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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log masuk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Laman untuk penyunting log keluar <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengenalan" aria-label="Ketahui lebih lanjut tentang menyunting"><span>Ketahui lebih lanjut</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumbangan_saya" title="Senarai suntingan yang dibuat daripada alamat IP ini [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Sumbangan</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Perbincangan_saya" title="Perbincangan mengenai penyuntingan daripada alamat IP anda [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Perbincangan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Tapak"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Kandungan" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Kandungan</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Permulaan</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Hubungan_antara_negara_dan_pemerintah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hubungan_antara_negara_dan_pemerintah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Hubungan antara negara dan pemerintah</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hubungan_antara_negara_dan_pemerintah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lihat_juga" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lihat_juga"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Lihat juga</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lihat_juga-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rujukan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rujukan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Rujukan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rujukan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Kandungan" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Togol isi kandungan" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Togol isi kandungan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Negara berdaulat</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke rencana dalam bahasa lain. Tersedia dalam 86 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-86" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">86 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A9_%D8%B0%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A9" title="دولة ذات سيادة – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="دولة ذات سيادة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estau_sobir%C3%A1n" title="Estau sobirán – Aragon" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Estau sobirán" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BB%D5%B6%D6%84%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%B7%D5%AD%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%BA%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%AB%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Ինքնիշխան պետութիւն – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Ինքնիշխան պետութիւն" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Est%C3%A1u_soberanu" title="Estáu soberanu – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Estáu soberanu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suveren_d%C3%B6vl%C9%99t" title="Suveren dövlət – Azerbaijan" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Suveren dövlət" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negara_berdaulat" title="Negara berdaulat – Indonesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Negara berdaulat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%8C%E0%A6%AE_%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0" title="সার্বভৌম রাষ্ট্র – Benggali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সার্বভৌম রাষ্ট্র" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Benggali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daptar_nagara_badaulat" title="Daptar nagara badaulat – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Daptar nagara badaulat" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%BA-kho%C3%A2n_kok-ka" title="Chú-khoân kok-ka – Cina Min Nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chú-khoân kok-ka" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Cina Min Nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Суверэнная дзяржава – Belarus" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Суверэнная дзяржава" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Сувэрэнная дзяржава – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Сувэрэнная дзяржава" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%81_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="संप्रभु राज्य – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="संप्रभु राज्य" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soberanong_estado" title="Soberanong estado – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Soberanong estado" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suverena_dr%C5%BEava" title="Suverena država – Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Suverena država" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stad_emveliek" title="Stad emveliek – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Stad emveliek" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Суверенна държава – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Суверенна държава" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D2%AF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%85%D1%8D%D1%82%D1%8D_%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Бүрин эрхэтэ улас – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Бүрин эрхэтэ улас" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estat_sobir%C3%A0" title="Estat sobirà – Catalonia" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Estat sobirà" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suver%C3%A9nn%C3%AD_st%C3%A1t" title="Suverénní stát – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Suverénní stát" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suver%C3%A6n_stat" title="Suveræn stat – Denmark" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Suveræn stat" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Denmark" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Souver%C3%A4ner_Staat" title="Souveräner Staat – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Souveräner Staat" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CF%85%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%81%CF%87%CE%BF_%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%AC%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Κυρίαρχο κράτος – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κυρίαρχο κράτος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state – Inggeris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Sovereign state" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggeris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estado_soberano" title="Estado soberano – Sepanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Estado soberano" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Sepanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suverena_%C5%9Dtato" title="Suverena ŝtato – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Suverena ŝtato" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estatu_burujabe" title="Estatu burujabe – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Estatu burujabe" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%84" title="دولت مستقل – Parsi" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دولت مستقل" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Parsi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajya" title="Rajya – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Rajya" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fullveldisr%C3%ADki" title="Fullveldisríki – Faroe" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Fullveldisríki" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89tat_en_droit_international" title="État en droit international – Perancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="État en droit international" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Perancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estado_soberano" title="Estado soberano – Galicia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Estado soberano" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A3%BC%EA%B6%8C%EA%B5%AD" title="주권국 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="주권국" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BB%D5%B6%D6%84%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%B7%D5%AD%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%BA%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Ինքնիշխան պետություն – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ինքնիշխան պետություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%81_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="सम्प्रभु राज्य – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सम्प्रभु राज्य" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suverena_dr%C5%BEava" title="Suverena država – Croatia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Suverena država" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naturay_nga_estado" title="Naturay nga estado – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Naturay nga estado" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fullvalda_r%C3%ADki" title="Fullvalda ríki – Iceland" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Fullvalda ríki" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Iceland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stato_sovrano" title="Stato sovrano – Itali" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Stato sovrano" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Itali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%94_%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA" title="מדינה ריבונית – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מדינה ריבונית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A3%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9B%E1%83%AC%E1%83%98%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9D" title="სუვერენული სახელმწიფო – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სუვერენული სახელმწიფო" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civitas_sui_iuris" title="Civitas sui iuris – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Civitas sui iuris" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suver%C4%93na_valsts" title="Suverēna valsts – Latvia" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Suverēna valsts" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suvereni_valstyb%C4%97" title="Suvereni valstybė – Lithuania" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Suvereni valstybė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stat_sovran" title="Stat sovran – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Stat sovran" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Суверена држава – Macedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Суверена држава" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A7%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0_%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="പരമാധികാര രാഷ്ട്രം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പരമാധികാര രാഷ്ട്രം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D9%87_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%87" title="دوله سايده – Arab Mesir" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="دوله سايده" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Arab Mesir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%A1_%EA%AF%87%EA%AF%9D%EA%AF%95_%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A9%EA%AF%84%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%9B" title="ꯃꯅꯤꯡ ꯇꯝꯕ ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯃꯅꯤꯡ ꯇꯝꯕ ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D2%AF%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BD_%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%85%D1%82_%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%81" title="Бүрэн эрхт улс – Mongolia" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Бүрэн эрхт улс" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soevereine_staat" title="Soevereine staat – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Soevereine staat" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="सार्वभौम राज्य – Nepal" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="सार्वभौम राज्य" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E6%A8%A9%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E4%BD%93%E5%88%B6" title="主権国家体制 – Jepun" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="主権国家体制" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suveren_stat" title="Suveren stat – Nynorsk Norway" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Suveren stat" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nynorsk Norway" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estat_sobeiran" title="Estat sobeiran – Occitania" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Estat sobeiran" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C" title="ਸਿਰਮੌਰ ਰਾਜ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸਿਰਮੌਰ ਰਾਜ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%AF_%D9%85%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA" title="خود مختار ریاست – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="خود مختار ریاست" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stiet" title="Stiet – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Stiet" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pa%C5%84stwo_niepodleg%C5%82e" title="Państwo niepodległe – Poland" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Państwo niepodległe" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Poland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estado_soberano" title="Estado soberano – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Estado