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When the categories of \u201cus\u201d and \u201cthem\u201d were clear, and \u201cthem\u201d always meant the bad guys.\n\nWasn\u2019t 2023 awesome?\n\nOf course, open source has always been much more complicated than some would like to suppose. But this week that complexity exploded, revealing a roiling mess of geopolitics, chip wars, and, of course, AI messiness. Rather than a testament to the inherent weakness of facile understanding of open source, what is emerging from this mess is a reminder at how complicated yet resilient open source has been for decades.\n\nPressure-testing the OSD\n\nI\u2019ve been arguing for some time that AI breaks traditional definitions of open source, while pointing out that academic debates about The One True Definition of AI have largely been ignored by developers. They have work to do, after all.\n\nWhat\u2019s new, however, is that some of the most thoughtful, vocal proponents of \u201copen source AI\u201d have, quite recently, acknowledged that \u201cAI and source code are simply too different to be neatly managed side by side. The complexity of AI demands complexity of licensing.\u201d That\u2019s a quote from RedMonk\u2019s Steve O\u2019Grady, who is often right, and is definitely correct here. But his same logic extends beyond AI.\n\nWhen he argues that \u201cAI is inarguably a fundamentally different asset than software alone,\u201d he\u2019s right, but the same thing should be said of cloud. For those who lived through the early attempts to apply the OSD\u2014which was conceived to cover source code\u2014to software services delivered over networks, you\u2019ll remember how contentious and messy that process was. We ended up with a kludge called the Affero General Public License (AGPL) and then mostly tried to ignore the issue for the next decade or so.\n\nYou can side with O\u2019Grady that \u201ca group of vendors and investors seeking to commercialize open source have attempted to blur that definition to the point of meaninglessness and irrelevance,\u201d or you can recognize that the OSD for AI and cloud simply doesn\u2019t live up to its original ideals. Free software in the shape of a robust GPL, for example, doesn\u2019t exist in cloud, precisely because the same \u201cteeth\u201d that existed for source code don\u2019t exist for source code that is sort of delivered as a service. One can believe there are bad actors, as O\u2019Grady seems to, and still think the OSD isn\u2019t living up to its ideals for AI or cloud.\n\nBut that\u2019s just one messy area (one that the Linux Foundation is trying to help resolve with some new open source definitions for AI and science).\n\n\u0412\u044b \u0445\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0434\u0430?\n\nRussia isn\u2019t super well-loved in the United States or Western Europe right now, so perhaps it was just a matter of time before Russian software developers would get booted out of their roles as open source contributors to key projects. For example, roughly one dozen Linux maintainers were relieved of their positions this past week. We\u2019ve seen open source contributors lose their status for a variety of reasons on a project-by-project basis, but this is the first time I can remember a class of contributors expelled from a project due to nationality.\n\nGreg Kroah-Hartman, a key Linux kernel leader, notes in a message to the Linux kernel mailing list, \u201cRemove some entries due to various compliance requirements. They can come back in the future if sufficient documentation is provided.\u201d That documentation comes down to proving they don\u2019t work for entities that have been sanctioned by countries as varied as the US, Taiwan, Norway, and New Zealand. At least one maintainer is soon to be reinstated.\n\nThough messy and undoubtedly distressing to those affected, this is actually good turmoil. After all, it\u2019s an indication that open source, generally, and Linux, specifically, matters. Roll back the clock even 10 years and the world was only starting to come to terms with open source\u2019s importance thanks to security vulnerabilities like Heartbleed. In the micro sense, this is a problem, but in the macro sense, it\u2019s indicative of positive trends.