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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Edmund Sears Morgan</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1916-01-17</span>)</span>January 17, 1916<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Minneapolis" title="Minneapolis">Minneapolis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Minnesota" title="Minnesota">Minnesota</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">July 8, 2013<span style="display:none">(2013-07-08)</span> (aged 97)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/New_Haven,_Connecticut" title="New Haven, Connecticut">New Haven, Connecticut</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a> (<a href="/wiki/B._A." class="mw-redirect" title="B. A.">BA</a>, <a href="/wiki/PhD" class="mw-redirect" title="PhD">PhD</a>)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/London_School_of_Economics" title="London School of Economics">London School of Economics</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><b>Scientific career</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institutions</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago" title="University of Chicago">University of Chicago</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Brown_University" title="Brown University">Brown University</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale University</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Doctoral_advisor" title="Doctoral advisor">Doctoral advisor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Perry_Miller" title="Perry Miller">Perry Miller</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Doctoral students</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Ellis" title="Joseph Ellis">Joseph Ellis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christine_Leigh_Heyrman" title="Christine Leigh Heyrman">Christine Leigh Heyrman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_H._Mann" title="Bruce H. Mann">Bruce H. Mann</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Edmund Sears Morgan</b> (January 17, 1916 – July 8, 2013) was an American historian and an authority on early <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States" title="History of the United States">American history</a>. He was the <a href="/wiki/Sterling_Professor" title="Sterling Professor">Sterling Professor</a> of History at <a href="/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale University</a>, where he taught from 1955 to 1986.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He specialized in <a href="/wiki/Colonial_history_of_the_United_States" title="Colonial history of the United States">American colonial history</a>, with some attention to <a href="/wiki/History_of_England" title="History of England">English history</a>. Thomas S. Kidd says he was noted for his incisive writing style, "simply one of the best academic prose stylists America has ever produced."<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He covered many topics, including <a href="/wiki/Puritanism" class="mw-redirect" title="Puritanism">Puritanism</a>, political ideas, the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">American Revolution</a>, slavery, <a href="/wiki/Historiography" title="Historiography">historiography</a>, family life, and numerous notables such as <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin">Benjamin Franklin</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edmund_Morgan_(historian)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Morgan was born in <a href="/wiki/Minneapolis" title="Minneapolis">Minneapolis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Minnesota" title="Minnesota">Minnesota</a>, the second child of Edmund Morris Morgan and Elsie Smith Morgan.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His mother was from a <a href="/wiki/Yankee" title="Yankee">Yankee</a> family that practiced <a href="/wiki/Christian_Science" title="Christian Science">Christian Science</a>, though she distanced herself from that faith. His father, descended from <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Welsh</a> coal miners, taught law at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Minnesota" title="University of Minnesota">University of Minnesota</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Murrin_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Murrin-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His sister was <a href="/wiki/Roberta_Wohlstetter" title="Roberta Wohlstetter">Roberta Mary Morgan (later Wohlstetter)</a>, also a historian and, like Edmund, a winner of the <a href="/wiki/Bancroft_Prize" title="Bancroft Prize">Bancroft Prize</a>. </p><p>In 1925, the family moved from <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, to <a href="/wiki/Arlington,_Massachusetts" title="Arlington, Massachusetts">Arlington, Massachusetts</a>, when their father was appointed a professor at <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Law_School" title="Harvard Law School">Harvard Law School</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTimes_Obit_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTimes_Obit-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Morgan attended <a href="/wiki/Belmont_Hill_School" title="Belmont Hill School">Belmont Hill School</a> in <a href="/wiki/Belmont,_Massachusetts" title="Belmont, Massachusetts">Belmont, Massachusetts</a>, and then enrolled at <a href="/wiki/Harvard_College" title="Harvard College">Harvard College</a>, where he initially intended to study English history and literature. But after taking a course in American literature with <a href="/wiki/F._O._Matthiessen" title="F. O. Matthiessen">F. O. Matthiessen</a>, he switched to the new major of American civilization (history and literature), with <a href="/wiki/Perry_Miller" title="Perry Miller">Perry Miller</a> as his tutor. He received his bachelor's degree from Harvard in 1937. Then, at the urging of the jurist and family friend <a href="/wiki/Felix_Frankfurter" title="Felix Frankfurter">Felix Frankfurter</a>, Morgan began attending lectures at the <a href="/wiki/London_School_of_Economics" title="London School of Economics">London School of Economics</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTimes_Obit_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTimes_Obit-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1942, Morgan earned his <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Philosophy" title="Doctor of Philosophy">Ph.D.</a> in the History of American Civilization from <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a> with Miller as his adviser. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Military_service">Military service</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edmund_Morgan_(historian)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Military service"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although a pacifist, Morgan became convinced after the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_France" title="Battle of France">fall of France</a> in June 1940 that only military force could stop <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Hitler</a>, and he withdrew his application for conscientious objector status. During <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, he trained as a machinist at the <a href="/wiki/MIT_Radiation_Laboratory" title="MIT Radiation Laboratory">MIT Radiation Laboratory</a>, where he turned out parts for radar installations. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life_and_death">Personal life and death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edmund_Morgan_(historian)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Personal life and death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1939, he married Helen Theresa Mayer, who died in 1982. </p><p>Morgan died in <a href="/wiki/New_Haven,_Connecticut" title="New Haven, Connecticut">New Haven, Connecticut</a> on July 8, 2013, at the age of 97. His cause of death was <a href="/wiki/Pneumonia" title="Pneumonia">pneumonia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was survived by two daughters—Penelope Aubin and Pamela Packard—from his first marriage; his second wife, Marie (née Carpenter) Caskey Morgan, a historian; six grandchildren; and seven great-grandchildren.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTimes_Obit_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTimes_Obit-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edmund_Morgan_(historian)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1946–55, Morgan taught history at <a href="/wiki/Brown_University" title="Brown University">Brown University</a> in <a href="/wiki/Providence,_Rhode_Island" title="Providence, Rhode Island">Providence, Rhode Island</a> before becoming a professor at <a href="/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale University</a>, where he directed some 60 <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Philosophy" title="Doctor of Philosophy">PhD</a> dissertations in colonial history before retiring in 1986. </p><p>As an undergraduate at Harvard, Morgan was profoundly influenced by historian <a href="/wiki/Perry_Miller" title="Perry Miller">Perry Miller</a>, who became a lifelong friend. Although both were atheists, they had a deep understanding and respect for <a href="/wiki/Puritans" title="Puritans">Puritan religion</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From Miller, Morgan learned to appreciate: </p> <blockquote><p>The intellectual rigor and elegance of a system of ideas that made sense of human life in a way no longer palatable to most of us. Certainly not palatable to me... He left me with a habit of taking what people have said at face value unless I find compelling reasons to discount it... What Americans said from the beginning about <a href="/wiki/Taxation" class="mw-redirect" title="Taxation">taxation</a> and just government deserved to be taken as seriously as the Puritans' ideas about God and man.