreje" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Хебрејски језик – Servisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Хебрејски језик" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Servisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebreiska" title="Hebreiska – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Hebreiska" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiebrania" title="Kiebrania – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kiebrania" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-syl mw-list-item"><a href="https://syl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%A0%81%EA%A0%9B%EA%A0%86%EA%A0%9E%EA%A0%A5_%EA%A0%9D%EA%A0%A3%EA%A0%94" title="ꠁꠛ꠆ꠞꠥ ꠝꠣꠔ – Sylheti" lang="syl" hreflang="syl" data-title="ꠁꠛ꠆ꠞꠥ ꠝꠣꠔ" data-language-autonym="ꠍꠤꠟꠐꠤ" data-language-local-name="Sylheti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꠍꠤꠟꠐꠤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="எபிரேயம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="எபிரேயம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B9%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%82_%E0%B0%AD%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B7" title="హీబ్రూ భాష – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="హీబ్రూ భాష" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%B1%D1%80%D3%A3" title="Забони ибрӣ – Tadzjieks" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Забони ибрӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tadzjieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B9" title="ภาษาฮีบรู – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาษาฮีบรู" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a href="https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%8B%E1%8A%95%E1%89%8B_%E1%8A%A5%E1%89%A5%E1%88%AB%E1%8B%AD%E1%88%B5%E1%8C%A2" title="ቋንቋ እብራይስጢ – Tigrinya" lang="ti" hreflang="ti" data-title="ቋንቋ እብራይስጢ" data-language-autonym="ትግርኛ" data-language-local-name="Tigrinya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ትግርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iwrit_dili" title="Iwrit dili – Turkmeens" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Iwrit dili" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikang_Hebreo" title="Wikang Hebreo – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Wikang Hebreo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C9%99hudij%C9%99_zyvon" title="Jəhudijə zyvon – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Jəhudijə zyvon" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0branice" title="İbranice – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İbranice" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D2%BB%D2%AF%D0%B4_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Яһүд теле – Tataars" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Яһүд теле" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tataars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D9%89%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%89_%D8%AA%D9%89%D9%84%D9%89" title="ئىبرانى تىلى – Oeigoers" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئىبرانى تىلى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Oeigoers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Іврит – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Іврит" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="عبرانی زبان – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="عبرانی زبان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivrit_tili" title="Ivrit tili – Oezbeeks" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Ivrit tili" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Oezbeeks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81%C3%A9ngua_ebraega" title="Łéngua ebraega – Venetiaans" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Łéngua ebraega" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evrejan_kel%27" title="Evrejan kel' – Wepsisch" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Evrejan kel'" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Wepsisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFng_Hebrew" title="Tiếng Hebrew – Vietnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tiếng Hebrew" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrey" title="Hebrey – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Hebrey" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinulongan_Hebreo" title="Pinulongan Hebreo – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Pinulongan Hebreo" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E4%BC%AF%E6%9D%A5%E8%AF%AD" title="希伯来语 – Wuyu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="希伯来语" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="ურიული ნინა – Mingreels" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ურიული ნინა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingreels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%A2%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A9" title="העברעאיש – Jiddisch" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="העברעאיש" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Jiddisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%88d%C3%A8_H%C3%A9b%C3%A9r%C3%B9" title="Èdè Hébérù – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Èdè Hébérù" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebre%C3%AAuws" title="Hebreêuws – Zeeuws" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Hebreêuws" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%9C%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%9C%E2%B5%8D%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%A2%E2%B5%9C_%E2%B5%9C%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%84%E2%B5%89%E2%B4%B1%E2%B5%94%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%9C" title="ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵄⵉⴱⵔⵉⵜ – Standaard Marokkaanse Tamazight" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵄⵉⴱⵔⵉⵜ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Standaard Marokkaanse Tamazight" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E4%BC%AF%E6%9D%A5%E8%AF%AD" title="希伯来语 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="希伯来语" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hi-pek-l%C3%A2i-g%C3%AD" title="Hi-pek-lâi-gí – Minnanyu" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Hi-pek-lâi-gí" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnanyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E4%BC%AF%E4%BE%86%E6%96%87" title="希伯來文 – Kantonees" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="希伯來文" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IsiHebheru" title="IsiHebheru – Zoeloe" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="IsiHebheru" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zoeloe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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op in WikiWoordenboek" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/20px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/40px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="350" /></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Uit Wikipedia, de vrije encyclopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nl" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1"> <tbody><tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="color:inherit; text-align:center; font-size:120%;" colspan="3">Hebreeuws<br />עברית, Ivriet, Iwriet </th></tr> <tr> <th>Gesproken in </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Isra%C3%ABl_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Israël (hoofdbetekenis)">Israël</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joden" title="Joden">Joodse gemeenschappen wereldwijd</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Sprekers </th> <td colspan="2">meer dan 8,5 miljoen </td></tr> <tr> <th>Rang </th> <td colspan="2">waarschijnlijk rond 85<sup class="noprint nopopups"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bronvermelding#Bron_gevraagd" title="Wikipedia:Bronvermelding"><span title="Voor deze uitspraak is sinds 20 augustus 2013 een bronvermelding gewenst. Motivering: Waarop is die 85 gebaseerd, rang op welk gebied (aantal sprekers of iets anders?) en hoe handig c.q. betrouwbaar is een 'waarschijnlijk' in de infobox?">[bron?]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Taalfamilie" title="Taalfamilie">Taalfamilie</a> </th> <td colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Afro-Aziatische_talen" title="Afro-Aziatische talen">Afro-Aziatische talen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Semitische_talen" title="Semitische talen">Semitische talen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Semitische_talen#Centraal-Semitische_talen" title="Semitische talen">Centraal-Semitische talen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Semitische_talen#Noordwest-Semitische_talen" title="Semitische talen">Noordwest-Semitische talen</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kana%C3%A4nitische_talen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kanaänitische talen (de pagina bestaat niet)">Kanaänitische talen</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Alfabet_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfabet (hoofdbetekenis)">Alfabet</a> </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Hebreeuws_alfabet" title="Hebreeuws alfabet">Hebreeuws alfabet</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="color:inherit;" colspan="3">Officiële status </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Offici%C3%ABle_taal" title="Officiële taal">Officieel in</a> </th> <td colspan="2"><div><span class="mw-image-border noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Israel.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Israël"><img alt="Vlag van Israël" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/20px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/30px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/40px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Isra%C3%ABl_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Israël (hoofdbetekenis)">Israël</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Taalunie" title="Taalunie">Taalorganisatie</a> </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Academie_voor_de_Hebreeuwse_Taal" title="Academie voor de Hebreeuwse Taal">Academie voor de Hebreeuwse Taal</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="color:inherit;" colspan="3">Taalcodes </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/ISO_639" title="ISO 639">ISO 639</a>-1 </th> <td colspan="2">he </td></tr> <tr> <th>ISO 639-2 </th> <td colspan="2">heb </td></tr> <tr> <th>ISO 639-3 </th> <td colspan="2">heb </td></tr> <tr> <td class="infobox-kop notheme center" style="color:inherit;" colspan="3"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><b>Portaal</b>  <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Portal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portaalicoon"><img alt="Portaalicoon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/22px-Portal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/33px-Portal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/44px-Portal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="32" /></a></span>   </td> <td class="ta-left"><b><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Taal" title="Portaal:Taal">Taal</a> </b> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Israel_in_Hebrew.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Israel_in_Hebrew.svg/260px-Israel_in_Hebrew.svg.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Israel_in_Hebrew.svg/390px-Israel_in_Hebrew.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Israel_in_Hebrew.svg/520px-Israel_in_Hebrew.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="70" /></a><figcaption>Het woord <i>Israël</i> in Hebreeuws schrift</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Klassiek Hebreeuws</b>, ook bekend als <b>Lesjon HaKodesj</b> (לשון הקודש, 'de heilige taal'), is de taal van het <a href="/wiki/Jodendom" title="Jodendom">jodendom</a>. Er bestaan verschillende historische perioden: achtereenvolgens het Hebreeuws van de <a href="/wiki/Thora" title="Thora">Thora</a>, dat van de <a href="/wiki/Misjna" title="Misjna">Misjna</a> en dat van de <a href="/wiki/Rabbijnse_literatuur" title="Rabbijnse literatuur">rabbijnse literatuur</a>. De verschillen tussen genoemde taalperioden betreffen spelling, woordenschat en vooral zinsbouw (<a href="/wiki/Syntaxis_(taalkunde)" title="Syntaxis (taalkunde)">syntaxis</a>). </p><p><b>Modern Hebreeuws</b>, ook bekend als <b>Ivriet</b> (עברית), is de officiële landstaal van de moderne staat <a href="/wiki/Isra%C3%ABl_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Israël (hoofdbetekenis)">Israël</a>. Het verschil tussen modern en klassiek Hebreeuws is in <a href="/wiki/Syntaxis_(taalkunde)" title="Syntaxis (taalkunde)">syntactisch</a> opzicht groot, in <a href="/wiki/Woordenschat" title="Woordenschat">lexicaal</a> opzicht zijn de verschillen kleiner. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Classificatie">Classificatie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hebreeuws&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Classificatie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hebreeuws&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Classificatie"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hebreeuws behoort tot de <a href="/wiki/Semitische_talen" title="Semitische talen">Semitische tak</a> van de <a href="/wiki/Afro-Aziatische_talen" title="Afro-Aziatische talen">Afro-Aziatische talen</a>. Hierdoor is het Hebreeuws verwant aan andere Semitische talen als het <a href="/wiki/Arabisch" title="Arabisch">Arabisch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aramees" title="Aramees">Aramees</a> en <a href="/wiki/Akkadisch" title="Akkadisch">Akkadisch</a> en in mindere mate ook aan andere Afro-Aziatische talen als het <a href="/wiki/Berbertalen" title="Berbertalen">Berbers</a> en het <a href="/wiki/Somalisch" title="Somalisch">Somalisch</a>. Een kenmerk van veel Semitische talen, waaronder het Hebreeuws, is het zogenaamde <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Triconsonantalisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Triconsonantalisme (de pagina bestaat niet)">triconsonantalisme</a></i>. Bijna alle woorden kunnen herleid worden tot drie consonanten (medeklinkers), de <a href="/wiki/Radicaal_(Semitische_taal)" title="Radicaal (Semitische taal)">radicalen</a>, die de wortel (radix) van het woord vormen. Sommige radicaalstammen zijn 'afgesleten' of 'uitgehold', zodat er soms nog maar twee radicalen zichtbaar zijn. Er zijn ook stammen die uit meer dan drie radicalen bestaan, soms onder invloed van andere talen. En dan zijn er nog de leenwoorden, waarvoor de linguïstische wetten van het Hebreeuws uiteraard niet gelden. Hoewel het <a href="/wiki/Jiddisch" title="Jiddisch">Jiddisch</a> veel Hebreeuwse en Aramese woorden bevat, behoort die taal tot de <a href="/wiki/Germaanse_talen" title="Germaanse talen">Germaanse tak</a> van de <a href="/wiki/Indo-Europese_talen" title="Indo-Europese talen">Indo-Europese talen</a> - dezelfde taalgroep waartoe ook het <a href="/wiki/Nederlands" title="Nederlands">Nederlands</a>, het <a href="/wiki/Duits" title="Duits">Duits</a> en het <a href="/wiki/Engels_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Engels (hoofdbetekenis)">Engels</a> behoren. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gebruik">Gebruik</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hebreeuws&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Gebruik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hebreeuws&action=edit&section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Gebruik"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Hebrew_Language_in_the_State_of_Israel_and_Area_A,_B_and_C.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Hebrew_Language_in_the_State_of_Israel_and_Area_A%2C_B_and_C.png/260px-Hebrew_Language_in_the_State_of_Israel_and_Area_A%2C_B_and_C.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="483" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Hebrew_Language_in_the_State_of_Israel_and_Area_A%2C_B_and_C.png/390px-Hebrew_Language_in_the_State_of_Israel_and_Area_A%2C_B_and_C.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Hebrew_Language_in_the_State_of_Israel_and_Area_A%2C_B_and_C.png/520px-Hebrew_Language_in_the_State_of_Israel_and_Area_A%2C_B_and_C.png 2x" data-file-width="614" data-file-height="1140" /></a><figcaption>De verspreiding van het Hebreeuws in Israël en de Palestijnse Gebieden.<div style="display: flex;"><span style="display: inline-block; min-width: 1.2em; height: 1.2em; line-height: 1.1; margin: 2px 0 0; border-radius: 2px; box-sizing: border-box; color-adjust: exact;background-color: #17a3bf; color: transparent;border: 1px solid gray;">■</span> <span style="margin:0;">>50% Hebreeuwssprekend</span></div> <div style="display: flex;"><span style="display: inline-block; min-width: 1.2em; height: 1.2em; line-height: 1.1; margin: 2px 0 0; border-radius: 2px; box-sizing: border-box; color-adjust: exact;background-color: #5dc6de; color: transparent;border: 1px solid gray;">■</span> <span style="margin:0;">25%-50% Hebreeuwssprekend</span></div> <div style="display: flex;"><span style="display: inline-block; min-width: 1.2em; height: 1.2em; line-height: 1.1; margin: 2px 0 0; border-radius: 2px; box-sizing: border-box; color-adjust: exact;background-color: #9ddbeb; color: transparent;border: 1px solid gray;">■</span> <span style="margin:0;"><25% Hebreeuwssprekend</span></div></figcaption></figure> <p>Als gesproken taal is het Hebreeuws zeer lang een '<a href="/wiki/Dode_taal" title="Dode taal">dode taal</a>' geweest, in de zin dat niemand de taal meer gebruikte voor de dagelijkse communicatie. Vanaf eind 19e eeuw raakte het Hebreeuws opnieuw in gebruik als dagelijkse omgangstaal.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Het is daarmee een van de zeer weinige voorbeelden van een dode taal die naderhand opnieuw tot een <a href="/wiki/Levende_taal" title="Levende taal">levende taal</a> – in de zin van dagelijkse omgangstaal – is geworden. </p><p>In het <a href="/wiki/Jodendom" title="Jodendom">jodendom</a> is het Hebreeuws altijd in gebruik gebleven en onderwezen. Het diende als taal voor literatuur, poëzie, recht (<a href="/wiki/Halacha" title="Halacha">Halacha</a>) en communicatie tussen joden van verschillende gemeenschappen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vormen">Vormen</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hebreeuws&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Vormen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hebreeuws&action=edit&section=3" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Vormen"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Klassiek_Hebreeuws">Klassiek Hebreeuws</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hebreeuws&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Klassiek Hebreeuws" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hebreeuws&action=edit&section=4" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Klassiek Hebreeuws"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Hebreeuws_van_de_Thora_en_Tenach">Hebreeuws