\n\nNever meet your heroes\n\nOn the not-so-positive side of the open source ledger is the whole WordPress controversy. I guess I follow people of a certain persuasion on X, because according to their commentary, Automattic CEO Matt Mullenweg had become evil incarnate overnight, launching an unprovoked legal broadside against WP Engine. Dig into the details a bit more, as Ivan Mehta has, however, and it\u2019s clear that there\u2019s plenty of blame to go around.\n\nPerhaps this is a good place to stop (even without getting into the Arm versus Qualcomm open standards battle). If your view of the open source world is a pristine binary of right and wrong, you probably aren\u2019t paying enough attention. Open source has endured precisely because of messy compromise due to messy reality. 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It鈥檚 been a tough week for open source. </h2> <p></p> </div> <div class="media-with-label"> <div class="image"> <img width="1024" height="683" src="https://www.infoworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/3591051-0-13987100-1730137699-shutterstock_347074193.jpg?quality=50&strip=all&w=1024" class="attachment-post-thumbnail size-post-thumbnail wp-post-image" alt="blue and red boxing gloves face off against a black background" data-hero="" loading="eager" decoding="async" fetchpriority="high" srcset="https://www.infoworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/3591051-0-13987100-1730137699-shutterstock_347074193.jpg?quality=50&strip=all 5050w, https://www.infoworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/3591051-0-13987100-1730137699-shutterstock_347074193.jpg?resize=300%2C200&quality=50&strip=all 300w, https://www.infoworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/3591051-0-13987100-1730137699-shutterstock_347074193.jpg?resize=768%2C512&quality=50&strip=all 768w, https://www.infoworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/3591051-0-13987100-1730137699-shutterstock_347074193.jpg?resize=1024%2C683&quality=50&strip=all 1024w, https://www.infoworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/3591051-0-13987100-1730137699-shutterstock_347074193.jpg?resize=1536%2C1024&quality=50&strip=all 1536w, https://www.infoworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/3591051-0-13987100-1730137699-shutterstock_347074193.jpg?resize=2048%2C1365&quality=50&strip=all 2048w, https://www.infoworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/3591051-0-13987100-1730137699-shutterstock_347074193.jpg?resize=1240%2C826&quality=50&strip=all 1240w, https://www.infoworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/3591051-0-13987100-1730137699-shutterstock_347074193.jpg?resize=150%2C100&quality=50&strip=all 150w, https://www.infoworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/3591051-0-13987100-1730137699-shutterstock_347074193.jpg?resize=1045%2C697&quality=50&strip=all 1045w, https://www.infoworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/3591051-0-13987100-1730137699-shutterstock_347074193.jpg?resize=252%2C168&quality=50&strip=all 252w, https://www.infoworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/3591051-0-13987100-1730137699-shutterstock_347074193.jpg?resize=126%2C84&quality=50&strip=all 126w, https://www.infoworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/3591051-0-13987100-1730137699-shutterstock_347074193.jpg?resize=720%2C480&quality=50&strip=all 720w, https://www.infoworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/3591051-0-13987100-1730137699-shutterstock_347074193.jpg?resize=540%2C360&quality=50&strip=all 540w, https://www.infoworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/3591051-0-13987100-1730137699-shutterstock_347074193.jpg?resize=375%2C250&quality=50&strip=all 375w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /> </div> <div class="media-with-label__label">Credit: Gutzemberg / Shutterstock</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="remove_no_follow"> <div class="grid grid--cols-10@md grid--cols-8@lg article-column"> <div class="col-12 col-10@md col-6@lg col-start-3@lg"> <div class="article-column__content"> <section class="wp-block-bigbite-multi-title"><div class="container"></div></section> <p>Oh, for the days when “open source” was simply the business-friendly version of “free software.” When we could make believe that the <a href="https://opensource.org/osd">Open Source Definition</a> (OSD) crafted for a world of packaged software shipped on CDs or other physical media would apply equally well to AI or cloud. When the categories of “us” and “them” were clear, and “them” always meant the bad guys.