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Morgan's many books and articles covered a range of topics in the history of the colonial and Revolutionary periods, using intellectual, <a href="/wiki/Social_history" title="Social history">social history</a>, biographical, and political history approaches. Two of his early books, <i>The Birth of the Republic</i> (1956) and <i>The Puritan Dilemma</i> (1958), have for decades been required reading in many undergraduate history courses. His works include <i>American Slavery, American Freedom</i> (1975), which won the <a href="/wiki/Society_of_American_Historians" title="Society of American Historians">Society of American Historians</a>' <a href="/wiki/Francis_Parkman_Prize" title="Francis Parkman Prize">Francis Parkman Prize</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Historical_Association" title="Southern Historical Association">Southern Historical Association</a>'s Charles S. Sydnor Prize and the <a href="/wiki/American_Historical_Association" title="American Historical Association">American Historical Association</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Albert_J._Beveridge_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Albert J. Beveridge Award">Albert J. Beveridge Award</a>, and <i>Inventing the People: The Rise of Popular Sovereignty in <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a> and America</i> (1988), which won Columbia University's <a href="/wiki/Bancroft_Prize" title="Bancroft Prize">Bancroft Prize</a> in American History in 1989. Morgan has written a biography of Benjamin Franklin of which he made extensive use of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Papers_of_Benjamin_Franklin" title="The Papers of Benjamin Franklin">The Papers of Benjamin Franklin</a></i> and has written about at length.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He has also written biographies on <a href="/wiki/Ezra_Stiles" title="Ezra Stiles">Ezra Stiles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Roger_Williams_(theologian)" class="mw-redirect" title="Roger Williams (theologian)">Roger Williams</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Puritans">Puritans</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edmund_Morgan_(historian)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Puritans"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Morgan's trio <i>The Puritan Family: Religion and Domestic Relations in 17th-Century New England</i> (1944), <i>The Puritan Dilemma</i> (1958), and <i>Visible Saints: The History of a Puritan Idea</i> (1963) restored the intellectual respectability of the <a href="/wiki/Puritans" title="Puritans">Puritans</a>, and exposed their appetite for healthy sex, causing a renaissance in Puritan studies, partly because both Morgan and his mentor Miller were <a href="/wiki/Ivy_League" title="Ivy League">Ivy League</a> atheist professors, which added to their credibility.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Visible Saints,</i> dedicated to Miller, was a reinterpretation of the Puritan ideal of the "Church of the Elect." Morgan argued that the criterion for church membership was not fixed in England. Soon after their arrival, the Puritans changed membership to a gathered church composed exclusively of tested Saints.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Morgan's 1958 book <i>The Puritan Dilemma</i> raised his notability, and the book became the most assigned textbook in U.S. history survey courses, documenting the change in understanding among Puritans of what it means to be a member of a church. Morgan described the Puritan as "doing right in a world that does wrong...Caught between the ideals of God's Law and the practical needs of the people, <a href="/wiki/John_Winthrop" title="John Winthrop">John Winthrop</a> walked a line few could tread."<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="American_Revolution">American Revolution</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edmund_Morgan_(historian)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: American Revolution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <i>The Stamp Act Crisis</i> (1953) and <i>The Birth of the Republic</i> (1956) Morgan rejected the <a href="/wiki/Historiography_of_the_United_States" title="Historiography of the United States">Progressive</a> interpretation of the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">American Revolution</a> and its assumption that the rhetoric of the Patriots was mere claptrap. Instead Morgan returned to the interpretation first set out by <a href="/wiki/George_Bancroft" title="George Bancroft">George Bancroft</a> a century before that the patriots were deeply motivated by a commitment to liberty. Historian Mark Egnal argues that: </p> <blockquote><p>The leading neo-Whig historians, Edmund Morgan and <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Bailyn" title="Bernard Bailyn">Bernard Bailyn</a>, underscore this dedication to whiggish principles, although with variant readings. For Morgan, the development of the patriots' beliefs was a rational, clearly defined process.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Slavery">Slavery</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edmund_Morgan_(historian)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Slavery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In his 1975 book <i><a href="/wiki/American_Slavery,_American_Freedom" title="American Slavery, American Freedom">American Slavery, American Freedom</a></i>, Morgan explored "the <a href="/wiki/Saratoga" class="mw-disambig" title="Saratoga">American paradox, the marriage</a> of slavery and freedom":<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <blockquote><p>Human relations among us still suffer from the former enslavement of a large portion of our predecessors. The freedom of the free, the growth of freedom experienced in the American Revolution depended more than we like to admit on the enslavement of more than 20 percent of us at that time. How republican freedom came to be supported, at least in large part, by its opposite, slavery, is the subject of this book.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Morgan claimed that large <a href="/wiki/Virginia_plantation" class="mw-redirect" title="Virginia plantation">Virginia plantation</a> owners exerted an outsized influence on poorer white Virginians and their attitude toward the <a href="/wiki/Color_line_(civil_rights_issue)" class="mw-redirect" title="Color line (civil rights issue)">racial divide (color line)</a> which made it possible for Virginian white men as a group to become more politically equal: ("Aristocrats could more safely preach equality in a slave society than in a free one").<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In a controversial passage, Morgan suggests <a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a>'s poor whites felt no racial superiority to poor blacks. He does this by providing evidence that, in 17th-century Virginia, poor white indentured servants and black slaves frequently cooperated with each other and worked together. Morgan cites the 1676 <a href="/wiki/Bacon%27s_Rebellion" title="Bacon's Rebellion">Bacon's Rebellion</a> as evidence of a surprising racial egalitarianism among the poor, since Bacon incorporated runaway black slaves into his army. </p><p>Despite the assertions of such writers as Michelle Alexander,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> however, Morgan does not state that Bacon's Rebellion was the reason that rich landowners stopped purchasing white <a href="/wiki/Indentured_servitude" title="Indentured servitude">indentured servants</a> and started increasing their purchase of black slaves; rather, regional changes in labor economics was the reason black slaves began to replace white servants: during the early 1600s, white servants cost less per unit labor than black slaves did; but by the latter 1600s, the situation reversed itself, and black slaves became the more economical investment.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> And, as Morgan states, "The planters who bought slaves instead of servants did not do so with any apparent consciousness of the social stability to be gained thereby. Indeed, insofar as Virginians expressed themselves on the subject of slavery, they feared that it would magnify the danger of insurrection in the colony."<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As events evolved, however, the rising number of black slaves and the virtual end to the importation of indentured servants did stabilize Virginia society. And as time went on, according to Morgan, Virginia politicians learned to further pacify poor whites by fostering a sense of white superiority.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Racism made it possible for white Virginians to develop a devotion to the equality that English republicans had declared to be the soul of <a href="/wiki/Liberty" title="Liberty">liberty</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>" That is, according to Morgan, white men in Virginia were able to become much more politically equal and cohesive than would have been possible without a population of low-status black slaves.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Anthony S. Parent commented: "American historians of our generation admire Edmund Morgan's <i>American Slavery, American Freedom</i> more than any other monograph. Morgan resuscitated American history by placing black slavery and white freedom as its central paradox."<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2002 Morgan published a surprise <a href="/wiki/New_York_Times_Bestseller" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times Bestseller"><i>New York Times</i> Bestseller</a>, <i>Benjamin Franklin</i>, which dispels the myth of "a comfortable old gentleman staring out at the world over his half-glasses with benevolent comprehension of everything in it", revealing his true mental makeup. </p> <blockquote><p>With a wisdom about himself that comes only to the great of heart, Franklin knew how to value himself and what he did without mistaking himself for something more than one man among many. His special brand of <a href="/wiki/Self-respect" class="mw-redirect" title="Self-respect">self-respect</a> required him to honor his fellow men and women no less than himself.