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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Neighboring_communities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Neighboring_communities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Neighboring communities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Neighboring_communities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sights" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sights"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Sights</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sights-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Sights subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Sights-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Churches" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Churches"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Churches</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Churches-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-St._Martin,_Kassel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#St._Martin,_Kassel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1.1</span> <span>St. Martin, Kassel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-St._Martin,_Kassel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-St._Bonifatius,_Kassel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#St._Bonifatius,_Kassel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1.2</span> <span>St. Bonifatius, Kassel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-St._Bonifatius,_Kassel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bergpark_Wilhelmshöhe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bergpark_Wilhelmshöhe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Bergpark Wilhelmshöhe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bergpark_Wilhelmshöhe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Staatspark_Karlsaue_(Karlsaue_Park)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Staatspark_Karlsaue_(Karlsaue_Park)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Staatspark Karlsaue (Karlsaue Park)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Staatspark_Karlsaue_(Karlsaue_Park)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Art_museums" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Art_museums"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>Art museums</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Art_museums-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_museums" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_museums"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.5</span> <span>Other museums</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_museums-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Politics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Politics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Politics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mayor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mayor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Mayor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mayor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-City_council" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#City_council"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>City council</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-City_council-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education_and_research" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education_and_research"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Education and research</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Education_and_research-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Education and research subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Education_and_research-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-University_of_Kassel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#University_of_Kassel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>University of Kassel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-University_of_Kassel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_institutions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_institutions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.2</span> <span>Other institutions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_institutions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Associations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Associations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Associations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Associations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Courts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Courts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Courts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Courts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Notable people subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Academia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Academia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.1</span> <span>Academia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Academia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Actors_and_entertainment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Actors_and_entertainment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.2</span> <span>Actors and entertainment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Actors_and_entertainment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Artists_and_designers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Artists_and_designers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.3</span> <span>Artists and designers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Artists_and_designers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Business" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Business"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.4</span> <span>Business</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Business-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Musicians" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Musicians"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.5</span> <span>Musicians</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Musicians-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politicians,_military_and_civil_servants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politicians,_military_and_civil_servants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.6</span> <span>Politicians, military and civil servants</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Politicians,_military_and_civil_servants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Royalty_and_socialites" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Royalty_and_socialites"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.7</span> <span>Royalty and socialites</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Royalty_and_socialites-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Scientists_and_physicians" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scientists_and_physicians"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.8</span> <span>Scientists and physicians</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Scientists_and_physicians-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.9</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Writers_and_journalists" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Writers_and_journalists"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.10</span> <span>Writers and journalists</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Writers_and_journalists-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Others" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Others"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.11</span> <span>Others</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Others-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>Twin towns – sister cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17.1</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17.2</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">18</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 104 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-104" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">104 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Kassel" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Kassel" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Kassel" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84" title="كاسل – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كاسل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Kassel" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Kassel" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kassel" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84" title="کاسل – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="کاسل" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Kassel" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kassel" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Кассель – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Кассель" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Касель – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Касель" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Касэль – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Касэль" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Касел – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Касел" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel_(Alamagn)" title="Kassel (Alamagn) – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kassel (Alamagn)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Kassel" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Кассель – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Кассель" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreisfreie_Stadt_Kassel" title="Kreisfreie Stadt Kassel – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Kreisfreie Stadt Kassel" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kassel" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Kassel" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Kassel" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Kassel" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kassel" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kassel" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Kassel" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kassel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%AC%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B5%CE%BB_(%CE%88%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B7)" title="Κάσσελ (Έσση) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κάσσελ (Έσση)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Kassel" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaselo" title="Kaselo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kaselo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kassel" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84" title="کاسل – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کاسل" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cassel_(Hesse)" title="Cassel (Hesse) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Cassel (Hesse)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Kassel" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Kassel" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Kassel" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Kassel" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B9%B4%EC%85%80" title="카셀 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="카셀" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%A5%D5%AC" title="Կասել – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կասել" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Kassel" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kassel" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Kassel" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kassel" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Kassel" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Kassel" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Кассель – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Кассель" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Kassel" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Kassel" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%9C" title="קאסל – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קאסל" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Kassel" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Kassel" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="კასელი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კასელი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Кассель – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Кассель" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kassel" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Kassel" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Кассель – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Кассель" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Kassel" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cassella" title="Cassella – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Cassella" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasele" title="Kasele – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kasele" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Kassel" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaselis" title="Kaselis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kaselis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kassel" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Касел – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Касел" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Kassel" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%86%E0%B5%BD" title="കാസ്സെൽ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കാസ്സെൽ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2" title="कासेल – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="कासेल" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel_(Duitsland)" title="Kassel (Duitsland) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kassel (Duitsland)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%83%83%E3%82%BB%E3%83%AB" title="カッセル – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="カッセル" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Кассель – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Кассель" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Kassel" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kassel" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kassel" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Kassel" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kassel" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%84" title="کیسل – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کیسل" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Kassel" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Kassel" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kassel" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Kassel" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Kassel" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Кассель – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кассель" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Kassel" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaseli" title="Kaseli – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kaseli" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Kassel" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AA%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84" title="ڪاسل – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ڪاسل" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kassel" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kassel" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Kassel" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84" title="کاسل – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کاسل" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Касел – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Касел" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kassel" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kassel" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kassel" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Кассел – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Кассел" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5" title="คัสเซิล – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="คัสเซิล" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kassel" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Кассель – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кассель" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel%27" title="Kassel' – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Kassel'" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Kassel" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Kassel" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Kassel" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%94%E5%B8%82" title="卡塞尔市 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="卡塞尔市" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E7%B4%A0" title="卡素 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="卡素" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Kassel" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%94" title="卡塞尔 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="卡塞尔" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2865#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div 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href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Kassel&params=51.3158_N_9.4979_E_type:city(204202)_region:DE-HE"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">51°18′57″N</span> <span class="longitude">9°29′52″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">51.3158°N 9.4979°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">51.3158; 9.4979</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in Hesse, Germany</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org"><span class="wrap">Kassel </span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Germany_by_population" title="List of cities in Germany by population">City</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:272px;max-width:272px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:134px;max-width:134px"><div style="height:98px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:18-09-26-Kassel-RalfR-DJI_0369.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/18-09-26-Kassel-RalfR-DJI_0369.jpg/132px-18-09-26-Kassel-RalfR-DJI_0369.jpg" decoding="async" width="132" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/18-09-26-Kassel-RalfR-DJI_0369.jpg/198px-18-09-26-Kassel-RalfR-DJI_0369.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/18-09-26-Kassel-RalfR-DJI_0369.jpg/264px-18-09-26-Kassel-RalfR-DJI_0369.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4048" data-file-height="3032" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Hercules_monument_(Kassel)" title="Hercules monument (Kassel)">Kassel Hercules</a> at <a href="/wiki/Bergpark_Wilhelmsh%C3%B6he" title="Bergpark Wilhelmshöhe">Bergpark Wilhelmshöhe</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:134px;max-width:134px"><div style="height:98px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:18-09-26-Kassel-RalfR-DJI_0331.