CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en-US"> <head profile="http://gmpg.org/xfn/11"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge" /> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /> <title>Join a friend - Radio Society of Great Britain - Main Site : Radio Society of Great Britain – Main Site</title> <link rel="icon" href="https://rsgb.org/favicon.png" type="image/x-icon" /> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://rsgb.org/favicon.png" type="image/x-icon" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://rsgb.org/main/wp-content/themes/wp-clear321/style.css" type="text/css" media="screen" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://rsgb.org/main/wp-content/themes/wp-clear321/style-font.css" type="text/css" media="screen" />  <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://rsgb.org/main/wp-content/themes/wp-clear321/style-responsive.css" type="text/css" media="screen" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1" /> <link rel="pingback" href="https://rsgb.org/main/xmlrpc.php" /> <meta name='robots' content='max-image-preview:large' />  <link rel="canonical" href="https://rsgb.org/main/join-friend/" />  <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Radio Society of Great Britain - Main Site » Feed" href="https://rsgb.org/main/feed/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Radio Society of Great Britain - Main Site » Comments Feed" href="https://rsgb.org/main/comments/feed/" /> <script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ window._wpemojiSettings = {"baseUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/72x72\/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/svg\/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"https:\/\/rsgb.org\/main\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-emoji-release.min.js?ver=6.6.1"}}; /*! This file is auto-generated */ !function(i,n){var o,s,e;function c(e){try{var t={supportTests:e,timestamp:(new Date).valueOf()};sessionStorage.setItem(o,JSON.stringify(t))}catch(e){}}function p(e,t,n){e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(t,0,0);var t=new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data),r=(e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(n,0,0),new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data));return t.every(function(e,t){return e===r[t]})}function u(e,t,n){switch(t){case"flag":return n(e,"\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200d\u26a7\ufe0f","\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200b\u26a7\ufe0f")?!1:!n(e,"\ud83c\uddfa\ud83c\uddf3","\ud83c\uddfa\u200b\ud83c\uddf3")&&!n(e,"\ud83c\udff4\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc62\udb40\udc65\udb40\udc6e\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc7f","\ud83c\udff4\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc62\u200b\udb40\udc65\u200b\udb40\udc6e\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc7f");case"emoji":return!n(e,"\ud83d\udc26\u200d\u2b1b","\ud83d\udc26\u200b\u2b1b")}return!1}function f(e,t,n){var r="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope?new OffscreenCanvas(300,150):i.createElement("canvas"),a=r.getContext("2d",{willReadFrequently:!0}),o=(a.textBaseline="top",a.font="600 32px Arial",{});return e.forEach(function(e){o[e]=t(a,e,n)}),o}function t(e){var t=i.createElement("script");t.src=e,t.defer=!0,i.head.appendChild(t)}"undefined"!=typeof Promise&&(o="wpEmojiSettingsSupports",s=["flag","emoji"],n.supports={everything:!0,everythingExceptFlag:!0},e=new Promise(function(e){i.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",e,{once:!0})}),new Promise(function(t){var n=function(){try{var e=JSON.parse(sessionStorage.getItem(o));if("object"==typeof e&&"number"==typeof e.timestamp&&(new Date).valueOf()<e.timestamp+604800&&"object"==typeof e.supportTests)return e.supportTests}catch(e){}return null}();if(!n){if("undefined"!=typeof Worker&&"undefined"!=typeof OffscreenCanvas&&"undefined"!=typeof URL&&URL.createObjectURL&&"undefined"!=typeof Blob)try{var e="postMessage("+f.toString()+"("+[JSON.stringify(s),u.toString(),p.toString()].join(",")+"));",r=new Blob([e],{type:"text/javascript"}),a=new Worker(URL.createObjectURL(r),{name:"wpTestEmojiSupports"});return void(a.onmessage=function(e){c(n=e.data),a.terminate(),t(n)})}catch(e){}c(n=f(s,u,p))}t(n)}).then(function(e){for(var t in e)n.supports[t]=e[t],n.supports.everything=n.supports.everything&&n.supports[t],"flag"!==t&&(n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&n.supports[t]);n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&!n.supports.flag,n.DOMReady=!1,n.readyCallback=function(){n.DOMReady=!0}}).then(function(){return e}).then(function(){var e;n.supports.everything||(n.readyCallback(),(e=n.source||{}).concatemoji?t(e.concatemoji):e.wpemoji&&e.twemoji&&(t(e.twemoji),t(e.wpemoji)))}))}((window,document),window._wpemojiSettings); /* ]]> */ </script> <link rel='stylesheet' id='farbtastic-css' href='https://rsgb.org/main/wp-admin/css/farbtastic.min.css?ver=1.3u1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='wp-emoji-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> img.wp-smiley, img.emoji { display: inline !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; height: 1em !important; width: 1em !important; margin: 0 0.07em !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; background: none !important; padding: 0 !important; } </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-block-library-css' href='https://rsgb.org/main/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/style.min.css?ver=6.6.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='classic-theme-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> /*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} </style> <style id='global-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> :root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;} :where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;} :where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;} :root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='page-list-style-css' href='https://rsgb.org/main/wp-content/plugins/page-list/css/page-list.css?ver=5.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='post-tiles-css' href='https://rsgb.org/main/wp-content/plugins/post-tiles/post-tiles.css?ver=1504795144' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wpsm_ac-font-awesome-front-css' href='https://rsgb.org/main/wp-content/plugins/responsive-accordion-and-collapse/css/font-awesome/css/font-awesome.min.css?ver=6.6.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wpsm_ac_bootstrap-front-css' href='https://rsgb.org/main/wp-content/plugins/responsive-accordion-and-collapse/css/bootstrap-front.css?ver=6.6.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='flxmap-css' href='https://rsgb.org/main/wp-content/plugins/wp-flexible-map/css/styles.css?ver=1.9.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='tm-lcptu-styles-css' href='https://rsgb.org/main/wp-content/plugins/latest-custom-post-type-updates/css/tm_lcptu_basic_styles.css?ver=1.3.0' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='cmplz-general-css' href='https://rsgb.org/main/wp-content/plugins/complianz-gdpr/assets/css/cookieblocker.min.css?ver=6.5.0' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='megamenu-css' href='https://rsgb.org/main/files/maxmegamenu/style.css?ver=0dbe42' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='dashicons-css' href='https://rsgb.org/main/wp-includes/css/dashicons.min.css?ver=6.6.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='woodojo_tabs-css' href='https://rsgb.org/main/wp-content/plugins/woodojo/bundled/woodojo-tabs/assets/css/style.css?ver=6.6.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='tablepress-default-css' href='https://rsgb.org/main/files/tablepress-combined.min.css?ver=56' type='text/css' media='all' /> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://rsgb.org/main/wp-content/plugins/wpchameleon/js/wpchameleon.js?ver=6.6.1" id="wpchameleonjs-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://rsgb.org/main/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js?ver=3.7.1" id="jquery-core-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://rsgb.org/main/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js?ver=3.4.1" id="jquery-migrate-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://rsgb.org/main/wp-content/plugins/woodojo/bundled/woodojo-tabs/assets/js/functions.js?ver=1.0.0" id="woodojo_tabs-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://rsgb.org/main/wp-content/themes/wp-clear321/js/external.js?ver=6.6.1" id="external-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://rsgb.org/main/wp-content/themes/wp-clear321/js/suckerfish.js?ver=6.6.1" id="suckerfish-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://rsgb.org/main/wp-content/themes/wp-clear321/js/suckerfish-cat.js?ver=6.6.1" id="suckerfish-cat-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://rsgb.org/main/wp-content/themes/wp-clear321/js/jquery.mobilemenu.js?ver=6.6.1" id="mobilmenu-js"></script> <link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://rsgb.org/main/wp-json/" /><link rel="alternate" title="JSON" type="application/json" href="https://rsgb.org/main/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/34231" /><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://rsgb.org/main/xmlrpc.php?rsd" /> <link rel='shortlink' href='https://rsgb.org/main/?p=34231' /> <link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (JSON)" type="application/json+oembed" href="https://rsgb.org/main/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Frsgb.org%2Fmain%2Fjoin-friend%2F" /> <link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (XML)" type="text/xml+oembed" href="https://rsgb.org/main/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Frsgb.org%2Fmain%2Fjoin-friend%2F&format=xml" /> <style type="text/css"title="<?php esc_attr(WPC1); ?>"id=WPChameleon_1 disabled > /**/ </style> <style type="text/css"title="<?php esc_attr(WPC2); ?>"id=WPChameleon_2 disabled > /*WPChameleonCommentStartwidescreen statementsWPChameleonCommentEnd #wrap, #footer-widgets , #footer, .limit, #contentleft , #contentright { max-width:2580px !important; } @media only screen and (min-width: 961px) and (max-width: 1280px) { #wrap{ width: 97%; } #contentleft{ width: 69.5%; } #contentright { width: 29.5%; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 1281px) { #wrap{ width: 97%; } #contentleft { width: 74.5%; } #contentright { width: 24.5%; } }*/ </style> <style type="text/css"title="<?php esc_attr(WPC3); ?>"id=WPChameleon_3 disabled > /*WPChameleonCommentStartbigger text statementsWPChameleonCommentEnd #content.clearfix { font-size: 14pt; line-height: 2em; } #contentright { font-size: 12pt !important; line-height: 2em; } p#breadcrumbs{ font-size: 12pt !important; } .maincontent a, .maincontent a:link, .maincontent a:visited, #content a, #content a:link, #content a:visited { font-size:12pt; }*/ </style> <style type="text/css"title="<?php esc_attr(WPC4); ?>"id=WPChameleon_4 disabled > /*WPChameleonCommentStartlight yellow statementsWPChameleonCommentEnd body { background-color: #505050 !important; } #page, #wrap, #content.clearfix, #contentright, #wrap div.featured div.container div#featured-pages.flexslider ul.slides li { background-color: #ffffee !important; }*/ </style> <style type="text/css"title="<?php esc_attr(WPC5); ?>"id=WPChameleon_5 disabled > /*WPChameleonCommentStartlilac statementsWPChameleonCommentEnd body { background-color: #505050 !important; } #page, #wrap, #content.clearfix, #contentright, #wrap div.featured div.container div#featured-pages.flexslider ul.slides li { background-color: #F0ECF4 !important; }*/ </style> <script id="k1" type="text/javascript"> WPChameleonA ('WPChameleon_varientN','yes','https://rsgb.org/');</script> <script id= "k2" type="text/javascript"> WPChameleonB ('N','https://rsgb.org/','1');</script> <style>.cmplz-hidden{display:none!important;}</style>  <link href="https://rsgb.org/main/wp-content/themes/wp-clear321/styles/default.