</p> <p>Wasn’t 2023 awesome?</p> <p>Of course, <a href="https://www.infoworld.com/article/3429076/what-is-open-source-software-open-source-and-foss-explained.html">open source</a> has always been much more complicated than some would like to suppose. But this week that complexity exploded, revealing a roiling mess of geopolitics, chip wars, and, of course, AI messiness. Rather than a testament to the inherent weakness of facile understanding of open source, what is emerging from this mess is a reminder at how complicated yet resilient open source has been for decades.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="show@md"> <div class="grid grid--cols-10@md grid--cols-8@lg"> <div class="col-12 col-10@md col-6@lg col-start-3@lg"> <div class="advert advert--bleed-right"> <div class="advert__container"> <div class="advert__content"> <div class="ad page-ad has-ad-prefix ad-article" data-ad-template="article" data-ofp="false"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="grid grid--cols-10@md grid--cols-8@lg article-column"> <div class="col-12 col-10@md col-6@lg col-start-3@lg"> <div class="article-column__content"> <h2 class="wp-block-heading"><a></a>Pressure-testing the OSD</h2> <p><a href="https://www.infoworld.com/article/2335109/making-sure-open-source-doesn-t-fail-ai.html">I’ve been arguing</a> for some time that AI breaks traditional definitions of open source, while pointing out that academic debates about The One True Definition of AI have largely been <a href="https://www.infoworld.com/article/3485382/ai-software-resists-open-source.html">ignored by developers</a>. They have work to do, after all.</p> <aside class="jwPlayer--floatingContainer" role="complementary" data-nosnippet> <div id="jwplayer--floatingVideo" class="jwplayer" data-media-id="wj1ht0vS"> </div> </aside> <p>What’s new, however, is that some of the most thoughtful, vocal proponents of “open source AI” have, quite recently, acknowledged that “AI and source code are simply too different to be neatly managed side by side. The complexity of AI demands complexity of licensing.” That’s a quote from <a href="https://redmonk.com/sogrady/2024/10/22/from-open-source-to-ai/">RedMonk’s Steve O’Grad</a>y, who is often right, and is definitely correct here. But his same logic extends beyond AI.</p> <p>When he argues that “AI is inarguably a fundamentally different asset than software alone,” he’s right, but the same thing should be said of cloud. For those who lived through the early attempts to apply the OSD—which was conceived to cover source code—to software services delivered over networks, you’ll remember how contentious and messy that process was. We ended up with a kludge called the Affero General Public License (AGPL) and then mostly tried to ignore the issue for the next decade or so.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="show@md"> <div class="grid grid--cols-10@md grid--cols-8@lg"> <div class="col-12 col-10@md col-6@lg col-start-3@lg"> <div class="advert advert--bleed-right"> <div class="advert__container"> <div class="advert__content"> <div class="ad page-ad has-ad-prefix ad-article" data-ad-template="article" data-ofp="false"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="grid grid--cols-10@md grid--cols-8@lg article-column"> <div class="col-12 col-10@md col-6@lg col-start-3@lg"> <div class="article-column__content"> <p>You can side with O’Grady that “a group of vendors and investors seeking to commercialize open source have attempted to blur that definition to the point of meaninglessness and irrelevance,” or you can recognize that the OSD for AI and cloud simply doesn’t live up to its original ideals. Free software in the shape of a robust GPL, for example, <a href="https://www.infoworld.com/article/2336350/the-open-source-problem.html">doesn’t exist in cloud</a>, precisely because the same “teeth” that existed for source code don’t exist for source code that is <em>sort of</em> delivered as a service. One can believe there are bad actors, as O’Grady seems to, and still think the OSD isn’t living up to its ideals for AI or cloud.</p> <p>But that’s just one messy area (one that the Linux Foundation is <a href="https://lfaidata.foundation/blog/2024/10/25/embracing-the-future-of-ai-with-open-source-and-open-science-models/">trying to help resolve</a> with some new open source definitions for AI and science).</p> <h2 class="wp-block-heading"><a></a>Вы хотите писать программное обеспечение, да?