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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_names"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Other names</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Other_names-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Other names subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Other_names-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Slavic_instrument" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Slavic_instrument"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Slavic instrument</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Slavic_instrument-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span 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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Musical instrument</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Bladder fiddle</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bumbass_or_bladder_fiddle.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt=""King of the Bladder." Picture of a man on a box, holding a bladder fiddle." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Bumbass_or_bladder_fiddle.jpg/250px-Bumbass_or_bladder_fiddle.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="328" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Bumbass_or_bladder_fiddle.jpg/500px-Bumbass_or_bladder_fiddle.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="2612" data-file-height="3424" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">"King of the Bladder." A man stands on a box holding a two-string bladder-fiddle. The mid-1870s image, a caricature, shows a perception that something is wrong with the musician.</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #b0c4de"><a href="/wiki/String_instrument" title="String instrument">String instrument</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other names</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left">drone, drone-and-string, boomba, bumbass, stamp fiddle, stumpf fiddle, pogo cello, Devil's stick, Devil's violin, boom bass, hum strum, teufel stick, stomp stick, Teufelsgeige (German, devil's fiddle), Bettelgeige (German, beggar's fiddle), saubass (Austrian-German), luk muzycyny (Polish), Diabelskie skrzypce (Polish, Devil's fiddle), rabel (Spanish), basse de Flandre (French, Flanders fiddle).</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Musical_instrument_classification" title="Musical instrument classification">Classification</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left"><span></span> String, percussion</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Hornbostel%E2%80%93Sachs" title="Hornbostel–Sachs">Hornbostel–Sachs classification</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left"><br />(MIMO puts all bumbasses together, whether percussion or fiddles. Hornbostel-Sachs doesn't consider number of strings. Drums and bladders not considered for resonators (only gourds).<br /> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_musical_instruments_by_Hornbostel%E2%80%93Sachs_number:_311.221" title="List of musical instruments by Hornbostel–Sachs number: 311.221">311.22</a> True stick zithers.</dd></dl> <p><b>Other options</b> musical bows<br /> </p> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_musical_instruments_by_Hornbostel%E2%80%93Sachs_number:_311.121.221" title="List of musical instruments by Hornbostel–Sachs number: 311.121.221">311.121.221.71</a> Mono-heterochord musical bows - The bow has one heterochord string only, with attached resonator and no tuning noose. Played with a bow.</dd> <dd>311.122.1 Poly-heterochord musical bows - The bow has several heterochord strings, and no tuning noose.)</dd></dl> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #b0c4de"><a href="/wiki/Musical_instrument" title="Musical instrument">Related instruments</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span></span> <div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Batih" title="Batih">Batih</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Monkey_stick" title="Monkey stick">Monkey stick</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ugly_stick" title="Ugly stick">Ugly stick</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Pogo_cello" title="Pogo cello">Pogo cello</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_crescent" title="Turkish crescent">Turkish crescent</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Viol%C3%AD_de_bufa" title="Violí de bufa">Violí de bufa</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Whamola" title="Whamola">Whamola</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>bladder fiddle</b> was a <a href="/wiki/Folk_instrument" title="Folk instrument">folk instrument</a> used throughout Europe and in the Americas. The instrument was originally a simple large stringed fiddle (a <a href="/wiki/Musical_bow" title="Musical bow">musical bow</a>) made with a long stick, one or more thick gut <a href="/wiki/Strings_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Strings (music)">strings</a>, and a <a href="/wiki/Pig%27s_bladder" class="mw-redirect" title="Pig's bladder">pig's-bladder</a> resonator. It was bowed with either a notched stick or a horsehair <a href="/wiki/Bow_(music)" title="Bow (music)">bow</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Haigh_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Haigh-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The folk instrument was historically played by "wandering musicians" and beggars up to the early 19th century.<sup id="cite_ref-grove1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grove1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-dwdsbumbassdef_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dwdsbumbassdef-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although it may be used in serious folk music<sup id="cite_ref-puslineinfolk_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-puslineinfolk-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it has also been used for humor. </p><p>Changes in the instrument have produced two distinct modern variations. The traditional bowed instrument has been preserved into the 21st century in Lithuania as the <i>pusline</i><sup id="cite_ref-puslineinfolk_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-puslineinfolk-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (and possibly Estonia and Flanders), producing sustained or rhythmic <a href="/wiki/Drone_music" title="Drone music">droning</a> notes.<sup id="cite_ref-grove1_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grove1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The other variation, a percussion instrument, is used in folk music internationally, including Europe, North America and Australia, in which sound may imitate a drum roll and other percussive sounds.<sup id="cite_ref-grove1_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grove1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-walters_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-walters-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Evolution_from_fiddle_to_drum_set">Evolution from fiddle to drum set</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bladder_fiddle&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Evolution from fiddle to drum set"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The instrument was originally a fiddle. It used a flexible stick, a <a href="/wiki/Musical_bow" title="Musical bow">musical bow</a>, as the instrument's body and neck. The resonator, at first an inflated animal bladder, was held between the stick and the bowstring. Versions in Poland, Lithuania and the Netherlands had as many as three strings, but pictures of the Flanders fiddle and the <i>Nocturnal Serenade</i> by Jan Steen show monochords (single-stringed instruments). In this configuration, the fiddle is played by drawing the bow over the string or strings; pressing down on the string changes the note.