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />  <style type="text/css"> body {background-color:#f7f7fb;font-family:Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;color:#404040;} a,a:link,a:visited {color:#47469c;} a:hover,a:active {color:#f04249;} h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,h7,#sitetitle .title {font-family:Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;font-weight:normal;} h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,h7,#sitetitle .title {font-weight:normal;} .post-title a,.post-title a:link,.post-title a:visited {color:#47469c !important;} .post-title a:hover,.post-title a:active {color:#f04249 !important;} #sitetitle .title,#sitetitle .description {float:none;text-indent:-999em;position:absolute;display:none;left:-999em;} #topnav,#topnav ul ul a {font-size:10pt;font-family:Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;background:#f5f5f5;} #topnav ul a,#topnav ul ul a {color:#47469c;} #topnav ul a:hover,#topnav ul ul a:hover {color:#f04249;} #topnav ul a:hover,#topnav ul ul a:hover {background-color:#f5f5f5;} #catnav,#catnav ul ul a {font-size:11pt;font-weight:normal;font-family:Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;background-color:#e4e4e8;} #catnav ul a,#catnav ul ul a {color:#47469c;} #catnav ul a:hover,#catnav ul ul a:hover {color:#f04249;} .maincontent, #content {font-size:10pt;} .maincontent a, .maincontent a:link, .maincontent a:visited, #content a, #content a:link, #content a:visited {color:#47469c;} .maincontent a:hover, .maincontent a:active, #content a:hover, #content a:active {color:#f04249;} #contentright {font-size:10pt;} #contentright a, #contentright a:link, #contentright a:visited {color:#47469c;} #contentright a:hover, #contentright a:active {color:#f04249;} a.comment-reply-link,a.comment-reply-link:link,a.comment-reply-link:visited,#commentform input#submit,.archive-tabs a,.archive-tabs a:link,.archive-tabs a:visited,a.more-link,a.more-link:link,a.more-link:visited,p.email-form .subbutton,#searchform #submitbutton {border-color:#47469c;background-color:#47469c;} a.comment-reply-link,a.comment-reply-link:link,a.comment-reply-link:visited,#commentform input#submit,.archive-tabs a,.archive-tabs a:link,.archive-tabs a:visited,a.more-link,a.more-link:link,a.more-link:visited,p.email-form .subbutton,#searchform #submitbutton {color:#ffffff !important;} a.comment-reply-link:hover,a.comment-reply-link:active,#commentform input#submit:hover,.archive-tabs a:hover,.archive-tabs a:active,.archive-tabs .ui-tabs-selected a,a.more-link:hover,a.more-link:active,p.email-form .subbutton:hover,#searchform #submitbutton:hover {border-color:#f04249;background-color:#f04249;} a.comment-reply-link:hover,a.comment-reply-link:active,#commentform input#submit:hover,.archive-tabs a:hover,.archive-tabs a:active,.archive-tabs .ui-tabs-selected a,a.more-link:hover,a.more-link:active,p.email-form .subbutton:hover,#searchform #submitbutton:hover {color:#ffffff !important;} #footer {background:#47469c;color:#ffffff;font-size:10pt;} #footer a, #footer a:link, #footer a:visited {color:#ffffff;} #footer a:hover, #footer a:active {color:#f04249;} </style>  <link href="https://rsgb.org/main/wp-content/themes/wp-clear321/custom.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />  <script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function () { jQuery('.nav').mobileMenu({ defaultText: 'Navigate to ...' }); jQuery('.catnav').mobileMenu({ defaultText: 'Navigate to ... ', className: 'select-menu-catnav' }); }); </script>   </head> <body data-cmplz=1 class="page-template-default page page-id-34231 c-sw"> <div class="outer-wrap"> <div id="wrap"> <div id="header"> <div id="head-content" class="clearfix"> <div id="logo"> <a href="https://rsgb.org/main" title="Radio Society of Great Britain – Main Site"><img src="https://rsgb.services/images/rsgb-banner-color.png" alt="Radio Society of Great Britain – Main Site" /></a> <iframe src="https://thersgb.org/members/portal/includes/login-widget.php" width="220px" height="55px" scrolling="no" class="iframe-class" frameborder="0"></iframe> </div> </div> </div> <div id="catnav">  <div id="mega-menu-wrap-catnav" class="mega-menu-wrap"><div class="mega-menu-toggle" tabindex="0"><div class='mega-toggle-block mega-menu-toggle-block mega-toggle-block-right mega-toggle-block-1' id='mega-toggle-block-1'></div></div><ul id="mega-menu-catnav" class="mega-menu mega-menu-horizontal mega-no-js" data-event="hover" data-effect="disabled" data-effect-speed="200" data-second-click="close" data-document-click="collapse" data-reverse-mobile-items="true" data-vertical-behaviour="standard" data-breakpoint="900"><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-has-children mega-align-bottom-left mega-menu-megamenu mega-disable-link mega-menu-item-14566' id='mega-menu-item-14566'><a class="mega-menu-link" tabindex="0">Your Services</a> <ul class="mega-sub-menu"> <li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-has-children mega-disable-link mega-menu-columns-1-of-5 mega-menu-item-14567' id='mega-menu-item-14567'><a class="mega-menu-link">News and events</a> <ul class="mega-sub-menu"> <li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-15938' id='mega-menu-item-15938'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/main/gb2rs/">GB2RS</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-18613' id='mega-menu-item-18613'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://rsgb.org/main/news/rsgb-live-news/">RSGB live news</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-15941' id='mega-menu-item-15941'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/main/news/news-where-you-are/">Regional news</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-15943' id='mega-menu-item-15943'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/main/news/rsgb-notices/">RSGB notices</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-35694' id='mega-menu-item-35694'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://rsgb.org/main/hrh-the-duchess-of-edinburgh-joins-100-girlguiding-members-in-live-contact-with-iss/">HRH The Duchess of Edinburgh joins 100 girlguiding members in live contact with ISS</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-35205' id='mega-menu-item-35205'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://rsgb.org/main/about-us/yota/yota-summer-camps/yota-czechia-2024/updates-from-yota-czechia-2024/">YOTA Czechia 2024</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-25714' id='mega-menu-item-25714'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://rsgb.org/main/tonight-at-eight-live-webinars/">Tonight@8 live webinars</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-15942' id='mega-menu-item-15942'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/main/news/special-focus/">Special focus</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-19054' id='mega-menu-item-19054'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://rsgb.org/main/publications-archives/radcom/silent-keys/">Silent Keys</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-15950' id='mega-menu-item-15950'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="http://rsgb.org/convention/">RSGB Convention</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-28493' id='mega-menu-item-28493'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://rsgb.org/main/construction-competition/">RSGB Construction Competition 2025</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-32437' id='mega-menu-item-32437'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://rsgb.org/main/international-women-in-engineering-day/">International Women in Engineering Day 2023</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-33425' id='mega-menu-item-33425'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://rsgb.org/main/agm-2024/">AGM 2024</a></li> </ul> </li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-has-children mega-disable-link mega-menu-columns-1-of-5 mega-menu-item-15944' id='mega-menu-item-15944'><a class="mega-menu-link">All about us</a> <ul class="mega-sub-menu"> <li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-17816' id='mega-menu-item-17816'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="http://rsgb.org/main/about-us/rsgb-strategy/">RSGB Strategy</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-31042' id='mega-menu-item-31042'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://rsgb.org/main/about-us/committees/">RSGB committees</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-24052' id='mega-menu-item-24052'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://rsgb.org/main/our-teams/">Our teams</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-24055' id='mega-menu-item-24055'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://rsgb.org/main/our-policies/">Our policies</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-15948' id='mega-menu-item-15948'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/main/rsgb-consultations/">Consultations</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-16192' id='mega-menu-item-16192'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/main/contact/">Contact</a></li> </ul> </li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-has-children mega-disable-link mega-menu-columns-1-of-5 mega-menu-item-15951' id='mega-menu-item-15951'><a class="mega-menu-link">Organisation</a> <ul class="mega-sub-menu"> <li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-15958' id='mega-menu-item-15958'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/main/about-us/volunteering-for-the-rsgb/">Volunteers</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-32283' id='mega-menu-item-32283'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://rsgb.org/main/volunteers-week/">Volunteers’ Week</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-15954' id='mega-menu-item-15954'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/main/about-us/board-of-directors/">Board</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-24109' id='mega-menu-item-24109'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://rsgb.org/main/about-us/regional-managers/">RSGB Regions</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-19144' id='mega-menu-item-19144'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://rsgb.org/main/about-us/national-radio-centre-gb3rs/">National Radio Centre</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-15960' id='mega-menu-item-15960'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="http://commsfoundation.org/">Radio Communications Foundation</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-15961' id='mega-menu-item-15961'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/main/about-us/company-information/">Company information</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-15962' id='mega-menu-item-15962'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/main/about-us/have-your-say/">Have Your Say</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-29427' id='mega-menu-item-29427'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://rsgb.org/main/about-us/careers/">Careers</a></li> </ul> </li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-has-children mega-disable-link mega-menu-columns-1-of-5 mega-menu-item-15952' id='mega-menu-item-15952'><a class="mega-menu-link">Clubs</a> <ul class="mega-sub-menu"> <li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-19504' id='mega-menu-item-19504'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://rsgb.org/main/clubs/club-finder/">Club Finder</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-15964' id='mega-menu-item-15964'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/main/clubs/club-affiliation/">Affiliate your club</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-17144' id='mega-menu-item-17144'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://rsgb.org/main/clubs/events/">UK events</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-29562' id='mega-menu-item-29562'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://rsgb.org/main/beyond-exams-building-experience/">Beyond Exams</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-15965' id='mega-menu-item-15965'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/main/clubs/club-insurance/">Insurance</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-15966' id='mega-menu-item-15966'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/main/clubs/events-pack/">Events pack</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-15967' id='mega-menu-item-15967'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/main/clubs/media-guide-for-affiliated-societies/">Media guide</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-15968' id='mega-menu-item-15968'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/main/clubs/special-interest-groups/">Special interest</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-31381' id='mega-menu-item-31381'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://rsgb.org/main/about-us/youth/school-zone/">School Zone</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-28743' id='mega-menu-item-28743'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://rsgb.org/main/about-us/youth/university-corner/">University Corner</a></li> </ul> </li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-has-children mega-disable-link mega-menu-columns-1-of-5 mega-menu-item-15953' id='mega-menu-item-15953'><a class="mega-menu-link">Training</a> <ul class="mega-sub-menu"> <li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-33240' id='mega-menu-item-33240'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://rsgb.org/main/course-exam-finder/">Course & exam finder</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-15971' id='mega-menu-item-15971'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/main/clubs-training/for-students/">Student information</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-15972' id='mega-menu-item-15972'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/main/clubs-training/for-trainers/">Trainer information</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-15973' id='mega-menu-item-15973'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/main/clubs-training/training-resources/">Useful Resources</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-15975' id='mega-menu-item-15975'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/main/clubs-training/exam-faq/">Exam FAQ</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-15976' id='mega-menu-item-15976'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/main/clubs-training/forms/">Exam forms</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-15977' id='mega-menu-item-15977'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/main/clubs-training/for-students/paying-for-your-exam/">Exam payments</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-15978' id='mega-menu-item-15978'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/main/clubs-training/schools-link-project/">Schools Link