</h2> <p>Russia isn’t super well-loved in the United States or Western Europe right now, so perhaps it was just a matter of time before Russian software developers would get booted out of their roles as open source contributors to key projects. For example, roughly one dozen Linux maintainers were <a href="https://www.theregister.com/2024/10/23/linus_torvalds_affirms_expulsion_of/">relieved of their positions</a> this past week. We’ve seen open source contributors lose their status for a variety of reasons on a project-by-project basis, but this is the first time I can remember a class of contributors expelled from a project due to nationality.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="show@md"> <div class="grid grid--cols-10@md grid--cols-8@lg"> <div class="col-12 col-10@md col-6@lg col-start-3@lg"> <div class="advert advert--bleed-right"> <div class="advert__container"> <div class="advert__content"> <div class="ad page-ad has-ad-prefix ad-article" data-ad-template="article" data-ofp="false"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="grid grid--cols-10@md grid--cols-8@lg article-column"> <div class="col-12 col-10@md col-6@lg col-start-3@lg"> <div class="article-column__content"> <p>Greg Kroah-Hartman, a key Linux kernel leader, notes in a <a href="https://lore.kernel.org/all/2024101835-tiptop-blip-09ed@gregkh/">message to the Linux kernel mailing list</a>, “Remove some entries due to various compliance requirements. They can come back in the future if sufficient documentation is provided.” That documentation comes down to proving they don’t work for entities that have been sanctioned by countries as varied as the US, Taiwan, Norway, and New Zealand. At least one maintainer is soon to be reinstated.</p> <p>Though messy and undoubtedly distressing to those affected, this is actually good turmoil. After all, it’s an indication that open source, generally, and Linux, specifically, matters. Roll back the clock even 10 years and the world was only starting to come to terms with open source’s importance thanks to security vulnerabilities like <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heartbleed">Heartbleed</a>. In the micro sense, this is a problem, but in the macro sense, it’s indicative of positive trends.</p> <h2 class="wp-block-heading"><a></a>Never meet your heroes</h2> <p>On the not-so-positive side of the open source ledger is the whole <a href="https://www.computerworld.com/article/3564788/about-that-brawl-between-the-wordpress-co-founder-and-wp-engine.html">WordPress controversy</a>. I guess I follow people of a certain persuasion on X, because according to their commentary, Automattic CEO Matt Mullenweg had become evil incarnate overnight, launching an unprovoked legal broadside against WP Engine. Dig into the details a bit more, as <a href="https://techcrunch.com/2024/10/20/wordpress-vs-wp-engine-drama-explained/">Ivan Mehta has</a>, however, and it’s clear that there’s plenty of blame to go around.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="show@md"> <div class="grid grid--cols-10@md grid--cols-8@lg"> <div class="col-12 col-10@md col-6@lg col-start-3@lg"> <div class="advert advert--bleed-right"> <div class="advert__container"> <div class="advert__content"> <div class="ad page-ad has-ad-prefix ad-article" data-ad-template="article" data-ofp="false"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="grid grid--cols-10@md grid--cols-8@lg article-column"> <div class="col-12 col-10@md col-6@lg col-start-3@lg"> <div class="article-column__content"> <p>Perhaps this is a good place to stop (even without getting into the <a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-10-23/arm-to-cancel-qualcomm-chip-design-license-in-escalation-of-feud?accessToken=eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJzb3VyY2UiOiJTdWJzY3JpYmVyR2lmdGVkQXJ0aWNsZSIsImlhdCI6MTcyOTc5NzM3OSwiZXhwIjoxNzMwNDAyMTc5LCJhcnRpY2xlSWQiOiJTTFJOTzBUMVVNMFcwMCIsImJjb25uZWN0SWQiOiJBOEZDQjFENURGRjU0OTQwOTQxRkQ0NUIzRDlFMTJCQiJ9.rySaC1wDrHWOzSKPfZK_qsQGlEjeMiNaeTW-WTwyG28">Arm versus Qualcomm open standards battle</a>). If your view of the open source world is a pristine binary of right and wrong, you probably aren’t paying enough attention. Open source has endured precisely because of messy compromise due to messy reality. That is, after all, why we have the moniker “open source” in the first place: It was a way to placate business interests, which infuriated the binary-visioned free software purists.