</p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy_and_impact">Legacy and impact</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edmund_Morgan_(historian)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Legacy and impact"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After examining his writings, <a href="/wiki/University_of_North_Florida" title="University of North Florida">University of North Florida</a> historian wrote David T. Courtwright wrote that: </p> <blockquote><p>They are based on exhaustive research in primary sources; emphasize human agency as against historicist forces; and are written in precise and graceful prose. This combination of rigor, empathy, and lucidity is intended for, and has succeeded in capturing, a broad audience. Morgan is read by secondary school students, undergraduates, and graduate students, as well as by his specialist peers – some sixty of whom were trained in his seminars.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">Massachusetts Institute of Technology</a> American history professor <a href="/wiki/Pauline_Maier" title="Pauline Maier">Pauline Maier</a> wrote: </p> <blockquote><p>As a historian of colonial and revolutionary America, he was one of the giants of his generation, and a writer who could well have commanded a larger nonacademic audience than I suspect he received. He characteristically took on big issues and had a knack for conveying complex, sophisticated truths in a way that made them seem, if not simple, at least easily understandable.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTimes_Obit_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTimes_Obit-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_College" title="Brooklyn College">Brooklyn College</a> history professor Benjamin L. Carp describes Morgan as "one of the great historians of early America, with a formidable influence on academic and popular audiences."<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Jill_Lepore" title="Jill Lepore">Jill Lepore</a> called Morgan "one of the most influential American historians of the 20th century."<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Ellis" title="Joseph Ellis">Joseph Ellis</a>, Morgan was "revered" by other members of the profession.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Historian and author <a href="/wiki/William_Hogeland" title="William Hogeland">William Hogeland affirms</a> Morgan's success in enshrining a "consensus approach" to U.S. history, where colonists' ideas, rather than their possible economic interests, were worthy of inspection by 20th century historians.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "He was out to define something essential in the American character and thereby create a new master narrative, and to achieve that end, he concocted a false portrayal of the colonists’ petitions," Hogeland wrote. </p><p>The essayist <a href="/wiki/Ta-Nehisi_Coates" title="Ta-Nehisi Coates">Ta-Nehisi Coates</a> credits Morgan with greatly influencing his own views about race in American history.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards_and_honors">Awards and honors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edmund_Morgan_(historian)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Awards and honors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Morgan was elected to the <a href="/wiki/American_Philosophical_Society" title="American Philosophical Society">American Philosophical Society</a> in 1964<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="American Academy of Arts and Sciences">American Academy of Arts and Sciences</a> in 1966.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1971 Morgan was awarded the Yale chapter of <a href="/wiki/Phi_Beta_Kappa" title="Phi Beta Kappa">Phi Beta Kappa</a>'s William Clyde DeVane Medal for outstanding teaching and <a href="/wiki/Scholarship" title="Scholarship">scholarship</a>, considered one of the most prestigious teaching prizes for Yale faculty. In 1971–1972 Morgan served as president of the <a href="/wiki/Organization_of_American_Historians" title="Organization of American Historians">Organization of American Historians</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1972, he became the first recipient of the <a href="/wiki/Douglass_Adair" title="Douglass Adair">Douglass Adair</a> Memorial Award for scholarship in early American history, and in 1986 he received the Distinguished Scholar Award of the American Historical Association. He has also won numerous fellowships and garnered a number of honorary degrees and named lectureships. In 1965 he became a <a href="/wiki/Sterling_Professor" title="Sterling Professor">Sterling Professor</a>, one of Yale's highest distinctions. Morgan was awarded the 2000 <a href="/wiki/National_Humanities_Medal" title="National Humanities Medal">National Humanities Medal</a> by U.S. President <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a> at a ceremony for "extraordinary contributions to American cultural life and thought." In 2006 he received a <a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize_Special_Citations_and_Awards#Letters_awards" title="Pulitzer Prize Special Citations and Awards">special Pulitzer Prize</a> "for a creative and deeply influential body of work as an American historian that spans the last half century."<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2008 the <a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Letters" title="American Academy of Arts and Letters">American Academy of Arts and Letters</a> honored him with a <a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Letters_Gold_Medals" title="American Academy of Arts and Letters Gold Medals">gold medal</a> for lifetime achievement. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Books">Books</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edmund_Morgan_(historian)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Books"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>The Puritan Family: Religion and Domestic Relations in 17th-Century New England</i> (1944) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=x6HluroGx3sC">read online</a></li> <li><i>Virginians at Home: Family Life in the Eighteenth Century</i> (1952)</li> <li><i>The Stamp Act Crisis: Prologue to Revolution</i> (1953), with <a href="/w/index.php?title=Helen_M._Morgan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Helen M. Morgan (page does not exist)">Helen M. Morgan</a></li> <li><i>The Birth of the Republic, 1763–89</i> (1956; 4th ed. 2012) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=k34GSXBKXtsC">read online</a></li> <li><i>The Puritan Dilemma: The Story of John Winthrop</i> (1958) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/puritandilemmast00morg_0">read online</a></li> <li><i>The American Revolution: A Review of Changing Interpretations</i> (1958)</li> <li><i>The Mirror of the Indian</i> (1958)</li> <li>Editor, <i>Prologue to the Revolution: Sources and Documents on the Stamp Act Crisis, 1764–1766</i> (1959)</li> <li><i>The Gentle Puritan: A Life of Ezra Stiles, 1727–1795</i> (1962) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IKvOAAAAMAAJ">read online</a></li> <li><i>The National Experience: A History of the United States</i> (1963) coauthor of textbook; several editions</li> <li><i>Visible Saints: The History of a Puritan Idea</i> (1963)</li> <li>Editor, <i>The Founding of Massachusetts: Historians and the Sources</i> (1964)</li> <li><i>The American Revolution: Two Centuries of Interpretation</i> (1965)</li> <li><i>Puritan Political Ideas, 1558–1794</i> (1965) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pWiBco-sYHIC">read online</a></li> <li><i>The Diary of Michael Wigglesworth, 1653–1657: The Conscience of a Puritan</i> (1965)</li> <li><i>The Puritan Family</i> ([1944] 1966)</li> <li><i>Roger Williams: The Church and the State</i> (1967) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iOZrT9uhUR8C">read online</a></li> <li><i>So What About History?</i> (1969)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/American_Slavery,_American_Freedom" title="American Slavery, American Freedom">American Slavery, American Freedom: The Ordeal of Colonial Virginia</a></i> (1975)</li> <li><i>The Meaning of Independence: John Adams, George Washington, and Thomas Jefferson</i> (1976, reprint with new foreword, 2004)</li> <li><i>The Genius of George Washington</i> (1980)</li> <li><i>Inventing the People: The Rise of Popular Sovereignty in England and America</i> (1988)</li> <li><i>Benjamin Franklin</i> (Yale University Press, 2002) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/benjaminfranklin00edmu">read online</a></li> <li><i>The Genuine Article: A Historian Looks at Early America</i> (2004), selected review essays from <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Review_of_Books" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Review of Books">New York Review of Books</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sJbfgCU2KgMC&dq=edmund+morgan+genuine+article&pg=1">read online</a></li> <li><i>American Heroes: Profiles of Men and Women Who Shaped Early America</i> (2009), biographical essays <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PD-mCp9WzjQC">read online</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Selected_articles">Selected articles</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edmund_Morgan_(historian)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Selected articles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMorgan1937" class="citation journal cs1">Morgan, Edmund S. (1937). "The Case against Anne Hutchinson". <i>The New England Quarterly</i>. <b>10</b> (4): 635–649. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F359929">10.2307/359929</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/359929">359929</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+England+Quarterly&rft.atitle=The+Case+against+Anne+Hutchinson&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=635-649&rft.date=1937&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F359929&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F359929%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Morgan&rft.aufirst=Edmund+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdmund+Morgan+%28historian%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorgan1942" class="citation journal cs1">Morgan, Edmund S. (1942). "The Puritans and Sex". <i>The New England Quarterly</i>. <b>15</b> (4): 591–607. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F361501">10.2307/361501</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/361501">361501</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+England+Quarterly&rft.atitle=The+Puritans+and+Sex&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=591-607&rft.date=1942&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F361501&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F361501%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Morgan&rft.aufirst=Edmund+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdmund+Morgan+%28historian%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorgan1948" class="citation journal cs1">Morgan, Edmund S. (1948). "Colonial Ideas of Parliamentary Power 1764-1766". <i>The William and Mary Quarterly</i>. <b>5</b> (3): 311–341. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1923462">10.2307/1923462</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1923462">1923462</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+William+and+Mary+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Colonial+Ideas+of+Parliamentary+Power+1764-1766&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=311-341&rft.date=1948&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1923462&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1923462%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Morgan&rft.aufirst=Edmund+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdmund+Morgan+%28historian%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorgan1948" class="citation journal cs1">Morgan, Edmund S. (1948). "Thomas Hutchinson and the Stamp Act". <i>The New England Quarterly</i>. <b>21</b> (4): 459–492. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F361566">10.2307/361566</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/361566">361566</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+England+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Thomas+Hutchinson+and+the+Stamp+Act&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=459-492&rft.date=1948&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F361566&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F361566%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Morgan&rft.aufirst=Edmund+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdmund+Morgan+%28historian%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorgan1950" class="citation journal cs1">Morgan, Edmund S. (1950). "The Postponement of the Stamp Act". <i>The William and Mary Quarterly</i>. <b>7</b> (3): 353–392. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1917228">10.2307/1917228</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1917228">1917228</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+William+and+Mary+Quarterly&rft.atitle=The+Postponement+of+the+Stamp+Act&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=353-392&rft.date=1950&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1917228&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1917228%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Morgan&rft.aufirst=Edmund+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdmund+Morgan+%28historian%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorgan1954" class="citation journal cs1">Morgan, Edmund S. (1954). "Ezra Stiles: The Education of a Yale Man, 1742-1746". <i>Huntington Library Quarterly</i>. <b>17</b> (3): 251–268. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3816428">10.2307/3816428</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3816428">3816428</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Huntington+Library+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Ezra+Stiles%3A+The+Education+of+a+Yale+Man%2C+1742-1746&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=251-268&rft.date=1954&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F3816428&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3816428%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Morgan&rft.aufirst=Edmund+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdmund+Morgan+%28historian%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorgan1957" class="citation journal cs1">Morgan, Edmund S. (1957). "The American Revolution: Revisions in Need of Revising". <i>The William and Mary Quarterly</i>. <b>14</b> (1): 3–15. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1917368">10.2307/1917368</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1917368">1917368</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+William+and+Mary+Quarterly&rft.atitle=The+American+Revolution%3A+Revisions+in+Need+of+Revising&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=3-15&rft.date=1957&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1917368&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1917368%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Morgan&rft.aufirst=Edmund+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdmund+Morgan+%28historian%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorgan1957" class="citation journal cs1">Morgan, Edmund S. (1957). "Ezra Stiles and Timothy Dwight". <i>Proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical Society</i>. <b>72</b>: 101–117. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/25080517">25080517</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Massachusetts+Historical+Society&rft.atitle=Ezra+Stiles+and+Timothy+Dwight&rft.volume=72&rft.pages=101-117&rft.date=1957&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F25080517%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Morgan&rft.aufirst=Edmund+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdmund+Morgan+%28historian%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorgan1967" class="citation journal cs1">Morgan, Edmund S. (1967). "The Puritan Ethic and the American Revolution". <i>The William and Mary Quarterly</i>. <b>24</b> (1): 4–43. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1920560">10.2307/1920560</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1920560">1920560</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+William+and+Mary+Quarterly&rft.atitle=The+Puritan+Ethic+and+the+American+Revolution&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=4-43&rft.date=1967&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1920560&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1920560%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Morgan&rft.aufirst=Edmund+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdmund+Morgan+%28historian%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorgan1971" class="citation journal cs1">Morgan, Edmund S. (1971). "The First American Boom: Virginia 1618 to 1630". <i>The William and Mary Quarterly</i>. <b>28</b> (2): 170–198. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1917308">10.2307/1917308</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1917308">1917308</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+William+and+Mary+Quarterly&rft.atitle=The+First+American+Boom%3A+Virginia+1618+to+1630&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=170-198&rft.date=1971&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1917308&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1917308%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Morgan&rft.aufirst=Edmund+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdmund+Morgan+%28historian%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorgan1971" class="citation journal cs1">Morgan, Edmund S. (1971). "The Labor Problem at Jamestown, 1607-18". <i>The American Historical Review</i>. <b>76</b> (3): 595–611. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1851619">10.2307/1851619</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1851619">1851619</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+Historical+Review&rft.atitle=The+Labor+Problem+at+Jamestown%2C+1607-18&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=595-611&rft.date=1971&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1851619&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1851619%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Morgan&rft.aufirst=Edmund+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdmund+Morgan+%28historian%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorgan1972" class="citation journal cs1">Morgan, Edmund S. (1972). "Slavery and Freedom: The American Paradox". <i>The Journal of American History</i>. <b>59</b> (1): 5–29. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1888384">10.2307/1888384</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1888384">1888384</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+American+History&rft.atitle=Slavery+and+Freedom%3A+The+American+Paradox&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=5-29&rft.date=1972&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1888384&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1888384%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Morgan&rft.aufirst=Edmund+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdmund+Morgan+%28historian%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorgan1983" class="citation journal cs1">Morgan, Edmund S. (1983). "The World and William Penn". <i>Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society</i>. <b>127</b> (5): 291–315. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/986499">986499</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+American+Philosophical+Society&rft.atitle=The+World+and+William+Penn&rft.volume=127&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=291-315&rft.date=1983&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F986499%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Morgan&rft.aufirst=Edmund+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdmund+Morgan+%28historian%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorgan1986" class="citation journal cs1">Morgan, Edmund S. (1986). "Safety in Numbers: Madison, Hume, and the Tenth 'Federalist'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>". <i>Huntington Library Quarterly</i>. <b>49</b> (2): 95–112. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3817178">10.2307/3817178</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3817178">3817178</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Huntington+Library+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Safety+in+Numbers%3A+Madison%2C+Hume%2C+and+the+Tenth+%27Federalist%27&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=95-112&rft.date=1986&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F3817178&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3817178%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Morgan&rft.aufirst=Edmund+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdmund+Morgan+%28historian%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorgan1987" class="citation journal cs1">Morgan, Edmund S. (1987). "John Winthrop's 'Modell of Christian Charity' in a Wider Context". <i>Huntington Library Quarterly</i>. <b>50</b> (2): 145–151. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3817255">10.2307/3817255</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3817255">3817255</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Huntington+Library+Quarterly&rft.atitle=John+Winthrop%27s+%27Modell+of+Christian+Charity%27+in+a+Wider+Context&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=145-151&rft.date=1987&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F3817255&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3817255%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Morgan&rft.aufirst=Edmund+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdmund+Morgan+%28historian%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edmund_Morgan_(historian)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFeeney2013" class="citation news cs1">Feeney, Mark (2013-07-10). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180225231025/https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2013/07/09/edmund-morgan-leading-historian-colonial-and-revolutionary-periods/sFN7Ow6VUjAHaziH0bmucJ/story.html">"Edmund Morgan, 97; professor, leading historian of Colonial era"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Boston_Globe" title="The Boston Globe">The Boston Globe</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2013/07/09/edmund-morgan-leading-historian-colonial-and-revolutionary-periods/sFN7Ow6VUjAHaziH0bmucJ/story.html">the original</a> on 2018-02-25.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Boston+Globe&rft.atitle=Edmund+Morgan%2C+97%3B+professor%2C+leading+historian+of+Colonial+era&rft.date=2013-07-10&rft.aulast=Feeney&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bostonglobe.com%2Fmetro%2F2013%2F07%2F09%2Fedmund-morgan-leading-historian-colonial-and-revolutionary-periods%2FsFN7Ow6VUjAHaziH0bmucJ%2Fstory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdmund+Morgan+%28historian%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas_S._Kidd2013" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_S._Kidd" title="Thomas S. Kidd">Thomas S. Kidd</a> (2013-07-16). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.patheos.com/blogs/anxiousbench/2013/07/the-historical-genius-of-edmund-morgan/">"The Historical Genius of Edmund Morgan"</a>. <i>Anxious Bench</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-02-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Anxious+Bench&rft.atitle=The+Historical+Genius+of+Edmund+Morgan&rft.date=2013-07-16&rft.au=Thomas+S.+Kidd&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.patheos.com%2Fblogs%2Fanxiousbench%2F2013%2F07%2Fthe-historical-genius-of-edmund-morgan%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdmund+Morgan+%28historian%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAssociated_Press2013" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a> (2013-07-10). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180225231147/http://www.latimes.com/local/obituaries/la-me-edmund-morgan-20130710-story.html">"Edmund S. Morgan dies at 97; scholar on early America"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/local/obituaries/la-me-edmund-morgan-20130710-story.html">the original</a> on 2018-02-25.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Edmund+S.+Morgan+dies+at+97%3B+scholar+on+early+America&rft.date=2013-07-10&rft.au=Associated+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Flocal%2Fobituaries%2Fla-me-edmund-morgan-20130710-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdmund+Morgan+%28historian%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Murrin-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Murrin_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMurrin2000" class="citation book cs1">Murrin, John M. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ziPtgWVXdUEC&pg=PA126"><i>Edmund S. Morgan</i></a>. University of Missouri Press/Google EBook. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780826213167" title="Special:BookSources/9780826213167"><bdi>9780826213167</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Edmund+S.+Morgan&rft.pub=University+of+Missouri+Press%2FGoogle+EBook&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=9780826213167&rft.aulast=Murrin&rft.aufirst=John+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DziPtgWVXdUEC%26pg%3DPA126&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdmund+Morgan+%28historian%29" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|work=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYTimes_Obit-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYTimes_Obit_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTimes_Obit_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTimes_Obit_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTimes_Obit_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrimes2013" class="citation news cs1">Grimes, William (2013-07-09). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180225001450/http://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/09/us/edmund-s-morgan-historian-who-shed-light-on-puritans-dies-at-97.html">"Edmund S. Morgan, Historian Who Shed Light on Puritans, Dies at 97"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/09/us/edmund-s-morgan-historian-who-shed-light-on-puritans-dies-at-97.html">the original</a> on 2018-02-25.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Edmund+S.+Morgan%2C+Historian+Who+Shed+Light+on+Puritans%2C+Dies+at+97&rft.date=2013-07-09&rft.aulast=Grimes&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2013%2F07%2F09%2Fus%2Fedmund-s-morgan-historian-who-shed-light-on-puritans-dies-at-97.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdmund+Morgan+%28historian%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchudel2013" class="citation news cs1">Schudel, Matt (2013-07-10). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180225230808/https://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/books/edmund-s-morgan-historian-of-early-america-dies-at-97/2013/07/10/ed22d8b6-e97e-11e2-aa9f-c03a72e2d342_story.html">"Edmund S. Morgan, historian of early America, dies at 97"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0190-8286">0190-8286</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/books/edmund-s-morgan-historian-of-early-america-dies-at-97/2013/07/10/ed22d8b6-e97e-11e2-aa9f-c03a72e2d342_story.html">the original</a> on 2018-02-25.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Edmund+S.+Morgan%2C+historian+of+early+America%2C+dies+at+97&rft.date=2013-07-10&rft.issn=0190-8286&rft.aulast=Schudel&rft.aufirst=Matt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fentertainment%2Fbooks%2Fedmund-s-morgan-historian-of-early-america-dies-at-97%2F2013%2F07%2F10%2Fed22d8b6-e97e-11e2-aa9f-c03a72e2d342_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdmund+Morgan+%28historian%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHattem2013" class="citation news cs1">Hattem, Michael D. (2013-08-05). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180225002303/https://earlyamericanists.com/2013/08/05/roundtable-the-legacy-of-edmund-s-morgan/">"Roundtable: The Legacy of Edmund S. Morgan"</a>. <i>The Junto</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://earlyamericanists.com/2013/08/05/roundtable-the-legacy-of-edmund-s-morgan/">the original</a> on 2018-02-25.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Junto&rft.atitle=Roundtable%3A+The+Legacy+of+Edmund+S.+Morgan&rft.date=2013-08-05&rft.aulast=Hattem&rft.aufirst=Michael+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fearlyamericanists.com%2F2013%2F08%2F05%2Froundtable-the-legacy-of-edmund-s-morgan%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdmund+Morgan+%28historian%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Courtland, pp 349–50</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorgan2004" class="citation book cs1">Morgan, Edmund S. (2004). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/genuinearticleh00morg"><i>The Genuine Article: A Historian Looks at Early America</i></a></span>. W. W. Norton & Company. pp. ix–x. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0393059200" title="Special:BookSources/0393059200"><bdi>0393059200</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Genuine+Article%3A+A+Historian+Looks+at+Early+America&rft.pages=ix-x&rft.pub=W.+W.+Norton+%26+Company&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0393059200&rft.aulast=Morgan&rft.aufirst=Edmund+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgenuinearticleh00morg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdmund+Morgan+%28historian%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://franklinpapers.org/framedMorgan.jsp;jsessionid=node0lykbs84rvk7u59084u5mprxt17902666.node0">"Introduction to the Papers of Benjamin Franklin"</a>. The American Philosophical Society and Yale University. 