Project</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-15974' id='mega-menu-item-15974'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/main/clubs-training/cadets-online-foundation-licence-application/">Cadets Foundation licence application</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-34271' id='mega-menu-item-34271'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://rsgb.org/main/student-stories/">Student stories</a></li> </ul> </li></ul> </li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-has-children mega-align-bottom-left mega-menu-megamenu mega-disable-link mega-menu-item-14428' id='mega-menu-item-14428'><a class="mega-menu-link" tabindex="0">On the air</a> <ul class="mega-sub-menu"> <li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-has-children mega-disable-link mega-menu-columns-1-of-5 mega-menu-item-15980' id='mega-menu-item-15980'><a class="mega-menu-link">Apps</a> <ul class="mega-sub-menu"> <li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-15982' id='mega-menu-item-15982'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="http://rsgb.org/main/operating/live-solar-data/">Live solar data</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-15979' id='mega-menu-item-15979'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/main/operating/dx-cluster/">Live DX cluster</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-15983' id='mega-menu-item-15983'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/main/operating/web-sdr-receiver/">WebSDR receivers</a></li> </ul> </li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-has-children mega-disable-link mega-menu-columns-1-of-5 mega-menu-item-15984' id='mega-menu-item-15984'><a class="mega-menu-link">Operating</a> <ul class="mega-sub-menu"> <li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-15988' id='mega-menu-item-15988'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/main/operating/band-plans/">Band plans</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-15990' id='mega-menu-item-15990'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/main/operating/licensing-novs-visitors/online-nov-application/">NoV applications</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-15987' id='mega-menu-item-15987'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/main/operating/amateur-radio-awards/">Awards & programmes</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-15991' id='mega-menu-item-15991'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/main/operating/beacons-and-repeaters/">Beacons & repeaters</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-15992' id='mega-menu-item-15992'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/main/operating/emergency-communications/">Emergency comms</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-15989' id='mega-menu-item-15989'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/main/operating/licensing-novs-visitors/">Licensing</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-15993' id='mega-menu-item-15993'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/main/operating/morse/">Morse</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-15994' id='mega-menu-item-15994'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/main/operating/planning-matters/">Planning matters</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-15995' id='mega-menu-item-15995'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/main/operating/qsl-bureau/">QSL Bureau</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-17876' id='mega-menu-item-17876'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://rsgb.org/main/operating/operating-advisory-service/">Operating Advisory Service (OAS)</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-24685' id='mega-menu-item-24685'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://rsgb.org/main/technical/emc/vdsl-interference-reporting/">VDSL interference reporting</a></li> </ul> </li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-has-children mega-disable-link mega-menu-columns-1-of-5 mega-menu-item-15985' id='mega-menu-item-15985'><a class="mega-menu-link">Technical</a> <ul class="mega-sub-menu"> <li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-23831' id='mega-menu-item-23831'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://rsgb.org/main/technical/amateur-television/">Amateur television</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-15996' id='mega-menu-item-15996'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/main/technical/emc/">EMC</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-15997' id='mega-menu-item-15997'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/main/technical/forums/">Forums</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-15998' id='mega-menu-item-15998'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/main/technical/microwaves/">Microwaves</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-15999' id='mega-menu-item-15999'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/main/technical/propagation/">Propagation</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-16000' id='mega-menu-item-16000'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/main/technical/space-satellites/">Space & satellites</a></li> </ul> </li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-has-children mega-disable-link mega-menu-columns-1-of-5 mega-menu-item-15986' id='mega-menu-item-15986'><a class="mega-menu-link">Contesting</a> <ul class="mega-sub-menu"> <li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-16001' id='mega-menu-item-16001'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/main/radio-sport/what-is-radio-sport/">What is contesting?</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-16003' id='mega-menu-item-16003'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/main/radio-sport/hf-contests/">HF contests</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-16004' id='mega-menu-item-16004'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/main/radio-sport/vhf-contests/">VHF contests</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-21154' id='mega-menu-item-21154'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="http://rsgb.org/main/radio-sport/rsgb-contest-club/">RSGB Contest Club</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-34120' id='mega-menu-item-34120'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://rsgb.org/main/radio-sport/radcom-contesting/">RadCom contesting</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-35526' id='mega-menu-item-35526'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://rsgb.org/main/radio-sport/gr2hq-iaru-contest-team/">GR2HQ IARU Contest Team</a></li> </ul> </li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-has-children mega-menu-columns-1-of-5 mega-menu-item-21150' id='mega-menu-item-21150'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="#">Activity</a> <ul class="mega-sub-menu"> <li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-32542' id='mega-menu-item-32542'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://rsgb.org/main/coding-and-amateur-radio/">Coding and amateur radio</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-31380' id='mega-menu-item-31380'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://rsgb.org/main/about-us/youth/british-science-week/">British Science Week</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-26796' id='mega-menu-item-26796'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://rsgb.org/main/activity/useful-practical-skills-for-new-licensees/">Useful practical skills for new licensees</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-35885' id='mega-menu-item-35885'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://rsgb.org/main/buildathons-and-workshops/">Practical events</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-16002' id='mega-menu-item-16002'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://rsgb.org/main/activity/ardf-2/">ARDF</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-21152' id='mega-menu-item-21152'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="http://rsgb.org/main/activity/hf-dxpeditions/">HF DXpeditions</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-21153' id='mega-menu-item-21153'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://rsgb.org/main/activity/radio-marathons/">Radio Marathons</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-27925' id='mega-menu-item-27925'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://rsgb.org/main/activity/transatlantic-tests/">Transatlantic Tests Centenary</a></li> </ul> </li></ul> </li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-current-menu-ancestor mega-menu-item-has-children mega-align-bottom-left mega-menu-megamenu mega-disable-link mega-menu-item-16008' id='mega-menu-item-16008'><a class="mega-menu-link" tabindex="0">Membership</a> <ul class="mega-sub-menu"> <li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-has-children mega-disable-link mega-menu-columns-1-of-5 mega-menu-item-16009' id='mega-menu-item-16009'><a class="mega-menu-link">Membership Services</a> <ul class="mega-sub-menu"> <li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-16010' id='mega-menu-item-16010'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://rsgb.org/members/">Login</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-16011' id='mega-menu-item-16011'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://rsgb.org/main/myrsgb-2/bletchley-park-free-visitors-voucher/">Bletchley Park free admission vouchers</a></li> </ul> </li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-current-menu-ancestor mega-current-menu-parent mega-menu-item-has-children mega-menu-columns-1-of-5 mega-menu-item-16012' id='mega-menu-item-16012'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="#">Join & help</a> <ul class="mega-sub-menu"> <li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-16014' id='mega-menu-item-16014'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://rsgb.org/main/join-us/join-the-rsgb/">Join the RSGB</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-current-menu-item mega-page_item mega-page-item-34231 mega-current_page_item mega-menu-item-34235' id='mega-menu-item-34235'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://rsgb.org/main/join-friend/">Join a friend</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-16016' id='mega-menu-item-16016'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/main/about-us/volunteering-for-the-rsgb/">Volunteer</a></li> </ul> </li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-has-children mega-menu-columns-1-of-5 mega-menu-item-16013' id='mega-menu-item-16013'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="#">Renew</a> <ul class="mega-sub-menu"> <li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-16017' id='mega-menu-item-16017'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://rsgb.org/renew">Renew your Membership</a></li> </ul> </li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-has-children mega-menu-columns-1-of-5 mega-menu-item-34428' id='mega-menu-item-34428'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="#">Hear from our members</a> <ul class="mega-sub-menu"> <li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-34429' id='mega-menu-item-34429'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://rsgb.org/main/your-stories/">Your stories</a></li> </ul> </li></ul> </li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-has-children mega-align-bottom-left mega-menu-megamenu mega-disable-link mega-menu-item-16018' id='mega-menu-item-16018'><a class="mega-menu-link" tabindex="0">Shop</a> <ul class="mega-sub-menu"> <li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-has-children mega-disable-link mega-menu-columns-1-of-5 mega-menu-item-16019' id='mega-menu-item-16019'><a class="mega-menu-link">RSGB Shop</a> <ul class="mega-sub-menu"> <li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-16020' id='mega-menu-item-16020'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://www.rsgbshop.org/">All products</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-16021' id='mega-menu-item-16021'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://www.rsgbshop.org/acatalog/Online_Catalogue_What_s_New_26.html">What's new</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-16022' id='mega-menu-item-16022'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://www.rsgbshop.org/acatalog/Online_Catalogue_SPECIAL_OFFERS_31-p1.html">Special offers</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-16023' id='mega-menu-item-16023'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://www.rsgbshop.org/acatalog/Online_Catalogue_Other_Publications_14.html">Other publications</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-16024' id='mega-menu-item-16024'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://www.rsgbshop.org/acatalog/Other_Products.html">Other products</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-16025' id='mega-menu-item-16025'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://www.rsgbshop.org/acatalog/Online_Catalogue_Booking_Office_33.html">Booking office</a></li> </ul> </li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-has-children mega-disable-link mega-menu-columns-1-of-5 mega-menu-item-16026' id='mega-menu-item-16026'><a class="mega-menu-link">Membership & donations</a> <ul class="mega-sub-menu"> <li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-16027' id='mega-menu-item-16027'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://rsgb.org/join/">Join