</p> <p>If you think about it, it is a delicious irony.</p> </div></div></div></div> </div> </div> </div>  <div id="rightrail-wrapper" class="col-12 col-10@md col-3@lg col-start-10@lg"> <div class="article__side"> <div class="show@lg rightTrailAd"> <div class="advert advert--bleed-left"> <div class="advert__container"> <div class="advert__content"> <div class="ad has-rendered has-loaded"> <div class="ad page-ad ad-topimu" data-ad-template="topimu" data-ofp="false"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <aside class="related-content-small"> <h2 class="related-content-small__title">Related content</h2> <div class="related-content-small__cards"> <div id="nativocardrightrail-1" class="nativo"></div> <article class="related-content-small__card" role="article" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Article" 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</div> </div>  </div> </section> </article> <div class="author-bio"> <div class="container grid"> <div class="col-12 col-8@md author-bio__content"> <div class="grid grid--cols-8@md author-bio__author"> <div class="col-12 col-8@md col-2@lg"> <div class="author-bio__image"> <div class="image image--rounded image--aspect-ratio-2-3"> <img data-hero alt="Matt Asay" src="https://www.infoworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/2002-0-26884800-1740033535-screen-shot-2017-10-02-at-10.44.49-am-100796432-orig.png?w=182" class="author_photo" height="250" width="250" /> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-12 col-8@md col-6@lg"> <div class="author-bio__details" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <div class="author-bio__details-top"> <div class="author-bio__author"> <div class="author"> <div class="author__content"> <div class="author__name" itemprop="name"> by <a href="https://www.infoworld.com/profile/matt-asay/" itemprop="url" aria-label="Author profile"> Matt Asay </a> </div> <div class="author__info"> <span itemprop="jobTitle">Contributing Writer</span> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="author-bio__social"> <ol> <li><a href="https://www.twitter.com/mjasay" aria-label="Follow Matt Asay on X" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"> <i class="icon-x"><svg aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="#icon-x"></use></svg></i> <span class="sr-only">Follow Matt Asay on X</span> </a></li><li><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/mjasay" aria-label="Follow Matt Asay on LinkedIn" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"> <i class="icon-linkedin"><svg aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="#icon-linkedin"></use></svg></i> <span class="sr-only">Follow Matt Asay on LinkedIn</span> </a></li> </ol> </div> </div> <div class="author-bio__bio"> <p itemprop="description">Matt Asay runs developer relations at MongoDB. Previously, Asay was a Principal at Amazon Web Services and Head of Developer Ecosystem for Adobe. Prior to Adobe, Asay held a range of roles at open source companies: VP of business development, marketing, and community at MongoDB; VP of business development at real-time analytics company Nodeable (acquired by Appcelerator); VP of business development and interim CEO at mobile HTML5 start-up Strobe (acquired by Facebook); COO at Canonical, the Ubuntu Linux company; and head of the Americas at Alfresco, a content management startup. Asay is an emeritus board member of the Open Source Initiative (OSI) and holds a J.D. from Stanford, where he focused on open source and other IP licensing issues.</p> </div> <details class="accordion" data-accordion-enabled="mobile,desktop" data-accordion-expanded=""> <summary data-accordion-summary class="accordion__summary"> <div class="accordion__title"> <h2 class="author-bio__cards-title">More from this author</h2> </div> <div class="accordion__icon"> <svg class="icon" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <use xlink:href="#icon-circle-chevron-down"></use> </svg> </div> </summary> <div class="accordion__content" data-accordion-content> <div class="author-bio__cards-container"> <ul class="author-bio__cards"><li class="author-bio__card"><a class="card" href="https://www.infoworld.com/article/3825495/what-if-genai-cant-get-it-right.html" rel="noreferrer" aria-label="Go to content" itemprop="url"><div class="card__header"><span 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