<sup id="cite_ref-Haigh_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Haigh-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Having multiple strings allows a fiddler to accompany other instruments with simple patterns using one, two or three notes from <a href="/wiki/Musical_tuning#Open_strings" title="Musical tuning">open strings</a>. Some variants of the instrument show a flexible stick, making the bowed-instrument a musical bow. Others, such as the Estonian and Lithuanian instruments, have rigid sticks, making the instrument a bar or stick zither. </p><p>The instrument changed in some places. While the pig-bladder instrument can still be found in Lithuania today, in Holland the pig's bladder had been replaced by 1675 by a drum-like circle, wedged between the stick and a single gutstring, which resonated when the string was bowed. That version, the bumbass, was illustrated in the painting <i>Nocturnal Serendade</i>, by Dutch painter Jan Steen. </p><p>Immigrants to the United States brought the bumbass with them. In America, it used by the Pennsylvania Dutch culture of eastern Pennsylvania, United States, and still exists today, as the boomba, a percussion instrument. It may also be seen in Texas, at events celebrating local German heritage (such as the <a href="/wiki/Tomball,_Texas" title="Tomball, Texas">Tomball</a> German Heritage Festival).<sup id="cite_ref-boombabounce_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-boombabounce-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On percussion instruments, the drum has been turned sideways on the instrument and the string runs across it like the <a href="/wiki/Sound-table" class="mw-redirect" title="Sound-table">sound-table</a> on a <a href="/wiki/Spike_lute" class="mw-redirect" title="Spike lute">spike lute</a>. The string has been dropped in some cases, the bow stick becoming a drumstick and the instrument now a percussion instrument, called a boomba, stamp fiddle, stumpf fiddle, or pogo cello.<sup id="cite_ref-walters_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-walters-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also called Devil's stick, Devil's violin, boom bass, hum strum, teufel stick or stomp stick.<sup id="cite_ref-walters_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-walters-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the percussion instrument, the string may still have limited use as a chordophone, if it has been set up with a tuning peg to tighten the string; if used in this manner, the instrument is bowed with a notched stick, producing rough sounds. In some modern instruments, the string has been replaced by a long spring, solely a percussion instrument, and in other instruments the string has been dropped altogether. The Polish <a href="/w/index.php?title=Diabelskie_skrzypce&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diabelskie skrzypce (page does not exist)">Diabelskie skrzypce</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabelskie_skrzypce" class="extiw" title="pl:Diabelskie skrzypce">pl</a>]</sup> (Devil's fiddle) often has no string, but includes the memory of the instrument's past, by placing a violin-shaped piece of wood on the instrument. </p><p>This percussion version of the instrument is international, being used in Denmark (called the <i>Rumsterstang</i> or the <i>krigsdjaevel</i>, <abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">war devil</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>)<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-rose_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rose-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Germany as well as the United States. <i>Boomba</i> is highly likely to have come from German <i>Bumbaß</i> [pronounced "BOOM-bahss"]; <i>bum</i> possibly coming from an older form of <i>brummen</i> ("to hum") and <i>baß</i> ("bass", as in music).<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During World War I, German soldiers made Stumpf fiddles or <i>Teufelsgeiges</i> (<abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">devil's fiddles</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>), replacing the pig's bladder with a tin can for the resonator, and bowing with a notched stick. Other bowed instruments were created using a wooden box for the resonator. </p><p>Today, there are two types of the instrument, bowed and percussion. The Stumpf fiddle became a percussion instrument, beaten with a stick and stamped on the ground to shake attached wrattles, bells and cymbals. The instrument may have a string, or not. It is also called Devil's stick, pogo cello, boom-ba, boom bass, hum strum, devil's violin, teufel stick. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_names">Other names</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bladder_fiddle&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Other names"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It is known under different names; in <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> it was called the bumbass, Teufelsgeige (devil's fiddle) or Bettelgeige (beggar's fiddle).<sup id="cite_ref-dwdsbumbassdef_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dwdsbumbassdef-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Germany sometimes a bell or cymbal was added to the top for decoration or additional sound. In Austria it was called the saubass, in Spanish the <a href="/wiki/Rabel_(instrument)" title="Rabel (instrument)">rabel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-rose_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rose-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> it is the <i>basse de Flandre</i> (Flanders fiddle), and in <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a> a <a href="/wiki/Drone_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Drone (music)">drone</a>, "drone and string" or bladder fiddle. In England it was used by traveling musicians.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Venezuela, the bladder fiddle is known as "marimba, tarimba, guarumba, guasdua, and carangano".<sup id="cite_ref-Guss2000_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guss2000-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The name in Latvian is pūšļa vijole. In Lithuania, the instrument is the Pūslinė.<sup id="cite_ref-littlebird_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-littlebird-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Poland there is a variant that started as a costume accessory and has become a devil's violin, called the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Diabelskie_skrzypce&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diabelskie skrzypce (page does not exist)">Diabelskie skrzypce</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabelskie_skrzypce" class="extiw" title="pl:Diabelskie skrzypce">pl</a>]</sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Slavic_instrument">Slavic instrument</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bladder_fiddle&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Slavic instrument"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Slavic_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Slavic people">Slavic peoples</a> have a musical bow (Słowiański łuk muzyczny in Polish) which is pictured as having three strings (trzy struny).