the RSGB</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-16028' id='mega-menu-item-16028'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://rsgb.org/renew/">Renew your Membership</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-16029' id='mega-menu-item-16029'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://www.rsgbshop.org/acatalog/Spectrum_Defence_Fund.html">Spectrum Defence Fund</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-16030' id='mega-menu-item-16030'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://www.rsgbshop.org/acatalog/RCF_Donations.html">RCF donations</a></li> </ul> </li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-has-children mega-disable-link mega-menu-columns-1-of-5 mega-menu-item-16031' id='mega-menu-item-16031'><a class="mega-menu-link">Books</a> <ul class="mega-sub-menu"> <li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-16032' id='mega-menu-item-16032'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://www.rsgbshop.org/acatalog/Online_Catalogue_Radio_Books___CDs_29.html">Radio</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-16033' id='mega-menu-item-16033'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://www.rsgbshop.org/acatalog/Online_Catalogue_General_Books_30.html">General</a></li> </ul> </li></ul> </li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-has-children mega-align-bottom-left mega-menu-megamenu mega-disable-link mega-menu-item-16034' id='mega-menu-item-16034'><a class="mega-menu-link" tabindex="0">Publications & videos</a> <ul class="mega-sub-menu"> <li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-has-children mega-disable-link mega-menu-columns-1-of-5 mega-menu-item-16035' id='mega-menu-item-16035'><a class="mega-menu-link">RadCom</a> <ul class="mega-sub-menu"> <li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-16047' id='mega-menu-item-16047'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="http://rsgb.org/main/publications-archives/radcom/">RadCom</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-16036' id='mega-menu-item-16036'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/main/publications-archives/radcom-basics/">RadCom Basics</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-16037' id='mega-menu-item-16037'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/main/publications-archives/radcom-plus/">RadCom Plus</a></li> </ul> </li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-has-children mega-disable-link mega-menu-columns-1-of-5 mega-menu-item-16038' id='mega-menu-item-16038'><a class="mega-menu-link">Books</a> <ul class="mega-sub-menu"> <li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-16039' id='mega-menu-item-16039'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://www.rsgbshop.org/acatalog/Online_Catalogue_Radio_Books___CDs_29.html">Books</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-16040' id='mega-menu-item-16040'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/main/publications-archives/books-extra/">Books - extra</a></li> </ul> </li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-has-children mega-menu-columns-1-of-5 mega-menu-item-16750' id='mega-menu-item-16750'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="#">Video</a> <ul class="mega-sub-menu"> <li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-16876' id='mega-menu-item-16876'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://rsgb.org/main/publications-archives/video/about-the-rsgb/">About the RSGB</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-16875' id='mega-menu-item-16875'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://rsgb.org/main/publications-archives/video/the-excitement-of-amateur-radio/">The excitement of amateur radio</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-26917' id='mega-menu-item-26917'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://rsgb.org/main/publications-archives/video/practical-skills-for-new-licensees/">Practical skills videos</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-24680' id='mega-menu-item-24680'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://rsgb.org/main/publications-archives/video/technical-videos/">Technical videos</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-16877' id='mega-menu-item-16877'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://rsgb.org/main/publications-archives/video/rsgb-convention-lectures/">RSGB Convention lectures</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-18734' id='mega-menu-item-18734'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://rsgb.org/main/publications-archives/video/rsgb-strategy-2022/">RSGB Strategy</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-23799' id='mega-menu-item-23799'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://rsgb.org/main/publications-archives/video/syllabus-resources/">Syllabus resources</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-18323' id='mega-menu-item-18323'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://rsgb.org/main/publications-archives/video/young-amateurs/">Young amateurs</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-22053' id='mega-menu-item-22053'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://rsgb.org/main/publications-archives/video/film-archive/">Film archive</a></li> </ul> </li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-has-children mega-disable-link mega-menu-columns-1-of-5 mega-menu-item-16041' id='mega-menu-item-16041'><a class="mega-menu-link">Archive</a> <ul class="mega-sub-menu"> <li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-16042' id='mega-menu-item-16042'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/main/archive/consultation-archive/">Consultations</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-16043' id='mega-menu-item-16043'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/main/archive/events-archive/">Events</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-16045' id='mega-menu-item-16045'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/main/archive/publications-archive/">Publications</a></li> </ul> </li></ul> </li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-has-children mega-align-bottom-left mega-menu-megamenu mega-disable-link mega-menu-item-16048' id='mega-menu-item-16048'><a class="mega-menu-link" tabindex="0">FAQs</a> <ul class="mega-sub-menu"> <li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-has-children mega-disable-link mega-menu-columns-1-of-5 mega-menu-item-16049' id='mega-menu-item-16049'><a class="mega-menu-link">General</a> <ul class="mega-sub-menu"> <li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-16050' id='mega-menu-item-16050'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/main/faq-2/amateur-radio-faqs/">Amateur radio</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-16051' id='mega-menu-item-16051'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/main/faq-2/becoming-a-radio-amateur-faq/">Becoming an amateur</a></li> </ul> </li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-has-children mega-disable-link mega-menu-columns-1-of-5 mega-menu-item-16052' id='mega-menu-item-16052'><a class="mega-menu-link">Exams</a> <ul class="mega-sub-menu"> <li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-16053' id='mega-menu-item-16053'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/main/faq-2/exam-candidates-faq/">Candidates</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-16054' id='mega-menu-item-16054'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/main/faq-2/exams-faq-trainers/">Trainers</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-28141' id='mega-menu-item-28141'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://rsgb.org/main/faq-2/exams-clubs-online-exam-booking-faq/">Club exam bookings</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-16055' id='mega-menu-item-16055'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/main/faq-2/dbs-checks-faq/">DBS checks</a></li> </ul> </li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-has-children mega-disable-link mega-menu-columns-1-of-5 mega-menu-item-16056' id='mega-menu-item-16056'><a class="mega-menu-link">Insurance</a> <ul class="mega-sub-menu"> <li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-16057' id='mega-menu-item-16057'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/main/faq-2/insurance-faq/">Clubs & repeaters</a></li> </ul> </li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-has-children mega-disable-link mega-menu-columns-1-of-5 mega-menu-item-16058' id='mega-menu-item-16058'><a class="mega-menu-link">Programmes</a> <ul class="mega-sub-menu"> <li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-16059' id='mega-menu-item-16059'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/main/faq-2/iota-faqs/">IOTA</a></li> </ul> </li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-has-children mega-menu-columns-1-of-5 mega-menu-item-19219' id='mega-menu-item-19219'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="#">Operating</a> <ul class="mega-sub-menu"> <li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-22097' id='mega-menu-item-22097'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://rsgb.org/main/faq-2/interference-faq/">Receiving interference</a></li> </ul> </li></ul> </li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-has-children mega-align-bottom-left mega-menu-megamenu mega-menu-item-16060' id='mega-menu-item-16060'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="#" tabindex="0">Beginners</a> <ul class="mega-sub-menu"> <li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-has-children mega-disable-link mega-menu-columns-1-of-5 mega-menu-item-16061' id='mega-menu-item-16061'><a class="mega-menu-link">Getting started</a> <ul class="mega-sub-menu"> <li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-16062' id='mega-menu-item-16062'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/main/get-started-in-amateur-radio/what-is-amateur-radio/">What is amateur radio?</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-16063' id='mega-menu-item-16063'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/main/faq-2/amateur-radio-faqs/">FAQ</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-16064' id='mega-menu-item-16064'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/main/get-started-in-amateur-radio/first-steps/">First steps</a></li> </ul> </li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-has-children mega-disable-link mega-menu-columns-1-of-5 mega-menu-item-16065' id='mega-menu-item-16065'><a class="mega-menu-link">Your station</a> <ul class="mega-sub-menu"> <li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-16066' id='mega-menu-item-16066'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/main/get-started-in-amateur-radio/setting-up-your-shack/">Setting up</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-16067' id='mega-menu-item-16067'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/main/get-started-in-amateur-radio/operating-your-new-station/">Operating</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-16068' id='mega-menu-item-16068'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/main/get-started-in-amateur-radio/antennas/">Antennas</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-16069' id='mega-menu-item-16069'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/main/get-started-in-amateur-radio/emc-considerations/">EMC considerations</a></li> </ul> </li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-has-children mega-disable-link mega-menu-columns-1-of-5 mega-menu-item-16070' id='mega-menu-item-16070'><a class="mega-menu-link">Watch</a> <ul class="mega-sub-menu"> <li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-16071' id='mega-menu-item-16071'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://youtu.be/8x6x_6mDVlQ">Amateur radio: A 21st Century hobby</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-16072' id='mega-menu-item-16072'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://youtu.be/SH9OtgAcV6g">Amateur Radio: A World of Possibilities</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-16073' id='mega-menu-item-16073'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://youtu.be/NozuPXExYqM">GB1SS: schools speaking to Tim Peake</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-16879' id='mega-menu-item-16879'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="http://rsgb.org/main/publications-archives/video/">More RSGB videos</a></li> </ul> </li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-has-children mega-disable-link mega-menu-columns-1-of-5 mega-menu-item-16074' id='mega-menu-item-16074'><a class="mega-menu-link">Read</a> <ul class="mega-sub-menu"> <li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-16075' id='mega-menu-item-16075'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/main/publications-archives/radcom-basics/">RadCom Basics</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-16076' id='mega-menu-item-16076'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/main/get-started-in-amateur-radio/alex-discovers-amateur-radio-2/">Alex Discovers Amateur Radio</a></li> </ul> </li></ul> </li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-align-bottom-left mega-menu-megamenu mega-item-align-right mega-menu-item-16077' id='mega-menu-item-16077'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://rsgb.org/main/search-rsgb-org/" tabindex="0">Search</a></li></ul></div> </ul> </div> <div id="page" class="clearfix"> <div class="page-border clearfix"> <div id="contentleft" class="clearfix"> <div id="content" class="clearfix"> <div class="post clearfix" id="post-main-34231"> <div class="entry"> <h1 class="page-title">Join a friend</h1> <blockquote><p><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" class="aligncenter wp-image-34217 size-large" src="https://rsgb.org/main/files/2024/03/friends-join2--1024x555.jpg" alt="" width="640" height="347" srcset="https://rsgb.org/main/files/2024/03/friends-join2--1024x555.jpg 1024w, https://rsgb.org/main/files/2024/03/friends-join2--300x163.jpg 300w, https://rsgb.org/main/files/2024/03/friends-join2--150x81.jpg 150w, https://rsgb.org/main/files/2024/03/friends-join2--768x416.jpg 768w, https://rsgb.org/main/files/2024/03/friends-join2--1536x833.jpg 1536w, https://rsgb.org/main/files/2024/03/friends-join2--2048x1110.jpg 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px" /></p></blockquote> <blockquote> <h4><strong>Here’s a great opportunity to get even more out of your RSGB membership. If you recommend a friend who hasn’t been an RSGB member during the last 12 months, you will both receive £10 cashback when they become a member and pay by direct debit *</strong></h4> </blockquote> <p>Membership of the RSGB gives you a range of fantastic benefits so why not encourage others to join!