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 22,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Introduction+to+the+Papers+of+Benjamin+Franklin&rft.pub=The+American+Philosophical+Society+and+Yale+University&rft.date=2005&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffranklinpapers.org%2FframedMorgan.jsp%3Bjsessionid%3Dnode0lykbs84rvk7u59084u5mprxt17902666.node0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdmund+Morgan+%28historian%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVan_Beek1999" class="citation cs2">Van Beek, Elizabeth T. (1999), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0121vD9STIMC&pg=PA837">"Morgan, Edmund S."</a>, in Kelly Boyd (ed.), <i>Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing</i>, vol. 2, p. 837, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-884964-33-8" title="Special:BookSources/1-884964-33-8"><bdi>1-884964-33-8</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Morgan%2C+Edmund+S.&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Historians+and+Historical+Writing&rft.pages=837&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=1-884964-33-8&rft.aulast=Van+Beek&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0121vD9STIMC%26pg%3DPA837&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdmund+Morgan+%28historian%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFButler2013" class="citation web cs1">Butler, Jon (December 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180225002501/https://www.historians.org/publications-and-directories/perspectives-on-history/december-2013/in-memoriam-edmund-sears-morgan">"In Memoriam: Edmund Sears Morgan (1916-2013)"</a>. <i>Perspectives on History</i>. American Historical Association. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.historians.org/publications-and-directories/perspectives-on-history/december-2013/in-memoriam-edmund-sears-morgan">the original</a> on 2018-02-25.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Perspectives+on+History&rft.atitle=In+Memoriam%3A+Edmund+Sears+Morgan+%281916-2013%29&rft.date=2013-12&rft.aulast=Butler&rft.aufirst=Jon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.historians.org%2Fpublications-and-directories%2Fperspectives-on-history%2Fdecember-2013%2Fin-memoriam-edmund-sears-morgan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdmund+Morgan+%28historian%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarc_Egnal2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Marc_Egnal" title="Marc Egnal">Marc Egnal</a> (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xv3WQulAoGAC&pg=PA3"><i>A Mighty Empire: The Origins of the American Revolution</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Cornell_University_Press" title="Cornell University Press">Cornell University Press</a>. pp. 3–5. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0801476587" title="Special:BookSources/978-0801476587"><bdi>978-0801476587</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Mighty+Empire%3A+The+Origins+of+the+American+Revolution&rft.pages=3-5&rft.pub=Cornell+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0801476587&rft.au=Marc+Egnal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dxv3WQulAoGAC%26pg%3DPA3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdmund+Morgan+%28historian%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorgan1975" class="citation book cs1">Morgan, Edmund S. (1975). <i>American Slavery, American Freedom</i>. p. 5.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=American+Slavery%2C+American+Freedom&rft.pages=5&rft.date=1975&rft.aulast=Morgan&rft.aufirst=Edmund+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdmund+Morgan+%28historian%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorgan" class="citation book cs1">Morgan. <i>American Slavery, American Freedom</i>. pp. Preface.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=American+Slavery%2C+American+Freedom&rft.pages=Preface&rft.au=Morgan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdmund+Morgan+%28historian%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorgan" class="citation book cs1">Morgan. <i>American Slavery, American Freedom</i> (2nd ed.). p. 380.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=American+Slavery%2C+American+Freedom&rft.pages=380&rft.edition=2nd&rft.au=Morgan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdmund+Morgan+%28historian%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlexander2012" class="citation book cs1">Alexander, Michelle (2012). <i>The New Jim Crow</i>. The New Press. pp. 29–30. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1595586438" title="Special:BookSources/978-1595586438"><bdi>978-1595586438</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+Jim+Crow&rft.pages=29-30&rft.pub=The+New+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1595586438&rft.aulast=Alexander&rft.aufirst=Michelle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdmund+Morgan+%28historian%29" class="Z3988"></span>"The systematic enslavement of Africans… emerged with all deliberate speed – quickened by events such as Bacon's Rebellion…. In an effort to protect their superior status and economic position, the planters shifted their strategy for maintaining dominance. They abandoned their heavy reliance on indentured servants in favor of the importation of more black slaves."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorgan" class="citation book cs1">Morgan. <i>American Slavery, American Freedom</i>. pp. 297–99.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=American+Slavery%2C+American+Freedom&rft.pages=297-99&rft.au=Morgan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdmund+Morgan+%28historian%29" class="Z3988"></span>"Why… did Virginians not furnish themselves with slaves as soon as they began to grow tobacco? Why did they wait so long [to import large numbers of black slaves]? The answer lies in the fact that slave labor… was actually not as advantageous as indentured labor during the first half of the century… The point at which it became more advantageous for Virginians to buy slaves was probably reached by 1660."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorgan" class="citation book cs1">Morgan. <i>American Slavery, American Freedom</i>. p. 308.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=American+Slavery%2C+American+Freedom&rft.pages=308&rft.au=Morgan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdmund+Morgan+%28historian%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorgan" class="citation book cs1">Morgan. <i>American Slavery, American Freedom</i>. p. 328.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=American+Slavery%2C+American+Freedom&rft.pages=328&rft.au=Morgan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdmund+Morgan+%28historian%29" class="Z3988"></span> "If freemen with disappointed hopes should make common cause with slaves of desperate hope, the results might be worse than anything Bacon had done. The answer to the problem, obvious if unspoken and only gradually recognized, was racism."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorgan" class="citation book cs1">Morgan. <i>American Slavery, American Freedom</i>. p. 386.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=American+Slavery%2C+American+Freedom&rft.pages=386&rft.au=Morgan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdmund+Morgan+%28historian%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Morgan, <i>American Slavery, American Freedom </i> p. 386</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnthony_S._Parent2003" class="citation book cs1">Anthony S. Parent (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IMk-ILLmq74C&pg=PA1"><i>Foul Means: The Formation of a Slave Society in Virginia, 1660–1740</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_North_Carolina_Press" title="University of North Carolina Press">University of North Carolina Press</a>. p. 1. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780807854860" title="Special:BookSources/9780807854860"><bdi>9780807854860</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Foul+Means%3A+The+Formation+of+a+Slave+Society+in+Virginia%2C+1660%E2%80%931740&rft.pages=1&rft.pub=University+of+North+Carolina+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9780807854860&rft.au=Anthony+S.+Parent&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIMk-ILLmq74C%26pg%3DPA1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdmund+Morgan+%28historian%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">David T. Courtwright, "Fifty Years of American History: An Interview with Edmund S. Morgan", <i><a href="/wiki/William_and_Mary_Quarterly" title="William and Mary Quarterly">William and Mary Quarterly</a></i> (1987): p. 336.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarp2016" class="citation journal cs1">Carp, Benjamin L. (March 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180225231903/https://muse.jhu.edu/article/612098/pdf">"Edmund S. Morgan and the Urgency of Good Leadership"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Reviews_in_American_History" title="Reviews in American History">Reviews in American History</a></i>. <b>44</b> (1): 1–18. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Frah.2016.0014">10.1353/rah.2016.0014</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:147313665">147313665</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://muse.jhu.edu/article/612098/pdf">the original</a> on 2018-02-25.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reviews+in+American+History&rft.atitle=Edmund+S.