<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bladder_fiddle&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hornbostel-Sachs classification are first in captions, then place and date. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:La_Bass_de_la_Flanders.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="311.121.221. Flanders, 1600s. La Bass de la Flanders, in which the pig's bladder is attached to a handheld instrument, a musical bow."><img alt="311.121.221. Flanders, 1600s. La Bass de la Flanders, in which the pig's bladder is attached to a handheld instrument, a musical bow." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/La_Bass_de_la_Flanders.jpg/77px-La_Bass_de_la_Flanders.jpg" decoding="async" width="77" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/La_Bass_de_la_Flanders.jpg/115px-La_Bass_de_la_Flanders.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9e/La_Bass_de_la_Flanders.jpg 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="234" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">311.121.221. Flanders, 1600s. La Bass de la Flanders, in which the pig's bladder is attached to a handheld instrument, a <a href="/wiki/Musical_bow" title="Musical bow">musical bow</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bladder_fiddle.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bladder fiddle with a deflated bladder."><img alt="Bladder fiddle with a deflated bladder." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Bladder_fiddle.jpg/66px-Bladder_fiddle.jpg" decoding="async" width="66" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Bladder_fiddle.jpg/100px-Bladder_fiddle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Bladder_fiddle.jpg/133px-Bladder_fiddle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="344" data-file-height="619" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Bladder fiddle with a deflated bladder.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jan_Steen_-_Nocturnal_Serenade_-_WGA21755.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="311.121.221. Netherlands, c. 1675. Man in the foreground playing a "bumbass", from Nocturnal Serenade, by Jan Steen."><img alt="311.121.221. Netherlands, c. 1675. Man in the foreground playing a "bumbass", from Nocturnal Serenade, by Jan Steen." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Jan_Steen_-_Nocturnal_Serenade_-_WGA21755.jpg/120px-Jan_Steen_-_Nocturnal_Serenade_-_WGA21755.jpg" decoding="async" width="85" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Jan_Steen_-_Nocturnal_Serenade_-_WGA21755.jpg/250px-Jan_Steen_-_Nocturnal_Serenade_-_WGA21755.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">311.121.221. Netherlands, c. 1675. Man in the foreground playing a "bumbass", from <i>Nocturnal Serenade</i>, by Jan Steen.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Singing_Sam_of_Derbyshire,_image_by_W._Williams,_1760.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Circa 1760, Singing Sam of Derbyshire, with his instrument, made from a "fully-inflated cow's bladder."><img alt="Circa 1760, Singing Sam of Derbyshire, with his instrument, made from a "fully-inflated cow's bladder." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Singing_Sam_of_Derbyshire%2C_image_by_W._Williams%2C_1760.png/81px-Singing_Sam_of_Derbyshire%2C_image_by_W._Williams%2C_1760.png" decoding="async" width="81" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Singing_Sam_of_Derbyshire%2C_image_by_W._Williams%2C_1760.png/121px-Singing_Sam_of_Derbyshire%2C_image_by_W._Williams%2C_1760.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Singing_Sam_of_Derbyshire%2C_image_by_W._Williams%2C_1760.png/162px-Singing_Sam_of_Derbyshire%2C_image_by_W._Williams%2C_1760.png 2x" data-file-width="439" data-file-height="651" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Circa 1760, Singing Sam of <a href="/wiki/Derbyshire" title="Derbyshire">Derbyshire</a>, with his instrument, made from a "fully-inflated cow's bladder.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:World_War_One_Germans_playing_violin,_accordion_and_Teufelsgeige_or_Devil%27s_violin.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="311.22. Germany, 1917. Teufelsgeige, bowed with notched stick but also had element of percussion, metal plates on top"><img alt="311.22. Germany, 1917. Teufelsgeige, bowed with notched stick but also had element of percussion, metal plates on top" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/World_War_One_Germans_playing_violin%2C_accordion_and_Teufelsgeige_or_Devil%27s_violin.jpg/120px-World_War_One_Germans_playing_violin%2C_accordion_and_Teufelsgeige_or_Devil%27s_violin.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/World_War_One_Germans_playing_violin%2C_accordion_and_Teufelsgeige_or_Devil%27s_violin.jpg/250px-World_War_One_Germans_playing_violin%2C_accordion_and_Teufelsgeige_or_Devil%27s_violin.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="535" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">311.22. Germany, 1917. Teufelsgeige, bowed with notched stick but also had element of percussion, metal plates on top</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bass_made_from_a_box,_in_boom-ba_tradition.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bass made from a box, in bumbass tradition[4]"><img alt="Bass made from a box, in bumbass tradition[4]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Bass_made_from_a_box%2C_in_boom-ba_tradition.jpg/98px-Bass_made_from_a_box%2C_in_boom-ba_tradition.jpg" decoding="async" width="98" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Bass_made_from_a_box%2C_in_boom-ba_tradition.jpg/147px-Bass_made_from_a_box%2C_in_boom-ba_tradition.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Bass_made_from_a_box%2C_in_boom-ba_tradition.jpg/196px-Bass_made_from_a_box%2C_in_boom-ba_tradition.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2034" data-file-height="2494" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Bass made from a box, in bumbass tradition<sup id="cite_ref-dwdsbumbassdef_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dwdsbumbassdef-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bumbass,_Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="19th century boombass, from the Metropolitan Museum of Art. The bladder is shriveled up at the bottom."><img alt="19th century boombass, from the Metropolitan Museum of Art. The bladder is shriveled up at the bottom." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Bumbass%2C_Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art.jpg/60px-Bumbass%2C_Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art.jpg" decoding="async" width="53" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Bumbass%2C_Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art.jpg/120px-Bumbass%2C_Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1859" data-file-height="4197" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">19th century boombass, from the Metropolitan Museum of Art. The bladder is shriveled up at the bottom.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Modern_bowed_instrument">Modern bowed instrument</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bladder_fiddle&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Modern bowed instrument"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The original pig-bladder instrument is still played with a bow in Lithuania as a traditional folk instrument, called a Pūslinė.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-littlebird_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-littlebird-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Estonia has one as well, called the põispill.