<br /> Members have access to RadCom, exclusive online resources, RSGB award schemes and contests, as well as advice from our specialist committees. The RSGB’s representation to Ofcom and its ability to defend the spectrum nationally and internationally is more powerful through strength in numbers.</p> <h4><strong>How to take part</strong></h4> <p>Taking part in this offer couldn’t be easier. Just ask your friend to join via our <a href="https://form.jotform.com/93152259468364" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>online form</strong></a> and use your name and call sign as the ‘Offer Reference’.</p> <p><img decoding="async" class="aligncenter wp-image-34197 size-full" src="https://rsgb.org/main/files/2024/03/DD_Capture2A-002.jpg" alt="" width="965" height="287" srcset="https://rsgb.org/main/files/2024/03/DD_Capture2A-002.jpg 965w, https://rsgb.org/main/files/2024/03/DD_Capture2A-002-300x89.jpg 300w, https://rsgb.org/main/files/2024/03/DD_Capture2A-002-150x45.jpg 150w, https://rsgb.org/main/files/2024/03/DD_Capture2A-002-768x228.jpg 768w, https://rsgb.org/main/files/2024/03/DD_Capture2A-002-960x287.jpg 960w" sizes="(max-width: 965px) 100vw, 965px" /></p> <p>*see terms and conditions below…</p> <h3><strong>What else do I need to know? (Terms and conditions)</strong></h3> <p>The ‘Join a friend’ offer entitles the new joining member and the recommending member to claim £10 cashback each.</p> <h4><strong>I’m the joining member</strong></h4> <ul> <li>You must join as a full paying member of the Radio Society of Great Britain (RSGB), pay by Direct Debit, and you can’t have been an RSGB member during the last 12 months. You can also claim three months’ free membership as part of this offer.</li> <li>Your application will need to include the details of the RSGB member who encouraged you to join. You must add this when you sign up as it can’t be added later. If they are not an RSGB member when the cashback is due to be paid, you will still receive your £10.</li> <li>You may sign up for the offer as a family membership, but the £10 cashback will only be paid to the fee-paying member and not to the non-paying family members. You can’t sign yourself up for this offer!</li> <li>Cashback payments are paid by bank transfer only. After six months’ continuous membership, the payment of £10 will be paid automatically into the bank account that your membership Direct Debit is taken from (unless you give us alternative bank details).</li> </ul> <h4><strong>I’m the recommending RSGB member </strong></h4> <ul> <li>You must be an RSGB individual member or an RSGB affiliated club.</li> <li>You will receive £10 for each paying member who joins via the offer and quotes your name and call sign when they sign up. The cashback will be paid after six months’ continuous membership by the joining member. You need to be an RSGB member when the joining member signs up but if you have lapsed your membership when the cashback is due, you won’t receive the £10.</li> <li>If the joining member signs up as a family membership, you will only receive £10 cashback for the fee-paying member and not for every non-paying family member.</li> <li>Cashback payments are paid by bank transfer only to a UK bank account. If you pay your RSGB membership by Direct Debit, the £10 cashback will paid into that account. If you don’t pay by Direct Debit, you’ll need to provide your bank details for the bank transfer.</li> </ul> <h4><strong>And finally…</strong></h4> <p>You must join via our online form. This offer cannot be used in conjunction with any other offer. The RSGB reserves the right to withdraw or amend this offer at any time and without notice.</p> <blockquote> <h4><strong>Membership of the RSGB gives you a great range of fantastic benefits and this offer won’t be around forever, so <a href="https://form.jotform.com/93152259468364" target="_blank" rel="noopener">share this</a> </strong><strong>with your friends today! </strong></h4> </blockquote> <div style="clear:both;"></div> </div> </div> </div>  </div>  <div id="contentright"> <div id="sidebar" class="clearfix"> <div id="ai_widget-2" class="widget ai_widget"><div class="widget-wrap"><div class='code-block code-block-1 ai-track' data-ai='WzEsIiIsIkJsb2NrIDEiLCIiLDFd' style='margin: 8px 0; clear: both;'> <style> .ai-rotate {position: relative;} .ai-rotate-hidden {visibility: hidden;} .ai-rotate-hidden-2 {position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; width: 100%; height: 100%;} .ai-list-data, .ai-ip-data, .ai-fallback, .ai-list-block {visibility: hidden; position: absolute; width: 50%; height: 1px; z-index: -9999;} </style> <div class='ai-rotate ai-unprocessed ai-1' data-info='WzEsN10=' style='position: relative;'> <div class='ai-rotate-option' style='visibility: hidden;' data-name="UlNHQl9CbGFja19GcmlkYXlfU2FsZQ==" data-time="NQ=="> <a href="https://www.rsgbshop.org/acatalog/Online_Catalogue_BLACK_FRIDAY_SPECIAL_OFFERS_31.html" target="_blank"><img style='height: 250px;' src="https://rsgb.services/ads/banners/Black-Friday-Sale-2024.jpg"></a></div> <div class='ai-rotate-option' style='visibility: hidden; position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; width: 100%; height: 100%;' data-name="SWNvbXQ5" data-time="NQ=="> <a href="https://icomuk.co.uk/IC-905_VHF_UHF_SHF_All_Mode_Transceiver/Mobile_Amateur_Radio_Ham" target="_blank"><img style='height: 219px;' src="https://rsgb.services/ads/banners/IC-905_rsgb.jpg"></a></div> <div class='ai-rotate-option' style='visibility: hidden; position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; width: 100%; height: 100%;' data-name="UlNHQl9CbGFja19GcmlkYXlfU2FsZQ==" data-time="NQ=="> <a href="https://www.rsgbshop.org/acatalog/Online_Catalogue_BLACK_FRIDAY_SPECIAL_OFFERS_31.html" target="_blank"><img style='height: 250px;' src="https://rsgb.services/ads/banners/Black-Friday-Sale-2024.jpg"></a></div> <div class='ai-rotate-option' style='visibility: hidden; position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; width: 100%; height: 100%;' data-name="UlNHQl9Cb29rcw==" data-time="OA=="> <a href="https://www.rsgbshop.org" target="_blank"><img style='height: 250px;' src="https://rsgb.services/ads/banners/Online-Ad-2023.gif"></a></div> <div class='ai-rotate-option' style='visibility: hidden; position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; width: 100%; height: 100%;' data-name="SWNvbXQ0" data-time="NQ=="> <a href="https://icomuk.co.uk/IC-705-HF-VHF-UHF-Mobile-Transceiver/3977/1338/14/" target="_blank"><img style='height: 219px;' src="https://rsgb.services/ads/banners/IC-705_RSGB_2.jpg"></a></div> <div class='ai-rotate-option' style='visibility: hidden; position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; width: 100%; height: 100%;' data-name="SWNvbXQ2" data-time="NQ=="> <a href="https://icomuk.co.uk/ID-52E-Dual-Band-D-STAR-Digital-Transceiver/Handheld_Amateur_Radio_Ham" target="_blank"><img style='height: 219px;' src="https://rsgb.services/ads/banners/ID-52E_PLUS_RSGB.jpg"></a></div> <div class='ai-rotate-option' style='visibility: hidden; position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; width: 100%; height: 100%;' data-name="UlNHQl9CbGFja19GcmlkYXlfU2FsZQ==" data-time="NQ=="> <a href="https://www.rsgbshop.org/acatalog/Online_Catalogue_BLACK_FRIDAY_SPECIAL_OFFERS_31.html" target="_blank"><img style='height: 250px;' src="https://rsgb.services/ads/banners/Black-Friday-Sale-2024.jpg"></a></div> </div> </div> </div></div> </div> </div> </div>  </div>  </div>  <div id="footer-widgets" class="maincontent"> <div class="limit clearfix"> <div class="footer-widget1"> <div id="text-8" class="widget widget_text"><div class="widget-wrap"><h3 class="widgettitle"><span>Connect</span></h3> <div class="textwidget"><div class="sub-icons clearfix"> <a title="RSGB Newsfeed" href="https://rsgb.org/main/feed/"><img align="top" class="rss-sub" alt="RSGB Newsfeed" src="https://thersgb.org/images/feed.png"/></a> <a title="RSGB on Facebook" href="https://www.facebook.com/theRSGB" rel="external"><img align="top" class="twitter-sub" alt="RSGB on Facebook" src="https://thersgb.org/images/facebook.png"/></a> <a title="RSGB on Twitter" href="https://twitter.com/theRSGB" rel="external"><img align="top" class="twitter-sub" alt="RSGB on Twitter" src="https://thersgb.org/images/twitter.png"/></a> <a title="RSGB on YouTube" href="https://www.youtube.com/TheRSGB" rel="external"><img align="top" class="twitter-sub" alt="RSGB on YouTube" src="https://thersgb.org/images/youtube.png"/></a> </div></div> </div></div> </div> <div class="footer-widget2"> </div> <div class="footer-widget3"> </div> <div class="footer-widget4"> </div> </div> </div>  <div id="footer"> <div class="limit clearfix"> <p class="footurl"><a href="https://rsgb.org/main">Radio Society of Great Britain – Main Site</a></p> <div id="footnav"> <ul class="clearfix"> <li id="menu-item-2446" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2446"><a href="https://rsgb.org/main/archive-list-of-all-posts/">Posts Index</a></li> <li id="menu-item-16930" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-16930"><a href="https://rsgb.org/main/sitemap/">Sitemap</a></li> <li id="menu-item-5754" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-5754"><a href="https://rsgb.org/main/legals/">Legals</a></li> <li id="menu-item-684" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-684"><a href="https://rsgb.org/main/internet-guidelines/">Internet Guidelines</a></li> <li id="menu-item-685" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-685"><a href="https://rsgb.org/main/privacy-policy/">Privacy Policy</a></li> <li id="menu-item-6677" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-6677"><a href="https://rsgb.org/main/privacy-policy/cookies/">Cookies</a></li> <li id="menu-item-7161" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-7161"><a href="https://rsgb.org/main/accessibility/">Accessibility</a></li> <li id="menu-item-8708" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-8708"><a href="http://rsgb.org/main/contact/">Contact</a></li> </ul> </div> © 2024 Radio Society of Great Britain – Main Site. All rights reserved.  </div> </div>  </div>   <div id="cmplz-cookiebanner-container"><div class="cmplz-cookiebanner cmplz-hidden banner-1 optin cmplz-bottom-right cmplz-categories-type-view-preferences" aria-modal="true" data-nosnippet="true" role="dialog" aria-live="polite" aria-labelledby="cmplz-header-1-optin" aria-describedby="cmplz-message-1-optin"> <div class="cmplz-header"> <div class="cmplz-logo"><img width="254" height="40" src="https://rsgb.org/main/files/2023/06/rsgb-banner-small.png" class="attachment-cmplz_banner_image size-cmplz_banner_image" alt="Radio Society of Great Britain - Main Site" decoding="async" loading="lazy" srcset="https://rsgb.org/main/files/2023/06/rsgb-banner-small.png 254w, https://rsgb.org/main/files/2023/06/rsgb-banner-small-150x24.png 150w" sizes="(max-width: 254px) 100vw, 254px" /></div> <div class="cmplz-title" id="cmplz-header-1-optin">Cookies on the RSGB website</div> <div class="cmplz-close" tabindex="0" role="button" aria-label="close-dialog"> <svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="times" class="svg-inline--fa fa-times fa-w-11" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 352 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M242.72 256l100.07-100.07c12.28-12.28 12.28-32.19 0-44.48l-22.24-22.24c-12.28-12.28-32.19-12.28-44.48 0L176 189.28 75.93 89.21c-12.28-12.28-32.19-12.28-44.48 0L9.21 111.45c-12.28 12.28-12.28 32.19 0 44.48L109.28 256 9.21 356.07c-12.28 12.28-12.28 32.19 0 44.48l22.24 22.24c12.28 12.28 32.2 12.28 44.48 0L176 322.72l100.07 100.07c12.28 12.28 32.2 12.28 44.48 0l22.24-22.24c12.28-12.28 12.28-32.19 0-44.48L242.72 256z"></path></svg> </div> </div> <div class="cmplz-divider cmplz-divider-header"></div> <div class="cmplz-body"> <div class="cmplz-message" id="cmplz-message-1-optin"><h3><strong>COOKIES ON THE RSGB WEBSITE</strong></h3><br /> <h4><strong>Necessary cookies</strong><br /> The RSGB uses necessary cookies to make our site work.<br /> Necessary cookies enable security and accessibility functions on the website and allow features such as Membership Services login to work. You can disable these cookies in your browser settings, but this may adversely affect the website's functionality.<br /> For more information see our Cookie Policy page.