+Morgan+and+the+Urgency+of+Good+Leadership&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=1-18&rft.date=2016-03&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Frah.2016.0014&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A147313665%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Carp&rft.aufirst=Benjamin+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmuse.jhu.edu%2Farticle%2F612098%2Fpdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdmund+Morgan+%28historian%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJill_Lepore2013" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jill_Lepore" title="Jill Lepore">Jill Lepore</a> (2013-07-10). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180225231323/https://www.thedailybeast.com/tell-me-what-you-see-jill-lepore-salutes-historian-edmund-s-morgan">"Tell Me What You See: Jill Lepore Salutes Historian Edmund S. Morgan"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Beast" title="The Daily Beast">The Daily Beast</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2013/07/10/tell-me-what-you-see-jill-lepore-salutes-historian-edmund-s-morgan">the original</a> on 2018-02-25.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Beast&rft.atitle=Tell+Me+What+You+See%3A+Jill+Lepore+Salutes+Historian+Edmund+S.+Morgan&rft.date=2013-07-10&rft.au=Jill+Lepore&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thedailybeast.com%2Farticles%2F2013%2F07%2F10%2Ftell-me-what-you-see-jill-lepore-salutes-historian-edmund-s-morgan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdmund+Morgan+%28historian%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJoseph_Ellis2013" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Ellis" title="Joseph Ellis">Joseph Ellis</a> (2013-07-10). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180225231518/http://www.newsweek.com/2013/07/10/author-joseph-j-ellis-pays-tribute-edmund-s-morgan-237680.html">"Author Joseph J. Ellis Pays Tribute to Edmund S. Morgan"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Newsweek" title="Newsweek">Newsweek</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newsweek.com/2013/07/10/author-joseph-j-ellis-pays-tribute-edmund-s-morgan-237680.html">the original</a> on 2018-02-25.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Newsweek&rft.atitle=Author+Joseph+J.+Ellis+Pays+Tribute+to+Edmund+S.+Morgan&rft.date=2013-07-10&rft.au=Joseph+Ellis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newsweek.com%2F2013%2F07%2F10%2Fauthor-joseph-j-ellis-pays-tribute-edmund-s-morgan-237680.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdmund+Morgan+%28historian%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHogeland2021" class="citation magazine cs1">Hogeland, William (25 January 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newrepublic.com/article/160995/consensus-approach-history">"Against the Consensus Approach to History"</a>. <i>The New Republic</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0028-6583">0028-6583</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Republic&rft.atitle=Against+the+Consensus+Approach+to+History&rft.date=2021-01-25&rft.issn=0028-6583&rft.aulast=Hogeland&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnewrepublic.com%2Farticle%2F160995%2Fconsensus-approach-history&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdmund+Morgan+%28historian%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTa-Nehisi_Coates2017" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ta-Nehisi_Coates" title="Ta-Nehisi Coates">Ta-Nehisi Coates</a> (2017-09-29). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/news/2017/sep/29/we-should-have-seen-trump-coming">"We should have seen Trump coming"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=We+should+have+seen+Trump+coming&rft.date=2017-09-29&rft.au=Ta-Nehisi+Coates&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fnews%2F2017%2Fsep%2F29%2Fwe-should-have-seen-trump-coming&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdmund+Morgan+%28historian%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=Edmund+Morgan&title=&subject=&subdiv=&mem=&year=&year-max=&dead=&keyword=&smode=advanced">"APS Member History"</a>. <i>search.amphilsoc.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-11-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=search.amphilsoc.org&rft.atitle=APS+Member+History&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsearch.amphilsoc.org%2Fmemhist%2Fsearch%3Fcreator%3DEdmund%2BMorgan%26title%3D%26subject%3D%26subdiv%3D%26mem%3D%26year%3D%26year-max%3D%26dead%3D%26keyword%3D%26smode%3Dadvanced&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdmund+Morgan+%28historian%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amacad.org/person/edmund-sears-morgan">"Edmund Sears Morgan"</a>. <i>American Academy of Arts & Sciences</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-11-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=American+Academy+of+Arts+%26+Sciences&rft.atitle=Edmund+Sears+Morgan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amacad.org%2Fperson%2Fedmund-sears-morgan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdmund+Morgan+%28historian%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120610045234/http://www.oah.org/about/past_officers.html">"Past Officers of the OAH"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Organization_of_American_Historians" title="Organization of American Historians">Organization of American Historians</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oah.org/about/past_officers.html">the original</a> on 2012-06-10.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Past+Officers+of+the+OAH&rft.pub=Organization+of+American+Historians&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oah.org%2Fabout%2Fpast_officers.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdmund+Morgan+%28historian%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pulitzer.org/citation/2006-Special-Awards-and-Citations">"2006 Special Award"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize" title="Pulitzer Prize">Pulitzer Prize</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2006+Special+Award&rft.pub=Pulitzer+Prize&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pulitzer.org%2Fcitation%2F2006-Special-Awards-and-Citations&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdmund+Morgan+%28historian%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edmund_Morgan_(historian)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Carp, Benjamin L. "Edmund S. Morgan and the Urgency of Good Leadership." <i>Reviews in American History</i> 44.1 (2016): 1–18.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCourtwright1987" class="citation journal cs1">Courtwright, David T. (1987). "Fifty Years of American History: An Interview with Edmund S. Morgan". <i>The William and Mary Quarterly</i>. <b>44</b> (2): 336–369. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1939669">10.2307/1939669</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1939669">1939669</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+William+and+Mary+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Fifty+Years+of+American+History%3A+An+Interview+with+Edmund+S.+Morgan&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=336-369&rft.date=1987&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1939669&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1939669%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Courtwright&rft.aufirst=David+T.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdmund+Morgan+%28historian%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Liddle, William D. "Edmund S. Morgan (1916– )" in Clyde N. Wilson, ed., <i>Twentieth-Century American Historians</i> (Dictionary of Literary Biography, vol. XVII) (Detroit, 1983), pp 285–95.</li> <li>Middlekauff, Robert. “In Memoriam: Edmund S. Morgan 1916-2013.” <i>New England Quarterly</i> 96#4 (2013), pp. 685–687. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/43285034">online</a>.</li> <li>Murrin, John M. "Edmund S. Morgan," in Robert Allen Rutland, ed. <i>Clio's Favorites: Leading Historians of the United States, 1945–2000</i> U of Missouri Press. (2000) pp 126–137</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNawotka2002" class="citation journal cs1">Nawotka, Edward (December 2002). "Edmund Morgan: The Historian's Historian". <i>Publishers Weekly</i>. <b>249</b> (49): 57.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Publishers+Weekly&rft.atitle=Edmund+Morgan%3A+The+Historian%27s+Historian&rft.volume=249&rft.issue=49&rft.pages=57&rft.date=2002-12&rft.aulast=Nawotka&rft.aufirst=Edward&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdmund+Morgan+%28historian%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrimes2013" class="citation news cs1">Grimes, William (9 July 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/09/us/edmund-s-morgan-historian-who-shed-light-on-puritans-dies-at-97.html">"Edmund S. Morgan, Historian Who Shed Light on Puritans, Dies at 97"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Edmund+S.+Morgan%2C+Historian+Who+Shed+Light+on+Puritans%2C+Dies+at+97&rft.date=2013-07-09&rft.aulast=Grimes&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2013%2F07%2F09%2Fus%2Fedmund-s-morgan-historian-who-shed-light-on-puritans-dies-at-97.