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The instrument has between 1-3 strings and can be tuned with tuning pegs.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stamps_of_Lithuania,_2012-06.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lithuanian pūslinė."><img alt="Lithuanian pūslinė." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Stamps_of_Lithuania%2C_2012-06.jpg/120px-Stamps_of_Lithuania%2C_2012-06.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Stamps_of_Lithuania%2C_2012-06.jpg/180px-Stamps_of_Lithuania%2C_2012-06.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Stamps_of_Lithuania%2C_2012-06.jpg/240px-Stamps_of_Lithuania%2C_2012-06.jpg 2x" data-file-width="573" data-file-height="569" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Lithuanian pūslinė.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Modern_percussion_instrument">Modern percussion instrument</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bladder_fiddle&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Modern percussion instrument"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Boom-ba.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Boom-ba.JPG/170px-Boom-ba.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="602" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Boom-ba.JPG/255px-Boom-ba.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Boom-ba.JPG/340px-Boom-ba.JPG 2x" data-file-width="582" data-file-height="2062" /></a><figcaption>A modern boomba or bumbass blurs the lines between the bumbass instruments and the Jingling Johnny-<a href="/wiki/Turkish_crescent" title="Turkish crescent">Turkish crescent</a>, by adding bells to the top.</figcaption></figure> <p>The modern boomba focuses heavily on loud percussion, typically consisting of a variety of percussion instruments attached to a wooden pole.<sup id="cite_ref-Jones_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jones-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The exact designs of a boomba vary, with much emphasis being put on the personalization of the boomba. Common features typically include a spring-loaded rubber base (much like a pogo stick), with percussion instruments such as bells and wood blocks attached.<sup id="cite_ref-Jones_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jones-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Boombas often also include a set of cymbals which crash as the boomba is bounced, and a tambourine which can be played with a drumstick or shaken as the boomba is played.<sup id="cite_ref-Jones_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jones-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The boomba is similar in nature to the "<a href="/wiki/Stumpf_fiddle" class="mw-redirect" title="Stumpf fiddle">stumpf fiddle</a>", though the stumpf fiddle generally lacks the loud crashing cymbal on top. It is this loud crash when bounced that makes the boomba distinct.<sup id="cite_ref-Jones_20-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jones-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An older, German variant of the stumpf fiddle and the boomba is the <i>Teufelsgeige</i> (<abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">Devil's fiddle</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>), which is decorated with a Devil's head at the top of the pole. </p><p>A modern percussion instrument in Friesland is called the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuttepiel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kuttepiel (page does not exist)">Kuttepiel</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuttepiel" class="extiw" title="fy:Kuttepiel">fy</a>]</sup>. A similar percussion instrument in Slovakia is the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ozembuch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ozembuch (page does not exist)">Ozembuch</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozembuch" class="extiw" title="sk:Ozembuch">sk</a>]</sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bumbass_advertisment,_1891.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Advertisement in 1891 in Leipzig, Germany for a bumbass"><img alt="Advertisement in 1891 in Leipzig, Germany for a bumbass" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Bumbass_advertisment%2C_1891.png/120px-Bumbass_advertisment%2C_1891.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="43" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Bumbass_advertisment%2C_1891.png/250px-Bumbass_advertisment%2C_1891.png 1.5x" data-file-width="892" data-file-height="323" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Advertisement in 1891 in Leipzig, Germany for a bumbass</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bumbass_advertisment,_Harbach_and_Company,_New_York_Clipper,_1894.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Advertisement in 1894, New York, for bumbass."><img alt="Advertisement in 1894, New York, for bumbass." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Bumbass_advertisment%2C_Harbach_and_Company%2C_New_York_Clipper%2C_1894.png/120px-Bumbass_advertisment%2C_Harbach_and_Company%2C_New_York_Clipper%2C_1894.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="47" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Bumbass_advertisment%2C_Harbach_and_Company%2C_New_York_Clipper%2C_1894.png/250px-Bumbass_advertisment%2C_Harbach_and_Company%2C_New_York_Clipper%2C_1894.png 1.5x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="217" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Advertisement in 1894, New York, for bumbass.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pogo_cello006.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="311.22. Modern pogo cello"><img alt="311.22. Modern pogo cello" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Pogo_cello006.jpg/120px-Pogo_cello006.jpg" decoding="async" width="82" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Pogo_cello006.jpg/250px-Pogo_cello006.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="435" data-file-height="633" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">311.22. Modern <a href="/wiki/Pogo_cello" title="Pogo cello">pogo cello</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Zesp%C3%B3%C5%82_kaszubski_%E2%80%9EKartuzy%E2%80%9D_z_Kartuz_na_V_Og%C3%B3lnopolskim_Festiwalu_Folklorystycznym_-_P%C5%82ock_-_000214n.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="311.22. Polish Diabelskie skrzypce [pl] (Devil's Fiddle)"><img alt="311.22. Polish Diabelskie skrzypce [pl] (Devil's Fiddle)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Zesp%C3%B3%C5%82_kaszubski_%E2%80%9EKartuzy%E2%80%9D_z_Kartuz_na_V_Og%C3%B3lnopolskim_Festiwalu_Folklorystycznym_-_P%C5%82ock_-_000214n.jpg/120px-Zesp%C3%B3%C5%82_kaszubski_%E2%80%9EKartuzy%E2%80%9D_z_Kartuz_na_V_Og%C3%B3lnopolskim_Festiwalu_Folklorystycznym_-_P%C5%82ock_-_000214n.jpg" decoding="async" width="81" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Zesp%C3%B3%C5%82_kaszubski_%E2%80%9EKartuzy%E2%80%9D_z_Kartuz_na_V_Og%C3%B3lnopolskim_Festiwalu_Folklorystycznym_-_P%C5%82ock_-_000214n.jpg/250px-Zesp%C3%B3%C5%82_kaszubski_%E2%80%9EKartuzy%E2%80%9D_z_Kartuz_na_V_Og%C3%B3lnopolskim_Festiwalu_Folklorystycznym_-_P%C5%82ock_-_000214n.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1293" data-file-height="1920" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">311.22. Polish <a href="/w/index.php?title=Diabelskie_skrzypce&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diabelskie skrzypce (page does not exist)">Diabelskie skrzypce</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabelskie_skrzypce" class="extiw" title="pl:Diabelskie skrzypce">pl</a>]</sup> (Devil's Fiddle)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Diabelskie_skrzypce_(Devil%27s_Fiddle).