van de Thora en Tenach</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hebreeuws&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Hebreeuws van de Thora en Tenach" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hebreeuws&action=edit&section=5" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Hebreeuws van de Thora en Tenach"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De <a href="/wiki/Thora" title="Thora">Thora</a> bevat de oudste vorm van Hebreeuws. De vorm van Hebreeuws in de daarop volgende boeken in de <a href="/wiki/Tenach" title="Tenach">Tenach</a> is - voor kenners - al aanzienlijk anders. </p><p>Eeuwenlang meende men in Europa dat alle talen in de wereld op grond van Genesis terug te voeren moesten zijn op het Hebreeuws<sup class="noprint nopopups"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bronvermelding#Bron_gevraagd" title="Wikipedia:Bronvermelding"><span title="Voor deze uitspraak is sinds 05 november 2017 een bronvermelding gewenst.">[bron?]</span></a></sup> dat immers rond 3900 voor het begin van de <a href="/wiki/Christelijke_jaartelling" title="Christelijke jaartelling">christelijke jaartelling</a> de taal van <a href="/wiki/Adam_en_Eva" title="Adam en Eva">Adam en Eva</a> en ook van <a href="/wiki/Noach" title="Noach">Noach</a> en <a href="/wiki/Mozes_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mozes (hoofdbetekenis)">Mozes</a> was geweest.<sup class="noprint nopopups"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bronvermelding#Bron_gevraagd" title="Wikipedia:Bronvermelding"><span title="Voor deze uitspraak is sinds 05 november 2017 een bronvermelding gewenst.">[bron?]</span></a></sup> In zijn in <a href="/wiki/Parijs" title="Parijs">Parijs</a> geschreven "Dissertatio de origine gentium Americanarum" uit 1643 probeerde <a href="/wiki/Hugo_de_Groot_(rechtsgeleerde)" title="Hugo de Groot (rechtsgeleerde)">Hugo de Groot</a> deze interpretatie van <a href="/wiki/Genesis_(boek)" title="Genesis (boek)">Genesis</a> nog te redden door te stellen dat het <a href="/wiki/Indianen" title="Indianen">Indiaans</a>, zoals iedere taal, terug te voeren was op het Hebreeuws. Grotius' stellingen werden al in datzelfde jaar door <a href="/wiki/Johannes_de_Laet" title="Johannes de Laet">Johannes de Laet</a> in zijn "Notae ad dissertationem Hugonis Grotii De origine gentium americanarum, et observationes aliquot ad meliorem indaginem difficillimae illius quaestionis" (Leiden, 1643) weerlegd.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In latere tijd werd de rol van bijvoorbeeld het <a href="/wiki/Sanskriet" title="Sanskriet">Sanskriet</a> ook enige tijd overschat bij pogingen een <a href="/wiki/Oertaal" class="mw-redirect" title="Oertaal">oertaal</a> te reconstrueren. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Hebreeuws_van_de_Misjna">Hebreeuws van de Misjna</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hebreeuws&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Hebreeuws van de Misjna" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hebreeuws&action=edit&section=6" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Hebreeuws van de Misjna"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Vanaf ongeveer 200 n.Chr. werden bepaalde joodse juridisch-religieuze teksten te boek gesteld, in de vorm van de <a href="/wiki/Misjna" title="Misjna">Misjna</a>, de Tosefta en andere werken. Deze <a href="/wiki/Rabbijnse_literatuur" title="Rabbijnse literatuur">rabbijnse literatuur</a> werd decennialang, zo niet eeuwenlang mondeling overgeleverd. Het karakter van de teksten maakt het goed mogelijk ze uit het hoofd te leren. De taalfase van deze teksten wordt vaak Rabbijns Hebreeuws genoemd, omdat de auteurs van de teksten "rabbijnen" heten (hebr. "rav", meester, heer). De twee grote tekstverzamelingen met de naam <a href="/wiki/Talmoed" title="Talmoed">Talmoed</a> (de Babylonische Talmoed en de Jeruzalemse Talmoed, naar het gebied waar de redactie plaatsvond) zijn deels een soort commentaar en aanvulling op de Misjna. De taal die hiervoor werd gebruikt is grotendeels Aramees. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Middeleeuws_rabbinaal_Hebreeuws">Middeleeuws rabbinaal Hebreeuws</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hebreeuws&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Middeleeuws rabbinaal Hebreeuws" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hebreeuws&action=edit&section=7" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Middeleeuws rabbinaal Hebreeuws"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De <a href="/wiki/Middeleeuwen" title="Middeleeuwen">middeleeuwen</a> brachten aanzienlijke vernieuwingen in de Hebreeuwse taal, en wel voornamelijk in de geschreven taal. De meeste ontwikkelingen op taalkundig gebied, inclusief een seculiere literatuur, vonden plaats in <a href="/wiki/Spanje" title="Spanje">Spanje</a>, onder de <a href="/wiki/Islam_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Islam (hoofdbetekenis)">islamitische</a> overheersing. In veel mindere mate was ook Italië belangrijk, vooral voor romantische poëzie. In Spanje waren dichters zoals <a href="/wiki/Solomon_ibn_Gabirol" title="Solomon ibn Gabirol">Solomon ibn Gabirol</a> (of Schlomo ibn Gevirol) en <a href="/wiki/Juda_Halevi" title="Juda Halevi">Juda Halevi</a> actief. Hun gedichten en andere literatuur besloegen een breed genre. Voor deze literatuur, alsook de medische en religieuze lectuur van bijvoorbeeld <a href="/wiki/Maimonides" title="Maimonides">Maimonides</a>, moesten nieuwe woorden en uitdrukkingen in het Hebreeuws worden ontwikkeld. Rabbijnen als <a href="/wiki/Maimonides" title="Maimonides">Maimonides</a> vertaalden hun werk soms naar dit Hebreeuws, na het eerst in het Arabisch in omloop te hebben gebracht. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_Hebreeuws">Modern Hebreeuws</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hebreeuws&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Modern Hebreeuws" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hebreeuws&action=edit&section=8" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Modern Hebreeuws"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Het Hebreeuws werd opnieuw een levende taal begin <a href="/wiki/20e_eeuw" title="20e eeuw">20e eeuw</a>, waarbij het onder met name seculiere Joden geleidelijk een aantal andere door Joden gesproken talen, zoals <a href="/wiki/Jiddisch" title="Jiddisch">Jiddisch</a> en <a href="/wiki/Ladino_(Sefardische_taal)" title="Ladino (Sefardische taal)">Ladino</a>, tot op zekere hoogte verving. <a href="/wiki/Eli%C3%ABzer_Ben-Jehoeda" title="Eliëzer Ben-Jehoeda">Eliëzer Ben-Jehoeda</a> was de voornaamste pionier van het modern Hebreeuws. Hij was toonaangevend in een beweging die probeerde het Hebreeuws nieuw leven in te blazen. Dat hield niet alleen in dat mensen moesten leren het actief te gaan spreken en gebruiken, maar ook dat er nieuwe woorden geschapen moesten worden voor allerlei zaken die er nog niet waren toen de Tenach in het Hebreeuws werd opgeschreven en toen de taal intensief werd gebruikt, in de tijd van de rabbijnen. De taal kende geen woorden voor bijvoorbeeld trein, telefoon en fiets, en later tv, magnetron en computer. Zo ontstond het Modern Hebreeuws, ofwel, in die taal, 'Ivriet'. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Kritiek_en_tegenstand_van_orthodox-joodse_zijde">Kritiek en tegenstand van orthodox-joodse zijde</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hebreeuws&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Kritiek en tegenstand van orthodox-joodse zijde" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hebreeuws&action=edit&section=9" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Kritiek en tegenstand van orthodox-joodse zijde"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De charedische (ultraorthodoxe) gemeenschap verzette zich hevig tegen het ontstaan van Modern Hebreeuws. De leidende charedische rabbijnen excommuniceerden de zionisten die deze scholen openden en verboden hun aanhangers om kinderen naar die scholen te sturen. Ook <a href="/wiki/Religieus_zionisme" title="Religieus zionisme">religieus-zionistische</a> scholen werden tot verboden gebied verklaard.<sup id="cite_ref-char5766_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-char5766-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ondanks de intensieve oorlog die de rabbijnen voerden tegen het Modern Hebreeuws, spreken vele charedische joden vandaag toch Modern Hebreeuws. De rabbijnen, waaronder de Jeruzalemse opperrabbijn <a href="/wiki/Yosef_Chaim_Sonnenfeld" title="Yosef Chaim Sonnenfeld">Yosef Chaim Sonnenfeld</a>, wilden het klassieke Hebreeuws bewaren als heilige taal, en voor het dagelijks leven Jiddisch blijven gebruiken. Als alternatief wilden zij het echte klassieke Hebreeuws nieuw leven inblazen. Modern Hebreeuws verschilt op talrijke punten van het klassieke Hebreeuws. Dezelfde rabbijnen maken geen bezwaar tegen het gebruik van het klassieke Hebreeuws. Ook vandaag de dag zijn er met name in <a href="/wiki/Jeruzalem" title="Jeruzalem">Jeruzalem</a> nog talrijke groepen die weigeren modern Hebreeuws te gebruiken, en groeien er kinderen op die geen modern Hebreeuws kunnen spreken. In de <a href="/wiki/Mitnagdiem" title="Mitnagdiem">Litvish-charedische</a> gemeenschap is het gebruik van modern Hebreeuws meer aanvaard dan in de <a href="/wiki/Chassidisch_jodendom" title="Chassidisch jodendom">chassidische</a> wereld. Maar, zoals in een artikel in de Litvishe krant Yated Ne'eman geschreven werd: "Modern Hebreeuws kan uiteraard nooit de plaats van de heilige taal innemen, omdat er (misschien wel opzettelijk) woorden in zijn toegevoegd die uit onreine bronnen komen."<sup id="cite_ref-char5762_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-char5762-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rabbijn Shmuel HaLevi Wosner uit Bnei Brak, een van de grootste chassidische rabbijnen, zei: "Zij hebben de heilige taal vernietigd, vervuild en verminkt met de uitvinding van 'Modern Hebreeuws.' Het is bekend wat de rabbijnen van de <a href="/wiki/Talmoed" title="Talmoed">Talmoed</a> zeiden: dat iedereen die Hebreeuws spreekt, in de hemel zal komen. Dit geldt vanzelfsprekend niet voor 'Modern Hebreeuws'."<sup id="cite_ref-char5764_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-char5764-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>De krant Yated Ne'eman heeft meerdere analyses van de oorlog tussen de charedische joden en de voorstanders van het zionistisch Hebreeuws gepubliceerd.<sup id="cite_ref-char5766_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-char5766-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Een bekende kijk op modern Hebreeuws is dat de makers ervan (zoals <a href="/wiki/Eli%C3%ABzer_Ben-Jehoeda" title="Eliëzer Ben-Jehoeda">Eliëzer Ben-Jehoeda</a>) hun taal als centraal punt voor een seculiere cultuur wilden gebruiken, die een vervanging moest worden van de traditionele religieuze wereld, waarvan de traditionele taal van wijsheid, het rabbijns Hebreeuws, een centraal onderdeel was.<sup id="cite_ref-char5761_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-char5761-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Nieuwe_woorden">Nieuwe woorden</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hebreeuws&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Nieuwe woorden" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hebreeuws&action=edit&section=10" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Nieuwe woorden"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De <a href="/wiki/Academie_voor_de_Hebreeuwse_Taal" title="Academie voor de Hebreeuwse Taal">Academie voor de Hebreeuwse Taal</a> houdt zich bezig met het creëren van nieuwe woorden. Dat garandeert overigens niet dat die woorden ook aanvaard en in gebruik genomen worden door de bevolking. Sommige woorden, zoals het woord voor computer: 'machshev' (bereken-object), vinden onmiddellijk ingang, maar andere uitgevonden woorden worden aan de kant geschoven voor populaire <a href="/wiki/Leenwoord" title="Leenwoord">leenwoorden</a>, zoals <i>sach-rachok</i> (ver-spreker), dat het moest afleggen tegen <i>telefon</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Gebruik_van_de_term_'Ivriet'"><span id="Gebruik_van_de_term_.27Ivriet.27"></span>Gebruik van de term 'Ivriet'</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hebreeuws&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Gebruik van de term 'Ivriet'" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hebreeuws&action=edit&section=11" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Gebruik van de term 'Ivriet'"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Met name aanhangers van het zionisme of (ex-)Nederlanders die naar Israël zijn geëmigreerd, gebruiken de naam 'Ivriet' voor het Hebreeuws zoals dat tegenwoordig in Israël als voertaal in gebruik is. Ivriet wordt dan in tegenstelling tot Hebreeuws gebruikt, dat oud-Hebreeuws zou moeten beduiden. Het gebruik van deze term is echter niet noodzakelijk. <i>Hebreeuws</i> is simpelweg de Nederlandse term voor het Hebreeuwse woord <i>Ivriet</i>. Het moderne Hebreeuws, herleefd door Eliezer Ben-Yehuda, is een variant op diezelfde taal. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Schrift">Schrift</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hebreeuws&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Schrift" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hebreeuws&action=edit&section=12" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Schrift"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hebreeuws wordt van rechts naar links geschreven met het <a href="/wiki/Hebreeuws_alfabet" title="Hebreeuws alfabet">Hebreeuwse alfabet</a>. Aanvankelijk werd het <a href="/wiki/Proto-Sina%C3%AFtisch" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Sinaïtisch">proto-Sinaïtische</a> alfabet gebruikt, dat ontstaan was uit een beeldschrift. De eerste letter, alef, komt van het woord voor os enzovoorts. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Invloed_op_het_Nederlands">Invloed op het Nederlands</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hebreeuws&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Invloed op het Nederlands" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hebreeuws&action=edit&section=13" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Invloed op het Nederlands"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Op diverse manieren heeft het Hebreeuws invloed uitgeoefend op de Nederlandse woordenschat. Een deel van de woorden is via het <a href="/wiki/Jiddisch" title="Jiddisch">Jiddisch</a> gekomen; hiervan worden veel woorden niet in Vlaanderen gebruikt. Een ander deel is rechtstreeks aan het Hebreeuws ontleend, voornamelijk onder invloed van het <a href="/wiki/Jodendom" title="Jodendom">jodendom</a>. Verder is een groot deel via talen als het Grieks en Latijn aan het Hebreeuws ontleend. </p><p>Voorbeelden van woorden van Hebreeuwse oorsprong, die via het Jiddisch in de Nederlandse taal kwamen: </p> <ul><li>bajes (van <i>bajit</i> = huis)</li> <li>gabber (van <i>chaver</i> = vriend)</li> <li>goochem (van <i>chacham</i> = wijze)</li> <li>jajem (van <i>jajin</i> = wijn)</li> <li>jat, jatten (van <i>jad</i> = hand; ook het aanwijsstokje met een handje, de '<a href="/wiki/Jad" title="Jad">jad</a>')</li> <li>lef (van <i>lev</i> = hart)</li> <li>mesjogge (van <i>mesjoega</i> = gek)</li> <li>smeris (van <i>sjmirot</i> = patrouilles van beveiliging)</li> <li>sores (van <i>tsarot</i> = zorgen)</li> <li>tof (van <i>tov</i> = goed)</li></ul> <p>Voorbeelden van woorden uit het klassiek Hebreeuws die in het Nederlands terecht zijn gekomen, rechtstreeks of via een andere taal: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amen_(gebed)" title="Amen (gebed)">amen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hallelujah_(transliteratie)" title="Hallelujah (transliteratie)">Hallelujah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sjabbat" title="Sjabbat">sjabbat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satan_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Satan (hoofdbetekenis)">Satan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talmoed" title="Talmoed">Talmoed</a></li></ul> <p>Voorbeelden van woorden die enigszins vervormd via het Grieks of Latijn aan het Hebreeuws zijn ontleend: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hosanna" title="Hosanna">hosanna</a> (oorspr. Hebr. vorm: <i>hosjiana</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messias_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Messias (hoofdbetekenis)">messias</a> (oorsp. Hebr. vorm: <i>masjiach</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sjabbat" title="Sjabbat">sabbat</a> (oorspr. Hebr. vorm: <i>sjabbat</i>)</li></ul> <p>In christelijke liturgische taal kan men ook <a href="/wiki/Hebra%C3%AFsme" title="Hebraïsme">hebraïstische</a> uitdrukkingen zoals <i>Here der Heren</i> en <i>in de eeuwen der eeuwen</i> aantreffen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literatuur">Literatuur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hebreeuws&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Literatuur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hebreeuws&action=edit&section=14" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Literatuur"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Hebreeuwse en Jiddisje woorden in het Nederlands</i>, Uitg. Sdu uitgevers, Den Haag, 2002, <span class="ISBN"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/90-12-09293-0" title="Speciaal:Boekbronnen/90-12-09293-0">ISBN 90-12-09293-0</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghil%27ad_Zuckermann" title="Ghil'ad Zuckermann">Zuckermann, Ghil'ad</a>, 2003. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.palgrave.com/gp/book/9781403917232"><i>Language Contact and Lexical Enrichment in Israeli Hebrew</i></a>. Palgrave Macmillan. (<span class="ISBN"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/9781403917232" title="Speciaal:Boekbronnen/9781403917232">ISBN 9781403917232</a></span> / <span class="ISBN"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/9781403938695" title="Speciaal:Boekbronnen/9781403938695">ISBN 9781403938695</a></span>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zie_ook">Zie ook</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hebreeuws&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Zie ook" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hebreeuws&action=edit&section=15" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Zie ook"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hebreeuws_braille" title="Hebreeuws braille">Hebreeuws braille</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Externe_links">Externe links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hebreeuws&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Externe links" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hebreeuws&action=edit&section=16" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Externe links"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.trouw.nl/tr/nl/4324/Nieuws/article/detail/1477520/2006/12/17/Hebreeuws-De-mythe-van-de-bijbelse-taal.dhtml">Hebreeuws / De mythe van de bijbelse taal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inez_Polak" title="Inez Polak">Inez Polak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trouw_(krant)" title="Trouw (krant)">Trouw</a>, 18 december 2006</li> <li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67679320">.