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/18-09-26-Kassel-RalfR-DJI_0331.jpg/132px-18-09-26-Kassel-RalfR-DJI_0331.jpg" decoding="async" width="132" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/18-09-26-Kassel-RalfR-DJI_0331.jpg/198px-18-09-26-Kassel-RalfR-DJI_0331.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/18-09-26-Kassel-RalfR-DJI_0331.jpg/264px-18-09-26-Kassel-RalfR-DJI_0331.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4048" data-file-height="3032" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Wilhelmsh%C3%B6he_Palace" title="Wilhelmshöhe Palace">Wilhelmshöhe Palace</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:184px;max-width:184px"><div style="height:102px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kassel_asv2022-02_img22_Fridericianum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Kassel_asv2022-02_img22_Fridericianum.jpg/182px-Kassel_asv2022-02_img22_Fridericianum.jpg" decoding="async" width="182" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Kassel_asv2022-02_img22_Fridericianum.jpg/273px-Kassel_asv2022-02_img22_Fridericianum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Kassel_asv2022-02_img22_Fridericianum.jpg/364px-Kassel_asv2022-02_img22_Fridericianum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7209" data-file-height="4055" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Fridericianum" title="Fridericianum">Fridericianum</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:84px;max-width:84px"><div style="height:102px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kassel_asv2022-02_img37_StMartin_Church.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Kassel_asv2022-02_img37_StMartin_Church.jpg/82px-Kassel_asv2022-02_img37_StMartin_Church.jpg" decoding="async" width="82" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Kassel_asv2022-02_img37_StMartin_Church.jpg/123px-Kassel_asv2022-02_img37_StMartin_Church.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Kassel_asv2022-02_img37_StMartin_Church.jpg/164px-Kassel_asv2022-02_img37_StMartin_Church.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3625" data-file-height="4531" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/St_Martin%27s_Church,_Kassel" title="St Martin's Church, Kassel">St Martin's Church</a></div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flagge_Kassel.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Kassel"><img alt="Flag of Kassel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Flagge_Kassel.svg/100px-Flagge_Kassel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Flagge_Kassel.svg/150px-Flagge_Kassel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Flagge_Kassel.svg/200px-Flagge_Kassel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Flag</div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DEU_Kassel_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Kassel"><img alt="Coat of arms of Kassel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/DEU_Kassel_COA.svg/69px-DEU_Kassel_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="69" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/DEU_Kassel_COA.svg/103px-DEU_Kassel_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/DEU_Kassel_COA.svg/137px-DEU_Kassel_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="518" data-file-height="604" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Coat of arms</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center; height:5px;">Location of Kassel</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <div class="center" style="margin-top:1em"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 270px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="270" data-height="200" data-zoom="10" data-overlays="["_7c9a6bc26afd0476fea6bf5766a1fcea5f8d384d"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,a,a,270x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Kassel&revid=1275944607&groups=_7c9a6bc26afd0476fea6bf5766a1fcea5f8d384d" width="270" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,a,a,270x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Kassel&revid=1275944607&groups=_7c9a6bc26afd0476fea6bf5766a1fcea5f8d384d 2x" alt="Map" /></a></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Germany_adm_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kassel is located in Germany"><img alt="Kassel is located in Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Germany_adm_location_map.svg/250px-Germany_adm_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="296" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Germany_adm_location_map.svg/375px-Germany_adm_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Germany_adm_location_map.svg/500px-Germany_adm_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1073" data-file-height="1272" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:47.901%;left:39.979%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Kassel"><img alt="Kassel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div><span class="wrap">Kassel </span></div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Germany</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hesse_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kassel is located in Hesse"><img alt="Kassel is located in Hesse" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Hesse_location_map.svg/250px-Hesse_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="349" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Hesse_location_map.svg/375px-Hesse_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Hesse_location_map.svg/500px-Hesse_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="1040" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:18.054%;left:69.391%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Kassel"><img alt="Kassel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div><span class="wrap">Kassel </span></div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Hesse</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Kassel&params=51.3158_N_9.4979_E_type:city(204202)_region:DE-HE"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">51°18′57″N</span> <span class="longitude">9°29′52″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">51.3158°N 9.4979°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">51.3158; 9.4979</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/States_of_Germany" title="States of Germany">State</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hesse" title="Hesse">Hesse</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Regierungsbezirk" title="Regierungsbezirk">Admin. region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kassel_(region)" title="Kassel (region)">Kassel </a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Germany" title="Districts of Germany">District</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Urban_districts_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Urban districts of Germany">Urban district</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Lord_mayor" title="Lord mayor">Lord mayor</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">(2023–29) </span></th><td class="infobox-data">Sven Schoeller<sup id="cite_ref-mayor_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mayor-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Alliance_90/The_Greens" title="Alliance 90/The Greens">Greens</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Germany_by_population" title="List of cities in Germany by population">City</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">107 km<sup>2</sup> (41 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">167 m (548 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2022-12-31)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Germany_by_population" title="List of cities in Germany by population">City</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">204,202</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">1,900/km<sup>2</sup> (4,900/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">Metro</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">450,000</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Germany" title="Time in Germany">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B01:00" title="UTC+01:00">UTC+01:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Time" title="Central European Time">CET</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B02:00" title="UTC+02:00">UTC+02:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Summer_Time" title="Central European Summer Time">CEST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Postal_codes_in_Germany" title="Postal codes in Germany">Postal codes</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">34001–34134</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_dialling_codes_in_Germany" title="List of dialling codes in Germany">Dialling codes</a></th><td class="infobox-data">0561</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_Germany" title="Vehicle registration plates of Germany">Vehicle registration</a></th><td class="infobox-data">KS</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kassel.de">www<wbr />.kassel<wbr />.de</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><div style="border:4px solid #0177D3; line-height: 1.5; text-align: center;"> <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">UNESCO World Heritage Site</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Official name</th><td class="infobox-data">Bergpark Wilhelmshöhe</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data">Cultural</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Criteria</th><td class="infobox-data">(iii)(vi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Designated</th><td class="infobox-data">2013</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reference no.</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1413">https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1413</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kassel</a></b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">German pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="de-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Standard_German" title="Help:IPA/Standard German">[ˈkasl̩]</a></span> <span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/c\/c1\/De-Kassel.ogg\/De-Kassel.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"De-Kassel.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c1/De-Kassel.ogg/De-Kassel.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:De-Kassel.ogg" title="File:De-Kassel.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span>; in Germany, spelled <b>Cassel</b> until 1926<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) is a city on the <a href="/wiki/Fulda_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Fulda River">Fulda River</a> in <a href="/wiki/North_Hesse" title="North Hesse">northern</a> <a href="/wiki/Hesse" title="Hesse">Hesse</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Central_Germany_(geography)" title="Central Germany (geography)">central</a> Germany. It is the administrative seat of the <a href="/wiki/Regierungsbezirk" title="Regierungsbezirk">Regierungsbezirk</a> <a href="/wiki/Kassel_(region)" title="Kassel (region)">Kassel</a> and the district <a href="/wiki/Kassel_(district)" title="Kassel (district)">of the same name</a>, and had 201,048 inhabitants in December 2020. The former capital of the <a href="/wiki/States_of_Germany" title="States of Germany">state</a> of <a href="/wiki/Hesse-Kassel" class="mw-redirect" title="Hesse-Kassel">Hesse-Kassel</a>, it has many palaces and parks, including the <a href="/wiki/Bergpark_Wilhelmsh%C3%B6he" title="Bergpark Wilhelmshöhe">Bergpark Wilhelmshöhe</a>, which is a <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a>. Kassel is also known for the <i><a href="/wiki/Documenta" title="Documenta">documenta</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Art_exhibition" title="Art exhibition">exhibitions</a> of <a href="/wiki/Contemporary_art" title="Contemporary art">contemporary art</a>. Kassel has a <a href="/wiki/Public_university" title="Public university">public</a> <a href="/wiki/University_of_Kassel" title="University of Kassel">university</a> with 25,000 students (2018) and a multicultural population (39% of the citizens in 2017 had a migration background). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kassel&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Kassel" title="Timeline of Kassel">Timeline of Kassel</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ansicht_Kassel_(Braun_Hogenberg)_1572.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Ansicht_Kassel_%28Braun_Hogenberg%29_1572.jpg/250px-Ansicht_Kassel_%28Braun_Hogenberg%29_1572.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Ansicht_Kassel_%28Braun_Hogenberg%29_1572.jpg/375px-Ansicht_Kassel_%28Braun_Hogenberg%29_1572.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Ansicht_Kassel_%28Braun_Hogenberg%29_1572.jpg/500px-Ansicht_Kassel_%28Braun_Hogenberg%29_1572.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4672" data-file-height="1583" /></a><figcaption>Kassel, 16th century</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kassel-merian.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Kassel-merian.jpg/250px-Kassel-merian.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="205" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Kassel-merian.jpg/375px-Kassel-merian.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Kassel-merian.jpg/500px-Kassel-merian.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1575" data-file-height="1293" /></a><figcaption>A map of Kassel in 1648</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:KasselObereKoenigsstrasse2347.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/KasselObereKoenigsstrasse2347.jpg/220px-KasselObereKoenigsstrasse2347.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/KasselObereKoenigsstrasse2347.jpg/330px-KasselObereKoenigsstrasse2347.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/KasselObereKoenigsstrasse2347.jpg/440px-KasselObereKoenigsstrasse2347.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1704" data-file-height="2272" /></a><figcaption>Königsstrasse, the main shopping street</figcaption></figure> <p>Kassel was first mentioned in 913 AD, as the place where two <a href="/wiki/Deed" title="Deed">deeds</a> were signed by King <a href="/wiki/Conrad_of_Franconia" class="mw-redirect" title="Conrad of Franconia">Conrad I</a>. The place was called <i>Chasella</i> or <i>Chassalla</i> and was a fortification at a bridge crossing the <a href="/wiki/Fulda_(river)" title="Fulda (river)">Fulda river</a>. There are several yet unproven assumptions about the origin of the name. It could be derived from the ancient <i>Castellum Cattorum</i>, a castle of the Chatti, a German tribe that had lived in the area since Roman times. Another assumption is a portmanteau from Frankonian <i>cas</i>, meaning ‘valley’ or ‘recess’, and <i>sali</i> meaning ‘hall’ or ‘service building’, which can be interpreted as ‘(town) hall in a valley’. </p><p>A deed from 1189 certifies that Cassel had city rights, but the date when they were granted is not known. </p><p>The first castle in Kassel was constructed in 1277, later replaced by a Renaissance castle, the <a href="/wiki/Stadtschloss_Kassel" title="Stadtschloss Kassel">Kassel City Palace</a>, which burned down in 1811. </p><p>In 1567 the <a href="/wiki/Landgraviate_of_Hesse" title="Landgraviate of Hesse">Landgraviate of Hesse</a>, until then centered in <a href="/wiki/Marburg" title="Marburg">Marburg</a>, was divided among four sons, with <a href="/wiki/Landgraviate_of_Hesse-Kassel" title="Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel">Hesse-Kassel</a> (or Hesse-Cassel) becoming one of its successor states. Kassel was its capital and became a centre of <a href="/wiki/Calvinist" class="mw-redirect" title="Calvinist">Calvinist</a> Protestantism in Germany. Strong fortifications were built to protect the <a href="/wiki/Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant">Protestant</a> stronghold against Catholic enemies. Secret societies, such as <a href="/wiki/Rosicrucianism" title="Rosicrucianism">Rosicrucianism</a>, flourished, with Christian Rosenkreutz's work <i><a href="/wiki/Fama_Fraternitatis" title="Fama Fraternitatis">Fama Fraternitatis</a></i> first published in 1617. In 1685 Kassel became a refuge for 1,700 <a href="/wiki/Huguenot" class="mw-redirect" title="Huguenot">Huguenots</a>, who found shelter in the newly established borough of Oberneustadt. <a href="/wiki/Charles_I,_Landgrave_of_Hesse-Kassel" title="Charles I, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel">Landgrave Charles</a>, who was responsible for this humanitarian act, also ordered the construction of the <i>Oktogon</i> (<a href="/wiki/Hercules_monument_(Kassel)" title="Hercules monument (Kassel)">Hercules monument</a>) and of the <i><a href="/wiki/Orangerie_(Kassel)" title="Orangerie (Kassel)">Orangerie</a></i>. In the late 18th century Hesse-Kassel became infamous for selling mercenaries (<a href="/wiki/Hessian_(soldiers)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hessian (soldiers)">Hessians</a>) to the British crown to help suppress the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">American Revolution</a> and to finance the construction of palaces and the Landgrave's opulent lifestyle. </p><p>In the early 19th century the <a href="/wiki/Brothers_Grimm" title="Brothers Grimm">Brothers Grimm</a> lived in Kassel. They collected and wrote most of their <a href="/wiki/Fairy_tales" class="mw-redirect" title="Fairy tales">fairy tales</a> there. At that time, around 1803, the Landgraviate was elevated to a Principality and its ruler to <i><a href="/wiki/Prince-elector" title="Prince-elector">Prince-elector</a></i>. Shortly after, it was annexed by <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_I_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleon I of France">Napoleon</a> and in 1807 it became the capital of the short-lived <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Westphalia" title="Kingdom of Westphalia">Kingdom of Westphalia</a> under Napoleon's brother <a href="/wiki/J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_Bonaparte" title="Jérôme Bonaparte">Jérôme</a>. The Electorate was restored in 1813. </p><p>Having sided with Austria in the <a href="/wiki/Austro-Prussian_War" title="Austro-Prussian War">Austro-Prussian War</a> to gain supremacy in Germany, the principality was annexed by <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Prussia" title="Kingdom of Prussia">Prussia</a> in 1866. The Prussian administration united <a href="/wiki/Nassau_(duchy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nassau (duchy)">Nassau</a>, Frankfurt and Hesse-Kassel into the new Prussian province of <a href="/wiki/Hesse-Nassau" class="mw-redirect" title="Hesse-Nassau">Hesse-Nassau</a>. Kassel ceased to be a princely residence but soon developed into a major industrial centre as well as a major railway junction. <a href="/wiki/Henschel_%26_Son" title="Henschel & Son">Henschel & Son</a>, the largest railway <a href="/wiki/Locomotive" title="Locomotive">locomotive</a> manufacturer in Germany at the end of the nineteenth century, was based in Kassel. </p><p>In 1870, after the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sedan" title="Battle of Sedan">Battle of Sedan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_III" title="Napoleon III">Napoleon III</a> was sent as a prisoner to the <a href="/wiki/Wilhelmsh%C3%B6he_Palace" title="Wilhelmshöhe Palace">Wilhelmshöhe Palace</a> above the city. During World War I the German military headquarters were located in the Wilhelmshöhe Palace. In the late 1930s, Nazis destroyed <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_H%C3%BCbsch" title="Heinrich Hübsch">Heinrich Hübsch</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Kassel_Synagogue" title="Kassel Synagogue">Kassel Synagogue</a>. </p><p>During World War II Kassel was the headquarters for Germany's <a href="/wiki/Wehrkreis" class="mw-redirect" title="Wehrkreis">Wehrkreis</a> IX, and a local subcamp of <a href="/wiki/Dachau_concentration_camp" title="Dachau concentration camp">Dachau concentration camp</a> provided <a href="/wiki/Forced_labour" title="Forced labour">forced labour</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Kassel_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Kassel in World War II">Henschel facilities</a>, which included tank production plants.