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="311.22. Polish percussion instrument called a Diabelskie skrzypce [pl] (Devil's Fiddle)"><img alt="311.22. Polish percussion instrument called a Diabelskie skrzypce [pl] (Devil's Fiddle)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Diabelskie_skrzypce_%28Devil%27s_Fiddle%29.jpg/59px-Diabelskie_skrzypce_%28Devil%27s_Fiddle%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="59" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Diabelskie_skrzypce_%28Devil%27s_Fiddle%29.jpg/88px-Diabelskie_skrzypce_%28Devil%27s_Fiddle%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Diabelskie_skrzypce_%28Devil%27s_Fiddle%29.jpg/117px-Diabelskie_skrzypce_%28Devil%27s_Fiddle%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="203" data-file-height="414" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">311.22. Polish percussion instrument called a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Diabelskie_skrzypce&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diabelskie skrzypce (page does not exist)">Diabelskie skrzypce</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabelskie_skrzypce" class="extiw" title="pl:Diabelskie skrzypce">pl</a>]</sup> (Devil's Fiddle)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Akoestinies_op_klompen_kuttepiel.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="311.22. A Dutch and Frisian Kuttepiel [fy]. No string but bumbass style tin-can."><img alt="311.22. A Dutch and Frisian Kuttepiel [fy]. No string but bumbass style tin-can." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Akoestinies_op_klompen_kuttepiel.JPG/90px-Akoestinies_op_klompen_kuttepiel.JPG" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Akoestinies_op_klompen_kuttepiel.JPG/135px-Akoestinies_op_klompen_kuttepiel.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Akoestinies_op_klompen_kuttepiel.JPG/180px-Akoestinies_op_klompen_kuttepiel.JPG 2x" data-file-width="583" data-file-height="777" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">311.22. A Dutch and Frisian <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuttepiel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kuttepiel (page does not exist)">Kuttepiel</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuttepiel" class="extiw" title="fy:Kuttepiel">fy</a>]</sup>. No string but bumbass style tin-can.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bumbass_-_SMV_-_F264_01.tif" class="mw-file-description" title="311.22. Germany, date unknown. Bumbass with cymbals and Turkish crescent hat on top."><img alt="311.22. Germany, date unknown. Bumbass with cymbals and Turkish crescent hat on top." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Bumbass_-_SMV_-_F264_01.tif/lossy-page1-80px-Bumbass_-_SMV_-_F264_01.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Bumbass_-_SMV_-_F264_01.tif/lossy-page1-119px-Bumbass_-_SMV_-_F264_01.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Bumbass_-_SMV_-_F264_01.tif/lossy-page1-159px-Bumbass_-_SMV_-_F264_01.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2353" data-file-height="3543" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">311.22. Germany, date unknown. Bumbass with cymbals and Turkish crescent hat on top.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bladder_fiddle&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bladder_pipe" title="Bladder pipe">Bladder pipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bar_zither" title="Bar zither">Bar zither</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jauram&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jauram (page does not exist)">Jauram</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jauram" class="extiw" title="et:Jauram">et</a>]</sup> Estonian instrument, percussion "umba"</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bladder_fiddle&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Haigh-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Haigh_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Haigh_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHaigh2008" class="citation web cs1">Haigh, Chris (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fiddlingaround.co.uk/Baltic/">"Baltic Fiddle"</a>. <i>Fiddling Around the World</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 December</span> 2020</span>. <q>sounded with a horsehair bow, and the pitch can be changed by pressing down on the string. It has little use as a melody instrument, but can be useful for providing a drone and rhythm accompaniment..."stumpf fiddle" or stomp stick</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fiddling+Around+the+World&rft.atitle=Baltic+Fiddle&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Haigh&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fiddlingaround.co.uk%2FBaltic%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABladder+fiddle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-grove1-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-grove1_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-grove1_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-grove1_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBaines1984" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Baines, Anthony C. (1984). "Bumbass". In Sadie, Stanley (ed.). <i>The New Grove Dictionary of Musical Instruments</i>. p. 285. Volume 1. <q>...used by wandering musicians up to the early 19th century...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Bumbass&rft.btitle=The+New+Grove+Dictionary+of+Musical+Instruments&rft.pages=285&rft.date=1984&rft.aulast=Baines&rft.aufirst=Anthony+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABladder+fiddle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFElschek" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Elschek, Oskar. "Ozembuch". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ludovakultura.sk/polozka-encyklopedie/ozembuch/"><i>Centrum pre tradičnú ľudovú kultúru</i></a>. <q>variable and multidimensional folk instrument of diverse sound, shape and character...an accompaniment to dancing, but it was mainly used by beggars and itinerant musicians as entertainment at fairs. Today, it is mainly used in the carnival parade of masks</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ozembuch&rft.btitle=Centrum+pre+tradi%C4%8Dn%C3%BA+%C4%BEudov%C3%BA+kult%C3%BAru&rft.aulast=Elschek&rft.aufirst=Oskar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ludovakultura.sk%2Fpolozka-encyklopedie%2Fozembuch%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABladder+fiddle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dwdsbumbassdef-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dwdsbumbassdef_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dwdsbumbassdef_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dwdsbumbassdef_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dwds.de/wb/Bumbass">"Bumbass"</a>. <i>Digital Dictionary of the German Language dwds.de</i>. Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 December</span> 2020</span>. <q>instrument (the beggar musicians)...a long stick, bent by a fixed gut string...sound box made of a cattle bladder or a box made of wood or metal...played with toothed piece of wood or short horsehair bow</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Digital+Dictionary+of+the+German+Language+dwds.de&rft.atitle=Bumbass&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dwds.de%2Fwb%2FBumbass&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABladder+fiddle" class="Z3988"></span>></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-puslineinfolk-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-puslineinfolk_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-puslineinfolk_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBaltic_Folk" class="citation web cs1">Baltic Folk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hMrumB7xMWE">"Bladder Fiddle / Bumbass & Samogitian Song | Pūslinė & Žemaitiška Daina "Padarė žvirblelis"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 April</span> 2024</span>. <q>[Video showing Lithuanian folk ensemble, with pusline played as a bass instrument]</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YouTube&rft.atitle=Bladder+Fiddle+%2F+Bumbass+%26+Samogitian+Song+%7C+P%C5%ABslin%C4%97+%26+%C5%BDemaiti%C5%A1ka+Daina+%22Padar%C4%97+%C5%BEvirblelis%22&rft.au=Baltic+Folk&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DhMrumB7xMWE&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABladder+fiddle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-walters-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-walters_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-walters_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-walters_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRonald_Walters" class="citation web cs1">Ronald Walters. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mrQhmQf1gZU">"Stumpf Fiddle - Devil's Stick"</a>. <i>youtube.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211219/mrQhmQf1gZU">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-12-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 December</span> 2020</span>. <q>[Video of man playing a Stumpf Fiddle, showing percussive sounds that the modern folk instrument can play.]</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=youtube.com&rft.atitle=Stumpf+Fiddle+-+Devil%27s+Stick&rft.au=Ronald+Walters&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DmrQhmQf1gZU&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABladder+fiddle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-boombabounce-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-boombabounce_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJones2017" class="citation web cs1">Jones, Greg L. (April 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/wyojones/33656234080/">"The Boom-ba Bounce"</a>. <q>Tomball German Heritage Festival in Tomball, Texas....The origin of the Boom-ba has been lost in the passage of time. Some believe it dates back to 18th or 19th century in the United States. The Dutch, Poles and Germans immigrants all claim to have originated it. The traditional Polish/German percussion instrument is made out of whatever materials immigrants had on hand. [note: talked to author, who said his information came from the lady in the photo that is part of the source for this quote.]</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Boom-ba+Bounce&rft.date=2017-04&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Greg+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.flickr.com%2Fphotos%2Fwyojones%2F33656234080%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABladder+fiddle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lauritz.com/en/auction/rumsterstang/i2252972/?ver=1o">"Rumsterstang. Lot number: 2252972"</a>. <i>lauritz.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 December</span> 2020</span>. <q>[Rumerstang sold at Danish auction, a percussion instrument without any strings]</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=lauritz.com&rft.atitle=Rumsterstang.+Lot+number%3A+2252972&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lauritz.com%2Fen%2Fauction%2Frumsterstang%2Fi2252972%2F%3Fver%3D1o&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABladder+fiddle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rose-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rose_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rose_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRose" class="citation web cs1">Rose, John. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130421165622/http://www.jonroseweb.com/c_articles_bumbass.html">"The bumbass, lagerphone, and tromba marina connection. A short history of the one string stick"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jonroseweb.com/c_articles_bumbass.html">the original</a> on 21 April 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+bumbass%2C+lagerphone%2C+and+tromba+marina+connection.+A+short+history+of+the+one+string+stick&rft.aulast=Rose&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jonroseweb.com%2Fc_articles_bumbass.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABladder+fiddle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEhrenwerth1992" class="citation book cs1">Ehrenwerth, Manfrid (1992). <i>Teufelsgeige und ländliche Musikkapellen in Westfalen</i>. Münster: F. Coppenrath Verlag. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3893259830" title="Special:BookSources/978-3893259830"><bdi>978-3893259830</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Teufelsgeige+und+l%C3%A4ndliche+Musikkapellen+in+Westfalen&rft.place=M%C3%BCnster&rft.pub=F.+Coppenrath+Verlag&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-3893259830&rft.aulast=Ehrenwerth&rft.aufirst=Manfrid&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABladder+fiddle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Baines</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Guss2000-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Guss2000_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDavid_M._Guss2000" class="citation book cs1">David M. Guss (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=A3KRKpQmDTQC&pg=PA188"><i>The Festive State: Race, Ethnicity, and Nationalism as Cultural Performance</i></a>. University of California Press. pp. 188–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-92486-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-92486-4"><bdi>978-0-520-92486-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Festive+State%3A+Race%2C+Ethnicity%2C+and+Nationalism+as+Cultural+Performance&rft.pages=188-&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-520-92486-4&rft.au=David+M.+Guss&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DA3KRKpQmDTQC%26pg%3DPA188&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABladder+fiddle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-littlebird-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-littlebird_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-littlebird_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBaltic_Folk" class="citation web cs1">Baltic Folk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hMrumB7xMWE">"Bladder Fiddle / Bumbass & Samogitian Song Pūslinė & Žemaitiška Daina "Padarė žvirblelis"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>youtube.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2020</span>. <q>]</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=youtube.com&rft.atitle=Bladder+Fiddle+%2F+Bumbass+%26+Samogitian+Song+P%C5%ABslin%C4%97+%26+%C5%BDemaiti%C5%A1ka+Daina+%22Padar%C4%97+%C5%BEvirblelis%22&rft.au=Baltic+Folk&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DhMrumB7xMWE&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABladder+fiddle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSobolewski2011" class="citation magazine cs1">Sobolewski, Zygmunt (April 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gadki.lublin.pl/gadki/artykul.php?nr_art=1879">"Ludowe instrumenty muzyczne Słowian ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem dorobku polskiego ludu"</a> [Folk musical instruments of the Slavs with particular emphasis on the achievements of the Polish people]. <i>Gadki Z Chatka</i>. No. 92 / 93.