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding{font-family:sans-serif;font-size:85%;cursor:help;color:var(--color-subtle,#555)}.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding span{border-bottom:1px dotted var(--color-subtle,#555)}</style><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061028003346/http://www.chareidi.shemayisrael.com/archives5766/KSS66features.htm">Verschil tussen Modern Hebreeuws en 'lashon hakodesh', de heilige taal</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320" /><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hebrew.ecott.ch/">Modern Hebreeuws</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hebreeuws.org/">Vereniging ter bevordering van kennis van Hebreeuws</a></li></ul> <div class="toccolours appendix" role="presentation" style="font-size:90%; margin:1em 0 -0.5em; clear:both;"> <div><span style="font-weight:bold">Bronnen, noten en/of referenties</span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="CITEREFAuer2016"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320" /><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Auer, Peter</span>, <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Mashler, Yael</span> (2016). <cite><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.nl/books?id=0fxDDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA124">NU / NÅ: A Family of Discourse Markers Across the Languages of Europe and Beyond</a></i></cite>. <span class="ISBN"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/3110386461" title="Speciaal:Boekbronnen/3110386461">ISBN 3110386461</a></span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170410215051/https://books.google.nl/books?id=0fxDDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA124">Gearchiveerd</a> op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2017-04-10">10 april 2017</span>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Eric Jorink</span>: <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dbnl.org/tekst/jori009boec01_01/jori009boec01_01_0006.htm">Het 'Boeck der Natuere'</a></i> op dbnl.org, onder noot 230</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-char5766-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-char5766_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-char5766_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320" /><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061028003346/http://www.chareidi.shemayisrael.com/archives5766/KSS66features.htm">chareidi.shemayisrael.com</a>, archive 5766</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-char5762-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-char5762_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320" /><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061028003253/http://www.chareidi.shemayisrael.com/archives5762/SHL62features.htm">chareidi.shemayisrael.com</a>, archive 5762</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-char5764-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-char5764_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320" /><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070930031437/http://chareidi.shemayisrael.com/archives5764/noach/onoach.htm">chareidi.shemayisrael.com</a>, archive 5764</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-char5761-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-char5761_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320" /><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927214200/http://chareidi.shemayisrael.com/archives5761/vayechi/features.htm">chareidi.shemayisrael.com</a>, archive 5761</span> </li> </ol></div></div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67837862">.mw-parser-output .navigatie{position:relative;clear:both;overflow:auto;margin:1em auto -0.5em;padding:2px;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);text-align:center;font-size:87%}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-bewerken{margin-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-bewerken .mw-ui-icon::before{background-size:0.9em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-links,.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-rechts{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-rechts{right:2px}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-groot{float:right;padding-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-titel{background-color:#ddeef8;padding:2px 5.5em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-inhoud{padding:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-inhoud p:first-child{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .navigatie div[style*="background-color"],.mw-parser-output .navigatie div[style*="background"]{color:inherit}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output 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href="//nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sjabloon:Navigatie_Hebreeuws_alfabet&action=edit" title="Sjabloon bewerken"><img alt="Sjabloon bewerken" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/16px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/32px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></div></div> <div id="Hebreeuws_alfabet" class="navigatie-titel"><a href="/wiki/Hebreeuws_alfabet" title="Hebreeuws alfabet">Hebreeuws alfabet</a></div> <div class="navigatie-inhoud"> <p><span style="font-size: 102%;"><a href="/wiki/Alef" title="Alef">א</a> · <a href="/wiki/Beet_(letter)" title="Beet (letter)">ב</a> · <a href="/wiki/Gimel_(letter)" title="Gimel (letter)">ג</a> · <a href="/wiki/Dalet" title="Dalet">ד</a> · <a href="/wiki/Hee_(letter)" title="Hee (letter)">ה</a> · <a href="/wiki/Waw_(Hebreeuwse_letter)" title="Waw (Hebreeuwse letter)">ו</a> · <a href="/wiki/Zajien" title="Zajien">ז</a> · <a href="/wiki/Chet" title="Chet">ח</a> · <a href="/wiki/Tet_(letter)" title="Tet (letter)">ט</a> · <a href="/wiki/Jod" title="Jod">י</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kaf_(letter)" title="Kaf (letter)">כ</a> · (<a href="/wiki/Kaf_sofiet" title="Kaf sofiet">ך</a>) · <a href="/wiki/Lamed" title="Lamed">ל</a> · <a href="/wiki/Mem" title="Mem">מ</a> · (<a href="/wiki/Mem_sofiet" title="Mem sofiet">ם</a>) · <a