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There was also a camp for <a href="/wiki/Sinti" title="Sinti">Sinti</a> and <a href="/wiki/Romani_people" title="Romani people">Romani people</a> (see <i><a href="/wiki/Romani_Holocaust" title="Romani Holocaust">Romani Holocaust</a></i>).<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allied</a> prisoners of war from the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stalag_IX-A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stalag IX-A (page does not exist)">Stalag IX-A</a> <a href="/wiki/German_prisoner-of-war_camps_in_World_War_II" title="German prisoner-of-war camps in World War II">POW camp</a> were deployed to forced labour in the local arms industry in violation of the <a href="/wiki/Geneva_Conventions" title="Geneva Conventions">Geneva Conventions</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The most severe <a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Kassel_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Kassel in World War II">bombing of Kassel in World War II</a> destroyed 90% of the downtown area, and some 10,000 people were killed and 150,000 were made homeless.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2008)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Most of the casualties were civilians or wounded soldiers recuperating in local hospitals, whereas <a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Kassel_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Kassel in World War II">factories</a> survived the attack generally undamaged.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2008)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <a href="/wiki/Karl_Gerland" title="Karl Gerland">Karl Gerland</a> replaced the regional <a href="/wiki/Gauleiter" title="Gauleiter">Gauleiter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karl_Weinrich" title="Karl Weinrich">Karl Weinrich</a>, soon after the raid. </p><p>The Allied ground advance into Germany reached Kassel at the beginning of April 1945. The US 80th Infantry Division <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kassel_(1945)" title="Battle of Kassel (1945)">captured Kassel</a> in bitter house-to-house fighting during 1–4 April 1945, which included numerous German panzer-grenadier counterattacks, and resulted in further widespread devastation to bombed and unbombed structures alike.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Post-war" title="Post-war">Post-war</a>, most of the ancient buildings in the city centre were not restored, and large parts of the inner city area were completely rebuilt in the style of the 1950s. A few historic buildings, however, such as the <a href="/wiki/Fridericianum" title="Fridericianum">Museum Fridericianum</a> (see below), were restored. In 1949, the interim parliament ("<a href="/wiki/Parlamentarischer_Rat" title="Parlamentarischer Rat">Parlamentarischer Rat</a>") eliminated Kassel in the first round as a city to become the provisional capital of the <a href="/wiki/West_Germany" title="West Germany">Federal Republic of Germany</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn">Bonn</a> won). In 1964, the town hosted the fourth <i><a href="/wiki/Hessentag" title="Hessentag">Hessentag</a></i> state festival (again in 2013). In 1972 the Chancellor of West Germany <a href="/wiki/Willy_Brandt" title="Willy Brandt">Willy Brandt</a> and the prime minister of the German Democratic Republic <a href="/wiki/Willy_Stoph" class="mw-redirect" title="Willy Stoph">Willy Stoph</a> met in Wilhelmshöhe Palace for negotiations between the two German states. In 1991, the central rail station moved from "Hauptbahnhof" (<i>main station</i>) (today only used for regional trains) to "Kassel-Wilhelmshöhe". The city had a dynamic economic and social development in the recent years, reducing the unemployment rate by half and attracting many new citizens so that the population has grown constantly. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kassel&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Several international operating companies have factories or headquarters in the city (Volkswagen, Mercedes Benz, SMA, Wintershall, Krauss-Maffei Wegmann, Rheinmetall, Bombardier). The city is home of several hospitals; the public Klinikum Kassel is one of the largest hospitals in the federal state, offering a wide range of health services. </p> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:1608px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kassel_Panorama.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kassel 360° panorama view from the Tower of the Lutherkirche"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Kassel_Panorama.jpg/1600px-Kassel_Panorama.jpg" decoding="async" width="1600" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Kassel_Panorama.jpg/2400px-Kassel_Panorama.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Kassel_Panorama.jpg/3200px-Kassel_Panorama.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5350" data-file-height="506" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Kassel_Panorama.jpg" title="File:Kassel Panorama.jpg"> </a></div>Kassel 360° panorama view from the Tower of the Lutherkirche</div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kassel&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kassel is the largest city in the north of the <a href="/wiki/Federated_state" title="Federated state">federated state</a> of Hesse in the south-western part of Germany, about 70 kilometers northwest of the geographic center of Germany. </p><p>It is located on both sides of the river Fulda. Kassel's deepest point is in the north-eastern Fulda valley at 132.9 m above sea level. </p><p>The urban area of Kassel is divided into 23 local districts, each of which has a local council with a local mayor as chairman. The local councils are elected every five years by the population of the local districts. The local advisory board can be heard on all important issues affecting the local district. However, the final decision on a measure rests with the Kassel city council. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Neighboring_communities">Neighboring communities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kassel&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Neighboring communities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Around Kassel is the <a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Germany" title="Districts of Germany">administrative district</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/List_of_rural_districts_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="List of rural districts of Germany">Landkreis</a></i>) of <a href="/wiki/Landkreis_Kassel" class="mw-redirect" title="Landkreis Kassel">Landkreis Kassel</a>. The following cities and municipalities border the city of Kassel (starting clockwise in the north): <a href="/wiki/Ahnatal" title="Ahnatal">Ahnatal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vellmar" title="Vellmar">Vellmar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fuldatal" title="Fuldatal">Fuldatal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Staufenberg_(Reinhardswald)" title="Staufenberg (Reinhardswald)">Staufenberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Niestetal" title="Niestetal">Niestetal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kaufungen" title="Kaufungen">Kaufungen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lohfelden" title="Lohfelden">Lohfelden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fuldabr%C3%BCck" title="Fuldabrück">Fuldabrück</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baunatal" title="Baunatal">Baunatal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Schauenburg" title="Schauenburg">Schauenburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Habichtswald" title="Habichtswald">Habichtswald</a>. Of these, Vellmar and Fuldatal in the north, Kaufungen in the east, Lohfelden in the southeast and Baunatal in the south are growing ever closer to the urban area. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kassel&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Documenta_IX_Thomas_Sch%C3%BCtte_links.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Documenta_IX_Thomas_Sch%C3%BCtte_links.jpg/220px-Documenta_IX_Thomas_Sch%C3%BCtte_links.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Documenta_IX_Thomas_Sch%C3%BCtte_links.jpg/330px-Documenta_IX_Thomas_Sch%C3%BCtte_links.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Documenta_IX_Thomas_Sch%C3%BCtte_links.jpg/440px-Documenta_IX_Thomas_Sch%C3%BCtte_links.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3120" data-file-height="2192" /></a><figcaption>Installation by Thomas Schütte on the portico of the former <a href="/wiki/Residenzpalais_(Kassel)" title="Residenzpalais (Kassel)">Residenzpalais</a> during Documenta IX, 1992</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1558 the first German <a href="/wiki/Observatory" title="Observatory">observatory</a> was built in Kassel, and a later version from 1714 survives as the <a href="/wiki/Bellevue_Palace,_Kassel" title="Bellevue Palace, Kassel">Bellevue Palace</a>. The <i>Ottoneum</i>, the first permanent German theatre building, was built in 1604. The old building is today the Natural History Museum, and the now-called <a href="/wiki/Staatstheater_Kassel" title="Staatstheater Kassel">Staatstheater Kassel</a> is located in a nearby building that was constructed in the 1950s. Since 1927 Kassel has been home to <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A4renreiter" title="Bärenreiter">Bärenreiter</a>, one of the world's most important music publishers. </p><p>Since 1955 the <i><a href="/wiki/Documenta" title="Documenta">documenta</a></i>, an international <a href="/wiki/Art_exhibition" title="Art exhibition">exhibition</a> of <a href="/wiki/Modern_art" title="Modern art">modern</a> and <a href="/wiki/Contemporary_art" title="Contemporary art">contemporary art</a>, has been held regularly in Kassel. The <i>documenta</i> now takes place every five years. As a result of the <i>documenta 6</i> (1977), Kassel became the first town in the world to be illuminated by <a href="/wiki/Laser" title="Laser">laser</a> beams at night (Laserscape, by artist Horst H. Baumann). This laser installation is nowadays still visible at weekends. Artworks from former editions of the <i>documenta</i> (mainly sculptures) can be found in many places in Kassel; among those are the "<a href="/wiki/7000_Oaks" title="7000 Oaks">7000 Oaks</a>", a work of <a href="/wiki/Land_art" title="Land art">land art</a> by the German artist <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Beuys" title="Joseph Beuys">Joseph Beuys</a>. The latest/current edition of the <i>documenta</i>, known as "<i>documenta 15</i>", runs from 18 June until 25 September 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Climate">Climate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kassel&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kassel experiences an <a href="/wiki/Oceanic_climate" title="Oceanic climate">oceanic climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen</a>: <i>Cfb</i>) but not so far from marine climates, with a more notable <a href="/wiki/Continental_climate" title="Continental climate">continental</a> influence than <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>. Using the 1961–1990 normal and 0 °C isotherm, the city already had a <a href="/wiki/Humid_continental_climate" title="Humid continental climate">humid continental climate</a> (<i>Dfb</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-noaa_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-noaa-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Kassel (1991–2020 normals) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFC285; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.3<br />(55.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFA852; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.0<br />(62.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF7300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.8<br />(76.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF4E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.1<br />(86.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF4F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.0<br />(86.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF3E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.5<br />(90.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF2C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.1<br />(95.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF2B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.2<br />(95.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF3E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.5<br />(90.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF6400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.9<br />(80.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF8F1F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.7<br />(69.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFB871; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.8<br />(58.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF2B00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">35.2<br />(95.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #F7F7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.1<br />(37.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.5<br />(40.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFDEBE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.2<br />(48.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFBA76; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.4<br />(57.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF9D3C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.6<br />(65.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF8B17; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.3<br />(70.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF7B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.6<br />(74.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF7B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.6<br />(74.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF9C39; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.8<br />(65.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFC285; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.3<br />(55.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFECD9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.2<br />(45.0) </td> <td style="background: #F9F9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.5<br />(38.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFC184; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">13.4<br />(56.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #EBEBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.9<br />(33.6) </td> <td style="background: #EEEEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.4<br />(34.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFFBF8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.0<br />(41.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFDDBC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.3<br />(48.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFC184; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.4<br />(56.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFAF5F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.1<br />(61.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9F40; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.3<br />(64.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFA246; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.9<br />(64.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFBE7E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.8<br />(56.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFDEBE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.2<br />(48.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFFCFA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.8<br />(40.6) </td> <td style="background: #EDEDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.3<br />(34.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFDDBC; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">9.3<br />(48.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #DEDEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.6<br />(29.1) </td> <td style="background: #DFDFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.4<br />(29.5) </td> <td style="background: #EDEDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.2<br />(34.2) </td> <td style="background: #FEFEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.4<br />(39.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFE4C9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.4<br />(47.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFD1A4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.1<br />(52.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFC285; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.3<br />(55.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFC489; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.0<br />(55.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFDCBA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.5<br />(49.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFF5EB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.9<br />(42.6) </td> <td style="background: #F3F3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.3<br />(36.1) </td> <td style="background: #E1E1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.9<br />(30.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFF8F1; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">5.5<br />(41.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #7C7CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−19.7<br />(−3.5) </td> <td style="background: #7B7BFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−19.9<br />(−3.8) </td> <td style="background: #9292FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−15.6<br />(3.9) </td> <td style="background: #BEBEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−7.4<br />(18.7) </td> <td style="background: #D8D8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.7<br />(27.1) </td> <td style="background: #EDEDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.2<br />(34.