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gadki+Z+Chatka&rft.atitle=Ludowe+instrumenty+muzyczne+S%C5%82owian+ze+szczeg%C3%B3lnym+uwzgl%C4%99dnieniem+dorobku+polskiego+ludu&rft.issue=92+%2F+93&rft.date=2011-04&rft.aulast=Sobolewski&rft.aufirst=Zygmunt&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gadki.lublin.pl%2Fgadki%2Fartykul.php%3Fnr_art%3D1879&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABladder+fiddle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vle.lt/straipsnis/pusline-1/">"pūslinė"</a>. <i>Visuotine Lietuvieų Enciklopedija</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=p%C5%ABslin%C4%97&rft.btitle=Visuotine+Lietuvie%C5%B3+Enciklopedija&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vle.lt%2Fstraipsnis%2Fpusline-1%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABladder+fiddle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eki.ee/dict/ekss/index.cgi?Q=p%C3%B5ispill&F=M">"põis pill"</a>. <i>[EKSS] "Eesti keele seletav sõnaraamat" 2009 (translation: [EKSS] "Explanatory Dictionary of the Estonian Language" 2009) eki.ee</i>. <q>põis pill Sõnaveeb etn seapõiest resonaatori ja soolest v. nöörist keel(t)ega eesti rahvapill (translation: ethn pig bladder resonator and intestine v. Estonian folk instrument with stringed language (s))</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%5BEKSS%5D+%22Eesti+keele+seletav+s%C3%B5naraamat%22+2009+%28translation%3A+%5BEKSS%5D+%22Explanatory+Dictionary+of+the+Estonian+Language%22+2009%29+eki.ee&rft.atitle=p%C3%B5is+pill&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feki.ee%2Fdict%2Fekss%2Findex.cgi%3FQ%3Dp%25C3%25B5ispill%26F%3DM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABladder+fiddle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.limis.lt/en/eksponatai/perziura/-/exhibit/preview/228332386?s_id=0lntxADSM8rQALHn&s_ind=1007&valuable_type=EKSPONATAS">"Pūslinė (Poispillid) estų liaudies muzikos instrumentas"</a>. <q>Pūslinė (Poispillid) estų liaudies muzikos instrumentas. Kopija. Sudaryta iš pūslės su vamzdeliu, pritvirtintu ant rėmo, lanko tipo, kurio vienas galas atremiamas į žemę. Priešingas galas - galvutė, su vienu varžtu stygai įtempti. Stygos laikikliai pagaminti iš žarnų.(translation: Poispillid is an instrument of Estonian folk music. Copy. Consisting of a bladder with a tube attached to a frame, an arc type, one end of which is supported on the ground. The opposite end is the head, with one screw tensioning the strings.)</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=P%C5%ABslin%C4%97+%28Poispillid%29+est%C5%B3+liaudies+muzikos+instrumentas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.limis.lt%2Fen%2Feksponatai%2Fperziura%2F-%2Fexhibit%2Fpreview%2F228332386%3Fs_id%3D0lntxADSM8rQALHn%26s_ind%3D1007%26valuable_type%3DEKSPONATAS&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABladder+fiddle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ltinstrumentai.lt/en/instrumentai/styginiai/kiti-styginiai/">"Other string instruments"</a>. <i>Ancient Lithuanian Instruments ltinstrumentai.lt</i>. 2 November 2017. <q>Pūslinė is a string folk musical instrument played in ensembles...bass instrument which consists of a wooden stick, air-filled pig's bladder and intestines or small cords...1 to 3 strings...tuned using special wooden pegs.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ancient+Lithuanian+Instruments+ltinstrumentai.lt&rft.atitle=Other+string+instruments&rft.date=2017-11-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ltinstrumentai.lt%2Fen%2Finstrumentai%2Fstyginiai%2Fkiti-styginiai%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABladder+fiddle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLithuanian_Folk" class="citation web cs1">Lithuanian Folk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oBWVjL9pjcs">"#Polkutė #Kanklės #Lumzdelis #Pūslinė #Tramtatulis"</a>. <i>youtube.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211219/oBWVjL9pjcs">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-12-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 December</span> 2020</span>. <q>[2-string Pūslinė played as bass instrument in a folk-music ensemble.]</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=youtube.com&rft.atitle=%23Polkut%C4%97+%23Kankl%C4%97s+%23Lumzdelis+%23P%C5%ABslin%C4%97+%23Tramtatulis&rft.au=Lithuanian+Folk&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DoBWVjL9pjcs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABladder+fiddle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jones-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Jones_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jones_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jones_20-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jones_20-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGreg_L._Jones2017" class="citation web cs1">Greg L. Jones (April 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/wyojones/33656234080/">"The Boom-ba Bounce"</a>. <q>A boom-ba is spring loaded like a pogo stick and usually carries percussion tools like a wood block, a tambourine, a cow bell, assorted bells and drumming surfaces. It is played by bouncing the stick and hitting the various percussion elements with a drumstick...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Boom-ba+Bounce&rft.date=2017-04&rft.au=Greg+L.+Jones&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.flickr.com%2Fphotos%2Fwyojones%2F33656234080%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABladder+fiddle" class="Z3988"></span>></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ludovakultura.sk/polozka-encyklopedie/ozembuch/">"OZEMBUCH"</a>. Centrum pre tradičnú ľudovú kultúru (translation: Center for Traditional Folk Culture)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=OZEMBUCH&rft.pub=Centrum+pre+tradi%C4%8Dn%C3%BA+%C4%BEudov%C3%BA+kult%C3%BAru+%28translation%3A+Center+for+Traditional+Folk+Culture%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ludovakultura.sk%2Fpolozka-encyklopedie%2Fozembuch%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABladder+fiddle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMačak2015" class="citation web cs1">Mačak, Ivan (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.L2286231">"Ozembuch"</a>. Grove Music Online oxfordmusiconline.com/. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fgmo%2F9781561592630.article.L2286231">10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.L2286231</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ozembuch&rft.pub=Grove+Music+Online+oxfordmusiconline.com%2F&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fgmo%2F9781561592630.article.L2286231&rft.aulast=Ma%C4%8Dak&rft.aufirst=Ivan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1093%2Fgmo%2F9781561592630.article.L2286231&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABladder+fiddle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul><li>Anthony C. Baines. "Bumbass", <i><a href="/wiki/Grove_Dictionary_of_Music_and_Musicians" class="mw-redirect" title="Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians">Grove Music Online</a></i>, ed. L. Macy (accessed August 20, 2006), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.grovemusic.com/">grovemusic.com</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080516041031/http://www.grovemusic.com/">Archived</a> 2008-05-16 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (subscription access).