soberano" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stat_suveran" title="Stat suveran – Romania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Stat suveran" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Суверенное государство – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Суверенное государство" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shtet_i_pavarur" title="Shtet i pavarur – Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Shtet i pavarur" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9B%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BA_%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%BA" title="ස්වෛරීය රාජ්‍යය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ස්වෛරීය රාජ්‍යය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Sovereign state" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%AE%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA" title="خودمختيار رياست – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="خودمختيار رياست" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dowlad_madax_banaan" title="Dowlad madax banaan – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Dowlad madax banaan" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%95%D9%88%DA%B5%DB%95%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D8%B3%DB%95%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%95%D8%B1" title="دەوڵەتی سەروەر – Kurdi Tengah" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="دەوڵەتی سەروەر" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Kurdi Tengah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Суверена држава – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Суверена држава" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suverena_dr%C5%BEava" title="Suverena država – SerboCroatia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Suverena država" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="SerboCroatia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nagara_daulat" title="Nagara daulat – Sunda" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Nagara daulat" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sunda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suver%C3%A4n_stat" title="Suverän stat – Sweden" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Suverän stat" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sweden" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malayang_estado" title="Malayang estado – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Malayang estado" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B3_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81" title="இறைமையுள்ள நாடு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இறைமையுள்ள நாடு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D3%99%D2%AF%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%82" title="Суверен дәүләт – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Суверен дәүләт" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A" title="รัฐเอกราช – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="รัฐเอกราช" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu%E1%BB%91c_gia_c%C3%B3_ch%E1%BB%A7_quy%E1%BB%81n" title="Quốc gia có chủ quyền – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Quốc gia có chủ quyền" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%BE%D2%B3%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%85%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%91%D1%80" title="Давлати соҳибихтиёр – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Давлати соҳибихтиёр" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egemen_devlet" title="Egemen devlet – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Egemen devlet" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Суверенна держава – Ukraine" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Суверенна держава" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraine" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%AF_%D9%85%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA" title="خود مختار ریاست – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="خود مختار ریاست" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stato_sovran" title="Stato sovran – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Stato sovran" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dislaxh%C3%AE_payis" title="Dislaxhî payis – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Dislaxhî payis" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estado_soberanya" title="Estado soberanya – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Estado soberanya" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%90%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%A2%D7%A0%D7%A2%D7%A8_%D7%A9%D7%98%D7%90%D7%98" title="סואווערענער שטאט – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="סואווערענער שטאט" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E6%AC%8A%E5%9C%8B" title="主權國 – Kantonis" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="主權國" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E6%9D%83%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6" title="主权国家 – Cina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="主权国家" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Cina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3624078#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pautan antara bahasa" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pautan</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Negara_berdaulat" title="Lihat laman kandungan [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Rencana</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon 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href="/w/index.php?title=Negara_berdaulat&action=history" title="Semakan terdahulu bagi laman ini [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Lihat sejarah</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Alatan laman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Peralatan" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Peralatan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Peralatan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Lagi pilihan" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tindakan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Negara_berdaulat"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Negara_berdaulat&veaction=edit" title="Sunting laman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Negara_berdaulat&action=edit" title="Sunting kod sumber untuk laman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Negara_berdaulat&action=history"><span>Lihat sejarah</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Umum </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Pautan_ke_sini/Negara_berdaulat" title="Senarai semua laman wiki yang mengandungi pautan ke laman ini [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pautan ke laman ini</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Perubahan_berkaitan/Negara_berdaulat" rel="nofollow" title="Perubahan terkini bagi laman yang dipaut dari laman ini [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Perubahan berkaitan</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=ms" title="Muat naik fail [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Muat naik fail</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Laman_khas" title="Senarai semua laman khas [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Laman khas</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Negara_berdaulat&oldid=6060673" title="Pautan kekal ke semakan laman ini"><span>Pautan kekal</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Negara_berdaulat&action=info" title="Maklumat lanjut mengenai laman ini"><span>Maklumat laman</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Petik_laman_ini&page=Negara_berdaulat&id=6060673&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Maklumat tentang cara memetik laman ini"><span>Petik laman ini</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fms.