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFFEFD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.6<br />(40.3) </td> <td style="background: #FEFEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.4<br />(39.9) </td> <td style="background: #EBEBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.9<br />(33.6) </td> <td style="background: #D7D7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.9<br />(26.8) </td> <td style="background: #A5A5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−12.0<br />(10.4) </td> <td style="background: #7E7EFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−19.4<br />(−2.9) </td> <td style="background: #7B7BFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−19.9<br />(−3.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #AEFFAE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">53.8<br />(2.12) </td> <td style="background: #B2FFB2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">46.6<br />(1.83) </td> <td style="background: #B2FFB2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">51.6<br />(2.03) </td> <td style="background: #C1FFC1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">39.7<br />(1.56) </td> <td style="background: #98FF98; color:#000000;" class="notheme">69.1<br />(2.72) </td> <td style="background: #96FF96; color:#000000;" class="notheme">67.6<br />(2.66) </td> <td style="background: #90FF90; color:#000000;" class="notheme">74.4<br />(2.93) </td> <td style="background: #A5FFA5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">60.1<br />(2.37) </td> <td style="background: #A8FFA8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">56.2<br />(2.21) </td> <td style="background: #A7FFA7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">58.4<br />(2.30) </td> <td style="background: #A0FFA0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">61.3<br />(2.41) </td> <td style="background: #99FF99; color:#000000;" class="notheme">68.2<br />(2.69) </td> <td style="background: #A5FFA5; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">706.6<br />(27.82) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 1.0 mm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #3232FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">16.6 </td> <td style="background: #2626FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">16.0 </td> <td style="background: #3939FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">16.0 </td> <td style="background: #5555FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.3 </td> <td style="background: #4949FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14.7 </td> <td style="background: #4949FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14.2 </td> <td style="background: #3D3DFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">15.7 </td> <td style="background: #4C4CFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14.5 </td> <td style="background: #5252FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.5 </td> <td style="background: #3939FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">16.0 </td> <td style="background: #1010FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">18.7 </td> <td style="background: #0606FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">20.1 </td> <td style="background: #3939FF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">188.5 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000B8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">85.0 </td> <td style="background: #0000C5; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">81.8 </td> <td style="background: #0000DC; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">75.7 </td> <td style="background: #0000F7; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">68.5 </td> <td style="background: #0000EF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">70.6 </td> <td style="background: #0000EC; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">71.4 </td> <td style="background: #0000EA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">71.9 </td> <td style="background: #0000EB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">71.7 </td> <td style="background: #0000D1; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">78.5 </td> <td style="background: #0000BA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">84.5 </td> <td style="background: #0000AF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">87.5 </td> <td style="background: #0000AE; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">87.7 </td> <td style="background: #0000D4; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">77.9 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #525252; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">45.3 </td> <td style="background: #858585; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">66.8 </td> <td style="background: #B6B660; color:#000000;" class="notheme">119.8 </td> <td style="background: #CFCF00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">169.5 </td> <td style="background: #D6D600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">196.8 </td> <td style="background: #D9D900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">201.4 </td> <td style="background: #D8D800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">204.2 </td> <td style="background: #D5D500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">192.4 </td> <td style="background: #C3C310; color:#000000;" class="notheme">144.1 </td> <td style="background: #ACAC99; color:#000000;" class="notheme">98.9 </td> <td style="background: #494949; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.9 </td> <td style="background: #404040; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">35.2 </td> <td style="background: #BABA48; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,515.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: <a href="/wiki/World_Meteorological_Organization" title="World Meteorological Organization">World Meteorological Organization</a><sup id="cite_ref-WMO_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WMO-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-noaa_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-noaa-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kassel&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1261442011">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1472</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">4,500</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1626</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">6,329</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+40.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1773</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">17,311</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+173.5%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1871</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">46,362</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+167.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1900</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">106,034</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+128.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1919</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">162,391</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+53.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1925</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">171,483</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+5.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1933</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">175,179</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1939</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">216,141</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+23.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1943</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">225,694</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+4.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1945</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">71,209</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−68.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1950</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">162,132</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+127.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1956</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">191,935</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+18.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1961</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">207,507</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+8.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1966</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">213,084</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+2.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1971</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">215,039</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1976</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">201,705</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−6.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1981</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">194,779</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−3.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1986</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">185,370</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−4.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1991</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">196,828</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+6.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1996</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">200,927</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2001</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">194,718</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−3.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2011</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">190,765</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−2.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2022</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">195,012</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.2%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">Population size may be affected by changes in administrative divisions. Source:<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Wikipedia_and_sources_that_mirror_or_use_it" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="This claim cites another Wikipedia article. Articles need references to reliable third-party sources. (August 2019)">circular reference</span></a></i>]</sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Kassel has a population of about 200,000 and is the 3rd largest city in <a href="/wiki/Hesse" title="Hesse">Hesse</a> state and the only large city in the North Hesse region. Kassel is often called the city that located on the center of Germany, due to its position; however, the real center of Germany is not far away. Kassel first reached its first population peak of over 100,000 in 1899 and its second in 1943 with about 225,000. Kassel was destroyed during World War II and became an industrial city in 1950s. Today, Kassel is home to a few companies and universities. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background:#efefef;">Rank </th> <th style="background:#efefef;">Nationality </th> <th style="background:#efefef;">Population (31 December 2022) </th></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>Turkey</td> <td>7,343 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td>Ukraine</td> <td>4,579 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td>Syria</td> <td>4,369 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td>Bulgaria</td> <td>3,446 </td></tr> <tr> <td>5</td> <td>Poland</td> <td>2,152 </td></tr> <tr> <td>6</td> <td>Italy</td> <td>1,531 </td></tr> <tr> <td>7</td> <td>Romania</td> <td>1,451 </td></tr> <tr> <td>8</td> <td>Croatia</td> <td>1,370 </td></tr> <tr> <td>9</td> <td>Somalia</td> <td>1,305 </td></tr> <tr> <td>10</td> <td>Afghanistan</td> <td>1,235 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sights">Sights</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kassel&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Sights"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Kassel_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Kassel in World War II">bombing raids of 1943</a> destroyed 90% of the city center. The city center was almost completely rebuilt during the 1950s and is a combination of renovated or reconstructed old buildings and architecture of the 1950s. Outside the city center, the suburbs are dominated by 19th-century architecture. Timber-framed old towns are situated in suburbs like Harleshausen and Bad Wilhelmshöhe. The oldest monument is the Druselturm; the Brüderkirche and the <a href="/wiki/St_Martin%27s_Church,_Kassel" title="St Martin's Church, Kassel">Martinskirche</a> are also, in part, of medieval origin. The towers of the Martinskirche are from the 1950s. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Churches">Churches</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kassel&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Churches"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="St._Martin,_Kassel"><span id="St._Martin.2C_Kassel"></span>St. Martin, Kassel</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kassel&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: St. Martin, Kassel"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The main Protestant church of Kassel, it was begun in 1364 and finished in 1462. Severely damaged by British bombing in 1943, it was later reconstructed in a more modern style between 1954 and 1958. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="St._Bonifatius,_Kassel"><span id="St._Bonifatius.2C_Kassel"></span>St. Bonifatius, Kassel</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kassel&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: St. Bonifatius, Kassel"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>St. Bonifatius was designed and built in 1956 by <a href="/wiki/Bieling_Architekten" title="Bieling Architekten">Josef Bieling</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bergpark_Wilhelmshöhe"><span id="Bergpark_Wilhelmsh.C3.B6he"></span>Bergpark Wilhelmshöhe</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kassel&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Bergpark Wilhelmshöhe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Bergpark_Wilhelmsh%C3%B6he" title="Bergpark Wilhelmshöhe">Bergpark Wilhelmshöhe</a></div><p>The complex includes Wilhelmshöhe Palace (with the Antiquities Collection and Old Masters), the Hercules monument, and the Lions Castle. <a href="/wiki/Wilhelmsh%C3%B6he_Palace" title="Wilhelmshöhe Palace">Wilhelmshöhe Palace</a> above the city was built in 1786, by landgrave Wilhelm IX of Hesse-Kassel. The palace is now a museum and houses an important collection of Graeco-Roman antiques and a fine gallery of paintings comprising the second largest collection of <a href="/wiki/Rembrandt" title="Rembrandt">Rembrandts</a> in Germany. It is surrounded by the beautiful <a href="/wiki/Bergpark_Wilhelmsh%C3%B6he" title="Bergpark Wilhelmshöhe">Bergpark Wilhelmshöhe</a> with many appealing sights. The complex was named a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wilhelmshoehe_-_Herkules_mit_Kaskaden.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Wilhelmshoehe_-_Herkules_mit_Kaskaden.jpg/220px-Wilhelmshoehe_-_Herkules_mit_Kaskaden.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="288" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Wilhelmshoehe_-_Herkules_mit_Kaskaden.jpg/330px-Wilhelmshoehe_-_Herkules_mit_Kaskaden.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Wilhelmshoehe_-_Herkules_mit_Kaskaden.jpg/440px-Wilhelmshoehe_-_Herkules_mit_Kaskaden.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2536" data-file-height="3324" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Hercules_monument_(Kassel)" title="Hercules monument (Kassel)">Herkules Monument</a> and water running down the cascades during the water features in the Bergpark of the <a href="/wiki/Wilhelmsh%C3%B6he_Palace" title="Wilhelmshöhe Palace">Wilhelmshöhe Palace</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kassel_asv2022-02_img07_Orangerie.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Kassel_asv2022-02_img07_Orangerie.jpg/220px-Kassel_asv2022-02_img07_Orangerie.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Kassel_asv2022-02_img07_Orangerie.jpg/330px-Kassel_asv2022-02_img07_Orangerie.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Kassel_asv2022-02_img07_Orangerie.jpg/440px-Kassel_asv2022-02_img07_Orangerie.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7755" data-file-height="2585" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Orangerie_(Kassel)" title="Orangerie (Kassel)">Orangerie</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Karlsaue" title="Karlsaue">Karlsaue</a> park</figcaption></figure><p>The <a href="/wiki/Hercules_monument_(Kassel)" title="Hercules monument (Kassel)">Hercules monument</a> is a huge octagonal stone structure carrying a giant replica of <a href="/wiki/Hercules" title="Hercules">Hercules "Farnese"</a> (now at Museo Archeologico Nazionale in Naples, Italy). From its base down to Wilhelmshöhe Palace runs a long set of artificial cascades which delight visitors during the summer months. Every Sunday and Wednesday afternoon at 14:30 (from May until October) the famous <a href="/wiki/Hercules_monument_(Kassel)" title="Hercules monument (Kassel)">water features</a> take place. They start at the Oktagon and during a one-hour walk through the park visitors can follow the water's way until they reach the lake of the Wilhelmshöhe Palace, where a fountain of about 50 metres (160 ft) marks the end of the spectacle. </p><p>The <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%B6wenburg_(Kassel)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Löwenburg (Kassel) (page does not exist)">Löwenburg</a></i> ("Lions Castle") is a replica of a medieval castle, also built during the reign of Wilhelm IX. After the <a href="/wiki/Franco-Prussian_War" title="Franco-Prussian War">Franco-Prussian War</a> of 1870–71 <a href="/wiki/Napol%C3%A9on_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoléon III">Napoléon III</a> was imprisoned in Wilhelmshöhe. In 1918, Wilhelmshöhe became the seat of the German Army High Command (OHL): it was there that the military commanders <a href="/wiki/Paul_von_Hindenburg" title="Paul von Hindenburg">Hindenburg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Erich_Ludendorff" title="Erich Ludendorff">Ludendorff</a> prepared the German capitulation. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Staatspark_Karlsaue_(Karlsaue_Park)"><span id="Staatspark_Karlsaue_.28Karlsaue_Park.29"></span>Staatspark Karlsaue (Karlsaue Park)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kassel&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Staatspark Karlsaue (Karlsaue Park)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Another large park and also part of the <a href="/wiki/European_Garden_Heritage_Network" title="European Garden Heritage Network">European Garden Heritage Network</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Karlsaue" title="Karlsaue">Karlsaue</a> along the Fulda River. Established in the 16th century, it is famous for the <a href="/wiki/Orangerie_(Kassel)" title="Orangerie (Kassel)">Orangerie</a>, a palace built in 1710 as a summer residence for the landgraves. Today, the Orangerie contains the Museum of Astronomy and Technology, with a scale model of the <a href="/wiki/Solar_System" title="Solar System">Solar System</a> spanning the entire park and beyond. In addition, the Park Schönfeld contains a small, municipal <a href="/wiki/Botanical_garden" title="Botanical garden">botanical garden</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Botanischer_Garten_Kassel" title="Botanischer Garten Kassel">Botanischer Garten Kassel</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Art_museums">Art museums</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kassel&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Art museums"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Europe's first public museum, the <a href="/wiki/Fridericianum" title="Fridericianum">Museum Fridericianum</a> was founded in 1779. By the end of the 19th century the museum held one of the largest collections of watches and clocks in the world. Other art museums in Kassel include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelmsh%C3%B6he_Palace" title="Wilhelmshöhe Palace">Wilhelmshöhe Palace</a> (Antiquities Collection and Old Masters: <a href="/wiki/Albrecht_D%C3%BCrer" title="Albrecht Dürer">Albrecht Dürer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Paul_Rubens" title="Peter Paul Rubens">Rubens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rembrandt_Harmenszoon_van_Rijn" class="mw-redirect" title="Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn">Rembrandt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frans_Hals" title="Frans Hals">Frans Hals</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anthony_van_Dyck" title="Anthony van Dyck">Anthony van Dyck</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Gallery_(Kassel)" title="New Gallery (Kassel)">New Gallery</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tischbein_family" title="Tischbein family">Tischbein family</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Beuys" title="Joseph Beuys">Joseph Beuys</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hessian_State_Museum,_Kassel" title="Hessian State Museum, Kassel">Hessisches Landesmuseum</a> (with a world-famous wallpaper collection).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_museums">Other museums</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kassel&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Other museums"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Museum of Natural History (in the Ottoneum building)</li> <li>Museum of physics and astronomy in the <a href="/wiki/Orangerie_(Kassel)" title="Orangerie (Kassel)">Orangerie</a></li> <li>Marmorbad (marble bath) in the <a href="/wiki/Orangerie_(Kassel)" title="Orangerie (Kassel)">Orangerie</a></li> <li>Caricatura (in the Hauptbahnhof Kassel)</li> <li>Museum of Local History</li> <li>Tram Museum Kassel</li> <li>Technical Museum and Henschel Museum</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Spohr" title="Louis Spohr">Louis Spohr</a> Museum (classical music composer) Museum in the <a href="/wiki/Bellevue_Palace,_Kassel" title="Bellevue Palace, Kassel">Bellevue Palace</a>, remaining part of the <a href="/wiki/Schloss_Bellevue_(Kassel)" title="Schloss Bellevue (Kassel)">Bellevueschloss palace complex</a></li> <li>Museum for Sepulchral Culture</li> <li>Museum of the Brothers Grimm (known as Grimmwelt Kassel)<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Museum of Modern Art (Neue Gallerie)<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Gemäldegallerie Kassel in the Wilhelmshöhe Palace (Schloss Wilhelmshöhe)<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Botanical Island (Insel Siebenbergen)<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sports">Sports</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kassel&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/KSV_Hessen_Kassel" title="KSV Hessen Kassel">Hessen Kassel</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">football</a> club in the city, who plays in the <a href="/wiki/Hessenliga" title="Hessenliga">Hessenliga</a> after being relegated from the <a href="/wiki/Regionalliga_S%C3%BCdwest" title="Regionalliga Südwest">Regionalliga Südwest</a> in the 2017/2018 season. The city's own football stadium, the <a href="/wiki/Auestadion" title="Auestadion">Auestadion</a> was built in 1953 and is able to hold 18,737 people. It is located in the south of Kassel at the quarter Südstadt, next to the Karlsaue. </p><p>Kassel has a long ice hockey tradition,<sup id="cite_ref-DW1_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DW1-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but it was not until 1977 that the Kassel ice rink (Eissporthalle) opened on a private initiative. The <a href="/wiki/Kassel_Huskies" class="mw-redirect" title="Kassel Huskies">Kassel Huskies</a> were founding members of the <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Eishockey_Liga" title="Deutsche Eishockey Liga">DEL</a> in 1994, belonging to the league from 1994 to 2006 and again from 2008 to 2010. In <a href="/wiki/1996%E2%80%9397_DEL_season" title="1996–97 DEL season">1997</a>, they were runners-up in the championship playoffs, losing to <a href="/wiki/Adler_Mannheim" title="Adler Mannheim">Adler Mannheim</a>, and reached the semi-finals on three more occasions. The Huskies ran into financial difficulties and dissolved in 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-DW1_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DW1-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The "Young Huskies", which is a junior and youth hockey club, decided to enter a men's team in the Hessenliga.<sup id="cite_ref-DW1_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DW1-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is the fifth division and the lowest men's competition in the state of <a href="/wiki/Hesse" title="Hesse">Hesse</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-DW1_18-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DW1-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The new club was expecting no more than 3,000 supporters for the first home game in the Hessenliga.<sup id="cite_ref-DW1_18-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DW1-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, they had over 5,000 supporters come to watch.<sup id="cite_ref-DW1_18-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DW1-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kassel&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kassel_asv2022-02_img46_Wilhelmsh%C3%B6he_tram_station.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Kassel_asv2022-02_img46_Wilhelmsh%C3%B6he_tram_station.jpg/220px-Kassel_asv2022-02_img46_Wilhelmsh%C3%B6he_tram_station.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Kassel_asv2022-02_img46_Wilhelmsh%C3%B6he_tram_station.jpg/330px-Kassel_asv2022-02_img46_Wilhelmsh%C3%B6he_tram_station.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Kassel_asv2022-02_img46_Wilhelmsh%C3%B6he_tram_station.jpg/440px-Kassel_asv2022-02_img46_Wilhelmsh%C3%B6he_tram_station.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6520" data-file-height="4347" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Kassel" title="Trams in Kassel">tram in Kassel</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Kassel has <a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Kassel" title="Trams in Kassel">seven tram lines</a> (1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8), with trams arriving usually every 15 minutes. The city also operates a light rail <a href="/wiki/Stadtbahn" title="Stadtbahn">Stadtbahn</a> network called <i><a href="/wiki/Kassel_RegioTram" title="Kassel RegioTram">RegioTram</a></i> using <a href="/wiki/Regio_Citadis" class="mw-redirect" title="Regio Citadis">Regio Citadis</a> low-floor trams which run on both tram and main line railway tracks with three lines (RT1, RT4, RT5). Moreover, a number of low-floor buses complete the Kassel public transport system. The introduction of low-floor buses led to the development of the <a href="/wiki/Kassel_kerb" title="Kassel kerb">Kassel kerb</a> which improves the <a href="/wiki/Accessibility" title="Accessibility">accessibility</a> at bus stops. </p><p>The city is connected to the <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Bahn" title="Deutsche Bahn">national rail network</a> at two stations, <a href="/wiki/Kassel_Hauptbahnhof" title="Kassel Hauptbahnhof">Kassel Central</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kassel-Wilhelmsh%C3%B6he_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Kassel-Wilhelmshöhe railway station">Kassel-Wilhelmshöhe</a>. The traditional central station (Hauptbahnhof) has been reduced to the status of a regional station since the opening of the <a href="/wiki/Hanover-W%C3%BCrzburg_high-speed_rail_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanover-Würzburg high-speed rail line">Hanover-Würzburg high-speed rail line</a> in 1991 and its station (Kassel-Wilhelmshöhe) on the high-speed line at which the <a href="/wiki/InterCityExpress" class="mw-redirect" title="InterCityExpress">InterCityExpress</a> (ICE) and <a href="/wiki/InterCity" title="InterCity">InterCity</a> services call as well as <a href="/wiki/Nightjet" title="Nightjet">Nightjet</a> and <a href="/wiki/Flixtrain" class="mw-redirect" title="Flixtrain">Flixtrain</a>. </p><p>Kassel is connected to the motorways <a href="/wiki/Bundesautobahn_7" title="Bundesautobahn 7">A 7</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bundesautobahn_49" title="Bundesautobahn 49">A 49</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bundesautobahn_44" title="Bundesautobahn 44">A 44</a>. </p><p>The city is served by <a href="/wiki/Kassel_Calden_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Kassel Calden Airport">Kassel Calden Airport</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics">Politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kassel&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mayor">Mayor</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kassel&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Mayor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The current mayor of Kassel is Sven Schoeller of <a href="/wiki/Alliance_90/The_Greens" title="Alliance 90/The Greens">Alliance 90/The Greens</a>, who was elected in March 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-mayor_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mayor-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He succeeded Christian Geselle (<a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" title="Social Democratic Party of Germany">SPD</a>), who had been in office since 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="City_council">City council</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kassel&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: City council"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2021_Kassel_City_Council_election.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/2021_Kassel_City_Council_election.svg/300px-2021_Kassel_City_Council_election.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="242" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/2021_Kassel_City_Council_election.svg/450px-2021_Kassel_City_Council_election.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/2021_Kassel_City_Council_election.svg/600px-2021_Kassel_City_Council_election.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="359" data-file-height="289" /></a><figcaption>Winning party by district in the 2021 city council election</figcaption></figure> <p>The Kassel city council (<i>Stadtverordnetenversammlung</i>) governs the city alongside the Mayor. The most recent city council election was held on 14 March 2021, and the results were as follows: </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:right; font-size: 95%;"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Party </th> <th>Lead candidate </th> <th>Votes </th> <th>% </th> <th>+/- </th> <th>Seats </th> <th>+/- </th></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#409A3C"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Alliance_90/The_Greens" title="Alliance 90/The Greens">Alliance 90/The Greens</a> (Grüne) </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Awet_Tesfaiesus" title="Awet Tesfaiesus">Awet Tesfaiesus</a> </td> <td>1,201,167 </td> <td>28.7 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 10.7 </td> <td>20 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 7 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#E3000F"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" title="Social Democratic Party of Germany">Social Democratic Party</a> (SPD) </td> <td align="left">Patrick Hartmann </td> <td>1,028,529 </td> <td>24.6 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 4.9 </td> <td>17 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 4 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#151518"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Union_of_Germany" title="Christian Democratic Union of Germany">Christian Democratic Union</a> (CDU) </td> <td align="left">Michael von Rüden </td> <td>802,551 </td> <td>19.2 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1.5 </td> <td>14 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#BE3075"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/The_Left_(Germany)" title="The Left (Germany)">Kasseler Left</a> (Left) </td> <td align="left">Violetta Bock </td> <td>469,800 </td> <td>11.2 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.6 </td> <td>8 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#FFED00"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Free_Democratic_Party_(Germany)" title="Free Democratic Party (Germany)">Free Democratic Party</a> (FDP) </td> <td align="left">Matthias Nölke </td> <td>236,057 </td> <td>5.6 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.0 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>±0 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#00A2DE"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Alternative_for_Germany" title="Alternative for Germany">Alternative for Germany</a> (AfD) </td> <td align="left">Sven Dreyer </td> <td>233,609 </td> <td>5.6 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 5.4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 4 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#F7A800"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Free_Voters" title="Free Voters">Free Voters</a> (FW) </td> <td align="left">Christian Klobuczynski </td> <td>94,443 </td> <td>2.3 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.7 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>±0 </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td align="left">Save the Bees </td> <td align="left">Bernd Hoppe </td> <td>77,703 </td> <td>1.9 </td> <td>New </td> <td>1 </td> <td>New </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#B5152B"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Die_PARTEI" title="Die PARTEI">Die PARTEI</a> (PARTEI) </td> <td align="left">Jennifer Rieger </td> <td>41,169 </td> <td>1.0 </td> <td>New </td> <td>1 </td> <td>New </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3">Valid votes </th> <th>61,687 </th> <th>95.7 </th> <th> </th> <th> </th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3">Invalid votes </th> <th>2,765 </th> <th>4.3 </th> <th> </th> <th> </th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3">Total </th> <th>64,452 </th> <th>100.0 </th> <th> </th> <th>71 </th> <th>±0 </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3">Electorate/voter turnout </th> <th>147,462 </th> <th>43.7 </th> <th><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.9 </th> <th> </th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="8">Source: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wahlen.statistik.hessen.de/k_2021/html/Gemeindewahl/VG611000">Statistics Hesse</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education_and_research">Education and research</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kassel&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Education and research"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Uni-Kassel-Diagonale.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Uni-Kassel-Diagonale.JPG/220px-Uni-Kassel-Diagonale.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Uni-Kassel-Diagonale.JPG/330px-Uni-Kassel-Diagonale.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Uni-Kassel-Diagonale.JPG/440px-Uni-Kassel-Diagonale.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2176" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/University_of_Kassel" title="University of Kassel">University of Kassel</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="University_of_Kassel">University of Kassel</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kassel&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: University of Kassel"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Kassel" title="University of Kassel">University of Kassel</a> is a public higher education institution and was founded in 1971 as a so-called reform university offering new and innovative models of teaching. It is the newest university in the state of <a href="/wiki/Hessen" class="mw-redirect" title="Hessen">Hessen</a> and has an urban and lively inner-city campus between the city center and the Northern city district, a typical working-class area with a multicultural population. There were 25,000 students enrolled at the university in 2018, 3381 of them non-Germans. Two hundred and twenty-four students obtained their doctorate from the university in 2017. </p><p>The university offers a wide range of study programs from organic agriculture to social work. Furthermore, it offers several English master's programs as well as two short-term international programs, the <a href="/wiki/International_Summer_University_(ISU)_Kassel" class="mw-redirect" title="International Summer University (ISU) Kassel">Summer University</a> and the <a href="/wiki/International_Winter_University_(IWU)_Kassel" class="mw-redirect" title="International Winter University (IWU) Kassel">Winter University</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Kunsthochschule_Kassel" title="Kunsthochschule Kassel">Kunsthochschule Kassel</a> (University of Fine Arts) is also part of the university with a satellite campus directly at the Karlsaue park in the Southern city district. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_institutions">Other institutions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kassel&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Other institutions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Kassel School of Medicine (KSM)</li> <li>YMCA University of Applied Sciences (CVJM-Hochschule)</li> <li>Fraunhofer-Institut für Windenergie und Energiesystemtechnik (IWES), the former Institut für Solare Energieversorgungstechnik (ISET)</li> <li>Fraunhofer-Institut für Bauphysik (IBP) Projektgruppe Kassel</li> <li>Forschungszentrum für Informationstechnik-Gestaltung (ITeG)</li> <li>International Center for Development and Decent Work (ICDD)<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Internationales Zentrum für Hochschulforschung Kassel (INCHER)</li> <li>Zentrum für Umweltbewusstes Bauen (ZUB)</li> <li>Center for Interdisciplinary Nanostructure Science and Technology (CINSaT)</li> <li>AG Friedensforschung</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Associations">Associations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kassel&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Associations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Volksbund Deutsche Kriegsgräberfürsorge <a href="/wiki/German_War_Graves_Commission" title="German War Graves Commission">German War Graves Commission</a></li> <li>Gesellschaft für Christlich-Jüdische Zusammenarbeit Kassel</li> <li>Spitzenverband der landwirtschaftlichen Sozialversicherung</li> <li>Deutsche Rentenversicherung Hessen</li> <li>Industrie- und Handelskammer Kassel (Chamber of Commerce Kassel)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Courts">Courts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kassel&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Courts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Several courts are located in Kassel, including: </p> <ul><li>the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Social_Court" title="Federal Social Court">Federal Social Court</a> (<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Bundessozialgericht</i></span>)</li> <li>Hessischer Verwaltungsgerichtshof (Administration Court of Hesse)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fiscal_Court_Hesse&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fiscal Court Hesse (page does not exist)">Fiscal Court Hesse</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hessisches_Finanzgericht" class="extiw" title="de:Hessisches Finanzgericht">de</a>]</span> (<i><a href="/wiki/Fiscal_Court_(Germany)" title="Fiscal Court (Germany)">Finanzgericht</a></i>)</li> <li>Sozialgericht Kassel (Social Court Kassel)</li> <li>Arbeitsgericht Kassel (Employment Court Kassel)</li> <li>Verwaltungsgericht Kassel</li> <li>Oberlandesgericht Frankfurt/Main in Kassel</li> <li>Landgericht Kassel (Regional Court Kassel)</li> <li>Amtsgericht Kassel and Staatsanwaltschaft Kassel (Local Court Kassel)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kassel&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Kassel" title="Category:People from Kassel">Category:People from Kassel</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Academia">Academia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kassel&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Academia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Helmut_Hasse" title="Helmut Hasse">Helmut Hasse</a> (1898–1979), fundamental theorist in algebra and number theory</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dieter_Koch-Weser" title="Dieter Koch-Weser">Dieter Koch-Weser</a> (1916–2015), professor, <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Medical_School" title="Harvard Medical School">Harvard Medical School</a> and <a href="/wiki/Harvard_School_of_Public_Health" class="mw-redirect" title="Harvard School of Public Health">Harvard School of Public Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Rosenzweig" title="Franz Rosenzweig">Franz Rosenzweig</a> (1886–1929), Jewish-German theologian, philosopher and translator</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Friedrich_Sartorius" title="Georg Friedrich Sartorius">Georg Friedrich Sartorius</a> (1765–1828), academia, research historian and economist</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Actors_and_entertainment">Actors and entertainment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kassel&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Actors and entertainment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Bandmann" class="mw-redirect" title="Daniel Bandmann">Daniel Bandmann</a> (1837–1905), actor-manager</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doris_Devrient" title="Doris Devrient">Doris Devrient</a> (1801–1882), actress and singer.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christine_Genast" title="Christine Genast">Christine Genast</a> (1798–1860), actress, singer and pianist.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubertus_Meyer-Burckhardt" title="Hubertus Meyer-Burckhardt">Hubertus Meyer-Burckhardt</a> (born 1956), television journalist and talk show host</li> <li><a href="/wiki/F._W._Murnau" title="F. W. Murnau">F. W. Murnau</a> (1888–1931), movie director in the <a href="/wiki/Silent_film" title="Silent film">silent era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Rudnik" title="Barbara Rudnik">Barbara Rudnik</a> (1958–2009), actress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Sander" title="Otto Sander">Otto Sander</a> (1941–2013), actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meryem_Sahra_Uzerli" class="mw-redirect" title="Meryem Sahra Uzerli">Meryem Sahra Uzerli</a> (born 1983), Turkish-German actress</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Artists_and_designers">Artists and designers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kassel&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Artists and designers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Bode" title="Arnold Bode">Arnold Bode</a> (1900–1977), architect, painter, designer, and founder of the documenta</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Louis_du_Ry" title="Simon Louis du Ry">Simon Louis du Ry</a> (1726–1799), architect</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Wilhelm_Arthur_Nahl" title="Hugo Wilhelm Arthur Nahl">Hugo Wilhelm Arthur Nahl</a> (1833–1899), artist who designed the <a href="/wiki/Seal_of_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Seal of California">Seal of California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albrecht_Rosengarten" title="Albrecht Rosengarten">Albrecht Rosengarten</a> (1809–1893), architect famous for synagogue buildings in Central Europe</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Business">Business</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kassel&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Business"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Kugelmann" title="Georges Kugelmann">Georges Kugelmann</a> (1809–1882), newspaper printer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horst_Paulmann" title="Horst Paulmann">Horst Paulmann</a> (born 1935), German-Chilean billionaire entrepreneur. He is founder and chairman of <a href="/wiki/Cencosud" title="Cencosud">Cencosud</a>, the largest retail chain in Chile and the third largest in Latin America</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Musicians">Musicians</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kassel&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Musicians"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Curti" title="Franz Curti">Franz Curti</a> (1854–1898), opera composer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andreas_Dippel" title="Andreas Dippel">Andreas Dippel</a> (1866–1932), operatic tenor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_H%C3%BClsbeck" class="mw-redirect" title="Chris Hülsbeck">Chris Hülsbeck</a> (born 1968), video game music composer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gertrud_Elisabeth_Mara" title="Gertrud Elisabeth Mara">Gertrud Elisabeth Mara</a> (1749–1833), operatic soprano</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel_Meyer_Japhet" title="Israel Meyer Japhet">Israel Meyer Japhet</a> (1818–1892) choral director in <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_am_Main" class="mw-redirect" title="Frankfurt am Main">Frankfurt am Main</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Spohr" title="Louis Spohr">Louis Spohr</a> (1784–1859), composer and violinist, commemorated by a museum in the city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Sporleder" title="Charlotte Sporleder">Charlotte Sporleder</a> (1836–1915), composer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_von_Soest" title="Johannes von Soest">Johannes von Soest</a> (1448–1506), medieval musician, music theorist, poet, and composer.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milky_Chance" title="Milky Chance">Milky Chance</a> (2013–present), <a href="/wiki/Band_(rock_and_pop)" title="Band (rock and pop)">band</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Politicians,_military_and_civil_servants"><span id="Politicians.2C_military_and_civil_servants"></span>Politicians, military and civil servants</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kassel&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Politicians, military and civil servants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holger_B%C3%B6rner" title="Holger Börner">Holger Börner</a> (1931–2006), politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Eichel" title="Hans Eichel">Hans Eichel</a> (born 1941), politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Werner_von_Fichte" title="Werner von Fichte">Werner von Fichte</a> (1896–1955), SA general and police chief</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philipp_Scheidemann" title="Philipp Scheidemann">Philipp Scheidemann</a> (1865–1939), briefly Germany's Chancellor after the First World War</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josias_von_Heeringen" title="Josias von Heeringen">Josias von Heeringen</a> (1850–1926), general</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_von_Porbeck" title="Heinrich von Porbeck">Heinrich von Porbeck</a>, major general, died at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Talavera" title="Battle of Talavera">Battle of Talavera</a> (1809)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johanna_Vogt" title="Johanna Vogt">Johanna Vogt</a> (1862–1944), <a href="/wiki/Suffragette" title="Suffragette">suffragette</a> and the first woman on the city council of Kassel starting in 1919</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kay-Achim_Sch%C3%B6nbach" title="Kay-Achim Schönbach">Kay-Achim Schönbach</a> (born 1965), retired Vice Admiral of the <a href="/wiki/German_Navy" title="German Navy">German Navy</a> and politician (<a href="/wiki/Values_Union" title="Values Union">Values Union</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Royalty_and_socialites">Royalty and socialites</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kassel&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Royalty and socialites"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_Bonaparte" title="Jérôme Bonaparte">Jérôme Bonaparte</a> (1784–1860), Prince, brother of <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_Bonaparte" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleon Bonaparte">Napoleon Bonaparte</a>, lived in Kassel while he was king of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Westphalia" title="Kingdom of Westphalia">Westphalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Amalia_of_Courland" title="Maria Amalia of Courland">Maria Amalia of Courland</a> (1653–1711), noblewoman, participated in creation of park at <a href="/wiki/Karlsaue" title="Karlsaue">Karlsaue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Charles_of_Hesse-Kassel" title="Prince Charles of Hesse-Kassel">Prince Charles of Hesse-Kassel</a> (1744–1836)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Frederick_of_Hesse-Kassel" title="Prince Frederick of Hesse-Kassel">Prince Frederick of Hesse-Kassel</a> (1747–1837)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Augusta_of_Hesse-Kassel" title="Princess Augusta of Hesse-Kassel">Princess and Landgravine Augusta of Hesse-Kassel</a> (1797–1889), consort to <a href="/wiki/Prince_Adolphus,_Duke_of_Cambridge" title="Prince Adolphus, Duke of Cambridge">Prince Adolphus, Duke of Cambridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landgravine_Charlotte_of_Hesse-Kassel" title="Landgravine Charlotte of Hesse-Kassel">Landgravine Charlotte of Hesse-Kassel</a> (1627–1686), noblewoman, member of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Hesse-Kassel" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Hesse-Kassel">House of Hesse-Kassel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_of_Hesse-Kassel" title="Louise of Hesse-Kassel">Louise of Hesse-Kassel</a> (1817–1898), princess of Hesse-Kassel, later queen consort of <a href="/wiki/Christian_IX_of_Denmark" title="Christian IX of Denmark">King Christian IX</a> of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Denmark" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_IV,_Landgrave_of_Hesse-Kassel" title="William IV, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel">William IV, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel</a> (1532–1592), the first <a href="/wiki/Landgrave" title="Landgrave">Landgrave</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Landgraviate_of_Hesse-Kassel" title="Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel">Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_I_of_Sweden" title="Frederick I of Sweden">Frederick I of Sweden</a> (1676–1751), King of Sweden and also Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Scientists_and_physicians">Scientists and physicians</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kassel&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Scientists and physicians"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Valerius_Cordus" title="Valerius Cordus">Valerius Cordus</a> (1515–1544) physician and botanist, authored <a href="/wiki/Pharmacopoeias" class="mw-redirect" title="Pharmacopoeias">pharmacopoeias</a> and herbals.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Armand_Strubberg" title="Friedrich Armand Strubberg">Friedrich Armand Strubberg</a> (1806–1889), merchant, physician, colonist in North America, direct descendant of <a href="/wiki/Frederick_I_of_Sweden" title="Frederick I of Sweden">Frederick I of Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justus_Carl_Hasskarl" title="Justus Carl Hasskarl">Justus Carl Hasskarl</a> (1809–1894), botanist specialising in <a href="/wiki/Pteridophytes" class="mw-redirect" title="Pteridophytes">Pteridophytes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bryophytes" class="mw-redirect" title="Bryophytes">Bryophytes</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Spermatophytes" class="mw-redirect" title="Spermatophytes">Spermatophytes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Claus" title="Carl Friedrich Claus">Carl Friedrich Claus</a> (1827–1900), chemist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Eugen_Fick" title="Adolf Eugen Fick">Adolf Eugen Fick</a> (1829–1901), physiologist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakob_Stilling" title="Jakob Stilling">Jakob Stilling</a> (1842–1915), ophthalmologist, son of <a href="/wiki/Benedict_Stilling" title="Benedict Stilling">Benedict Stilling</a>, surgeon, and brother of <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_Stilling" class="extiw" title="de:Heinrich Stilling">Heinrich Stilling</a>, pathologist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Kaiserling" title="Carl Kaiserling">Carl Kaiserling</a> (1869–1942), pathologist</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sports_2">Sports</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kassel&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leni_Junker" title="Leni Junker">Leni Junker</a> (1905–1997), sprinter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yunus_Mall%C4%B1" title="Yunus Mallı">Yunus Mallı</a> (born 1992), Turkish footballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annika_Mehlhorn" title="Annika Mehlhorn">Annika Mehlhorn</a> (born 1983), butterfly and medley swimmer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yona_Melnik" title="Yona Melnik">Yona Melnik</a> (born 1949), Israeli Olympic judoka</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carolin_Simon" title="Carolin Simon">Carolin Simon</a> (born 1992), footballer</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Writers_and_journalists">Writers and journalists</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kassel&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Writers and journalists"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Brothers_Grimm" title="Brothers Grimm">Brothers Grimm</a>, Jacob (1785–1863) and Wilhelm Grimm (1786–1859), academics, linguists, cultural researchers, and authors who collected folklore and published several collections as <a href="/wiki/Grimms%27_Fairy_Tales" title="Grimms' Fairy Tales">Grimms' Fairy Tales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helmut_Kollars" title="Helmut Kollars">Helmut Kollars</a> (born 1968), writer and illustrator</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Erich_Raspe" title="Rudolf Erich Raspe">Rudolf Erich Raspe</a> (1736–1794), <a href="/wiki/University_of_Kassel" title="University of Kassel">University of Kassel</a> librarian who fled to England after embezzling significant funds from <a href="/wiki/Frederick_II,_Landgrave_of_Hesse-Kassel" title="Frederick II, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel">Frederick II, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel</a>, and wrote (or compiled) <i><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Surprising_Adventures_of_Baron_Munchausen" class="extiw" title="s:The Surprising Adventures of Baron Munchausen">The Surprising Adventures of Baron Munchhausen</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Ludwig_Reissig" title="Christian Ludwig Reissig">Christian Ludwig Reissig</a> (1784–1847), romantic poet</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Reuter" title="Paul Reuter">Paul Reuter</a> (1816–1899), reporter, founder of the <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a> news agency</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucien_Scheler" title="Lucien Scheler">Lucien Scheler</a> (1902–1999), French poet, writer, and publisher</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anant_Kumar" class="mw-redirect" title="Anant Kumar">Anant Kumar</a> (born 1969), writer, journalist, translator and literary critic of Indian descent</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Others">Others</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kassel&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Others"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Herman_Lamm" title="Herman Lamm">Herman Lamm</a> (1890–1930), German-American bank robber</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norbert_Trelle" title="Norbert Trelle">Norbert Trelle</a> (born 1942), Roman Catholic German bishop</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nils_Seethaler" title="Nils Seethaler">Nils Seethaler</a> (born 1981), ethnologist</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kassel_asv2022-02_img21_Rathaus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Kassel_asv2022-02_img21_Rathaus.jpg/220px-Kassel_asv2022-02_img21_Rathaus.