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdmund+Morgan+%28historian%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/books/edmund-s-morgan-historian-of-early-america-dies-at-97/2013/07/10/ed22d8b6-e97e-11e2-aa9f-c03a72e2d342_story.html">Washington Post obituary</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2013/07/09/edmund-morgan-leading-historian-colonial-and-revolutionary-periods/sFN7Ow6VUjAHaziH0bmucJ/story.html">Boston Globe obituary</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.historians.org/publications-and-directories/perspectives-on-history/december-2013/in-memoriam-edmund-sears-morgan">American Historical Association obituary</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.patheos.com/blogs/anxiousbench/2013/07/the-historical-genius-of-edmund-morgan/">Obituary by Thomas Kidd</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2013/07/10/tell-me-what-you-see-jill-lepore-salutes-historian-edmund-s-morgan.html">Obituary by Jill Lepore</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edmund_Morgan_(historian)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050915123413/http://www.yale.edu/history/faculty/morgan.html">Morgan Bio at Yale</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060426060715/http://hnn.us/roundup/entries/24049.html">Morgan bio on History News Network</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nybooks.com/authors/23">Morgan author page and archive</a> from <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Review_of_Books" title="The New York Review of Books">The New York Review of Books</a></i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/person/?82720">Appearances</a> on <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a 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href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize_Special_Citations_and_Awards" title="Pulitzer Prize Special Citations and Awards">Pulitzer Prize Special Citations and Awards</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Journalism</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frank_I._Cobb" title="Frank I. Cobb">Frank I. Cobb</a>* (1924)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_O._Dapping" title="William O. Dapping">William O. Dapping</a> (1930)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Edmonton_Journal" title="Edmonton Journal">Edmonton Journal</a></i> (1938)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> (1941)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byron_Price" title="Byron Price">Byron Price</a> (1944)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/St._Louis_Post-Dispatch" title="St. Louis Post-Dispatch">St. Louis Post-Dispatch</a></i> (1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrus_Leo_Sulzberger_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyrus Leo Sulzberger II">Cyrus L. Sulzberger</a>/<a href="/wiki/Arthur_Krock" title="Arthur Krock">Arthur Krock</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Kase" title="Max Kase">Max Kase</a>/<i><a href="/wiki/The_Kansas_City_Star" title="The Kansas City Star">The Kansas City Star</a></i> (1952)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Lippmann" title="Walter Lippmann">Walter Lippmann</a> (1958)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gannett_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Gannett Company">Gannett Newspapers</a></i> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Lee_Strout" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Lee Strout">Richard Lee Strout</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herb_Caen" title="Herb Caen">Herb Caen</a> (1996)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Capital_Gazette" title="Capital Gazette">Capital Gazette</a></i> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ida_B._Wells" title="Ida B. Wells">Ida B. Wells</a> (2020, posthumous)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darnella_Frazier" title="Darnella Frazier">Darnella Frazier</a> (2021)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pulitzer_Medal_-_obverse.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Pulitzer_Medal_-_obverse.png/60px-Pulitzer_Medal_-_obverse.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Pulitzer_Medal_-_obverse.png/90px-Pulitzer_Medal_-_obverse.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Pulitzer_Medal_-_obverse.png/120px-Pulitzer_Medal_-_obverse.png 2x" data-file-width="1114" data-file-height="1110" /></a></span><br /><br /> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pulitzer_Medal_-_reverse.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Pulitzer_Medal_-_reverse.png/60px-Pulitzer_Medal_-_reverse.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Pulitzer_Medal_-_reverse.png/90px-Pulitzer_Medal_-_reverse.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Pulitzer_Medal_-_reverse.png/120px-Pulitzer_Medal_-_reverse.png 2x" data-file-width="1115" data-file-height="1101" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Letters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Love Songs</i> by <a href="/wiki/Sara_Teasdale" title="Sara Teasdale">Sara Teasdale</a> (1918)</li> <li><i>Corn Huskers</i> by <a href="/wiki/Carl_Sandburg" title="Carl Sandburg">Carl Sandburg</a>/<i>Old Road to Paradise</i> by <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Widdemer" title="Margaret Widdemer">Margaret Widdemer</a> (1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Roberts_(author)" title="Kenneth Roberts (author)">Kenneth Roberts</a> (1957)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Defeat_of_the_Spanish_Armada" class="mw-redirect" title="The Defeat of the Spanish Armada">The Defeat of the Spanish Armada</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Garrett_Mattingly" title="Garrett Mattingly">Garrett Mattingly</a> (1960)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Heritage_Picture_History_of_the_Civil_War&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="American Heritage Picture History of the Civil War (page does not exist)">American Heritage Picture History of the Civil War</a></i> (1961)</li> <li><i>George Washington, Vols. I-IV</i> by <a href="/wiki/James_Thomas_Flexner" title="James Thomas Flexner">James Thomas Flexner</a> (1973)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Roots:_The_Saga_of_an_American_Family" title="Roots: The Saga of an American Family">Roots</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Alex_Haley" title="Alex Haley">Alex Haley</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/E.B._White" class="mw-redirect" title="E.B. White">E.B. White</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dr._Seuss" title="Dr. Seuss">Theodor Seuss Geisel</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_Spiegelman" title="Art Spiegelman">Art Spiegelman</a> for <i><a href="/wiki/Maus" title="Maus">Maus</a></i> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_S._Morgan" class="mw-redirect" title="Edmund S. Morgan">Edmund S. Morgan</a> (2006)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Arts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Rodgers" title="Richard Rodgers">Richard Rodgers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oscar_Hammerstein_II" title="Oscar Hammerstein II">Oscar Hammerstein II</a>. A special award for <i><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_(musical)" class="mw-redirect" title="Oklahoma (musical)">Oklahoma!</a></i> (1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Sessions" title="Roger Sessions">Roger Sessions</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Joplin" title="Scott Joplin">Scott Joplin</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milton_Babbitt" title="Milton Babbitt">Milton Babbitt</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Schuman" title="William Schuman">William Schuman</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Gershwin" title="George Gershwin">George Gershwin</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duke_Ellington" title="Duke Ellington">Duke Ellington</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thelonious_Monk" title="Thelonious Monk">Thelonious Monk</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Bradbury" title="Ray Bradbury">Ray Bradbury</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Dylan" title="Bob Dylan">Bob Dylan</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hank_Williams" title="Hank Williams">Hank Williams</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aretha_Franklin" title="Aretha Franklin">Aretha Franklin</a> (2019)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Service</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Allen_White" title="William Allen White">William Allen White</a>* (1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University_Graduate_School_of_Journalism" title="Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism">Graduate School of Journalism</a> (1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_D._Fackenthal" title="Frank D. Fackenthal">Frank D. Fackenthal</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hohenberg" title="John Hohenberg">John Hohenberg</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Pulitzer,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph Pulitzer, Jr.">Joseph Pulitzer, Jr.</a> (1985)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>* indicates award given to widow in year after his death</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q365672#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q365672#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q365672#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" 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href="https://viaf.org/viaf/32074380">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1898741/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJyGYvTPPyFJ6YDP99TJXd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/128445149">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50005822">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12360861m">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12360861m">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00450501">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=utb2015875690&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p067622844">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Morgan, Edmund Sears"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000032396&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=217224">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC201812262">Korea</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/khwz11030n41qkj">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810557692205606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007265530305171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058520405006706">Catalonia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14357844">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA00376232?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/128445149">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 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