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FNegara_berdaulat"><span>Dapatkan URL pendek</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fms.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FNegara_berdaulat"><span>Muat turun kod QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Cetak/eksport </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Buku&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Negara+berdaulat"><span>Cipta buku</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:DownloadAsPdf&page=Negara_berdaulat&action=show-download-screen"><span>Muat turun sebagai PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Negara_berdaulat&printable=yes" title="Versi boleh cetak bagi laman ini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versi boleh cetak</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dalam projek lain </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Sovereign_states_by_name" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3624078" title="Pautan ke item repositori data yang bersambung [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Butir Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Alatan laman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Penampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Penampilan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Daripada Wikipedia, ensiklopedia bebas.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ms" dir="ltr"><p>Dalam <a href="/wiki/Undang-undang_antarabangsa" title="Undang-undang antarabangsa">undang-undang antarabangsa</a>, <b>negara berdaulat</b> merupakan suatu entiti bidang kuasa bukan fizikal diwakili pemerintah berpusat yang memiliki <a href="/wiki/Kedaulatan" title="Kedaulatan">kedaulatan</a> ke atas suatu kawasan geografi tertentu. Undang-undang antarabangsa mentakrifkan negara berdaulat itu sebagai mempunyai populasi atau kependudukan yang kekal, lingkungan kawasan yang jelas, sebuah <a href="/wiki/Pemerintah" class="mw-redirect" title="Pemerintah">pemerintah</a>, dan keupayaan memasuki <a href="/wiki/Hubungan_antarabangsa" title="Hubungan antarabangsa">hubungan bersama negara berdaulat lain</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Terdapat juga fahaman umum bahawa sesebuah negara berdaulat itu tidak bergantung mahupun tunduk kepada sebarang kuasa atau <a href="/wiki/Negara_(politik)" title="Negara (politik)">negara</a> lain.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sesebuah negara berdaulat itu boleh wujud tanpa <a href="/wiki/Pengiktirafan_diplomatik" title="Pengiktirafan diplomatik">pengiktirafan negara berdaulat lain</a> jika mengikut teori deklaratif kenegaraan, namun negara yang tidak diiktiraf sering kali susah melaksanakan kuasa membuat perjanjian serta terlibat dalam <a href="/wiki/Diplomasi" title="Diplomasi">hubungan diplomatik</a> dengan negara berdaulat lain. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hubungan_antara_negara_dan_pemerintah">Hubungan antara negara dan pemerintah</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Negara_berdaulat&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bahagian: Hubungan antara negara dan pemerintah" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Negara_berdaulat&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Hubungan antara negara dan pemerintah"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Meskipun istilah "negara" dan "pemerintah" sering digunakan secara berganti-ganti,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> terdapat undang-undang yang membezakan antara negara tidak fizikal dan pemerintahnya; dan pada kenyataannya, konsep "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemerintah_dalam_buangan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pemerintah dalam buangan (laman tidak wujud)">pemerintah dalam buangan</a>" didasarkan atas perbezaan itu.<sup id="cite_ref-Crawford,_J._2006_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crawford,_J._2006-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Negara adalah suatu kesatuan kehakiman yang tidak fizikal, dan tidaklah menyerupai pertubuhan manapun.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Namun, hanya pemerintah sesebuah negara biasanya yang dapat mewajibkan atau mengikat negara, misalnya melalui suatu perjanjian. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lihat_juga">Lihat juga</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Negara_berdaulat&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bahagian: Lihat juga" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Negara_berdaulat&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Lihat juga"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Senarai_negara_berdaulat" title="Senarai negara berdaulat">Senarai negara berdaulat</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rujukan">Rujukan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Negara_berdaulat&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bahagian: Rujukan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Negara_berdaulat&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Rujukan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6173370">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2" style=""> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lihat rujukan-rujukan berikut: <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5110723">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFShaw2003" class="citation book cs1">Shaw, Malcolm Nathan (2003). <i>International law</i>. Cambridge University Press. m/s. 178. <q>Article 1 of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Konvensyen_Montevideo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konvensyen Montevideo (laman tidak wujud)">Montevideo Convention</a> on Rights and Duties of States, 1 lays down the most widely accepted formulation of the criteria of statehood in international law. It note that the state as an international person should possess the following qualifications: '(a) a permanent population; (b) a defined territory; (c) government; and (d) capacity to enter into relations with other states'</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=International+law&rft.pages=178&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Shaw&rft.aufirst=Malcolm+Nathan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+berdaulat" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFJasentuliyana1995" class="citation book cs1">Jasentuliyana, Nandasiri, penyunting (1995). <i>Perspectives on international law</i>. Kluwer Law International. m/s. 20. <q>So far as States are concerned, the traditional definitions provided for in the Montevideo Convention remain generally accepted.