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Kassel_asv2022-02_img21_Rathaus.jpg/330px-Kassel_asv2022-02_img21_Rathaus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Kassel_asv2022-02_img21_Rathaus.jpg/440px-Kassel_asv2022-02_img21_Rathaus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6531" data-file-height="4082" /></a><figcaption>The city hall</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"><span id="Twin_towns_.E2.80.93_sister_cities"></span>Twin towns – sister cities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kassel&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Twin towns – sister cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_Germany" title="List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany">List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany</a></div> <p>Kassel is <a href="/wiki/Sister_city" title="Sister city">twinned</a> with:<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florence</a>, Italy (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitte" title="Mitte">Mitte (Berlin)</a>, Germany (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulhouse" title="Mulhouse">Mulhouse</a>, France (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rovaniemi" title="Rovaniemi">Rovaniemi</a>, Finland (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4ster%C3%A5s_Municipality" title="Västerås Municipality">Västerås</a>, Sweden (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaroslavl" title="Yaroslavl">Yaroslavl</a>, Russia (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnstadt" title="Arnstadt">Arnstadt</a>, Germany (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramat_Gan" title="Ramat Gan">Ramat Gan</a>, Israel (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kocaeli_Province" title="Kocaeli Province">Kocaeli</a>, Turkey (1999)</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kassel&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air-raid_shelter_am_Weinberg" title="Air-raid shelter am Weinberg">Air-raid shelter am Weinberg</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kassel&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kassel&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-mayor-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mayor_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mayor_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://statistik.hessen.de/sites/statistik.hessen.de/files/2023-04/BVII_m04-2023_Direktwahlen_Tabelle_1a.xlsx">"Ergebnisse der jeweils letzten Direktwahl von Landrätinnen und Landräte sowie (Ober-)Bürgermeisterinnen und (Ober-)Bürgermeister in Hessen, Stand 13.04.2023"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(XLS)</span> (in German). <a href="/wiki/Hessisches_Statistisches_Landesamt" class="mw-redirect" title="Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt">Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ergebnisse+der+jeweils+letzten+Direktwahl+von+Landr%C3%A4tinnen+und+Landr%C3%A4te+sowie+%28Ober-%29B%C3%BCrgermeisterinnen+und+%28Ober-%29B%C3%BCrgermeister+in+Hessen%2C+Stand+13.04.2023&rft.pub=Hessisches+Statistisches+Landesamt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstatistik.hessen.de%2Fsites%2Fstatistik.hessen.de%2Ffiles%2F2023-04%2FBVII_m04-2023_Direktwahlen_Tabelle_1a.xlsx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKassel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://statistik.hessen.de/sites/statistik.hessen.de/files/2023-06/ai2_j2022_bevoelkerung_tabelle_2.xlsx">"Bevölkerung in Hessen am 31.12.2022 nach Gemeinden"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(XLS)</span> (in German). <a href="/wiki/Hessisches_Statistisches_Landesamt" class="mw-redirect" title="Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt">Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt</a>. June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bev%C3%B6lkerung+in+Hessen+am+31.12.2022+nach+Gemeinden&rft.pub=Hessisches+Statistisches+Landesamt&rft.date=2023-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstatistik.hessen.de%2Fsites%2Fstatistik.hessen.de%2Ffiles%2F2023-06%2Fai2_j2022_bevoelkerung_tabelle_2.xlsx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKassel" class="Z3988"></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kassel.de/buerger/stadtgeschichte/lokales/von-cassel-zu-kassel.php">"Von Cassel zu Kassel"</a>. <i>kassel.de: Der offizielle Internetauftritt der Stadt Kassel</i> (in German)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=kassel.de%3A+Der+offizielle+Internetauftritt+der+Stadt+Kassel&rft.atitle=Von+Cassel+zu+Kassel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kassel.de%2Fbuerger%2Fstadtgeschichte%2Flokales%2Fvon-cassel-zu-kassel.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKassel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Edward Victor. <i>Alphabetical List of Camps, Subcamps and Other Camps.</i> www.edwardvictor.com/Holocaust/List %20 of % 20 camps. htm</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bundesarchiv.de/zwangsarbeit/haftstaetten/index.php?action=2.2&tab=7&id=1997">"Lager für Sinti und Roma Kassel"</a>. <i>Bundesarchiv.de</i> (in German)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bundesarchiv.de&rft.atitle=Lager+f%C3%BCr+Sinti+und+Roma+Kassel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bundesarchiv.de%2Fzwangsarbeit%2Fhaftstaetten%2Findex.php%3Faction%3D2.2%26tab%3D7%26id%3D1997&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKassel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMegargeeOvermansVogt2022" class="citation book cs1">Megargee, Geoffrey P.; Overmans, Rüdiger; Vogt, Wolfgang (2022). <i>The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos 1933–1945. Volume IV</i>. Indiana University Press, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. p. 451. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-253-06089-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-253-06089-1"><bdi>978-0-253-06089-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+United+States+Holocaust+Memorial+Museum+Encyclopedia+of+Camps+and+Ghettos+1933%E2%80%931945.+Volume+IV&rft.pages=451&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press%2C+United+States+Holocaust+Memorial+Museum&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=978-0-253-06089-1&rft.aulast=Megargee&rft.aufirst=Geoffrey+P.&rft.au=Overmans%2C+R%C3%BCdiger&rft.au=Vogt%2C+Wolfgang&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKassel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stanton, Shelby, <i>World War II Order of Battle: An Encyclopedic Reference to U.S. Army Ground Forces from Battalion through Division, 1939–1946</i>, Stackpole Books (Revised Edition 2006), p. 150</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://documenta-fifteen.de/en/">"documenta fifteen"</a>. <i>documenta fifteen</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=documenta+fifteen&rft.atitle=documenta+fifteen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdocumenta-fifteen.de%2Fen%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKassel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=83401&cityname=Kassel,+Germany">"Kassel, Germany Köppen Climate Classification (Weatherbase)"</a>. <i>Weatherbase</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Weatherbase&rft.atitle=Kassel%2C+Germany+K%C3%B6ppen+Climate+Classification+%28Weatherbase%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.weatherbase.com%2Fweather%2Fweather-summary.php3%3Fs%3D83401%26cityname%3DKassel%2C%2BGermany&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKassel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-noaa-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-noaa_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-noaa_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG_VI/DL/10438.TXT">"Kassel (10438) – WMO Weather Station"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">NOAA</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kassel+%2810438%29+%E2%80%93+WMO+Weather+Station&rft.pub=NOAA&rft_id=ftp%3A%2F%2Fftp.atdd.noaa.gov%2Fpub%2FGCOS%2FWMO-Normals%2FTABLES%2FREG_VI%2FDL%2F10438.TXT&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKassel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WMO-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WMO_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231012161019/https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Germany/CSV/Kassel_10438.csv">"World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991–2020"</a>. <i>World Meteorological Organization Climatological Standard Normals (1991–2020)</i>. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Germany/CSV/Kassel_10438.csv">the original</a> on 12 October 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Meteorological+Organization+Climatological+Standard+Normals+%281991%E2%80%932020%29&rft.atitle=World+Meteorological+Organization+Climate+Normals+for+1991%E2%80%932020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nodc.noaa.gov%2Farchive%2Farc0216%2F0253808%2F1.1%2Fdata%2F0-data%2FRegion-6-WMO-Normals-9120%2FGermany%2FCSV%2FKassel_10438.csv&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKassel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Einwohnerentwicklung_von_Kassel" class="extiw" title="de:Einwohnerentwicklung von Kassel">Link</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/news/1049">"Sites in Germany and Italy bring to 19 the number of sites inscribed on the World Heritage List this year"</a>. UNESCO World Heritage Organization. 23 June 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sites+in+Germany+and+Italy+bring+to+19+the+number+of+sites+inscribed+on+the+World+Heritage+List+this+year&rft.pub=UNESCO+World+Heritage+Organization&rft.date=2013-06-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fen%2Fnews%2F1049&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKassel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.grimmwelt.de">"Startseite: GRIMMWELT"</a>. <i>www.grimmwelt.de</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.grimmwelt.de&rft.atitle=Startseite%3A+GRIMMWELT&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.grimmwelt.de&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKassel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.museum-kassel.de/de/museen-schloesser-parks/neue-galerie">"neue galerie – Museumslandschaft Hessen Kassel"</a>. <i>www.museum-kassel.de</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.museum-kassel.de&rft.atitle=neue+galerie+%E2%80%93+Museumslandschaft+Hessen+Kassel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.museum-kassel.de%2Fde%2Fmuseen-schloesser-parks%2Fneue-galerie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKassel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.museum-kassel.de/de/museen-schloesser-parks/unesco-welterbe-bergpark-wilhelmshoehe/schloss-wilhelmshoehe">"schloss wilhelmshöhe – Museumslandschaft Hessen Kassel"</a>. <i>www.museum-kassel.de</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.museum-kassel.de&rft.atitle=schloss+wilhelmsh%C3%B6he+%E2%80%93+Museumslandschaft+Hessen+Kassel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.museum-kassel.de%2Fde%2Fmuseen-schloesser-parks%2Funesco-welterbe-bergpark-wilhelmshoehe%2Fschloss-wilhelmshoehe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKassel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.museum-kassel.de/de/museen-schloesser-parks/staatspark-karlsaue/insel-siebenbergen">"insel siebenbergen – Museumslandschaft Hessen Kassel"</a>. <i>www.museum-kassel.de</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.museum-kassel.de&rft.atitle=insel+siebenbergen+%E2%80%93+Museumslandschaft+Hessen+Kassel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.museum-kassel.de%2Fde%2Fmuseen-schloesser-parks%2Fstaatspark-karlsaue%2Finsel-siebenbergen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKassel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DW1-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DW1_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DW1_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DW1_18-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DW1_18-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DW1_18-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DW1_18-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,,14912617,00.html">"German hockey team skates from financial brink back to rink"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Welle" title="Deutsche Welle">Deutsche Welle</a></i>. 20 March 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 March</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Deutsche+Welle&rft.atitle=German+hockey+team+skates+from+financial+brink+back+to+rink&rft.date=2011-03-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw-world.de%2Fdw%2Farticle%2F0%2C%2C14912617%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKassel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://votemanager-ks.ekom21cdn.de/20170305/06611000/html5/Buergermeisterwahl_Hessen_143_Gemeinde_Stadt_Kassel.html">City of Kassel</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150211110519/http://www.uni-kassel.de/einrichtungen/icdd/home.html">"ICDD: Home"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uni-kassel.de/einrichtungen/icdd/home.html">the original</a> on 11 February 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ICDD%3A+Home&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uni-kassel.de%2Feinrichtungen%2Ficdd%2Fhome.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKassel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEisenberg1903" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Eisenberg, Ludwig (1903). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/0006/bsb00067974/images/index.html?id=00067974&groesser=&fip=193.174.98.30&no=&seite=204"><i>Ludwig Eisenberg's großes biographisches Lexikon der deutschen Bühne im XIX</i></a> (in German). Leipzig. pp. <span class="nowrap">188–</span>189.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ludwig+Eisenberg%27s+gro%C3%9Fes+biographisches+Lexikon+der+deutschen+B%C3%BChne+im+XIX.&rft.place=Leipzig&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E188-%3C%2Fspan%3E189&rft.date=1903&rft.aulast=Eisenberg&rft.aufirst=Ludwig&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdaten.digitale-sammlungen.de%2F0006%2Fbsb00067974%2Fimages%2Findex.html%3Fid%3D00067974%26groesser%3D%26fip%3D193.174.98.30%26no%3D%26seite%3D204&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKassel" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEisenberg1903" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Eisenberg_(writer)" title="Ludwig Eisenberg (writer)">Eisenberg, Ludwig</a> (1903). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ludwigeisenberg00eiseuoft/page/314/mode/2up"><i>Ludwig Eisenberg's großes biographisches Lexikon der deutschen Bühne im XIX. Jahrhundert</i></a> (in German). Leipzig: P. List. p. 314.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ludwig+Eisenberg%27s+gro%C3%9Fes+biographisches+Lexikon+der+deutschen+B%C3%BChne+im+XIX.+Jahrhundert&rft.place=Leipzig&rft.pages=314&rft.pub=P.+List&rft.date=1903&rft.aulast=Eisenberg&rft.aufirst=Ludwig&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fludwigeisenberg00eiseuoft%2Fpage%2F314%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKassel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kassel.de/buerger/rathaus_und_politik/rund-ums-rathaus/staedtepartnerschaften/index.php">"Städtepartnerschaften"</a>. <i>kassel.de</i> (in German). Kassel<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=kassel.de&rft.atitle=St%C3%A4dtepartnerschaften&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kassel.de%2Fbuerger%2Frathaus_und_politik%2Frund-ums-rathaus%2Fstaedtepartnerschaften%2Findex.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKassel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kassel&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Kassel#Bibliography" title="Timeline of Kassel">Bibliography of the history of Kassel</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kassel&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Kassel" class="extiw" title="commons:Kassel">Kassel</a> at Wikimedia Commons <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/16px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/24px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/32px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Kassel#Q2865" class="extiw" title="voy:Kassel">Kassel</a> travel guide from Wikivoyage </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stadtpanoramen.de/en/kassel/kassel.html">Kassel City Panoramas</a> – Panoramic views and Virtual Tours</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kassel.de/">Official website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kassel-marketing.de/en/home">Kassel Tourist Board</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/16px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/24px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/32px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Kassel#Q2865" class="extiw" title="voy:Kassel">Kassel</a> travel guide from Wikivoyage</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090804004021/http://uni-kassel.de/">University of Kassel</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sites.google.com/site/kasselstrassenkriminalitaet/">Street Crime Mapping Kassel 2009</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.clipfish.de/video/2694062/wasserspiele-in-kassel/">Video of the waterfeatures</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Places_adjacent_to_Kassel25" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Adjacent_communities" title="Template:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Adjacent_communities" title="Template talk:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent_communities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Places_adjacent_to_Kassel25" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Places adjacent to Kassel</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><table role="presentation" style="width:100%; margin:0; text-align:center;"><tbody><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Paderborn" title="Paderborn">Paderborn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Detmold" title="Detmold">Detmold</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bielefeld" title="Bielefeld">Bielefeld</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6ttingen" title="Göttingen">Göttingen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hildesheim" title="Hildesheim">Hildesheim</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hanover" title="Hanover">Hanover</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Salzgitter" title="Salzgitter">Salzgitter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Braunschweig" title="Braunschweig">Braunschweig</a></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="North"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/14px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/21px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/28px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/Dortmund" title="Dortmund">Dortmund</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wuppertal" title="Wuppertal">Wuppertal</a></td> <td style="width:33%;"> <div style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="West"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/17px-Pfeil_links.