href="/wiki/Noen_(letter)" title="Noen (letter)">נ</a> · (<a href="/wiki/Noen_sofiet" title="Noen sofiet">ן</a>) · <a href="/wiki/Samech" title="Samech">ס</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ajien" title="Ajien">ע</a> · <a href="/wiki/Pee" title="Pee">פ</a> · (<a href="/wiki/Pee_sofiet" title="Pee sofiet">ף</a>) · <a href="/wiki/Tsaddie" title="Tsaddie">צ</a> · (<a href="/wiki/Tsaddie_sofiet" title="Tsaddie sofiet">ץ</a>) · <a href="/wiki/Koef" title="Koef">ק</a> · <a href="/wiki/Reesj" title="Reesj">ר</a> · <a href="/wiki/Sjien" title="Sjien">ש</a> · <a href="/wiki/Tav_(letter)" title="Tav (letter)">ת</a> </span><br /> <a href="/wiki/Alef" title="Alef">alef</a> · <a href="/wiki/Beet_(letter)" title="Beet (letter)">beet</a> · <a href="/wiki/Gimel_(letter)" title="Gimel (letter)">gimel</a> · <a href="/wiki/Dalet" title="Dalet">dalet</a> · <a href="/wiki/Hee_(letter)" title="Hee (letter)">hee</a> · <a href="/wiki/Waw_(Hebreeuwse_letter)" title="Waw (Hebreeuwse letter)">waw</a> · <a href="/wiki/Zajien" title="Zajien">zajien</a> · <a href="/wiki/Chet" title="Chet">chet</a> · <a href="/wiki/Tet_(letter)" title="Tet (letter)">tet</a> · <a href="/wiki/Jod" title="Jod">jod</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kaf_(letter)" title="Kaf (letter)">kaf</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kaf_sofiet" title="Kaf sofiet">-sofiet</a> · <a href="/wiki/Lamed" title="Lamed">lamed</a> · <a href="/wiki/Mem" title="Mem">mem</a> · <a href="/wiki/Mem_sofiet" title="Mem sofiet">-sofiet</a> · <a href="/wiki/Noen_(letter)" title="Noen (letter)">noen</a> · <a href="/wiki/Noen_sofiet" title="Noen sofiet">-sofiet</a> · <a href="/wiki/Samech" title="Samech">samech</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ajien" title="Ajien">ajien</a> · <a href="/wiki/Pee" title="Pee">pee</a> · <a href="/wiki/Pee_sofiet" title="Pee sofiet">-sofiet</a> · <a href="/wiki/Tsaddie" title="Tsaddie">tsaddie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Tsaddie_sofiet" title="Tsaddie sofiet">-sofiet</a> · <a href="/wiki/Koef" title="Koef">koef</a> · <a href="/wiki/Reesj" title="Reesj">reesj</a> · <a href="/wiki/Sjien" title="Sjien">sjien</a> · <a href="/wiki/Tav_(letter)" title="Tav (letter)">tav</a> </p> </div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67837862" /> <div class="navigatie" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="Primaire_taalfamilies"> <div class="navigatie-afb-links 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/32px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></div></div> <div id="Primaire_taalfamilies" class="navigatie-titel"><a href="/wiki/Taalfamilie" title="Taalfamilie"> Primaire taalfamilies</a></div> <div class="navigatie-inhoud"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67785531">.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel{margin:0 auto 0 auto;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .links{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .rechts{padding-left:0.5em}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel tr{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr;width:100%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel tr:last-of-type{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .links{text-align:unset}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .rechts{padding:unset}}</style><table class="navigatie-tabel vatop" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style=""><tbody><tr><td class="links" style=""><span class="nowrap"><b>Overkoepelende termen:</b></span></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Australische_talen" title="Australische talen">Australisch</a> · <a href="/wiki/Inheemse_talen_van_Amerika" title="Inheemse talen van Amerika">Inheems</a> · <a href="/wiki/Khoisantalen" title="Khoisantalen">Khoisan</a> · <a href="/wiki/Papoeatalen" title="Papoeatalen">Papoea</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tasmaanse_talen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tasmaanse talen (de pagina bestaat niet)">Tasmaans</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b>Taalfamilies:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Abchazisch-Adygese_talen" title="Abchazisch-Adygese talen">Abchazisch-Adygees</a> · <a href="/wiki/Afro-Aziatische_talen" title="Afro-Aziatische talen">Afro-Aziatisch</a> · <a href="/wiki/Austroaziatische_talen" title="Austroaziatische talen">Austroaziatisch</a> · <a href="/wiki/Austronesische_talen" title="Austronesische talen">Austronesisch</a> · <a href="/wiki/Dravidische_talen" title="Dravidische talen">Dravidisch</a> · <a href="/wiki/Eskimo-Aleoetische_talen" title="Eskimo-Aleoetische talen">Eskimo-Aleoetisch</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Groot-Andamanese_talen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Groot-Andamanese talen (de pagina bestaat niet)">Groot-Andamanees</a> · <a href="/wiki/Hmong-Mientalen" title="Hmong-Mientalen">Hmong-Mien</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hurro-Urartische_talen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hurro-Urartische talen (de pagina bestaat niet)">Hurro-Urartisch</a> · <a href="/wiki/Indo-Europese_talen" title="Indo-Europese talen">Indo-Europees</a> · <a href="/wiki/Japanse_talen" title="Japanse talen">Japanse</a> · <a href="/wiki/Jenisejische_talen" title="Jenisejische talen">Jenisejisch</a> · <a href="/wiki/Joekagiers" title="Joekagiers">Joekagiers</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kartveelse_talen" title="Kartveelse talen">Kartveels</a> · <a href="/wiki/Koreaans" title="Koreaans">Koreaans</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kra-Daitalen" title="Kra-Daitalen">Kra-Dai</a> · <a href="/wiki/Mongoolse_talen" title="Mongoolse talen">Mongoolse</a> · <a href="/wiki/Noordoost-Kaukasische_talen" title="Noordoost-Kaukasische talen">Noordoost-Kaukasisch</a> · <a href="/wiki/Niger-Congotalen" title="Niger-Congotalen">Niger-Congo</a> · <a href="/wiki/Nilo-Saharaanse_talen" title="Nilo-Saharaanse talen">Nilo-Saharaans</a> · <a href="/wiki/Oeraalse_talen" title="Oeraalse talen">Oeraals</a> · <a href="/wiki/Sino-Tibetaanse_talen" title="Sino-Tibetaanse talen">Sino-Tibetaans</a> · <a href="/wiki/Toengoezische_talen" title="Toengoezische talen">Toengoezische</a> · <a href="/wiki/Trans-Nieuw-Guineatalen" title="Trans-Nieuw-Guineatalen">Trans-Nieuw-Guinea</a> · <a href="/wiki/Tsjoektsjo-Kamtsjadaalse_talen" 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