</h4><br /> --------------------------------------------------------<br /> <h4><strong>Analytics cookies</strong><br /> We would also like to set optional analytics cookies that show how you are using the website, so we can improve the way it works. These cookies are only set if you opt into them under the View Preferences option.<br /> For more information see our Cookie Policy page.</h4><br /> --------------------------------------------------------<br /> <h4><strong>Marketing cookies</strong><br /> Some third party content providers featured on our site may use marketing cookies. To see this content either enable marketing cookies here, or opt-into them when prompted.</h4></div>  <div class="cmplz-categories"> <details class="cmplz-category cmplz-functional" > <summary> <span class="cmplz-category-header"> <span class="cmplz-category-title">Functional</span> <span class='cmplz-always-active'> <span class="cmplz-banner-checkbox"> <input type="checkbox" id="cmplz-functional-optin" data-category="cmplz_functional" class="cmplz-consent-checkbox cmplz-functional" size="40" value="1"/> <label class="cmplz-label" for="cmplz-functional-optin" tabindex="0"><span class="screen-reader-text">Functional</span></label> </span> Always active </span> <span class="cmplz-icon cmplz-open"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512" height="18" ><path d="M224 416c-8.188 0-16.38-3.125-22.62-9.375l-192-192c-12.5-12.5-12.5-32.75 0-45.25s32.75-12.5 45.25 0L224 338.8l169.4-169.4c12.5-12.5 32.75-12.5 45.25 0s12.5 32.75 0 45.25l-192 192C240.4 412.9 232.2 416 224 416z"/></svg> </span> </span> </summary> <div class="cmplz-description"> <span class="cmplz-description-functional">The technical storage or access is strictly necessary for the legitimate purpose of enabling the use of a specific service explicitly requested by the subscriber or user, or for the sole purpose of carrying out the transmission of a communication over an electronic communications network.</span> </div> </details> <details class="cmplz-category cmplz-preferences" > <summary> <span class="cmplz-category-header"> <span class="cmplz-category-title">Preferences</span> <span class="cmplz-banner-checkbox"> <input type="checkbox" id="cmplz-preferences-optin" data-category="cmplz_preferences" class="cmplz-consent-checkbox cmplz-preferences" size="40" value="1"/> <label class="cmplz-label" for="cmplz-preferences-optin" tabindex="0"><span class="screen-reader-text">Preferences</span></label> </span> <span class="cmplz-icon cmplz-open"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512" height="18" ><path d="M224 416c-8.188 0-16.38-3.125-22.62-9.375l-192-192c-12.5-12.5-12.5-32.75 0-45.25s32.75-12.5 45.25 0L224 338.8l169.4-169.4c12.5-12.5 32.75-12.5 45.25 0s12.5 32.75 0 45.25l-192 192C240.4 412.9 232.2 416 224 416z"/></svg> </span> </span> </summary> <div class="cmplz-description"> <span class="cmplz-description-preferences">The technical storage or access is necessary for the legitimate purpose of storing preferences that are not requested by the subscriber or user.</span> </div> </details> <details class="cmplz-category cmplz-statistics" > <summary> <span class="cmplz-category-header"> <span class="cmplz-category-title">Statistics</span> <span class="cmplz-banner-checkbox"> <input type="checkbox" id="cmplz-statistics-optin" data-category="cmplz_statistics" class="cmplz-consent-checkbox cmplz-statistics" size="40" value="1"/> <label class="cmplz-label" for="cmplz-statistics-optin" tabindex="0"><span class="screen-reader-text">Statistics</span></label> </span> <span class="cmplz-icon cmplz-open"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512" height="18" ><path d="M224 416c-8.188 0-16.38-3.125-22.62-9.375l-192-192c-12.5-12.5-12.5-32.75 0-45.25s32.75-12.5 45.25 0L224 338.8l169.4-169.4c12.5-12.5 32.75-12.5 45.25 0s12.5 32.75 0 45.25l-192 192C240.4 412.9 232.2 416 224 416z"/></svg> </span> </span> </summary> <div class="cmplz-description"> <span class="cmplz-description-statistics">The technical storage or access that is used exclusively for statistical purposes.</span> <span class="cmplz-description-statistics-anonymous">The technical storage or access that is used exclusively for anonymous statistical purposes. Without a subpoena, voluntary compliance on the part of your Internet Service Provider, or additional records from a third party, information stored or retrieved for this purpose alone cannot usually be used to identify you.</span> </div> </details> <details class="cmplz-category cmplz-marketing" > <summary> <span class="cmplz-category-header"> <span class="cmplz-category-title">Marketing</span> <span class="cmplz-banner-checkbox"> <input type="checkbox" id="cmplz-marketing-optin" data-category="cmplz_marketing" class="cmplz-consent-checkbox cmplz-marketing" size="40" value="1"/> <label class="cmplz-label" for="cmplz-marketing-optin" tabindex="0"><span class="screen-reader-text">Marketing</span></label> </span> <span class="cmplz-icon cmplz-open"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512" height="18" ><path d="M224 416c-8.188 0-16.38-3.125-22.62-9.375l-192-192c-12.5-12.5-12.5-32.75 0-45.25s32.75-12.5 45.25 0L224 338.8l169.4-169.4c12.5-12.5 32.75-12.5 45.25 0s12.5 32.75 0 45.25l-192 192C240.4 412.9 232.2 416 224 416z"/></svg> </span> </span> </summary> <div class="cmplz-description"> <span class="cmplz-description-marketing">The technical storage or access is required to create user profiles to send advertising, or to track the user on a website or across several websites for similar marketing purposes.</span> </div> </details> </div> </div> <div class="cmplz-links cmplz-information"> <a class="cmplz-link cmplz-manage-options cookie-statement" href="#" data-relative_url="#cmplz-manage-consent-container">Manage options</a> <a class="cmplz-link cmplz-manage-third-parties cookie-statement" href="#" data-relative_url="#cmplz-cookies-overview">Manage services</a> <a class="cmplz-link cmplz-manage-vendors tcf cookie-statement" href="#" data-relative_url="#cmplz-tcf-wrapper">Manage vendors</a> <a class="cmplz-link cmplz-external cmplz-read-more-purposes tcf" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" href="https://cookiedatabase.org/tcf/purposes/">Read more about these purposes</a> </div> <div class="cmplz-divider cmplz-footer"></div> <div class="cmplz-buttons"> <button class="cmplz-btn cmplz-accept">Accept</button> <button class="cmplz-btn cmplz-deny">Deny</button> <button class="cmplz-btn cmplz-view-preferences">View preferences</button> <button class="cmplz-btn cmplz-save-preferences">Save preferences</button> <a class="cmplz-btn cmplz-manage-options tcf cookie-statement" href="#" data-relative_url="#cmplz-manage-consent-container">View preferences</a> </div> <div class="cmplz-links cmplz-documents"> <a class="cmplz-link cookie-statement" href="#" data-relative_url="">{title}</a> <a class="cmplz-link privacy-statement" href="#" data-relative_url="">{title}</a> <a class="cmplz-link impressum" href="#" data-relative_url="">{title}</a> </div> </div> </div> <div id="cmplz-manage-consent" data-nosnippet="true"><button class="cmplz-btn cmplz-hidden cmplz-manage-consent manage-consent-1">Manage consent</button> </div><script type="text/javascript" id="qppr_frontend_scripts-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var qpprFrontData = {"linkData":[],"siteURL":"https:\/\/rsgb.org\/main","siteURLq":"https:\/\/rsgb.org"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://rsgb.org/main/wp-content/plugins/quick-pagepost-redirect-plugin/js/qppr_frontend_script.js?ver=5.0.7" id="qppr_frontend_scripts-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://rsgb.org/main/wp-content/plugins/responsive-accordion-and-collapse/js/bootstrap.js?ver=6.6.1" id="wpsm_ac_bootstrap-js-front-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://rsgb.org/main/wp-content/plugins/responsive-accordion-and-collapse/js/accordion.js?ver=6.6.1" id="call_ac-js-front-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://rsgb.org/main/wp-content/plugins/wp-gallery-custom-links/wp-gallery-custom-links.js?ver=1.1" id="wp-gallery-custom-links-js-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://rsgb.org/main/wp-includes/js/hoverIntent.min.js?ver=1.10.2" id="hoverIntent-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="megamenu-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var megamenu = {"effect":{"slide":{"in":{"animate":{"height":"show"},"css":{"display":"none"}},"out":{"animate":{"height":"hide"}}}},"timeout":"300","interval":"100"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://rsgb.org/main/wp-content/plugins/megamenu/js/maxmegamenu.js?ver=2.2.3.1" id="megamenu-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="cmplz-cookiebanner-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var complianz = {"prefix":"cmplz_","user_banner_id":"1","set_cookies":[],"block_ajax_content":"","banner_version":"55","version":"6.5.0","store_consent":"","do_not_track_enabled":"","consenttype":"optin","region":"uk","geoip":"","dismiss_timeout":"","disable_cookiebanner":"","soft_cookiewall":"","dismiss_on_scroll":"","cookie_expiry":"365","url":"https:\/\/rsgb.org\/main\/wp-json\/complianz\/v1\/","locale":"lang=en&locale=en_US","set_cookies_on_root":"","cookie_domain":"","current_policy_id":"33","cookie_path":"\/main\/","categories":{"statistics":"statistics","marketing":"marketing"},"tcf_active":"","placeholdertext":"Click to accept {category} cookies and enable this content","aria_label":"Click to accept {category} cookies and enable this content","css_file":"https:\/\/rsgb.org\/main\/files\/complianz\/css\/banner-{banner_id}-{type}.css?v=55","page_links":{"uk":{"cookie-statement":{"title":"Cookie Policy","url":"https:\/\/rsgb.org\/main\/privacy-policy\/cookies\/"},"privacy-statement":{"title":"Privacy Statement","url":"https:\/\/rsgb.org\/main\/privacy-policy\/"}}},"tm_categories":"","forceEnableStats":"","preview":"","clean_cookies":""}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script defer type="text/javascript" src="https://rsgb.org/main/wp-content/plugins/complianz-gdpr/cookiebanner/js/complianz.min.js?ver=6.5.0" id="cmplz-cookiebanner-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="cmplz-cookiebanner-js-after"> /* <![CDATA[ */ document.addEventListener("cmplz_run_after_all_scripts", cmplz_novo_fire_domContentLoadedEvent); function cmplz_novo_fire_domContentLoadedEvent() { window.document.dispatchEvent(new Event("DOMContentLoaded", { bubbles: true, cancelable: true })); } /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://rsgb.org/main/wp-includes/js/comment-reply.min.js?ver=6.6.1" id="comment-reply-js" async="async" data-wp-strategy="async"></script> <script type="text/plain" data-service="google-analytics" async data-category="statistics" data-cmplz-src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=UA-37452696-1"></script> <script type="text/plain" data-category="statistics">window['gtag_enable_tcf_support'] = false; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'UA-37452696-1', { cookie_flags:'secure;samesite=none', 'anonymize_ip': true }); </script><script> /* <![CDATA[ */ ai_front = {"insertion_before":"BEFORE","insertion_after":"AFTER","insertion_prepend":"PREPEND CONTENT","insertion_append":"APPEND CONTENT","insertion_replace_content":"REPLACE CONTENT","insertion_replace_element":"REPLACE ELEMENT","visible":"VISIBLE","hidden":"HIDDEN","fallback":"FALLBACK","automatically_placed":"Automatically placed by AdSense Auto ads code","cancel":"Cancel","use":"Use","add":"Add","parent":"Parent","cancel_element_selection":"Cancel element selection","select_parent_element":"Select parent element","css_selector":"CSS selector","use_current_selector":"Use current selector","element":"ELEMENT","path":"PATH","selector":"SELECTOR"}; /* ]]> */ function b2a(a){var b,c=0,l=0,f="",g=[];if(!a)return a;do{var e=a.charCodeAt(c++);var h=a.charCodeAt(c++);var k=a.charCodeAt(c++);var d=e<<16|h<<8|k;e=63&d>>18;h=63&d>>12;k=63&d>>6;d&=63;g[l++]="ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/=".charAt(e)+"ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/=".charAt(h)+"ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/=".charAt(k)+"ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/=".charAt(d)}while(c< a.length);return f=g.join(""),b=a.length%3,(b?f.slice(0,b-3):f)+"===".slice(b||3)}function a2b(a){var b,c,l,f={},g=0,e=0,h="",k=String.fromCharCode,d=a.length;for(b=0;64>b;b++)f["ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/".charAt(b)]=b;for(c=0;d>c;c++)for(b=f[a.charAt(c)],g=(g<<6)+b,e+=6;8<=e;)((l=255&g>>>(e-=8))||d-2>c)&&(h+=k(l));return h}b64e=function(a){return btoa(encodeURIComponent(a).replace(/%([0-9A-F]{2})/g,function(b,a){return String.fromCharCode("0x"+a)}))}; b64d=function(a){return decodeURIComponent(atob(a).split("").map(function(a){return"%"+("00"+a.charCodeAt(0).toString(16)).slice(-2)}).join(""))}; function ai_run_scripts(){var $jscomp=$jscomp||{};$jscomp.scope={};$jscomp.arrayIteratorImpl=function(a){var b=0;return function(){return b<a.length?{done:!1,value:a[b++]}:{done:!0}}};$jscomp.arrayIterator=function(a){return{next:$jscomp.arrayIteratorImpl(a)}};$jscomp.makeIterator=function(a){var b="undefined"!=typeof Symbol&&Symbol.iterator&&a[Symbol.iterator];return b?b.call(a):$jscomp.arrayIterator(a)}; (function(a){if("function"===typeof define&&define.amd){define(a);var b=!0}"object"===typeof exports&&(module.exports=a(),b=!0);if(!b){var f=window.Cookies,c=window.Cookies=a();c.noConflict=function(){window.Cookies=f;return c}}})(function(){function a(){for(var a=0,c={};a<arguments.length;a++){var b=arguments[a],e;for(e in b)c[e]=b[e]}return c}function b(f){function c(){}function d(b,e,d){if("undefined"!