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/25px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/34px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span><b style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:middle; margin:0.75em 1em">Kassel</b><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="East"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/17px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/25px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/34px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div> </td> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/Erfurt" title="Erfurt">Erfurt</a>, Leipzig</td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="South"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/14px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/21px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/28px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Marburg" title="Marburg">Marburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gie%C3%9Fen" class="mw-redirect" title="Gießen">Gießen</a>, Frankfurt</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fulda" title="Fulda">Fulda</a></td> <td></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cities_in_Germany_by_population366" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cities_in_Germany" title="Template:Cities in Germany"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cities_in_Germany" title="Template talk:Cities in Germany"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cities_in_Germany" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cities in Germany"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cities_in_Germany_by_population366" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Germany_by_population" title="List of cities in Germany by population">Cities in Germany by population</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1,000,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cologne" title="Cologne">Cologne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">500,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bremen" title="Bremen">Bremen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dortmund" title="Dortmund">Dortmund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dresden" title="Dresden">Dresden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf">Düsseldorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essen" title="Essen">Essen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankfurt" title="Frankfurt">Frankfurt am Main</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanover" title="Hanover">Hanover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leipzig" title="Leipzig">Leipzig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuremberg" title="Nuremberg">Nuremberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuttgart" title="Stuttgart">Stuttgart</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">200,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen">Aachen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augsburg" title="Augsburg">Augsburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bielefeld" title="Bielefeld">Bielefeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bochum" title="Bochum">Bochum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn">Bonn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braunschweig" title="Braunschweig">Braunschweig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemnitz" title="Chemnitz">Chemnitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duisburg" title="Duisburg">Duisburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erfurt" title="Erfurt">Erfurt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freiburg_im_Breisgau" title="Freiburg im Breisgau">Freiburg im Breisgau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gelsenkirchen" title="Gelsenkirchen">Gelsenkirchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halle_(Saale)" title="Halle (Saale)">Halle (Saale)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karlsruhe" title="Karlsruhe">Karlsruhe</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kassel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiel" title="Kiel">Kiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krefeld" title="Krefeld">Krefeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCbeck" title="Lübeck">Lübeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magdeburg" title="Magdeburg">Magdeburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainz" title="Mainz">Mainz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mannheim" title="Mannheim">Mannheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnster" title="Münster">Münster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%B6nchengladbach" title="Mönchengladbach">Mönchengladbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oberhausen" title="Oberhausen">Oberhausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rostock" title="Rostock">Rostock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiesbaden" title="Wiesbaden">Wiesbaden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuppertal" title="Wuppertal">Wuppertal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">100,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bergisch_Gladbach" title="Bergisch Gladbach">Bergisch Gladbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bottrop" title="Bottrop">Bottrop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bremerhaven" title="Bremerhaven">Bremerhaven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darmstadt" title="Darmstadt">Darmstadt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erlangen" title="Erlangen">Erlangen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%BCrth" title="Fürth">Fürth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6ttingen" title="Göttingen">Göttingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCtersloh" title="Gütersloh">Gütersloh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hagen" title="Hagen">Hagen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamm,_North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="Hamm, North Rhine-Westphalia">Hamm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanau" title="Hanau">Hanau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heidelberg" title="Heidelberg">Heidelberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heilbronn" title="Heilbronn">Heilbronn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herne,_North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="Herne, North Rhine-Westphalia">Herne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hildesheim" title="Hildesheim">Hildesheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingolstadt" title="Ingolstadt">Ingolstadt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jena" title="Jena">Jena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaiserslautern" title="Kaiserslautern">Kaiserslautern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koblenz" title="Koblenz">Koblenz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leverkusen" title="Leverkusen">Leverkusen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwigshafen" title="Ludwigshafen">Ludwigshafen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moers" title="Moers">Moers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BClheim" title="Mülheim">Mülheim an der Ruhr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuss" title="Neuss">Neuss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Offenbach_am_Main" title="Offenbach am Main">Offenbach am Main</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oldenburg_(city)" title="Oldenburg (city)">Oldenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osnabr%C3%BCck" title="Osnabrück">Osnabrück</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paderborn" title="Paderborn">Paderborn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pforzheim" title="Pforzheim">Pforzheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam">Potsdam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recklinghausen" title="Recklinghausen">Recklinghausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regensburg" title="Regensburg">Regensburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remscheid" title="Remscheid">Remscheid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reutlingen" title="Reutlingen">Reutlingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saarbr%C3%BCcken" title="Saarbrücken">Saarbrücken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salzgitter" title="Salzgitter">Salzgitter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siegen" title="Siegen">Siegen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solingen" title="Solingen">Solingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trier" title="Trier">Trier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulm" title="Ulm">Ulm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolfsburg" title="Wolfsburg">Wolfsburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W%C3%BCrzburg" title="Würzburg">Würzburg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Germany" title="List of cities and towns in Germany">Complete list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Germany" title="List of municipalities in Germany">Municipalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_regions_in_Germany" title="Metropolitan regions in Germany">Metropolitan regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Germany_by_population" title="List of cities in Germany by population">Cities with more than 100,000 inhabitants</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="border&#124;30px&#124;Flag_of_Hesse_Urban_and_rural_districts_in_the_state_of_Hesse_in_Germany_border&#124;30px&#124;Flag_of_Germany1177" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th 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class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Hesse.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Hesse"><img alt="Flag of Hesse" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Hesse.svg/30px-Flag_of_Hesse.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Hesse.svg/45px-Flag_of_Hesse.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Hesse.svg/60px-Flag_of_Hesse.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> Urban and rural districts in the state of <a href="/wiki/Hesse" title="Hesse">Hesse</a> in Germany <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Germany.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Germany"><img alt="Flag of Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/30px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/45px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/60px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Kassel_government_region197" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Kassel_(region)" title="Kassel (region)">Kassel</a> <a href="/wiki/Regierungsbezirk" title="Regierungsbezirk">government region</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Germany" title="Districts of Germany">Urban Districts</a><br /><i>(<a href="/wiki/Kreisfreie_Stadt" class="mw-redirect" title="Kreisfreie Stadt">kreisfreie Städte</a>)</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kassel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rural districts<br /><i>(<a href="/wiki/Landkreis" class="mw-redirect" title="Landkreis">Landkreise</a>)</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fulda_(district)" title="Fulda (district)">Landkreis Fulda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hersfeld-Rotenburg" title="Hersfeld-Rotenburg">Landkreis Hersfeld-Rotenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kassel_(district)" title="Kassel (district)">Landkreis Kassel (rural district)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schwalm-Eder-Kreis" title="Schwalm-Eder-Kreis">Schwalm-Eder-Kreis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waldeck-Frankenberg" title="Waldeck-Frankenberg">Landkreis Waldeck-Frankenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Werra-Mei%C3%9Fner-Kreis" title="Werra-Meißner-Kreis">Werra-Meißner-Kreis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Darmstadt_government_region203" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Darmstadt_(region)" title="Darmstadt (region)">Darmstadt</a> <a href="/wiki/Regierungsbezirk" title="Regierungsbezirk">government region</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Germany" title="Districts of Germany">Urban Districts</a><br /><i>(<a href="/wiki/Kreisfreie_Stadt" class="mw-redirect" title="Kreisfreie Stadt">kreisfreie Städte</a>)</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Darmstadt" title="Darmstadt">Darmstadt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankfurt" title="Frankfurt">Frankfurt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Offenbach_am_Main" title="Offenbach am Main">Offenbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiesbaden" title="Wiesbaden">Wiesbaden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rural districts<br /><i>(<a href="/wiki/Landkreis" class="mw-redirect" title="Landkreis">Landkreise</a>)</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bergstra%C3%9Fe_(district)" title="Bergstraße (district)">Landkreis Bergstraße </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darmstadt-Dieburg" title="Darmstadt-Dieburg">Landkreis Darmstadt-Dieburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gro%C3%9F-Gerau_(district)" title="Groß-Gerau (district)">Landkreis Groß-Gerau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hochtaunuskreis" title="Hochtaunuskreis">Hochtaunuskreis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Main-Kinzig-Kreis" title="Main-Kinzig-Kreis">Main-Kinzig-Kreis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Main-Taunus-Kreis" title="Main-Taunus-Kreis">Main-Taunus-Kreis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odenwaldkreis" title="Odenwaldkreis">Odenwaldkreis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Offenbach_(district)" title="Offenbach (district)">Landkreis Offenbach </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rheingau-Taunus-Kreis" title="Rheingau-Taunus-Kreis">Rheingau-Taunus-Kreis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wetteraukreis" title="Wetteraukreis">Wetteraukreis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Giessen_government_region199" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Giessen_(region)" title="Giessen (region)">Giessen</a> <a href="/wiki/Regierungsbezirk" title="Regierungsbezirk">government region</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Germany" title="Districts of Germany">Urban Districts</a><br /><i>(<a href="/wiki/Kreisfreie_Stadt" class="mw-redirect" title="Kreisfreie Stadt">kreisfreie Städte</a>)</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">none</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rural districts<br /><i>(<a href="/wiki/Landkreis" class="mw-redirect" title="Landkreis">Landkreise</a>)</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Giessen_(district)" title="Giessen (district)">Landkreis Giessen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahn-Dill-Kreis" title="Lahn-Dill-Kreis">Lahn-Dill-Kreis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limburg-Weilburg" title="Limburg-Weilburg">Landkreis Limburg-Weilburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marburg-Biedenkopf" title="Marburg-Biedenkopf">Landkreis Marburg-Biedenkopf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vogelsbergkreis" title="Vogelsbergkreis">Vogelsbergkreis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Germany" title="Districts of Germany">Districts</a> of German states</b> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_of_Germany" title="List of districts of Germany">Full list</a>) <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Template:Germany districts Baden-Württemberg">Baden-Württemberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Bavaria" title="Template:Germany districts Bavaria">Bavaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Brandenburg" title="Template:Germany districts Brandenburg">Brandenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Bremen" title="Template:Germany districts Bremen">Bremen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Hesse" title="Template:Germany districts Hesse">Hesse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Lower_Saxony" title="Template:Germany districts Lower Saxony">Lower Saxony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Districts_of_Mecklenburg-Vorpommern" title="Template:Districts of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern">Mecklenburg-Vorpommern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="Template:Germany districts North Rhine-Westphalia">North Rhine-Westphalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Rhineland-Palatinate" title="Template:Germany districts Rhineland-Palatinate">Rhineland-Palatinate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Saarland" title="Template:Germany districts Saarland">Saarland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Saxony" title="Template:Germany districts Saxony">Saxony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Saxony-Anhalt" title="Template:Germany districts Saxony-Anhalt">Saxony-Anhalt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Schleswig-Holstein" title="Template:Germany districts Schleswig-Holstein">Schleswig-Holstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Thuringia" title="Template:Germany districts Thuringia">Thuringia</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2865#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1541" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2865#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1541" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2865#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/135976607">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJyxdTCh6Bx6c7QjFqDjG3">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4029869-3">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80043584">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119473215">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119473215">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Kassel (Německo)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge208032&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007564322205171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/7b612d6a-36ca-49b3-a321-aa0d07445e9e">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/081594097">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10044944">NARA</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kassel&oldid=1275944607">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kassel&oldid=1275944607</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cities_in_Hesse" title="Category:Cities in Hesse">Cities in Hesse</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Kassel" title="Category:Kassel">Kassel</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1849_establishments_in_the_German_Confederation" title="Category:1849 establishments in the German Confederation">1849 establishments in the German Confederation</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1840s_in_the_Electorate_of_Hesse" title="Category:1840s in the Electorate of Hesse">1840s in the Electorate of Hesse</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Establishments_in_the_Electorate_of_Hesse" title="Category:Establishments in the Electorate of Hesse">Establishments in the Electorate of Hesse</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Huguenot_history_in_Germany" title="Category:Huguenot history in Germany">Huguenot history in Germany</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Kassel_(region)" title="Category:Kassel (region)">Kassel (region)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Urban_districts_of_Hesse" title="Category:Urban districts of Hesse">Urban districts of 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