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Perspectives+on+international+law&rft.pages=20&rft.pub=Kluwer+Law+International&rft.date=1995&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+berdaulat" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lihat rujukan-rujukan berikut: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFWheaton1836" class="citation book cs1">Wheaton, Henry (1836). <i>Elements of international law: with a sketch of the history of the science</i>. Carey, Lea & Blanchard. m/s. 51. <q>A sovereign state is generally defined to be any nation or people, whatever may be the form of its internal constitution, which governs itself independently of foreign powers.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Elements+of+international+law%3A+with+a+sketch+of+the+history+of+the+science&rft.pages=51&rft.pub=Carey%2C+Lea+%26+Blanchard&rft.date=1836&rft.aulast=Wheaton&rft.aufirst=Henry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+berdaulat" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/sovereign">"sovereign"</a>, <i>The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language</i> (ed. ke-4), Houghton Mifflin Company, 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">, dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">21 Februari</span> 2010</span>, <q>adj. 1. Self-governing; independent: a sovereign state.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+Heritage+Dictionary+of+the+English+Language&rft.atitle=sovereign&rft.date=2004&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdictionary.reference.com%2Fbrowse%2Fsovereign&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+berdaulat" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite class="citation cs2">"sovereign", <i>The New Oxford American Dictionary</i> (ed. 2nd), Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005, <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/0-19-517077-6" title="Khas:Sumber buku/0-19-517077-6"><bdi>0-19-517077-6</bdi></a>, <q>adjective ... [ attrib. ] (of a nation or state) fully independent and determining its own affairs.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Oxford+American+Dictionary&rft.atitle=sovereign&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-19-517077-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+berdaulat" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFRobinson2013" class="citation web cs1">Robinson, E. H. (April 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.edwardheath.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/State_and_Government.pdf">"The Distinction Between State and Government"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Les Nouvelles d'Addis Magazine. m/s. 556–566<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">4 Januari</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Distinction+Between+State+and+Government&rft.pages=556-566&rft.pub=Les+Nouvelles+d%27Addis+Magazine&rft.date=2008-04&rft.aulast=Robinson&rft.aufirst=E.+H.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.edwardheath.net%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2013%2F08%2FState_and_Government.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+berdaulat" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error error citation-comment">Check date values in: <code class="cs1-code">|year=</code> / <code class="cs1-code">|date=</code> tidak padan (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#bad_date" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Crawford,_J._2006-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Crawford,_J._2006_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFCrawford2006" class="citation book cs1">Crawford, J. (2006). <i>The Creation of States in International Law</i> (ed. 2nd). Oxford: Clarendon Press. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/0-19-826002-4" title="Khas:Sumber buku/0-19-826002-4"><bdi>0-19-826002-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Creation+of+States+in+International+Law&rft.place=Oxford&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Clarendon+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-19-826002-4&rft.aulast=Crawford&rft.aufirst=J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+berdaulat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFRobinson2010" class="citation journal cs1">Robinson, Edward Heath (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.edwardheath.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/States_v_Legal_Persons.pdf">"An Ontological Analysis of States: Organizations vs. Legal Persons"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Applied Ontology</i>. <b>5</b>: 109–125.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Ontology&rft.atitle=An+Ontological+Analysis+of+States%3A+Organizations+vs.+Legal+Persons&rft.volume=5&rft.pages=109-125&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Robinson&rft.aufirst=Edward+Heath&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.edwardheath.net%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2013%2F01%2FStates_v_Legal_Persons.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ANegara+berdaulat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Diambil daripada "<a dir="ltr" href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Negara_berdaulat&oldid=6060673">https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Negara_berdaulat&oldid=6060673</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Kategori" title="Khas:Kategori">Kategori</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Geografi_politik" title="Kategori:Geografi politik">Geografi politik</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Undang-undang_antarabangsa" title="Kategori:Undang-undang antarabangsa">Undang-undang antarabangsa</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Kategori tersembunyi: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_errors:_dates" title="Kategori:CS1 errors: dates">CS1 errors: dates</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Laman ini kali terakhir disunting pada 15:32, 24 Disember 2023.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Teks disediakan di bawah <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.ms">Lesen Creative Commons Pengiktirafan/Perkongsian Serupa</a>; terma tambahan mungkin digunapakai. 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