==typeof document){d=a({path:"/"},c.defaults,d);"number"===typeof d.expires&&(d.expires=new Date(1* new Date+864E5*d.expires));d.expires=d.expires?d.expires.toUTCString():"";try{var g=JSON.stringify(e);/^[\{\[]/.test(g)&&(e=g)}catch(n){}e=f.write?f.write(e,b):encodeURIComponent(String(e)).replace(/%(23|24|26|2B|3A|3C|3E|3D|2F|3F|40|5B|5D|5E|60|7B|7D|7C)/g,decodeURIComponent);b=encodeURIComponent(String(b)).replace(/%(23|24|26|2B|5E|60|7C)/g,decodeURIComponent).replace(/[]/g,escape);g="";for(var k in d)d[k]&&(g+="; "+k,!0!==d[k]&&(g+="="+d[k].split(";")[0]));return document.cookie=b+"="+e+g}} function e(a,b){if("undefined"!==typeof document){for(var c={},e=document.cookie?document.cookie.split("; "):[],d=0;d<e.length;d++){var g=e[d].split("="),h=g.slice(1).join("=");b||'"'!==h.charAt(0)||(h=h.slice(1,-1));try{var l=g[0].replace(/(%[0-9A-Z]{2})+/g,decodeURIComponent);h=(f.read||f)(h,l)||h.replace(/(%[0-9A-Z]{2})+/g,decodeURIComponent);if(b)try{h=JSON.parse(h)}catch(m){}c[l]=h;if(a===l)break}catch(m){}}return a?c[a]:c}}c.set=d;c.get=function(a){return e(a,!1)};c.getJSON=function(a){return e(a, !0)};c.remove=function(b,c){d(b,"",a(c,{expires:-1}))};c.defaults={};c.withConverter=b;return c}return b(function(){})});AiCookies=Cookies.noConflict(); ai_check_block=function(a){if(null==a)return!0;var b=AiCookies.getJSON("aiBLOCKS");ai_debug_cookie_status="";null==b&&(b={});"undefined"!==typeof ai_delay_showing_pageviews&&(b.hasOwnProperty(a)||(b[a]={}),b[a].hasOwnProperty("d")||(b[a].d=ai_delay_showing_pageviews));if(b.hasOwnProperty(a))for(var f in b[a]){if("x"==f){var c="",d=document.querySelectorAll('span[data-ai-block="'+a+'"]')[0];"aiHash"in d.dataset&&(c=d.dataset.aiHash);d="";b[a].hasOwnProperty("h")&&(d=b[a].h);var e=new Date;e=b[a][f]- Math.round(e.getTime()/1E3);if(0<e&&d==c)return ai_debug_cookie_status=a="closed for "+e+" s = "+Math.round(1E4*e/3600/24)/1E4+" days",!1;ai_set_cookie(a,"x","");b[a].hasOwnProperty("i")||b[a].hasOwnProperty("c")||ai_set_cookie(a,"h","")}else if("d"==f){if(0!=b[a][f])return ai_debug_cookie_status=a="delayed for "+b[a][f]+" pageviews",!1}else if("i"==f){c="";d=document.querySelectorAll('span[data-ai-block="'+a+'"]')[0];"aiHash"in d.dataset&&(c=d.dataset.aiHash);d="";b[a].hasOwnProperty("h")&&(d=b[a].h); if(0==b[a][f]&&d==c)return ai_debug_cookie_status=a="max impressions reached",!1;if(0>b[a][f]&&d==c){e=new Date;e=-b[a][f]-Math.round(e.getTime()/1E3);if(0<e)return ai_debug_cookie_status=a="max imp. reached ("+Math.round(1E4*e/24/3600)/1E4+" days = "+e+" s)",!1;ai_set_cookie(a,"i","");b[a].hasOwnProperty("c")||b[a].hasOwnProperty("x")||ai_set_cookie(a,"h","")}}if("ipt"==f&&0==b[a][f]&&(e=new Date,c=Math.round(e.getTime()/1E3),e=b[a].it-c,0<e))return ai_debug_cookie_status=a="max imp. per time reached ("+ Math.round(1E4*e/24/3600)/1E4+" days = "+e+" s)",!1;if("c"==f){c="";d=document.querySelectorAll('span[data-ai-block="'+a+'"]')[0];"aiHash"in d.dataset&&(c=d.dataset.aiHash);d="";b[a].hasOwnProperty("h")&&(d=b[a].h);if(0==b[a][f]&&d==c)return ai_debug_cookie_status=a="max clicks reached",!1;if(0>b[a][f]&&d==c){e=new Date;e=-b[a][f]-Math.round(e.getTime()/1E3);if(0<e)return ai_debug_cookie_status=a="max clicks reached ("+Math.round(1E4*e/24/3600)/1E4+" days = "+e+" s)",!1;ai_set_cookie(a,"c","");b[a].hasOwnProperty("i")|| b[a].hasOwnProperty("x")||ai_set_cookie(a,"h","")}}if("cpt"==f&&0==b[a][f]&&(e=new Date,c=Math.round(e.getTime()/1E3),e=b[a].ct-c,0<e))return ai_debug_cookie_status=a="max clicks per time reached ("+Math.round(1E4*e/24/3600)/1E4+" days = "+e+" s)",!1}ai_debug_cookie_status="OK";return!0}; ai_check_and_insert_block=function(a,b){if(null==a)return!0;var f=document.getElementsByClassName(b);if(f.length){f=f[0];var c=f.closest(".code-block");if(ai_check_block(a))ai_insert_code(f),c&&(c.classList.remove("ai-list-block"),c.style.visibility="",c.classList.contains("ai-remove-position")&&(c.style.position=""));else{var d=f.closest("div[data-ai]");if(null!=d&&"undefined"!=typeof d.getAttribute("data-ai")){var e=JSON.parse(b64d(d.getAttribute("data-ai")));"undefined"!==typeof e&& e.constructor===Array&&(e[1]="",d.setAttribute("data-ai",b64e(JSON.stringify(e))))}d=c.querySelectorAll(".ai-debug-block");c&&d.length&&(c.classList.remove("ai-list-block"),c.style.visibility="",c.classList.contains("ai-remove-position")&&(c.style.position=""))}f.classList.remove(b)}f=document.querySelectorAll("."+b+"-dbg");f=$jscomp.makeIterator(f);for(c=f.next();!c.done;c=f.next())c=c.value,c.querySelector(".ai-status").textContent=ai_debug_cookie_status,c.querySelector(".ai-cookie-data").textContent= ai_get_cookie_text(a),c.classList.remove(b+"-dbg")};function ai_load_cookie(){var a=AiCookies.getJSON("aiBLOCKS");null==a&&(a={});return a}function ai_get_cookie(a,b){var f="",c=ai_load_cookie();c.hasOwnProperty(a)&&c[a].hasOwnProperty(b)&&(f=c[a][b]);return f} function ai_set_cookie(a,b,f){var c=ai_load_cookie();if(""===f){if(c.hasOwnProperty(a)){delete c[a][b];a:{b=c[a];for(d in b)if(b.hasOwnProperty(d)){var d=!1;break a}d=!0}d&&delete c[a]}}else c.hasOwnProperty(a)||(c[a]={}),c[a][b]=f;0===Object.keys(c).length&&c.constructor===Object?AiCookies.remove("aiBLOCKS"):AiCookies.set("aiBLOCKS",c,{expires:365,path:"/"});return c} ai_get_cookie_text=function(a){var b=AiCookies.getJSON("aiBLOCKS");null==b&&(b={});return b.hasOwnProperty(a)?JSON.stringify(b[a]).replace(/"/g,"").replace("{","").replace("}",""):""}; jQuery(function(a){function q(){a("div.ai-rotate.ai-rotation-groups").each(function(b,k){a(this).addClass("ai-timer");ai_process_rotation(this)})}var l=[];ai_process_rotation=function(b){if(a(b).hasClass("ai-unprocessed")||a(b).hasClass("ai-timer"))if(a(b).removeClass("ai-unprocessed").removeClass("ai-timer"),l.includes(b.selector)&&l.splice(l.indexOf(b.selector),1),"number"==typeof b.length)for(var k=0;k<b.length;k++)0==k?ai_process_single_rotation(b[k],!0):ai_process_single_rotation(b[k],!1);else ai_process_single_rotation(b, !0)};ai_process_single_rotation=function(b,k){var h=a(b).children(".ai-rotate-option");if(0!=h.length){h.hide();if("undefined"==typeof a(b).data("next"))if("undefined"!=typeof a(h[0]).data("group")){var g=-1,p=[];a("span[data-ai-groups]").each(function(b){(a(this)[0].offsetWidth||a(this)[0].offsetHeight||a(this)[0].getClientRects().length)&&p.push(this)});1<=p.length&&JSON.parse(b64d(a(p).first().data("ai-groups"))).forEach(function(b,c){-1==g&&h.each(function(c){if(b64d(a(this).data("group"))==b)return g= c,!1})})}else{var e=a(b).data("shares");if("string"===typeof e){e=JSON.parse(atob(e));var f=Math.round(100*Math.random());for(var c=0;c<e.length&&(g=c,0>e[c]||!(f<=e[c]));c++);}else e=a(b).hasClass("ai-unique"),f=new Date,e?("number"!=typeof ai_rotation_seed&&(ai_rotation_seed=(Math.floor(1E3*Math.random())+f.getMilliseconds())%h.length),e=a(b).data("counter"),g=ai_rotation_seed+e,g>=h.length&&(g-=h.length)):(g=Math.floor(Math.random()*h.length),f.getMilliseconds()%2&&(g=h.length-g-1))}else g=parseInt(a(b).attr("data-next")), f=a(h[g]),"undefined"!=typeof f.data("code")&&(f=a(b64d(f.data("code")))),0!=f.find("span[data-ai-groups]").addBack("span[data-ai-groups]").length&&0!=a(".ai-rotation-groups").length&&setTimeout(function(){q()},5);if(!(0>g||g>=h.length)){f=a(h[g]);e="";if("undefined"!=typeof f.data("time")){c=atob(f.data("time"));if(0==c&&1<h.length){var d=g;do{d++;d>=h.length&&(d=0);var m=a(h[d]);if("undefined"==typeof m.data("time")){g=d;f=a(h[g]);c=0;break}m=atob(m.data("time"))}while(0==m&&d!=g);0!=c&&(g=d,f= a(h[g]),c=atob(f.data("time")))}if(0<c&&(d=g+1,d>=h.length&&(d=0),"undefined"!=typeof a(b).data("info"))){e=JSON.parse(atob(a(b).data("info")))[0];a(b).attr("data-next",d);var n="div.ai-rotate.ai-"+e;l.includes(n)&&(k=!1);k&&(l.push(n),setTimeout(function(){a(n).addClass("ai-timer");ai_process_rotation(a(n))},1E3*c));e=" ("+c+" s)"}}else"undefined"==typeof f.data("group")&&h.each(function(b){b!=g&&a(this).remove()});f.css({display:"",visibility:"",position:"",width:"",height:"",top:"",left:""}).removeClass("ai-rotate-hidden").removeClass("ai-rotate-hidden-2"); a(b).css({position:""});"undefined"!=typeof f.data("code")&&(h.empty(),c=b64d(f.data("code")),f.append(c),ai_process_elements());f=b64d(f.data("name"));d=a(b).closest(".ai-debug-block");0!=d.length&&(c=d.find("kbd.ai-option-name"),d=d.find(".ai-debug-block"),"undefined"!=typeof d&&(d=d.find("kbd.ai-option-name"),c=c.slice(0,c.length-d.length)),"undefined"!=typeof c&&(d=c.first().data("separator"),"undefined"==typeof d&&(d=""),c.html(d+f+e)));c=!1;d=a(b).closest(".ai-adb-show");0!=d.length&&d.attr("data-ai-tracking")&& (e=JSON.parse(b64d(d.attr("data-ai-tracking"))),"undefined"!==typeof e&&e.constructor===Array&&(e[1]=g+1,e[3]=f,d.attr("data-ai-tracking",b64e(JSON.stringify(e))),c=!0));c||(c=a(b).closest("div[data-ai]"),"undefined"!=typeof c.attr("data-ai")&&(e=JSON.parse(b64d(c.attr("data-ai"))),"undefined"!==typeof e&&e.constructor===Array&&(e[1]=g+1,e[3]=f,c.attr("data-ai",b64e(JSON.stringify(e))))))}}};ai_process_rotations=function(){a("div.ai-rotate").each(function(a,k){ai_process_rotation(this)})};ai_process_rotations_in_element= function(b){a("div.ai-rotate",b).each(function(a,b){ai_process_rotation(this)})};a(document).ready(function(a){setTimeout(function(){ai_process_rotations()},10)})});ai_process_elements_active=!1; function ai_process_elements(){ai_process_elements_active||setTimeout(function(){ai_process_elements_active=!1;"function"==typeof ai_process_rotations&&ai_process_rotations();"function"==typeof ai_process_lists&&ai_process_lists(jQuery("div.ai-list-data"));"function"==typeof ai_process_ip_addresses&&ai_process_ip_addresses(jQuery("div.ai-ip-data"));"function"==typeof ai_adb_process_blocks&&ai_adb_process_blocks()},5);ai_process_elements_active=!0}; (function(a,r){"function"===typeof define&&define.amd?define(["jquery"],function(a){return r(a)}):"object"===typeof module&&module.exports?module.exports=r(require("jquery")):r(a.jQuery)})(this,function(a){(function(a){a.fn.iframeTracker=function(k){"function"==typeof k&&(k={blurCallback:k});var e=this.get();if(null===k||!1===k)a.iframeTracker.untrack(e);else if("object"==typeof k)a.iframeTracker.track(e,k);else throw Error("Wrong handler type (must be an object, or null|false to untrack)");return this}; a.iframeTracker={focusRetriever:null,focusRetrieved:!1,handlersList:[],isIE8AndOlder:!1,init:function(){try{!0===a.browser.msie&&9>a.browser.version&&(this.isIE8AndOlder=!0)}catch(e){try{9>navigator.userAgent.match(/(msie) ([\w.]+)/i)[2]&&(this.isIE8AndOlder=!0)}catch(m){}}a(window).focus();a(window).blur(function(e){a.iframeTracker.windowLoseFocus(e)});a("body").append('<div style="position:fixed; top:0; left:0; overflow:hidden;"><input style="position:absolute; left:-300px;" type="text" value="" id="focus_retriever" readonly="true" /></div>'); this.focusRetriever=a("#focus_retriever");this.focusRetrieved=!1;var k=this;a(document).mousemove(function(e){!document.activeElement||"IFRAME"!==document.activeElement.tagName||document.activeElement.hasAttribute("id")&&0===a(document.activeElement).attr("id").indexOf("dsq-")||(a.iframeTracker.focusRetriever.focus(),a.iframeTracker.focusRetrieved=!0);if(document.activeElement&&"A"==document.activeElement.tagName)for(var m in k.handlersList)try{k.handlersList[m].focusCallback(document.activeElement)}catch(v){}}); if(this.isIE8AndOlder){this.focusRetriever.blur(function(e){e.stopPropagation();e.preventDefault();a.iframeTracker.windowLoseFocus(e)});a("body").click(function(e){a(window).focus()});a("form").click(function(a){a.stopPropagation()});try{a("body").on("click","form",function(a){a.stopPropagation()})}catch(e){console.log("[iframeTracker] Please update jQuery to 1.7 or newer. (exception: "+e.message+")")}}},track:function(k,e){e.target=k;a.iframeTracker.handlersList.push(e);a(k).bind("mouseover",{handler:e}, a.iframeTracker.mouseoverListener).bind("mouseout",{handler:e},a.iframeTracker.mouseoutListener)},untrack:function(k){if("function"!=typeof Array.prototype.filter)console.log("Your browser doesn't support Array filter, untrack disabled");else{a(k).each(function(e){a(this).unbind("mouseover",a.iframeTracker.mouseoverListener).unbind("mouseout",a.iframeTracker.mouseoutListener)});var e=function(a){return null===a?!1:!0},m;for(m in this.handlersList){for(var r in this.handlersList[m].target)-1!==a.inArray(this.handlersList[m].target[r], k)&&(this.handlersList[m].target[r]=null);this.handlersList[m].target=this.handlersList[m].target.filter(e);0===this.handlersList[m].target.length&&(this.handlersList[m]=null)}this.handlersList=this.handlersList.filter(e)}},mouseoverListener:function(a){a.data.handler.over=!0;try{a.data.handler.overCallback(this,a)}catch(e){}},mouseoutListener:function(k){k.data.handler.over=!1;a.iframeTracker.focusRetriever.focus();try{k.data.handler.outCallback(this,k)}catch(e){}},windowLoseFocus:function(a){for(var e in this.handlersList)if(!0=== this.handlersList[e].over)try{this.handlersList[e].blurCallback(a)}catch(m){}}};a(document).ready(function(){a.iframeTracker.init()})})(a)});ai_tracking_finished=!1; jQuery(document).ready(function(a){function r(a,e,h,b,d,n,g){a=a.replace("[EVENT]",e);a=a.replace("[BLOCK_NUMBER]",h);a=a.replace("[BLOCK_NAME]",b);a=a.replace("[BLOCK_COUNTER]",d);a=a.replace("[VERSION_NUMBER]",n);a=a.replace("[VERSION_NAME]",g);a=a.replace("[BLOCK_VERSION_NUMBER]",h+(0==n?"":" - "+n));return a=a.replace("[BLOCK_VERSION_NAME]",b+(""==g?"":" - "+g))}function k(a,e,h,b,d,n,g){var c=r("Ad Inserter Pro",a,e,h,b,d,n),l=r("[EVENT]",a,e,h,b,d,n),q=r("[BLOCK_NUMBER] - [BLOCK_VERSION_NAME]",a,e,h,b,d,n);if("function"!= typeof ai_external_tracking_event||0!