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bladder_fiddle&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Anthony C. Baines. "Bumbass", <i><a href="/wiki/Grove_Dictionary_of_Music_and_Musicians" class="mw-redirect" title="Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians">Grove Music Online</a></i>, ed. L. Macy (accessed August 20, 2006), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.grovemusic.com/">grovemusic.com</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080516041031/http://www.grovemusic.com/">Archived</a> 2008-05-16 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (subscription access).</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mcall.com/1999/08/05/theyre-happy-they-play-the-boomba-and-theyre-dears/"><i>They're Happy They Play The Boomba And They're Dears</i></a>. August 5, 1999, by Kathy Lauer-Williams, The Morning Call</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190413115404/http://www.stumpffiddle.net/">StumpFiddle.net (website down, archived link)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_NlVo4OTX40"><i>Chip Bailey's Amazing Stumpf Fiddle Demonstration </i></a> at YouTube.com</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bladder_fiddle&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://i.pinimg.com/564x/e1/68/ad/e168ad3adffb8d5175b8fb514de2f9d5.jpg">Picture of Estonian Poispillids being played, from 1979</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hMrumB7xMWE">Music video with two-string bladder fiddle from Eastern Europe, appears to uses inflated bladder or close-looking substitute.</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150228091201/http://www.jonroseweb.com/c_articles_bumbass.html">The bumbass, lagerphone, and tromba marina connection - Jon Rose Web - Includes bumbass audio</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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href="/wiki/Bridge_(instrument)" title="Bridge (instrument)">Bridge</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3rd_bridge" title="3rd bridge">Third bridge</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chordophone" class="mw-redirect" title="Chordophone">Chordophone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Course_(music)" title="Course (music)">Course</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drone_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Drone (music)">Drone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enharmonic" class="mw-redirect" title="Enharmonic">Enharmonic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fingerboard" title="Fingerboard">Fingerboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fret" title="Fret">Fret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fundamental_frequency" title="Fundamental frequency">Fundamental</a>/<a href="/wiki/Harmonic_series_(music)" title="Harmonic series (music)">Harmonics</a>/<a href="/wiki/Overtone" title="Overtone">Overtones</a>/<a href="/wiki/String_harmonic" title="String harmonic">String harmonic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longitudinal_wave" title="Longitudinal wave">Longitudinal wave</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Long-string_instrument" title="Long-string instrument">Long-string instrument</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melde%27s_experiment" title="Melde's experiment">Melde's experiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mersenne%27s_laws" title="Mersenne's laws">Mersenne's laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monochord" title="Monochord">Monochord</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Music_On_A_Long_Thin_Wire" title="Music On A Long Thin Wire">Music On A Long Thin Wire</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Node_(physics)" title="Node (physics)">Node</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nut_(string_instrument)" title="Nut (string instrument)">Nut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reentrant_tuning" title="Reentrant tuning">Re-entry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scale_length_(string_instruments)" title="Scale length (string instruments)">Scale length</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound_board_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sound board (music)">Soundboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standing_wave" title="Standing wave">Standing wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/String_vibration" title="String vibration">String vibration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transverse_wave" title="Transverse wave">Transverse wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuning_mechanisms_for_stringed_instruments" title="Tuning mechanisms for stringed instruments">Tuning peg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Monochord" title="Monochord">Monochords</a> and<br /> <a href="/wiki/Musical_bow" title="Musical bow">musical bows</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahardin" title="Ahardin">Ahardin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berimbau" title="Berimbau">Berimbau</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bladder fiddle</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boom-ba" class="mw-redirect" title="Boom-ba">Boom-ba</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%C3%A0n_b%E1%BA%A7u" title="Đàn bầu">Đàn bầu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diddley_bow" title="Diddley bow">Diddley bow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duxianqin" title="Duxianqin">Duxianqin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ektara" title="Ektara">Ektara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ground_bow" title="Ground bow">Ground bow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ichigenkin" title="Ichigenkin">Ichigenkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jap_fiddle" title="Jap fiddle">Japanese fiddle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jew%27s_harp" title="Jew's harp">Jaw harp</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Genggong" title="Genggong">Genggong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gogona" title="Gogona">Gogona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temir_komuz" title="Temir komuz">Khomuz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kubing" title="Kubing">Kubing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morsing" title="Morsing">Morsing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mukkuri" title="Mukkuri">Mukkuri</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langeleik" title="Langeleik">Langeleik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesiba" title="Lesiba">Lesiba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masenqo" title="Masenqo">Masenqo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onavillu" title="Onavillu">Onavillu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalmodicon" title="Psalmodicon">Psalmodicon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tromba_marina" title="Tromba marina">Tromba marina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tumbi" title="Tumbi">Tumbi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umuduri" title="Umuduri">Umuduri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unitar_(instrument)" title="Unitar (instrument)">Unitar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washtub_bass" title="Washtub bass">Washtub bass</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox391" style="padding:3px"><table 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