=ai_external_tracking_event({event:a,block:e,block_name:h,block_counter:b,version:d,version_name:n},c,l,q,g))"function"==typeof window.gtag?gtag("event","impression",{event_category:c,event_action:l,event_label:q,non_interaction:g}):"function"==typeof window.ga?ga("send","event",{eventCategory:c,eventAction:l,eventLabel:q,nonInteraction:g}):"function"==typeof window.__gaTracker?__gaTracker("send","event",{eventCategory:c,eventAction:l,eventLabel:q,nonInteraction:g}): "object"==typeof _gaq&&_gaq.push(["_trackEvent",c,l,q,void 0,g]),"object"==typeof _paq&&_paq.push(["trackEvent",c,l,q])}function e(c,l){var h=c[0],b=c[1];if(Number.isInteger(b))if("undefined"==typeof ai_check_data&&"undefined"==typeof ai_check_data_timeout)ai_check_data_timeout=!0,setTimeout(function(){e(c,l)},2500);else{ai_cookie=ai_load_cookie();for(var d in ai_cookie)if(parseInt(h)==parseInt(d))for(var n in ai_cookie[d])if("c"==n){var g=ai_cookie[d][n];if(0<g)if(ai_set_cookie(d,"c",g-1),1==g){g= a("span[data-ai-block="+h+"]").data("ai-cfp-time");var f=new Date;f=Math.round(f.getTime()/1E3);var p=f+604800;ai_set_cookie(d,"c",-p);setTimeout(function(){a("span[data-ai-block="+h+"]").closest("div[data-ai]").remove()},50);"undefined"!=typeof g&&(p=f+86400*g,ai_set_cookie(h,"x",p),a("span.ai-cfp").each(function(b){b=a(this).data("ai-block");var d=a(this);setTimeout(function(){d.closest("div[data-ai]").remove()},50);ai_set_cookie(b,"x",p)}))}else ai_set_cookie(d,"c",g-1)}else if("cpt"==n)if(g=ai_cookie[d][n], 0<g){if(ai_set_cookie(d,"cpt",g-1),1==g){g=a("span[data-ai-block="+h+"]").data("ai-cfp-time");f=new Date;f=Math.round(f.getTime()/1E3);var q=a(this);setTimeout(function(){q.closest("div[data-ai]").remove()},50);"undefined"!=typeof g&&(p=f+86400*g,ai_set_cookie(h,"x",p),a("span.ai-cfp").each(function(b){b=a(this).data("ai-block");var d=a(this);setTimeout(function(){d.closest("div[data-ai]").remove()},50);ai_set_cookie(b,"x",p)}))}}else ai_check_data.hasOwnProperty(d)&&ai_check_data[d].hasOwnProperty("cpt")&& ai_check_data[d].hasOwnProperty("ct")?ai_cookie.hasOwnProperty(d)&&ai_cookie[d].hasOwnProperty("ct")&&(f=new Date,0>=ai_cookie[d].ct-Math.round(f.getTime()/1E3)&&(f=Math.round(f.getTime()/1E3),ai_set_cookie(d,"cpt",ai_check_data[d].cpt-1),ai_set_cookie(d,"ct",Math.round(f+86400*ai_check_data[d].ct)))):(ai_cookie.hasOwnProperty(d)&&ai_cookie[d].hasOwnProperty("cpt")&&ai_set_cookie(d,"cpt",""),ai_cookie.hasOwnProperty(d)&&ai_cookie[d].hasOwnProperty("ct")&&ai_set_cookie(d,"ct",""));t&&a.ajax({url:"/main/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php", type:"post",data:{action:"ai_ajax",ai_check:"4c963b8298",click:h,version:b,type:l},async:!0}).done(function(b){});if(u){var x=c[2],y=c[3];k("click",h,x,c[4],b,y,!1)}"function"==typeof ai_click_action&&ai_click_action(h,x,b,y)}}function m(){ai_check_data={};if("undefined"==typeof ai_iframe){ai_cookie=ai_load_cookie();a(".ai-check-block").each(function(){var b=a(this).data("ai-block"),d=a(this).data("ai-delay-pv"),c=a(this).data("ai-every-pv"),e=a(this).data("ai-hash"),f=a(this).data("ai-max-imp"),h= a(this).data("ai-limit-imp-per-time"),q=a(this).data("ai-limit-imp-time"),l=a(this).data("ai-max-clicks"),k=a(this).data("ai-limit-clicks-per-time"),m=a(this).data("ai-limit-clicks-time");if("undefined"!=typeof d&&0<d){ai_check_data.hasOwnProperty(b)||(ai_check_data[b]={});ai_check_data[b].d=d;var w="";ai_cookie.hasOwnProperty(b)&&ai_cookie[b].hasOwnProperty("d")&&(w=ai_cookie[b].d);""===w&&ai_set_cookie(b,"d",d-1)}"undefined"!=typeof c&&2<=c&&(ai_check_data.hasOwnProperty(b)||(ai_check_data[b]={}), "undefined"!==typeof ai_delay_showing_pageviews||ai_cookie.hasOwnProperty(b)&&ai_cookie[b].hasOwnProperty("d")||(ai_cookie.hasOwnProperty(b)||(ai_cookie[b]={}),ai_cookie[b].d=0),ai_check_data[b].e=c);if("undefined"!=typeof f&&0<f){if(ai_check_data.hasOwnProperty(b)||(ai_check_data[b]={}),ai_check_data[b].i=f,ai_check_data[b].h=e,c=d="",ai_cookie.hasOwnProperty(b)&&(ai_cookie[b].hasOwnProperty("i")&&(c=ai_cookie[b].i),ai_cookie[b].hasOwnProperty("h")&&(d=ai_cookie[b].h)),""===c||d!=e)ai_set_cookie(b, "i",f),ai_set_cookie(b,"h",e)}else ai_cookie.hasOwnProperty(b)&&ai_cookie[b].hasOwnProperty("i")&&(ai_set_cookie(b,"i",""),ai_cookie[b].hasOwnProperty("c")||ai_cookie[b].hasOwnProperty("x")||ai_set_cookie(b,"h",""));if("undefined"!=typeof h&&0<h&&"undefined"!=typeof q&&0<q){ai_check_data.hasOwnProperty(b)||(ai_check_data[b]={});ai_check_data[b].ipt=h;ai_check_data[b].it=q;f=d="";ai_cookie.hasOwnProperty(b)&&(ai_cookie[b].hasOwnProperty("ipt")&&(d=ai_cookie[b].ipt),ai_cookie[b].hasOwnProperty("it")&& (f=ai_cookie[b].it));if(""===d||""===f)ai_set_cookie(b,"ipt",h),d=new Date,d=Math.round(d.getTime()/1E3),ai_set_cookie(b,"it",Math.round(d+86400*q));0<f&&(d=new Date,d=Math.round(d.getTime()/1E3),f<=d&&(ai_set_cookie(b,"ipt",h),ai_set_cookie(b,"it",Math.round(d+86400*q))))}else ai_cookie.hasOwnProperty(b)&&(ai_cookie[b].hasOwnProperty("ipt")&&ai_set_cookie(b,"ipt",""),ai_cookie[b].hasOwnProperty("it")&&ai_set_cookie(b,"it",""));if("undefined"!=typeof l&&0<l){if(ai_check_data.hasOwnProperty(b)||(ai_check_data[b]= {}),ai_check_data[b].c=l,ai_check_data[b].h=e,h=d="",ai_cookie.hasOwnProperty(b)&&(ai_cookie[b].hasOwnProperty("c")&&(h=ai_cookie[b].c),ai_cookie[b].hasOwnProperty("h")&&(d=ai_cookie[b].h)),""===h||d!=e)ai_set_cookie(b,"c",l),ai_set_cookie(b,"h",e)}else ai_cookie.hasOwnProperty(b)&&ai_cookie[b].hasOwnProperty("c")&&(ai_set_cookie(b,"c",""),ai_cookie[b].hasOwnProperty("i")||ai_cookie[b].hasOwnProperty("x")||ai_set_cookie(b,"h",""));if("undefined"!=typeof k&&0<k&&"undefined"!=typeof m&&0<m){ai_check_data.hasOwnProperty(b)|| (ai_check_data[b]={});ai_check_data[b].cpt=k;ai_check_data[b].ct=m;e=l="";ai_cookie.hasOwnProperty(b)&&(ai_cookie[b].hasOwnProperty("cpt")&&(l=ai_cookie[b].cpt),ai_cookie[b].hasOwnProperty("ct")&&(e=ai_cookie[b].ct));if(""===l||""===e)ai_set_cookie(b,"cpt",k),d=new Date,d=Math.round(d.getTime()/1E3),ai_set_cookie(b,"ct",Math.round(d+86400*m));0<e&&(d=new Date,d=Math.round(d.getTime()/1E3),e<=d&&(ai_set_cookie(b,"cpt",k),ai_set_cookie(b,"ct",Math.round(d+86400*m))))}else ai_cookie.hasOwnProperty(b)&& (ai_cookie[b].hasOwnProperty("cpt")&&ai_set_cookie(b,"cpt",""),ai_cookie[b].hasOwnProperty("ct")&&ai_set_cookie(b,"ct",""))});for(var c in ai_cookie)for(var e in ai_cookie[c])if("d"==e){var h=ai_cookie[c][e];0<h?ai_set_cookie(c,"d",h-1):ai_check_data.hasOwnProperty(c)&&ai_check_data[c].hasOwnProperty("e")?ai_set_cookie(c,"d",ai_check_data[c].e-1):ai_check_data.hasOwnProperty(c)&&ai_check_data[c].hasOwnProperty("d")||ai_set_cookie(c,"d","")}}}function v(){if(A){var c=document.documentElement.clientWidth, e=window.innerWidth,h=c<e?e:c,b=0;a.each(B,function(a,d){if(h>=d)return b=C[a],!1});c=jQuery(b64d("Ym9keQ==")).attr(b64d ('ZGF0YS1kYXRhLW1hc2s='));if("string"===typeof c)var d=c==b64d("bWFzaw==");"string"===typeof c&&"boolean"===typeof d&&d&&(u&&k("ad blocking",0,D[b-1],0,0,"",!0),b|=128);t&&a.ajax({url:"/main/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php",type:"post",data:{action:"ai_ajax",ai_check:"4c963b8298",views:[0],versions:[b]},async:!0}).done(function(b){})}m();ai_tracking_finished=!0;ai_process_impressions()}var t=1, u=1,A=0,z=0,B=[980,768,0],C=[1,2,3],D=JSON.parse(b64d("WyJEZXNrdG9wIiwiVGFibGV0IiwiUGhvbmUiXQ=="));Number.isInteger=Number.isInteger||function(a){return"number"===typeof a&&isFinite(a)&&Math.floor(a)===a};ai_install_standard_click_trackers=function(c){"undefined"==typeof c&&(c=a("body"));c=a("div.ai-track[data-ai]:visible a",c);var l=a();c.each(function(){var c=a(this).find("div.ai-lazy"),b=a(this).find("div.ai-manual");0==c.length&&0==b.length&& (l=l.add(a(this)))});c=l;c.removeClass("ai-track");0!=c.length&&(z?c.click(function(){for(var c=a(this).closest("div[data-ai]");"undefined"!=typeof c.attr("data-ai");){var b=JSON.parse(b64d(c.attr("data-ai")));"undefined"!==typeof b&&b.constructor===Array&&Number.isInteger(b[1])&&!c.hasClass("clicked")&&(c.addClass("clicked"),e(b,"a.click"));c=c.parent().closest("div[data-ai]")}}):c.click(function(){for(var c=a(this).closest("div[data-ai]");"undefined"!=typeof c.attr("data-ai");){var b=JSON.parse(b64d(c.attr("data-ai"))); "undefined"!==typeof b&&b.constructor===Array&&Number.isInteger(b[1])&&(e(b,"a.click"),clicked=!0);c=c.parent().closest("div[data-ai]")}}))};ai_install_click_trackers=function(c){"undefined"==typeof c&&(c=a("body"));if(z){var l=a("div.ai-track[data-ai]:visible, div.ai-rotate[data-info]:visible div.ai-track[data-ai]",c);"undefined"!=typeof a(c).attr("data-ai")&&a(c).hasClass("ai-track")&&a(c).is(":visible")&&(l=l.add(c));var h=a();l.each(function(){var b=a(this).find("div.ai-lazy"),c=a(this).find("div.ai-manual"); 0==b.length&&0==c.length&&(h=h.add(a(this)))});l=h;l.removeClass("ai-track");0!=l.length&&l.iframeTracker({blurCallback:function(){if(null!=this.ai_data&&null!=wrapper&&!wrapper.hasClass("clicked")){wrapper.addClass("clicked");e(this.ai_data,"blurCallback");for(var b=wrapper.find("div[data-ai]:visible");"undefined"!=typeof b.attr("data-ai");){var a=JSON.parse(b64d(b.attr("data-ai")));"undefined"!==typeof a&&a.constructor===Array&&Number.isInteger(a[1])&&e(a,"blurCallback INNER");b=b.find("div[data-ai]:visible")}}}, overCallback:function(b){b=a(b).closest("div[data-ai]");if("undefined"!=typeof b.attr("data-ai")){var c=JSON.parse(b64d(b.attr("data-ai")));"undefined"!==typeof c&&c.constructor===Array&&Number.isInteger(c[1])?(wrapper=b,this.ai_data=c):(null!=wrapper&&wrapper.removeClass("clicked"),this.ai_data=wrapper=null)}},outCallback:function(b){null!=wrapper&&wrapper.removeClass("clicked");this.ai_data=wrapper=null},focusCallback:function(b){if(null!=this.ai_data&&null!=wrapper&&!wrapper.hasClass("clicked"))for(wrapper.addClass("clicked"), e(this.ai_data,"focusCallback"),b=wrapper.find("div[data-ai]:visible");"undefined"!=typeof b.attr("data-ai");){var a=JSON.parse(b64d(b.attr("data-ai")));"undefined"!==typeof a&&a.constructor===Array&&Number.isInteger(a[1])&&e(a,"focusCallback INNER");b=b.find("div[data-ai]:visible")}},wrapper:null,ai_data:null,block:null,version:null})}ai_install_standard_click_trackers(c)};ai_process_impressions=function(c){"undefined"==typeof c&&(c=a("body"));var e=[],h=[],b=[],d=[],m=[],g=a("div.ai-track[data-ai]:visible, div.ai-rotate[data-info]:visible div.ai-track[data-ai]", c);"undefined"!=typeof a(c).attr("data-ai")&&a(c).hasClass("ai-track")&&a(c).is(":visible")&&(g=g.add(c));0!=g.length&&a(g).each(function(){if("undefined"!=typeof a(this).attr("data-ai")){var c=JSON.parse(b64d(a(this).attr("data-ai")));if("undefined"!==typeof c&&c.constructor===Array){var f=0,k=a(this).find("div.ai-rotate[data-info]");1==k.length&&(f=JSON.parse(b64d(k.data("info")))[1]);if(Number.isInteger(c[0])&&0!=c[0]&&Number.isInteger(c[1])){k=0;var l=a(this).hasClass("ai-no-tracking"),g=jQuery(b64d("Ym9keQ==")).attr(b64d ('ZGF0YS1kYXRhLW1hc2s=')); if("string"===typeof g)var n=g==b64d("bWFzaw==");if("string"===typeof g&&"boolean"===typeof n){var p=a(this).outerHeight();g=a(this).find(".ai-attributes");g.length&&g.each(function(){p>=a(this).outerHeight()&&(p-=a(this).outerHeight())});g=a(this).find(".ai-code");g.length&&(p=0,g.each(function(){p+=a(this).outerHeight()}));n&&0===p&&(k=128)}n=a(this).find("div.ai-lazy");g=a(this).find("div.ai-manual");if(0!=n.length||0!=g.length)l=!0;if(!l)if(0==f)e.push(c[0]),h.push(c[1]|k),b.push(c[2]),d.push(c[3]), m.push(c[4]);else for(l=1;l<=f;l++)e.push(c[0]),h.push(l|k),b.push(c[2]),d.push(c[3]),m.push(c[4])}}}});ai_cookie=ai_load_cookie();for(var f in ai_cookie)if(e.includes(parseInt(f)))for(var p in ai_cookie[f])"i"==p?(c=ai_cookie[f][p],0<c&&(1==c?(c=new Date,c=Math.round(c.getTime()/1E3)+604800,ai_set_cookie(f,"i",-c)):ai_set_cookie(f,"i",c-1))):"ipt"==p&&(c=ai_cookie[f][p],0<c?ai_set_cookie(f,"ipt",c-1):ai_check_data.hasOwnProperty(f)&&ai_check_data[f].hasOwnProperty("ipt")&&ai_check_data[f].hasOwnProperty("it")? ai_cookie.hasOwnProperty(f)&&ai_cookie[f].hasOwnProperty("it")&&(c=new Date,0>=ai_cookie[f].it-Math.round(c.getTime()/1E3)&&(c=Math.round(c.getTime()/1E3),ai_set_cookie(f,"ipt",ai_check_data[f].ipt),ai_set_cookie(f,"it",Math.round(c+86400*ai_check_data[f].it)))):(ai_cookie.hasOwnProperty(f)&&ai_cookie[f].hasOwnProperty("ipt")&&ai_set_cookie(f,"ipt",""),ai_cookie.hasOwnProperty(f)&&ai_cookie[f].hasOwnProperty("it")&&ai_set_cookie(f,"it","")));if(e.length&&(t&&a.ajax({url:"/main/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php", type:"post",data:{action:"ai_ajax",ai_check:"4c963b8298",views:e,versions:h},async:!0}).done(function(a){a=a.trim();if(""!=a&&(a=JSON.parse(a),"undefined"!=typeof a["#"])){var b=Math.round((new Date).getTime()/1E3)+43200,c;for(c in a["#"])ai_cookie.hasOwnProperty(a["#"][c])&&ai_cookie[a["#"][c]].hasOwnProperty("x")||ai_set_cookie(a["#"][c],"x",b)}}),u))for(f=0;f<e.length;f++)k("impression",e[f],b[f],m[f],h[f],d[f],!0)};jQuery(window).on("load",function(){setTimeout(v,1200);setTimeout(ai_install_click_trackers, 1300)})}); ai_js_code = true; } function ai_wait_for_jquery(){function b(b,c){var a=document.createElement("script");a.src=b;var d=document.getElementsByTagName("head")[0],e=!1;a.onload=a.onreadystatechange=function(){e||this.readyState&&"loaded"!=this.readyState&&"complete"!=this.readyState||(e=!0,c&&c(),a.onload=a.onreadystatechange=null,d.removeChild(a))};d.appendChild(a)}window.jQuery?ai_run_scripts():(ai_jquery_waiting_counter++,4==ai_jquery_waiting_counter&&b("https://rsgb.org/main/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.js?ver=3.7.1",function(){b("https://rsgb.org/main/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js?ver=6.6.1",null)}),30>ai_jquery_waiting_counter&& setTimeout(function(){ai_wait_for_jquery()},50))}ai_jquery_waiting_counter=0;ai_wait_for_jquery(); </script> </body> </html>